Switzerland
Checked 2026-09-28 · Version r1 · Migrated, not yet reviewed
Public law and official guidance, published as research. Not legal, tax or financial advice.
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World's main refining hub. Import needs a formal (electronic) declaration; gold of the forms listed in MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12 (incl. investment bars of 995+ with a recognised assayer-melter stamp and raw gold for refining) is VAT-exempt on import since 1 Jan 2025 (Art. 53(1)(m)); refiners hold a four-year melt licence (EMKG Art. 24-26), a trade-assayer licence and, for bank precious metals, an EMKG Art. 42bis licence, with EMKV 168a-c origin duties; LBMA Good Delivery refining; bank sale under CDB 20 and the AMLA.
How sure this page is
- Primary law 31
- Official guidance 7
- Standard 8
- Secondary 3
- Unverified 2
- No confidence level recorded 7
- Researcher's note 29
- Not recorded 43
- Text 25
- OCR 2
- Transcription 3
- Not stated 13
Regulators
The purchasing Swiss bank
CDB 20 identification, AMLA KYC/source-of-funds, bar acceptance policy
No confidence level recordedNo source recordedCentral Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)
Melter's licence, trade-assayer licence, responsibility-mark registration, purchaser registration (PMCA/PMCO)
No confidence level recordedNo source recordedFederal Tax Administration (ESTV/FTA-CH)
Import VAT, investment-gold exemption
No confidence level recordedNo source recordedFINMA / SRO (e.g. VQF)
AMLA supervision of financial intermediaries and precious-metal dealers
No confidence level recordedNo source recordedLBMA (London Bullion Market Association)
Good Delivery List accreditation, Responsible Gold Guidance (private industry standard, not Swiss law)
No confidence level recordedNo source recorded
Laws
AS 2015 4917 - ZV amendment incl. Annex 2 (sensitive goods: ex 71 precious metals)
- Kind
- Ordinance
- In force from
- 2016-01-01
Primary lawNot recordedAMLA/GwG (Anti-Money Laundering Act): record keeping (Dokumentationspflicht; article in refs)
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawResearcher's note: The official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch.
No source recordedBAZG-Vollzugsaufgabengesetz (BAZG-VG) of 20 June 2025 — adopted, not in force
Will replace the customs procedure law of the Zollgesetz (ZG) together with the Zollabgabengesetz (ZoG) and amend the MWSTG and EMKG; in force on a date the Federal Council sets.
- Citation
- BBl 2025 2035
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawNot recordedOrdinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO)
- Citation
- SR 221.433
- Kind
- Ordinance
- In force from
- 2022-01-01
Primary lawNot recordedAS 2024 438 - VAT Act amendment (Art. 23 para 2 no. 12, Art. 53 para 1 let. m), in force 1 Jan 2025
- Kind
- Act
- In force from
- 2025-01-01
Primary lawNot recordedVAT Ordinance (MWSTV) consolidated 1 Jan 2025 - Art. 44 repealed
- Kind
- Regulation
Primary lawNot recordedEMKG/PMCA (Precious Metals Control Act, SR 941.31) Art. 20 (import)
- Citation
- SR 941.31
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawResearcher's note: Held as an official fedlex consolidation; the later consolidation does not change this article (law header).
No source recordedEMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 31a
- Citation
- SR 941.31
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawNot recordedEMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 42bis
- Citation
- SR 941.31
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawNot recordedPMCO/EMKV (Precious Metals Control Ordinance): acceptance of melt material (article in refs)
- Kind
- Ordinance
Primary lawResearcher's note: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.
No source recordedPMCO Art. 168b (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)
- Kind
- Ordinance
Primary lawNot recordedPMCO Art. 168c (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)
- Kind
- Ordinance
Primary lawNot recordedPMCO Art. 178 (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)
- Kind
- Ordinance
Primary lawNot recordedSwiss Customs Act (ZG): open customs warehouses (articles in refs)
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawResearcher's note: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the ZG held on the server.
