Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025

MFNSS 23 February 2024 Final.cdr Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 Copyright © 2023. Food and Nutri�on Council of Zimbabwe (FNC). All rights reserved. Publica�ons produced by FNC can be obtained from the following website: h�p://fnc.org.zw/documents/ Reproduc�on permission or transla�on-related requests, whether for sale or for non-commercial distribu�on, should be addressed to the Knowledge Management Manager by e-mail at: info@fnc.org.zw Recommended cita�on: Food and Nutri�on Council (2023). Mul�-Sectoral Na�onal Food and Nutri�on Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025. http://fnc.org.zw/documents/ PREFACE Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 1 Pursuant of the overarching goal “to become an empowered and prosperous middle-income society by 2030”, and to align with the National Development Strategy (NDS) 1 (January 2021- December 2025), the Government of Zimbabwe has developed, among other sectoral plans, the Multi-Sectoral National Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 (MFNSS 2023- 2025). The NDS1 is the first 5-year Medium Term Plan aimed at realising the country's Vision 2030, while simultaneously addressing the global aspirations of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Africa Agenda 2063. The Food and Nutrition Security Policy (FNSP) for Zimbabwe was promulgated in 2012 and officially launched in 2013. The overarching goal of the Food and Nutrition Security Policy for Zimbabwe remains to “promote and ensure adequate food and nutrition security for all people at all times in Zimbabwe, particularly amongst the most vulnerable and in line with our cultural norms and values and the concept of rebuilding and maintaining family dignity”. Improving the food security and nutritional status of its citizens is a major priority of the Government. Improving nutrition involves interventions in health and other sectors; thus policies, strategies and plans of the health, agriculture, livestock, water and sanitation sectors emphasise food security and optimum nutrition. The concerted efforts by multi-stakeholders in curbing food and nutrition challenges has seen a shift in the modus operandi. The coordinated multi-sectoral response has seen the adoption of nutrition sensitive programming around key sectors of the economy augmented by vibrant multi-stakeholder platforms at all levels. Although there is a triple burden of malnutrition, shown by the co-existence of undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, it is important to note that the country is on track to achieve most of its World Health Assembly targets. Some of the food and nutrition security challenges are attributable to the increased frequency and severity of climate related shocks, health related shocks and macro- economic challenges faced by the country. COVID-19 has further exacerbated the challenges mainly by affecting livelihoods. Now that the macro-economic and exchange rate volatility has been stabilised through implementation of the Transitional Stabilization Programme (2018-2020) and several economic instruments, the Government of Zimbabwe commits itself to tackling and reducing the growing and persistent problems of food and nutrition insecurity and malnutrition in Zimbabwe through implementation of the MFNSS (2023-2025). The MFNSS (2023-2025) builds on the achievements that have so far been made in food and nutrition security in Zimbabwe. The MFNSS (2023-2025) is a culmination of wide and extensive consultations with citizens, stakeholders, and development partners on what worked well and what did not work well in the policy imperatives and strategies of implementation encapsulated in the FNSP Implementation Matrix. Furthermore, the MFNSS operationalises the SADC Regional Food and Nutrition Strategy (2015-2025), whose goal is to significantly reduce food and nutrition insecurity in the SADC Region by 2025. PREFACE Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 22 I strongly commend this Strategic Plan to the people of Zimbabwe and wish to thank our international, regional, and development partners who have assisted in developing the Strategy. I urge all stakeholders including Government, UN organisations, donors, the private sector, NGOs and civil society, and research and academic institutions to continue to commit sufficient resources and expertise to the multi-sectoral coordination and effective implementation of this strategic document and help Zimbabwe achieve its vision to become “an empowered and prosperous upper middle- income society by 2030”. FOREWORD Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 3 Food and nutrition security is achieved when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to food, which is consumed in sufficient quantity and quality to meet their dietary needs and food preferences, and is supported by an environment of adequate sanitation, health services and care, 1allowing for a healthy and active life . Food and nutrition insecurity are caused by inadequate intake of food, with respect to quality and quantity, which results in malnutrition. Malnutrition has two-pronged negative developmental consequences for the country; undernutrition and over-nutrition. Undernutrition poses significant and long-term challenges to the development agenda of the country including increased morbidity and mortality of mothers and children in the first 1000 days of life, impaired physical and mental development in children, increased susceptibility to diseases, poor educational attainment, productivity, income generating potential and poverty. Zimbabwe is also facing an increasingly worrying trend of over-nutrition (obesity) caused by excessive intake of calories, with concomitant increase in the proportion of the population suffering and dying from over-nutrition related Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers. Increased hospitalisations and demand for drugs to manage these NCDs puts a significant strain on the public health system and on scarce foreign currency reserves. To arrest the food and nutrition insecurity and its wide-ranging and significant impacts on the social and economic development of Zimbabwe, multi-sectoral consultations were carried out to review the progress made in implementing the Food and Nutrition Security Policy as highlighted in the implementation matrix. Stakeholder workshops and focus group discussions were held with a wide range of stakeholders to gather ideas on lessons learnt from food and nutrition security interventions implemented since the development of the Food and Nutrition Security Policy and the National Nutrition Strategy (NNS) 2014-2018 so as to improve the goals and implementation strategies of the MFNSS 2023-2025. Zimbabwe is signatory to several international and regional food and nutrition security conventions, including the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Scaling-Up Nutrition (SUN), African Regional Nutrition Strategy (ARNS), Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), Africa Agenda 2063, and the SADC Regional Food and Nutrition Strategy 2015- 2025. The Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 (MFNSS 2023- 2025) provides a multi-sectoral policy framework and implementation matrix to guide food and nutrition programmes by Government, civil society and other development partners aimed at reducing food and nutrition insecurity, malnutrition and all its attendant negative developmental consequences in Zimbabwe. 1United Na�ons Standing Commi�ee on Nutri�on 2013. h�ps://www.unscn.org/files/Annual Sessions/UNSCN Mee�ngs 2013/Wus tefeld Final MoM FNS concept.pdf FOREWORD Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 4 The MFNSS 2023-2025 is anchored on the overarching aspiration “to become an empowered and prosperous upper middle-income society by 2030” as enshrined in Zimbabwe's Vision 2030. The MFNSS 2023-2025 explicitly links Zimbabwe's food and nutrition targets, interventions and indicators within health, education, agriculture, water and sanitation, women and youth, social protection, and other relevant policies under the coordination of the Food and Nutrition Council. The National Development Strategy 1 (NDS 1 2021-2025) provides an implementation framework for the MFNSS 2023-2025 on which sector initiatives will be premised and built based on coordinated and specific food and nutrition sensitive interventions across government ministries, departments, local and traditional authorities in Zimbabwe. This strategy represents the country's strong commitment to ensure the availability of adequate and nutritious food for its people as enshrined in the bill of rights of the Zimbabwe Constitution. The implementation, documentation and learning will follow the accompanying Monitoring and Evaluation Framework developed within a broader Integrated Results Based Management. On behalf of His Excellency the President of the Republic of Zimbabwe, Dr E.D. Mnangagwa and the people of Zimbabwe, I extend our sincere and heartfelt gratitude to all international, regional, and local development partners who assisted in the development of this strategy. Government recognises and appreciates the sterling efforts and inputs of the multi-sectoral technical team that participated in the formulation of the Strategy, under the excellent leadership and coordination of the Food and Nutrition Council. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARDAS Agriculture Rural Development Advisory Services AMA Agriculture Marketing Authority ARNS African Regional Nutrition Strategy AU African Union BEAM Basic Education Assistance Module CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CAMPFIRE Community Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources CCZ Consumer Council of Zimbabwe CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research CHWs Community Health Workers COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease of 2019 CSA Climate-Smart Agriculture CSO Civil Society Organization DDC District Development Committee DDF District Development Fund DR & SS Department of Research and Specialist Services DSD Department of Social Development EHD Environmental Health Department FAO Food Agriculture Organization FNC Food and Nutrition Council FNMT Food and Nutrition Management Team FNS Food and Nutrition Security FNSCs Food and Nutrition Security Committees FNSP Food and Nutrition Security Policy GAL Government Analyst Laboratories GAP Good Agricultural Practices GDP Gross Domestic Product GBV Gender Based Violence GMB Grain Marketing Board GoZ Government of Zimbabwe HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point HGSFP Home Grown School Feeding Programme HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ISAL Internal Saving and Lending KRA Key Result Area MCBM Multi-Sectoral Community Based Model to Food and Nutrition Security for Stunting Reduction Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 5 M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MFNSS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy MSPs Multi-Sectoral Platforms NAPF National Agriculture Policy Framework NCD Non-Communicable Disease N4G Nutrition for Growth NDS1 National Development Strategy1 NNS National Nutrition Strategy NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization OPC Office of the President and Cabinet OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children PDC Provincial Development Committee PFNSC Provincial Food and Nutrition Security Committee POTRAZ Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe RBZ Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe RDC Rural District Council RLA Rural Livelihoods Assessment RVAA Regional Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Society SADC Southern African Development Community SAZ Standards Association of Zimbabwe SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SIRDC Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises SUN Scaling-Up Nutrition SUNRAP Scaling Up Nutrition Research and Academia Platform TSP Transitional Stabilization Programme UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WFP World Food Programme WHA World Health Assembly WHO World Health Organisation ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 6 ZDHS Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey ZESA Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (Holdings) ZIMSTAT Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency ZIMVAC Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee ZINWA Zimbabwe National Water Authority ZRP Zimbabwe Republic Police ZWL Zimbabwean Dollar ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 8 PREFACE 1 FOREWORD 3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8 LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST OF FIGURES 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12 1 BACKGROUND 19 1.1 Global Context 19 1.2 African Context 19 1.3 Regional Contex 20 1.4 National Context 21 1.5 Investment Case For Food And Nutrition Security 23 1.6 Why A Multi-Sectoral National Food And Nutrition Security Strategy Is Needed 25 1.7 Process of Developing The MFNSS 2023-2025 26 1.8 Content of The MFNSS 26 2 SITUATION ANALYSIS 29 2.1 Social and Economic Development Situation 29 2.2 Social Assistance and Social Protection 29 2.3 Agriculture and Food Security 30 2.4 Food Safety, Quality and Food Standards 31 2.5 Nutrition Security 32 2.6 National Capacity for Food and Nutrition Security Coordination 36 and Implementation 3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 38 3.1 Conceptual Framework for Food and Nutrition Security 38 3.2 Key Result Areas and Linkages Between Them 40 4 PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES OF THE MFNSS 2023-2025 43 4.1 Vision 43 4.2 Mission 43 4.3 Purpose of the Strategy 43 4.4 Guiding Principles 43 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 5 KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 46 5.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area 46 5.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 46 Stakeholders and Implementers 6 KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 53 6.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area 53 6.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 55 Stakeholders and Implementers 7 KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 65 7.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area 65 7.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 67 Stakeholders and Implementers 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 75 8.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area 75 8.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 76 Stakeholders and Implementers 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 9.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area 86 9.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 87 Stakeholders and Implementers 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: 95 ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 10.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area 95 10.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 96 Stakeholders and Implementers 11 KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING 106 CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 11.1 Rationale for Key Result Area 106 11.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, 108 Stakeholders and Implementers 12 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 116 12.1 Cabinet Committee on Food and Nutrition Security 116 12.2 The Food and Nutrition Council 117 12.3 Decentralised Structures Responsible for Implementation of the Policy 117 12.4 Roles and Responsibilities of Lead Sector Ministries and Agencies in 117 Food and Nutrition Security LIST OF ANNEXURES Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 10 13 ANNEXES 119 13.1 Annex 1. Key Result Area 1 - Policy Analysis and Advice 119 13.2 Annex 2. Key Result Area 2 - Agriculture and Food Security 124 13.3 Annex 3: Key Result Area 3 - Social Protection 129 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards 134 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security 142 13.6 Annex 6: Key Result Area 6: Food and Nutrition Information: 148 Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning 13.7 Annex 7: Key Result Area 7: Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities 152 for Food and Nutrition Security Glossary of Terms 156 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 11 Table 1: Agricultural Production (000): 2018-22 30 Table 2: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Policy Analysis and Advice 47 Table 3: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Agriculture and Food Security 56 Table 4: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Social Protection 68 Table 5: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Food Safety, Quality and Standards 77 Table 6: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Nutrition Security 88 Table 7: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Food and Nutrition Information: Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning 97 Table 8: Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, and Responsible Stakeholders for Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities for Food and Nutrition Security 109 Table 9: Key Result Area and Lead Sector Ministries or Agencies 118 Figure 1: Rural and Urban Food Insecurity Trends 31 Figure 2: Trends in National Stunting Prevalence 33 Figure 3: Rural and Urban Stunting Trends 33 Figure 4: 34 Figure 5: Trends in national prevalence of Underweight, Wasting and Overweight 34 Figure 6: Trends in National Anaemia Prevalence Among Women of Child-Bearing Age (15 - 49 years) Figure 7: Trends in National EBF Prevalence Trends in Low Birth Weight 35 36 Figure 8: Food and Nutrition Security Committees Figure 9: Conceptual Framework for Food and Nutrition Security 38 Figure 10: Key Result Areas and Linkages 40 Figure 11: Structures for the Implementation of the MFNSS 116 35 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. INTRODUCTION The Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (MFNSS), with inputs from key Government sectors, quasi-government institutions and the private sector, operationalises the Government of Zimbabwe's (GoZ) commitment to achievement of food and nutrition security for all as articulated under Priority Area 2, in the National Development Strategy 1 (NDS1) 2021-2025, and the Food and Nutrition Security Policy of 2012. In addition, the MFNSS is designed to situate Zimbabwe in a position to achieve Aspiration 1 of Agenda 2063 of the African Union and the SADC Food and Nutrition Security Strategy 2015-2025 which call upon member states to invest in the food and nutrition security and health of their citizens. In line with the strategic thrust of NDS1, the MFNSS seeks to reduce the food insecurity from 59% to less than 10% by 2025, improve food self-sufficiency from 45% to 100%, reduce the national prevalence of under-five stunting from 23.5% to 17% and reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in women of childbearing age from 27% to 13% over the same period. With these improvements in food and nutrition security, it is expected that the MFNSS will contribute to the health, education and general well-being of the country's population, and thereby, provide the much-needed impetus for economic and social development that will enable the country to achieve its vision of “an empowered and prosperous upper middle-income society by 2030”. The MFNSS was developed through a broad stakeholder consultative process. It embraced the Devolution and Decentralization Policy (2020) imperatives of the Government of Zimbabwe, by incorporating Provincial and District Food and Nutrition Security Committees as well as District and Provincial Development Committees, not only in strategy formulation, but also in the institutional framework for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the strategy. The MFNSS outlines goals, strategies, policies and legal and institutional framework as well as core food and nutrition security actions that are evidence –based, integrated and take due cognisance of the multi-sectoral involvement of key sectors such as Agriculture, Education, Health, Gender and Social Services in the effective delivery of comprehensive food and nutrition security interventions in Zimbabwe. B. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STRATEGY The situational analysis for the MFNSS positions the strategy within the current global context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, and 17 as well as regional and Zimbabwe-specific food and nutrition security contexts. This section gives a particular emphasis on the impact of food and nutrition on the health and well-being of the country's population, as well as social and economic development performance. The strategy also takes cognisance of emerging crises such as climate change and COVID-19 on food and nutrition, social and economic development in Zimbabwe. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 12 ²h�ps://www.who.int/publica�ons/i/item/9789240025257 Zimbabwe has realised improvements in the nutrition status of vulnerable groups and is on track to achieve most of the World Health Assembly goals. However, there still is a triple burden of malnutrition, characterised by overnutrition, undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in both children under five and women of childbearing age. It is important to note that malnutrition is not only because of hunger but may relate to non-food factors, such as inadequate care practices for children, insufficient health services and an unhealthy environment. On a positive note, the national food insecurity prevalence has decreased from 56% in 2020 to 38% in 2022. The Government of Zimbabwe is commended for its interventions that largely contributed to the decrease in the national food insecurity prevalence. However, climate change-induced weather phenomena, such as prolonged dry spells and droughts remain a big challenge. Globally, commitments to end hunger by 2015 have not been fully achieved with an estimated one fifth (21.3%) of children under 5 years of age (144 million) stunted, 5.6% overweight (38.3 million), at least 340 million children suffering from micronutrient deficiency, and 32.8% of women of child- bearing age still suffering from anaemia . 2 In Africa, food and nutrition insecurity remains a challenge, with an estimated 256 million hungry people according to the 2019 FAO Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition. Approximately 44.8 million people in rural and urban areas are currently food insecure in the SADC region. Consequently, stunting was estimated at 29.3% (2 million) of children below the age of five, 8% higher than the global average of 21.3%. Wasting (3.5%) and overweight (13%) challenges in under-five children in southern Africa are also above global averages according to UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates 2019. C. THE INVESTMENT CASE FOR THE MFNSS The economic, human and development costs of food and nutrition insecurity to Zimbabwe are wide- ranging and multifaceted. Nutrition-related factors contribute to about 45% of deaths in children under-five years of age. In addition, maternal malnutrition affects the health and nutrition outcomes of children and has been linked with stunting and its associated effects on future productivity and earning potential of affected children. The World Bank estimates that undernourished children are at risk of losing 2-3 years of schooling, about 10% of their lifetime earning potential, thus affecting national productivity due to malnutrition in the first 1000 days. The burden of the micronutrient deficiencies in Zimbabwe is estimated to cost the health system and families an excess of about USD4 million per year. Anaemia in children 6-59 months of age is contributing to the future productivity loss of more than USD16 million per annum, while in adult women and men, it is contributing to a labour performance deficit of USD43 million per annum (Food Fortification Strategy, 2014). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 13 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025257 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025257 Impressive economic benefits of investment in actions to improve food systems, diets and nutrition have been recorded worldwide. It is estimated that a USD18 return is achieved from every USD1 invested in reducing wasting and stunting. Improving Zimbabwe's food and nutrition security has potential to have a net positive effect by adding a 2-3 percentage point increase to the country's GDP. Adequate nutrition in the first 1000 days (from conception to 24 months of age), especially, will be crucial in ensuring normal physical, physiological, and cognitive development of children and their future abilities to fully contribute to social and economic development of the country. D. STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE MFNSS A total of thirteen chapters constitute the MFNSS, three of which are introductory and layout the background, the most recent data and trends regarding food and nutrition security in the country and the conceptual framework used to configure the interventions. Chapter 4 outlines the vision, mission and guiding principles of the MFNSS, while Chapters 5-11 set out the rationale, the goals and key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators, justification, and key actors responsible for implementation of each of the KRAs. Chapter 12 describes the institutional arrangements to implement the strategy, while Chapter 13 presents the financial requirements for implementing the five-year strategy and strategies to mobilise the resources. E. VISION, MISSION AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE MFNSS The Vision of the MFNSS is “Food and nutrition security for all Zimbabweans by 2025”. Its Mission is “To provide a multi-sectoral guiding framework for coordinated food and nutrition security interventions in Zimbabwe”. Guiding Principles: The successful implementation of the MFNSS is premised on a number of guiding principles. Among them is that “no one and no place should be left behind”. To achieve this, the strategy has mainstreamed, gender equality and the involvement, participation, and direct targeting of population groups at risk of exclusion such as youth, adolescents, people living with HIV and AIDS, persons living with disabilities, the elderly, orphans and other vulnerable children, and people in institutions of special care. F. KEY RESULT AREAS FOR THE MFNSS F1. The MFNSS has seven Key Result Areas (KRAs) aligned to the FNSP, and these are: ● KRA 1 Policy Analysis and Advice. ● KRA 2 Agriculture and Food Security. ● KRA 3 Social Protection. ● KRA 4 Food Safety, Quality and Standards. ● KRA 5 Nutrition Security. ● KRA 6 Food and Nutrition Security Information. ● KRA 7 Enhancing and Strengthening Capacity for Food and Nutrition Security. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 14 G. RATIONALE, GOALS AND PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR KRAs OF THE MFNSS The rationale, goals and key strategies for each Key Result Area are articulated in the MFNSS. The goals are summarised hereunder. Key Result Area 1 Policy Analysis and Advice Goals of the KRA i. Harmonize existing and emerging policies, strategies and guidelines that promote food and nutrition security by 2025. ii. Conduct evidence-based advocacy and communication for food and nutrition security by 2025. iii. Monitor and evaluate implementation of policies, strategies and guidelines that support food and nutrition security by 2025. Key Result Area 2: Agriculture and Food Security Goals of the KRA i. Become self-sufficient in cereals, horticulture, livestock, legumes and aquaculture at national level by 2025. ii. Increase the proportion of households with acceptable food consumption score from 35% in 2022 to 75% by 2025. iii. Increase domestic production, supply, and consumption of foods rich in micronutrients by 2025. iv. Increase the proportion of households with improved source of livelihoods by 2025. v. Increase the proportion of farmers adopting climate-smart agriculture practices. Key Result Area 3: Social Protection Goals of the KRA i. Relevant programmes under social protection are nutrition-sensitive by 2025. ii. Increase coverage of social assistance rendered to those identified as vulnerable from 65% in 2022 to 85% by 2025 iii. Increase household resilience to cope with shocks by 2025 iv. Integrate social protection and nutrition sensitive activities and projects within communities and schools by 2025. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 15 Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goals of the KRA i. Facilitate the production, processing, and distribution of safe and quality food across crop and livestock value chains in Zimbabwe by 2025. ii. Increase consumer led demand for safe and quality food by 50% by 2025. iii. Strengthen capacity and enforcement of national food safety legislation throughout the crop and livestock products value chain. iv. Promulgate coordinated, sound and relevant food safety and quality standards, legislation and policies by 2025. v. Mainstreaming household hygiene, sanitation and waste management in all food and nutrition programmes in the country. Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security Goals of the KRA i. Increase the proportion of infants and young children receiving a minimum acceptable diet from 10.7% to 25% by 2025. ii. Increase investment towards nutrition and health services by 2025. iii. Improve nutritious/healthy food choices for consumers. Key Result Area 6: Food and Nutrition Information: Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning Goals of the KRA i. A secure and integrated central repository for the storage, retrieval, maintenance, and updating of information is established by 2025. ii. Timely collection, collation, and dissemination of up to date, accurate, and disaggregated food and nutrition security information for informing policy, programming and tracking of national, regional and global food and nutrition targets by 2025. iii. Timely provision of climate related information to households by 2025. Key Result Area 7: Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities for Food and Nutrition Security Goals of the KRA i. All women have the capacity to safely provide for their food, health and nutrition security needs using appropriate technologies by 2025. ii. Human capital development and innovation occurs at all levels (household, village, ward, community, district, provincial and national), to promote food and nutrition security by 2025. iii. Enhance food and nutrition governance at all levels. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 16 H. Structures for the Implementation of the MFNSS A Cabinet Committee on Food and Nutrition Security, chaired by The Honourable Vice President of Zimbabwe, shall make key decisions on resource allocation to food and nutrition interventions, while the Working Party of Permanent Secretaries on Food and Nutrition Security will be responsible for implementation of the MFNSS through the various Government ministries and parastatals which they represent. Each sector ministry will budget for and implement strategies allocated to it in the MFNSS in collaboration with other relevant stakeholders. The sector ministries will mainstream MFNSS indicators into their RBM targets, periodically evaluate effectiveness and share lessons with others. The Food and Nutrition Council (FNC) will coordinate the implementation of the MFNSS by various Government departments, civil society organizations, international organisations, and academic institutions. The FNC will also convene the Scaling-Up Nutrition (SUN) movement in Zimbabwe and facilitate the functioning of networks critical for food and nutrition security coordination and implementation. The FNC will provide a “watchdog role” and carry out research, advocacy, operational capacity building and policy advice, as well as monitor and evaluate implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) responses. The FNC will work together with other multisectoral platforms like ZimVAC, Advisory Group on Food and Nutrition Security and the High Level Multi Stakeholder Food and Nutrition Forum to ensure evidence is available to inform programming and implementation. Food and Nutrition Security Committees (FNSCs) at Ward, District and Provincial Level, chaired by the Ministry responsible for Agriculture, will coordinate multi-sectoral implementation of the MFNSS and actualize interventions at all administrative levels in keeping with the Devolution and Decentralization Policy (2020). Development Partners and the Private Sector will partner with the Government on all programmes advancing food and nutrition security goals stated in the MFNSS and will be given an enabling policy and intervention space by the Government. