National Climate Policy, 2017

1.1. Background................................................................................................................1

1.2. Principles Underpinning the Na onal Climate Policy...................................................3

1.3. Policy Direc on...........................................................................................................3

1.3.1. Vision: A Climate Resilient and Low Carbon Zimbabwe...............................................3

1.3.2. Purpose of the Policy...................................................................................................4

1.3.3. Policy Primary Goals...................................................................................................4

1.3.4. Policy Implementa on................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION.......................................................................5

2.1. Water Sector...............................................................................................................5

2.2. Agriculture Sector.......................................................................................................5

2.3. Health Sector..............................................................................................................6

2.4. Forestry and Biodiversity Sector..................................................................................7

2.5. Infrastructural Sector..................................................................................................7

2.6. Human Se lement.....................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 3: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT..................9

3.2. Energy sector............................................................................................................10

3.3. Industrial processes..................................................................................................10

3.4. Waste sector............................................................................................................11

3.5. Agriculture sector.....................................................................................................11

3.6. Land-use, Land-use-change and Forestry Sector.......................................................11 viii The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 4: EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS......................................................13

4.1. Climate Educa on and Training.................................................................................13

4.2. Public Awareness and Communica on.....................................................................13

4.3. Use of Indigenous Knowledge Systems.....................................................................14 CHAPTER 5: WEATHER, CLIMATE RESEARCH AND MODELLING..........................................15

5.1. Systema c Observa on, Climate Monitoring and Research......................................15

5.2. Educa on and Training.............................................................................................15

5.3. Skills Development...................................................................................................16

5.4. Ins tu ons and Infrastructure Development............................................................16 CHAPTER 6: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND INFORMATION SHARING..................................17

6.1. Technology Transfer..................................................................................................17

6.2. Informa on Sharing..................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 7: GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK..........................................19 7.1. Financial Resource Alloca on, Mobilisa on and Management.................................19

7.2. Foster Collabora on among Na onal and Interna onal Ins tu ons in Climate-related Issues ......................................................................................................................20

7.3. Climate Governance for Climate Ac on ....................................................................22

7.4. Gender, Social Inclusion and Climate Change............................................................22 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION.................................................................................................23 ix The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND Climate change is the most serious global challenge of our me. The Earth's climate alone makes it possible for life on Earth to exist as we know it today. However, human ac vi es, par cularly the industrial revolu on of the 18th to the 21st centuries have mainly been driving climate change, threatening the very existence of life on Earth. Thus, to date climate change poses a serious addi onal constraint to sustainable socio-economic development for most countries in the world, par cularly in Africa including Zimbabwe. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report, 2007, there is scien fic evidence with regard to future climate change that the propor on of dry-land areas affected by climate related hazards such as droughts is likely to increase. The projected drying trend will also affect the agricultural sector as cropping is mostly rain-fed resul ng in reduced crop yields, low livestock produc vity, poor pastures which ul mately affect food security and livelihood op ons. In Zimbabwe, observa ons show that temperatures have been steadily increasing from the 1970s to the 2000s pu ng stress on sensi ve sectors such as agriculture and water which are key to economic growth. The impacts of climate change in Zimbabwe are already being felt throughout all socio- economic sectors. The last three decades have seen increased variability in the seasonal distribu on of rainfall, an increase in day- me and night- me average temperatures, increased incidences of intense rainfall interspaced by long dry spells, and late onset and early cessa on of rains. These varia ons in rainfall and temperature are having profound impacts on agricultural industry, food security, hydro-energy genera on and downstream climate sensi ve economic sectors. There is ample evidence that climate is a major driving factor for most of Zimbabwe's socio-economic ac vi es such that Gross Domes c Product (GDP) is ghtly linked with rainfall pa erns (Zimbabwe Na onal Water Policy, 2012). The increasing frequency and severity of droughts and floods, the shi in onset and cessa on of the rainfall and increasing intensity of mid-season dry spells in the last 50 years have been iden fied in the Zimbabwe Ini al Na onal Communica ons (1996) as some of the major consequences of climate change. Livelihoods of the poor, par cularly women who are highly dependent on climate sensi ve sectors such as agriculture, are likely to be impacted by climate change in various ways. Climate change impacts are also expected to dispropor onately affect the poor, young, elderly, sick, and other marginalized popula ons. The IPCC Fi h Assessment Report (2014) findings indicate that climate change impacts are likely to con nue to affect the world beyond 2100 par cularly developing countries such as Zimbabwe further exacerba ng their vulnerability to external shocks. This makes the need to achieve long-term sustainable economic development in the face of climate change a primary concern. Thus a framework to guide short, medium and long term ac on is needed. The Government considers climate change as a threat to its people and that it has the poten al to undermine posi ve developments made in mee ng various developmental goals. As an early recogni on of the challenges posed by climate variability and change in Zimbabwe and the need to maximise on the opportuni es provided, the Government developed a Na onal Climate Change Response Strategy, which was completed in 2014. Whilst the Strategy provides 1 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy cri cal guidance to the key socio-economic sectors on possible prac ces and interven ons, it also clearly emphasises the need for a policy framework under which the Strategy and subsequent revisions will operate under. Thus it is important to ins tute robust measures that will translate the challenges into business opportuni es that could posi vely transform Zimbabwe's socio-economic fabric. Such measures must necessarily include the integra on of climate and climate change informa on into all relevant Government policies and also be in accordance with global efforts to address climate change such as the United Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in which Zimbabwe is a signatory. To this end, this Na onal Climate Policy provides a framework for addressing climate related challenges that Zimbabwe faces now and in future due to the changing climate. It forms the basis of developing Ac on Plans for na onal efforts on adapta on and mi ga on, providing a pla orm to unpack and implement Zimbabwe's Na onally Determined Contribu on (NDC) that will contribute to the global goal of limi ng temperature rise to below 1.5⁰C. This Na onal Climate Policy fits well into other ini a ves such as the African Union Agenda 2063, SADC Industrialisa on Strategy, Paris Agreement in line with the Na onally Determined Contribu ons, and the Post-2015 Global Development Agenda where climate change remains a key issue for sustainable development and to reduce the temperature rise. Specifically, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 calls for the need to “take urgent ac on to combat climate change and its impacts.” According to the 21st Conference of Par es to the UNFCCC, this requires the widest possible coopera on by all countries, and their par cipa on in an effec ve and appropriate interna onal response, to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. In taking ac on to address climate change, the Paris Agreement urges the need to “respect, promote and consider obliga ons on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communi es, migrants, children, persons with disabili es and people in vulnerable situa ons and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenera onal equity”. This is also a key element of this policy which is informed by cons tu onal provisions covering environment, health and human rights issues. Through the United Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process and in order to a ain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Government of Zimbabwe is commi ed to protec ng the climate system for the benefit of present and future genera ons. This policy draws lessons from over two decades of UNFCCC implementa on and the Kyoto Protocol and reflects on expected country commitments emana ng from the Paris Agreement of 2015. It also aims to support the fulfilment of some aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals, par cularly SDG 13 on urgent need to combat climate change; as well as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduc on priority 3 on inves ng in disaster risk reduc on for resilience. This Na onal Climate Policy seeks to provide an overarching framework to give the country basic principles and guidance under which the Na onal Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) and other climate related strategies will be implemented. This policy is expected to assist the country to meet its Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) to the UNFCCC, create resilient communi es and drive the country towards an economy that is largely decoupled from clima c varia ons. It calls for the climate proofing of other policies and socio- 2 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy economic infrastructure; strengthening of climate change governance; increased educa on and awareness; improved early warning and climate services; research to inform planning and future policy orienta on; as well as a robust sustainable climate finance framework. The Policy is the culmina on of a highly par cipatory process bu ressed by the results of science. Its implementa on is expected to be based upon the same principles. The policy lays the basis for increased coordina on and par cipa on of all stakeholders in response to the climate challenge.