No source recordedSwiss Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)
- Kind
- Act
Primary lawNot recordedSwiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 178a (customs declaration for sensitive goods), as inserted by the amendment of 18 November 2015
- Kind
- Regulation
Primary lawResearcher's note: [unconfirmed] Read in the amending act; the current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to this article are not ruled out.
No source recordedSwiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 182
- Kind
- Regulation
Primary lawNot recordedSwiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 184
- Kind
- Regulation
Primary lawNot recorded
Laws concerning gold in Switzerland
From the law library: the laws tagged with this commodity, with their sources. They are not research findings; the sections above are.
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Procedures
Bank onboarding, title transfer and settlement
Applies when: country is where the bars are sold to a bank
- Reporting
Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening
- Who
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- Issues
- Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
StandardNot recordedLegal basis: AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)
Researcher's note: Downgraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.
- Custody
Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title
- Who
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- Needs
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
- Issues
- Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)
SecondaryNot recordedTranscriptionResearcher's note: A bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.
- Payment
Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated
- Who
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- Issues
- Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)
SecondaryNo source recorded
Free-port storage (optional)
Applies when: country stores under customs control
Export of refined bars (or re-export of stored bars)
Applies when: gold leaves Switzerland after refining or storage
- Due diligence
Screen the bars, buyer and destination against Swiss sanctions before release: no purchase, import, transit or related services (including brokerage and financing) for gold of Russian origin exported after 4 Aug 2022 or gold processed from it in third countries
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d
Researcher's note: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 read in an unofficial third-party English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024, held in laws/); Annex 26 covers 7108, 7112 91 and ex 7118 90 gold coins; Annex 27 ex 7113 and ex 7114. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is now Stand 21 Sep 2026 and was not read (the fetch tool truncates before Art. 14d); changes after March 2024 are not ruled out. The ordinance contains no explicit ban on selling gold to Russia; the export-side effect is through the services ban.
- Custody
Release the bars from the refinery vault or free port against the owner's instruction and prepare the weight list (bar list), commercial invoice and packing list for the shipment
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issues
- Outbound weight list / bar list; Commercial invoice to the foreign buyer; Packing list
StandardNot recordedTranscriptionLegal basis: LBMA Good Delivery Rules, Annex C (weight lists); Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)
Researcher's note: The weight list is sourced to LBMA Annex C; commercial invoice and packing list are standard export practice, not read in a Swiss source.
- Customs
Lodge the electronic export declaration in Passar (HS 7108; e-dec Export was usable only to end-2025); the declarant must make it binding and physically export the goods within 120 days of its acceptance in the IT system
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issues
- Passar export declaration (HS 7108)
Official guidanceNot recordedLegal basis: Customs Act (ZG, SR 631.0); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 25-29 (as cited in R-10-10)
Researcher's note: R-10-10 (valid 1 Jan 2026) cites Art. 25-29 ZG and Art. 79-83 ZV for the declaration duty, says declarations are electronic in principle, and sets the 120-day limit from acceptance in the IT system. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28; the Customs Act and Ordinance texts themselves were not read. R-10-10 has no gold-specific rule.
- Customs
Receive the export assessment notice (Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr), the evidence that the goods were properly cleared for export
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Official guidanceNot recordedLegal basis: Customs Act (ZG); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 38 and 69; ZV Art. 92 (as cited in R-10-10)
Researcher's note: R-10-10 cites Art. 38 and 69 ZG and Art. 92 ZV for the export assessment notice and says it is evidence of proper assessment and of export for VAT. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28.
- Tax
Treat the sale as a VAT-exempt export (supply of goods directly transported abroad) and keep the export assessment notice as evidence
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: Federal VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 23(2) no. 1
Researcher's note: Art. 23(2) no. 1 read in the held MWSTG (Stand 1 Jan 2025, German wording current). Art. 23(3): direct export includes export into an open customs warehouse or a free port. Investment gold of at least 995 fineness is separately exempt with credit under Art. 23(2) no. 12 (see ch.tax-import-vat).