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 17 Background and Situa�onal Analysis SECTION A 18 1.1 Global Context In 2015, countries around the globe committed to ending hunger, food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition. The State of Food and Nutrition Security in the World 2020 report states that progress towards achieving SDG 2, target 2.1- Ensuring access to safe, nutritious food for all people all year round and target 2.2 – Eradicating all forms of malnutrition is off track, thus the agenda to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 is unlikely to be achieved. An estimated 21.3% of children under 5 years of age (144 million) are stunted, 5.6% are overweight (38.3 million) while at least 340 million children have micronutrient deficiencies. The same report also revealed that the world is unlikely to meet the 2025 targets on reduction of anaemia in women of childbearing age (32.8%), and childhood wasting (7.3%). Threats to progress are numerous and multi-pronged including inefficient food systems, conflict, climate change, economic instability, and the emergence of COVID-19 in 2019. Food systems that inadequately address the way food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, and consumed increasingly threaten food and nutrition security as millions are unable to eat healthily or afford nutritious diets. Current food consumption patterns also impact SDG 3 – Ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages and SDG 13 – Climate Action, as cost of diet is linked to mortality. In recognition of the above, the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement Strategy 3.0 for 2021-2025 calls for strengthened partnerships to achieve greater impact on nutrition through food systems, health systems, social protection systems, education, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and climate adaptation (SUN Strategy 3.0). These efforts will positively influence collective attainment of the 2025 global targets agreed by the World Health Assembly in 2012, namely: 40% reduction of the global number of children under 5 who are stunted; 50% reduction of anaemia in women of reproductive age; 30% reduction of low birth weight; Increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first 6 months up to at least 50%; No increase in childhood overweight; and reducing and maintaining childhood wasting to less than 5% (SUN movement, 2014). Global commitment towards ensuring everyone, everywhere accesses good nutrition to lead a healthy and productive life are also supported by the Nutrition for Growth (N4G) global effort through support of evidence-based nutrition policies, nutrition specific interventions and nutrition sensitive programming . 3 1.2 African Context Despite the existence of many effective policy tools, the 2019 FAO Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition report states that the prevalence of undernourishment was rising on the continent with 256 million food insecure people in Africa. The report also states that while nutrition outcomes are improving across Africa, progress towards reducing malnutrition and the six key WHA nutrition targets is slow. Consequently, many of the continent’s countries will not attain the 2025 global targets. Africa's food insecurity has been rising in recent years and it is unlikely that the continent will eliminate hunger by 2030. Key drivers of rising food insecurity on the continent include economic h�ps://nutri�onforgrowth.org/³ CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 19 factors which compound commodity prices, climate extremities and conflict. Availability of fiscal space to achieve the desired policy action, development of policies and investments that diversify economies, promotion of inclusive structural transformation, and reduction of inequalities are essential for strengthening household resilience, reducing food insecurity, and tackling the multiple forms of malnutrition (FAO, ECA and AUC. 2020. Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition, 2019). As the continent's backbone is agriculture, New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) formulated the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). CAADP is a commitment by African countries to pursue economic growth through agriculture-led development to reduce poverty and hunger on the continent and serves as a policy framework for agricultural transformation, wealth creation, food and nutrition security, economic growth, and prosperity for all. The African Regional Nutrition Strategy (ARNS) 2015-2025 aspires to build upon and replicate good policies, programmes and practices that are adaptable to context specific conditions in recognition of the multi-dimensional nature of the malnutrition problem and new trends that almost all AU countries are experiencing not only underweight but overweight, obesity and associated non-communicable diseases (ARNS, 2015 – 2025). Aspiration 1 of the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063 calls upon African countries to invest in food security, health and nutrition. Declarations, such as the 2014 African Union Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods and the 2001 Abuja Declaration further reinforce Africa's commitment to end hunger and achieve food and nutrition security for all. 1.3 Regional Context The 2020 Synthesis Report on the State of Food and Nutrition Security and Vulnerability in Southern Africa reveals that the number of food insecure people, lacking reliable access to sufficient quantity of nutritious food, had increased by almost 10% in 2020 due to combined effects of droughts, Cyclone Idai and the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 2019. Approximately, 44.8 million people in rural and urban Southern Africa were food insecure and urgent action to address both urban and rural food insecurity at the different levels of causality that recognise the multi-disciplinary nature of food and nutrition insecurity portrayed in the Conceptual Framework is pivotal. Stunting in the region was 23.3%, wasting at 3.9% and overweight prevalence at 12.1% among children under five years of age (UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates 2020) . In line with Agenda 2063 4 Aspiration 1, SADC strengthened member states to address the growing challenge of food and nutrition insecurity in the region, and has developed and launched the SADC Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (FNSS) (2015-2025) to improve food availability by increasing production, productivity and competitiveness; improving access to adequate and appropriate food in terms of quality and quantity; improving the utilisation of nutritious, healthy, diverse and safe food for consumption under adequate biological and social environments with proper health care; and ensuring stable and sustainable availability, access and utilisation of food. ⁴UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group , Joint Child Malnutri�on Es�mates, 2021 CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 20 The RVAA 2020 Report, states that COVID-19 and lockdowns had a devastating impact on food and nutrition security in Southern Africa through unique additional shocks to livelihoods, particularly among the urban poor who are dependent on informal employment, with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), South Africa and Zimbabwe carrying the largest share of the region's caseload of individuals who are food insecure (RVAA, 2020). 1.4 National Context This Multisectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (MFNSS) (2023-2025) operationalises the food and nutrition security strategies prioritised in the National Development Strategy 1 (NDS1) (2021- 2025) and the Food and Nutrition Security Policy. The NDS1 was launched by the Government of Zimbabwe on 16 November 2020. The NDS1 outlines the strategies, policies, legal and institutional reforms and the programmes and projects that will be implemented over the five-year period, 2021- 2025, to achieve accelerated, high, inclusive, broad based and sustainable economic growth as well as socio-economic transformation and development. The NDS1 has nine priority areas, and Food and Nutrition Security is one of them . It is aligned to the 5 SDGs, the global 2030 agenda, the SADC Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (2015-2025) and the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). Through food and nutrition security interventions, NDS1 seeks to restore Zimbabwe's regional breadbasket status, in the process improving food self-sufficiency from the baseline of 45% to 100% and reducing food insecurity from the baseline of 59% to less than 10% by 2025. The NDS1 advances nutrition security as a key contributor to human capital development, which is critical for the attainment of socio-economic transformation and development. NDS1 is a medium-term plan for the achievement of Zimbabwe's Vision 2030 . 6 Through the MFNSS, strategic investments are prioritised and channelled to seven Key Result Areas7 aligned to the Food and Nutrition Security Policy to ensure that all people in the country, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs for an active and healthy life. The Strategy directly tackles the food insecurity situation in both rural and urban areas, attributed to low productivity in crop and livestock agriculture, vulnerability to climate change, macro-economic policy shocks and lately, adverse impacts of COVID-19. During the period 2015 to 2022, the proportion of food-insecure rural population ranged between 30% and 59%, while urban vulnerability also increased reaching 30% by 2020 (ZimVAC Reports). ⁵ The nine NDS1 priority areas are Economic Growth and Stability; Food and Nutri�on Security; Governance; Moving the Economy up the Value Chain & Structural Transforma�on; Human Capital Development; Environmental Protec�on, Climate Resilience and Natural Resource; Management; Housing Delivery; Digital Economy; Health and Well-being; Infrastructure & U�li�es; Image Building and Interna�onal Engagement and Re-engagement; Social Protec�on; Youth, Sport and Culture; and Devolu�on. ⁶ Government of Zimbabwe, 2020. “Towards a Prosperous & Empowered Upper Middle-Income Society by 2030”: Na�onal Development Strategy 1: January 2021 – December 2025, 16 November 2020. ⁷ They are 1) Policy Analysis and Advice; 2) Agriculture and Food Security; 3) Social Protec�on and Social Assistance; 4) Food Safety, Quality and Standards; 5) Nutri�on Security; 6) Food and Nutri�on Security Informa�on; and 7) Enhancing and Strengthening Capacity for Food and Nutri�on Security. CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 21 Zimbabwe's commitment to addressing food and nutrition insecurity is evidenced by significant positive gains. However, the efforts need to be further intensified and scaled-up, as a collective effort that harnesses the capacities in Government, development partners, civil society, the private sector, and academic and research institutions, in addition to changes in behaviour in ordinary people, their households and communities. The country still faces a triple burden of malnutrition, with at least one in five children suffering from chronic malnutrition, 2.2% suffering from overnutrition and one in three suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. It is important to note that malnutrition is not only because of hunger but may relate to non-food factors, such as inadequate care practices for children, insufficient health services, and an unhealthy environment. The country's stunting average is 23.5% (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2019). National underweight and wasting prevalence are low at 9,3% and 3% respectively (MICS, 2019). The prevalence of all these three indicators is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas with children in the lowest wealth quintile households (28%) being twice more likely to be stunted than those in the highest wealth quintile households (14%) (ZimVAC RLA 2019). Childhood overweight and obesity stand at 4.2% and 2.2% respectively (ZimVAC RLA 2022) while the same indicators among women aged 15-49 years of age stand at 25.9% and 7.6% respectively. Micronutrient deficiencies such as anaemia in children 27.3% and 15.6% for Women of Child Bearing Age , Vitamin A deficiency (21.2%) and iodine deficiency disorders (15.8%) are additional challenges 8 9 identified in the NDS 1, which the country needs to urgently address. These latter two indicators (Vitamin A deficiency and Iodine deficiency disorders) however have no recent prevalence statistics. Malnutrition negatively affects cognitive development, compromises education outcomes, and partly causes short stature. These consequences of malnutrition affect children in adulthood, by reducing their productive potential and income earnings, apart from making them more susceptible to non- communicable diseases. The NDS1 therefore targets to reduce under-five stunting from 23.5% to 17% and the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in women of child-bearing age from 27% to 13% by 2025. The MFNSS adopts these targets and articulates specific strategies for achieving them guided by the latest evidence on both nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive programming. Stunting and micronutrient deficiency disorders in children under five can be attributed to inadequate dietary diversity that often follows the untimely introduction of complementary foods. Women's dietary diversity is also very low across the country. Groups that are highly vulnerable to malnutrition in Zimbabwe include child headed households, orphans, people with disabilities and chronic illness and the elderly who lack land, assets, finance or the ability to work. ⁸Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (2015). ⁹Micronutrient Survey Report (2012). CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 22 ¹⁰ Second Round Crop and Livestock Assessment Report 2021/2022 Season (2022). Ministry Of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development. h�ps://fscluster.org/zimbabwe/document/2022-second-round-crop-and-livestock The estimated maize production for the 2021/2022 season was 1 557 914 Mt which was a 43% decrease from the 2 717 171Mt produced in the 2020/2021 season. Traditional grains production for the 2021/2022 season was estimated at 194 100MT representing a 44% decrease from 347 968Mt in 2020/2021 and sorghum production was estimated at 144 633MT, 41% lower than 244 063Mt obtained during the 2020/2021 season . To some extent, the increased frequency and occurrences 10 of climate, economic and health related shocks can be attributed to this decline in production of the staple cereals. According to the 2015 ZIMSTAT Poverty Report, about 70% of the country's population is dependent upon rain-fed agriculture to meet their food, nutrition and livelihood needs. Therefore, agriculture plays an important role in addressing the burden of malnutrition in the country. In this regard, the National Agriculture Policy Framework (NAPF) (2018-2030) gives clear guidance for the agriculture sector to contribute to more positive nutrition outcomes. The first pillar of the NAPF focuses on food and nutrition security and its two objectives are to: (i) facilitate the implementation of policies that promote crop diversity and availability of nutritious food from own production and local markets, and (ii) support the development and enforcement of micronutrient intervention related policies. One of the guiding principles of the NAPF states that Zimbabwe's agricultural sector will be nutrition sensitive. Investments and interventions in agriculture will put nutritionally rich foods, dietary diversity, and food fortification (bio-fortification and industrial fortification) at the heart of overcoming malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. The main cereal produced is maize. It is grown even in drought prone areas where the crop does not do well due to low rainfall. It is thus imperative to diversify food production and consumption away from maize-based diets to other nutrient dense food crops. While Zimbabwe has social protection assistance and safety nets in the form of food assistance, cash transfers, health assistance, education assistance including school feeding to address food and nutrition insecurity, most interventions are not nutrition sensitive and do not take cognisance of varying nutritional needs of the vulnerable. 1.5 Investment Case for Food and Nutrition Security Adequate food and nutrition security are a fundamental human right and a global commitment by Zimbabwe in the form of NDS 1 and SDG 2. Malnutrition, specifically stunting, has life-long effects on a child's ability to develop and actively participate in future economic activity. Evidence has shown that the first 1000 days after conception CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 23 https://fscluster.org/zimbabwe/document/2022-second-round-crop-and-livestock are very vital for brain development and the cognitive and linear growth of a child. Any physiological deficiency during this period can lead to both short- and long-term consequences. School performance is estimated to be reduced by the equivalent of 2 – 3 years of schooling, which has a negative effect on earning potential in later life, estimated to be equivalent to a reduction of 22% of wage earnings . If child health and development are hindered at an early stage of life, it is not easy to 11 reverse the delays in physical and mental development, hence the focus on optimising nutrition during the first 1,000-day window of life. In addition, micronutrient deficiencies such as iron, iodine, vitamin A, folate and zinc can have devastating consequences. According to the ZDHS 2015, there has been a decrease in anaemia prevalence in Zimbabwe, possibly attributed to Government programmes such as food fortification initiatives like micronutrient powder supplementation; mass drug administration, agricultural land ownership and improved water and sanitation. However, about a third of children 6-24 months of age in Zimbabwe are at risk of impaired cognitive development due to iron deficiency, while anaemia during pregnancy contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths, 15-34% perinatal, neonatal and child death and 5-17% reduction in work productivity among adults. More than 900,000 children are born at risk of intellectual impairments due to poor maternal iron status in Zimbabwe. The estimated intellectual losses for these new-borns range from 5 to 10 IQ points and contribute to about 2.5% loss of future earnings. Insufficient intake of vitamin A places about 21% of children under 5 years and 24% of women of child-bearing age at risk of nutritional blindness. An estimated 400,000 preschool children are vitamin A deficient, leading to a compromised immune system and increased mortality risk. Approximately 2/1,000 children are born each year with severe birth defects due to maternal folate deficiency while about 10% of all childhood deaths in Zimbabwe can be attributed to deficiencies in vitamin A, iron, folic acid and zinc. The burden of the micronutrient deficiencies is estimated to cost the health system and families an excess of about USD4 million per year. Anaemia in children 6-59 months of age is contributing to the future productivity loss of more than USD16 million per annum, while in adult women and men, it is contributing to a labour performance deficit of USD43 million per annum. There is evidence that improvements in nutrition such as Exclusive Breast Feeding and micronutrient supplementation of Vitamin A, Zinc, Iodine, and Iron result in better economic performance, thus halting the economic cost and impact of malnutrition. Addressing malnutrition will result in healthier children and lowered infant mortality in the short term. In the medium to long term, investments in food and nutrition security will result in a better educated and stronger workforce which is better able to productively build a stronger economy. Improving nutrition can have a positive net effect on Zimbabwe's GDP for attainment of the NDS 1 average annual real GDP growth rate of above 5% and maintenance of fiscal deficits averaging not more than 3% of GDP in line with SADC targets. Consequently, the benefits of improved food and nutrition security accrue not only to individuals, but the country's economy, thus potentially adding another 2-3 percentage point increase in GDP in Zimbabwe. ¹¹ The Investment Case for Nutri�on (UNICEF, 2019) CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 24 1.6 Why a Multi-Sectoral National Food and Nutrition Security Strategy is Needed There is a global push for a multisectoral approach to food and nutrition security. The State of Food and Nutrition Security in the World, 2020 Report, recommends large transformations in food systems to deliver affordable and healthy diets that also address adverse health and climate change effects. According to the report, such transformation requires “rebalancing of agricultural policies and incentives towards more nutrition-sensitive investment and policy actions all along the food supply chain to reduce food losses and enhance efficiencies at all stages. Nutrition-sensitive social protection policies will also be central for them to increase the purchasing power and affordability of healthy diets of the most vulnerable populations. Policies that more generally foster behavioural change towards healthy diets will also be needed” . There is no single sector that can on its own 12 achieve this, nor is there a one-size-fits-all solution because there are trade-offs and synergies for sectors. To achieve Aspiration 1 of Agenda 2063, the African Union (AU) is calling upon member states to invest in the food security, health and nutrition of their citizens. The AU Cost of Hunger Studies show that up to 44% of child mortality is associated with undernutrition, up to 18% of all school repetitions are associated with stunting, and that between 40% to 67% of the working age population suffered from stunting as children. The Cost of Hunger Africa Study also found that undernutrition is costing African countries between 2% and 17% of GDP, hence the urgency of the need to address the underlying causes of malnutrition, namely food insecurity, inadequate child caring practices and poor health, water, sanitation and hygiene. SADC is strengthening member states to address the growing challenge of food and nutrition insecurity in the region, and has developed and launched the SADC Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (FNSS) (2015-2025). The SADC FNSS strategy aims to · Improve food availability by increasing production, productivity and competitiveness; · Improve access to adequate and appropriate food in terms of quality and quantity; · Improve the utilisation of nutritious, healthy, diverse and safe food for consumption under adequate biological and social environments with proper health care; and · Ensure stable and sustainable availability, access and utilisation of food. ¹²h�p://www.fao.org/3/ca9692en/online/ca9692en.html#chapter-Key message CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 25 http://www.fao.org/3/ca9692en/online/ca9692en.html http://www.fao.org/3/ca9692en/online/ca9692en.html The 2020 SADC RVAA Report emphasised the need for SADC Member States to urgently address both urban and rural food insecurity recognising the multi-dimensional causes of the challenge and the multi-disciplinary nature of food and nutrition insecurity. This calls for implementation of both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions. The Lancet series which documents proven high-impact nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions also recommends 20%:80% complementary roles of actors in food and nutrition security. To positively impact food and nutrition outcomes, and to achieve food and nutrition security, Zimbabwe must address all causes, at the three levels of causality, while being cognisant of the multi- disciplinary nature of nutrition. Coordination across key ministries and sectors involved in nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions that address the multi-disciplinary facets of food and nutrition insecurity take precedence in the MFNSS. The multi-sectoral approach will ensure partnership and coordination between the key sectors of Agriculture, Education, Health and Child Care, Local Government, Social Services and Women and Gender. This coordination mechanism will not only facilitate coordination with domestic and international Development Partners, but will also assist development, implementation and monitoring of comprehensive sector strategies while creating an enabling environment for the realisation of food and nutrition security at individual, household, community, and national level. 1.7 Process of Developing the MFNSS 2023-2025 Formulation of the Multi-Sectoral National Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (MFNSS) 2023 – 2025 was commissioned at the directive of the Office of the President and Cabinet in line with NDS 1 and following the expiry of the 2014 – 2018 National Nutrition Strategy (NNS). The Food and Nutrition Council of Zimbabwe coordinated the process. The objective was to produce an MFNSS that promotes greater accountability, coordination and alignment of actions while strengthening monitoring, evaluation and learning. Development of the MFNSS was phased and participatory, starting with a National Inception Workshop which was attended by a steering committee, then followed by a multisectoral nutrition overview (desk research), national thematic consultation workshops, writing of a synthesis report on findings of the national consultations, drafting of the MFNSS based on the synthesis report and the NDS1, holding of a national technical team meeting to review the draft, sub-national consultations, consolidation of the draft MFNSS, holding of a national Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework Development Workshop, and finally a costing workshop. The outputs were validated through a multi- stakeholder meeting process. 1.8 Content of the MFNSS The MFNSS has 13 Chapters including this one which sets out the background and rationale. The second Chapter describes the situation and presents key statistics and trends which highlight the magnitude of the challenges the country faces, and areas where interventions are needed. The third Chapter presents the conceptual framework for food and nutrition security drawn from the Food and CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 26 Nutrition Security Policy and updated based on most recent developments such as COVID-19 and shocks associated with economic policies and climate change. It also describes the proposed Key Result Areas and how cross-cutting issues of gender, youth, HIV, social inclusion, and others are handled by the strategy. The fourth Chapter outlines the vision, mission, purpose, and guiding principles of the MFNSS. The fifth to the eleventh Chapter present the goals and key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators, justification, and key actors responsible for implementation of the strategies and achieving the stated goals. The twelfth Chapter restates the institutional arrangements, bringing out the lead and supporting agencies for each key result area. The thirteenth Chapter presents the financing requirements of the strategy and strategies to resource its implementation. CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 27 CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS 28 CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS 2.1 Social and Economic Development Situation Environmental challenges which include water, land and air pollution, littering, mushrooming of illegal waste dumps, siltation, illegal mining, veld fires, deforestation, climate change, poaching and biodiversity loss are on the increase (NDS 1, 2020). Climate change induced extreme weather conditions such as drought, floods, storms, and heat waves are more prevalent and increase pressure on natural resources and agricultural productivity which further affects the poor. The number of people under the food poverty line increased from 3 million people in 2011 to about 6 million 3in 2019 and is expected to reach between 7.6 and 8 million in 2020 .The food poverty line (FPL) as at 1 July 2022 stood at ZWL17,909.32. This means that the minimum needs basket cost that much per person in July 2022. This represents an increase of 29.1 percent over the June 2022 figure of 4ZWL13,875.12 .1 To ensure sustainable development that results in improved livelihoods, health and well-being for all Zimbabweans, social and economic growth and stability are essential and will be built upon the existing strong political will, enabling environment, policy frameworks and strategies therein. A stable social and economic environment will stimulate improved food and nutrition security, integral for better health, nutrition, increased productivity, and economic growth. 2.2 Social Assistance and Social Protection Food insecurity and loss of income reduce the capacity of affected populations to access basic services such as health and education, leading to increases in school dropout rates, teenage pregnancies and vulnerable groups requiring social assistance and protection. The situation could be exacerbated by the social, economic, climate and environmental factors. The Zimbabwe National Social Protection Policy Framework (NSPPF) guides delivery of social protection systems through provision of social assistance, social insurance, social support and care services, livelihoods support as well as labour market interventions to all vulnerable persons. Existing social protection programmes such as the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM) and treasury supported welfare grants, social assistance safety nets have deteriorated in their capacity to significantly reduce poverty and vulnerability. Integration of food and nutrition security issues into social assistance and protection policies, strategies, and programmes will ensure improved profiling and targeting of vulnerable populations, as well as timely provision of nutrition sensitive social assistance. Social issues dealing with access to and quality of health and education service delivery have also been on the decline characterised by resource limited health services, a housing backlog, inadequate infrastructure, and gender inequity. ¹³ Ibid. page 10. ¹⁴ ZIMSTAT,2022, July Consumer Price Index. