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黄金

瑞士

核查于 2026-09-28 · 版本 r1 · 已迁移,尚未审核

以研究形式发布的公开法律与官方指引,不构成法律、税务或金融建议。

研究内容本身以英文撰写。标题和标签已翻译,调查结果和引文未翻译。

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精炼中心交易中心金库中心

World's main refining hub. Import needs a formal (electronic) declaration; gold of the forms listed in MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12 (incl. investment bars of 995+ with a recognised assayer-melter stamp and raw gold for refining) is VAT-exempt on import since 1 Jan 2025 (Art. 53(1)(m)); refiners hold a four-year melt licence (EMKG Art. 24-26), a trade-assayer licence and, for bank precious metals, an EMKG Art. 42bis licence, with EMKV 168a-c origin duties; LBMA Good Delivery refining; bank sale under CDB 20 and the AMLA.

本页的可信程度

  • 法律原文 31
  • 官方指引 7
  • 标准 8
  • 二手资料 3
  • 未经核实 2
  • 未记录可信度等级 7
  • 研究备注 29
  • 未记录 19
  • 文本 6
  • 转录本 3
  • 未说明 10

监管机构

  • The purchasing Swiss bank

    CDB 20 identification, AMLA KYC/source-of-funds, bar acceptance policy

    未记录可信度等级
    未记录来源
  • Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)

    Melter's licence, trade-assayer licence, responsibility-mark registration, purchaser registration (PMCA/PMCO)

    未记录可信度等级
    未记录来源
  • Federal Tax Administration (ESTV/FTA-CH)

    Import VAT, investment-gold exemption

    未记录可信度等级
    未记录来源
  • FINMA / SRO (e.g. VQF)

    AMLA supervision of financial intermediaries and precious-metal dealers

    未记录可信度等级
    未记录来源
  • LBMA (London Bullion Market Association)

    Good Delivery List accreditation, Responsible Gold Guidance (private industry standard, not Swiss law)

    未记录可信度等级
    未记录来源

法律

  • AS 2015 4917 - ZV amendment incl. Annex 2 (sensitive goods: ex 71 precious metals)

    类型
    规章
    生效日期
    2016-01-01
    法律原文未记录
  • AMLA/GwG (Anti-Money Laundering Act): record keeping (Dokumentationspflicht; article in refs)

    类型
    法案
    法律原文

    研究备注: The official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch.

    未记录来源
  • BAZG-Vollzugsaufgabengesetz (BAZG-VG) of 20 June 2025 — adopted, not in force

    Will replace the customs procedure law of the Zollgesetz (ZG) together with the Zollabgabengesetz (ZoG) and amend the MWSTG and EMKG; in force on a date the Federal Council sets.

    引用
    BBl 2025 2035
    类型
    法案
    法律原文
  • Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO)

    引用
    SR 221.433
    类型
    规章
    生效日期
    2022-01-01
    法律原文
  • AS 2024 438 - VAT Act amendment (Art. 23 para 2 no. 12, Art. 53 para 1 let. m), in force 1 Jan 2025

    类型
    法案
    生效日期
    2025-01-01
    法律原文
  • VAT Ordinance (MWSTV) consolidated 1 Jan 2025 - Art. 44 repealed

    类型
    条例
    法律原文
  • EMKG/PMCA (Precious Metals Control Act, SR 941.31) Art. 20 (import)

    引用
    SR 941.31
    类型
    法案
    法律原文

    研究备注: Held as an official fedlex consolidation; the later consolidation does not change this article (law header).

    未记录来源
  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 31a

    引用
    SR 941.31
    类型
    法案
    法律原文
  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 42bis

    引用
    SR 941.31
    类型
    法案
    法律原文
  • PMCO/EMKV (Precious Metals Control Ordinance): acceptance of melt material (article in refs)

    类型
    规章
    法律原文

    研究备注: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

    未记录来源
  • PMCO Art. 168b (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    类型
    规章
    法律原文未记录
  • PMCO Art. 168c (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    类型
    规章
    法律原文
  • PMCO Art. 178 (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    类型
    规章
    法律原文未记录
  • Swiss Customs Act (ZG): open customs warehouses (articles in refs)

    类型
    法案
    法律原文

    研究备注: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the ZG held on the server.

    未记录来源
  • Swiss Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

    类型
    法案
    法律原文未记录
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 178a (customs declaration for sensitive goods), as inserted by the amendment of 18 November 2015

    类型
    条例
    法律原文

    研究备注: [unconfirmed] Read in the amending act; the current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to this article are not ruled out.