- Transport
Hand the sealed consignment to a secure valuables carrier and fly it out (Zurich or Geneva) under an air waybill
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issues
- Air waybill (outbound)
UnverifiedNot recordedResearcher's note: Carrier practice. Cantonal licensing: in the Canton of Zurich "Sicherheitstransporte von Personen, Gütern und Wertsachen" require a licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page, read by WebFetch 2026-09-28; PolG text not read). Geneva and other cantons not checked. No Swiss source read describes the outbound air leg for gold.
Supplier onboarding and customs import
Applies when: country receives bars or doré
Assay, pay, re-refine and stamp
Applies when: country refines to LBMA Good Delivery
- Assay
Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Needs
- Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner
- Issues
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion
StandardNot recordedLegal basis: Fire assay standard practice
Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.
- Payment
Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Needs
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
- Issues
- Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty
SecondaryLegal basis: Refining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103
No source recorded - Refining
Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Needs
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
StandardNot recordedTranscriptionLegal basis: LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)
Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).
- Refining
Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7
Researcher's note: Serial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.
- Reporting
File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report
- Who
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issues
- LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report
StandardNot recordedTranscriptionLegal basis: LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l
Researcher's note: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).
Licences and registrations
Licence to trade commercially in banking precious metals (makes the refiner an AMLA financial intermediary supervised by the Central Office)
Central Office licence
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- Central Office for Precious Metals Control
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: PMCA (SR 941.31); AMLA, PMCA Art. 42bis(1); AMLA Art. 2(2)(g), Art. 12 let. bter
Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Art. 42bis was inserted by the Financial Institutions Act of 15 June 2018 (AS 2018 5247, 2019 4631); the current wording is in force since 1 Jan 2023 (EMKG footnote 60). The date the original insertion took effect is not printed, so validFrom gives the current wording's date. Supervision: EMKG Art. 42ter(1) refers to GwG Art. 12 Bst. bter; GwG Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. g and Art. 12 Bst. bter read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG (Stand 1 Oct 2026) by WebFetch on 2026-09-28 (text not yet held).
Trade assayer licence (Handelsprüfer) - needed to import unmarked doré
Licence; reportable material changes
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- Central Office for Precious Metals Control
- Valid for
- ongoing
Official guidanceNot recordedLegal basis: PMCA (SR 941.31), Art. 41 (trade assayer: federal assayer diploma, Swiss residence, good repute)
Researcher's note: The licence and its conditions are EMKG Art. 41 (federal assayer diploma, residence in Switzerland, good repute). The rule that only trade assayers may import unmarked melt products is BAZG practice since 1 Jan 2020 (BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019; R-247 s.3.4.2; BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.7), not in Art. 41 itself.
LBMA Good Delivery List membership
Good Delivery List listing
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- LBMA
- Valid for
- subject to proactive monitoring, referee assessment
StandardNot recordedTranscriptionLegal basis: LBMA Good Delivery List Rules (private industry standard, not Swiss law)
LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance compliance (mandatory for GD-listed refiners)
Annual assurance report filed with LBMA
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- LBMA, independent assurance provider
- Valid for
- annual independent assurance report
StandardNot recordedTranscriptionLegal basis: LBMA RGG v9 (v10 in consultation, June 2026)
Researcher's note: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies from 1 Jan 2022 (full implementation by 31 Dec 2022) until RGG v10 takes effect: the v10 consultation ran 10 Jun-10 Jul 2026, implementation runs 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, and the first v10 audits cover the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027.
AMLA financial-intermediary status, full KYC programme
Internal AML organisation, CDB 20 compliance
- Held by
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- Issued by
- FINMA
- Valid for
- ongoing
Official guidanceNot recordedLegal basis: Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG, SR 955.0), Art. 2
Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] AMLA Art. 2 and the 1998 in-force date are not in the source cited (SBA client information page, which names the AMLA only). GwG Art. 12 Bst. a (FINMA supervises intermediaries under Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a-dquater) was read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG Stand 1 Oct 2026 by WebFetch on 2026-09-28; Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a was not read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends many articles (Arts. 2, 4-6, 8a-8d, 9, 12, 14, 17, 18 and others); effects on bank duties not assessed.