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 29 2.3 Agriculture and Food Security Agriculture is the backbone of the Zimbabwean economy. There has been continual progressive growth in the Agriculture sector as evidenced by sector growth from (0.2% (2020) to 11% in 2021. Table 1 shows the historical trends in the production of key agricultural products dating back to 2018. Commodity Production (in 000) and Sector Growth (%) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Sectoral Growth Rate (%) 8 -18 -0.2 11 9 Maize (t) 1831 777 907 2 717 1600 Soybeans (t) 54 60 47.1 71 120 Wheat (t) 161 95 178 193 220 Cotton (kg) 144 77 101 195 125 Sorghum (t) 70 41 103 244 61 Groundnuts (kg) 127 71 87 209 153 Sunflower seeds (kg) 4 6 9 14 14 Horticulture (kg) 71 77 94 96 105 Poultry (kg) 161 152 149 149 152 Beef (kg) 75 63 57 55 60 Dairy (m lt) 92 96 92 97 105 Pork (kg) 11 12 12 14 15 Sheep & goats (kg) 10 7 8 8 6 Ostriches (kg) 19 19 19 19 19 Table 1: Agricultural Production (000): 2018-22 Source: Crop and Livestock Assessment Report 2022. In addition, positive traits have been showing in the outcome indicator. Food insecurity has been on the decrease during the period 2019 to 2022 for the rural population. Figure 1 shows that the proportion of the rural population that was food insecure decreased from 59% in 2019 to 38% in 2022. However, climate, health, and economic related shocks, remain a threat considering that Zimbabwe is a predominantly agro-based economy. For the urban population food insecurity increased from 31% in 2016 to 42% in 2020 (Figure 1). CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 3030 Figure 1: Rural and Urban Food Insecurity Trends Food insecurity within Zimbabwe can be attributed to climatic shocks, reliance on rain-fed agriculture, shortage of inputs, low skills and knowledge base among farmers, limited access to markets, finance, and security of land tenure. Poor post-harvest management practices and improper technologies also contribute to food insecurity. Agricultural policies, strategies and programmes within Zimbabwe have thus, prioritised addressing the above challenges to attain food security and the resulting nutrition and economic security that emanate from producing enough quantities of diverse, nutrient dense food. 2.4 Food Safety, Quality and Food Standards The safety of the food that people consume has a significant impact on food and nutrition security. Optimal human health and well-being requires people to consume food that is both healthy and free from contaminants (or hazards) that compromise the health of the individual when consumed. Despite this linkage between food safety and nutrition, connections between food safety and nutrition have been lacking from existing frameworks for nutrition or food safety and those for the food system overall. Realising the weakness of existing frameworks, the Global Hunger and Food Security Initiatives came up with a framework which connected food safety risks and nutrition outcomes through four different domains, namely health and physiology, consumer behaviour, 5 supply chains and markets, and policy and regulation .1 ¹⁵The US Government's Global Hunger and Food Security Ini�a�ves (2020). Eat Safe: Evidence and Ac�on Towards Safe, Nutri�ous Food Integra�ng Food Safety and Nutri�on for Improved Health and Wellbeing: A New Lens on Food System Frameworks CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 31 According to the World Health Organization, foodborne hazards are responsible for 137,000 deaths and 91 million acute illnesses in Africa every year - mostly affecting children under the age of 5 years. The risks include dangerous strains of bacteria like salmonella and E. coli, as well as tapeworm and other parasites, and naturally occurring toxins like cyanide. Public Health experts are worried that 6little is being done to address the problem (WHO, 2019) . In terms of health, Zimbabwe disease 1 surveillance systems are in place, but incidences of food-borne illnesses are often unreported or undetected. Regarding consumer behaviour, not much literature and studies are available to understand the consumer choices in Zimbabwe as they relate to food safety. It is possible though, that if safer foods are offered at higher prices, poor households may choose to purchase less safe yet cheaper food items. Equally, poor households are likely to have a compromised water and sanitation environment resulting in inappropriate handling, preparing, and cooking of food. The same is true for market supply, food not meeting safety standards could be diverted to poorer consumers, making it affordable to them but at the same time increasing the risk and exposure to food borne illnesses. This is extremely risky as it happens to the poor segment of the population who are likely to have a compromised health and nutrition status. Under policy and regulation, Zimbabwe food safety and food standards are controlled by several entities from the Ministries responsible for Health, Agriculture, Local Government, and the Private Sector. There is no clear coordination mechanism of these various entities, thus activities within the food safety sector are not harmonised. The sector is characterised by the absence of a National Food Safety Policy to ensure coordination and harmonisation of efforts, outdated food standards, limited enforcement of food legislation as guided by Codex Alimentarius and the International Organisation for Standardisation . Other challenges include inadequate resources for enforcement, monitoring and laboratory analysis. High certification costs by the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ), outdated and malfunctioning equipment at the Government Analyst Laboratories (GAL) have also affected service delivery. 2.5 Nutrition Security National stunting prevalence was 23.5% (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Report, 2019) as depicted in Figure 2. The trends show an average 3.7 percentage point reduction per year from 35% in 2006 (Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) 2006) to 23.5% in 2019 (MICS 2019). The combination of multi-dimensional strategies coordinated by Government, added to an enabling policy environment is attributed to positive progress being shown on nutrition status in Zimbabwe. ¹⁶A Fatal Public Health Problem In Africa That Flies Under The Radar CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 32 Figure 2: Trends in National Stunting Prevalence Trends from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS), The Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and the National Nutrition Survey reports indicate that the prevalence of stunted children within urban areas is less than that in rural areas (Figure 3). Figure 3: Rural and Urban Stunting Trends The Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS), The Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and the National Nutrition Survey reveal that underweight is below 10%, wasting is below 5% and overweight is 2.5%. All these indicators for Zimbabwe are below the WHO emergency thresholds. CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 33 Figure 4: Trends in national prevalence of Underweight, Wasting and Overweight Anaemia deficiency was 27% among women of child-bearing age (15-49 years) (ZDHS 2015), while 7 one in four women has vitamin A deficiency . Trends (Figure 5) over the past 5 years show a decline 1 of 1% in national anaemia prevalence from 28% in the 2010-11 ZDHS to 27% in 2015 in contradiction with the target to reduce anaemia prevalence in women 15-49 years by 50%. Recent representative pilot surveys have revealed a declining prevalence of anaemia of 15.6% in women of reproductive age. Though anaemia has multiple aetiologies, diet quality which is an important contributor, has significantly improved. Consumption patterns of iron rich foods among women of child-bearing age show an improved prevalence of 55% in 2021 to 59% in 2022 (ZimVAC, 2022). Households consuming protein rich foods on a daily basis have also improved from 70% (2021) to 79% (2022) (ZimVAC, 2022). Likewise, daily consumption of Vitamin A rich foods improved from 58% to 69% (ZimVAC, 2022). More so, the proportion of children consuming Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) declined to 2.1% in 2020 from 6.9% in 2019. The proportion of households consuming poor diets dropped from 43% in 2021 to 36% in 2022. Furthermore, the ¹⁷(Zimbabwe UNICEF Nutri�on – unicef.org/Zimbabwe/nutri�on) Figure 5: Trends in National Anaemia Prevalence Among Women of Child-Bearing Age (15-49 years) CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 34 proportion of households consuming acceptable diets increased from 29% in 2021 to 35% in 2022. In summary, dietary quality is improving and these positive outcomes are commendable and can be attributed to the various Government programmes highlighted in the key result area sections. The average household dietary diversity score, which is a measure of the number of unique food groups consumed by household members, has not significantly changed from 2021 to 2022. (ZimVAC, 2022). However, the proportion of women of childbearing age consuming at least 5 food groups from 10 has increased from 33% in 2021 to 37% in 2022. The nutrition welfare of women has improved with year- on-year increase in the proportion of women consuming iron rich, protein rich and vitamin A rich foods from 2020 to 2022 (ZimVAC 2022). The national prevalence for babies born with a birth weight of less than 2.5 kg was 8.7% as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6: Trends in Low Birth Weight National Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) prevalence was 42% in (MICS, 2019) which is below the target of increasing EBF in the first six months to at least 50% as shown in Figure 7. The 2020 ZimVAC Urban Livel ihoods A s s e s s m e n t r e v e a l e d a n increase in the proportion of children exclusively breastfed from 45.6% in 2019 to 49.3%. In conclusion, this situation analysis reveals an improvement in most indicators of nutrition status, diet quality and food status. Women and child welfare have realized significant attention and the gains have translated to improved nutrition security for these vulnerable groups. Figure 7: Trends in National EBF Prevalence CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 35 2.6 National Capacity for Food and Nutrition Security Coordination and Implementation The Food and Nutrition Council (FNC), a department under the Office of the President and Cabinet (OPC), is the lead agency tasked by the Government of Zimbabwe to coordinate, analyse, and promote a cohesive national response by all sectors and stakeholders of food and nutrition security. Established in 2001, FNC is the national convener for the Zimbabwe Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement and has facilitated the establishment of networks critical for food and nutrition security coordination and implementation, namely the Zimbabwe Civil Society Organisations for SUN Alliance (ZCSOSUNA), the UN Nutrition Network, the Donor Network, the Business/Private Sector Network and Research and Academia Network. The Government of Zimbabwe is committed to providing effective food and nutrition security coordination and governance. This is evidenced by the revival, training and capacity strengthening of Food and Nutrition Security Committees (FNSCs) at Ward, District and Provincial Level. FNSCs are institutional structures, chaired by the Ministry responsible of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water, and Rural Development for coordinated multi-sectoral implementation of the FNSP and interventions at all administrative levels. Presently, there are 10 provincial, 49 rural district and 300 ward FNSCs that are functional as shown in Figure 8. Furthermore, through the Multi-Sectoral Community Based Model for Stunting Reduction approach there is increased involvement of local leadership in community empowerment programmes and food and nutrition strategies. The community's capacity to address food and nutrition insecurity challenges at the local level is significant and needs to be recognised and promoted. The national capacity to identify and define appropriate solutions through operational research is critical towards ensuring food and nutrition security in the long term. Accordingly, context-specific food and nutr i t ion interventions are required and should be scaled up according to demonstrated evidence of their effect iveness in Zimbabwe. Strengthening professional capacity in food and nutrition security, through both academic and in- service training, remains urgent to reinforce multi-sectoral approaches with the aim of improving the quality-of-service provision and sustainability of interventions at community level. Reviews of the agriculture sector curriculum to include nutrition training for extension workers and in- service training have been carried out with success in terms of nutrition sensitive agriculture. What is needed is to support the roll out of the implementation of the new curricula so as to reach more front- line government and non-government workers. CHAPTER 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 36 Figure 8: Food and Nutrition Security Committees CHAPTER 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 37 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Conceptual Framework for Food and Nutrition Security Food and nutrition security is defined as when all people, at all times have physical, social and economic access to food, which is safe and consumed in sufficient quantity and quality to meet their dietary needs and food preferences and is supported by an environment of adequate water and sanitation, health services and care to allow for a healthy and active life 1 8 . Source: Adapted from Food and Nutrition Council (2013). Figure 9: Conceptual Framework for Food and Nutrition Security Nutrition is embedded in the four pillars of food security, which are: availability; access; utilization and stability. These pillars have long been recognised as being both multi-sectoral and multi-level, given that their achievement requires simultaneous contributions from multiple sectors. Causality of nutrition insecurity is three layered, operating at either basic, underlying or immediate levels which are integrated and cut across the sectors of Agriculture, Education, Health and Child Care, Local Government, Social Services and Gender. Hence to meaningfully address food and nutrition insecurity, multi-sectoral interventions are essential as depicted in Figure 9. Immediate causes of food and nutrition insecurity occur at national and individual or household level and are a result of a poor diet and disease. Poor diets in Zimbabwe are characterised by consumption of mainly cereals and green vegetables. Poor diets lack legumes, meats, eggs, milk, fruits and other vegetables. This is evident in the low food consumption score, the low proportion of children 6-59 months of age with minimum acceptable diet, and the low proportion of women meeting the minimum dietary diversity. ¹⁸ Commi�ee on World Food Security 2012 38 Reduced Morbidity and Mortality Improved Nutritional Status Improved Development and Productivity and Economic Growth Health Status inc. HIV & AIDS Intake and Utilisation Availability and Access to Adequate Quality Food Food Availability and Markets HIV&AIDS CHOLERA COVID-19 Outcome Intermediate causes Underlying causes Basic causes whose impact is affected by economic, political and institutional factors Basic Services Political. Cultural, Social, Security Gender Agro- ecologic al inc. rainfall Women and Child Caring Practices, knowledge Education Strategies: Household Food Production, Cash Earning, Gifts, Exchange, Loans and Remittances Natural, Physical, Human, Economic and Social Capital/Assets Health, Water and Sanitation S H O C K S A N D H A Z A R D S Consumption of poor diets can be attributed to a lack of knowledge on proper feeding practices particularly for maternal, infants and young children in the first 1,000 days of life, inadequate access and availability of diverse foods and the consumption of unsafe or contaminated food. Disease and illness, such as COVID-19, HIV and AIDS, diarrhoea and diabetes affect individual appetite, nutrient absorption and utilisation resulting in both increased morbidity and mortality from disease. Underlying causes of food and nutrition insecurity occur at household and community level. Causes include food shortages, inadequate caring and feeding practices, poor health services and poor sanitation conditions. Household level food shortages are caused by a) financial constraints; b) high food prices; and c) poor food production, storage and preservation due to low knowledge and skills base of farmers, input shortages and/or their exorbitant prices, natural shocks and climate change. Sub-optimal food choices and budgeting further compound food shortages at household level. Inadequate caring and feeding practices of adolescent girls, women of reproductive age, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and the sick are mainly due to gender inequality where women rarely own productive assets, are financially dependent and burdened with most household chores. Poor living conditions are due to overcrowding, lack of access to clean safe water and inadequate sanitation. These are pronounced mostly among the urban population, with informal settlements and high-density residential areas being most affected. Weak health services (which manifest in drug shortages, inadequate skilled staffing), poor equipment, facilities and infrastructure at institutional level, and poor motivation of health staff negatively affect the health status of the population, which in turn affects food intake and utilisation. Basic causes of food and nutrition insecurity occur at community and national levels and are determined by political, economic and social factors. Inflation negatively impacts access to finance (agricultural loans) and the efficiency of food markets. Weak access to market information and insecurity of land tenure discourages investment in food production and market facilitation services. Weak coordination and limited funding for mechanisation of the agricultural sector and implementation of both nutrition sensitive and nutrition specific interventions weaken food and nutrition security. Reliance on rain-fed agriculture which is unreliable due to climate change and extreme weather events such as Cyclone Idai in 2019 and recurring droughts, further compromises food and nutrition security. Fragmented food control systems to monitor and enforce compliance of food safety standards and legislation, high unemployment levels, strained social protection services, low education levels of women, social unrest or conflict are additional drivers of food and nutrition insecurity at the basic level. To positively impact food and nutrition outcomes, and to achieve food and nutrition security, Zimbabwe must address all causes, at the three levels of causality, while being cognisant of the multi- disciplinary nature of nutrition. Hence, coordination across key ministries and sectors involved in nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions that address the multi-disciplinary facets of food and nutrition security will be promoted through this MFNSS. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 39 3.2 Key Result Areas and Linkages between Them Based on the afore-mentioned conceptual framework and the thematic areas in the Food and Nutrition Security Policy (FNSP), seven key result areas (KRAs) were identified under which interventions should be developed, funded and implemented to achieve food and nutrition security at national, provincial, district, community and household levels during the three-year period covered by the MFNSS. The KRAs are aligned to the FNSP as follows: ● KRA 1 Policy Analysis and Advice. ● KRA 2 Agriculture and Food Security. ● KRA3 Social Protection. ● KRA 4 Food Safety, Quality and Standards. ● KRA 5 Nutrition Security. ● KRA 6 Food and Nutrition Security Information. ● KRA 7 Enhancing and Strengthening Capacity for Food and Nutrition Security. The linkages between the KRAs are shown diagrammatically in Figure 10. Figure 10: Key Result Areas and Linkages Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 40 As shown in Figure 10, the KRAs also take cognisance of the multisectoral nature of food and nutrition security espoused in the FNSP and the NDS1’s drive towards economic development. The linkages highlight the intertwined nature and complementary roles played by different sectors in the achievement of food and nutrition security. Under each Key Result Area, this MFNSS document then articulates key goals and strategies as well as their relation to economic growth and the attainment of food and nutrition security. To ensure that critical cross-cutting issues such as a) gender equality and women's empowerment, b) youth participation, and c) social inclusion of persons living with disabilities, persons living with HIV and AIDS, those with other chronic illnesses, orphans and other vulnerable children, people living in institutions of special care (e.g., prisons, hospitals, rehabilitation centres, children's homes, etc), and the elderly are adequately addressed, specific goals have been developed and included in the seven KRAs. For each goal, specific strategies, performance indicators and targets have been developed to ensure the issues are directly addressed and results are monitored. Lead institutions for implementation of these strategies have also been identified and indicated as appropriate in Chapter 5. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 41 SECTION B Purpose and Principles of the Mul�sectoral Food and Nutri�on Security Strategy (MFNSS) 2023-2025 42 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 4. PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES OF THE MFNSS 2023-2025 4.1 Vision The vision of the Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy is: Food and nutrition security for all Zimbabweans by 2025. 4.2 Mission The mission of the Strategy is: To provide a multi-sectoral guiding framework for coordinated food and nutrition security interventions in Zimbabwe. 4.3 Purpose of the Strategy The purpose of the Strategy is four-pronged, namely to: (i) Promote greater coordination and alignment of actions in the field, identify gaps and encourage more efficient use of resources. (ii) Strengthen collaborative action among Government sectors, United Nations (UN), Non- Governmental Organisations (NGOs), donors, the academia, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders in a manner that is in alignment with Zimbabwe's specific context and needs. (iii) Actively and efficiently monitor the implementation of food and nutrition security response strategies. This includes development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of stakeholder plans of action for the elimination of hunger by the achievement of food and nutrition security for Zimbabwe. (iv) Address how food insecurity and malnutrition can be reduced more quickly and effectively as advocated in the country's national frameworks whilst entailing development of innovative mechanisms. 4.4 Guiding Principles The guiding principles include: (i) Alignment of the MFNSS priorities to the National Development Strategy 1 2021-2025, the Food and Nutrition Security Policy (2012), the food and nutrition security conceptual framework, and other sector policies and instruments aimed at ensuring “food and nutrition security for Zimbabwe”. (ii) Respect for regional and global protocols and commitments on food and nutrition security made by the country at global, continental and regional levels, including: i) the SDGs, ii) African Union Agenda 2063, iii) Africa Regional Nutrition Strategy 2015-2025 and iv) the SADC Regional Food and Nutrition Strategy 2015-2025. (iii) Advancing a well-coordinated and collaborative multi-sectoral approach that leverages on mandates and competitive advantages of all stakeholders, including government ministries, entities and agencies; the private sector; civil society; research and academic institutions; cooperating partners and ordinary people of Zimbabwe. 43 (iv) Promoting inclusivity and ensuring that “no one and no place is left behind” (especially the ultra-poor, pregnant and lactating women, children, adolescents, persons with disabilities, those in special institutions of care, the elderly and people living with HIV and AIDS and other chronic illnesses) in both the means and the realisation of the goal of food and nutrition security. (v) Being driven by gendered, life cycle, localised and context-specific problem analyses and evidence-based high impact solutions for enhancing food and nutrition security. (vi) Cultivating a culture of managing for development results, that enhances stakeholder participation, transparency, and accountability towards addressing hunger and malnutrition in Zimbabwe. (vii) Results Based Management (RBM). Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 4. PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES OF THE MFNSS 2023-2025 44 SECTION C Food and Nutri�on Goals, Strategies and Risk Management 45 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 5.1 Rationale for Key Result Area Socioeconomic and macro food and nutrition security policy instruments are necessary to accelerate food and nutrition security while protecting the most vulnerable. These policy instruments must promote a dominant and viable private sector role (for example in relation to the redistribution of food to areas of need), social protection systems and equitable access to sustained high quality basic social services and livelihoods for the poor and vulnerable population groups in both rural and urban areas. These policies need to be adjustable to evolving conditions globally, regionally and within Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, protocols such as limited movements were being implemented and in addition, pronouncements were made for exemptions that ensured the food and nutrition supply chain was not disturbed. The right to adequate food and nutrition coupled with access to basic healthcare and social services has also been endowed in the country's Constitution in terms of Article 15 a, b and c; Article 19 (2) (b), Article 21 (2) (b) and Article 77b. However, there is still need for harmonisation in implementation of the existing policies at all levels. These policies must be developed, coordinated, implemented, monitored and evaluated in close collaboration with the sectors such as agriculture, health, environment, trade, industry, education, social protection and gender. In addition, the policies need to provide timely, accurate and persuasive advice underpinned by analysis, contextual awareness and stakeholder consultation. The National Development Strategy 1 (NDS1) created platforms to promote sector accountability around set thematic targets. In addition, the Food and Nutrition Security Policy recognises the importance of functional multi-sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Committees which have been established from Cabinet level right down to village level. The mandate of these committees is policy implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting. Policy advocacy must be integrated into the policy development process to ensure that there is harmonisation and integrated implementation of food and nutrition security policies across sectors. A response to persistent national food and nutrition insecurity also needs to reflect an analysis of the opportunities and barriers within the broader global and regional food and nutrition security environment. In this regard, the global conflict between Ukraine and Russia has resulted in the realignment of national targets particularly on the production of wheat and grain in order to reduce the import bill and possibly enhance food self-sufficiency and food security. 5.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, Stakeholders and Implementers The goals, key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators for tracking performance, justification for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies are summarised in Table 2. 46 G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 1 : H a rm o n is e e xi st in g a n d e m e rg in g p o lic ie s, st ra te g ie s a n d g u id e lin e s th a t p ro m o te f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty b y 2 0 2 5 1 . E n su re t h a t re le va n t p o lic ie s th a t p ro m o te t h e u se o f lo ca lly p ro d u ce d p ro d u ct s a re u se d b y a ll s ta k e h o ld e rs • B u y- in a n d c o m m itm e n t a m o n g s ta k e h o ld e rs t o u s e p o lic ie s th a t p ro m o te t h e u se o f lo ca lly p ro d u ce d p ro d u ct s • L o w i n te re st a n d co m m it m e n t a m o n g st a ke h o ld e rs • N u m b e r o f p o lic ie s re vi e w e d a n d a m e n d e d • R e d u ce t h e f o o d im p o rt b ill • P ro vi d e m a rk e ti n g o p p o rt u n iti e s fo r lo ca l p ro d u ce rs • O ffi ce o f th e P re si d e n t a n d C a b in e t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • R e se rv e B a n k o f Z im b a b w e • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l • N G O s in vo lv e d in f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty • F o o d p ro ce ss o rs , w h o le sa le rs a n d r e ta ile rs • F a rm e r a ss o ci a tio n s • F in a n ci a l i n st itu tio n s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 . P ro vi d e p o lic y s u p p o rt f o r c a p a ci ta ti o n o f lo ca l p ro d u ce rs o f cr o p s a n d liv e st o ck t o im p ro ve lo ca l p ro d u ct io n o u tp u t • S tr o n g s u p p o rt fr o m lo ca l p ro d u ce rs • E xp e ct e d p ro fit s fr o m lo ca l in ve st m e n ts a re h ig h • E xi st e n ce o f a d e q u a te re s o u rc e s (l a n d , w a te r, la b o u r, fi n a n ce ) to s u p p o rt p ro d u ct io n • In e ffi ci e n t u se o f re so u rc e s • In s e cu ri ty o f la n d te n u re a n d w a te r sh o rt a g e s • U n fa vo u ra b le cl im a tic co n d it io n s • L a c k o f co m m it m e n t fr o m o th e r se ct o rs • W a te r cr is is a n d p o w e r o u ta g e s • P o lic y su p p o rt i n p la ce f o r ca p a ci ta ti o n o f lo ca l p ro d u ce rs • F o re ig n cu rr e n cy s a ve d fr o m d is co n ti n u e d fo o d i m p o rt s is u se d t o s u p p o rt th e a g ri cu ltu ra l se ct o r a n d o th e r e ss e n ti a l se ct o rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • S M E B u si n e ss S e rv ic e O rg a n is a tio n s • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t C o m m itt e e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l S e rv ic e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • C iv ic O rg a n is a tio n s • P ri va te a g ri b u si n e ss se ct o r in cl u d in g fi n a n ci a l in st itu tio n s le n d in g t o a g ri cu ltu re • F a rm e r U n io n s 6 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 2 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r P o li c y A n a ly s is a n d A d v ic e Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 47 G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . E n su re t h a t n a tio n a l p o lic ie s p ro m o te i n co m e g ro w th a m o n g th e la b o u r e n d o w e d f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n in se cu re h o u se h o ld s • C o m m itm e n t b y G o ve rn m e n t to re d is tr ib u te in co m e • P ro fic ie n t u se o f re so u rc e s to r a is e ru ra l i n co m e s • M a rg in a lis e d g ro u p s h a ve a vo ic e in b u d g e t a llo ca ti o n • In e ffi ci e n t u se o f re so u rc e s tr a n sf e rr e d t o t h e p o o r • P ro p o rt io n o f th e p o p u la tio n t h a t is fo o d in se cu re P o ve rt y h e a d co u n t d is a g g re g a te d b y ru ra l / u rb a n • E n su ri n g e q u ita b le d is tr ib u tio n o f b e n e fit s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r F in a n ce • R e se rv e B a n k o f Z im b a b w e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • Z im b a b w e a n P a rl ia m e n t (b u d g e t co m m itt e e s) • C a b in e t 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 . P ro m o te in cl u si ve e n g a g e m e n t o f a ll re le va n t F N S st a ke h o ld e rs u p to s u b n a tio n a l le ve l o n p o lic y d e ve lo p m e n t p ro ce ss e s • W ill in g n e ss t o co n su lt w id e ly o n p o lic y d e ve lo p m e n t p ro ce ss e s • P re fe re n ce f o r to p -d o w n a p p ro a ch b y p o lic y m a ke rs • P ro p o rt io n o f p ro vi n ci a l, d is tr ic t a n d w a rd co m m itt e e s w ith d e ve lo p m e n t p la n s in co rp o ra tin g F N S p ri o ri tie s • S e cu re b u y -i n o f th e g e n e ra l p o p u la tio n o ve r ke y p o lic y d e ci si o n s • R a is e a w a re n e ss a m o n g t h e p o p u la tio n o n ke y p o lic y d e ci si o n s • F a ci lit a te im p le m e n ta tio n o f n e w p o lic ie s • 3 t ie rs o f g o ve rn m e n t in vo lv e d in p la n n in g a n d im p le m e n ta tio n o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n p ri o ri tie s 6 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 2 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r P o li c y A n a ly s is a n d A d v ic e Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 48 A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 5 . S u p p o rt t h e fin a n c ia l s e rv ic e s se c to r w it h r is k - re d u c in g , ri s k - sh a ri n g p o lic y a n d re la te d in st ru m e n ts to p ro m o te le n d in g th a t h a s a b ia s to w a rd s a g ri -b a se d lo a n s. • W ill in g n e ss o f F in a n ci a l in s tit u ti o n s to in v e st in a g ri cu ltu re to b o o st f o o d p ro d u ct io n a n d a g ri cu ltu ra l i n c o m e s • F a v o u ra b le C lim a ti c c o n d iti o n s • O p e n c re d it lin e s o f le n d in g t o a g ri cu ltu re • T h e c e n tr a l b a n k in v e st s in t h e c re a tio n o f a d is tr ic t d a ta b a s e /c re d it b u re a u f o r fa rm e rs • L e ss r is ky n o n - a g ri cu ltu ra l e n te rp ri se s cr o w d o u t a g ri cu ltu ra l e n te rp ri se s in a c ce ss t o fi n a n ce • A b u se o f lo a n fu n d s b y b e n e fic ia ri e s • A d