1.2. PRINCIPLES UNDERPINNING THE NATIONAL CLIMATE POLICY The Na onal Climate Policy of Zimbabwe is underpinned by the following principles: i. Base climate related decisions or ac ons on sound data based, modelling, robust scien fic findings including Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and rigorous analysis but also on integrated, par cipatory approach; ii. Ensure Zimbabwe's resilience to climate related challenges by cross-sectoral engagement inclusive of public-private sector involvement in the implementa on; iii. Adopt low carbon development pathway that incorporate na onal developmental aspira ons, vision and na onal programmes; iv. Build resilience to climate challenges through adapta on programmes that shall be pursued concurrently with climate change mi ga on programmes; v. Ensure that the climate policy is wholly owned by all Zimbabweans and is gender sensi ve and responsive; vi. Address implica ons of the past, current and future climate; vii. Guide climate change adapta on and mi ga on investment programmes in Zimbabwe's priority areas; viii. Inform the Na onal Climate Change Response Strategies and Ac on Plans; ix. Adopt new and emerging technologies and innova ons that are relevant and dynamic in offering adapta on and mi ga on solu ons. x. Support climate ac on and compliance in line with the Mul -lateral Environmental Agreements These principles are in line with the provisions of the Zimbabwe's Cons tu on, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030. They acknowledge that ac on on addressing climate change should be country-driven, gender-responsive, par cipatory and fully transparent approach, taking into considera on vulnerable groups, communi es and ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, experiences and knowledge of indigenous people, with a view to integra ng adapta on and mi ga on into relevant socioeconomic and environmental policies and ac ons, where appropriate.

1.3. POLICY DIRECTION

1.3.1. Vision: A Climate Resilient and Low Carbon Zimbabwe The vision has been adopted in order to climate-proof all the socio-economic development sectors of Zimbabwe to address the na onal challenge of reducing Zimbabwe's vulnerability to climate and climate related disasters, while developing in a low carbon pathway. The mo va on for this policy is to reduce the socioeconomic impacts of climate variability and change in Zimbabwe and contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions reduc on. 3 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

1.3.2. Purpose of the Policy The objec ve of this Policy is to guide climate change management in the country, enhance the na onal adapta on capacity, scale up mi ga on ac ons, facilitate domes ca on of climate related global policies and ensure compliance to the global mechanisms.

1.3.3. Policy Primary Goals i. Reduce vulnerability to climate variability and climate related disasters by strengthening adap ve capacity. ii. Accelerate mi ga on measures by developing and adop ng low carbon development pathways. iii. Strengthen educa on and awareness to climate variability and change. iv. Inform na onal financial resource alloca on, enhance mobilisa on and management. v. Foster collabora on among na onal and interna onal ins tu ons in climate related issues. vi. Strengthen governance structures for the climate policy to increase Zimbabwe's resilience to climate variability and climate change. vii. Develop and strengthen capacity in Weather, Climate Research and Modelling. viii. Promote technology development and transfer, capacity building and informa on sharing.

1.3.4. Policy Implementa on Each of the policy statements cited under the goals of this policy is elaborated in order to show how it is implemented, while ci ng key role players and monitoring methods. The policy implementa on strategy should be provided in the Na onal Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS), the Na onally Determined Contribu on (NDC), the Meteorological Services Act and any other climate related documents. 4 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 2: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Climate variability and change will have profound effects on key sectors of Zimbabwe's economy. The vulnerability of Zimbabwe's systems to climate variability and change can best be understood by the close rela onship between the performance of the country's economic sectors and the hydrological (water) cycle. It is expected that the projected changes in climate will impact on the performance of the following sectors, among others: Water, Agriculture, Energy, Industry, Health, Infrastructure, Forestry and Biodiversity. In this regard, specific policies to develop and strengthen adap ve capacity in all these key sectors and among communi es within the context of climate change are needed.

2.1. Water Sector Climate variability and change is mainly evident by its effects on water resources availability pa erns. For adapta on to be effec ve, it is important to understand the sectoral vulnerabili es as a result of climate change impacts on Zimbabwe's water resources in order to ensure climate-resilient water sector policies and investments. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

2.1.1. Undertake comprehensive hydrological analyses to understand vulnerability levels and iden fy poten al adapta on ac ons for Zimbabwe.

2.1.2. Periodically review exis ng na onal and water-related sectoral policies (such as agriculture, energy, environment) to ensure that they adequately address climate-related challenges.