FINMA banking licence
Banking licence
- Held by
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- Issued by
- FINMA
- Valid for
- ongoing
UnverifiedLegal basis: Banking Act
Researcher's note: [not-read] The Banking Act (SR 952.0) was not obtained or read; no source is cited. The earlier validFrom 1934-01-01 had no source and was removed.
No source recordedCO Art. 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence duty (if volume threshold met)
Public report, retained accessible >=10 years
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- Self-reporting, independent expert audit
- Valid for
- annual
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: Swiss Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l (as referenced in the DDTrO); Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO/VSoTr, SR 221.433), DDTrO Arts. 3-4 (check and exemption quantities), Arts. 10, 12, 14-16 (supply chain policy, traceability, reporting procedure, risk management, annual audit), Annex 1 (gold ex 7108: 100 kg/year)
Researcher's note: Threshold read in the held DDTrO (English, Status 1 Jan 2022); the official German consolidation Stand 1 Jan 2024 keeps 100 kg/year for gold (checked 2026-09-28). [not-read] The Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l were not read; [unconfirmed] the report publication and 10-year retention come from CO Art. 964l, not read in this session.
Melter's stamp (Stempelzeichen / Schmelzerzeichen) deposited with the Central Office
Stamp on every melt product; the die is deposited with the Central Office and the deposit published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 31(1)); form: name of the holder with the word 'SCHMELZER' (BAZG)
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- Central Office for Precious Metals Control
- Valid for
- Same duration as the melt licence (BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.4.1.2)
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31); EMKV (SR 941.311), EMKG Art. 31(1); EMKV Art. 169 (as cited by BAZG)
Researcher's note: Corrected 2026-09-28: this credential was a "registered responsibility mark (Verantwortlichkeitsmarke)". Under the EMKG the responsibility mark (Arts. 9-12, registration for 20 years) is borne by precious-metal wares; melt products (bars) carry the melter's stamp (Art. 31). EMKV Art. 169 was read only as cited by the BAZG; the EMKV text is not yet held.
Melter's licence (Schmelzbewilligung)
Melt licence; grant and withdrawal published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 26(3))
- Held by
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- Issued by
- Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)
- Valid for
- Four years, renewable (EMKG Art. 26(1)); withdrawn if conditions lapse or duties are repeatedly breached (Art. 26(2))
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG/PMCA, SR 941.31) of 20 June 1933, Art. 24 (licence), Art. 25 (conditions), Art. 26(1) (granted for four years, renewable)
Researcher's note: validFrom is the in-force date of the EMKG (1 July 1934); Art. 24 has its current wording since 1 June 2008 (EMKG footnote 38).
Licence to operate a free port (or open customs warehouse)
BAZG licence (may carry conditions)
- Held by
- Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)
- Issued by
- Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG)
- Valid for
- Licence issued for 10 years (BAZG free-port directive); the directive also sets fees for the first issue and for renewal (see note)
Primary lawLegal basis: Swiss Customs Act (ZG) (articles in refs)
Researcher's note: The official fedlex consolidation of the ZG is now held and read: a licence of the BAZG is needed to operate a free port and to operate an open customs warehouse, and it may carry conditions. The licence term is read in the BAZG free-port directive (official guidance). The same directive sets a fee for the first issue and a lower fee for renewal, written in francs as Fr.; the verifier does not read Fr. as CHF and part of the fee table is not matched in the held text, so the fee figures are not stated here and must be read in the directive. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force; date not set) makes free ports one kind of customs warehouse licensed by the BAZG and will replace these provisions when in force.