ve rs e im p a ct s o f cl im a te c h a n g e • In te rn a tio n a l p ri ce in st a b ili ty a ff e ct s vi a b ili ty o f a g ri cu ltu re • M a cr o e co n o m ic in st a b ili ty in cr e a se s in te re st r a te s a n d n u m b e r o f d e fa u lte rs • R is k -r e d u ci n g / sh a ri n g in st ru m e n ts in tr o d u ce d a n d p o lic ie s a n d re g u la tio n s p u t in p la ce t o p ro te ct fin a n ci a l i n st itu tio n s w ill in g t o le n d w ith o u t co lla te ra l • Im p ro ve m e n t o f a cc e ss t o fi n a n ce a t a ll le ve ls • In cr e a se i n p ro d u ct iv it y in t h e a g ri cu ltu ra l se ct o r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r F in a n ce • R e se rv e B a n k o f Z im b a b w e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lf a re • Z im b a b w e a n P a rl ia m e n t (b u d g e t co m m it te e s) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu lt u re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r T ra d e • C a b in e t • A ca d e m ic I n st it u ti o n s • P ri va te s e ct o r • N G O s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t C o m m it te e • P ro vi n ci a l D e ve lo p m e n t C o m m it te e • C o m m e rc ia l b a n ks • M ic ro -fi n a n ce i n st it u ti o n s • In su ra n ce i n d u st ry • U N A g e n ci e s 4 5 ,0 0 0 6 . A n a ly se e xi st in g p o lic ie s to a s s e s s w h e th e r th e y a re n u tr iti o n s e n s iti ve , g e n d e r s e n s iti v e a n d p ro m o te in cl u si o n o f th e vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s • W ill in g n e ss b y s ta ke h o ld e rs t o c h a n g e p o lic ie s a n d m a k e t h e m m o re n u tr iti o n -s e n si tiv e • In fl e xi b ili ty o f fu n d e rs a n d im p le m e n te rs t o a d a p t in te rv e n tio n s a n d m a ke t h e m m o re n u tr iti o n se n si tiv e • N u m b e r o f P o lic ie s re vi e w e d a n d a m e n d e d t o b e n u tr iti o n , g e n d e r se n si tiv e a n d in cl u si ve o f vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s • P o lic y a n a ly si s fo r im p ro ve d f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty • F N S p ro g ra m m in g a m e n d e d t o b e n u tr iti o n a n d g e n d e r se n si ti ve a n d in cl u si ve o f vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n C o u n ci l • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu lt u re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lt h a n d C h ild C a re • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r T ra d e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r P ri m a ry a n d S e co n d a ry E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • P ro vi n ci a l D e ve lo p m e n t C o u n ci ls • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t C o u n ci ls • U N A g e n ci e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • L o ca l A u th o ri ti e s • N G O s • P ri va te s e ct o r • A ca d e m ic I n st it u ti o n s 5 5 ,0 0 0 T a b le 2 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r P o li c y A n a ly s is a n d A d v ic e Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 49 A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 2 : C o n d u c t e v id e n c e - b a s e d a d v o c a c y a n d c o m m u n ic a ti o n fo r fo o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty b y 2 0 2 5 1 . A d v o c a te f o r re s p o n s e t o f o o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty i s s u e s • In fr a s tr u c tu re i s s tr a te g ic a ll y p o s it io n e d c lo s e r to a n d w it h in t h e ta rg e t p o p u la ti o n • F o o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty r e m a in s h ig h p ri o ri ty i n n a ti o n a l d e v e lo p m e n t s tr a te g y • C o m p e ti ti o n f o r in v e s ti b le f u n d s w it h n o n - a g ri c u lt u ra l s e c to rs • N u m b e r o f fo o d a n d n u tr it io n p ro g ra m m e s re s p o n d in g t o fo o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty p ri o ri ti e s • In c re a s e i n p e rc e n ta g e o f s e c to r b u d g e t a ll o c a ti o n s t o w a rd s fo o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty • F o o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty a d v o c a c y a n d c o m m u n ic a ti o n in fo rm e d b y e v id e n c e • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n C o u n c il • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h a n d C h il d C a re • M in is tr y R e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r T ra d e • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r In d u s tr y a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r P ri m a ry a n d S e c o n d a ry E d u c a ti o n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lf a re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • P ro v in c ia l D e v e lo p m e n t C o u n c il s • D is tr ic t D e v e lo p m e n t C o u n c il s • U N A g e n c ie s • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • L o c a l A u th o ri ti e s • N G O s • P ri v a te s e c to r • A c a d e m ic I n s ti tu ti o n s 4 5 ,0 0 0 2 . P ro m o te f o o d a n d n u tr it io n re s e a rc h i n Z im b a b w e • In te re s t b y l o c a l, re g io n a l a n d in te rn a ti o n a l in s ti tu ti o n s t o f o rg e s tr a te g ic r e s e a rc h li n k a g e s o n f o o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty • A v a il a b il it y o f fu n d in g f o r a c a d e m ic a n d re s e a rc h in s ti tu ti o n s t o p a rt ic ip a te i n f o o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty r e s e a rc h • R e s e a rc h n o t c o n s id e re d a p ri o ri ty f o r b u d g e t a ll o c a ti o n • In a d e q u a te re s e a rc h s k il ls • N u m b e r o f n e w R e s e a rc h , D e v e lo p m e n t a n d In n o v a ti o n s t h a t p ro m o te • E n h a n c in g re s e a rc h i n p u t fo r g re a te r fo o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h a n d C h il d C a re • M in is tr y R e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r T ra d e • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r In d u s tr y a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r P ri m a ry a n d S e c o n d a ry E d u c a ti o n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lf a re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n a n d C o u n c il • Z im S T A T • A c a d e m ic a n d r e s e a rc h in s ti tu ti o n s • U N -A g e n c ie s • N G O s • P ri v a te S e c to r • S U N R A P 6 0 ,0 0 0 50 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE T a b le 2 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r P o li c y A n a ly s is a n d A d v ic e 3 . P ro m o te a p a ra d ig m s h ift to w a rd s a n in c lu s iv e e d u ca ti o n th a t im p a rt s b o th th e o ry a n d p ra ct ic a l sk ill s o n fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty • W ill in g n e s s to in cl u d e h a n d s -o n p ra ct ic a l le ss o n s in f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e c u ri ty in th e b a si c a n d t e rt ia ry e d u ca tio n c u rr ic u la • A va ila b ili ty o f re so u rc e s f o r fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n p ra ct ic a l se s si o n s in o rd e r to fa c ili ta te le a rn in g b y d o in g • S ch o o l d ro p o u t ra te s • C lo su re o f sc h o o ls d u e t o p a n d e m ic s o r so ci a l u n re st • C u ltu ra l/ re lig io u s b e lie fs t h a t d o n o t su p p o rt p ro -n u tr iti o n b e h a vi o u r ch a n g e • P ro p o rt io n o f le a rn e rs w ith t h e o ry a n d p ra ct ic a l s ki lls o n f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n e n h a n ce d t h ro u g h t h e E d u ca tio n s e ct o r • M a in st re a m in g fo o d a n d n u tr it io n se c u ri ty in to t h e e d u ca tio n s ys te m • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r P ri m a ry a n d S e co n d a ry E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu lt u re • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n C o u n ci l • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H ig h e r a n d T e rt ia ry E d u ca ti o n • S ch o o l M a n a g e m e n t C o m m it te e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • U N -A g e n ci e s • N G O s 4 5 ,0 0 0 4 . D is se m in a te s tr a te g ic a n d p o lic y d o c u m e n ts t o a ll s ta k e h o ld e rs in a ll o ffi ci a l la n g u a g e s • S ta ke h o ld e rs a re w ill in g t o p a rt ic ip a te in n a tio n a l a n d su b n a tio n a l d is se m in a tio n s • S ta ke h o ld e rs h a ve re so u rc e s t o a cc e ss m a te ri a ls p u b lis h e d th ro u g h t h e m e d ia a n d in te rn e t • L a ck o f in te re st in p o lic y d o cu m e n ts • L a ck o f re so u rc e s to a cc e ss m a te ri a ls in th e p u b lic d o m a in • In a d e q u a te re so u rc e a llo ca tio n to s u p p o rt p o lic y im p le m e n ta tio n • N u m b e r o f p o lic y in st ru m e n ts i n p la ce (t ra n sl a te d in a ll o ffi ci a l l a n g u a g e s) • E m p o w e rm e n t th ro u g h in fo rm a tio n p ro vi si o n • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n C o u n ci l • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e cu ri ty C o m m it te e s a t N a ti o n a l, P ro vi n ci a l, D is tr ic t, W a rd a n d V ill a g e L e ve ls • O ffi ce o f th e P re si d e n t a n d C a b in e t 7 5 ,0 0 0 1 . D e v e lo p s e ct o r- sp e ci fic m o n ito ri n g a n d e va lu a tio n fr a m e w o rk s t h a t tr a ck im p le m e n ta tio n o f m u lti -s e ct o ra l fo o d a n d n u tr it io n a c tiv it ie s • G o ve rn m e n t co n tin u e s to im p le m e n t In te g ra te d R e su lts -B a se d M a n a g e m e n t in se c to rs • U n d e r- fu n d in g o f m o n ito ri n g a n d e va lu a tio n a ct iv iti e s • F a ilu re t o im p le m e n t re co m m e n d a tio n s fr o m m o n ito ri n g re p o rt s • F lu ct u a tin g m a rk e t p ri ce s fo r a g ri cu ltu ra l p ro d u ct s a ff e ct in ve st m e n ts in f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se ct o r • U n fo re se e n d is a st e rs m a y ca u se r e so u rc e s to b e c h a n n e lle d e ls e w h e re d e p ri vi n g th e n u tr iti o n s e ct o r • P ro p o rt io n o f fu n ct io n a l se ct o rs w ith M F N S S M o n ito ri n g fr a m e w o rk • In cr e a se v a lu e -f o r- m o n e y p e rf o rm a n ce o f fo o d a n d n u tr it io n in te rv e n tio n s • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n C o u n ci l • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu lt u re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lt h a n d C h ild C a re • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r T ra d e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r P ri m a ry a n d S e co n d a ry E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • P ro vi n ci a l D e ve lo p m e n t C o u n ci ls • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t C o u n ci ls • U N A g e n ci e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • L o ca l A u th o ri ti e s • N G O s • P ri va te s e ct o r • A ca d e m ic I n st it u ti o n s 8 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) T a b le 2 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r P o li c y A n a ly s is a n d A d v ic e Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 51 2 . D e ve lo p t o o ls fo r tr a ck in g se ct o r g lo b a l a n d n a tio n a l fin a n ci a l co m m itm e n ts to w a rd s fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty • In te re st e xi st s a m o n g f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n st a ke h o ld e rs t o se lf -r e p o rt o n b u d g e t a llo ca tio n , d is b u rs e m e n t a n d u til is a tio n u si n g b u d g e t tr a c ki n g to o ls • F a ilu re t o a va il b u d g e t d a ta o r d is b u rs e m e n ts • N u m b e r o f b u d g e t tr a ck in g t o o ls d e ve lo p e d • In cr e a se d a cc o u n ta b ili ty o n f u n d s · F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l · M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r F in a n ce R e se rv e B a n k o f Z im b a b w e · Z im S T A T 1 3 0 ,0 0 0 3 . In cr e a se ca p a ci ty a n d re so u rc e a llo ca tio n f o r d e ce n tr a lis e d M o n ito ri n g a n d E va lu a tio n ( M & E ) o f F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n p o lic ie s, p ro g ra m m e s a n d p ro je ct s • R e le va n t sk ill s a re a va ila b le t o u n d e rt a ke M & E a ct iv iti e s • S ta ff t u rn o ve r in M & E u n its o f ke y fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty s e ct o r M in is tr ie s, D e p a rt m e n ts a n d A g e n c ie s • N u m b e r o f se ct o rs ca p a ci ta te d in M & E fo r F N S • S u p p o rt in g d e vo lu tio n p o lic y in f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l • M & E U n its in M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re , H e a lth , S o ci a l W e lfa re , E d u ca tio n , T ra d e , In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e , W o m e n A ff a ir s • P ro vi n ci a l D e ve lo p m e n t C o m m itt e e s • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t C o m m itt e e s • U N A g e n ci e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • N G O s • P ri va te s e ct o r • A ca d e m ic I n st itu ti o n s 9 0 ,0 0 0 T o ta l B u d g e t 8 6 5 ,0 0 0 G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) T a b le 2 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r P o li c y A n a ly s is a n d A d v ic e Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 5. KEY RESULT AREA 1: POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVICE 52 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 6.1 Rationale for the Key Result Area Investments in agriculture and food security directly and indirectly influence household and national food and nutrition security in rural, Peri-urban and urban areas. Some high value agricultural products play the dual role of improving both food and nutrition security and income generation on local and export markets. Such products include cereals, pulses, horticultural products, live animals, meats, milk, eggs, hides, and emerging crops like blueberries, raspberry, chia, saffron and macadamia nuts. Most foods are a product of agriculture, and the level of agricultural production will affect household and national food and nutrition security. Access to an adequate supply of safe and nutritious food is a fundamental human right, and Zimbabwe has made a global commitment to this right through NDS1 and SDG 2 on commitment to Zero Hunger by 2030. Agricultural development is key to food security in several ways, contributing to food availability, access, stability and utilization. The Green Revolution has led to an overall boost in food production worldwide. Zimbabwe is renowned for its grain-based agricultural revolution, which was at its peak during the first post-independence decade. Investments in agriculture and food systems will enhance not only job creation and income generation with over 60% of Zimbabwe's labour force employed in agriculture, but also availability and access to a full basket of foods constituting a balanced diet. Agricultural development activities also help minimize negative impacts of climate change through adaptation practices like climate smart agriculture, conservation agriculture and irrigation. Climate proofing of irrigation projects through upper catchment conservation and preservation works slows down ecological deterioration and accelerates environmental rehabilitation by conserving biodiversity. The Climate Proofed Presidential Inputs Scheme (Pfumvudza /Intwasa) was ushered in during the 2020/21 crop and livestock season. This programme had the objective to climate proof farmers through adoption of Conservation Agriculture principles; improve productivity and commercialisation of smallholder agriculture in the production of food crops such as maize, soya bean and traditional grains. At its inception, Pfumvudza /Intwasa supported 2.3 million vulnerable households in Zimbabwe. The programme yielded quick rewards as Pfumvudza /Intwasa contributed to 40% of the total production of maize which was 2 717 171 Mt for the 2020/21 season (Ministry of Agriculture, 2021). The success of the 2020/21 season resulted in the decline of food insecurity from 56% to 27%, furthermore the agriculture sector grew by 36% contributing to the 7.8% growth of the economy (Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, 2021). Climate related shocks such as droughts, mid-season dry spells, rainfall variability and the late start to the season affected productivity in the 2021/22 season. The total production for the 2021/22 season for maize was 1 453 031 MT which was a 43% decline from the previous season (Ministry of Agriculture, 2022). However, because of the good 2020/21 season the country's Strategic Grain Reserve (SGR) is able to offset the losses and provide for the 1.8 million Mt grain consumption requirements for the nation. Agriculture production rebounded in the 2022/23 season, total maize production was 2 298 281 MT, a 58% increase on the 1 453 031 MT produced in the 2021/2022 season. As a result of the poor 2021/22 season, the Government has come up with initiatives that aim to build resilience, climate proof and improve 53 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 54 agricultural production and productivity for upcoming seasons. The first of these initiatives is the accelerated irrigation infrastructure expansion and development programme. Currently Zimbabwe has 193 000 Ha under irrigation and is targeting to have 350 000ha under irrigation by 2025. The Government is targeting to establishing 200ha under irrigation per district from Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP) funds. Water harvesting projects are currently being implemented through dam construction to improve the country's irrigation capacity and climate proof agricultural production. Dam construction was targeted in the low veld regions such as Gwayi-Shangani Dam, Tuli-Manyange, Marovanyati, Vungu and Tugwi-Mukosi. As part of the implementation of the Horticulture Growth and Recovery Plan, the government is distributing 10 fruit trees per household with a target of distributing to 1.8 million households by 2025. Furthermore, under this plan 1 ha Village Nutrition gardens are being established across 25 000 villages as an initiative to promote food security, nutrition and improve the incomes of smallholder farmers. The Government has also prioritised the accelerated smallholder mechanisation of Pfumvudza/Intwasa where 600 tractors and 600 planters are being purchased for smallholder farmers to enhance efficiency and productivity of smallholder farmers. Government through Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC) Holdings and CBZ Agro-yield under the National Enhanced Productivity Scheme (NEAPS) has facilitated the commercial production of crops such as Maize, Wheat, Soyabean and Traditional Grains through contract farming. The Government has been providing guarantees to AFC and CBZ, for the contracting of farmers. Total Wheat Production for the 2021 winter wheat season was 337 212 Mt. The total area planted under wheat for the 2022 season was 80 883 Ha, this resulted in Zimbabwe producing 375 131 Mt surpassing the countries annual wheat requirement of 360 000 Mt. Livestock provides income and employment to farmers, agricultural service providers and others involved in the value chain. Zimbabwe's livestock production system is characterized by small-scale subsistence farming. Despite the importance of livestock to rural livelihoods, productivity remains low. This is attributed to farmer behaviour, feed unavailability and cost, poor quality of animals, diseases, and frequent droughts. Tick-borne diseases are causing high cattle mortalities due to lack of repairs to communally owned dip tanks and lack of regular supply of acaricides. In 2021, tick borne diseases contributed to 55% of overall cattle mortality. The Livestock sector over the years has experienced challenges that have affected production and market access, such as tick-borne diseases like Theileriosis (January Disease), and transboundary diseases such as Food and Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza and Peste des Petits Disease. Animal health management, improved breeds and improved feed have been identified by previous projects as pathways to enhancing resilience in the Livestock sector. Under the Livestock Growth and Development Plan the focus of the Government is on improving animal health, vaccine rollouts, artificial insemination, and dip tank rehabilitation. In this regard, the Blitz-Tick Grease Programme was launched in 2020/21 to support 1.8 million households with tick grease to improve the health of cattle herds owned by vulnerable households. The impact of this programme is seen through the decline of cattle mortality from 11% in 2020 to 9% in 2021. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 55 Furthermore, the Government has upscaled the production of vaccines for Theileriosis and Babesiosis. The Presidential Poultry Programme was launched in 2021 to support 3 million households with free range chickens, the Goat Pass-On scheme was also introduced as a social protection measure to provide small stock to vulnerable households. The Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development was mandated to oversee the development of the Fisheries subsector, for both commercial production and household consumption. The Presidential Fisheries Community scheme was rolled out in 2021. This scheme is targeting to stock a total of 1200 dams under the administration of Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA) dotted around the country with approximately 60 000 000 fingerlings of various fish breeds such as Mozambique bream, green headed, red breasted bream and Nile tilapia and also restock around 5 000 ponds with over 5 000 000 tilapia fish. The Ministry is currently developing the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Strategy which is targeting to increase fish production from the current 20 000 tonnes per year to 55 000 tonnes by 2025, to improve household food security and nutrition security through provision of a cheap animal protein source by 70% and increase average per capita consumption of fish from 2kg per person to 19kg per person. Climate change is a reality in Zimbabwe and in the past years the agro-ecological regions have shifted because of climate change. Semi-arid regions have expanded, and special measures must be adopted to address the expansion of semi-arid (drought prone) regions in the country. As Zimbabwe advances its food and nutrition security objectives and pursues adaptation strategies, measures to mitigate against climate change will also be necessary. Climate-smart crop and livestock production technologies are needed and should be at the core of Zimbabwe's efforts to rebuild the national herd towards attaining food and nutrition security at both the household and national levels. The Government of Zimbabwe has also made headway in advancing e-agriculture/ precision agriculture initiatives. This is through a strategic partnership with the Zimbabwe National Geospatial and Space Agency (ZINGSA), on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), where the Ministry responsible for Land has the capacity to map all farms across the country's agro-ecological regions and conduct soil pH mapping. This is also being used under the NEAPS program to track the geographical location of farms. E-agriculture has also enabled Government in controlling Migratory Pests such as Quelea birds, where drones are being used to spray major roosting nests across the country. 6.2. Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, Stakeholders and Implementers Table 3 summarises the goals, key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators for tracking performance, justification for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies and achieve the stated results for the key result area of Agriculture and Food Security. G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . Im p ro ve in st itu tio n a l ca p a ci ty o f a g ri cu ltu ra l r e se a rc h (t o im p ro ve p ro d u ct iv ity o f cr o p a n d li ve st o ck t h ro u g h im p ro ve d g e n e tic s) , te ch n ic a l t ra in in g a n d e xt e n si o n s e rv ic e s (c ro p a n d li ve st o ck e xt e n si o n o ffi ce rs a n d v e te ri n a ry e xt e n si o n o ffi ce rs ) • R e se a rc h a n d d e ve lo p m e n t re m a in t o p p ri o ri ty in b u d g e t a llo ca ti o n • C a p a ci ta te d a g ri cu ltu ra l se rv ic e p ro vi d e rs • W e a k re se a rc h - e d u ca tio n - fa rm e r lin ka g e s • U n d e r- fu n d in g o f re se a rc h a n d d e ve lo p m e n t • S ta ff t u rn o ve r in r e se a rc h in st itu tio n s • P ro p o rt io n o f m o to ri se d e xt e n si o n st a ff • P ro p o rt io n o f e xt e n si o n s ta ff e q u ip p e d w ith in fo rm a tio n a n d co m m u n ic a tio n s te ch n o lo g y (I C T ) g a d g e ts • P ro p o rt io n o f b u d g e t a llo ca te d t o a g ri cu ltu re • P ro p o rt io n o f b u d g e t a llo ca te d t o a g ri cu ltu ra l r e se a rc h • Im p ro vi n g fa rm e rs ’ a cc e ss t o m o re p ro d u ct iv e te ch n o lo g ie s w ill im p ro ve re tu rn s to in ve st m e n t in fa rm in g • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r a g ri cu ltu re ( A R D A S , V E T, R e se a rc h a n d S p e c ia lis t S e rv ic e s, I rr ig a ti o n ) • C G IA R C e n tr e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • P ri va te s e c to r 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 . P ro m o te t h e u se o f b io te ch n o lo g y a n d e - a g ri cu ltu re t o im p ro ve a n d p ro m o te h ig h y ie ld in g va ri e tie s/ h yb ri d s in cl u d in g b io f o rt ifi e d cr o p s • A va ila b ili ty o f a g ri cu ltu ra l fu n d in g f ro m le n d in g in s tit u tio n s • M o b ile p h o n e a cc e ss b y fa rm e rs • L im ite d lo ca l e xp e rt is e • R e si st a n ce t o th e u se o f b io te ch n o lo g y • E c o n o m ic in st a b ili ty • U n st a b le in te rn e t c o n n e ct iv ity • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in n u m b e r o f p e o p le a d o p tin g b io te ch n o lo g y, p o st - h a rv e st h a n d lin g a n d st o ra g e te ch n o lo g y a s w e ll a s e - a g ri cu ltu re • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in n u m b e r o f fa rm e rs a d o p tin g I C T b a se d a d vi so ry s e rv ic e s • A re a u n d e r b io fo rt ifi e d c ro p s • U n lo ck p o te n tia l i n b io te ch a n d IC T s to in cr e a se f a rm p ro d u ct iv ity a n d r e d u ce ri sk s in f a rm in g • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ( A R D A S , V E T, R e se a rc h a n d S p e c ia lis t S e rv ic e s, I rr ig a ti o n ) • C G IA R C e n tr e s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • Te le co m m u n ic a ti o n s co m p a n ie s • A g ri b u si n e s s c o m p a n ie s • F a rm e rs a n d t h e ir a ss o ci a tio n s 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 56 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 1 : To b e co m e f o o d se lf -s u ffi ci e n t in ce re a ls , h o rt ic u ltu re , liv e st o ck , le g u m e s a n d a q u a cu ltu re a t n a tio n a l le ve l b y 2 0 2 5 1 . P ro m o te g e n d e r a n d n u tr iti o n s e n si tiv e a g ri cu ltu re ca p a ci ta tio n o f fa rm e rs f o r fu ll, e ffi ci e n t, s u st a in a b le , a n d p ro d u ct iv e u til is a tio n o f la n d a n d w a te r re so u rc e s • A d e q u a te fin a n ci n g f o r a ll a g ri cu ltu re a ct iv iti e s. • N a tu ra l h a za rd s/ d is a st e rs s u ch a s d ro u g h ts , ve ld fi re s, cy cl o n e s, h a ils to rm s o r flo o d s • V a n d a lis m o f a g ri cu ltu ra l in fr a st ru ct u re • T h e ft o f p ro d u ce • Q u a n tit y o f m e a t (b e e f, p o rk , p o u ltr y, g o a t a n d s h e e p ), m ilk a n d e g g s p ro d u ce d • Q u a n tit y o f ce re a l (m a iz e , w h e a t, tr a d iti o n a l g ra in s) p ro d u ct io n ( to n n e s) p e r cr o p p in g s e a so n • Q u a n tit y o f h o rt ic u ltu re p ro d u ce d • Q u a n tit y o f fis h p ro d u ce d • A ve ra g e c ro p y ie ld • L iv e st o ck o ff ta ke • C a lv in g / ki d d in g / la m b in g r a te • C a rc a ss w e ig h t • M ilk p e r co w / d a y • A re a p la n te d t o d iff e re n t cr o p s • F o o d s e cu ri ty co n si d e ri n g p re va ili n g a n d a d ve rs e w e a th e r co n d iti o n s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r a g ri c u lt u re ( A R D A S , V E T, R e s e a rc h a n d S p e c ia lis t S e rv ic e s , Ir ri g a ti o n ) • Z im b a b w e N a ti o n a l W a te r A u th o ri ty ( Z IN W A ) • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r E n e rg y a n d E n v ir o n m e n t • L a n d C o m m is s io n • P ri v a te s e c to r • M in is tr y R e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n c ie s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H o m e A ff a ir s ( P o lic e D e p a rt m e n t) 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . P ro m o te p ro d u ct io n a n d c o n su m p tio n o f d iv e rs e t ra d iti o n a l g ra in c ro p s (s o rg h u m , m ill e ts , co w p e a s) a n d s m a ll st o ck ( p o u ltr y a n d ra b b its ) • E ffi ci e n t, a ff o rd a b le a n d tim e o u s in p u ts su p p ly • U n fo re se e n ci rc u m st a n ce s su ch a s lo w fa rm e r u p ta ke o f te ch n o lo g ie s. • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in a re a u n d e r tr a d iti o n a l g ra in s • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in y ie ld u n d e r tr a d iti o n a l g ra in s • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs in vo lv e d in co n tin u o u s p ro d u ct io n o f sp e ci fic c ro p s (e .g . tr a d iti o n a l g ra in s) • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in h o u se h o ld s w ith sm a ll st o ck ( e .g . p o u ltr y, g o a ts ) • C lim a te ch a n g e re si lie n ce • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r (A R D A S , V E T, R e s e a rc h a n d S p e c ia lis t S e rv ic e s , Ir ri g a ti o n ) • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h ( M o H C C ) • G ra in M a rk e ti n g B o a rd ( G M B ) • F o o d p ro c e s s o rs • A g ri c u lt u ra l M a rk e ti n g A u th o ri ty ( A M A ) • M in is tr y R e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n c ie s 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 57 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 5 . P ro m o te r e d u ct io n o f p re -a n d p o st -h a rv e st lo ss e s a n d im p ro ve d h a n d lin g , st o ra g e te ch n o lo g ie s, f o o d p re se rv a tio n a n d f o o d co n se rv a tio n p ro ce ss e s • F a vo u ra b le , co n si st e n t p o lic ie s • C a p a ci ta te d a g ri cu ltu ra l se rv ic e p ro vi d e rs • A va ila b ili ty o f w e ll- fu n ct io n in g a g ri cu ltu ra l m a rk e ts • A va ila b ili ty o f e le ct ri ci ty f o r p ro ce ss in g m a ch in e ry • P e st o u tb re a ks (i n se ct in fe st a ti o n ) • N a tu ra l d is a st e rs (w a te r d a m a g e t o st o ra g e f a ci lit ie s) • T ra d in g o f in e ff e ct iv e p e st ic id e s b y u n sc ru p u lo u s b u si n e s se s • R e si st a n ce t o a d o p tio n o f n e w te ch n o lo g ie s b y fa rm e rs • p e rc e n ta g e re d u ct io n in p o st -h a rv e st lo ss e s • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs p ra ct ic in g im p ro ve d fo o d p re se rv a tio n m e th o d s • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in n u m b e rs o f fa rm e rs in vo lv e d in o n -f a rm p ro ce ss in g in co m e g e n e ra tin g p ro je ct s • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in h o u se h o ld in co m e • T ra in in g f a rm e rs o n p o st h a rv e s t te ch n iq u e s to re d u ce lo ss e s • R e d u ci n g f o o d w a st e a n d p o st h a rv e st lo s s e s • In cr e a si n g f a rm e r in co m e s • In cr e a si n g f o o d u til is a tio n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re ( A R D A S , V E T, R e s e a rc h a n d S p e c ia lis t S e rv ic e s , Ir ri g a tio n ) • C G IA R C e n tr e s • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n c ie s • Te le c o m m u n ic a tio n s c o m p a n ie s • A g ri b u s in e s s c o m p a n ie s • F a rm e rs a n d t h e ir a s s o c ia tio n s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r w o m e n a ff a