2.1.3. Develop sectoral related Master Plans such as the Water Master Plan, which explicitly integrate climate change.

2.1.4. Strengthen conjunc ve groundwater and surface water assessment, monitoring and regula on.

2.1.5. Periodically review expected yields for each catchment taking into account temperature and precipita on changes expected under climate change.

2.1.6. Ensure climate change is mainstreamed in water resources infrastructure design including in the development of relevant guidelines.

2.1.7. Ensure water sources for domes c consump on are within na onal standards radius of household reach.

2.1.8. Ensure that the children's right to quality and safe drinking water to help them stay healthy is observed.

2.1.9. Ensure improved water supply for livestock, wildlife and environment in line with the changing climate.

2.1.10. Promote water harves ng for domes c, animal, agriculture and industrial use.

2.1.11. Maintain and promote the conserva on of wetlands as part of a water/river source protec on strategy in line with a changing climate.

2.1.12. Establish a Centre of Excellence in Water and Climate Change to undertake essen al research on the impacts of climate change on water resources.

2.1.13. Increase support to transboundary water management.

2.1.14. Strengthen the use of ICT and latest technologies in water resources assessment.

2.2. Agriculture Sector Agriculture is one of Zimbabwe's most climate sensi ve sectors given the close rela onship between levels of agricultural produc on and rainfall. Approximately 80% of the rural popula on livelihoods are dependent on rainfed agriculture making them highly vulnerable to climate change induced weather extremes, variability and climate change impacts. For 5 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy adapta on to be effec ve, it is important to understand the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change and variability. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

2.2.1. Periodically review and update the agro-ecological map of Zimbabwe in line with the changing climate.

2.2.2. Conduct assessments on possible climate-related shi s in the viability of farming systems, including posi ve effects such as carbon fer liza on.

2.2.3. Undertake comprehensive analyses to understand barriers to adapta on to climate change, including human, ins tu onal and financial barriers.

2.2.4. Ensure that the relevant sectoral Master Plans integrate climate change e.g. Irriga on Master Plan.

2.2.5. Promote irriga on and water use efficiency in agriculture including adequate assessment of irriga on poten al and irriga on demand under climate change.

2.2.6. Encourage use of efficient irriga on technologies, including precision irriga on, and se ng of appropriate water prices.

2.2.7. Promote sustainable land-use systems in line with principles of climate smart agriculture.

2.2.8. Strengthen capacity to generate new forms of knowledge, technologies and agricultural support services that meet emerging development challenges arising from increased climate change and variability.

2.2.9. Strengthen relevant early warning systems on cropping season quality, rangeland condi on, droughts, floods, disease/pest outbreaks and wildlife movement in order to enhance farmer preparedness.

2.2.10. Strengthen the implementa on of the drought management framework for livestock sector.

2.2.11. Promote and regulate crop and livestock weather indexed insurance.

2.2.12. Strengthen the capacity to iden fy and promote adop on of improved livestock breeds that are tolerant to climate related stresses.

2.2.13. Strengthen the capacity to iden fy and promote adop on of improved seed and crop varie es that are tolerant to climate related stresses.

2.2.14. Undertake comprehensive analyses to understand barriers to adapta on to climate change, including human, ins tu onal and financial barriers.

2.2.15. Ensure that mi ga on and adapta on measures enhance agriculture-based livelihoods, by promo ng food security and poverty allevia on.

2.3. Health Sector Good health is a pillar of Zimbabwe's development. For adapta on to be effec ve, it is important to understand the vulnerability of the health sector to climate change and variability. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

2.3.1. Strengthen surveillance programmes for monitoring human health under a changing climate, par cularly opera onal knowledge on climate-disease rela onships.

2.3.2. Understand the impacts of climate change on women, children, youth and people living with disabili es in Zimbabwe and create an enabling environment that prevents harm to these vulnerable groups emana ng from pressures of these impacts.

2.3.3. Undertake appropriate measures to fully realise the children's rights to health in light of climate change.

2.3.4. Enhance provision of Geographic Informa on Science and Earth Observa on based early warning systems on droughts, floods and disease outbreaks to vulnerable groups and ensure coordinated approaches in providing emergency services. 6 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

2.4. Forestry and Biodiversity Sector Zimbabwe's forestry sector contributes 4.1% of the na onal GDP and over 4million people depend on forestry resources for their livelihoods. The forestry sector also provides op ons for adapta on through non carbon benefits. Whilst tourism in Zimbabwe is one of the economy pillars it leverages on the forestry and biodiversity sectors. Thus, climate change and climate variability could have a profound effect on the tourism sector through impacts on forestry and biodiversity. Therefore, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

2.4.1. Conserve and enhance forestry resources which act as both sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases.

2.4.2. Strengthen afforesta on programmes that promote drought and heat tolerant tree species.

2.4.3. Strengthen research capacity in forest ecosystem resilience to facilitate adapta on efforts to climate change.

2.4.4. Establish permanent forest ecosystem monitoring plots to monitor possible signs of forest die- back as a way to effec vely plan afforesta on programmes based on appropriate species.

2.4.5. Promote research to reduce the exis ng gaps in knowledge on forest ecosystems and climate change, as well as on forest threats such as fires.

2.4.6. Promote improved understanding of the role played by forests in suppor ng livelihoods through mber and non- mber products; and of the effects that climate change could have on those livelihoods.

2.4.7. Strengthen framework for Reducing Emissions from Deforesta on and Forest Degrada on (REDD+) and other financing mechanisms.

2.4.8. Strengthen enforcement and other measures to reduce deforesta on and forest degrada on.

2.4.9. Support research to enhance understanding of climate change impacts on wildlife and adap ve management planning for key wildlife species.

2.4.10. Monitor and reduce the prevalence of invasive plant species.

2.4.11. Strengthen the use of latest Informa on Communica on Technology and latest technologies in forest and biodiversity management.

2.5. Infrastructural Sector Zimbabwe's infrastructure has been developed using the past and current climate knowledge. However, climate change and climate variability could have a profound effect on Zimbabwe's infrastructure making it impera ve for infrastructural designs to take into considera on climate change and climate variability. Therefore, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

2.5.1. Develop guidelines for the planning and design of climate resilient infrastructure, including guidance to carry out climate impact assessments of proposed projects.