No source recorded
Taxes and fees
Customs duty on gold
HS 7108
- Rate
- 0%
Official guidanceNot recordedImport VAT on gold
Gold and gold alloys under MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12: (a) state-minted gold coins of tariff nos. 7118.9010, 9705.3100, 9705.3900; (b) investment gold of at least 995 fineness as cast bars bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter, or stamped plates; (c) granules of at least 995 packed and sealed by a recognised assayer-melter; (d) gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining or recovery, and gold waste and scrap; (e) alloys under (d) with 2% or more gold
- Rate
- Exempt
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 53(1)(m) (import) with Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12
Controls
A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in gold must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. For precious metals and precious stones the threshold is lower than for other goods.
- Kind
- Anti-money laundering
No confidence level recordedNo source recordedCommercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed by a control office or a trade assayer and marked with the fineness and the assayer's stamp; putting melt products on the market without fineness or melter/assayer mark is an offence (Art. 47).
- Kind
- Other
- Valid from
- 1934-07-01
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48
Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified with particular care, and the goods kept unaltered until the case is clarified. They must take organisational measures against melting material of unlawful origin, keep a purchase book of melt material and melt products, and keep the business documents for the period the EMKV sets (zehn Jahren). Articles in refs.
- Kind
- Conflict-area due diligence
Primary lawLegal basis: PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs)
Researcher's note: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server; the same duties are restated in the BAZG documentation on melting and assaying and in the BAZG melter due-diligence directive (official guidance). In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.
No source recordedPurchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the granting of financial resources. Gold-containing products (Annex 27) exported from Russia to Switzerland after 4 Aug 2022 are covered too.
- Kind
- Sanctions
- Valid from
- 2022-08-04
Primary lawNot recordedLegal basis: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d
Researcher's note: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 re-read in the held unofficial English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024); dates and verbs confirmed. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is Stand 21 Sep 2026 (about ninety consolidations since March 2024); Art. 14d there was not read (fetch tool truncates), so amendments after March 2024 are not ruled out. Official text listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv.
Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on request.
- Kind
- Other
Primary lawLegal basis: Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs)
Researcher's note: The Annex 2 entry for pearls, diamonds, precious stones, precious metals and precious-metal plating and articles thereof (ex tariff chapter 71) is read in the amending act of 18 November 2015 (held), in force 1 January 2016. [unconfirmed] The current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to Annex 2 or to the free-port articles are not ruled out. [unconfirmed] Whether the same rules apply in open customs warehouses: the articles read speak only of free ports. The BAZG free-port directive adds that export goods count as sensitive goods.
No source recordedBanks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).
- Kind
- Anti-money laundering
- Threshold
- CHF 15,000 cash
StandardNot recordedLegal basis: CDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28
A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in goods must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. Precious metals and precious stones have a lower threshold (commodity facts).
- Kind
- Anti-money laundering
No confidence level recordedNo source recordedMelt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per case and possible licence withdrawal.
- Kind
- Import restriction
Official guidanceNot recordedLegal basis: BAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)
Where practice departs from the law
What credible sources show happening that the law does not provide for.
The Federal Council (2018) acknowledged that for large imports from the UAE the dispatch country is sometimes declared instead of the actual origin.
Official guidanceNot recorded
What we could not obtain
Documents the research needed and could not get, where they might be, and why.
Current consolidated Customs Ordinance Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) — the "ex 71 precious metals" entry was read only in the 2015 amending act.
- Missing document
- Zollverordnung (ZV, SR 631.01), Stand 1 October 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
- Where it might be
- https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/250/20241001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-250-20241001-de-pdf-a.pdf
- Why not obtained
- Identified 2026-09-28 on the fedlex linked-data endpoint; the fetch tool truncates the PDF/HTML at Art. 99-112e and the download run saved only a JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv for download on the Mac host.
Official EMKV text (SR 941.311) for Arts. 164-178 (melt licence duties, purchase book, marking, recognition of foreign assays, bank precious metals).
