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Gold

Switzerland

Checked 2026-09-28 · Version r1 · Migrated, not yet reviewed

Public law and official guidance, published as research. Not legal, tax or financial advice.

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World's main refining hub. Import needs a formal (electronic) declaration; gold of the forms listed in MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12 (incl. investment bars of 995+ with a recognised assayer-melter stamp and raw gold for refining) is VAT-exempt on import since 1 Jan 2025 (Art. 53(1)(m)); refiners hold a four-year melt licence (EMKG Art. 24-26), a trade-assayer licence and, for bank precious metals, an EMKG Art. 42bis licence, with EMKV 168a-c origin duties; LBMA Good Delivery refining; bank sale under CDB 20 and the AMLA.

How sure this page is

  • Primary law 31
  • Official guidance 7
  • Standard 8
  • Secondary 3
  • Unverified 2
  • No confidence level recorded 7
  • Researcher's note 29
  • Not recorded 43
  • Text 25
  • OCR 2
  • Transcription 3
  • Not stated 13

Regulators

  • The purchasing Swiss bank

    CDB 20 identification, AMLA KYC/source-of-funds, bar acceptance policy

    No confidence level recorded
    No source recorded
  • Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)

    Melter's licence, trade-assayer licence, responsibility-mark registration, purchaser registration (PMCA/PMCO)

    No confidence level recorded
    No source recorded
  • Federal Tax Administration (ESTV/FTA-CH)

    Import VAT, investment-gold exemption

    No confidence level recorded
    No source recorded
  • FINMA / SRO (e.g. VQF)

    AMLA supervision of financial intermediaries and precious-metal dealers

    No confidence level recorded
    No source recorded
  • LBMA (London Bullion Market Association)

    Good Delivery List accreditation, Responsible Gold Guidance (private industry standard, not Swiss law)

    No confidence level recorded
    No source recorded

Laws

  • AS 2015 4917 - ZV amendment incl. Annex 2 (sensitive goods: ex 71 precious metals)

    Kind
    Ordinance
    In force from
    2016-01-01
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • AMLA/GwG (Anti-Money Laundering Act): record keeping (Dokumentationspflicht; article in refs)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary law

    Researcher's note: The official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch.

    No source recorded
  • BAZG-Vollzugsaufgabengesetz (BAZG-VG) of 20 June 2025 — adopted, not in force

    Will replace the customs procedure law of the Zollgesetz (ZG) together with the Zollabgabengesetz (ZoG) and amend the MWSTG and EMKG; in force on a date the Federal Council sets.

    Citation
    BBl 2025 2035
    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO)

    Citation
    SR 221.433
    Kind
    Ordinance
    In force from
    2022-01-01
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • AS 2024 438 - VAT Act amendment (Art. 23 para 2 no. 12, Art. 53 para 1 let. m), in force 1 Jan 2025

    Kind
    Act
    In force from
    2025-01-01
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • VAT Ordinance (MWSTV) consolidated 1 Jan 2025 - Art. 44 repealed

    Kind
    Regulation
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • EMKG/PMCA (Precious Metals Control Act, SR 941.31) Art. 20 (import)

    Citation
    SR 941.31
    Kind
    Act
    Primary law

    Researcher's note: Held as an official fedlex consolidation; the later consolidation does not change this article (law header).

    No source recorded
  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 31a

    Citation
    SR 941.31
    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31) Art. 42bis

    Citation
    SR 941.31
    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • PMCO/EMKV (Precious Metals Control Ordinance): acceptance of melt material (article in refs)

    Kind
    Ordinance
    Primary law

    Researcher's note: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

    No source recorded
  • PMCO Art. 168b (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    Kind
    Ordinance
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • PMCO Art. 168c (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    Kind
    Ordinance
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • PMCO Art. 178 (read on droit-bilingue.ch; official text not yet held)

    Kind
    Ordinance
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • Swiss Customs Act (ZG): open customs warehouses (articles in refs)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary law

    Researcher's note: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the ZG held on the server.

