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黄金

巴布亚新几内亚

核查于 2026-09-22 · 版本 r1 · 已审核

以研究形式发布的公开法律与官方指引，不构成法律、税务或金融建议。

研究内容本身以英文撰写。标题和标签已翻译，调查结果和引文未翻译。

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小规模采矿来源地工业采矿来源地

Alluvial and industrial gold origin. Citizens mine alluvial gold without a tenement on their own land (Mining Act s.9) or under 5-ha Alluvial Mining Leases; domestic gold trade needs no licence, but all gold exports need BPNG consent: an annual Gold Export Licence (9 alluvial exporters and 6 mining companies in 2024) plus a per-shipment Form G with an MRA-certified assay, then a Customs SAD. Proceeds in USD at LBMA spot, repatriated within 2 weeks (alluvial) or 3 months. Royalty 2% of FOB/NSR plus MRA production levy; draft Mining Bill 2025 (5%/10% royalty) and National Gold Corporation Bill not in force on the evidence found. Leakage and smuggling acknowledged by government in 2026.

本页的可信程度

  • 法律原文 15
  • 官方指引 47
  • 标准 1
  • 二手资料 7
  • 行业惯例 6
  • 未经核实 4
  • 未记录可信度等级 7
  • 研究备注 27
  • 无法访问 17
  • 未记录 25
  • 文本 12
  • OCR 2
  • 未说明 28

监管机构

  • Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG)

    Central bank; administers the Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000: Gold Export Licences (annual), per-shipment export authorisation (Form G), export-proceeds repatriation, appointment of authorised foreign-exchange dealers, cash export authority above K20,000

    网站
    https://www.bankpng.gov.pg
    未记录可信度等级无法访问

  • PNG Customs Service

    Export entry (SAD via ASYCUDA World, lodged by licensed customs broker), enforcement of prohibited-export items (gold needs BPNG written authority), certificate of clearance, currency declaration

    网站
    https://customs.gov.pg
    未记录可信度等级无法访问未记录

  • Department of Mineral Policy and Geohazards Management (DMPGM)

    Mining policy; drafted the Mining Bill 2025

    未记录可信度等级未记录

  • Financial Analysis and Supervision Unit (FASU), within BPNG

    Financial intelligence unit and sole AML/CFT supervisor under the AMLCTF Act 2015, including dealers in precious metals

    未记录可信度等级无法访问

  • Internal Revenue Commission (IRC)

    Income tax and GST; Tax File Number required on export declarations

    未记录可信度等级无法访问

  • Mineral Resources Authority (MRA)

    Tenement administration (exploration licences, mining leases, alluvial mining leases), production levy collection, small-scale mining support, certification of assays for gold exports; listed by Customs as the permit authority for mineral exports

    网站
    https://mra.gov.pg
    未记录可信度等级未记录无法访问

法律

  • Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Financing Act 2015

    Dealers in precious metals or stones are DNFBPs (s.5); CDD (ss.20-29); TTR for cash of K20,000 or more (s.39); SMR within 5 working days; records 7 years (ss.47-50)

    类型
    法案
    官方指引无法访问

    研究备注: Act not read directly; provisions from FASU guidance.

  • Central Banking Act 2000 (as amended 2021)

    Parent Act of the FX and Gold Regulation; cited by Customs as basis for gold export restriction

    类型
    法案
    官方指引无法访问

  • Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulation 1963

    Schedule item 13B: alluvial gold, concentrates and compounds incl. gold in pure form - written authority of BPNG; item 13A: currency above K20,000

    类型
    条例
    法律原文未记录无法访问

  • BPNG Foreign Exchange Manual (December 2023)

    FE Notice 17 (gold): domestic trade unrestricted; export >K5,000 needs licence and per-shipment authorisation, on consignment; FE Notice 6: repatriate and convert export proceeds within 3 months; FE Notice 8: K20,000 cash limit for travellers

    类型
    指引
    官方指引无法访问

  • Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000

    s.18 export of goods needs Central Bank authority; s.24 no gold may leave or enter PNG without BPNG written consent; s.25 gold holders must sell within one month to BPNG, an authorised dealer, or (with consent) abroad; s.26 purchase limited to BPNG/authorised dealers; s.33 penalties (K100,000 or 25% of value, or 5 years)

    类型
    条例
    法律原文无法访问

  • Mining Bill 2025 (draft, to replace the Mining Act 1992)

    Proposed: royalty 5% (State takes up to 30% equity) or 10% of gross revenue; alluvial mining reserved to citizens; mining refinery lease and 50% offer of product to local processors; social licence fee. Consultation 25 Feb-4 Apr 2025. No evidence found that it had been enacted by 22 Sep 2026.