2.5.2. Develop a climate resilient hydro-energy infrastructure that incorporates an cipated reduc ons in river runoff, higher evapora on, and increases in clima c variability.

2.5.3. Develop climate proofed and environmentally sustainable transport infrastructure.

2.5.4. Promote research in the climate-energy- economic nexus, including assessment of the impacts of climate variability and change on the produc on of energy from climate-sensi ve sources (such as hydro-power and solar).

2.5.5. Develop capacity among technical staff to adapt infrastructure plans to climate change. 7 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

2.6. Human Se lement In Zimbabwe, urban and rural areas are both vulnerable to climate variability and change. Climate change mostly affects rural areas because of their overdependence on natural resources, which are also highly climate-sensi ve, whilst increased migra on to urban areas puts pressure on the available resources in the urban areas. In order to facilitate successful adapta on and resilient human se lements, it is necessary to consider differences in vulnerabili es of various groups in urban and rural se lements. Therefore, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

2.6.1. Integrate adapta on into human development programmes for resilient building, with par cular focus on the poor and vulnerable groups through upgrading informal se lements and improved living condi ons for all.

2.6.2. Develop the capacity of local authori es (urban and rural) to manage demographic challenges associated with migra on as an adapta on prac ce.

2.6.3. Strengthen the social protec on measures par cularly for smallholder and subsistence farmers, women and other vulnerable groups against climate vola lity.

2.6.4. Strengthen community based disaster risk management (CBDRM) for communi es at risk of extreme clima c events.

2.6.5. Ensure that local authori es adopt climate proofed se lement designs. 8 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate CHAPTER 3: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT According to Zimbabwe's Second Na onal Communica on to the United Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change, the country is an emi er of greenhouse gases with the major contributors being fuel combus on or energy (68.5%), agriculture (22.35%), waste handling (3.93%) and industrial processes (5.21%) in CO2 equivalent. The primary energy sector is dominated by conven onal fuels: coal, with total reserves of 10.6 billion tonnes of which half a billion are proven, petroleum of which about 1.5 billion litres of finished dis llates are imported every year, and hydroelectric power with a total poten al of 4,200 MW mainly on the Zambezi River, which is a shared basin. The liquid petroleum and gaseous fuels, which are all imported, are augmented by locally produced ethanol blended at a ra o 15:85. Electricity genera on is about 49% hydro and 51% coal whilst the contribu on of other abundant renewable energy resources such as solar and waste energy is negligible. Zimbabwe is characterised by low energy consump on per capita, low energy access, especially in rural areas and high-energy intensity. Access to electricity is approximately 44% at na onal level and much lower in rural areas where firewood is the primary fuel source for thermal needs and kerosene for ligh ng. Energy use in Zimbabwe's industries, farms, buildings and ci es is highly inefficient. Local industry s ll uses an quated equipment and processes. As Zimbabwe makes strides towards socio-economic development, energy consump on is set to rise, pu ng pressure on already deple ng wood resources as well as increasing fossil fuel consump on. There is, however, an opportunity for Zimbabwe to follow a low carbon development pathway by taking advantage of innova ons, technological developments and sustainable business models that will help it efficiently u lise its natural resource poten al. This Climate Policy sets to accelerate mi ga on measures by adop ng and developing low carbon development pathways in the Industrial, Energy, Waste, Agriculture, Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry sectors among others. This is in line with mee ng the global goal set at the COP 21 of limi ng global temperature increase well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Thus in order to reduce the risks and impacts of climate change there is need for fostering of pathways towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate resilient development. Low carbon development can create opportuni es for Zimbabwe such as using renewable energy poten als to improve energy access through low-cost and low pollu ng technologies as well as diversifica on of the energy mix to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Such opportuni es are cri cal for mee ng the country's Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDC). To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

3.1.1. Establish and regularly update a na onal inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs).

3.1.2. Prepare, communicate and maintain set emission targets for each sector that are in line with the Na onally Determined Contribu on (NDC) in a transparent manner and to update every 5 years.

3.1.3. Formulate and implement programmes containing measures to mi gate climate change.

3.1.4. Mainstream climate change in the energy, industrial processes, waste, agriculture and Land- use, land-use-change and forestry sectors. 9 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

3.1.5. Cooperate in the development, applica on and diffusion of climate friendly technologies.

3.1.6. Promote the adop on and u lisa on of market-based instruments to mi gate climate change.

3.1.7. Establish a monitoring, repor ng and verifica on (MRV) framework for monitoring GHG inventories towards compliance with NDCs requirements a year before global repor ng.

3.1.8. Develop na onal capacity to design projects for environment financial facili es and climate financing.

3.2. Energy Sector Zimbabwe's Second Na onal Communica on to the United Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change (UNFCCC), shows that the energy sector is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contribu ng 60.7% of the total GHG emissions. Energy sector emissions emanate from the combus on of carbon related fuels and fugi ve emissions from coal mining and handling. Fuel combus on from use of fossils comprising coal, diesel, gas, petrol and paraffin contribute more than 99% of the energy related emissions. Zimbabwe therefore needs to enhance or promote energy efficiency and alterna ve energy sources that contribute less to GHG emissions. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

3.2.1. Promote renewable energy and adop on of energy efficient technologies and prac ces across all socio economic sectors of the economy and the built environment.

3.2.2. Promote sustainable road and rail transport infrastructure for efficient transporta on of goods and people.

3.2.3. Promote research and development, innova on and deployment, and adop on of robust, gender-sensi ve, green technologies.

3.2.4. Promote cleaner fossil fuel technologies and access to clean and affordable energy.

3.2.5. Enhance monitoring repor ng and verifica on systems based on appropriate methodologies to account for GHG emissions in the energy sector.