    No source recorded
  • Swiss Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 178a (customs declaration for sensitive goods), as inserted by the amendment of 18 November 2015

    Kind
    Regulation
    Primary law

    Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Read in the amending act; the current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to this article are not ruled out.

    No source recorded
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 182

    Kind
    Regulation
    Primary lawNot recorded
  • Swiss Customs Ordinance (ZV) Art. 184

    Kind
    Regulation
    Primary lawNot recorded

Laws concerning gold in Switzerland

From the law library: the laws tagged with this commodity, with their sources. They are not research findings; the sections above are.

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Procedures

Bank onboarding, title transfer and settlement

Applies when: country is where the bars are sold to a bank

  1. Reporting

    Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening

    Who
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    Issues
    Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
    StandardNot recorded

    Legal basis: AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)

    Researcher's note: Downgraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.

  2. Custody

    Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title

    Who
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    Needs
    Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities
    Issues
    Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)
    SecondaryNot recordedTranscription

    Researcher's note: A bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.

  3. Payment

    Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated

    Who
    Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
    Issues
    Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)
    Secondary
    No source recorded

Free-port storage (optional)

Applies when: country stores under customs control

    Export of refined bars (or re-export of stored bars)

    Applies when: gold leaves Switzerland after refining or storage

    1. Due diligence

      Screen the bars, buyer and destination against Swiss sanctions before release: no purchase, import, transit or related services (including brokerage and financing) for gold of Russian origin exported after 4 Aug 2022 or gold processed from it in third countries

      Who
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      Primary lawNot recorded

      Legal basis: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

      Researcher's note: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 read in an unofficial third-party English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024, held in laws/); Annex 26 covers 7108, 7112 91 and ex 7118 90 gold coins; Annex 27 ex 7113 and ex 7114. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is now Stand 21 Sep 2026 and was not read (the fetch tool truncates before Art. 14d); changes after March 2024 are not ruled out. The ordinance contains no explicit ban on selling gold to Russia; the export-side effect is through the services ban.

    2. Custody

      Release the bars from the refinery vault or free port against the owner's instruction and prepare the weight list (bar list), commercial invoice and packing list for the shipment

      Who
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      Issues
      Outbound weight list / bar list; Commercial invoice to the foreign buyer; Packing list
      StandardNot recordedTranscription

      Legal basis: LBMA Good Delivery Rules, Annex C (weight lists); Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

      Researcher's note: The weight list is sourced to LBMA Annex C; commercial invoice and packing list are standard export practice, not read in a Swiss source.

    3. Customs

      Lodge the electronic export declaration in Passar (HS 7108; e-dec Export was usable only to end-2025); the declarant must make it binding and physically export the goods within 120 days of its acceptance in the IT system

      Who
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      Issues
      Passar export declaration (HS 7108)
      Official guidanceNot recorded

      Legal basis: Customs Act (ZG, SR 631.0); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 25-29 (as cited in R-10-10)

      Researcher's note: R-10-10 (valid 1 Jan 2026) cites Art. 25-29 ZG and Art. 79-83 ZV for the declaration duty, says declarations are electronic in principle, and sets the 120-day limit from acceptance in the IT system. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28; the Customs Act and Ordinance texts themselves were not read. R-10-10 has no gold-specific rule.

    4. Customs

      Receive the export assessment notice (Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr), the evidence that the goods were properly cleared for export

      Who
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      Official guidanceNot recorded

      Legal basis: Customs Act (ZG); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 38 and 69; ZV Art. 92 (as cited in R-10-10)

      Researcher's note: R-10-10 cites Art. 38 and 69 ZG and Art. 92 ZV for the export assessment notice and says it is evidence of proper assessment and of export for VAT. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28.