    类型
    其他
    二手资料未记录

    研究备注: Enactment status at 2026-09-22 not confirmed; the June 2026 parliamentary exchange still refers to the MRA Act and the existing regime.

  • National Gold Corporation Bill 2024 (proposed)

    Proposed mandatory refining of all PNG gold by a National Mint before export, state gold marketing and a National Gold Authority. Stakeholders asked for 6-12 more months of consultation in May 2024; not enacted on the evidence found.

    类型
    其他
    二手资料未记录

  • Customs Act 1951

    s.40 prohibited exports by regulation; s.42 goods must be entered for export before loading; s.47 certificate of clearance

    类型
    法案
    法律原文无法访问

    研究备注: Section numbers from a summarising fetch.

  • Goods and Services Tax Act 2003

    GST; export zero-rating

    类型
    法案
    未经核实无法访问

    研究备注: PacLII blocked (403) and IRC site returned no content; rate and export treatment not verified.

  • Mining Act 1992

    Minerals belong to the State (s.5); citizens' non-mechanised alluvial mining on own land (s.9); tenements incl. alluvial mining leases (ss.48-64: citizen or land group, max 5 ha, max 5 years); royalties (s.148)

    类型
    法案
    法律原文未记录

  • Mining (Amendment) Act 2020

    State entities (Kumul Minerals) may apply for tenements over reserved land; live production/sales data reporting to MRA

    类型
    法案
    二手资料未记录无法访问

    研究备注: Act text not obtained (Parliament URL 404); content from press analysis.

  • Mineral Resources Authority Act (2005; referred to in 2026 as the MRA Act 2018)

    Establishes MRA; production levy up to 0.5% of assessable income (s.30 per DMPGM 2014)

    类型
    法案
    官方指引未记录OCR

    研究备注: The 2005 Act PDF is a scan without text. The National (June 2026) refers to an 'MRA Act 2018' - whether a 2018 Act replaced the 2005 Act was not verified.

巴布亚新几内亚涉及黄金的法律

来自法律库：标注了该商品的法律及其来源。它们不是研究结论；以上各部分才是。

Bank of Papua New Guinea — Requirements for Gold Export Licence

条例 · to confirm · to confirm

MRA - Minister Dilu to present stakeholders' views on the proposed National Gold Corporation (16 May 2024)

其他 · to confirm · to confirm

MRA - PM Hon Marape on the National Gold Corporation Bill (16 May 2024)

其他 · to confirm · to confirm

程序

Alluvial mining and sale of gold dust to a domestic buyer

适用情形: country is the origin (alluvial / artisanal gold)

渠道: alluvial

  1. 开采

    Mine alluvial gravels by panning and sluicing on own customary land (no tenement, s.9) or within an Alluvial Mining Lease; recover black-sand concentrate

    执行方
    Alluvial miner (citizen landowner or land group; non-mechanised under Mining Act s.9 or holder of an alluvial mining lease)
    法律原文未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, s.9(2); ss.48-51

  2. 加工

    Separate gold from the concentrate by panning (mercury amalgamation used in parts of the sector) to obtain gold dust and nuggets

    执行方
    Alluvial miner (citizen landowner or land group; non-mechanised under Mining Act s.9 or holder of an alluvial mining lease)
    行业惯例未记录

    研究备注: The Minister's update describes panning and sluicing; the extent of mercury use was not documented in any source read.