ir s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r y o u th • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r p ri m a ry a n d s e c o n d a ry e d u c a tio n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r h e a lth • S c ie n tifi c a n d I n d u s tr ia l R e s e a rc h a n d D e v e lo p m e n t C e n tr e (S IR D C ) • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n c il F o o d p ro c e s s in g c o m p a n ie s • A g ri c u ltu ra l M a rk e tin g A u th o ri ty (A M A ) • Z im b a b w e E le c tr ic ity S u p p ly A u th o ri ty ( Z E S A ) • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • L o c a l a u th o ri tie s • F in a n c ia l I n s tit u tio n s 3 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0 6 . R e vi e w in g co n tr a ct fa rm in g p ro vi si o n s to b e co m e m o re b in d in g a n d in cl u d e t im e ly p a ym e n ts ; in fla tio n in d e xe d p ro d u ce r p ri ce s a n d e st a b lis h in g a s to p - o rd e r sy st e m t o st re n g th e n a n d p ro m o te co n tr a ct f a rm in g t o co ve r a ll cr o p s a n d liv e st o ck . • F a ir a n d e ff e ct iv e p ri ci n g s ys te m • In te re st b y p ri va te s e ct o r a n d f a rm e rs t o ve n tu re in fo co n tr a ct f a rm in g . • U n d e r- p e rf o rm in g co n tr a ct f a rm in g sy st e m s (s id e m a rk e tin g a n d p o o r p ri ci n g m o d e ls ) • U n fa vo u ra b le cl im a tic co n d iti o n s re d u ce o u tp u t • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs p a rt ic ip a tin g in c o n tr a ct fa rm in g a rr a n g e m e n ts • P ro p o rt io n o f sm a ll- sc a le f a rm e rs t re a tin g fa rm in g a s a b u si n e ss • • G u a ra n te e d in p u t a n d o u tp u t m a rk e t a cc e s s fo r fa rm e rs • A va ila b ili ty o f e xt e n si o n se rv ic e s fo r fa rm e rs • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re ( A R D A S , V E T, R e s e a rc h a n d S p e c ia lis t S e rv ic e s , Ir ri g a tio n ) • G ra in M a rk e tin g B o a rd ( G M B ) • F o o d p ro c e s s o rs a n d e x p o rt e rs • A g ri c u ltu ra l M a rk e tin g A u th o ri ty (A M A ) • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n c ie s • Z im b a b w e E le c tr ic ity S u p p ly A u th o ri ty ( Z E S A ) • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r J u s tic e , L e g a l a n d P a rl ia m e n ta ry A ff a ir s 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 58 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 7 . In te n si fy t h e d e si g n , co n st ru ct io n a n d re h a b ili ta tio n o f su st a in a b le a n d n u tr iti o n -s e n si tiv e ir ri g a tio n in fr a st ru ct u re • A d e q u a te fin a n ci n g f o r a ll a g ri cu ltu re a ct iv iti e s. • Ir ri g a b le la n d is a va ila b le a n d ca n b e s e cu re d • E q u ita b le g e o g ra p h ic a l d is tr ib u tio n o f ir ri g a tio n sc h e m e s • P ro d u ct io n o f d iv e rs e c ro p s • S u st a in a b le m a n a g e m e n t o f ir ri g a tio n • N a tu ra l h a za rd s/ d is a st e rs s u ch a s d ro u g h ts , ve ld fir e s, c yc lo n e s, h a ils to rm s o r flo o d s • H ig h c o st o f e n e rg y • T h e ft o f e q u ip m e n t • F u n ct io n a l a re a u n d e r ir ri g a tio n • N u m b e r o f n e w ir ri g a tio n s ch e m e s co n st ru ct e d • P ro p o rt io n o f ir ri g a tio n sc h e m e s th a t a re fu n ct io n a l • N u m b e r o f ir ri g a tio n sc h e m e s b y d is tr ic t • N u m b e r o f vi lla g e n u tr iti o n g a rd e n s e st a b lis h e d • F o o d s e cu ri ty co n si d e ri n g p re va ili n g a n d a d ve rs e w e a th e r co n d iti o n s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r a g ri cu ltu re ( Ir ri g a tio n , A R D A S , R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e s) • G ra in M a rk e tin g B o a rd ( G M B ) • F o o d p ro ce ss o rs • Z im b a b w e E le ct ri ci ty S u p p ly A u th o ri ty • M in is tr y re s p o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • A g ri cu ltu ra l M a rk e tin g A u th o ri ty (A M A ) • U N -A g e n ci e s 7 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 . S tr e n g th e n a n im a l a n d cr o p h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n , d is e a se su rv e ill a n ce a n d co n tr o l • W e ll- fu n d e d su rv e ill a n ce sy st e m s • P a n d e m ic o u t- b re a ks ( e .g ., C O V ID -1 9 ) • N u m b e r o f d is e a se su rv e ill a n ce r e p o rt s p ro d u ce d a n d d is se m in a te d • L iv e st o ck M o rt a lit y ra te (c a tt le , sh e e p , g o a ts , p o u ltr y) • L iv e st o ck d is e a se p re va le n ce , e .g ., th e ile ri o si s • N u m b e r o f liv e st o ck va cc in a te d • N u m b e r o f n e w d ip ta n ks • N u m b e r o f re h a b ili ta te d d ip t a n ks • P ro p o rt io n o f liv e st o ck fa rm e rs w ith a cc e ss t o a n im a l h e a lth ce n tr e s/ se rv ic e • F o o d s e cu ri ty co n si d e ri n g p re va ili n g a n d a d ve rs e w e a th e r co n d iti o n s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r (I rr ig a tio n , A R D A S , R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e s) • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l • S e e d c o m p a n ie s • A g ri cu ltu ra l M a rk e tin g A u th o ri ty (A M A ) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r W o m e n A ff a ir s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 4 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 . P ro m o te G o o d A g ri cu ltu ra l P ra ct ic e s (G A P ) a cr o ss t h e w h o le va lu e c h a in W ill in g n e ss b y fa rm e rs t o a d o p t G o o d A g ri cu ltu ra l P ra ct ic e s H ig h in p u t a n d la b o u r co st s • N u m b e r o f d e m o n st ra tio n s • N u m b e r o f fa rm e rs tr a in e d • N u m b e r o f fa rm e rs w h o a d o p te d G A P • In cr e a se d p ro d u ct io n le ve ls o f cr o p s a n d liv e st o ck • In cr e a se d p ro d u ct iv ity a cr o ss t h e w h o le a g ri cu ltu ra l s e ct o r • R e d u ce d p re - a n d p o st -h a rv e st lo ss e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ( Ir ri g a tio n , A R D A S , R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e s) • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l • S e e d c o m p a n ie s • A g ri cu ltu ra l M a rk e tin g A u th o ri ty (A M A ) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r W o m e n A ff a ir s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 59 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 2 : To in cr e a se t h e p ro p o rt io n o f h o u s e h o ld s w ith a c ce p ta b le fo o d c o n su m p tio n s co re f ro m 3 5 % i n 2 0 2 2 to 7 5 % b y 2 0 2 5 1 . P ro m o te c ro p a n d liv e st o ck d iv e rs ifi ca tio n a t h o u s e h o ld le ve l • W ill in g n e ss b y fa rm e rs t o a d o p t n e w te c h n o lo g ie s a n d d iv e rs ify p ro d u ct io n • N a tu ra l h a za rd s/ d is a s te rs s u ch a s d ro u g h ts o r cy c lo n e s m ig h t re d u c e a g ri c u ltu ra l o u tp u t. • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith a n a cc e p ta b le f o o d co n su m p tio n s co re . • C ro p d iv e rs ifi ca tio n In d e x • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s p ro d u ci n g li ve st o ck • T o im p ro ve ca p a ci ty t o p ro d u ce d iv e rs e a n d n u tr iti o u s fo o d s • T o im p ro ve h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n a l st a tu s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r a g ri cu ltu re ( Ir ri g a tio n , A R D A S , R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e s, S P B D ) • H o rt ic u ltu re P ro m o tio n C o u n ci l ( H P C ) • G ra in M a rk e tin g B o a rd ( G M B ) • F o o d p ro ce ss o rs • A g ri cu ltu ra l M a rk e tin g A u th o ri ty ( A M A ) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • Z E S A • M e a t p ro ce ss o rs 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l 3 : In c re a se t h e d o m e st ic p ro d u ct io n , s u p p ly a n d c o n su m p tio n o f fo o d s ri c h in m ic ro n u tr ie n ts b y 2 0 2 5 1 . P ro m o te a d o p tio n o f a v a ila b le , tr a d it io n a l a n d n e w b io fo rt ifi e d v a ri e tie s o f c ro p s s u ch a s b io fo rt ifi e d o ra n g e m a iz e , b io fo rt ifi e d b e a n s, h ig h i ro n & p ro te in m ill e t a n d o ra n g e fl e sh e d s w e e t p o ta to e s t h ro u g h a g ri c u ltu ra l e xt e n s io n s u p p o rt , in p u t p a c ka g e s a n d o u tp u t p ro ce s si n g , m a rk e t lin ka g e s fa ci lit a ti o n a n d c o n su m e r e d u c a tio n f o r d e m a n d c re a tio n • W ill in g n e ss o f fa rm e rs t o t ry a n d a d o p t b io - fo rt if ie d c ro p s • Ta st e s a n d p re fe re n ce s o f co n su m e rs (e .g ., o ra n g e m a iz e a n d t ra d iti o n a l g ra in s ). • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s p ro d u ci n g b io fo rt ifi e d va ri e tie s o f cr o p s • N u m b e r o f fa rm e rs tr a in e d in p ro d u ct io n o f b io fo rt ifi e d c ro p s • N u m b e r o f fo o d p ro d u ct s ce rt ifi e d f o r fo rt ifi ca tio n • Q u a n tit y o f b io fo rt ifi e d c ro p s p ro d u ce d • R e d u ct io n in m a ln u tr iti o n • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ( A R D A S , R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e s, E co n o m ic s a n d M a rk e ts ) • S IR D C • F o o d p ro ce ss o rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth • Z E S A • C G IA R c e n tr e s 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 60 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 2 . In cr e a se a va ila b ili ty o f ce rt ifi e d b io f o rt ifi e d se e d o n t h e m a rk e t • W ill in g n e ss o f se e d h o u se s a n d a g ro - d e a le rs t o p ro d u ce a n d m a rk e t b io fo rt ifi e d s e e d , re sp e ct iv e ly . • L a c k o f b u y -i n a n d c o o p e ra tio n fr o m s e e d h o u se s a n d a g ro -d e a le rs • N u m b e r o f se e d h o u se s p ro d u ci n g b io fo rt ifi e d c e rt ifi e d se e d • N u m b e r o f a g ro - d e a le rs s e lli n g b io fo rt ifi e d c e rt ifi e d se e d • R e d u ct io n in m a ln u tr iti o n • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • S IR D C • F o o d p ro ce ss o rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth • Z E S A • C G IA R c e n tr e s 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 . P ro m o te a n d i n c re a se p ro d u ct io n o f fr u it tr e e s a n d h e rb s a t h o u se h o ld le ve l • A va ila b ili ty o f a d e q u a te w a te r (r a in fe d a n d u n d e rg ro u n d ) • N a tu ra l h a za rd s/ d is a st e rs s u ch a s d ro u g h ts o r c yc lo n e s m ig h t re d u ce a g ri cu ltu ra l o u tp u t. • N u m b e r o f tr e e s p la n te d • N u m b e r o f o rc h a rd s e st a b lis h e d R e d u ct io n in m a ln u tr iti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • H P C • F ru it p ro ce ss o rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • F o re st ry C o m m is si o n • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y re s p o n si b le f o r H e a lth • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s • Z IN W A • S IR D C 6 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 . E st a b lis h c o m m u n ity fis h p o n d s a n d s to c ki n g o f fis h in d a m s • W ill in g n e ss b y fa rm e rs t o a d o p t a q u a cu lt u re • R e so u rc e s t o su p p o rt a q u a cu lt u re e xt e n si o n se rv ic e s • P ro p a g a tio n o f In va si ve S p e ci e s. • C o n ta m in a tio n o f W a te r A ff e ct s W ild F is h P o p u la tio n . • N u m b e r o f fis h p o n d s e st a b lis h e d • N u m b e r o f d a m s st o ck e d w ith fi sh • Q u a n tit y o f fis h p ro d u ce d • F le xi b ili ty • S o u rc e o f fo o d a n d in co m e • W a st e m a n a g e m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 61 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 5 .P ro m o te p ro d u ct io n a n d c o n su m p tio n o f sm a ll s to ck ’s m e a t, m ilk a n d e g g s • W ill in g n e ss t o a d o p t p ro d u ct io n o f sm a ll s to ck lik e r a b b its • C o n su m p tio n b e h a vi o u r • p ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s p ra ct is in g sm a ll st o ck p ro d u ct io n (p o u ltr y, r a b b its , g o a ts ) • D iv e rs ifi e d a n im a l s o u rc e s o f m ic ro n u tr ie n ts • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s 1 . D iv e rs ify a n d s c a le -u p n u tr iti o n a n d g e n d e r- se n si tiv e p ro d u ct io n o f e m e rg in g h ig h -v a lu e cr o p s su ch a s b lu e b e rr ie s, r a sp b e rr y, m a ca d a m ia n u ts , c h ia , a n d s a ff ro n w h ic h h a ve h ig h d e m a n d o n t h e lo ca l a n d e xp o rt m a rk e ts • A tt ra ct iv e p ro d u ce r p ri ce s • N o n -r e st ri c tiv e tr a d e p o lic ie s to e n co u ra g e e xp o rt b y fa rm e rs • V ia b ili ty o f fa rm e rs in ve st in g in e m e rg in g h ig h -v a lu e c ro p s • R e st ri c tiv e e xp o rt re q u ir e m e n ts • P o o r ro a d n e tw o rk a n d u n st a b le m a rk e ts • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in n u m b e r o f fa rm e rs a d o p tin g d iv e rs ifi e d e m e rg in g c ro p s • P ro p o rt io n o f q u a n tit ie s o f e m e rg in g c ro p s a va ila b le o n t h e m a rk e t • E xp o rt r e ve n u e f ro m h ig h -v a lu e c ro p s • T ra in in g f a rm e rs o n c ro p d iv e rs ifi ca tio n a n d in cr e a se p ro fit a b ili ty o f th e ir e n te rp ri se s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • H P C • F ru it p ro ce ss o rs a n d e xp o rt e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r W o m e n a ff a ir s • F o re st ry C o m m is si o n • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s • Z IN W A • Z IM T R A D E • B a n ks • M ic ro fin a n ce in st itu tio n s 1 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . S tr e n g th e n t h e d o m e st ic h o rt ic u ltu ra l m a rk e ts in m a jo r c iti e s • A va ila b ili ty o f w e ll- fu n ct io n in g a g ri cu ltu ra l m a rk e ts lo ca lly a n d a b ro a d • W ill in g n e ss b y tr a d e rs t o fo rm a lis e • E c o n o m ic in st a b ili ty • N u m b e r o f d o m e st ic h o rt ic u ltu ra l m a rk e ts st re n g th e n e d • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs w ith a cc e ss t o fo rm a lis e d d o m e st ic h o rt ic u ltu ra l m a rk e ts • H o rt ic u ltu re m a rk e t su p p o rt • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ( A R D A S , R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e s, F is h e ri e s, E co n o m ic s a n d M a rk e ts ) • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • U rb a n c o u n c ils • H P C • F ru it p ro ce ss o rs a n d e xp o rt e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r W o m e n a ff a ir s • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S m a ll a n d M e d iu m -S ca le E n te rp ri se s • F o re st ry C o m m is si o n • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s • Z IN W A • Z IM T R A D E • B a n ks • M ic ro fin a n ce in st itu tio n s 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 62 G o a l 4 : In cr e a se th e p ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith im p ro ve d s o u rc e o f liv e lih o o d s b y 2 0 2 5 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . P ro m o te c lu st e r d e ve lo p m e n t in a g ri cu ltu re f o cu si n g o n h ig h -v a lu e f o o d a n d ca sh c ro p s, a s w e ll a s liv e st o ck , a q u a cu ltu re , a p ic u ltu re a n d f o re st a n d t im b e r- b a se d p ro d u c ts • A va ila b ili ty o f g o o d r o a d n e tw o rk in r u ra l a re a s t o a cc e ss m a rk e ts f o r h o rt ic u lt u re p ro d u ct s w h ic h a re m o st ly p e ri sh a b le • P o o r ro a d n e tw o rk s a n d im p ro p e r m a rk e ts . • N u m b e r o f p ri va te se ct o r in ve st m e n ts st im u la te d a lo n g t h e va lu e c h a in f o r p ri o ri ty co m m o d iti e s • N u m b e r o f p ro d u ct iv e a g ri cu ltu ra l c lu st e rs • N u m b e r o f cl u st e rs tr a in e d a n d f o rm a liz e d • In co m e g e n e ra tio n th ro u g h p ro d u ct io n a n d m a rk e tin g o f h ig h -v a lu e f o o d a n d c a sh c ro p s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • H P C • F ru it p ro ce ss o rs a n d e xp o rt e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s • U N -A g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • F o re st ry C o m m is si o n • C G IA R c e n tr e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth a n d c h ild ca re • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s • Z IN W A • Z IM T R A D E • B a n ks • M ic ro fin a n ce in st itu tio n s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r T ra n sp o rt • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t F u n d ( D D F ) 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 63 G o a ls f o r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs G o a ls A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 5 : In c re a s e th e p ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs a d o p tin g cl im a te -s m a rt a g ri cu ltu re p ra ct ic e s 1 . E n co u ra g e in te g ra te d so il fe rt ili ty m a n a g e m e n t p ra ct ic e s • L a b o u r is a va ila b le t o p ra c tic e s o il fe rt ili ty m a n a g e m e n t p ra c tic e s a t fa rm le ve l • S lo w u p ta ke b y co m m u n iti e s to a d o p t n e w m e th o d s o f fa rm in g ( e .g . a d o p tio n o f tr a d iti o n a l g ra in s th a t a re d ro u g h t to le ra n t) • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in a g ri cu ltu ra l o u tp u t • N u m b e r o f so il m a n a g e m e n t p ra ct ic e s p ro m o te d • In cr e a se in a g ri cu ltu ra l o u tp u t • A g ri cu ltu re R e se a rc h B o a rd • C h e m is tr y a n d S o il R e se a rc h In st itu te • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ( D e p a rt m e n t o f R e se a rc h a n d S p e ci a lis t S e rv ic e D R & S S ) • S e e d h o u se s • A R D A S • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . P ro m o te a n d u p sc a le th e u se o f C lim a te S m a rt A g ri c u lt u re (C S A ) te ch n o lo g ie s in c ro p a n d li ve st o ck p ro d u c tio n • A va ila b ili ty o f w e ll- fu n ct io n in g a g ri cu ltu ra l m a rk e ts • A va ila b ili ty o f la b o u r a n d m a ch in e ry f o r C S A • R e si st a n ce t o a d o p tio n o f n e w te ch n o lo g ie s b y fa rm e rs • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in f a rm e rs p ra ct is in g cl im a te s m a rt a g ri cu ltu re te ch n o lo g ie s in liv e st o ck p ro d u ct io n (s m a ll st o ck ) • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs p ra ct is in g c lim a te sm a rt a g ri cu ltu re te ch n o lo g ie s (c o n se rv a tio n a g ri cu ltu re , w a te r h a rv e st in g ) • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in c ro p y ie ld s • C lim a te re si lie n ce • In cr e a si n g p ro d u ct iv ity • In cr e a si n g f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • G M B • F o o d p ro ce ss o rs • A M A • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • N G O s U N -A g e n ci e s 0 3 . C o n d u ct r e se a rc h o n su st a in a b le r e so u rc e u se e ffi ci e n cy in fa rm in g • U se o f a p p ro p ri a te m e th o d s o f fa rm in g • In a p p ro p ri a te a n d u n su st a in a b le fa rm in g m e th o d s • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in a g ri cu ltu ra l o u tp u t • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in c ro p y ie ld s • In cr e a se in a g ri cu ltu ra l o u tp u t • A g ri cu ltu re r e se a rc h b o a rd • A R D A S • F A O • F e rt ili ze r C o m p a n ie s 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 . E st a b lis h s u st a in a b le liv e st o ck / ra n g e la n d p ro d u c tio n a n d m a n a g e m e n t, in cl u d in g a c tiv e p ro m o tio n o f m e a su re s to r e d u ce g re e n h o u s e g a s e m is si o n s. • A va ila b ili ty o f la n d • C o m p e tit io n f o r la n d b e tw e e n a ra b le a n d g ra zi n g la n d • N u m b e r o f g ra zi n g / ra n g e la n d m a n a g e m e n t sc h e m e s e st a b lis h e d • L iv e st o ck c a rr yi n g ca p a ci ty o f ra n g e la n d s in liv e st o ck u n its p e r h e ct a re ( L U /h a ) • In cr e a se in liv e st o ck p ro d u ct iv ity • A g ri cu ltu re r e se a rc h b o a rd • A R D A S • D e p a rt m e n t o f L iv e st o ck P ro d u ct io n a n d D e ve lo p m e n t • N G O s 9 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 T o ta l B u d g e t 6 0 9 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 3 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r A g ri c u lt u re a n d F o o d S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 6. KEY RESULT AREA 2: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 64 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 7.1 Rationale for Key Result Area According to the SADC Food and Nutrition Security Strategy 2015-2025, social protection encompasses a broad range of public actions that provide direct support to people to help them deal with risks, vulnerability, exclusion, hunger, and poverty. The three major elements of social protection include; · Social legislation which provides legal frameworks that define and protect citizen's rights and ensures minimum civic standards to safeguard the interest of the individual (e.g. labour laws, health and safety standards); · Social insurance which consists of contributory schemes managed by governments to provide support to participating individuals in times of hardship (e.g. unemployment benefits); and · Social transfers which are non-contributory (the recipient is not required to pay premiums or taxes to receive the transfer) social assistance provided by public and civic bodies to those living in poverty or in danger of falling into poverty (e.g. food aid, cash transfers, old age pensions or disability allowance). 19 Accordingly, in its aspiration to attain the Sustainable Development Goal 1, Target 1.3 , Zimbabwe identifies and advocates for the need to provide social protection to its citizens as provided in Section 30 of its Constitution which states that… “the State must take all practical measures, within the limits of the resources available to it, to provide social security and social care to those who are in need”. Zimbabwe has a rich social protection tradition and a range of social protection instruments are being implemented. These include cash and in-kind transfers, public works programmes, health and education assistance, child protection services, social insurance programmes, and resilience and livelihoods rebuilding programmes. Despite these initiatives, poverty and vulnerability continues to be major challenges confronting Zimbabwe (NSPF, 2016). Also, in compliance with the decision of the January 2016 African Union (AU) heads of State Summit, Zimbabwe adopted the Home-Grown School Feeding programme, which, among other goals, recognises the provision of school meals as a key social protection pillar. There is a proven relationship between certain types of social protection provision and food and nutrition security outcomes. Social protection is one of the areas for policy and programming that can contribute to ensuring food security by ensuring a basic level of income security and access to health. This is especially true among highly vulnerable groups of the population as indicated in the National Social Protection Framework of 2016 such as orphans and vulnerable children, the chronically ill, the elderly, pregnant and lactating women, populations affected by disasters etc. Among these groups, social protection mechanisms contribute to meeting nutritional needs, facilitating access to adequate food, accelerating hunger reduction and increasing levels of human capital, which in turn improves levels of nutrition, and encourage self-sufficient and independent subsistence for those who are able ¹⁹SDG1, 1.3 Implement na�onally appropriate social protec�on systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substan�al coverage of the poor and the vulnerable CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 65 ²⁰h�ps://socialprotec�on-humanrights.org/key-issues/rela�onship-with-other-human-rights/food-and- nutri�on/#:~:text=Social%20protec�on%20is%20one%20of,of%20food%20security%20and%20nutri�on. 0 to work . A strong case on the social protection benefits of the Home-Grown School Feeding 2 Programme has also been documented at the high-level political forum. Social protection schemes reduce gender and income inequalities and social exclusion. They also make it easier for people to access HIV and other health related services as well as cushioning households and individuals against the impacts of HIV/AIDS. In addition, social protection also helps to cushion communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging disasters. Under the social protection pillar, the Government has made achievements in key strategies between 2020 and 2022. The Ministry responsible for Social Welfare in collaboration with the respective Development Partners managed to review the Food Deficit Mitigation Strategy which standardises the implementation of the food distribution to food insecure households. To ensure inclusivity and disability mainstreaming, the Ministry also launched the National Disability Policy in June 2021. In addition, to improve on the household economy which has an impact on their nutrition status, the transfer value of all social cash transfers was reviewed from ZWL1,500 to USD20 equivalent. Furthermore, there was the introduction of Emergency Social Cash Transfers to cushion households against shocks such as urban vulnerability as well as against effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In an effort to improve on gender equalities, a total of 24,110 women have been exposed to markets for the purpose of creating market linkages (market fairs, food fairs, open markets day, International Expos, and International Women's Day). To promote women's access to finance, 245 projects worth ZWL 92 402 000 were funded through the Women Development Fund covering different Provinces. Funded projects were in poultry, baking, fishing, maize milling, livestock production, protective clothing, horticulture, and goat keeping. In order equip women with different skills, 31 176 women were capacitated in piggery and poultry production; detergent making; petroleum jelly production; beverages making; floor polish making, food processing, sanitizers production, amongst others. Women Empowerment clubs were resuscitated, and 1090 Clubs were established with over 9900 members capacitated and linked to funding. In the Home-Grown School Feeding Programme (HGSFP), food is sourced from local small-holder farmers, thus boosting income generation and entrepreneurship in local communities. School meals have been proven to retain and improve the performance of children in schools, as well as enhancing children’s concentration in the classroom. The HGSF Programme was adopted by the Government of Zimbabwe in May 2016 as a strategy to ensure optimal enrolment, improve school attendance, retention and completion rates whilst improving the health and nutrition status of all learners with the socioeconomic effect of improving the livelihoods of small-scale agricultural producers and others in the agro-processing value chain, particularly women and youth. The HGSFP programme has been implemented in 72 districts in phases. There are 9,778 schools, of which phase 1 and phase 2 of the HGSFP programme covered 6,798 primary schools from the period 2016 to 2021 whilst phase 3 will include 2,980 secondary schools in 2022. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 66 https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/key-issues/relationship-with-other-human-rights/food-and-nutrition/ https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/key-issues/relationship-with-other-human-rights/food-and-nutrition/ https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/key-issues/relationship-with-other-human-rights/food-and-nutrition/ https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/key-issues/relationship-with-other-human-rights/food-and-nutrition/ https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/key-issues/relationship-with-other-human-rights/food-and-nutrition/ 7.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, Stakeholders and Implementers The proposed goals, key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators for tracking performance, justification for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies and achieve the stated results for the key result area KRA of Social Protection are summarised in Table 4. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 67 G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 1 : R e le va n t p ro g ra m m e s u n d e r so ci a l p ro te ct io n a re n u tr iti o n - s e n si tiv e b y 2 0 2 5 1 . R o ll- o u t a p p ro p ri a te a n d in c lu si ve ( g e n d e r, d is a b ili ty , a n d a g e sp e ci fic ) n u tr iti o n - se n si tiv e in fo rm a tio n p a c ka g e s (e .g ., b ra ill e , s ig n la n g u a g e ) th ro u g h re le va n t so ci a l p ro te c tio n in te rv e n tio n s • T h e re w ill b e a d e q u a te f u n d in g f ro m th e G o ve rn m e n t a n d its p a rt n e rs t o s u p p o rt th e s tr a te g ie s • R e d u ce d d o n o r a n d G o ve rn m e n t fu n d in g • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s re a ch e d w ith n u tr iti o n -s e n si tiv e in fo rm a tio n p a ck a g e s • N u m b e r o f m a te ri a ls d e ve lo p e d • L a ck o f kn o w le d g e o n n u tr iti o n s e n si tiv e in fo rm a ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s • P e rm a n e n t S e cr e ta ry fo r P ro vi n ci a l A ff a ir s a n d D e vo lu tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r In fo rm a tio n a n d P u b lic ity 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 . D is tr ib u te a n u tr iti o n -s e n s iti ve F o o d D e fic it M iti g a tio n p a ck a g e b y 2 0 2 5 • T h e re w ill b e a d e q u a te r e so u rc e s • L a ck o f re so u rc e s to m a ke t h e p ro g ra m m e su st a in a b le • P ro p o rt io n o f vu ln e ra b le h o u se h o ld s w it h a cc e p ta b le h o u se h o ld d ie ta ry d iv e rs ity ( H D D S ) • P ro p o rt io n o f vu ln e ra b le h o u se h o ld s w ith a cc e p ta b le f o o d co n su m p tio n sc o re ( F C S ) • Im p ro ve d n u tr iti o n t h ro u g h co n su m in g d iv e rs e n u tr iti o u s fo o d s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • P e rm a n e n t S e cr e ta ry fo r P ro vi n ci a l A ff a ir s a n d D e vo lu tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 1 5 ,0 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 68 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l R e s p o n s ib le G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . S tr e n g th e n m u lt i- s e ct o ra l l in k a g e s o f th e E d u ca ti o n , A g ri cu ltu re , H e a lth , S o ci a l P ro te c tio n , F in a n ce , W o m e n A ff a ir s a n d Y o u th fo r th e s u st a in a b ili ty o f th e H o m e -g ro w n S c h o o l F e e d in g P ro g ra m m e • P o lic y a lig n m e n t • E ve ry p ri m a ry s ch o o l p ro vi d in g o n e h o t b a la n c e d m e a l p e r le a rn e r p e r d a y o f th e a n n u a l s c h o o l ca le n d a r • P h a s e 3 o f th e H G S F P w ill b e g in in 2 0 2 2 a n d e x te n d sc h o o l m e a ls t o se co n d a ry s ch o o ls • In a d e q u a te re so u rc e s to m a ke t h e p ro g ra m m e su st a in a b le • o v e r- re lia n ce o n th e fi sc u s le a d in g t o in co m p le te p ro vi si o n o f sc h o o l m e a ls p e r ca le n d a r sc h o o l ye a r • N u m b e r o f le a rn e rs p ro vi d e d w it h o n e h o t b a la n ce d s ch o o l m e a l/ sc h o o l d a y • P ro p o rt io n o f fo o d i te m s p u rc h a se d f ro m sm a llh o ld e r fa rm e rs • N u m b e r o f sc h o o ls im p le m e n ti n g t h e H G S F P • N u m b e r o f S P in st it u ti o n s w h e re th e H G S F P i s p ro m o te d • C o m p le ti o n r a te o f le a rn e rs • P a ss r a te • S ch o o l d ro p o u t ra te • S u st a in a b ili ty o f th e s u p p ly c h a in • S o ci a l p ro te ct io n in d ic a to rs f o r tr a ck in g e ff e ct iv e n e ss • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 4 5 ,0 0 0 4 . R o llo u t th e n u tr iti o n a n d h e a lth p ro g ra m m e (d e w o rm in g , m e a su ri n g h e ig h t, w e ig h t, n u tr iti o n a n d h e a lth e d u ca tio n , m ic ro n u tr ie n t su p p le m e n ta tio n ) in a ll in st itu tio n s p ro vi d in g s o ci a l p ro te ct io n s e rv ic e s. • A va ila b ili ty o f re so u rc e s • A d e q u a te h u m a n re so u rc e s w ith c a p a ci ty to im p le m e n t h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n p ro g ra m m e s • L a ck o f fu n d in g / re s o u rc e s • N u m b e r o f S P in st itu tio n s w h e re n u tr iti o n a n d h e a lth p ro g ra m m e s a re ro lle d o u t • Im p ro ve d n u tr iti o n o u tc o m e s th ro u g h th e H G S F P • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r E d u c a tio n • P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s • P D C 4 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 69 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 2 : In c re a se c o ve ra g e o f s o ci a l a s si s ta n ce re n d e re d t o th o s e id e n tifi e d v u ln e ra b le fr o m 6 5 % in 2 0 2 0 t o 8 5 % b y 2 0 2 5 1 . D ig it a liz e a n a ll- in cl u s iv e S o ci a l P ro te c tio n D a ta b a se t h a t is re lia b le a n d a c ce ss ib le t o a ll p a rt n e rs • T h e M in is tr y / d e p a rt m e n t re s p o n si b le f o r so c ia l d e ve lo p m e n t h a s th e n e ce ss a ry e q u ip m e n t h u m a n m a n p o w e r a n d e xp e rt is e t o im p le m e n t th e k e y st ra te g ie s. • In a d e q u a te fu n d in g • la ck o f re so u rc e s s u ch a s h u m a n , fi n a n ci a l a n d te ch n ic a l • N o n c o n tin u ity o f p ro g ra m m e s im p le m e n te d • e xc lu si o n a n d in cl u si o n e rr o rs • P ro p o rt io n o f d is tr ic ts in Z im b a b w e w ith d ig ita lis e d re g is te rs o f vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s • N u m b e r o f vu ln e ra b le p e o p le ca p tu re d in t h e d a ta b a se • N u m b e r o f ve ri fic a tio n p ro ce ss e s co n d u ct e d • H a rm o n is e d S o ci a l P ro te ct io n In te rv e n tio n s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H o m e A ff a ir s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 6 5 ,0 0 0 2 . B u ild c a p a ci ty o f th e D e p a rt m e n t o f S o ci a l D e ve lo p m e n t to u s e t h e d a ta b a se fo r b e n e fic ia ry s e le ct io n . • a d e q u a te f u n d in g f ro m th e g o ve rn m e n t a n d its p a rt n e rs • T h e d a ta b a se m a y n o t b e u til is e d • N u m b e r o f o ffi ce rs ca p a ci ta te d . • E ffi ci e n t p ro g ra m m in g • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 1 6 5 ,0 0 0 3 . H a rm o n is e ta rg e tin g o f S P in te rv e n tio n s • H a rd t o r e a ch a re a s w it h m o st v u ln e ra b le p o p u la tio n i s c a p tu re d in t h e d a ta b a se • T h e re is c o o rd in a tio n b e tw e e n G o v e rn m e n t a n d r e le va n t st a ke h o ld e rs • D e p e n d e n cy s yn d ro m e f ro m th e t a rg e te d v u ln e ra b le p o p u la tio n • In co n si st e n ci e s w ith r e g a rd s to s ta n d a rd s o f o p e ra tio n • N u m b e r o f so ci a l p ro te ct io n in te rv e n tio n s h a rm o n is e d • V a ri a tio n in t h e ta rg e tin g a n d s e le ct io n c ri te ri a b y d iff e re n t a g e n ci e s • A d d re ss d o u b le - d ip p in g • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 4 . D e ve lo p m in im u m s ta n d a rd s a n d g u id e lin e s f o r s o ci a l a ss is ta n c e s u p p o rt a n d c a sh s u p p o rt t o m e e t n u tr iti o n a l n e e d s fo r a ll th e v u ln e ra b le g ro u p s • G o ve rn m e n t a n d p a rt n e rs t o a llo ca te re s o u rc e s fo r th is a ct iv ity • T h e m in im u m s ta n d a rd s m a y s til l n o t b e u se d if n o t e n fo rc e d • A va ila b ili ty o f th e m in im u m st a n d a rd s fo r a ll p la ye rs in t h e so ci a l a ss is ta n ce se ct o r • N o n -s ta n d a rd ra tio n s w e re g iv e n o u t b y d iff e re n t a g e n ci e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 1 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 70 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 5 . E n su re a d e q u a te re p o rt in g a n d m o n ito ri n g m e ch a n is m s a re p u t in p la ce • W ill in g n e s s o f st a ke h o ld e rs • R e p o rt in g s tr u ct u re s a re a va ila b le a n d a re fu n c tio n a l • L a ck o f sk ill s to u se t h e m o n ito ri n g sy st e m s • A va ila b ili ty o f m o n ito ri n g a n d re p o rt in g m e ch a n is m s • P ro p o rt io n o f st a ke h o ld e rs u til is in g t h e re p o rt in g m e ch a n is m • M o n ito ri n g h e lp s to c h e ck p ro g re ss th ro u g h o u t th e im p le m e n ta ti o n p ro ce ss • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lf a re • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a ti o n s • P D C 7 7 4 ,0 0 0 6 . S ca le -u p t h e p ro vi si o n o f in c lu si ve s o ci a l a s si st a n ce t h ro u g h ra tio n a lis a ti o n o f b e n e fic ia ri e s to e n su re t h e y r e c e iv e th e m u ch n e e d e d a n d re le va n t so ci a l a s si st a n ce f o r e n h a n ce d F N S . • P a rt ic ip a tio n o f s ta k e h o ld e rs • C o rr u p ti o n • E xc lu si o n a n d in cl u si o n e rr o rs . • N u m b e r o f d e se rv in g p e o p le th a t re ce iv e S P a ss is ta n ce • P ro p o rt io n o f vu ln e ra b le h o u se h o ld s ta rg e te d f o r S u p p le m e n ta ry F e e d in g P ro g ra m m e • A ss is ta n c e t o vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s h e lp s to a ch ie ve n u tr it io n o u tc o m e s M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s • P D C 0 1 . In cr e a se li v e lih o o d s s u p p o rt f o r th e v u ln e ra b le g ro u p s. • E n a b lin g m a cr o a n d m ic ro e co n o m ic p o lic ie s w h ic h a re f a vo u ra b le t o v u ln e ra b le p o p u la tio n s • M o re e xt re m e w e a th e r e ve n ts th a n h it h e rt o e xp e ri e n ce d • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s p a rt ic ip a ti n g i n in co m e g e n e ra ti n g p ro je ct s • C o p in g s tr a te g y in d e x • R e si lie n ce c a p a ci ty in d e x • Im p ro ve t h e liv e lih o o d s o f th e vu ln e ra b le h o u se h o ld s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • P e rm a n e n t S e cr e ta ri e s fo r P ro vi n ci a l A ff a ir s a n d D e vo lu tio n • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 1 6 5 ,0 0 0 2 . C a p a ci ta te c o m m u n ity s tr u c tu re s s u ch a s C o m m u n ity C h ild P ro te c tio n C o m m it te e s , C o m m u n ity D e v e lo p m e n t C o o rd in a to rs a n d V ID C O s Is ip h a la s e N ko s i / Z u n d e ra M a m b o • E n a b lin g m a cr o a n d m ic ro e co n o m ic p o lic ie s w h ic h a re f a vo u ra b le t o v u ln e ra b le p o p u la tio n s • U n fo re se e n ci rc u m st a n ce s e ,g ., C O V ID -1 9 • N u m b e r o f co m m u n it y st ru ct u re s ca p a ci ta te d • N u m b e r o f fu n ct io n a l co m m u n it y S P st ru ct u re s • S tr o n g c o m m u n ity st ru ct u re s n e e d e d to s p e a rh e a d s o ci a l p ro te ct io n p ro g ra m m e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • P e rm a n e n t S e cr e ta ri e s fo r P ro vi n ci a l A ff a ir s a n d D e vo lu tio n • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a tio n s 6 ,2 8 5 ,0 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 71 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . C u st o m is e li ve lih o o d s p ro g ra m m e s to s u it th e n a tu re o f vu ln e ra b ili ty e .g ., f o r P e rs o n s w ith D is a b ili tie s, ch ro n ic a lly il l, e tc • T h e v u ln e ra b le a re w ill in g t o e n g a g e in liv e lih o o d s a ct iv iti e s • L a c k o f kn o w le d g e a n d e xp o su re • N u m b e r o f vu ln e ra b le h o u se h o ld s e n g a g in g in t a ilo r- m a d e li ve lih o o d a ct iv iti e s • T h e re a re s o m e vu ln e ra b le p e o p le w h o c a n e n g a g e in so m e li ve lih o o d a ct iv iti e s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r L o ca l G o v e rn m e n t • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • P e rm a n e n t S e c re ta ri e s fo r P ro v in c ia l A ff a ir s a n d D e v o lu ti o n • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a ti o n s 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 . Im p le m e n t liv e lih o o d s p ro je ct s th a t u se la b o u r sa vi n g te ch n o lo g ie s • A ll th e v u ln e ra b le g ro u p s h a ve a cc e ss t o t h e fin a n ci a l m e a n s to p u rc h a se t h e la b o u r- sa vi n g t e ch n o lo g ie s • Q u a lit y o f th e te ch n o lo g ie s m a y n o t b e d u ra b le , h e n ce t h e d e si re d re s u lts m a y n o t b e a tt a in e d . • N u m b e r o f la b o u r- sa vi n g t e ch n o lo g ie s d is p e n se d • N u m b e r o f w o m e n a cc e ss in g la b o u r sa vi n g t e ch n o lo g ie s • A d d re ss in g la b o u r b o tt le n e ck s a m o n g vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r L o ca l G o v e rn m e n t • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r Y o u th • P e rm a n e n t S e c re ta ry fo r P ro v in c ia l A ff a ir s a n d D e v o lu ti o n • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs a n d d o n o r o rg a n is a ti o n s 6 ,7 5 0 ,6 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 72 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 5 . A d vo c a te f o r th e d e ve lo p m e n t, re h a b ili ta tio n a n d d e si g n o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n in fr a st ru c tu re d u ri n g c o m m u n ity w o rk s th a t im p ro ve s fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e c u ri ty a t h o u se h o ld a n d co m m u n it y le ve l • a cc e ss t o f u n d in g fr o m m u lti p le s o u rc e s • C o m m u n iti e s a re w ill in g t o p a rt ic ip a te • S ta ke h o ld e rs ’ w ill in g to p ro vi d e t e c h n ic a l, m a te ri a l a n d fi n a n c ia l re so u rc e s • S ta b le s o ci o - e co n o m ic e n vi ro n m e n t • C o m m u n ity re si st a n ce • N a tu ra l D is a st e rs • N u m b e r o f R o a d s re h a b ili ta te d • L e n g th o f n e w ro a d s (k m ) co n st ru ct e d • N u m b e r o f a g ri b u si n e ss m a rk e ts re h a b ili ta te d /c o n s tr u ct e d • N u m b e r o f F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n d e m o n st ra tio n si te s e st a b lis h e d • N u m b e r o f g ra in si lo s co n st ru ct e d • N u m b e r o f H G S F P s ch o o l ki tc h e n s co n st ru ct e d • R e b u ild in g o f p ro d u ct iv e a ss e ts a n d e co n o m ic a lly e m p o w e ri n g vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s w it h la b o u r ca p a ci ty • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r P u b lic W o rk s • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t F u n d ( D D F ) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r T ra n sp o rt • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lf a re • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • U N A g e n ci e s • N G O s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • P ro vi n ci a l D e ve lo p m e n t C o m m it te e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r F in a n ce 1 2 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l 4 : In te g ra te so c ia l p ro te ct io n a n d n u tr iti o n se n s iti ve a ct iv iti e s a n d p ro je ct s w ith in co m m u n it ie s a n d s c h o o ls b y 2 0 2 5 1 . P ro m o te t h e co n su m p ti o n o f lo ca lly p ro d u c e d fo o d s u n d e r th e H G S F P ro g ra m m e • D iv e rs ifi e d f o o d c o n s u m p tio n w ill im p ro ve t h e n u tr iti o n a l o u tc o m e s o f th e H G S F P • D e m a n d f o r lo c a lly p ro d u c e d f o o d s w ill c re a te e m p lo y m e n t a n d i m p ro ve liv e lih o o d s a m o n g s m a ll sc a le p ro d u c e rs a n d a g ro -p ro c e s s o rs • R e lia n ce o n im p o rt e d a n d h ig h ly p ro ce ss e d c o m m e rc ia l f o o d ite m s • U n fa vo u ra b le p ro cu re m e n t re g u la ti o n s • N u m b e r o f sc h o o ls im p le m e n tin g H G S F P ro g ra m • Q u a n tit y o f lo ca lly p ro d u ce d f o o d s p u rc h a se d b y sc h o o ls • V a lu e o f fo o d s p u rc h a se d lo ca lly b y sc h o o ls • C o m p le tio n r a te o f le a rn e rs • P a ss r a te • S ch o o l d ro p -o u t ra te • Im p ro ve t h e n u tr iti o n s ta tu s o f sc h o o l g o in g ch ild re n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t. • P a rt n e rs 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 2 . D e v e lo p a n u tr it io n se n si tiv e s ch o o l h e a lth c o o rd in a to r tr a in in g p a ck a g e • E ve ry s ch o o l h a s a h e a lt h c o o rd in a to r • L a ck o f re so u rc e s to c a p a ci ta te t h e s ch o o l h e a lth c o o rd in a to r • N u m b e r o f G u id e lin e s d e ve lo p e d • N u m b e r o f sc h o o l h e a lth co o rd in a to rs tr a in e d • Im p ro ve t h e n u tr iti o n s ta tu s o f sc h o o l g o in g ch ild re n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lt h • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 73 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l fo r th e N e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . A d vo ca te f o r fu n ct io n a l, su st a in a b le a n d re lia b le w a te r so u rc e s f o r th e H G S F P • R e so u rc e s a re a va ila b le • S o m e s ch o o ls m a y b e in a re a s u n su ita b le f o r e s ta b lis h in g w a te r so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f sc h o o ls w ith fu n ct io n a l a n d re lia b le w a te r so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f sc h o o ls im p le m e n tin g te ch n o -s a vv y w a te r so u rc e s (p ro m o tin g w a te r h a rv e st in g te ch n o lo g ie s, d ri p ir ri g a tio n e tc ) • D a ta b a se o f sc h o o ls w ith o u t re lia b le f u n ct io n a l w a te r so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f sc h o o ls w ith n e w w a te r so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f n o n - fu n ct io n a l w a te r so u rc e s re h a b ili ta te d • W a te r is a n in te g ra l p a rt o f n u tr iti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • D D F • Z IN W A • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs • L o ca l a u th o ri ti e s 3 ,4 2 5 ,0 0 0 4 . E n su re a h o lis tic p ro te c tio n p a ck a g e fo r le a rn e rs w h ic h in cl u d e s c lo th in g , ta ke -h o m e f o o d p a c ks , n a tio n a l d o c u m e n ta ti o n a s w e ll a s s ta tio n e ry fo r O V C . • A va ila b ili ty o f fu n d s • G o ve rn m e n t u n a b le t o f u n d a co m p re h e n si ve p a ck a g e • P e rc e n ta g e o f O V C w h o r e ce iv e h o lis tic p ro te ct io n p a ck a g e • P ie ce m e a l a ss is ta n ce m a y b e in e ff e ct iv e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca ti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H o m e A ff a ir s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lt h 5 9 0 ,0 0 0 5 . S ca lin g u p s e rv ic e s a n d i n te g ra tio n o f g e n d e r- b a s e d vi o le n c e s e rv ic e s in th e c o n te xt o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n . • G o ve rn m e n t & p a rt n e rs p ro te c t, su p p o rt a n d r e s to re h u m a n r ig h ts . • L a ck o f b e h a vi o u r ch a n g e f ro m co m m u n iti e s • N u m b e r o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n a ct iv iti e s m a in st re a m in g G e n d e r- B a se d V io le n ce • In cr e a se d in ci d e n ce o f G B V in c o m m u n it ie s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H o m e A ff a ir s • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T o ta l B u d g e t 5 1 ,3 5 8 ,0 0 0 T a b le 4 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r S o c ia l P ro te c ti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 7. KEY RESULT AREA 3: SOCIAL PROTECTION 74 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 8.1 Rationale Food safety, quality regulation and standards are essential for a functional food control system supported by a good legislative and policy framework, robust human resource requirements and adequate financial support. These have a key role in food and nutrition security by ensuring that all Zimbabweans have access to food that is safe, is of the right quality, adequacy, acceptability and diversity as well as of high export quality. The institutional framework of the Food Control Services (FCS) of Zimbabwe includes multiple players while the food legislation does not clearly define mandates along the food continuum. Effective collaboration is needed to ensure that the food supply chain is effectively covered, and public health protected. The Competent Authorities (CAs) regulating the FCS are the Ministries responsible for Health and Child Care, Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, Local Government Public Works and National Housing, Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development. Efforts have been made to create formal collaboration mechanisms, and technical or functional liaisons to easily carry out the provisions of national food safety laws and this has seen the harmonisation of existing legislation. The Public Health Act Chapter 15:17 was reviewed in 2018 including several other regulations, development of the draft National Food Safety Strategy as well as several standard operations procedure documents (SOPs) on sampling and testing for the different ministries regulating the FCS. Developed SOPs include those developed by the Government Analyst for purposes of accreditation. These were Elemental determination in various foods, Nitrate determination in drinking water, E-coli determination in milk and Aflatoxin determination in cereals. The National Food Safety Strategy provides for formation of a Food Control Authority as well as benchmarking national food regulations on international CODEX Food Standards. Enforcement of the International Code of Marketing Breast Milk substitutes has been continuous despite the challenges in the sector. Combined capacity building programmes have also been done on food safety targeting practitioners from the key food safety regulatory authorities which saw more than 200 practitioners being trained in food risk-based inspections. Capacity assessment and training were done to various stakeholders in the food value chain on the food safety aspects. The capacity included implementation of the standardised method of safety risk assessment in food processes - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) – by the private actors. In addition, in order to improve the testing component ,the National Food Control Laboratory (Government Analyst Laboratory) was partially accredited to ISO 17025 standard. The MFNSS will ensure strengthened coordination and collaboration in resource mobilisation, enforcement of food safety regulations and standards, and monitoring of compliance of actors along the food value chain. It will strengthen these for both domestic and imported food. The MFNSS will help promote investments in food safety and quality testing equipment as well as capacitation of the food testing laboratories. It further advocates for investment to capacitate the enforcement of all the regulatory and statutory requirements by enforcement agencies (Food Inspectors and Port Health Officers) and educate the public to drive demand for safe and quality food. CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 75 8.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, Stakeholders and Implementers The goals, key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators for tracking performance, justification for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies and achieve the stated results under the KRA of Food Safety, Quality and Standards are summarised in Table 5. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 76 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 1 : P ro d u ct io n , p ro ce ss in g a n d d is tr ib u tio n o f sa fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d a cr o s s th e cr o p a n d liv e st o ck v a lu e ch a in in Z im b a b w e b y 2 0 2 5 . 1 . E st a b lis h a n d re vi e w f o o d sa fe ty , q u a lit y re g u la tio n s a n d st a n d a rd s fo r in d iv id u a l c ro p s a n d li ve st o ck p ro d u ct s a n d e n su re co o rd in a tio n a m o n g k e y co m p e te n t a u th o ri tie s a lo n g t h e v a lu e ch a in • C o o rd in a ti o n a n d w ill in g n e ss a m o n g r e le va n t st a ke h o ld e rs • R e si st a n ce t o t h e a d o p tio n o f re g u la tio n s a n d st a n d a rd s • H ig h c o s t o f co m p lia n ce • N u m b e r o f F o o d S a fe ty a n d Q u a lit y re g u la tio n s a n d st a n d a rd s d e ve lo p e d o r a m e n d e d . • S ta n d a rd C e rt ifi ca tio n • S u p p lie r re co rd s • E n su re s a fe a n d g o o d q u a lit y cr o p s a n d li ve st o ck p ro d u ct s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t F u n d (D D F ) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lf a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • N a tio n a l B io te ch n o lo g y A u th o ri ty ( N B A ) • P ri va te S e ct o r • U n ite d N a tio n s (U N ) A g e n ci e s • N o n -G o ve rn m e n ta l O rg a n is a tio n s (N G O s) 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . S e n si tis e , m a n d a to ri ly im p le m e n t a n d ce rt ify v a lu e ch a in ( V C ) st a k e h o ld e rs t o th e lo ca l G o o d A g ri cu lt u ra l P ra ct ic e s( G A P ) • E n a b lin g p o lic ie s to m a n d a te lo ca l G A P im p le m e n ta tio n • L a c k o f re so u rc e s / h u m a n p e rs o n n e l t o im p le m e n t lo ca l G A P • L a c k o f e n a b lin g p o lic ie s • L a c k o f e n fo rc e m e n t • P o lic y e x e c u to r la c ks e m p o w e rm e n t • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs im p le m e n tin g G A P , C O D E X C o d e s o f P ra ct ic e , C O D E X G u id e lin e s • N u m b e r o f p e rm it is su e t e st s co n d u ct e d • E n su ri n g s a fe fo o d p ro d u ct io n a n d a vo id in g p o st h a rv e st lo ss e g d u e t o A fla to xi n co n ta m in a tio n . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • N a tio n a l B io te ch n o lo g y A u th o ri ty ( N B A ) 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 . S e n si tis e a n d p ro m o te m a n d a to ry im p le m e n ta tio n o f b a si c F o o d S a fe ty p ri n ci p le s b y a ll in d u st ry p la ye rs e .g ., S M E s, V e n d o rs a n d la rg e co m p a n ie s • E n a b lin g p o lic ie s to m a n d a te f o o d sa fe ty p ri n ci p le s im p le m e n ta tio n b y th e s m a ll m e d iu m e n te rp ri se s (S M E s ), V e n d o rs a n d la rg e c o m p a n ie s • L a c k o f re so u rc e s to im p le m e n t • L a c k o f e n a b lin g p o lic ie s • L a c k o f e n fo rc e m e n t • P o ro u s b o rd e rs • P ro p o rt io n o f F o o d In d u st ry p la ye rs in sp e ct e d a n d lic e n se d a n n u a lly • P ro p o rt io n o f F o o d B u si n e ss e s im p le m e n tin g F o o d S a fe ty p ri n ci p le s (G o o d H yg ie n ic P ra ct ic e s, G o o d M a n u fa ct u ri n g P ra ct ic e s, H A C C P ) • T o e n su re im p le m e n ta tio n o f b a s ic f o o d sa fe ty p ri n ci p le s. • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S m a ll a n d M e d iu m E n te rp ri se s • N B A • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 77 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l • • ••• G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 4 . Te st a n d e n fo rc e co m p lia n ce t o s e t fo o d s a fe ty a n d q u a lit y re g u la tio n s a n d s ta n d a rd s. • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t to t e st a n d e n fo rc e co m p lia n ce • C e n tr a lis e d a n d lim ite d r e so u rc e s fo r te st in g a n d e n fo rc e m e n t • U n d e r ca p a ci ta te d a n d in a d e q u a te n u m b e rs o f p e rs o n n e l f o r te st in g a n d e n fo rc e m e n t. • N u m b e r o f fo o d sa m p le s co lle ct e d a n d a n a ly se d q u a rt e rl y a n d a n n u a lly . • P ro p o rt io n o f fo o d re ca lle d / co n d e m n e d . • P e n a lti e s ch a rg e d p e r q u a rt e r / ye a r • E n su re f o o d a va ila b le in su p e rm a rk e ts , ve g e ta b le m a rk e ts a n d sh o p s a re a lw a y s sa fe . • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • S ta n d a rd s A s s o c ia tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • L o c a l A u th o ri tie s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r In d u s tr y a n d C o m m e rc e 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 . A d vo ca te f o r th e a lig n m e n t a n d re vi e w o f M a xi m u m R e si d u e L im its ( M R L s) f o r in d iv id u a l c ro p s a n d li ve st o ck p ro d u ct s. · C o o rd in a tio n a n d w ill in g n e ss a m o n g r e le va n t st a ke h o ld e rs • L a ck o f a d vo ca cy fr o m t h e r e le va n t st a ke h o ld e rs • R e si st a n ce t o a d o p tio n o f re g u la tio n s a n d st a n d a rd s • H ig h c o st o f co m p lia n ce • N u m b e r o f ch e m ic a ls re g u la tio n s a n d st a n d a rd s fo r in d iv id u a l c ro p s a n d liv e st o ck p ro d u ct s. id e n tifi e d f o r a lig n m e n t w ith in te rn a tio n a l C O D E X M a xi m u m R e si d u e L e ve ls (M R L s) . • N u m b e r o f re g u la tio n s re vi e w e d • C o rr e ct ch e m ic a ls u sa g e a n d s a fe le ve ls o f M a xi m u m R e si d u e L im its (M R L s) in c ro p s a n d li ve st o ck p ro d u ct s • A vo id f re sh p ro d u ce r e je c tio n a ft e r e xp o rt t o In te rn a tio n a l M a rk e ts . • P ro te ct lo ca l co n su m e rs f ro m h a rm fu l l e ve ls o f a g ro ch e m ic a l re si d u e s. M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth L o c a l A u th o ri tie s M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H o m e A ff a ir s M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H ig h e r & T e rt ia ry E d u c a tio n 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 . C a p a ci ta te C A s w ith a d e q u a te tr a in in g , sa m p lin g te ch n iq u e s, m o n ito ri n g e q u ip m e n t (L a b o ra to ry & fi e ld te st ki ts ) a n d e n fo rc e m e n t o f p e rm itt e d ch e m ic a ls a n d m a xi m u m r e si d u e lim its ( M R L s) . • R e so u rc e a va ila b ili ty • A va ila b ili ty o f in sp e ct o rs t o b e tr a in e d . • A va ila b ili ty o f la b p e rs o n n e l t o b e tr a in e d a n d ca p a ci ta te d . • H ig h c o st o f te st k its • L a ck o f re so u rc e s to co n d u ct e ff e ct iv e m o n ito ri n g a n d e n fo rc e m e n t. • N u m b e r o f p e rs o n n e l tr a in e d . • N u m b e r o f sa m p lin g e q u ip m e n t p ro cu re d a n d d is tr ib u te d • N u m b e r o f la b o ra to ry te st a n d fi e ld t e st e q u ip m e n t p ro cu re d . • N u m b e r o f M R L s p ro se cu tio n s b y p ro vi n ce s • E n su re m o n ito ri n g a n d e n fo rc e m e n t o f co rr e ct a n d co n si st e n t u s e o f ch e m ic a ls • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re ( D R & S S ) • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • N a tio n a l B io te c h n o lo g y A u th o ri ty ( N B A ) • L o c a l A u th o ri tie s • Z im b a b w e R e p u b lic P o lic e 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 78 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 2 : In cr e a se co n su m e r le d d e m a n d f o r s a fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d b y 5 0 % b y e n d o f 2 0 2 5 1 . P u b lic is e q u a lit y a n d sa fe ty st a n d a rd s • In cr e a se d r e a ch a s a ll fo rm s o f co m m u n ic a tio n / m e d ia w ill b e u se d . • U n d e rs ta n d in g b y v a lu e c h a in p la ye rs t h a t th e se d o cu m e n ts a re fo r p u b lic a w a re n e ss . • C o n su m e rs h a ve in co m e t o p u rc h a se f o o d a n d w ill in g t o ch a n g e t h e ir fo o d p re fe re n ce s • R e so u rc e a v a ila b ili ty t o im p le m e n t • M e d ia a n d co n s u m e r a p a th y to f o o d s a fe ty • F o o d f ra u d a n d fo o d a d u lte ra tio n • P ro p o rt io n o f co n su m e rs d e m a n d in g s a fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d • P ro p o rt io n o f p e o p le r e a ch e d w ith in fo rm a tio n • R e co rd s o f p u b lis h e d m a te ri a l o n F o o d S ta n d a rd s • N u m b e r o f co n su m e r co m p la in ts re ce iv e d • S a tis fa ct io n in d e x • B ill b o a rd s o n F o o d sa fe ty • In cr e a se d a w a re n e ss o f sa fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ( A R D A S ) • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n , • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r C o m m u n ic a tio n a n d T e ch n o lo g y • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . In cr e a se a w a re n e ss o n fo o d s a fe ty a n d q u a lit y in cl u d in g p e rm itt e d ch e m ic a ls a n d ch e m ic a ls re si d u e li m its a m o n g co m m u n iti e s th ro u g h u se o f p a rt ic ip a to ry a p p ro a ch e s • D e ve lo p m e n t a n d d is tr ib u ti o n o f in fo rm a tio n , e d u ca tio n a n d co m m u n ic a ti o n (I E C ) m a te ri a l o n f o o d s a fe ty in cl u d in g p e rm itt e d ch e m ic a ls a n d ch e m ic a ls re si d u e li m its • M e d ia a n d co n s u m e r a p a th y to f o o d s a fe ty in cl u d in g p e rm itt e d ch e m ic a ls a n d ch e m ic a ls re si d u e li m its co n d u ct e d • re a tio n • N u m b e r o f tr a in in g w o rk sh o p s N u m b e r o f a w a re n e ss c ca m p a ig n s • In cr e a se d a w a re n e ss o n q u a lit y a n d fo o d s a fe ty in cl u d in g p e rm itt e d ch e m ic a ls a n d ch e m ic a ls re si d u e li m its a t co m m u n ity le ve l • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s • N G O s • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 . U n d e rt a ke a w a re n e ss cr e a tio n o n fo o d s a fe ty ta rg e tin g a ll st a ke h o ld e rs a n d c a sc a d e t o su b n a tio n a l le ve ls • Id e n tifi ca tio n o f ke y st a ke h o ld e rs to b e t ra in e d • R e so u rc e a v a ila b ili ty t o im p le m e n t tr a in in g • N u m b e r o f st a ke h o ld e rs tr a in e d • N u m b e r o f tr a in e r o f tr a in e rs w o rk sh o p s co n d u ct e d • F o o d S a fe ty T ra in in g g u id e lin e s d e ve lo p e d • P ro p o rt io n o f th e p o p u la tio n t ra in e d • Im p ro ve d d is se m in a tio n o f in fo rm a tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n , C o m m u n ic a tio n a n d T e ch n o lo g y • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 79 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 4 . P u b lic is e co n su m e r co m p la in ts a n d h a n d lin g p ro ce d u re s b y fo o d in d u st ry p la ye rs • C o o p e ra ti o n fr o m v a lu e c h a in p la ye rs t o a v a il th e s e a s m a n d a te d • U n w ill in g n e ss o f va lu e c h a in p la ye rs t o co o p e ra te • N u m b e r o f co n su m e r p ro d u ct co m p la in ts o n f o o d sa fe ty a n d st a n d a rd s re ce iv e d • In cr e a se in d u st ry p la ye rs ’ co m p lia n ce t o fo o d s a fe ty a n d s ta n d a rd s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lt h • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 . P u b lic is e t h e C o n su m e r P ro te ct io n A ct a n d c a p a ci ta te co n su m e rs o n th e ir r ig h ts • N o t a ll p e o p le a re a w a re o f th is re g u la tio n , its m a n d a te a n d t h e ri g h ts o f co n su m e rs • C o n su m e rs a re in fo rm e d a n d kn o w le d g e a b le o f th e ir r ig h ts • N o t e n o u g h a w a re n e ss o f th is im p o rt a n t p ie ce o f le g is la tio n • L a ck o f R e so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f a w a re n e ss ca m p a ig n s o n t h e C o n su m e r P ro te ct io n A ct • In cr e a se co n su m e rs kn o w le d g e a n d d e m a n d f o r sa fe f o o d • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth a n d C h ild C a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) • Z R P 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 . R is k co m m u n ic a ti o n to c o m m u n it ie s o n p o st -h a rv e s t st o ra g e a n d h yg ie n ic f o o d h a n d lin g a n d p re p a ra tio n a t h o m e • In su rg e n c e o f p o st -h a rv e st m a n a g e m e n t is su e s a t h o u se h o ld & co m m u n ity le v e l e .g ., a fla to xi n & p e st ic id e re si d u e s • L a ck o f re so u rc e s to im p le m e n t • P a n d e m ic s e .g ., C O V ID -1 9 r e st ri ct in fo rm a tio n d is se m in a tio n d u e t o lo ck d o w n s • p o o r h a rv e st s • N u m b e r o f ri sk co m m u n ic a tio n se ss io n s co n d u ct e d • N u m b e r o f h o u se h o ld s o f p ra ct is in g s a fe p o st -h a rv e st st o ra g e • M iti g a te p o st - h a rv e st a n d st o ra g e lo s se s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • S M E s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o c a l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l 3 : S tr e n g th e n ca p a c ity a n d e n fo rc e m e n t o f n a tio n a l f o o d sa fe ty le g is la tio n th ro u g h o u t th e cr o p a n d liv e s to ck p ro d u ct s va lu e ch a in . 