    5. Tax

      Treat the sale as a VAT-exempt export (supply of goods directly transported abroad) and keep the export assessment notice as evidence

      Who
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      Primary lawNot recorded

      Legal basis: Federal VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 23(2) no. 1

      Researcher's note: Art. 23(2) no. 1 read in the held MWSTG (Stand 1 Jan 2025, German wording current). Art. 23(3): direct export includes export into an open customs warehouse or a free port. Investment gold of at least 995 fineness is separately exempt with credit under Art. 23(2) no. 12 (see ch.tax-import-vat).

    6. Transport

      Hand the sealed consignment to a secure valuables carrier and fly it out (Zurich or Geneva) under an air waybill

      Who
      Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
      Issues
      Air waybill (outbound)
      UnverifiedNot recorded

      Researcher's note: Carrier practice. Cantonal licensing: in the Canton of Zurich "Sicherheitstransporte von Personen, Gütern und Wertsachen" require a licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page, read by WebFetch 2026-09-28; PolG text not read). Geneva and other cantons not checked. No Swiss source read describes the outbound air leg for gold.

    Supplier onboarding and customs import

    Applies when: country receives bars or doré

      Assay, pay, re-refine and stamp

      Applies when: country refines to LBMA Good Delivery

      1. Assay

        Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar

        Who
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Needs
        Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner
        Issues
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion
        StandardNot recorded

        Legal basis: Fire assay standard practice

        Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.

      2. Payment

        Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content

        Who
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Needs
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
        Issues
        Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty
        Secondary

        Legal basis: Refining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103

        No source recorded
      3. Refining

        Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying

        Who
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Needs
        Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
        StandardNot recordedTranscription

        Legal basis: LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)

        Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).

      4. Refining

        Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year

        Who
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7

        Researcher's note: Serial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.

      5. Reporting

        File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report

        Who
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issues
        LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report
        StandardNot recordedTranscription

        Legal basis: LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l

        Researcher's note: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).

      Licences and registrations

      • Licence to trade commercially in banking precious metals (makes the refiner an AMLA financial intermediary supervised by the Central Office)

        Central Office licence

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: PMCA (SR 941.31); AMLA, PMCA Art. 42bis(1); AMLA Art. 2(2)(g), Art. 12 let. bter

        Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] Art. 42bis was inserted by the Financial Institutions Act of 15 June 2018 (AS 2018 5247, 2019 4631); the current wording is in force since 1 Jan 2023 (EMKG footnote 60). The date the original insertion took effect is not printed, so validFrom gives the current wording's date. Supervision: EMKG Art. 42ter(1) refers to GwG Art. 12 Bst. bter; GwG Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. g and Art. 12 Bst. bter read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG (Stand 1 Oct 2026) by WebFetch on 2026-09-28 (text not yet held).

      • Trade assayer licence (Handelsprüfer) - needed to import unmarked doré

        Licence; reportable material changes

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        Valid for
        ongoing
        Official guidanceNot recorded

        Legal basis: PMCA (SR 941.31), Art. 41 (trade assayer: federal assayer diploma, Swiss residence, good repute)

        Researcher's note: The licence and its conditions are EMKG Art. 41 (federal assayer diploma, residence in Switzerland, good repute). The rule that only trade assayers may import unmarked melt products is BAZG practice since 1 Jan 2020 (BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019; R-247 s.3.4.2; BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.7), not in Art. 41 itself.

      • LBMA Good Delivery List membership

        Good Delivery List listing

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        LBMA
        Valid for
        subject to proactive monitoring, referee assessment
        StandardNot recordedTranscription

        Legal basis: LBMA Good Delivery List Rules (private industry standard, not Swiss law)

      • LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance compliance (mandatory for GD-listed refiners)

        Annual assurance report filed with LBMA

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        LBMA, independent assurance provider
        Valid for
        annual independent assurance report
        StandardNot recordedTranscription

        Legal basis: LBMA RGG v9 (v10 in consultation, June 2026)

        Researcher's note: [time-limited] RGG v9 applies from 1 Jan 2022 (full implementation by 31 Dec 2022) until RGG v10 takes effect: the v10 consultation ran 10 Jun-10 Jul 2026, implementation runs 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, and the first v10 audits cover the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027.