- Missing document
- Edelmetallkontrollverordnung (EMKV, SR 941.311), Stand 1 January 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
- Where it might be
- https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/50/363_375_420/20240101/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-50-363_375_420-20240101-de-pdf-a.pdf
- Why not obtained
- The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell; the fetch tool truncates the official text before Art. 168a. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
Official AMLA/GwG text (SR 955.0): current Stand 1 March 2024 and the consolidation Stand 1 October 2026 (wide amendments in force from 1 Oct 2026).
- Missing document
- Geldwäschereigesetz (GwG, SR 955.0), Stand 1 March 2024 and Stand 1 October 2026
- Where it might be
- https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1998/892_892_892/20261001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1998-892_892_892-20261001-de-pdf-a.pdf
- Why not obtained
- The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell (the listed droit-bilingue page failed). Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
Licensing of secure-transport carriers (cantonal). Zurich: licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page read); the PolG text and the Geneva/Romandie rules (Concordat on private security companies) not read.
- Missing document
- Polizeigesetz des Kantons Zürich (PolG), 9. Abschnitt; Geneva Concordat sur les entreprises de sécurité
- Where it might be
- https://www.zh.ch/de/wirtschaft-arbeit/gewerbe-betriebsbewilligungen/private-sicherheitsunternehmen.html ; https://www.lexfind.ch
- Why not obtained
- Attempted 2026-09-28: the Zurich page was read (licence required for "Sicherheitstransporte ... Wertsachen"); the cantonal statute texts were not fetched in this session (cantonal law is outside the federal library built here).
- Affects
- ch.st-49
Official current text of the Ukraine sanctions ordinance (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d and Annexes 26-27; only an unofficial English translation as at 22 Mar 2024 is held.
- Missing document
- Verordnung über Massnahmen im Zusammenhang mit der Situation in der Ukraine, Stand 21 September 2026
- Where it might be
- https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2022/151/20260921/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2022-151-20260921-de-pdf-a-1.pdf
- Why not obtained
- The fetch tool truncates the official PDF/HTML before Art. 14d. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
- Affects
- ch.ctl-russia-goldch.st-44
Official Customs Act text (ZG, SR 631.0) for Arts. 25-29, 38, 53-54, 62-66, 69 (declaration, assessment notice, customs warehouses, free ports).
- Missing document
- Zollgesetz (ZG, SR 631.0), Stand 1 September 2023 (current fedlex consolidation)
- Where it might be
- https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/249/20230901/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-249-20230901-de-pdf-a-4.pdf
- Why not obtained
- The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
Routes through Switzerland
- United Arab Emirates to Switzerland
- Burkina Faso to Switzerland
- Brazil to Switzerland
- Switzerland to China
- Switzerland to United Kingdom
- Switzerland to Hong Kong SAR China
- Switzerland to India
- Switzerland to United States
- Colombia to Switzerland
- United Kingdom to Switzerland
- Ghana to Switzerland
- Peru to Switzerland
- Uzbekistan to Switzerland
Country pairs
- United Arab Emirates to Switzerland
- Burkina Faso to Switzerland
- Brazil to Switzerland
- Switzerland to China
- Switzerland to United Kingdom
- Switzerland to Hong Kong SAR China
- Switzerland to India
- Switzerland to United States
- Colombia to Switzerland
- United Kingdom to Switzerland
- Ghana to Switzerland
- Peru to Switzerland
- Uzbekistan to Switzerland
Sources
Every source this country's research cites, with how much of it was read and how.