    未记录来源
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 182

    类型
    条例
    法律原文未记录
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 184

    类型
    条例
    法律原文未记录

瑞士涉及黄金的法律

来自法律库:标注了该商品的法律及其来源。它们不是研究结论;以上各部分才是。

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程序

Bank onboarding, title transfer and settlement

适用情形: country is where the bars are sold to a bank

  1. 申报

    Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening

    执行方
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    出具
    Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
    标准未记录

    法律依据: AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)

    研究备注: Downgraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.

  2. 保管

    Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title

    执行方
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    所需
    Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
    出具
    Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)
    二手资料未记录转录本

    研究备注: A bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.

  3. 付款

    Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated

    执行方
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    出具
    Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)
    二手资料
    未记录来源

Free-port storage (optional)

适用情形: country stores under customs control

    Export of refined bars (or re-export of stored bars)

    适用情形: gold leaves Switzerland after refining or storage

    1. 尽职调查

      Screen the bars, buyer and destination against Swiss sanctions before release: no purchase, import, transit or related services (including brokerage and financing) for gold of Russian origin exported after 4 Aug 2022 or gold processed from it in third countries

      执行方
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      法律原文

      法律依据: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

      研究备注: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 read in an unofficial third-party English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024, held in laws/); Annex 26 covers 7108, 7112 91 and ex 7118 90 gold coins; Annex 27 ex 7113 and ex 7114. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is now Stand 21 Sep 2026 and was not read (the fetch tool truncates before Art. 14d); changes after March 2024 are not ruled out. The ordinance contains no explicit ban on selling gold to Russia; the export-side effect is through the services ban.

    2. 保管

      Release the bars from the refinery vault or free port against the owner's instruction and prepare the weight list (bar list), commercial invoice and packing list for the shipment

      执行方
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      出具
      Outbound weight list / bar list; Commercial invoice to the foreign buyer; Packing list
      标准未记录转录本

      法律依据: LBMA Good Delivery Rules, Annex C (weight lists); Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

      研究备注: The weight list is sourced to LBMA Annex C; commercial invoice and packing list are standard export practice, not read in a Swiss source.

    3. 海关

      Lodge the electronic export declaration in Passar (HS 7108; e-dec Export was usable only to end-2025); the declarant must make it binding and physically export the goods within 120 days of its acceptance in the IT system

      执行方
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      出具
      Passar export declaration (HS 7108)
      官方指引未记录

      法律依据: Customs Act (ZG, SR 631.0); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 25-29 (as cited in R-10-10)

      研究备注: R-10-10 (valid 1 Jan 2026) cites Art. 25-29 ZG and Art. 79-83 ZV for the declaration duty, says declarations are electronic in principle, and sets the 120-day limit from acceptance in the IT system. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28; the Customs Act and Ordinance texts themselves were not read. R-10-10 has no gold-specific rule.

    4. 海关

      Receive the export assessment notice (Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr), the evidence that the goods were properly cleared for export

      执行方
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      官方指引未记录

      法律依据: Customs Act (ZG); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 38 and 69; ZV Art. 92 (as cited in R-10-10)

      研究备注: R-10-10 cites Art. 38 and 69 ZG and Art. 92 ZV for the export assessment notice and says it is evidence of proper assessment and of export for VAT. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28.

    5. 税费

      Treat the sale as a VAT-exempt export (supply of goods directly transported abroad) and keep the export assessment notice as evidence

      执行方
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      法律原文未记录

      法律依据: Federal VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 23(2) no. 1

      研究备注: Art. 23(2) no. 1 read in the held MWSTG (Stand 1 Jan 2025, German wording current). Art. 23(3): direct export includes export into an open customs warehouse or a free port. Investment gold of at least 995 fineness is separately exempt with credit under Art. 23(2) no. 12 (see ch.tax-import-vat).

    6. 运输

      Hand the sealed consignment to a secure valuables carrier and fly it out (Zurich or Geneva) under an air waybill

      执行方
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      出具
      Air waybill (outbound)
      未经核实未记录

      研究备注: Carrier practice. Cantonal licensing: in the Canton of Zurich "Sicherheitstransporte von Personen, Gütern und Wertsachen" require a licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page, read by WebFetch 2026-09-28; PolG text not read). Geneva and other cantons not checked. No Swiss source read describes the outbound air leg for gold.

    Supplier onboarding and customs import

    适用情形: country receives bars or doré

      Assay, pay, re-refine and stamp

      适用情形: country refines to LBMA Good Delivery

      1. 化验

        Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar

        执行方
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        所需
        Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner
        出具
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion
        标准未记录

        法律依据: Fire assay standard practice

        研究备注: [unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.