  3. 尽职调查

    Customer due diligence on the seller (identify the miner, risk-rate, screen) and keep records for 7 years

    执行方
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    对方
    Alluvial miner (citizen landowner or land group; non-mechanised under Mining Act s.9 or holder of an alluvial mining lease)
    出具
    Gold buyer's CDD record on the miner (AMLCTF Act ss.20-29)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: AMLCTF Act 2015, s.5; ss.20-29; ss.47-50

  4. 付款

    Sell gold dust to a domestic gold buyer, usually for cash, weighed at the counter; no BPNG authority needed for resident-to-resident trade

    执行方
    Alluvial miner (citizen landowner or land group; non-mechanised under Mining Act s.9 or holder of an alluvial mining lease)
    对方
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    所需
    Gold buyer's CDD record on the miner (AMLCTF Act ss.20-29)
    出具
    Buyer's purchase record / weigh-in (weight, price, seller)
    官方指引无法访问未记录

    法律依据: BPNG Foreign Exchange Manual, FE Notice 17, 17.3

    研究备注: FE Notice 17.3 permits domestic trade without restriction, although Regulation ss.25-26 on their face limit gold purchases to BPNG and authorised dealers; see divergences.

  5. 申报

    File a Threshold Transaction Report with FASU for a cash transaction of K20,000 or more within 10 working days; file a Suspicious Matter Report within 5 working days where suspicion arises

    执行方
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    出具
    TTR for cash purchase of K20,000 or more
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: AMLCTF Act 2015, s.39

Aggregation by a licensed alluvial exporter, melting and assay

适用情形: country is the origin (alluvial gold, before export)

渠道: alluvial

  1. 尽职调查

    Customer due diligence and enhanced due diligence on the gold buyer or miner (BPNG Enhanced Due Diligence Guidelines apply to all gold dealings)

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    出具
    Exporter's CDD on the gold buyer/miner and enhanced due diligence
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG FE Manual FE Notice 17; AMLCTF Act 2015, 17.2; ss.20-29

  2. 付款

    Sell aggregated gold dust to the licensed exporter (often via the exporter's own buying network)

    执行方
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    对方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    所需
    Exporter's CDD on the gold buyer/miner and enhanced due diligence
    出具
    Exporter's purchase record
    官方指引无法访问

    研究备注: Domestic purchase terms and payment method not documented; bank payment implied by the two-account limit in the licence conditions.

  3. 加工

    Melt gold dust into bars and number them

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    出具
    Bar number / lot reference after melting
    行业惯例无法访问

    研究备注: The Operational Requirements speak of 'dore or fine gold'; melting practice itself is inferred.

  4. 化验

    Assay the bars and issue an assay report certified by MRA (or another competent institution)

    执行方
    MRA-certified assayer / competent assay institution
    对方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    所需
    Bar number / lot reference after melting
    出具
    Assay report certified by MRA or other competent institution
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG Operational Requirements for Gold Export Licence (2015)

Export of alluvial gold by a BPNG-licensed exporter

适用情形: country is the origin; alluvial gold leaves PNG

渠道: alluvial

  1. 定价

    Prepare signed pro-forma invoice (expected USD receipts, weight in grams and ounces, LBMA spot USD price) under the refining agreement; sales abroad must be in USD at LBMA spot

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    所需
    Assay report certified by MRA or other competent institution; Refining agreement with overseas refiner (LBMA spot, max 2% discount)
    出具
    Signed pro-forma invoice (USD receipts, grams and ounces, LBMA spot price)
    官方指引无法访问
  2. 许可

    Apply to BPNG with Form G, the pro-forma invoice and the MRA-certified assay report for a specific authorisation to export this shipment; BPNG approves the Form G

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    所需
    Performance bond in favour of BPNG; Assay report certified by MRA or other competent institution; Signed pro-forma invoice (USD receipts, grams and ounces, LBMA spot price)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000; FE Notice 17, s.24; FE 17.4(a)

  3. 许可

    For a consignment worth K5,000 or less: obtain a BPNG clearance on the strength of an assay report from a recognised assayer instead of a licence-based authorisation

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    所需
    Assay report certified by MRA or other competent institution
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG FE Manual FE Notice 17, 17.4(b)

  4. 许可

    Obtain MRA mineral export permit, where required

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Mineral Resources Authority
    未经核实无法访问

    研究备注: PNG Customs lists MRA as the permit authority for 'minerals', but no MRA gold export permit, form or legal basis was found; for gold the Prohibited Exports Regulation names only BPNG.