3.3. Industrial Processes Zimbabwe's economy has been historically anchored on four pillars namely agriculture, mining, manufacturing and tourism. The industrial pillar adds value to the products from agriculture and mining sector hence contributes significantly to GHG emissions. With the envisaged growth in capacity u lisa on, there is need to address machinery and equipment needs of industry to ensure that produc on is done in a more efficient way with very low emissions to the atmosphere thus reducing their contribu on to climate change. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

3.3.1. Remove trade barriers for adop on of appropriate clean technologies and prac ces.

3.3.2. Create an enabling environment for research and development of cleaner technologies and prac ces.

3.3.3. Provide financial and economic incen ves for use of cleaner technologies and prac ces.

3.3.4. Promote adop on of resource efficient and cleaner produc on prac ces.

3.3.5. Promote innova on and technology transfer in industry.

3.3.6. Develop and implement a Na onal Green Growth Strategy.

3.3.7. Enhance monitoring systems based on appropriate methodologies to account for GHG emissions in the industrial sector. 10 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

3.4. Waste Sector The waste sector in Zimbabwe is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The largest sources of GHG emissions from the sector are methane (CH4) genera on from anaerobic diges on of organic waste in landfills and wastewater treatment while small quan es emanate from open burning and incinera on of medical waste. The current waste management system in Zimbabwe is tradi onal and primarily focuses on the disposal of solid waste without controlling its genera on and promo ng waste reduc on, re-use and recycling. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

3.4.1. Promote waste reduc on, reuse and recycling as a top priority across all sectors, to reduce overall resource use and increase resource efficiency.

3.4.2. Promote collec on and archiving of waste data, and maintenance of accessible database on quality, quan ty and characterisa on of waste for mandatory repor ng at na onal level.

3.4.3. Promote fuel or energy genera on from waste.

3.4.4. Improve the management of exis ng waste disposal facili es to control GHG emissions.

3.4.5. Improve monitoring systems based on appropriate methodologies to account for GHG emissions in the waste sector.

3.5. Agriculture Sector In agriculture, various ac vi es give rise to emission of GHGs into the atmosphere. Enteric fermenta on is rated the highest contributor of GHG emissions (CO2-eq) from the Agriculture Sector in Zimbabwe. This was observed in the Ini al Na onal Communica on (INC), Second Na onal Communica on (SNC) as well as in the Third Na onal Communica on (TNC). Methane emissions from enteric fermenta on in domes c livestock and nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils were key source categories in the SNC. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

3.5.1. Establish monitoring systems for GHG emissions in agricultural systems and support mechanisms for their reduc on in line with the Na onally Determined Contribu on (NDC).

3.5.2. Promote good grazing management and feeding prac ces.

3.5.3. Promote training and extension support to allow adop on of good management prac ces of grasslands including prescribed burning, and on-farm by products.

3.5.4. Reduce uncontrolled burning

3.5.5. Promote the growing of cover crops in order to prevent losses of residual soil nitrogen and reduce N2O emissions.

3.5.6. Promote renewable energy technologies in agriculture that encompass bio-energy crops.

3.5.7. Promote less energy intensive agricultural prac ces.

3.5.8. Promote the use of sustainable energy op ons in the agriculture sector for crop curing and drying.

3.5.9. Enhance enforcement of legisla on on establishment of woodlots in order to improve carbon sinks.

3.6. Land-use, Land-use-change and Forestry Sector Land and forestry resources are key issues when considering the energy and economic requirements of the majority of Zimbabweans. The rural communi es derive 90% of their total energy requirements from wood fuel and 15% of this comes from forestry deple on. Zimbabwe's forestry resources cover approximately 66% of the total land area (257,783 km2 ). The extensive woodland cover gives Zimbabwe poten al to become a carbon sink. The forest stocks generate a wide range of both mber and non- mber products such as fuel wood, sawn 11 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy mber, fodder, fruits, charcoal, medicines and building materials among others. Forests also provide services such as watershed management, carbon fixa on, micro-climate stabiliza on and windbreaks. Currently there is pressure on forests by different land uses such as agriculture, urban and peri-urban expansion, and wood for various purposes, including fuel wood for domes c use and curing tobacco. There is therefore need for approaches that promote reduc on of emissions from deforesta on and forest degrada on, and that strengthen the role of conserva on and sustainable management of forests. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

3.6.1. Maintain and monitor forest carbon stocks.

3.6.2. Reduce greenhouse gases emission from forestry burning and land use changes.

3.6.3. Strengthen na onal capacity to control veldt fires and illegal logging that can lead to GHG emission, deforesta on and land degrada on.

3.6.4. Promote the establishment of woodlots and planta ons and improve carbon sinks.

3.6.5. Provide incen ves for ac vi es rela ng to emission reduc on from deforesta on, land use change and forest degrada on.

3.6.6. Increase capacity development in forestry research and technology development and encourage the conserva on and restora on of forests threatened by climate change.

3.6.7. Develop na onal capacity to design carbon projects for accessing carbon financing. 12 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 4: EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS Ar cle 6 of the UNFCCC provides guidance for implemen ng programmes for educa on, awareness and training on climate change, including the development and exchange of educa onal and public awareness materials on climate change and its effects. In Zimbabwe, several mechanisms and ini a ves are already in place for promo ng climate educa on and awareness. This Policy emphasises on response, which is knowledge and evidence based, and that incorporates indigenous knowledge systems (IKS), culture and science.

4.1. Climate Educa on and Training Climate change educa on is necessary to empower the country's ci zens. It is also a vehicle for promo ng climate-sensi ve development by the country's broad socio-economic sectors. Educa on and training packages for climate change also need to be sensi ve to gender, youth, children and other vulnerable members of society. The country's educa on sector is increasingly developing and revising curricula to comprehensively cover the knowledge of climate change. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

4.1.1. Develop curricula that mainstream climate change knowledge in the context of specific learning content or disciplines for primary, secondary and ter ary level educa on and scale up child's right to educa on to learn and protect the environment.

4.1.2. Incorporate climate knowledge in the development of climate-resilient infrastructure and formula on of climate-sensi ve development policies and legisla on.

4.1.3. Provide training to development prac oners in every local authority responsible for climate- sensi ve planning, budge ng, public awareness and development.

4.1.4. Establish mechanisms for training of Government officials, including legislators and judiciary on climate science.