      • AMLA financial-intermediary status, full KYC programme

        Internal AML organisation, CDB 20 compliance

        Held by
        Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
        Issued by
        FINMA
        Valid for
        ongoing
        Official guidanceNot recorded

        Legal basis: Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG, SR 955.0), Art. 2

        Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] AMLA Art. 2 and the 1998 in-force date are not in the source cited (SBA client information page, which names the AMLA only). GwG Art. 12 Bst. a (FINMA supervises intermediaries under Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a-dquater) was read verbatim in the official fedlex GwG Stand 1 Oct 2026 by WebFetch on 2026-09-28; Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a was not read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends many articles (Arts. 2, 4-6, 8a-8d, 9, 12, 14, 17, 18 and others); effects on bank duties not assessed.

      • FINMA banking licence

        Banking licence

        Held by
        Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
        Issued by
        FINMA
        Valid for
        ongoing
        Unverified

        Legal basis: Banking Act

        Researcher's note: [not-read] The Banking Act (SR 952.0) was not obtained or read; no source is cited. The earlier validFrom 1934-01-01 had no source and was removed.

        No source recorded
      • CO Art. 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence duty (if volume threshold met)

        Public report, retained accessible >=10 years

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        Self-reporting, independent expert audit
        Valid for
        annual
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: Swiss Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l (as referenced in the DDTrO); Ordinance on Due Diligence and Transparency (DDTrO/VSoTr, SR 221.433), DDTrO Arts. 3-4 (check and exemption quantities), Arts. 10, 12, 14-16 (supply chain policy, traceability, reporting procedure, risk management, annual audit), Annex 1 (gold ex 7108: 100 kg/year)

        Researcher's note: Threshold read in the held DDTrO (English, Status 1 Jan 2022); the official German consolidation Stand 1 Jan 2024 keeps 100 kg/year for gold (checked 2026-09-28). [not-read] The Code of Obligations Arts. 964j-964l were not read; [unconfirmed] the report publication and 10-year retention come from CO Art. 964l, not read in this session.

      • Melter's stamp (Stempelzeichen / Schmelzerzeichen) deposited with the Central Office

        Stamp on every melt product; the die is deposited with the Central Office and the deposit published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 31(1)); form: name of the holder with the word 'SCHMELZER' (BAZG)

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control
        Valid for
        Same duration as the melt licence (BAZG Vorschriften Dec 2023 s.4.1.2)
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31); EMKV (SR 941.311), EMKG Art. 31(1); EMKV Art. 169 (as cited by BAZG)

        Researcher's note: Corrected 2026-09-28: this credential was a "registered responsibility mark (Verantwortlichkeitsmarke)". Under the EMKG the responsibility mark (Arts. 9-12, registration for 20 years) is borne by precious-metal wares; melt products (bars) carry the melter's stamp (Art. 31). EMKV Art. 169 was read only as cited by the BAZG; the EMKV text is not yet held.

      • Melter's licence (Schmelzbewilligung)

        Melt licence; grant and withdrawal published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (EMKG Art. 26(3))

        Held by
        Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
        Issued by
        Central Office for Precious Metals Control (BAZG)
        Valid for
        Four years, renewable (EMKG Art. 26(1)); withdrawn if conditions lapse or duties are repeatedly breached (Art. 26(2))
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG/PMCA, SR 941.31) of 20 June 1933, Art. 24 (licence), Art. 25 (conditions), Art. 26(1) (granted for four years, renewable)

        Researcher's note: validFrom is the in-force date of the EMKG (1 July 1934); Art. 24 has its current wording since 1 June 2008 (EMKG footnote 38).