      2. 付款

        Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content

        执行方
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        所需
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
        出具
        Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty
        二手资料

        法律依据: Refining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103

        未记录来源
      3. 精炼

        Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying

        执行方
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        所需
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
        标准未记录转录本

        法律依据: LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)

        研究备注: [unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).

      4. 精炼

        Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year

        执行方
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        法律原文未记录

        法律依据: PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7

        研究备注: Serial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.

      5. 申报

        File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report

        执行方
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        出具
        LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report
        标准未记录转录本

        法律依据: LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l

        研究备注: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).

      许可与登记

      • Licence to trade commercially in banking precious metals (makes the refiner an AMLA financial intermediary supervised by the Central Office)

        Central Office licence

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        法律原文

        法律依据: PMCA (SR 941.31); AMLA, PMCA Art. 42bis(1); AMLA Art. 2(2)(g), Art. 12 let. bter

        研究备注: [unconfirmed] Art. 42bis was inserted by the Financial Institutions Act of 15 June 2018 (AS 2018 5247, 2019 4631); the current wording is in force since 1 Jan 2023 (EMKG footnote 60). The date the original insertion took effect is not printed, so validFrom gives the current wording's date. Supervision: EMKG Art. 42ter(1) refers to GwG Art. 12 Bst. bter; GwG Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. g and Art. 12 Bst. bter read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG (Stand 1 Oct 2026) by WebFetch on 2026-09-28 (text not yet held).

      • Trade assayer licence (Handelsprüfer) - needed to import unmarked doré

        Licence; reportable material changes

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        有效期
        ongoing
        官方指引未记录

        法律依据: PMCA (SR 941.31), Art. 41 (trade assayer: federal assayer diploma, Swiss residence, good repute)

        研究备注: The licence and its conditions are EMKG Art. 41 (federal assayer diploma, residence in Switzerland, good repute). The rule that only trade assayers may import unmarked melt products is BAZG practice since 1 Jan 2020 (BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019; R-247 s.3.4.2; BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.7), not in Art. 41 itself.

      • LBMA Good Delivery List membership

        Good Delivery List listing

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        LBMA
        有效期
        subject to proactive monitoring, referee assessment
        标准未记录转录本

        法律依据: LBMA Good Delivery List Rules (private industry standard, not Swiss law)

      • LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance compliance (mandatory for GD-listed refiners)

        Annual assurance report filed with LBMA

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        LBMA, independent assurance provider
        有效期
        annual independent assurance report
        标准未记录转录本

        法律依据: LBMA RGG v9 (v10 in consultation, June 2026)

        研究备注: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies from 1 Jan 2022 (full implementation by 31 Dec 2022) until RGG v10 takes effect: the v10 consultation ran 10 Jun-10 Jul 2026, implementation runs 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, and the first v10 audits cover the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027.

      • AMLA financial-intermediary status, full KYC programme

        Internal AML organisation, CDB 20 compliance

        持有人
        Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
        签发机构
        FINMA
        有效期
        ongoing
        官方指引

        法律依据: Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG, SR 955.0), Art. 2

        研究备注: [unconfirmed] AMLA Art. 2 and the 1998 in-force date are not in the source cited (SBA client information page, which names the AMLA only). GwG Art. 12 Bst. a (FINMA supervises intermediaries under Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a-dquater) was read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG Stand 1 Oct 2026 by WebFetch on 2026-09-28; Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a was not read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends many articles (Arts. 2, 4-6, 8a-8d, 9, 12, 14, 17, 18 and others); effects on bank duties not assessed.

      • FINMA banking licence

        Banking licence

        持有人
        Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
        签发机构
        FINMA
        有效期
        ongoing
        未经核实

        法律依据: Banking Act

        研究备注: [not-read] The Banking Act (SR 952.0) was not obtained or read; no source is cited. The earlier validFrom 1934-01-01 had no source and was removed.

        未记录来源
      • CO Art. 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence duty (if volume threshold met)

        Public report, retained accessible >=10 years

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        Self-reporting, independent expert audit
        有效期
        annual
        法律原文

        法律依据: Swiss Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l (as referenced in the DDTrO); Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO/VSoTr, SR 221.433), DDTrO Arts. 3-4 (check and exemption quantities), Arts. 10, 12, 14-16 (supply chain policy, traceability, reporting procedure, risk management, annual audit), Annex 1 (gold ex 7108: 100 kg/year)

        研究备注: Threshold read in the held DDTrO (English, Status 1 Jan 2022); the official German consolidation Stand 1 Jan 2024 keeps 100 kg/year for gold (checked 2026-09-28). [not-read] The Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l were not read; [unconfirmed] the report publication and 10-year retention come from CO Art. 964l, not read in this session.