1 . C a p a ci ta te f o o d in sp e ct o rs w ith a d e q u a te tr a in in g , sa m p lin g te c h n iq u e s, tr a n sp o rt a n d e q u ip m e n t (fi e ld te s t ki ts ) • R e so u rc e a va ila b ili ty • C a p a ci ta te d fo o d in sp e c to rs to c o n d u ct t e st s • H ig h c o st o f te st ki ts • C o m p e tin g r o le s a n d re sp o n si b ili tie s o n t h e s a m e p e rs o n n e l p o o l C a p a b ili ty o f e n fo rc e m e n t p e rs o n n e l • N u m b e r o f fo o d in sp e ct o rs ca p a ci ta te d t h ro u g h tr a in in g , tr a n sp o rt a n d e q u ip m e n t • N u m b e r o f fie ld t e st ki ts p ro cu re d a n d d is tr ib u te d • T o e n a b le m o n ito ri n g a n d e n fo rc e m e n t o f th e q u a lit y st a n d a rd s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 80 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 2 . E n su re st re n g th e n in g o f e n fo rc e m e n t o f fo o d s a fe ty st a n d a rd s a n d le g is la tio n f o r b o th d o m e st ic a n d im p o rt e d f o o d • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t to st re n g th e n e n fo rc e m e n t o f fo o d s a fe ty st a n d a rd s a n d le g is la ti o n • E n a b lin g l e g is la tio n • A d e q u a te s u p p o rt re so u rc e s • F in a n c ia l r e so u rc e co n st ra in ts • C a p a b ili ty o f e n fo rc e m e n t p e rs o n n e l a n d in fr a st ru ct u re s (l a b o ra to ri e s) • P o ro u s b o rd e rs • C o rr u p tio n a t e n tr y p o in ts • N u m b e r o f e n fo rc e m e n t re p o rt s • N u m b e r o f n o tic e s se rv e d , a n d p ro se cu tio n s d o n e • E n su re p ro vi s io n o f sa fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • S ta n d a rd s A s s o c ia ti o n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • C o n su m e r C o u n c il o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 . E n su re m a n d a to ry fo rt ifi ca tio n o f fo o d (m a iz e m e a l, w h e a t flo u r, s u g a r, o il a n d s a lt) a n d st re n g th e n e n fo rc e m e n t o f th e f o rt ifi ca tio n le g is la tio n . • W ill in g n e ss o f p ri va te s e ct o r to in ve st in in d u st ri a l fo rt ifi ca tio n • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t fo r im p o rt a tio n o f fo rt ifi ca tio n e q u ip m e n t a n d fo rt ifi ca n ts • U n re lia b ili ty o f u til iti e s (w a te r a n d e le ct ri c ity s u p p ly t o in d u st ry ) • U n fa vo u ra b le m a cr o -e c o n o m ic p o lic ie s th a t a d ve rs e ly a ff e ct t h e m a n u fa c tu ri n g in d u st ry • R e lia n ce o n im p o rt s w h ic h d o n o t co n fo rm t o lo ca l re g u la tio n s • P ro p o rt io n o f in d u s tr ie s co m p ly in g to t h e f o rt ifi ca tio n o f b a si c co m m o d iti e s • To e n su re n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h • S A Z • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • L o ca l a u th o ri ti e s • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu ltu re 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 . C a p a ci ta te n a ti o n a l f o o d sa fe ty la b o ra to ri e s o n b o th c h e m ic a l a n d m ic ro b io lo g y te st in g o n f o o d a n d w a te r q u a lit y m o n ito ri n g • In ve st m e n t to e q u ip a n d a cc re d it fo o d la b o ra to ri e s • L a ck o f in ve st o rs t o th a t ca u se • H ig h c o s t o f e q u ip m e n t a n d ca p a ci ty b u ild in g o f p e rs o n n e l • L a ck o f a ft e r sa le s se rv ic e p ro vi d e rs f o r e q u ip m e n t e .g ., se rv ic in g , ca lib ra tio n a n d r e p a ir s & m a in te n a n ce • N u m b e r o f la b o ra to ri e s ca p a ci ta te d w ith ch e m ic a ls a n d m ic ro b io lo g y te st in g • N u m b e r o f m o d e rn te st in g e q u ip m e n t p u rc h a se d f o r th e la b o ra to ri e s. • N u m b e r o f la b o ra to ri e s a cc re d ite d a n d m a in ta in in g s ta tu s. • • E n su re p ro vi si o n o f sa fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r F in a n ce • S A Z • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu ltu re 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 . H a rm o n is e e ff o rt s a m o n g i n d u st ry p la ye rs in su p p o rt in g t h e S U N B u si n e ss N e tw o rk s tr a te g ic m a n d a te • R o lli n g o u t o f th e S U N B u si n e ss N e tw o rk s tr a te g y a n d g ro w th o f m e m b e rs h ip • L a ck o f b u y -i n o f th e S U N B u si n e ss N e tw o rk S tr a te g y a n d m e m b e rs h ip • N o n -v ib ra n t S U N B u si n e ss N e tw o rk • N u m b e r o f fo o d s a fe ty p la ye rs in t h e S U N B u si n e ss N e tw o rk • N u m b e r o f m u lti - se ct o ra l c o o rd in a tio n m e e tin g s co n d u ct e d • To im p ro ve co o rd in a tio n • F o o d a n d N u tr it io n C o u n c il M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h a n d C h ild C a re • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o ve rn m e n t 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 81 In d ic a to rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 6 . E n fo rc e c o m p lia n ce a n d c e rt ifi ca ti o n o f a ll lo ca lly p ro d u ce d a n d im p o rt e d fo o d s • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t a n d m e ch a n is m s to e n su re c o o rd in a te d e n fo rc e m e n t • L im ite d r e so u rc e s fo r ce rt ifi ca ti o n a n d te st in g • C a p a b ili ty o f e n fo rc e m e n t p e rs o n n e l a n d in fr a st ru ct u re L a ck o f co o p e ra ti o n f ro m b u si n e ss i n d u st ry • P o ro u s b o rd e rs • M o n th ly C o m p lia n ce R e p o rt s • R e p o rt s o f fo o d p ro d u ct s ce rt ifi e d q u a rt e rl y a n d a n n u a lly . • Q u a rt e rl y a n d y e a rl y p e rc e n ta g e co m p lia n ce f o r lo ca lly p ro d u ce d a n d im p o rt e d p ro d u ct s. • E n su re p ro vi si o n o f sa fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) • Z R P 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 . A d vo ca te f o r b ro a d e r fo o d le g is la tio n r e fo rm (r e st ri ct io n o f m a rk e tin g o f u n h e a lth y f o o d s to a ll ch ild re n in cl u d in g C o d e , c o n s u m e r fr ie n d ly fr o n t o f p a ck , la b e lli n g s ta n d a rd s e tc ) • A ll re ta il sh o p s a re a w a re a n d c o m p ly w ith t h e C o d e o f M a rk e tin g o f B re a st M ilk S u b st itu te s (B M S ) • P o lic e f o rc e is su p p o rt iv e o f E n vi ro n m e n ta l H e a lth D e p a rt m e n t (E H D ) p ra c tit io n e rs in e n fo rc e m e n t a n d a re c a p a ci ta te d • P ro fit p ri o ri ti se d a h e a d o f c o m p lia n c e • C o rr u p tio n h in d e rs e n fo rc e m e n t • N u m b e r o f re ta il sh o p s co m p ly in g t o t h e C o d e o f M a rk e ti n g o f B M S • S I 4 6 o f 1 9 9 8 o n B M S a m e n d e d • R e p o rt s o f vi o la ti o n s o n m a rk e ti n g o f B M S • L a b e lli n g s ta n d a rd s • In st ru m e n ts / le g is la ti o n re vi e w e d /d e ve lo p e d • N u m b e r o f in st it u ti o n s co m p ly in g w it h t h e co d e ( sh o p s , p h a rm a ci e s, h o sp it a ls , e tc ). • To p ro m o te a n d p ro te ct b re a st fe e d in g • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H o m e A ff a ir s • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 . D e v e lo p a n a tio n a l d a ta b a se fo r fo o d o p e ra to rs a n d fo o d h a n d le rs • P o lit ic a l w ill a n d re so u rc e a va ila b ili ty • L im ite d r e s o u rc e s to im p le m e n t • P o lit ic a l m o ve s b a rr in g im p le m e n ta ti o n a n d e n fo rc e m e n t • C o rr u p tio n • F a ilu re t o im p le m e n t a n d e n fo rc e • D a ta b a se o f fo o d o p e ra to rs a n d f o o d h a n d le rs d e ve lo p e d a n d a va ile d a t d is tr ic t a n d l o ca l a u th o ri ty le ve l. • N u m b e r o f fo o d o p e ra to rs a n d f o o d h a n d le rs r e g is te re d a va ila b le a t lo ca l a u th o ri ty l e ve l. • E n su re p ro vi si o n o f sa fe a n d q u a lit y fo o d • S A Z • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Ju st ic e , L e g a l a n d P a rl ia m e n ta ry A ff a ir s 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 . P u b lic is e q u a lit y a n d s a fe ty re g u la tio n s a n d s ta n d a rd s a n d e n fo rc e p e n a lti e s fo r n o n - c o m p lia n ce • A va ila b ili ty a n d w ill in g n e ss t o a d o p t g lo b a l b e st p ra ct is e • N o n -a d h e re n ce t o p u b lic is e d b e st p ra c tic e • F o o d s a fe ty re g u la ti o n s, l a w s a va ila b le o n t h e M in is tr y o f H e a lt h o r re la te d d e p a rt m e n ts W e b si te . • N u m b e r o f p u b lic is e d sa fe ty r e g u la ti o n s a n d st a n d a rd s • In cr e a se d kn o w le d g e a b o u t sa fe ty r e g u la tio n s a n d s ta n d a rd s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth a n d C h ild C a re . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 82 In d ic a to rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 4 : P ro m u lg a te co o rd in a te d , so u n d a n d re le va n t fo o d sa fe ty a n d q u a lit y st a n d a rd s, le g is la ti o n a n d p o lic ie s b y 2 0 2 5 1 . E st a b lis h a N a tio n a l F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a lit y a n d S ta n d a rd s C o n tr o l A u th o ri ty (N F S S C A ) • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t • C o m m itm e n t fr o m r e g u la to ry a g e n ci e s • R e co g n it io n o f n e e d f o r N F S S C A a n d e n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t • U n co o rd in a te d a n d f ra g m e n te d fo o d c o n tr o l fr a m e w o rk w ith si lo t e n d e n ci e s. • L a c k o f co m m it m e n t to ch a n g e a n d fie fd o m p ro te c tio n a m o n g fo o d s a fe ty a ct o rs • U n q u a lifi e d a n d u n d e se rv in g a p p o in tm e n ts o f th e m e m b e rs h ip • N a tio n a l F o o d S a fe ty a n d S ta n d a rd s C o n tr o l A u th o ri ty e st a b lis h e d • E n su re s a fe ty a n d q u a lit y • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth a n d C h ild C a re . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . S tr e n g th e n N a tio n a l C O D E X C o m m itt e e (N C C ) a n d a lig n / h a rm o n iz e n a ti o n a l le g is la tio n w ith n a ti o n a l n e e d s a n d in te rn a ti o n a l st a n d a rd s a n d fr a m e w o rk s re le v a n t to f o o d sa fe ty . • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t to a lig n a n d h a rm o n is e t h e le g is la ti o n • L a c k o f p ro p e r co o rd in a tio n o f re le v a n t p la ye rs • L a c k o f p o lit ic a l co m m it m e n t • L a c k o f b u d g e t fo r N C C . • D e ve lo p e d N a tio n a l F o o d S a fe ty P o lic y a n d F o o d S a fe ty A ct . • P re se n ce o f fu n ct io n a l N C C • N u m b e r o f fo o d re g u la tio n s re vi e w e d a lig n e d w ith I n te rn a tio n a l C O D E X f o o d st a n d a rd s • Z im b a b w e a n fo o d s a fe ty la w s co m p lia n t w ith in te rn a tio n a l st a n d a rd s a n d re sp o n d in g t o n a tio n a l in te re st s a n d n e e d s. • F a ci lit a te f o o d e xp o rt s/ im p o rt s • P ro te ct co n su m e r h e a lth a n d m in im is e f o o d fr a u d . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Ju st ic e , L e g a l a n d P a rl ia m e n ta ry A ff a ir s 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 . D e ve lo p a n d su p p o rt a d h e re n c e t o N a tio n a l F o o d S a fe ty a n d Q u a lit y P o lic ie s • S ta ke h o ld e r e n g a g e m e n t a n d a c tiv e p a rt ic ip a ti o n • In a d e q u a te b u y in f ro m r e le va n t m in is tr ie s • L a c k o f h a rm o n is a tio n o f re le v a n t m in is tr y e ff o rt s • A b s e n c e o f a ll re le v a n t st a k e h o ld e rs • N u m b e r o f N a tio n a l F o o d S a fe ty a n d Q u a lit y P o lic ie s d e ve lo p e d a n d d is tr ib u te d • E n su re f o o d sa fe ty a n d q u a lit y • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth a n d C h ild C a re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 83 In d ic a to rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 4 . D e v e lo p n e w a n d r e vi e w o u td a te d f o o d sa fe ty a n d q u a lit y le g is la tio n • A d e q u a te re s o u rc e s a re m o b ili z e d t o fa ci lit a te t h e re v ie w W ill in g n e ss t o re v ie w a n d a lig n le g is la tio n a n d st a n d a rd s to cu rr e n t b e s t p ra ct ic e • C o m p e tin g p ri o ri tie s o n te c h n ic a l a n d s u b je ct m a tt e r e xp e rt s a s p a rt o f th e r e le va n t s ta k e h o ld e rs . • F o o d S ta n d a rd s A ct a m e n d e d • N u m b e r o f le g is la tio n s re vi e w e d • E n su re f o o d sa fe ty a n d q u a lit y • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth a n d C h ild C a re . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Ju st ic e , L e g a l a n d P a rl ia m e n ta ry A ff a ir s • S ta n d a rd s A ss o ci a tio n o f Z im b a b w e ( S A Z ) • C o n su m e r C o u n ci l o f Z im b a b w e ( C C Z ) • P a rl ia m e n t 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l 5 : M a in s tr e a m in g h o u se h o ld h yg ie n e , sa n it a tio n a n d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t in a ll fo o d a n d n u tr it io n p ro g ra m m e s in th e c o u n tr y b y 2 0 2 5 1 . D e ve lo p a n d su p p o rt a d h e re n ce t o N a tio n a l W A S H st a n d a rd s a n d p o lic ie s . • S ta k e h o ld e r e n g a g e m e n t a n d a c tiv e p a rt ic ip a ti o n • In a d e q u a te b u y in f ro m r e le va n t m in is tr ie s • L a ck o f h a rm o n is a tio n o f re le va n t m in is tr y e ff o rt s • A b se n c e o f a ll re le va n t s ta k e h o ld e rs • N u m b e r o f N a tio n a l W A S H s ta n d a rd s a n d P o lic ie s d e ve lo p e d a n d d is se m in a te d • E n su re h o u se h o ld h yg ie n e , sa n ita tio n a n d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t P u b lic W o rk s a n d N a tio n a l H o u si n g • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H ig h e r a n d T e rt ia ry E d u ca tio n , S ci e n ce a n d Te ch n o lo g y D e ve lo p m e n t. • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • P a rl ia m e n t 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . S tr e n g th e n co m m u n ity - b a se d m a n a g e m e n t to e n su re a va ila b ili ty a n d a cc e ss ib ili ty o f sa fe d ri n ki n g w a te r a n d a p p ro ve d sa n ita tio n • E n a b lin g p o lic ie s in p ro m o tio n o f W A S H a ct iv iti e s • C o m b in e d re so u rc e m o b ili sa tio n b y G o ve rn m e n t a n d d e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • W ill in g n e ss b y co m m u n ity m e m b e rs t o a d h e re t o W A S H re q u ir e m e n ts • L im ite d r e so u rc e s • P o o r co m m u n ity b u y- in o f th e W A S H re q u ir e m e n ts • H ig h c o m m u n ity d o n o r sy n d ro m e a tt itu d e • V a n d a lis m a n d t h e ft • P ro p o rt io n o f p e o p le w ith a cc e ss t o s a fe d ri n ki n g w a te r a n d sa n ita tio n • W a te r a n d S a n ita tio n C o m m itt e e s re vi ve d a t a ll le ve ls • In cr e a se d a cc e ss to s a fe d ri n ki n g w a te r a n d a p p ro ve d sa n ita tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n s ib le f o r L o c a l G o ve rn m e n t • D D F • L o ca l A u th o ri ti e s • Z IN W A • N G O s 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 84 In d ic a to rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . E n su re t h a t h o u se h o ld h yg ie n e , s a fe sa n ita tio n a n d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t a re p ri o ri ty co m p o n e n ts in a d d re ss in g f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s h a ve r e so u rc e s to p ri o ri tis e s a fe w a te r p ro vi si o n a n d s o u n d w a s te m a n a g e m e n t sy st e m s • A va ila b ili ty o f a d va n ce d p o rt a b le , sa fe & a ff o rd a b le W A S H in fr a st ru c tu re e .g . so la r p o w e re d b o re h o le a n d p ip e d w a te r sc h e m e s • N o r in g f e n ci n g b y lo c a l a u th o ri tie s • N o n a va ila b ili ty o f fu n d s • P o lit ic a l d e s p o n d e n cy b y co m m u n ity le a d e rs h ip • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith a cc e ss t o s a fe d o m e st ic w a te r su p p lie s • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith a cc e ss t o a p p ro ve d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t sy st e m s • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith b a si c sa n ita tio n a n d h yg ie n e e n a b lin g f a ci lit ie s • N u m b e r o f b o re h o le s a n d d a m s co n st ru ct e d • N u m b e r o f d e e p a n d s h a llo w w a te r w e lls p ro te ct e d • N u m b e r o f re h a b ili ta te d w a te r re tic u la tio n sy st e m s • In cr e a se d a cc e ss t o s a fe d ri n ki n g w a te r, a p p ro ve d sa n ita tio n fa ci lit ie s a n d p ro p e r w a s te m a n a g e m e n t sy st e m s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • R u ra l a n d U rb a n lo ca l a u th o ri tie s • D is tr ic t D e ve lo p m e n t F u n d • Z IN W A • N o n -G o ve rn m e n ta l O rg a n is a tio n s • E n vi ro n m e n ta l M a n a g e m e n t A g e n cy 1 , 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 . In cr e a se a w a re n e ss o n h o u se h o ld h yg ie n e , sa n ita tio n a n d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t a m o n g co m m u n it ie s th ro u g h u se o f p a rt ic ip a to ry a p p ro a ch e s • W ill in g n e ss t o a d o p t g o o d p ra ct ic e s o n h y g ie n e , sa n ita tio n a n d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t. • M e d ia a n d co n su m e r a p a th y to h yg ie n e , sa n ita tio n a n d w a s te m a n a g e m e n t is su e s . • N u m b e r o f tr a in in g w o rk sh o p s co n d u ct e d • N u m b e r o f a w a re n e ss c re a tio n ca m p a ig n s • P ro p o rt io n o f sc h o o ls w ith g e n d e r se n si tiv e W A S H f a ci lit ie s • In cr e a se d a w a re n e ss o n h yg ie n e , sa n ita tio n a n d w a st e m a n a g e m e n t a t co m m u n ity le ve l • In cr e a se d g e n d e r se n si tiv e W A S H fa ci lit ie s in sc h o o ls • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • D D F • R D C s • N G O s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T o ta l B u d g e t 8 2 ,5 0 1 ,0 0 0 T a b le 5 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d S a fe ty , Q u a li ty a n d S ta n d a rd s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 8. KEY RESULT AREA 4: FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND STANDARDS 85 In d ic a to rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r 9.1 Rationale Nutrition security is multi-dimensional and integral to the achievement of the NDS1's vision “Towards a Prosperous & Empowered Upper Middle-Income Society by 2030” due to its key role in effecting national economic development. Nutrition security can be defined as adequate nutritional status in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients. It is determined by access to adequate food, care and feeding practices, WASH services and adequate health care services. Long-term nutrition security will be achieved when the structural drivers of poor nutrition and health, such as poverty and inequitable distribution of resources are addressed and when nutrition and health are mainstreamed in all Government policies across sectors. Implementation of proven nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions that address the immediate and underlying causes of malnutrition will achieve short to medium term nutrition security. This strategy will focus on interventions to improve nutrition security in both the short term and long term. As of June 2022, 99% of primary health care centres are assessing and managing children with severe acute malnutrition as per the global standard while 85% provide IYCF services. Interventions that create an enabling environment for nutrition security through addressing the basic causes of malnutrition will also be implemented and these include review and updating of current legislation such as infant nutrition regulations which are expected to be gazetted by December 2022. Interventions are drawn from the 2021 Lancet review of effective interventions to address maternal and child nutrition, which are aligned to the NDS1 nutrition security programmes. The strategies are based on the life cycle approach which covers, maternal, infant, young child, adolescent and adult (including the elderly) health and nutrition. In addition, Care Groups have been adopted as community-based strategies for improving nutrition, maternal, neonatal, and child health of which 11405 are functional as of June 2022. These strategies have contributed to an improvement of nutrition behaviours such as consumption patterns of iron rich foods among women of child-bearing age increasing from 55% in 2021 to 59% in 2022. Households consuming protein rich foods daily have also increased from 70% (2021) to 79% (2022). Likewise, during the same period the daily consumption of Vitamin A rich foods increased from 58% to 69% and the proportion of households consuming poor diets dropped from 43% in 2021 to 36% in 2022. The proportion of women of childbearing age consuming at least 5 food groups from 10 has increased from 33% in 2021 to 37% in 2022. In general, nutrition welfare of women has improved with year-on-year increase in the proportion of women consuming iron rich, protein rich and vitamin A rich foods from 2020 to 2022. The nutrition sector in collaboration with its multisectoral partners will continue to improve on the successes achieved whilst addressing challenges which contribute to poor service delivery such as limited capacity of cadres on nutrition Behaviour Change Communication. These strategies will address prevention, management, and treatment of malnutrition in all its forms (micronutrient deficiencies, under and over-nutrition) with a deliberate focus on stunting reduction, utilising available and subsequent evidence. 86 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 9.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, Stakeholders and Implementers The goals, key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators for tracking performance, justification for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies and achieve the stated results under the KRA of Nutrition Security are summarised in Table 6. 87 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l 1 : In cr e a se d p ro p o rt io n o f in fa n ts a n d y o u n g ch ild re n r e ce iv in g a m in im u m a cc e p ta b le d ie t fr o m 1 0 .7 % t o 2 5 % b y 2 0 2 5 1 . P ro m o te n u tr iti o n se n si tiv e p ro d u ct io n a n d c o n su m p tio n o f sa fe , d iv e rs e n u tr ie n t d e n se d ie ts (i n cl u d in g in d ig e n o u s fo o d ) ta rg e tin g a ll p o p u la tio n g ro u p s (n o t le a vi n g o u t th o se w ith c h ro n ic co n d iti o n s) • P o p u la tio n w ill in g a n d a b le to d iv e rs ify d ie t • P o p u la tio n w ill in g t o a d o p t b e st p ra ct ic e s (c ro p a n d s m a ll liv e st o ck p ro d u ct io n / d ie ta ry p ra ct ic e s) a n d in cr e a se co n su m p tio n o f lo ca lly a va ila b le fo o d s • R e so u rc e c o n st ra in e d p o p u la tio n • C o m p e tin g n a tio n a l p ri o ri tie s e .g ., C O V ID - 1 9 • L im ite d p o lit ic a l w ill • U n w ill in g n e ss t o d iv e rs ify c ro p p ro d u ct io n • N a tio n a l d is a st e rs t h a t a ff e ct f o o d p ro d u ct io n e .g ., d ro u g h t • U n d e rm in in g o f n u tr iti o u s in d ig e n o u s a n d lo ca lly a va ila b le fo o d s • R e lig io n , m yt h s a n d b a rr ie rs • P ro p o rt io n o f th e p o p u la tio n co n su m in g d iv e rs ifi e d d ie ts • N u m b e r o f fo o d - b a se d d ie ta ry g u id e lin e s re vi se d • Im p ro ve d n u tr iti o n a n d h e a lth s ta tu s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • F o o d in d u st ry • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 7 8 0 0 0 0 2 .P ro m o te o p tim u m in st itu tio n a l a n d co m m u n ity I Y C F p ra ct ic e s in t h e fi rs t 1 0 0 0 d a ys • O p e ra tio n a liz a tio n o f C o m m u n ity H e a lth S tr a te g y N u m b e r o f re co m m e n d e d n u tr iti o n b e h a vi o u rs p ri o ri tis e d a n d p ro m o te d · P ro p o rt io n o f ch ild re n 6 -2 3 m o n th s co n su m in g m in im u m a cc e p ta b le d ie t, m in im u m m e a l fr e q u e n cy , a n d m in im u m d ie ta ry d iv e rs ity · E a rl y in iti a tio n o f b re a st fe e d in g · N u m b e r o f fu n ct io n a l c a re g ro u p s · N u m b e r o f h e a lth in st itu tio n s ce rt ifi e d b a b y fr ie n d ly • Im p ro ve d n u tr iti o n a n d h e a lth s ta tu s fo r ch ild re n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • F o o d in d u st ry • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 88 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs 3 . P ro m o te , d e ve lo p , a n d im p le m e n t n u tr it io n re la te d s o ci a l b e h a vi o u r ch a n g e a n d co m m u n ic a ti o n st ra te g ie s th ro u g h b o th th e p u b lic a n d p ri va te se ct o rs t a rg e tin g e ve ry o n e a n d n o t le a v in g o u t th e vu ln e ra b le g ro u p s • E n a b lin g e n vi ro n m e n t a n d te ch n ic a l c o m p e te n ce t o d e ve lo p c o m m u n ic a ti o n s tr a te g ie s • T h e v u ln e ra b le g ro u p s a re l ite ra te e n o u g h t o u n d e rs ta n d t h e m e ss a g e s g iv e n • P a ck a g in g o f m e ss a g e s t o in cl u d e v is u a l a n d a u d io m e s sa g e s in a ll 1 6 o ffi ci a l la n g u a g e s • L im it e d c o m p e te n ci e s a n d re st ri ct iv e e n vi ro n m e n t • L im it e d r e so u rc e s fo r im p le m e n ta ti o n • R e si st a n ce t o c h a n g e • V u ln e ra b le g ro u p s h a ve lim it e d l it e ra cy • A d o p ti o n o f n e w b e h a vi o u rs ta ke s ti m e • N u m b e r o f so ci a l b e h a vi o u r ch a n g e a n d c o m m u n ic a ti o n (S B C C ) st ra te g ie s d e ve lo p e d a n d im p le m e n te d • N u m b e r o f re co m m e n d e d n u tr it io n b e h a vi o u rs p ri o ri ti se d a n d p ro m o te d • N u m b e r o f re co m m e n d e d h e a lt h b e h a vi o u rs p ri o ri ti se d a n d p ro m o te d • P ro p o rt io n o f th e ta rg e t p o p u la ti o n p ra ct is in g e a ch o f th e re co m m e n d e d n u tr it io n b e h a vi o u rs (e .g ., c o n su m p ti o n o f 4 f o o d g ro u p s; co n su m p ti o n o f fo o d s ri ch in V it a m in A , ir o n ; fo o d p re p a ra ti o n i n a w a y th a t p re se rv e s n u tr ie n t va lu e o f th e fo o d s; p la n ti n g b io - fo rt ifi e d c ro p va ri e ti e s) • P ro p o rt io n o f th e ta rg e t p o p u la ti o n p ra ct is in g e a ch o f th e re co m m e n d e d h e a lt h b e h a vi o u rs ( e .g ., w e lln e ss ; re d u ci n g sa lt i n ta ke ; tr e a tm e n t o f d ia rr h o e a ; u se o f A n te N a ta l C a re se rv ic e s; u se o f P o st N a ta l C a re , W A S H b e h a vi o u rs ) • Im p ro ve d b e h a vi o u r ch a n g e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r In fo rm a tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r C o m m u n ic a tio n a n d T e ch n o lo g y • N a tio n a l A ID S C o u n ci l ( N A C ) • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • P ri va te s e ct o r • M e d ia h o u se s 5 2 5 0 0 0 T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 89 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 4 . E n su re t h a t a ll m a ln o u ri sh e d p e o p le h a ve a cc e ss t o n u tr iti o n st a tu s sc re e n in g a n d tr e a tm e n t th a t m e e t u n iv e rs a lly a cc e p te d m in im u m s ta n d a rd s a n d a re h a rm o n is e d w ith o th e r ro u tin e h e a lth se rv ic e s C a p a c ity a n d co m m itm e n t fo r n a tio n a l r e s p o n se e xi st s • S tr o n g li n ka g e s b e tw e e n r e fe rr a l st ru ct u re s L a ck o f g ro w th m o n ito ri n g e q u ip m e n t • S h o rt a g e o f h e a lth W o rk e rs (H W s ) a n d C o m m u n ity H e a lth v o lu n te e rs . • L a c k o f in ce n tiv e s fo r co m m u n ity h e a lth w o rk e rs (C H W s ) • O ld a g e v s sk ill s re q u ir e d o f C H W s • F a ilu re t o k e e p u p w ith te ch n o lo g y ch a n g e i. e ., h e a lth d e m a n d s • P a n d e m ic s a n d n a tu ra l d is a st e rs th a t a ff e ct s e rv ic e d e liv e ry • R e lig io u s b a rr ie rs • C h ro n ic c o n d iti o n s su ch a s d ia b e te s a n d h yp e rt e n si o n a re u n d e r re p o rt e d in co m m u n iti e s to e n a b le id e n tifi ca tio n a n d t a rg e tin g o f b e n e fic ia ri e s. P ro p o rt io n o f p o p u la tio n s cr e e n e d fo r m a ln u tr iti o n d is a g g re g a te d b y ty p e a n d a g e g ro u p • P ro p o rt io n o f p o p u la tio n w ith m a ln u tr iti o n t h a t is p ro p e rl y m a n a g e d d is a g g re g a te d b y ty p e a g e g ro u p • P ro p o rt io n o f p o p u la tio n w ith In te g ra te d m a n a g e m e n t o f m a ln u tr iti o n g u id e lin e s re vi se d R e d u ce t h e b u rd e n o f m a ln u tr iti o n M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r P ri m a ry a n d S e co n d a ry E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re • U N A g e n ci e s • N G O s 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs • • • • • 5 . S tr e n g th e n a n d p ro m o te o p tim a l M a te rn a l, In fa n t a n d Y o u n g C h ild N u tr iti o n ( M IY C N ) p ra c tic e s th ro u g h st a n d a rd is e d g u id e lin e s. • C o m m u n iti e s a ct iv e ly t a k e -u p re co m m e n d e d M IY C N p ra ct ic e s • L a ck o f kn o w le d g e a n d fo o d in se cu ri ty li m it u se o f n u tr ie n t d e n se f o o d s in M IY C N • R e si st a n ce t o u se o f lo ca l fo o d s • U n w ill in g n e ss o f ca re g iv e rs to a d o p t re co m m e n d e d IY C F p ra ct ic e s • P ro p o rt io n o f ch ild re n 0 -6 m o n th s w h o w e re e xc lu si ve ly b re a st fe d • P ro p o rt io n o f ch ild re n 6 -5 9 m o n th s w h o a te a M in im u m A cc e p ta b le D ie t • P re va le n ce o f lo w b ir th w e ig h t (c h ild re n b o rn w e ig h in g l e ss th a n 2 5 0 0 g ) • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n o f ch ild b e a ri n g a g e (W C B A ) w ith a t le a st th e m in im u m d ie ta ry d iv e rs ity ( M D D ) • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n o f ch ild b e a ri n g a g e w h o a re a ) u n d e rw e ig h t (B M I < 1 8 .5 ); b ) o ve rw e ig h t (B M I 2 5 -2 9 .9 ); a n d c ) o b e se ( B M I 3 0 + ) • P re va le n ce o f te e n a g e p re g n a n ci e s • P ro m o te I Y C F p ra ct ic e s fo r im p ro ve d h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • U N A g e n ci e s • N G O s 7 5 0 0 0 0 T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 90 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs • • • • • 6 . A d vo ca cy f o r in cr e a se d G o ve rn m e n t fu n d in g fr o m t h e fi sc u s . • P o lit ic a l w ill • C o n d u ci ve e co n o m ic e n vi ro n m e n t • C o m p e tin g n a tio n a l p ri o ri tie s s • S u b v o te 3 r e vi ve d • S tr e n g th e n G o v e rn m e n t re s p o n s e a n d fu n d in g f o r n u tr it io n O ffi c e o f P re s id e n t a n d C a b in e t • F N C • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r F in a n c e • R B Z • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r A g ri c u lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r H e a lt h • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 