  5. 运输

    Pack and seal consignment; commercial invoice and packing list

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    官方指引无法访问
  6. 海关

    Lodge the export SAD in ASYCUDA World (nature, quantity, FOB value, supplier, origin, TFN) with BPNG written authority attached, before goods are loaded

    执行方
    Licensed customs broker
    对方
    PNG Customs Service
    出具
    Export SAD / Form 15 accepted by PNG Customs
    法律原文无法访问未记录

    法律依据: Customs Act 1951; Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulation 1963, s.42; Schedule item 13B

  7. 海关

    Verify classification and permits, risk-based physical examination, collect administrative fees, issue release

    执行方
    PNG Customs Service
    对方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    所需
    Export SAD / Form 15 accepted by PNG Customs
    出具
    Customs release notification
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: Customs Act 1951; Central Banking (FX and Gold) Regulation 2000, FX Reg s.19(2) (Customs may require documents to check BPNG compliance)

  8. 运输

    Carry consignment as valuable cargo from Jacksons International Airport (Port Moresby) with air waybill, security declaration and insurance

    执行方
    Air carrier / secure logistics provider
    所需
    Customs release notification
    行业惯例无法访问

    研究备注: Airport and valuable-cargo handling for gold not documented in sources read; standard air-freight documents assumed.

  9. 海关

    Aircraft master presents final manifest; Customs issues Certificate of Clearance

    执行方
    PNG Customs Service
    对方
    Air carrier / secure logistics provider
    法律原文无法访问

    法律依据: Customs Act 1951, s.47

  10. 运输

    Send pre-shipment notice (weights, assay, AWB) to the consignee refiner

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Overseas refiner / buyer (consignee)
    出具
    Pre-shipment notification to refiner/buyer
    行业惯例无法访问

Export of doré by a mining company

适用情形: country is the origin; mine doré leaves PNG

渠道: industrial

  1. 定价

    Agree offtake / refining terms for doré with an overseas refiner (USD, LBMA-referenced)

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    对方
    Overseas refiner / buyer (consignee)
    出具
    Offtake / sale agreement for doré (industrial)
    行业惯例无法访问

    研究备注: Mining companies' offtake contracts not seen; USD/LBMA pricing rule stated for alluvial licensees.

  2. 许可

    Obtain BPNG specific authorisation for the shipment under the company's Gold Export Licence

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    对方
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    所需
    Assay report certified by MRA or other competent institution; Offtake / sale agreement for doré (industrial)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000; FE Notice 17, s.24; FE 17.4(a)

    研究备注: Form of the per-shipment authorisation for mining companies assumed to be the same Form G.

  3. 海关

    Lodge export SAD with BPNG authority; Customs examination and release

    执行方
    Licensed customs broker
    对方
    PNG Customs Service
    出具
    Export SAD / Form 15 accepted by PNG Customs; Customs release notification
    法律原文无法访问未记录

    法律依据: Customs Act 1951; Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulation 1963, s.42; item 13B

  4. 运输

    Ship doré from the mine (airstrip, port or via Port Moresby) to the refiner abroad

    执行方
    Air carrier / secure logistics provider
    所需
    Customs release notification
    行业惯例无法访问

    研究备注: Logistics per mine not documented.

Large-scale mine production of doré

适用情形: country is the origin (industrial gold)

渠道: industrial

  1. 开采

    Mine and process ore within the special mining lease / mining lease; pour doré at the mine gold room

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    出具
    Bar number / lot reference after melting
    法律原文未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, ss.33-47

    研究备注: Product form (doré vs concentrate) varies by mine and was not confirmed per mine in sources read.

  2. 申报

    Submit live production, extraction and sales data to MRA

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    对方
    Mineral Resources Authority
    出具
    Live production, extraction and sales data submission to MRA
    二手资料未记录

    法律依据: Mining (Amendment) Act 2020

    研究备注: Mining (Amendment) Act 2020 text not obtained.

  3. 化验

    Sample and assay doré (mine laboratory or certified assayer) for the export authorisation

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    所需
    Bar number / lot reference after melting
    出具
    Assay report certified by MRA or other competent institution
    官方指引无法访问

    研究备注: The MRA-certified assay rule is stated in the alluvial Operational Requirements; application to mining companies' licences assumed.