- Bundesgesetz über die Kontrolle des Verkehrs mit Edelmetallen und Edelmetallwaren (Edelmetallkontrollgesetz, EMKG) vom 20. Juni 1933Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- Bundesgesetz über die Kontrolle des Verkehrs mit Edelmetallen und Edelmetallwaren (Edelmetallkontrollgesetz, EMKG) vom 20. Juni 1933Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- Bundesgesetz über die Kontrolle des Verkehrs mit Edelmetallen und Edelmetallwaren (Edelmetallkontrollgesetz, EMKG) vom 20. Juni 1933Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- Vorschriften über Schmelzen und Prüfen von EdelmetallenOpen the sourceNot recordedTextBundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit BAZG, Zentralamt für Edelmetallkontrolle · Read 2026-09-28
- Richtlinie R-247 — Richtlinie zur Anwendung des Edelmetallkontrollgesetzes für Inhaber von Schmelz- und HandelsprüferbewilligungenOpen the sourceNot recordedTextBundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit BAZG, Zentralamt für Edelmetallkontrolle · Read 2026-09-28
- Regulation 946.231.176.72 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine dated 4 March 2022 (as at 22 March 2024) — courtesy translation 03/06/24Open the sourceNot recordedTextSwiss Federal Council (translation by an unnamed third party; not official) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Printed pagination runs to "162 / 182" and the last appendix in the copy is Appendix 32; the rest of the 182-page original may be missing. Read only in part this session (Art. 14d, Annexes 26–27).
- Zollverordnung (ZV) — Änderung vom 18. November 2015Open the sourceNot recordedTextSchweizerischer Bundesrat · Read 2026-09-28
- Richtlinie R-249 — Weisungen zur Geldwäschereiverordnung-BAZG inklusive PrüfanweisungenOpen the sourceNot recordedTextBundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit BAZG, Zentralamt für Edelmetallkontrolle · Read 2026-09-28
- Einfuhr von nicht bezeichneten Schmelzprodukten aus EdelmetallenOpen the sourceNot recordedTextEidgenössische Zollverwaltung EZV, Zentralamt für Edelmetallkontrolle (letter to the trade associations) · Read 2026-09-28
- Good Delivery List Rules — Conditions for Listing for Good Delivery Refiners (© The London Bullion Market Association, January 2021)Open the sourceNot recordedTranscriptionLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Line drawings on pp. 33–35 are images (labels transcribed below the page marker; the dimension figures of the silver end-stamp drawing on p. 35 are not transcribed); logos in Annex H are images
- LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance v9Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Responsible Gold Guidance Version 10 (June 2026) — public consultation draft (file "RGGv10-Public-Consultation-1-FINAL")Open the sourceNot recordedTranscriptionLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Nothing else missing; the draft itself contains placeholders such as "[xx]" and "[one year]"
- Goldhandel und Verletzung der Menschenrechte — Bericht des Bundesrates in Erfüllung des Postulats Recordon 15.3877, 21.9.2015Open the sourceNot recordedTextDer Bundesrat / Le Conseil fédéral · Read 2026-09-28
- Allocated Precious Metals Accounts Agreement (template between "[NAME OF BANK]" and "[NAME OF CLIENT]")Open the sourceNot recordedOCRLondon Precious Metals Clearing Limited (LPMCL) — the text states it is "based upon the ALLOCATED PRECIOUS METALS ACCOUNTS AGREEMENT as published by London Precious Metals Clearing Limited" · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Nothing missing after label recovery (43 labels)
- Unallocated Precious Metals Accounts Agreement (template between "[NAME OF BANK]" and "[NAME OF CLIENT]")Open the sourceNot recordedOCRLondon Precious Metals Clearing Limited (LPMCL) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Nothing missing after label recovery (36 labels)
- Good Delivery List Rules — Conditions for Listing for Good Delivery Refiners (© The London Bullion Market Association, January 2026)Open the sourceNot recordedTranscriptionLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Line drawings on pp. 36–40 are images (labels transcribed below the page marker; drawn dimensions listed); logos in the brand guidelines are images
- Bundesgesetz über die Mehrwertsteuer (Mehrwertsteuergesetz, MWSTG) vom 12. Juni 2009Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- Bundesgesetz über die Mehrwertsteuer (Mehrwertsteuergesetz, MWSTG) vom 12. Juni 2009Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- Richtlinie 10-10 AusfuhrzollveranlagungsverfahrenOpen the sourceNot recordedTextBundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit BAZG, Warenverkehr · Read 2026-09-28
- Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland — Merkblatt für Ankäufer von Altedelmetallen und Inhaber von SchmelzbewilligungenOpen the sourceNot recordedTextBundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit BAZG, Zentralamt für Edelmetallkontrolle (Aufsicht EMK) · Read 2026-09-28
- Passar Ausfuhr (Passar 1.0)Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit (BAZG) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Linked files (XLSX data fields, Lesehilfe) not held; R-10-10 is held.