4.1.5. Promote online climate change educa on and training.

4.2. Public Awareness and Communica on Increasing public awareness on climate change and its effects can empower the people to take appropriate climate-sensi ve decisions and ac ons. A climate conscious society is necessary to increase par cipa on in climate interven ons, which would promote the successful policy adop on and implementa on of climate mi ga on and adapta on projects in the country. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

4.2.1. Upscale provision of climate extension services par cularly to farming and rural communi es largely relying on climate-sensi ve livelihoods.

4.2.2. Support the development and dissemina on of simplified meteorological and agro- meteorological informa on for the benefit of farmers, women and people living with disabili es.

4.2.3. Support formal and informal learning ins tu ons and ac vi es that are designed to raise awareness and teach new values, knowledge and skills, in order to encourage more climate responsible behaviour.

4.2.4. Put mechanisms for ensuring that media prac oners are educated and trained to enhance their knowledge and skills in communica ng climate informa on to the public.

4.2.5. Design and strengthen community-based climate informa on management systems. 13 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

4.3. Use of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Zimbabwe recognises the u lity of IKS in complemen ng mainstream climate knowledge and prac ce. The u lisa on of indigenous climate knowledge ranges from its applica on in climate change impact iden fica on; as a decision support tool in agricultural planning and cropping choices; development of local early warning systems against clima c vagaries; coping with extreme weather events, drought and dry spells; to flood mi ga on strategies by indigenous communi es prac sing them. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

4.3.1. Strengthen the documenta on of IKS to complement scien fic knowledge for climate change forecas ng and early warning systems through research ins tu ons.

4.3.2. Improve the protec on and respect of the rights of children, communi es and vulnerable groups and their indigenous knowledge systems as a pre-requisite for sustainable development in the context of climate change.

4.3.3. Recognise the dis nct and crucial contribu on of indigenous knowledge in diverse local economies towards poverty reduc on and sustainable development.

4.3.4. Promote mainstreaming of IKS as one of the cornerstones of all climate change adapta on and mi ga on ini a ves.

4.3.5. Assist to establish synergies between indigenous and scien fic knowledge to enable communi es to effec vely deal with the climate change challenges. Ensure that adapta on and mi ga on measures and strategies take into account the diversity of the agricultural systems, IKS and possible co-benefits including socio-economic, environmental and gender aspects.

4.3.6. Strengthen gender equality and social inclusion to ensure equitable realisa on of IKS benefits.

4.3.7. Iden fy and promote indigenous technologies, skills and prac ces relevant in responding to climate change at local levels.

4.3.8. Strengthen the Civil Protec on Department and other ins tu ons to integrate local knowledge in the development of early warning systems in order to enhance their u lisa on by communi es at risk of clima c events.

4.3.9. Support co-produc on of climate informa on by the Meteorological Services Department and other ins tu ons and indigenous communi es to up-scale provision and u lisa on of loca on specific climate informa on products. 14 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 5: WEATHER, CLIMATE RESEARCH AND MODELLING Analysis of weather and climate data enables the scien fic understanding of climate processes and this knowledge can be applied to normal day-to-day weather forecas ng as well as forecas ng impending extreme weather events and issue warnings. Meteorological data also forms the basis of weather and climate research which provides suppor ng evidence of climate change through analysing trends of weather elements. Analysing this data also assists in vulnerability assessments and reveals impacts of climate change and variability and thus assists in informing adapta on and mi ga on strategies. Data is also used as input into global and regional climate models which, when run provide future climate projec ons of elements such as temperature and precipita on. The capacity of a country to conduct meaningful research and modelling work in weather and climate and to apply the results to relevant development decisions depends on the levels of availability of human resources that are appropriately educated and skilled, as well as the provision and availability of robust research and modelling infrastructure. Specific policies to develop and strengthen capacity in weather, climate research and modelling are needed.

5.1. Systema c Observa on, Climate Monitoring and Research Given the possible localised impacts of climate variability and climate change, the increasing adverse weather and climate being experienced, there is need to observe the weather systema cally so as to monitor the climate system. That monitoring may need to include the atmospheric radia ve forcing agents which directly and indirectly contribute to climate change. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

5.1.1. Carry out dense systema c observa ons, monitoring and forecas ng of all weather and climate parameters and forcing agents such as pollen, soot, par culate ma er as well as astronomical features.

5.1.2. Capacitate the Na onal Meteorological Services and Climate Change Management Department to set up robust dense observing systems, data management systems with clear collec on, quality control, assessment, archival as well as data mining procedures and copyright issues.

5.1.3. Conduct in-depth climate research including climate model development, reviewing various model usability, high resolu on climate modelling and conduc ng climate impact studies to inform climate ac ons.

5.1.4. Integrate research output, evidence-based climate scien fic products and services in sustainable development planning and programming.

5.2. Educa on and Training The Government of Zimbabwe shall:

5.2.1. Strengthen and mainstream weather and climate in all educa on curricula.

5.2.2. Provide relevant training on weather and climate research and modelling to educators.

5.2.3. Establish mechanisms for training officials, including legislators and judiciary on climate science. 15 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy

5.3. Skills Development The Government of Zimbabwe shall:

5.3.1. Enhance the teaching and learning of weather and climate at all levels of educa on.

5.3.2. Provide relevant training on weather and climate research and modelling to prac oners working with communi es.

5.3.3. Develop capacity to strengthen modelling and impact studies among technical staff, including in the planning and design of development plans, programmes and projects.

5.4. Ins tu ons and Infrastructure Development Ins tu ons and weather and climate research infrastructure need to be developed and/or strengthened. The government shall strengthen the climate service system to ensure access to climate products and services which meet user requirements. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

5.4.1. Strengthen the infrastructural capacity of the Na onal Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Climate Change Management Department to carry out research on climate change through improved data collec on and management, and climate modelling.

5.4.2. Promote collabora ons between universi es and research ins tu ons (domes cally and interna onally) as well as Na onal Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Climate Change Management Department.

5.4.3. Create a portal for quality controlled meteorological and hydrological data for ease of access by users.

5.4.4. Provide meteorological and hydrological data free of charge for research, non-commercial and na onal uses. 16 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 6: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND INFORMATION SHARING This Climate Policy seeks to promote technologies for adapta on and mi ga on in the country to reduce vulnerability to the diverse and complex impacts of climate change, while developing in a low carbon pathway in the country. In order to facilitate these interven ons, climate research and technological development are useful for building knowledge on climate change and suppor ng appropriate responses as informed by the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism, the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) and the Technology Execu ve Commi ee (TEC).