Monthly returns, levy and royalty

适用情形: country is the origin; continuing obligations

  1. 申报

    File Form G2 monthly return with BPNG by the 15th of the following month: Yellow Form G, commercial invoices, customs forms, refiner outturn statements, checked by a senior officer

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    所需
    Yellow Form G completed and stamped by the commercial bank; Refiner outturn statement; Export SAD / Form 15 accepted by PNG Customs
    出具
    Form G2 - monthly gold export return to BPNG
    官方指引无法访问
  2. 申报

    Report foreign currency account inflows and outflows on Form-OS

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    出具
    Form-OS - report of foreign currency account inflows/outflows
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: FE Manual FE Notice 17, 17.8

  3. 税费

    Pay monthly MRA production levy (0.25%-0.5% of assessable income; alluvial gold also covered)

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    对方
    Mineral Resources Authority
    出具
    MRA production levy payment (monthly)
    官方指引未记录

    法律依据: Mineral Resources Authority Act, s.30(3)-(4) (per DMPGM 2014)

    研究备注: Who pays the levy on alluvial gold (miner, exporter?) and how it is collected was not found.

  4. 税费

    Pay mineral royalty of 2% of FOB revenue or net smelter return; 20% of cash royalty goes directly to lease-area landholders

    执行方
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    出具
    Mineral royalty payment record
    官方指引未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, s.148

    研究备注: s.148 text not read; collector and payment frequency not confirmed. Royalty treatment of alluvial gold sold through exporters not found.

Refiner outturn, USD settlement and repatriation of proceeds

适用情形: country is the origin; after export

  1. 定价

    Refine consignment, issue outturn statement; exporter issues final invoice at LBMA spot less agreed discount (max 2%)

    执行方
    Overseas refiner / buyer (consignee)
    对方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    出具
    Refiner outturn statement; Final invoice (against outturn assay)
    官方指引无法访问
  2. 付款

    Receive USD proceeds from abroad (only through an authorised dealer); alluvial exporters must repatriate within 2 weeks of export, others within 3 months of shipment; convert to kina with an authorised dealer

    执行方
    Authorised foreign-exchange dealer (commercial bank)
    对方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    所需
    Final invoice (against outturn assay)
    出具
    USD payment from refiner/buyer to exporter's PNG bank
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG Operational Requirements (2015); FE Manual FE Notices 6 and 17, FE 6.5(a); FE 17.5

  3. 申报

    Submit Form-X with the licence or BPNG-approved Form G, commercial invoice and Customs-processed Form 15 to the authorised dealer; bank stamps the Yellow Form G

    执行方
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    对方
    Authorised foreign-exchange dealer (commercial bank)
    所需
    USD payment from refiner/buyer to exporter's PNG bank; Export SAD / Form 15 accepted by PNG Customs
    出具
    Form-X submitted through the authorised dealer; Yellow Form G completed and stamped by the commercial bank
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: FE Manual FE Notices 6 and 17, 6.3; 17.7(a)

许可与登记

  • AML/CFT compliance programme as a dealer in precious metals (no licence; FASU supervision)

    持有人
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    签发机构
    FASU (supervisor)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: AMLCTF Act 2015, s.5

  • Citizen ownership (Alluvial Mining Policy 2021 reserves buying and export of alluvial gold to Papua New Guineans, existing foreign operators exempt)

    持有人
    Domestic gold buyer (rural buying agent / shop)
    签发机构
    Policy of the Ministry of Mining / MRA
    官方指引未记录OCR

    研究备注: Policy text itself not readable; how the reservation is enforced for buyers (no buyer licence exists) is not known.

  • Refining agreement with an overseas refiner (LBMA spot, max 2% discount)

    持有人
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    签发机构
    Overseas refiner (counterparty)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG Requirements for Gold Export Licence (2015)

  • Gold Export Licence (alluvial)

    Gold Export Licence; name published on BPNG annual list

    持有人
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    签发机构
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    有效期
    1 year; new application each year
    费用
    K5,000 application fee (bank cheque)
    官方指引无法访问未记录

    法律依据: Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000; BPNG Requirements for Gold Export Licence (2015), s.24 (written consent to export gold)

  • Gold Export Licence (mining company)

    持有人
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    签发机构
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    有效期
    Annual (companies listed for 2024)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000, s.24