      • Licence to operate a free port (or open customs warehouse)

        BAZG licence (may carry conditions)

        Held by
        Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)
        Issued by
        Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (BAZG)
        Valid for
        Licence issued for 10 years (BAZG free-port directive); the directive also sets fees for the first issue and for renewal (see note)
        Primary law

        Legal basis: Swiss Customs Act (ZG) (articles in refs)

        Researcher's note: The official fedlex consolidation of the ZG is now held and read: a licence of the BAZG is needed to operate a free port and to operate an open customs warehouse, and it may carry conditions. The licence term is read in the BAZG free-port directive (official guidance). The same directive sets a fee for the first issue and a lower fee for renewal, written in francs as Fr.; the verifier does not read Fr. as CHF and part of the fee table is not matched in the held text, so the fee figures are not stated here and must be read in the directive. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force; date not set) makes free ports one kind of customs warehouse licensed by the BAZG and will replace these provisions when in force.

        No source recorded

      Taxes and fees

      • Customs duty on gold

        HS 7108

        Rate
        0%
        Official guidanceNot recorded
      • Import VAT on gold

        Gold and gold alloys under MWSTG Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12: (a) state-minted gold coins of tariff nos. 7118.9010, 9705.3100, 9705.3900; (b) investment gold of at least 995 fineness as cast bars bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter, or stamped plates; (c) granules of at least 995 packed and sealed by a recognised assayer-melter; (d) gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining or recovery, and gold waste and scrap; (e) alloys under (d) with 2% or more gold

        Rate
        Exempt
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 53(1)(m) (import) with Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12

      Controls

      • A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in gold must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. For precious metals and precious stones the threshold is lower than for other goods.

        Kind
        Anti-money laundering
        No confidence level recorded
        No source recorded
      • Commercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed by a control office or a trade assayer and marked with the fineness and the assayer's stamp; putting melt products on the market without fineness or melter/assayer mark is an offence (Art. 47).

        Kind
        Other
        Valid from
        1934-07-01
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48

      • Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified with particular care, and the goods kept unaltered until the case is clarified. They must take organisational measures against melting material of unlawful origin, keep a purchase book of melt material and melt products, and keep the business documents for the period the EMKV sets (zehn Jahren). Articles in refs.

        Kind
        Conflict-area due diligence
        Primary law

        Legal basis: PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs)

        Researcher's note: Read in the official fedlex consolidation of the EMKV held on the server; the same duties are restated in the BAZG documentation on melting and assaying and in the BAZG melter due-diligence directive (official guidance). In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

        No source recorded
      • Purchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the granting of financial resources. Gold-containing products (Annex 27) exported from Russia to Switzerland after 4 Aug 2022 are covered too.

        Kind
        Sanctions
        Valid from
        2022-08-04
        Primary lawNot recorded

        Legal basis: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

        Researcher's note: [transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 re-read in the held unofficial English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024); dates and verbs confirmed. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is Stand 21 Sep 2026 (about ninety consolidations since March 2024); Art. 14d there was not read (fetch tool truncates), so amendments after March 2024 are not ruled out. Official text listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv.

      • Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on request.

        Kind
        Other
        Primary law

        Legal basis: Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs)

        Researcher's note: The Annex 2 entry for pearls, diamonds, precious stones, precious metals and precious-metal plating and articles thereof (ex tariff chapter 71) is read in the amending act of 18 November 2015 (held), in force 1 January 2016. [unconfirmed] The current consolidated Customs Ordinance is not held on the server, so later amendments to Annex 2 or to the free-port articles are not ruled out. [unconfirmed] Whether the same rules apply in open customs warehouses: the articles read speak only of free ports. The BAZG free-port directive adds that export goods count as sensitive goods.

        No source recorded
      • Banks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).

        Kind
        Anti-money laundering
        Threshold
        CHF 15,000 cash
        StandardNot recorded

        Legal basis: CDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28

      • A dealer who accepts cash above the threshold in a trade in goods must identify the contracting party, establish the beneficial owner and keep records; instalments that together exceed the threshold count. Precious metals and precious stones have a lower threshold (commodity facts).