6.1. Technology Transfer The challenge of climate change requires Zimbabwe to access and develop technologies relevant for implemen ng appropriate mi ga on and adapta on projects and ac ons. Across the global landscape, countries are increasingly drawing from low emissions development (LED) technologies par cularly in the energy sector. LED pathways, for example in the energy sector, have given several opportuni es including energy security, energy access, employment genera on, cost-savings, resource efficiency and health benefits to countries adop ng such technologies. As such, there are numerous benefits in developing or upscaling LED programmes in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the country needs to enhance na onal and interna onal linkages in the development of technologies for climate forecas ng and development of climate models. In this regard, linkages among or exchange programmes with local, regional and interna onal research ins tu ons, industries and universi es would both promote transfer of technologies and its uptake in Zimbabwe's development sectors. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

6.1.1. Iden fy the country's technology needs and priori es and promote its development, uptake and diffusion.

6.1.2. Facilitate and promote removal of barriers of technology transfer.

6.1.3. Provide incen ves for economic en es engaging in low carbon development.

6.1.4. Promote technology transfer in support of Zimbabwe's Na onally Determined Contribu on (NDC) and other climate related policies and ac ons.

6.1.5. Collaborate with the private sector, CSOs, universi es and research ins tu ons and development partners in developing or sharing appropriate technologies and technical support for climate-related infrastructure development, preparedness and resilience.

6.1.6. Promote na onal and interna onal linkages in the development of technologies for climate forecas ng and development of climate models.

6.2. Informa on Sharing Zimbabwe's vulnerability to climate risks is increasing, chiefly owing to paucity in climate informa on or inadequacy of climate services. Climate informa on is key to managing current climate risks and adap ng to a future climate. Essen ally, effec ve climate responses are underpinned by the development of a robust policy specifying a strategy or system to share climate informa on and knowledge, including ensuring access to climate informa on and knowledge. The country needs to enhance its climate informa on services, a system involving the produc on and communica on of climate informa on to the decision makers and users. The IPCC notes that indigenous forms of knowledge, including the specialised knowledge of any stakeholder are becoming increasingly relevant for climate services. This observa on is also true for Zimbabwe where some locals con nue to rely on indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in 17 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy making climate-related decisions. Furthermore, it is also necessary to recognise the climate informa on environment, which consists of numerous interac ng and interdependent social, cultural, economic and poli cal subsystems that shape the crea on, flow and use of climate informa on. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

6.2.1. Capacitate the Climate Change Management Department to be a climate change informa on hub and clearing house to generate, coordinate, collect, collate, store, retrieve and disseminate reliable, high quality and up-to-date data and informa on, and develop guidelines and tools for the use of climate data in development decisions.

6.2.2. Capacitate the Meteorological Services Department to be a meteorological informa on hub with reliable and high quality data.

6.2.3. Set up climate informa on hubs in every province to collect primary informa on, and act as dissemina on points for refined climate knowledge.

6.2.4. Promote the use of tradi onal and modern technologies for genera on and exchange of climate informa on, products and services in appropriate languages.

6.2.5. Promote collabora ve work between research ins tu ons, Climate Change Management and Meteorological Services Departments to generate informa on and up-scale provision of specific climate informa on products. 18 The Republic of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate National Climate Policy CHAPTER 7: GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

7.1. Financial Resource Alloca on, Mobilisa on and Management Climate funding is crucial to the successful implementa on of this Policy. Zimbabwe remains a highly climate-sensi ve country owing to both observed and an cipated changes in climate. The mul faceted impacts of climate change in the key sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, the industrial sector, biodiversity, rangelands, water resources, health and human se lements and tourism require private-public synergies and con nuous and predictable financial flows. As such, several sector-specific adapta on op ons iden fied have been constrained by paucity in adapta on funding. For instance, efforts to promote irriga on development through dam construc on and adop on of rainwater harves ng technologies to cope with drought and water scarcity have been severely hampered by lack of funds. Similarly, although the country has priori sed sustainable energy development under mi ga on interven ons, funding and technical capacity to support the transi on into low-carbon energy genera on and supply, and to implement energy-efficient op ons, is s ll lacking. Consequently, communi es at risk of clima c events such as droughts and floods s ll lack access to any adapta on funding. On the other hand, opportuni es associated with low emissions development and scaling-up renewable energy programmes have not been fully harnessed due to capital and technological gaps. Given a background where climate interven ons have largely remained uncoordinated and differen ated across sectoral interests, mobilisa on of adapta on funds has also become uncoordinated. The current interna onal climate regime offers many opportuni es for the country to tap into adapta on and mi ga on funding. Such opportuni es include: United Na ons programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforesta on and Forest Degrada on in Developing Countries (UN-REDD), a carbon-based compensa on mechanism for projects that reduce carbon emissions or enhance carbon sinks in developing countries; iden fying projects eligible for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); and access to the Green Climate Fund. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

7.1.1. Establish a Na onal Climate Fund that is supported by a 10% budgetary alloca on from the na onal budget which will finance the climate strategies and the implementa on of this Policy.

7.1.2. Channel funds to support projects in climate change mi ga on, adapta on, disaster risk reduc on and gender- and children-sensi ve grassroots projects in every district of the country.

7.1.3. Develop, review and implement policies to enhance the country's capacity to engage in carbon market ac vi es, strengthen the viability of domes c carbon asset produc on and increase access to interna onal carbon markets and green bonds.

7.1.4. Build capacity to access interna onal climate funds through upscaling REDD+, CDM, GCF and GEF-financed projects, etc under mi ga on and adapta on programmes.

7.1.5. Ensure the accredita on of na onal ins tu ons as na onal implemen ng en es for direct access to GCF and adapta on fund.

7.1.6. Provide an analysis of the annual budget expenditure on climate-related interven ons to determine its impacts on the vulnerable groups.