  • Appointment as authorised dealer in foreign exchange (National Gazette)

    持有人
    Authorised foreign-exchange dealer (commercial bank)
    签发机构
    Bank of Papua New Guinea
    法律原文无法访问

    法律依据: Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000, s.2(1)(a)

  • Alluvial Mining Lease (AML)

    AML instrument registered by the Registrar of Tenements

    持有人
    Alluvial miner (citizen landowner or land group; non-mechanised under Mining Act s.9 or holder of an alluvial mining lease)
    签发机构
    Minister for Mining, on MRA processing
    有效期
    Up to 5 years, extendable (s.49)
    费用
    Application fee PGK 250 (MRA Scheduled Fees)
    法律原文未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, ss.48-51

  • Customs broker licence

    持有人
    Licensed customs broker
    签发机构
    PNG Customs Service
    官方指引无法访问

  • Performance bond in favour of BPNG (min. K50,000)

    持有人
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    签发机构
    Licensed commercial bank / insurer
    有效期
    At least 24 months
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG Requirements for Gold Export Licence (2015)

  • Company incorporation and business registration (Investment Promotion Authority)

    持有人
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    签发机构
    Investment Promotion Authority
    官方指引无法访问

    研究备注: Issuer inferred: the BPNG requirements ask for a court-certified certificate of incorporation and business registration without naming the registry.

  • Mining Lease (alluvial)

    持有人
    Mechanised alluvial operator (mining lease holder, min. 51% national ownership)
    签发机构
    Minister for Mining, on MRA processing
    有效期
    Up to 20 years, extendable by 10
    费用
    Grant fee PGK 2,500-50,000 by area (MRA Scheduled Fees)
    官方指引未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, ss.38-47

  • Statutory right to non-mechanised alluvial mining on one's own land (no tenement)

    None; proof of citizenship and customary land ownership in practice

    持有人
    Alluvial miner (citizen landowner or land group; non-mechanised under Mining Act s.9 or holder of an alluvial mining lease)
    签发机构
    None - arises by law (citizen natural person; land not under a tenement other than an exploration licence)
    有效期
    While conditions met
    法律原文

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, s.9(2)

  • Special Mining Lease or Mining Lease (hard rock)

    持有人
    Large-scale mining company (mining lease / special mining lease holder)
    签发机构
    Head of State / Minister for Mining, on MRA processing
    费用
    SML grant fee PGK 100,000 (MRA Scheduled Fees)
    法律原文未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, ss.33-47

  • Tax File Number (TFN)

    持有人
    Licensed alluvial gold exporter (BPNG Gold Export Licence holder)
    签发机构
    Internal Revenue Commission
    官方指引无法访问

税费

  • Export duty on gold

    税率
    None found (administrative fees only)
    未经核实无法访问

    研究备注: No export duty on gold was found; Customs mentions only administrative fees before release. Customs Tariff schedule not read.

  • Gold Export Licence application fee

    税率
    K5,000 per application (annual)
    缴纳人
    Applicant exporter
    征收机构
    BPNG
    官方指引无法访问

  • Mineral royalty

    Mined product incl. doré and concentrate

    税率
    2%
    计税基础
    Free-on-board revenue or net smelter return, whichever is appropriate
    缴纳人
    Mining lease / special mining lease holder
    征收机构
    State (via MRA); 20% of cash royalty paid direct to lease-area landholders, balance shared by agreement with provincial and local governments
    官方指引未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992, s.148

    研究备注: s.148 text not read (document truncated; PacLII blocked). Application to alluvial production not confirmed.

  • Alluvial Mining Lease application fee

    税率
    PGK 250
    缴纳人
    AML applicant
    征收机构
    MRA
    官方指引未记录

  • Goods and Services Tax

    Domestic supplies; exports presumed zero-rated

    未经核实无法访问未记录

    研究备注: GST Act not readable (PacLII 403, IRC JavaScript). DMPGM 2014 confirms zero-rating of supplies to resource companies; treatment of domestic gold sales and exports not verified (standard rate generally reported as 10%, exports zero-rated).