- PMCO Art. 168c (droit-bilingue reproduction)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Bundesgesetz über die Mehrwertsteuer (Mehrwertsteuergesetz, MWSTG) — Änderung vom 16. Juni 2023Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft (Nationalrat and Ständerat, 16 June 2023) · Read 2026-09-28
- Mehrwertsteuerverordnung (MWSTV) vom 27. November 2009Open the sourceNot recordedTextDer Schweizerische Bundesrat · Read 2026-09-28
- Bundesgesetz über den Allgemeinen Teil der Abgabenerhebung und die Kontrolle des grenzüberschreitenden Waren- und Personenverkehrs durch das Bundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit (BAZG-Vollzugsaufgabengesetz, BAZG-VG) vom 20. Juni 2025Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- Bundesgesetz über den Allgemeinen Teil der Abgabenerhebung und die Kontrolle des grenzüberschreitenden Waren- und Personenverkehrs durch das Bundesamt für Zoll und Grenzsicherheit (BAZG-Vollzugsaufgabengesetz, BAZG-VG) vom 20. Juni 2025Open the sourceNot recordedTextBundesversammlung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft · Read 2026-09-28
- ASTM E1335-24 — Standard Test Methods for Determination of Gold in Bullion by Fire Assay Cupellation Analysis (ASTM store product page)Open the sourceNot recordedTextASTM International, Subcommittee E01.05 · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: The standard itself (7 pages, sold at $72) is NOT held — only the abstract shown on the store page (Scope 1.1–1.5 and Significance and Use 4.1). Test-method sections 10–28 not seen
- Valcambi - Assaying / Analysis ProcessOpen the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- LBMA Good Delivery Rules: Technical Specifications (gold, s.2.1.7 Marks)Open the sourceNot recordedNot statedLBMA
- Swiss Banking - Information for bank clients (CDB 20 context)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Agreement on the Swiss banks' code of conduct with regard to the exercise of due diligence (CDB 20)Open the sourceNot recordedTextSwiss Bankers Association (SBA) and the signatory banks (English version) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Not checked page by page (68 pages); read only in part this session.
- Swiss Bankers Association - fight against money laundering (CDB revision status)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency in relation to Minerals and Metals from Conflict-Affected Areas and Child Labour (DDTrO) of 3 December 2021 (Status as of 1 January 2022)Open the sourceNot recordedTextSwiss Federal Council (fedlex English translation, "no legal force") · Read 2026-09-28
- Precious Metal ControlOpen the sourceNot recordedTextFederal Office for Customs and Border Security (FOCBS/BAZG) · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Sub-pages linked from the page not held.
- Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 182Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 184Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Swiss Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- LBMA RGG v9 Step 2 (KYC, ASM, intermediate refiners, site visits)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- LBMA Due Diligence Checklist — Mined Material ("Updated April 2024")Open the sourceNot recordedTextLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) — Refiners' Toolkit · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Nothing missing (tick boxes shown as ☐)
- LBMA Responsible Sourcing Programme — MSM/LSM Site Visit Report, V3, 27.09.2021 (cover "Updated Feb 2024"; inner pages "Updated April 2024")Open the sourceNot recordedTextLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) — Refiners' Toolkit · Read 2026-09-28
Missing from this copy: Nothing missing; form fields shown as dotted lines
- PMCO Art. 168b (droit-bilingue reproduction)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- PMCO Art. 178 (droit-bilingue reproduction)Open the sourceNot recordedNot stated
- Kanton Zürich — Private Sicherheitsunternehmen (licensing page)Open the sourceNot recordedNot statedKanton Zürich, Sicherheitsdirektion