7.1.7. Establish 0.005% levy of net profit for industries towards na onal green growth. 19

7.2. Foster Collabora on among Na onal and Interna onal Ins tu ons in Climate- related Issues Climate change has impacts at global, regional, na onal and local levels. Tackling problems of the vulnerability of Zimbabwe's systems to climate variability and change can best be undertaken through ght collabora ons among na onal ins tu ons, as well as between Zimbabwe and interna onal ins tu ons. In this regard, specific policies to develop and foster collabora on among local and interna onal ins tu ons in climate related issues are an impera ve. Collabora on among local ins tu ons is important if Zimbabwe has to increase its adap ve capacity to a changing climate. In this regard, the Government shall:

7.2.1. Promote ins tu onal collabora ons that mainstream climate change into urban and rural planning, infrastructure, investments and service delivery.

7.2.2. Ins tu onalise climate change response into strategies, ac ons and budgets of climate sensi ve sectors such as agriculture, wildlife, forestry, rangelands, water, fisheries, se lements, infrastructure and health.

7.2.3. Con nuously research and work together with community based organisa ons and academia to develop adapta on and mi ga on strategies that respond directly to the needs and vulnerabili es of children, youths, women and men, as well as people living with disabili es. Collabora on between Zimbabwe and Interna onal Ins tu ons is important for the country to increase its adapta on and mi ga on capacity to the changing climate. Zimbabwe is a signatory to the UNFCCC, Paris Agreement as well as other mul lateral environmental agreements. In this regard, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

7.2.4. Strengthen domes ca on of the interna onal collabora ve frameworks and mechanisms such as the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol, Vienna Conven on and its Montreal Protocol, and the Paris Agreement.

7.2.5. Facilitate the authorisa on and approval of local organisa ons to par cipate in climate funding projects such as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Reducing Emissions from Deforesta on and Forest Degrada on (REDD+) projects and Green Climate Fund (GCF), Na onally Appropriate Mi ga on Ac ons (NAMAs) and Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN).

7.2.6. Promote the u lisa on of opportuni es for Zimbabwe to mobilise financial resources from interna onal ins tu ons for sustainable forest management and conserva on of its tree and forest resources. 20 Figure 1: Na onal Climate Policy Ins tu onal Framework. Cabinet Commi ee on Climate Change Minister of Environment, Water and Climate Na onal Climate Change Pla orm (Mul -Stakeholder) Department of Technical Sub-Commi ee on Climate Change Climate Change Sub-Commi ees on Capacity Building, Resource Mobiliza on, Advocacy and Awareness Management Provincial Climate Change Pla orm Technical Sub-Commi ee Sub-Commi ee on Capacity Building, Resource Mobiliza on, Advocacy and Awareness Local Urban and Rural (RDC) Authority Climate Change Pla orm Technical Sub-Commi ee Sub-Commi ee on Capacity Building, Resource Mobiliza on, Advocacy and Awareness Community-Based Commi ees (Exis ng Structures) Disaster Risk Management Commi ee Water Point Commi ee Fire Commi ee Home-Based Care Commi ee Environmental Commi ee Neighbourhood Watch etc. 21

7.3. Climate Governance for Climate Ac on Tackling problems of the vulnerability of Zimbabwe's systems to climate variability and change can best be undertaken through clear governance structures for the climate policy implementa on. Climate change adapta on and mi ga on must be integrated into planning and budge ng frameworks of central and decentralised governance structures and capaci es built across ver cal and horizontal levels of governance. Coordina on and climate change management needs to be promoted across various stakeholders at all levels. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

7.3.1. Opera onalize the climate policy through strategies and plans that will be reviewed a er every 5 years.

7.3.2. Strengthen the Climate Change Management Department to coordinate the mainstreaming of climate change across different sectors of the economy.

7.3.3. Promote a bo om-up approach led by local authori es and communi es in decision making, monitoring and evalua on of adapta on and mi ga on measures.

7.3.4. Develop a legisla ve framework to enable the opera onaliza on of na onal strategies and plans.

7.3.5. Promote CSO and private sector par cipa on.

7.3.6. Establish and maintain an inter-sectoral climate change think tank.

7.4. Gender, Social Inclusion and Climate Change The Gender and Climate Forum of the World Climate Conference -3 (WCC-3) concluded that the drivers and consequences of climate change are not gender neutral. Women and men are dis nct carriers, providers and users of climate informa on. They are affected differently by climate impacts, and therefore benefit from more contextualized climate services and interven ons for resilience. Hence it is important that processes and systems that guide the formula on of plans, strategies and budge ng are gender sensi ve and gender responsive to address the climate change related gender inequali es. To this end, the Government of Zimbabwe shall:

7.4.1. Ensure that mi ga on and adapta on strategies are socially inclusive.

7.4.2. Promote gender responsive climate programming and implementa on of climate related policies, strategies and ac ons.

7.4.3. Recognise the gender disaggregated impacts of climate change.

7.4.4. Promote gender responsive mechanisms that con nually enhance climate change mi ga on and adapta on measures at community level through research, mul -stakeholder par cipa on, poli cal commitment and access to informa on.

7.4.5. Provide new and innova ve energy financing mechanisms that are user friendly, accessible and affordable to women, especially rural women and vulnerable or disadvantaged groups.

7.4.6. Promote research, documenta on and dissemina on of the emerging gender dimensions due to climate change.

7.4.7. Promote climate smart technologies that are user friendly for children, youths, women, people living with disabili es and vulnerable or disadvantaged groups.

7.4.8. Mainstream gender segregated approaches in climate change adapta on and mi ga on interven ons. 22 CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION The Na onal Climate Policy provides a framework that calls for mul -stakeholder collabora on, inter- agency coopera on, governance systems and a means to integrate and mainstream climate change into different socio-economic sectors. Based on this Na onal Climate Policy, climate change response strategies shall be formulated and their effec veness monitored in order to achieve a climate resilient na on that pursues a low carbon development pathway. To ensure the effec veness of the Na onal Climate Policy, the development and deployment of an appropriate Monitoring and Evalua on Framework for the relevant strategies is impera ve. 23 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, WATER AND CLIMATE 11th Floor Kaguvi Building Cnr S.V. Muzenda Street and Central Avenue Tel: +263 4 701681/3 www.environment.gov.zw www.climatechange.org.zw