  • MRA production levy

    税率
    0.25% (2014) - 0.5% (statutory maximum; reported current rate 2025)
    计税基础
    Assessable income / value of production, incl. alluvial gold produced
    缴纳人
    Producers
    征收机构
    Mineral Resources Authority (monthly)
    官方指引未记录

    法律依据: Mineral Resources Authority Act, s.30(3)-(4) per DMPGM 2014

    研究备注: Rate reported as 0.25% in 2014 and 0.5% in 2025 secondary sources; current gazetted rate not read.

管制

  • Dealers in precious metals are DNFBPs: risk-based CDD, enhanced CDD for PEPs, SMR within 5 working days, Threshold Transaction Report for cash or bearer instruments of K20,000 or more within 10 working days, international funds transfer reports of K20,000 or more, records for 7 years. FASU is the supervisor. BPNG Enhanced Due Diligence Guidelines apply to all gold dealings.

    类型
    反洗钱
    门槛
    K20,000 cash (TTR)
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: AMLCTF Act 2015, ss.5, 20-29, 39, 47-50

  • Alluvial mining is reserved to PNG citizens (AML only for citizens/land groups; alluvial mining leases need 51% national ownership). The 2021 Alluvial Mining Policy extends the reservation to buying and exporting alluvial gold, with existing foreign operators exempted. Confirmed by the Mining Minister in Parliament in June 2026.

    类型
    其他
    官方指引未记录

    法律依据: Mining Act 1992 s.48; Alluvial Mining Policy 2021

  • Refining agreement must reference LBMA spot with a discount of no more than 2%; export sales in USD at LBMA spot.

    类型
    价格管制
    官方指引无法访问

    法律依据: BPNG Requirements and Operational Requirements for Gold Export Licence (2015)

  • All export proceeds must be received through an authorised dealer, repatriated and converted into kina: within 2 weeks of export for alluvial Gold Export Licence holders; within 3 months of shipment under FE Notice 6. Sales abroad in USD at LBMA spot. Mineral exporters may not use forward exchange contracts.

    类型
    外汇管制
    门槛
    2 weeks (alluvial GEL); 3 months (general)
    官方指引无法访问未记录

    法律依据: BPNG Operational Requirements (2015); FE Manual, FE 6.5, 17.5; FX Operational Guidelines 9.9.5

  • A person holding gold (other than for professional use) must sell it within one month to BPNG, an authorised dealer, or with written consent to a person outside PNG; only BPNG and authorised dealers may buy gold (s.26). BPNG's FE Manual nonetheless states domestic resident-to-resident gold trade is permitted without restriction.

    类型
    其他
    门槛
    1 month from possession
    法律原文无法访问

    法律依据: Central Banking (Foreign Exchange and Gold) Regulation 2000, ss.25-26

    研究备注: Whether an exemption under s.3 or a general authority reconciles ss.25-26 with FE Notice 17.3 was not found.

  • Travellers may take PNG or foreign currency up to K20,000; more needs BPNG authority on Form-C1 (with tax clearance, passport, ticket). Customs currency declaration system being rolled out, most advanced at Jacksons International Airport (APG 2024).

    类型
    跨境申报
    门槛
    K20,000
    官方指引无法访问未记录

    法律依据: FE Manual FE Notice 8; Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulation 1963, 8.5; item 13A

贸易流量

  • Alluvial sector: about 200,000 artisanal miners producing about 5,000 kg (c.120,000 oz) a year, worth about K640 million (Minister, 2024); about 250,000 miners and about 5% of K19 billion mineral exports in 2024 (Parliament, June 2026).

    数据: ~5 t/yr; ~5% of K19bn (2024)

    官方指引未记录

  • BPNG 2024 lists: 9 alluvial gold exporters (Enga Gold Exporter, GoldBox PNG, GoldCorp Exporters, Gold Exchange PNG, Golden Valley Enterprise, Huon Gold, Issacc Lete Lumbu Gold Buyers, Italpreziosi South Pacific, Mi-Do Gold Buyers & Exporters) and 6 mining companies (K92 Mining, Lihir Gold, Morobe Consolidated Goldfields, New Porgera, Simberi Gold, Woodlark Mining). 2020 notice named 8 alluvial exporters and 4 companies barred from exporting.

    官方指引无法访问

  • Porgera closed in April 2020 when its SML expired and reopened under New Porgera Ltd (51% PNG stakeholders, 49% Barrick Niugini) with first gold in early 2024.