      • Melter's stamp (Stempelzeichen / Schmelzerzeichen) deposited with the Central Office

        Stamp on every melt product; the die is deposited with the Central Office and the deposit published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 31(1)); form: name of the holder with the word 'SCHMELZER' (BAZG)

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        有效期
        Same duration as the melt licence (BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.4.1.2)
        法律原文未记录

        法律依据: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31); EMKV (SR 941.311), EMKG Art. 31(1); EMKV Art. 169 (as cited by BAZG)

        研究备注: Corrected 2026-09-28: this credential was a "registered responsibility mark (Verantwortlichkeitsmarke)". Under the EMKG the responsibility mark (Arts. 9-12, registration for 20 years) is borne by precious-metal wares; melt products (bars) carry the melter's stamp (Art. 31). EMKV Art. 169 was read only as cited by the BAZG; the EMKV text is not yet held.

      • Melter's licence (Schmelzbewilligung)

        Melt licence; grant and withdrawal published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 26(3))

        持有人
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        签发机构
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)
        有效期
        Four years, renewable (EMKG Art. 26(1)); withdrawn if conditions lapse or duties are repeatedly breached (Art. 26(2))
        法律原文未记录

        法律依据: Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG/PMCA, SR 941.31) of 20 June 1933, Art. 24 (licence), Art. 25 (conditions), Art. 26(1) (granted for four years, renewable)

        研究备注: validFrom is the in-force date of the EMKG (1 July 1934); Art. 24 has its current wording since 1 June 2008 (EMKG footnote 38).

      • Licence to operate a free port (or open customs warehouse)

        BAZG licence (may carry conditions)

        持有人
        Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)
        签发机构
        Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG)
        有效期
        Licence issued for 10 years (BAZG free-port directive); the directive also sets fees for the first issue and for renewal (see note)
        法律原文

        法律依据: Swiss Customs Act (ZG) (articles in refs)

        研究备注: The official fedlex consolidation of the ZG is now held and read: a licence of the BAZG is needed to operate a free port and to operate an open customs warehouse, and it may carry conditions. The licence term is read in the BAZG free-port directive (official guidance). The same directive sets a fee for the first issue and a lower fee for renewal, written in francs as Fr.; the verifier does not read Fr. as CHF and part of the fee table is not matched in the held text, so the fee figures are not stated here and must be read in the directive. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force; date not set) makes free ports one kind of customs warehouse licensed by the BAZG and will replace these provisions when in force.

        未记录来源

      税费

      • Customs duty on gold

        HS 7108

        税率
        0%
        官方指引
      • Import VAT on gold

        Gold and gold alloys under MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12: (a) state-minted gold coins of tariff nos. 7118.9010, 9705.3100, 9705.3900; (b) investment gold of at least 995 fineness as cast bars bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter, or stamped plates; (c) granules of at least 995 packed and sealed by a recognised assayer-melter; (d) gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining or recovery, and gold waste and scrap; (e) alloys under (d) with 2% or more gold

        税率
        Exempt
        法律原文未记录

        法律依据: VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 53(1)(m) (import) with Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12

      管制

      • A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in gold must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. For precious metals and precious stones the threshold is lower than for other goods.

        类型
        反洗钱
        未记录可信度等级
        未记录来源
      • Commercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed by a control office or a trade assayer and marked with the fineness and the assayer's stamp; putting melt products on the market without fineness or melter/assayer mark is an offence (Art. 47).

        类型
        其他
        生效日期
        1934-07-01
        法律原文未记录

        法律依据: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48

      • Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified with particular care, and the goods kept unaltered until the case is clarified. They must take organisational measures against melting material of unlawful origin, keep a purchase book of melt material and melt products, and keep the business documents for the period the EMKV sets (zehn Jahren). Articles in refs.

        类型
        冲突地区尽职调查
        法律原文

        法律依据: PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs)

        研究备注: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server; the same duties are restated in the BAZG documentation on melting and assaying and in the BAZG melter due-diligence directive (official guidance). In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

        未记录来源
      • Purchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the granting of financial resources. Gold-containing products (Annex 27) exported from Russia to Switzerland after 4 Aug 2022 are covered too.

        类型
        制裁
        生效日期
        2022-08-04
        法律原文

        法律依据: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

        研究备注: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 re-read in the held unofficial English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024); dates and verbs confirmed. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is Stand 21 Sep 2026 (about ninety consolidations since March 2024); Art. 14d there was not read (fetch tool truncates), so amendments after March 2024 are not ruled out. Official text listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv.

      • Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on request.

        类型
        其他
        法律原文

        法律依据: Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs)

        研究备注: The Annex 2 entry for pearls, diamonds, precious stones, precious metals and precious-metal plating and articles thereof (ex tariff chapter 71) is read in the amending act of 18 November 2015 (held), in force 1 January 2016. [unconfirmed] The current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to Annex 2 or to the free-port articles are not ruled out. [unconfirmed] Whether the same rules apply in open customs warehouses: the articles read speak only of free ports. The BAZG free-port directive adds that export goods count as sensitive goods.

        未记录来源
      • Banks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).

        类型
        反洗钱
        门槛
        CHF 15,000 cash
        标准

        法律依据: CDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28

      • A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in goods must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. Precious metals and precious stones have a lower threshold (commodity facts).

        类型
        反洗钱
        未记录可信度等级
        未记录来源
      • Melt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per case and possible licence withdrawal.

        类型
        进口限制
        官方指引

        法律依据: BAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)

      实践与法律不符之处

      可靠来源显示的、法律未作规定的实际情况。

      • The Federal Council (2018) acknowledged that for large imports from the UAE the dispatch country is sometimes declared instead of the actual origin.

        官方指引

      我们未能获取的内容

      研究所需但未能获得的文件、它们可能所在的位置,以及原因。

      • Current consolidated Customs Ordinance Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) — the "ex 71 precious metals" entry was read only in the 2015 amending act.

        缺失文件
        Zollverordnung (ZV, SR 631.01), Stand 1 October 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
        可能所在
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/250/20241001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-250-20241001-de-pdf-a.pdf
        未获取原因
        Identified 2026-09-28 on the fedlex linked-data endpoint; the fetch tool truncates the PDF/HTML at Art. 99-112e and the download run saved only a JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv for download on the Mac host.
      • Official EMKV text (SR 941.311) for Arts. 164-178 (melt licence duties, purchase book, marking, recognition of foreign assays, bank precious metals).

        缺失文件
        Edelmetallkontrollverordnung (EMKV, SR 941.311), Stand 1 January 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
        可能所在
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/50/363_375_420/20240101/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-50-363_375_420-20240101-de-pdf-a.pdf
        未获取原因
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell; the fetch tool truncates the official text before Art. 168a. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Official AMLA/GwG text (SR 955.0): current Stand 1 March 2024 and the consolidation Stand 1 October 2026 (wide amendments in force from 1 Oct 2026).

        缺失文件
        Geldwäschereigesetz (GwG, SR 955.0), Stand 1 March 2024 and Stand 1 October 2026
        可能所在
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1998/892_892_892/20261001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1998-892_892_892-20261001-de-pdf-a.pdf
        未获取原因
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell (the listed droit-bilingue page failed). Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Licensing of secure-transport carriers (cantonal). Zurich: licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page read); the PolG text and the Geneva/Romandie rules (Concordat on private security companies) not read.

        缺失文件
        Polizeigesetz des Kantons Zürich (PolG), 9. Abschnitt; Geneva Concordat sur les entreprises de sécurité
        可能所在
        https://www.zh.ch/de/wirtschaft-arbeit/gewerbe-betriebsbewilligungen/private-sicherheitsunternehmen.html ; https://www.lexfind.ch
        未获取原因
        Attempted 2026-09-28: the Zurich page was read (licence required for "Sicherheitstransporte ... Wertsachen"); the cantonal statute texts were not fetched in this session (cantonal law is outside the federal library built here).
        影响
        ch.st-49
      • Official current text of the Ukraine sanctions ordinance (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d and Annexes 26-27; only an unofficial English translation as at 22 Mar 2024 is held.

        缺失文件
        Verordnung über Massnahmen im Zusammenhang mit der Situation in der Ukraine, Stand 21 September 2026
        可能所在
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2022/151/20260921/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2022-151-20260921-de-pdf-a-1.pdf
        未获取原因
        The fetch tool truncates the official PDF/HTML before Art. 14d. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Official Customs Act text (ZG, SR 631.0) for Arts. 25-29, 38, 53-54, 62-66, 69 (declaration, assessment notice, customs warehouses, free ports).

        缺失文件
        Zollgesetz (ZG, SR 631.0), Stand 1 September 2023 (current fedlex consolidation)
        可能所在
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/249/20230901/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-249-20230901-de-pdf-a-4.pdf
        未获取原因
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).

      经过瑞士的路线

      国家对

      来源

      该国研究引用的每一个来源,以及阅读了多少、如何阅读。