        Kind
        Anti-money laundering
        No confidence level recorded
        No source recorded
      • Melt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per case and possible licence withdrawal.

        Kind
        Import restriction
        Official guidanceNot recorded

        Legal basis: BAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)

      Where practice departs from the law

      What credible sources show happening that the law does not provide for.

      • The Federal Council (2018) acknowledged that for large imports from the UAE the dispatch country is sometimes declared instead of the actual origin.

        Official guidanceNot recorded

      What we could not obtain

      Documents the research needed and could not get, where they might be, and why.

      • Current consolidated Customs Ordinance Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) — the "ex 71 precious metals" entry was read only in the 2015 amending act.

        Missing document
        Zollverordnung (ZV, SR 631.01), Stand 1 October 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
        Where it might be
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/250/20241001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-250-20241001-de-pdf-a.pdf
        Why not obtained
        Identified 2026-09-28 on the fedlex linked-data endpoint; the fetch tool truncates the PDF/HTML at Art. 99-112e and the download run saved only a JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv for download on the Mac host.
      • Official EMKV text (SR 941.311) for Arts. 164-178 (melt licence duties, purchase book, marking, recognition of foreign assays, bank precious metals).

        Missing document
        Edelmetallkontrollverordnung (EMKV, SR 941.311), Stand 1 January 2024 (current fedlex consolidation)
        Where it might be
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/50/363_375_420/20240101/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-50-363_375_420-20240101-de-pdf-a.pdf
        Why not obtained
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell; the fetch tool truncates the official text before Art. 168a. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Official AMLA/GwG text (SR 955.0): current Stand 1 March 2024 and the consolidation Stand 1 October 2026 (wide amendments in force from 1 Oct 2026).

        Missing document
        Geldwäschereigesetz (GwG, SR 955.0), Stand 1 March 2024 and Stand 1 October 2026
        Where it might be
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1998/892_892_892/20261001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1998-892_892_892-20261001-de-pdf-a.pdf
        Why not obtained
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell (the listed droit-bilingue page failed). Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Licensing of secure-transport carriers (cantonal). Zurich: licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page read); the PolG text and the Geneva/Romandie rules (Concordat on private security companies) not read.

        Missing document
        Polizeigesetz des Kantons Zürich (PolG), 9. Abschnitt; Geneva Concordat sur les entreprises de sécurité
        Where it might be
        https://www.zh.ch/de/wirtschaft-arbeit/gewerbe-betriebsbewilligungen/private-sicherheitsunternehmen.html ; https://www.lexfind.ch
        Why not obtained
        Attempted 2026-09-28: the Zurich page was read (licence required for "Sicherheitstransporte ... Wertsachen"); the cantonal statute texts were not fetched in this session (cantonal law is outside the federal library built here).
        Affects
        ch.st-49
      • Official current text of the Ukraine sanctions ordinance (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d and Annexes 26-27; only an unofficial English translation as at 22 Mar 2024 is held.

        Missing document
        Verordnung über Massnahmen im Zusammenhang mit der Situation in der Ukraine, Stand 21 September 2026
        Where it might be
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2022/151/20260921/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2022-151-20260921-de-pdf-a-1.pdf
        Why not obtained
        The fetch tool truncates the official PDF/HTML before Art. 14d. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).
      • Official Customs Act text (ZG, SR 631.0) for Arts. 25-29, 38, 53-54, 62-66, 69 (declaration, assessment notice, customs warehouses, free ports).

        Missing document
        Zollgesetz (ZG, SR 631.0), Stand 1 September 2023 (current fedlex consolidation)
        Where it might be
        https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2007/249/20230901/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-2007-249-20230901-de-pdf-a-4.pdf
        Why not obtained
        The download run saved a fedlex JavaScript shell. Listed in laws/_work/ch-fetch.tsv (2026-09-28).

      Routes through Switzerland

      Country pairs

      Sources

      Every source this country's research cites, with how much of it was read and how.