    二手资料未记录

实践与法律不符之处

可靠来源显示的、法律未作规定的实际情况。

  • Regulation ss.25-26 restrict gold purchases to BPNG and authorised dealers and require holders to sell within a month, yet BPNG's own FE Manual and 2020 notice say domestic gold trade needs no BPNG authority; in practice rural gold buyers trade freely.

    官方指引无法访问

  • Alluvial mining and gold buying are reserved to citizens, but foreigners are commonly brought in as capital partners (Minister, June 2026).

    二手资料未记录

  • pg.gold.tax-gel-fee states a Gold Export Licence application fee taken from a BPNG requirements source that is not held as text; both BPNG requirement texts held (the BPNG copy hosted by MRA and the MRA Mining Regulations page copy) say there is no fee for the Gold Export Licence. Which is current is not settled.

    未记录可信度等级
    未记录来源

  • APG 2024 mutual evaluation identifies cash and gold smuggling and trade-based laundering among PNG's laundering methods, and a currency declaration system not yet systematic.

    标准无法访问

  • MRA (2024): extractives are about 80% of exports and 30-35% of GDP but state revenue is about 8% or less, prompting the Mining Bill and National Gold Corporation proposals.

    官方指引未记录

  • Deputy PM (June 2026): despite high gold prices and more alluvial activity, recorded exports fell, suggesting unaccounted trade and illegal export; MRA says alluvial gold is hard to control.

    二手资料未记录

我们未能获取的内容

研究所需但未能获得的文件、它们可能所在的位置，以及原因。

  • Text of the 2021 Alluvial Mining Policy.

    缺失文件
    Alluvial Mining Policy
    可能所在
    https://mra.gov.pg/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Alluvial-Mining-Policy.pdf
    未获取原因
    PDF without text layer
    影响
    pg.ctl-citizens-alluvialpg.cr-buyer-citizen

  • Whether royalty and levy are charged on alluvial gold sold via exporters, by whom and at what point.

    未获取原因
    No source read addresses it
    影响
    pg.st-30pg.st-31

  • AMLCTF Act 2015 text (read only through FASU guidance).

    缺失文件
    AMLCTF Act 2015
    可能所在
    PacLII; bankpng.gov.pg
    未获取原因
    PacLII blocked
    影响
    pg.ctl-aml

  • No certificate of origin for gold exports was identified; the SAD states country of origin.

    未获取原因
    Not mentioned in any source read

  • GL-Form 1-3 checklists and Form G / Form G2 templates.

    缺失文件
    BPNG GL-Forms, Form G, Form G2
    可能所在
    https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/financial-markets/exchange-control
    未获取原因
    Listed on the page without links
    影响
    pg.dk-form-gpg.dk-form-g2

  • GST rate and treatment of gold.

    缺失文件
    Goods and Services Tax Act 2003
    可能所在
    PacLII; IRC
    未获取原因
    PacLII 403; IRC site JavaScript only
    影响
    pg.tax-gst

  • Per-mine product form (doré/concentrate), export routes and refiners.

    未获取原因
    Company pages not reached (404 / cache-only)
    影响
    pg.st-10pg.st-24

  • Whether the Mining Bill 2025 was enacted by 22 Sep 2026.

    可能所在
    parliament.gov.pg; DMPGM; National Gazette
    未获取原因
    Search budget exhausted; no 2026 source found reporting enactment
    影响
    pg.law-mining-bill-2025pg.tax-royalty

  • Whether an MRA mineral export permit is needed for gold in addition to BPNG authority.

    可能所在
    MRA; PNG Customs
    未获取原因
    Customs page generic; no MRA document found
    影响
    pg.st-15

  • Text of Mining Act s.148 (royalty rate, base, payer, collector) and the Mining Regulation 1992.

    缺失文件
    Mining Act 1992 s.148; Mining Regulation 1992
    可能所在
    http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/ma1992103/; MRA PDF
    未获取原因
    PacLII 403; MRA PDF truncated by the fetch
    影响
    pg.tax-royaltypg.st-31

经过巴布亚新几内亚的路线

国家对

来源

该国研究引用的每一个来源，以及阅读了多少、如何阅读。