2 1 0 0 0 0 7 . E n su re t h a t n u tr iti o n in te rv e n tio n s (s p e ci fic a n d s e n si tiv e ) a re in p la ce t o p re ve n t n u tr iti o n p ro b le m s o f p u b lic h e a lth co n ce rn • A d e q u a te fi n a n ci a l re so u rc e s • A d e q u a te e q u ip m e n t • U n fa vo u ra b le m a cr o - e c o n o m ic p o lic ie s th a t a d ve rs e ly a ff e ct t h e m a n u fa ct u ri n g in d u st ry • N u tr iti o n in e m e rg e n cy p la n /g u id e lin e s d e ve lo p e d fo o d s • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s co n su m in g f o rt ifi e d fo o d s b y ty p e • N u m b e r o f in d u st ri e s p ro d u ci n g f o rt ifi e d fo o d s • N u m b e r o f co n su m e r a w a re n e ss ca m p a ig n s (e .g ., co o ki n g d e m o n st ra tio n s, n u tr iti o n w e e k, e tc ) p ro m o te d p e r ye a r • N u m b e r o f ch ild re n fe d u n d e r su p p le m e n ta ry fe e d in g p ro g ra m m e s • N u m b e r o f fo o d in se cu re w a rd s im p le m e n tin g su p p le m e n ta ry fe e d in g • N u m b e r o f sc h o o ls in fo o d in se cu re d is tr ic ts th a t a re im p le m e n tin g su p p le m e n ta ry fe e d in g p ro g ra m m e s • P ro p o rt io n o f vu ln e ra b le h o u se h o ld s ta rg e te d fo r su p p le m e n ta ry fe e d in g • V ita m in A S u p p le m e n ta tio n co ve ra g e • To r e d u c e m ic ro n u tr ie n t m a ln u tr it io n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r In d u s tr y a n d C o m m e rc e • L o c a l in d u s tr ie s • L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r H e a lt h • M in is tr y R e s p o n s ib le fo r A g ri c u lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r P ri m a ry a n d S e c o n d a ry E d u c a ti o n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r S o c ia l W e lf a re • L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • U N A g e n c ie s • N G O s • S A Z 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 91 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) • F N C G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs • • • • • 8 . S tr e n g th e n h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n p ro g ra m m e s in in st itu tio n s o f ca re (s ch o o ls , p ri so n s, h o sp ita ls , ch ild re n ’s h o m e s, w a iti n g m o th e rs ’ sh e lte rs , h o m e s o f th e e ld e rl y, r e h a b ili ta tio n ce n tr e s) . • H e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n p ro g ra m r o lle d o u t in in st itu tio n s o f ca re • L im ite d a n d in ca p a ci ta te d p e rs o n n e l • B ra in d ra in • N u m b e r o f in st itu tio n s im p le m e n tin g h e a lt h a n d n u tr iti o n p ro g ra m m e s • Im p ro v e d a w a re n e s s a n d e d u c a ti o n o n n u tr it io n • To i m p ro v e q u a lit y o f c a re a s w e ll a s th e s c re e n in g f o r c o n d it io n s l ik e N C D s i n t im e • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r P ri m a ry a n d S e c o n d a ry E d u c a ti o n • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le fo r H o m e A ff a ir s • U N A g e n c ie s • N G O s 2 8 5 0 0 0 0 1 . C o o rd in a te a n d d o cu m e n t fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n r e se a rc h a ct iv iti e s (i n cl u d in g in d ig e n o u s kn o w le d g e ) • A va ila b ili ty o f fu n d in g a n d e xp e rt is e t o co n d u ct r e se a rc h • P u b lic a tio n , e n d o rs e m e n t a n d a ct io n in g o f re se a rc h fi n d in g s a n d d a ta • E xi st e n ce o f n e ce ss a ry s ki lls a n d c a p a ci ty a t a ll le ve ls • R e so u rc e C o n st ra in ts • N o n p u b lic a tio n o r e n d o rs e m e n t o f re se a rc h fin d in g s • N u m b e r o f re se a rc h a ct iv iti e s co n d u ct e d • N u m b e r o f re se a rc h p u b lic a tio n s • N u m b e r o f re se a rc h h u b s cr e a te d • To g e n e ra te f o o d a n d n u tr it io n in fo rm a ti o n f o r d e c is io n m a k in g , p ro g ra m m in g a n d a d v o c a c y • F N C • S U N R A P • S IR D C • F N S C • Z im S T A T • A c a d e m ic a n d re s e a rc h i n s ti tu ti o n s • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 1 5 0 0 0 0 2 . M o b ili se a n in cr e a se in fu n d in g t o w a rd s n u tr iti o n fr o m t h e n a tio n a l fi sc u s • P o lit ic a l w ill • C o n d u ci ve e co n o m ic e n vi ro n m e n t • C o m p e tin g n a tio n a l p ri o ri tie s • • S tr e n g th e n G o v e rn m e n t re s p o n s e a n d fu n d in g f o r n u tr it io n • O ffi c e o f P re s id e n t a n d C a b in e t • F N C • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r F in a n c e • R B Z • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r A g ri c u lt u re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r H e a lt h • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 . A d vo ca te f o r st a ff e s ta b lis h m e n t o f n u tr iti o n is ts a t s u b - n a ti o n a l l e ve ls in M in is tr y fo r h e a lth a n d o th e r re le va n t m in is tr ie s (e .g ., W a rd N u tr it io n C o o rd in a to rs , a g ri cu lt u re s e ct o r) • T h e G o ve rn m e n t fu n d in g f o r th e s ta ff e s ta b lis h m e n t. • T h e re a re e n o u g h tr a in e d p e o p le t o fi ll th e p o st s • R e si st a n ce f ro m t h e se ct o rs • S h o rt t e rm d o n o r fu n d e d p o st s • N u m b e r o f se ct o r m in is tr ie s in co rp o ra tin g n u tr iti o n e xp e rt is e in t h e ir s ta ff e st a b lis h m e n t. • T h e re is a n e e d f o r a d e q u a te ly t ra in e d ca d re s in t h e va ri o u s se ct o rs t o in flu e n ce c h a n g e p ro ce ss a n d in cr e a se t h e n u tr iti o n i m p a ct . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L a b o u r 7 5 0 0 0 T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 92 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) N u m b e r o f a d vo ca cy a ct iv iti e s d o n e G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs • • • • G o a l 3 : Im p ro ve d n u tr iti o u s /h e a lth y fo o d c h o ic e s fo r c o n su m e rs 2 1 1 . P u b lic P ri v a te P a rt n e rs h ip s (P P P ) s tr e n g th e n e d in t h e d e liv e ry o f in n o va ti ve in te rv e n tio n s t o a lle vi a te n u tr iti o n p ro b le m s fo r th e ir s ta ff a n d in t h e c o m m u n ity • W ill in g n e ss b y e m p lo ye rs a n d e m p lo ye e s U n su p p o rt iv e e co n o m ic e n vi ro n m e n t N u m b e r o f ta rg e te d co m p a n ie s w ith w e lln e ss p ro g ra m m e s fo r st a ff • N u m b e r o f p ri va te a n d p u b lic s e c to r in st itu tio n s th a t h a ve in tr o d u ce d la ct a tio n r o o m s a t th e w o rk p la ce • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith a cc e p ta b le F o o d C o n su m p tio n S co re r a n g e • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld s w ith a cc e p ta b le d ie ta ry d iv e rs ity • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n o f ch ild b e a ri n g a g e w ith a cc e p ta b le M D D -W To e n su re n u tr iti o n a n d w e lln e ss p ro g ra m s a re w e ll kn o w n a n d im p le m e n te d in th e p u b lic a n d p ri va te s e ct o r w o rk p la ce s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • L o ca l a u th o ri tie s • U N A g e n ci e s • N G O s • In d u st ry A ss o ci a ti o n s • M e d ia h o u se s 9 0 0 0 0 2 . Im p le m e n t a n d r o ll o u t F o o d B a se d D ie ta ry G u id e lin e s · F u n d in g f o r tr a in in g a n d p ri n tin g o f g u id e lin e s · L im ite d f u n d in g · N u m b e r o f a w a re n e ss ca m p a ig n s d o n e · N u m b e r o f fo o d b a se d d ie ta ry g u id e lin e s (F B D G ) m a te ri a ls p ri n te d a n d d is tr ib u te d · N u m b e r o f se ct o ra l e n g a g e m e n ts d o n e · E d u ca te co n su m e rs o n h e a lth y d ie ts a n d p ro vi d e d ir e ct io n f o r p ro g ra m s a n d p o lic ie s a im in g to e n su re h e a lth y d ie ts fo r a ll • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • P ri va te s e ct o r N u tr iti o n p a rt n e rs (C C Z ) 8 1 0 0 0 0 ¹T h e go al w ill b e m ea su re d b y p ro xy in d ic at o rs w h ic h m ea su re d ie t q u al it y su ch a s H D D S ² T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 93 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs • 3 . P ro vi d e g u id e lin e s a n d t e ch n ic a l su p p o rt f o r n u tr iti o n se n si tiv e p ro g ra m m in g a cr o ss se ct o rs • F u n ct io n a l m u lti se ct o ra l co m m itt e e s L im ite d a cc o u n ta b ili ty fo r im p le m e n tin g n u tr it io n s e n si tiv e p ro g ra m m in g • N u m b e r o f G u id e lin e s P ro d u ce d . • N u m b e r o f m in is tr ie s/ d e p a rt m e n ts a n d a g e n ci e s (M D A s) re p o rt in g o n n u tr iti o n se n si tiv e in te rv e n tio n s • Im p le m e n ta tio n o f N u tr iti o n s e c u ri ty in te rv e n tio n s is m u lti - d im e n s io n a l • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r In d u s tr y a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • P ri v a te s e c to r • N u tr iti o n p a rt n e rs 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 . E n fo rc e m e n t o f st a tu to ry in st ru m e n t o n m a n d a to ry f o o d fo rt ifi ca tio n • U p d a te d F o o d a n d F o o d S ta n d a rd s A ct • R e si st a n ce f ro m t h e fo o d in d u st ry s e ct o rs • N u m b e r o f fo o d in d u st ri e s co m p ly in g • F o o d F o rt ifi ca tio n S tr a te g y in p la ce • T o a d d re s s t h e h ig h m ic ro n u tr ie n t b u rd e n • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r In d u s tr y a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r fi n a n c e • P ri v a te s e c to r 9 0 0 0 0 0 B u d g e t T o ta l 2 8 5 7 5 0 0 0 T a b le 6 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 9. KEY RESULT AREA 5: NUTRITION SECURITY 94 T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 95 10.1 Rationale An information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing data and providing information and knowledge products. Commitment Six of the Food and Nutrition Security Policy (FNSP) emphasises that “The Government of Zimbabwe is committed to ensuring a national integrated Food and Nutrition Security Information System (FNSIS) that provides timely, reliable information on the food and nutrition security situation, effectiveness of programmes and informs decision-making”. The FNSIS comprises of broadly five components including baseline assessments, annual assessments, early warning and surveillance, rapid assessments and research. A strong evidence base is important for measuring the outcomes of programmes implemented with the aim of improving the food and nutrition security status of a population. A food and nutrition information system is therefore necessary to establish, monitor and evaluate the nature, extent, magnitude and severity of food and nutrition security problems as well as their under-lying causes. In addition, a strong information system will inform the development and implementation of effective policies and programmes to improve food and nutrition security as well as enable timely response to food and nutrition security emergencies. Information on the food and nutrition security situation should be relevant, accurate, timely and accessible to various stakeholders for decision making at all levels. Utilisation of information may be facilitated by the establishment and strengthening of food and nutrition security decision-making structures. Information collected through the information system is analysed and transmitted to decision-makers in an appropriate format and in a timely fashion to be of real value. It is critical that the information be accessible to those for whom it is intended and that mechanisms exist for evaluation and feedback on the information's usefulness for planning. Government has come up with the National Development Strategy 1: 2021-2025 (NDS1). The overarching goal of NDS1 is to ensure high, accelerated, inclusive and sustainable economic growth as well as socio-economic transformation and development as we move towards an upper middle-income society by 2030. All sectors in the country are now working “Towards a Prosperous & Empowered Upper Middle-Income Society by 2030” The information system is recognized for its value and contribution to precision public health and sustainable livelihood planning. It continues to provide spatially resolved data to guide efficient targeting of interventions and assists the country to evaluate its performance against set targets and aspirations. It has contributed immensely to monitoring of the continuing implementation of the NDS1, Agriculture related policies, Social Assistance and Social Protection related policies, the Food and Nutrition Security Policy as well as the country's progress against regional and global commitments (which include Sustainable Development Goals- SDGs). It has also managed to quantify inequalities and identify successes and failures of programmes and policies at local level. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 96 The information system has consistently managed to monitor interventions to ensure adherence to the principles spelt out in regional and international frameworks which Zimbabwe has committed itself to, which include the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the SDGs. Information from the information system has been able to guide early warning for early action. The Food and Nutrition Council has regularly been producing annual rural and urban livelihoods assessment reports which provide timely updates on the food security situation in Zimbabwe. FNC also coordinates periodic National Nutrition Surveys, Rapid assessments and Programme Impact Assessments. These assessments provide policy makers with timely data and information for decision making. Furthermore, the information from the annual livelihoods surveys has facilitated resource mobilisation for Government/donor funded food aid for vulnerable households in food insecure districts. The Food and Nutrition Council as the coordinator of food and nutrition issues is leading in the development of the Food and Nutrition Dashboard which will consolidate key information from different sectors into one live interactive Dashboard to facilitate the provision of updates on the prevailing food and nutrition security situation in Zimbabwe. 10.2 Goals, Strategies, Assumptions, Risks, Indicators, Justification, Stakeholders and Implementers The goals, key strategies, assumptions, risks, indicators for tracking performance, justification for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies and achieve the stated results under the KRA of Food and Nutrition Information dealing with Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning are summarised in Table 7. G o a l 1 : A s e cu re a n d in te g ra te d ce n tr a l re p o si to ry f o r th e s to ra g e , re tr ie va l, m a in te n a n ce , a n d u p d a te o f in fo rm a tio n is e st a b lis h e d b y 2 0 2 5 1 . In te g ra te a n d h a rm o n is e e xi st in g in fo rm a tio n sy st e m s o n F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n S e cu ri ty w ith in th e R B M & E fr a m e w o rk t o e lim in a te d u p lic a tio n o f e ff o rt s a n d e n h a n ce st a ke h o ld e r co lla b o ra tio n . • C lo u d s to ra g e o f F N S in fo rm a tio n is p e rm itt e d b y G o ve rn m e n t • S ta ke h o ld e rs a re w ill in g t o s h a re in fo rm a tio n o n fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty o p e n ly a n d t im e ly • S ta ke h o ld e r co lla b o ra tio n im p ro ve s • L o w a n d w e a k in te rn e t n e tw o rk co ve ra g e • C yb e r ri sk s (h a ck e rs , vi ru se s, M a lw a re e ff e ct s, cy b e r- cr im e s, e tc .) • F re q u e n cy o f d a sh b o a rd u p d a te s • A h a n d b o o k o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n in d ic a to rs a n d in d ic a to r d e fin iti o n s. • N u m b e r o f h a rm o n is e d R B M & E in fo rm a tio n sh a ri n g w o rk sh o p s p e r ye a r • S e v e ra l in fo rm a tio n s y s te m s in Z im b a b w e b u t a ll w o rk in g in s ilo s . • N o h a rm o n is e d fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e c u ri ty in d ic a to r h a n d b o o k . • To e lim in a te d u p lic a tio n o f e ff o rt s a n d e n h a n c e s ta k e h o ld e r c o lla b o ra tio n • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lfa re . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r E d u c a tio n . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r Y o u th • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 9 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 2 . E st a b lis h a ro b u st in fo rm a tio n p o rt a l fo r e a se o f a cc e ss in g u p d a te d in fo rm a tio n b y st a ke h o ld e rs a t a ll le ve ls • C o n n e ct iv ity (m o b ile , in te rn e t, e tc .) e xp a n d e d t o re a ch a ll se ct o ra l in st itu tio n s a t a ll le ve ls • H ig h c o st s to a cc e ss th e in te rn e t • H ig h co m p u te r ill ite ra cy • Ir re g u la r p o w e r su p p ly t o se ct o ra l in s tit u tio n s • P ro vi d e in a d e q u a te a n d ir re le va n t in fo rm a tio n to st a ke h o ld e rs • N u m b e r o f st a ke h o ld e rs a cc e ss in g t h e in fo rm a tio n p o rt a l p e r q u a rt e r a t n a tio n a l a n d s u b n a tio n a l le ve l • To a s s e s s t h e u til iz a tio n o f th e in fo rm a tio n p o rt a l b y s ta k e h o ld e rs • F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n c il( F N C ) 4 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 97 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . A d vo ca te fo r ro b u st in fo rm a tio n te ch n o lo g y se cu ri ty sy st e m s fo r a ll se ct o ra l i n st itu tio n s • C o n n e ct iv ity (m o b ile , in te rn e t, e tc .) e xp a n d e d t o re a ch a ll se ct o ra l in st itu tio n s a t a ll le ve ls • C yb e r ri sk s (h a ck e rs , vi ru se s, M a lw a re • N u m b e r o f in st it u ti o n s w it h se cu re I C T sy st e m s. • N u m b e r o f st a ke h o ld e rs w it h b a ck -u p p o w e r su p p ly (g e n e ra to rs a n d s o la r sy st e m s) • To m in im iz e c y b e r ri s k • F N C • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r IC T • P O T R A Z • M o b ile s e rv ic e p ro v id e rs 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 . E n su re t h e in co rp o ra tio n o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty in fo rm a tio n s ys te m in t h e d e ve lo p m e n t a n d o p e ra tio n a lis a tio n o f a g o ve rn m e n t d ig ita lis a tio n st ra te g y • F o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty in fo rm a tio n is m a d e r e a d ily a n d tim e ly a cc e ss ib le t o u se rs • L o w a n d p o o r in te rn e t n e tw o rk co v e ra g e • N u m b e r o f se ct o rs w it h F N S in fo rm a ti o n i n cl u d e d i n t h e g o ve rn m e n t d ig it a lis e d sy st e m • To e n s u re F N S in fo rm a ti o n i s re a d ily a v a ila b le a n d a c c e s s ib le t o u s e rs • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u lt u re . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lf a re . • M in is tr ie s re s p o n s ib le f o r E d u c a ti o n . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r Y o u th . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r In fo rm a ti o n , C o m m u n ic a ti o n a n d T e c h n o lo g y. 5 0 ,0 0 0 5 . A d vo ca te f o r m e d ia se rv ic e p ro vi d e rs t o in cr e a se c o ve ra g e o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n in fo rm a tio n d is se m in a tio n in a ll a re a s in Z im b a b w e • C o ve ra g e e xp a n d e d t o r e a ch a ll le ve ls (c o m m u n ity a n d in st itu tio n a l) • In a d e q u a te re so u rc e s • H ig h c o st s to a cc e ss t h e in te rn e t • N u m b e r o f m e d ia s e rv ic e s p ro vi d in g f o o d n u tr it io n se cu ri ty i n fo rm a ti o n • P ro p o rt io n o f p o p u la ti o n kn o w le d g e a b le o n k e y fo o d a n d n u tr it io n c o n ce p ts . • L o w c o v e ra g e o f in fo rm a ti o n o n f o o d a n d n u tr it io n se c u ri ty . • L o w p a rt ic ip a ti o n o f ci ti z e n s i n f o o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty is s u e s . • M o b ile s e rv ic e p ro v id e rs • P O T R A Z • F N C o n s ib le f o r • M in is tr y re s p M e d ia 5 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 98 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 2 : T im e ly co lle ct io n , co lla tio n a n d d is se m in a tio n o f u p t o d a te , a cc u ra te , a n d d is a g g re g a te d fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty in fo rm a tio n b y 2 0 2 5 1 . P ro m o te t h e u se o f e ffi ci e n t d a ta co lle ct io n s ys te m s (e .g ., m o b ile a n d w e b -b a se d ) • T h e c o st o f m o b ile a n d w e b - b a se d f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n d a ta co lle ct io n sy st e m s re m a in a cc e ss ib le a n d su p p ly li n e s re m a in o p e n • In te rn e t a n d m o b ile co n n e ct iv ity a re a va ila b le • E n e rg y su p p ly re m a in s st a b le • C y b e r ri sk s (h a ck e rs , vi ru se s, M a lw a re e ff e ct s, cy b e r- cr im e s, e tc .) • U n re lia b le e n e rg y to p o w e r e le ct ro n ic g a d g e ts u se d i n m o b ile a n d w e b -b a se d d a ta co lle ct io n • N u m b e r o f se ct o rs u si n g w e b -b a se d d a ta co lle ct io n s ys te m s. • P ro p o rt io n o f p la n n e d n a ti o n a l fo o d a n d n u tr it io n a ss e ss m e n ts co m p le te d t im e ly . • In e ffi ci e n t d a ta c o lle ct io n s ys te m s in s o m e s e ct o rs . • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 3 ,3 2 5 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 99 R e s p o n s ib le 2 . B u ild c a p a ci ty f o r fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n a ss e ss m e n ts a n d a n a ly si s • H u m a n re so u rc e s a re a va ila b le a n d in te re st e d i n p a rt ic ip a tin g in ca p a ci ty d e ve lo p m e n t in iti a tiv e s. • R e so u rc e s a re a llo ca te d t o f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty a ss e ss m e n ts . • E m ig ra ti o n o f ca p a ci ta te d h u m a n re so u rc e s • H u m a n re so u rc e a tt ri ti o n d u e to o th e r ca u se s • N u m b e r o f ca p a ci ty b u ild in g p ro g ra m m e s co n d u ct e d • N u m b e r o f ca d re s tr a in e d in F N S i n fo rm a ti o n sy st e m s • L im ite d c a p a c ity a c ro s s s e c to rs . • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lfa re . • M in is tr ie s re s p o n s ib le f o r E d u c a tio n . • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H ig h e r a n d Te rt ia ry E d u c a tio n • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • S c a lin g U p N u tr iti o n R e s e a rc h a n d A c a d e m ia P la tf o rm 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 100 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . S tr e n g th e n s e ct o r c a p a ci ty in f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty d a ta c o lle ct io n , a n a ly si s, r e p o rt in g a n d t im e ly in fo rm a ti o n d is se m in a ti o n , u ti lis a tio n , a n d fe e d b a c k • G a d g e ts (c o m p u te rs , m o b ile p h o n e s , ta b le ts , e tc .) f o r m o b ile a n d w e b -b a se d f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n d a ta a re a va ila b le • S ta ff t u rn o ve r, a n d b ra in d ra in r e m a in s lo w • C yb e r ri sk s (h a ck e rs , vi ru se s, M a lw a re e ff e ct s, c yb e r- cr im e s, e tc .) • N u m b e r o f se ct o rs t ra in e d i n d a ta c o lle ct io n , a n a ly si s, re p o rt in g a n d t im e ly in fo rm a tio n d is se m in a tio n , u til is a tio n , a n d f e e d b a ck • N u m b e r o f ca d re s tr a in e d in d a ta c o lle ct io n , a n a ly si s, re p o rt in g a n d t im e ly in fo rm a tio n d is se m in a tio n , u til is a tio n , a n d f e e d b a ck • W e a k se ct o r in fo rm a tio n sy st e m s. • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 7 5 ,0 0 0 4 . S tr e n g th e n f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s u rv e ill a n c e s ys te m s. • In te rn e t a n d m o b ile c o n n e ct iv ity a re a v a ila b le • R e so u rc e a v a ila b ili ty • U n re lia b le e n e rg y to p o w e r e le ct ro n ic g a d g e ts u se d in m o b ile a n d w e b -b a se d d a ta c o lle ct io n • N u m b e r o f e a rl y w a rn in g re p o rt s • W e a k su rv e ill a n ce sy st e m s. • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 5 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 101 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 5 . D e ve lo p f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty m o n ito ri n g fr a m e w o rk . • S ta ke h o ld e r w ill in g n e ss t o p a rt ic ip a te • E ffi ci e n t u se o f re so u rc e s is e n h a n ce d • In su ffi ci e n t re s o u rc e s • N u m b e r o f se ct o rs w it h t o o ls fo r co lle ct in g i n d ic a to rs i n t h e M F N S S • L a c k o f a h a rm o n is e d fr a m e w o rk . • L a c k o f c o m m o n a p p ro a c h in M & E . • F N C • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u ltu re • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y R e s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re s p o n s ib le f o r E d u c a tio n • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r Y o u th • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 5 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 102 6 . U n d e rt a k e jo in t fo o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty m o n it o ri n g a n d e v a lu a ti o n • S ta ke h o ld e r co lla b o ra tio n im p ro ve s • E ffi c ie n t u s e o f re so u rc e s is e n h a n ce d • In su ffi ci e n t re so u rc e s • P ro p o rt io n o f se ct o rs p a rt ic ip a tin g i n M & E a ct iv iti e s. • N u m b e r o f jo in t M a n d E a ss e ss m e n ts u n d e rt a ke n • W e a k M & E s ys te m . • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 103 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 7 . R e g u la rl y u p d a te fo o d a n d n u tr it io n s e c u ri ty in fo rm a tio n s ys te m w it h r o u tin e p ro g ra m m e m o n it o ri n g a n d e va lu a tio n d a ta f ro m d iff e re n t se ct o rs • G o o d s ta k e h o ld e r c o lla b o ra ti o n • In su ffi ci e n t re so u rc e s • P o w e r cu ts • In te rn e t co n n e ct iv ity • U p d a te d in fo rm a tio n s ys te m • E a rl y w a rn in g in fo rm a tio n f o r e a rl y a ct io n • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n . • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 2 5 ,0 0 0 8 . D is se m in a te f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n kn o w le d g e o u tp u ts • T h e re is d e m a n d fo r fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty in fo rm a tio n • In su ffi ci e n t re s o u rc e s • N u m b e r o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n in fo rm a tio n o u tp u ts p ro d u ce d • N u m b e r o f p e o p le r e a ch e d w ith F N S in fo rm a tio n o u tp u ts • T o p ro m o te u se o f fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty in fo rm a tio n in p o lic y, p la n n in g a n d p ro g ra m m in g . • F N C • Z IM S T A T S • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r M e d ia • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 9 . In cr e a se m e d ia e n g a g e m e n t, e .g ., e le ct ro n ic , so ci a l a n d p ri n t m e d ia a t n a tio n a l a n d su b n a tio n a l l e ve ls . • E ffi ci e n t u se o f re so u rc e s is e n h a n ce d • In su ffi ci e n t re so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f m e d ia e n g a g e m e n t m e e tin g s p e r ye a r b y ty p e o f m e d ia • To p ro m o te d is se m in a tio n o f F N S in fo rm a tio n o n va ri o u s m e d ia p la tf o rm s • F N C • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r In fo rm a ti o n • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r A g ri c u lt u re • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r H e a lt h • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r S o c ia l W e lf a re • M in is tr ie s re s p o n s ib le f o r E d u c a ti o n • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le f o r In fo rm a ti o n , C o m m u n ic a ti o n a n d T e c h n o lo g y • D e v e lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 2 5 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 104 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to r J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e r T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 1 0 .I n cr e a se in fo rm a tio n d is se m in a tio n p la tf o rm s a t n a tio n a l a n d s u b n a tio n a l le ve ls • In te rn e t a n d m o b ile co n n e ct iv it y a re a va ila b le • S ta ke h o ld e r co lla b o ra tio n im p ro ve s • In s u ffi ci e n t re so u rc e s • N u m b e r o f m e d ia p la tf o rm s d is se m in a ti n g F N S in fo rm a ti o n • T o p ro m o te d is se m in a tio n o f F N S in fo rm a tio n o n va ri o u s m e d ia p la tf o rm s • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n , C o m m u n ic a tio n a n d T e ch n o lo g y • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 G o a l 3 : T im e ly p ro vi si o n o f cl im a te r e la te d in fo rm a tio n t o h o u se h o ld s b y 2 0 2 5 1 . S tr e n g th e n cl im a te a n d w e a th e r in fo rm a tio n sy st e m s to in fo rm a d a p ta tio n a n d re sp o n se m e a su re s • A va ila b ili ty o f te ch n ic a l c a p a ci ty fo r d is se m in a tin g in fo rm a tio n o n cl im a te t o f a rm in g a re a s • S o m e co m m u n iti e s a re d ig ita lly e xc lu d e d • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs re ce iv in g c lim a te r e la te d in fo rm a tio n • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs u si n g c lim a te r e la te d in fo rm a tio n • L o w p ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs r e ce iv in g a n d u si n g e a rl y w a ri n g in fo rm a tio n f o r p la n n in g . • C iv il p ro te ct io n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n • D e p a rt m e n t o f M e te o ro lo g ic a l S e rv ic e s • D e p a rt m e n t o f C lim a te C h a n g e • E co n e t • Te le ce l • N e tO n e 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 T o ta l B u d g e t 5 ,0 3 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 7 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n I n fo rm a ti o n : A s s e s s m e n t, A n a ly s is a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 10. KEY RESULT AREA 6: FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS AND EARLY WARNING 105 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 106 11.1 Rationale for Key Result Area The Government of Zimbabwe, through the Food and Nutri�on Security Policy, is commi�ed to enhancing and strengthening na�onal capacity in food and nutri�on security, primarily through suppor�ng and reinforcing local community capacity, applied context-specific research and learning and mul�sectoral professional training in food and nutri�on security. This commitment is achieved through promo�ng community capacity to address food and nutri�on security problems. It further looks into strengthening of decentralised mul�sectoral structures for coordina�on of food and nutri�on security issues. Mul�sectoral approaches are defined as collabora�ve approaches, which can span across various ministries, government agencies, non-governmental organisa�ons, relevant stakeholders and other groups, with a common goal in addressing a par�cular issue. They aim to address the “social and economic factors that influence the food and nutri�on security issues at local, na�onal, and global levels. A mul�sectoral approach brings together a coherent range of strategies with the aim of enhancing food and nutri�on security. These include interven�ons in agriculture and business development, healthcare, clean water, hygiene and sanita�on, basic infrastructure, gender equality, and educa�on. Such approaches highlight the interdependence of the Sustainable Development Goals and the bi-direc�onal rela�onships that exist between hunger and nutri�on and a host of other health development challenges. Key findings from the 2013 Lancet Series on Maternal and Child Nutri�on show that nutri�on-sensi�ve programmes in agriculture, social welfare, early child development, and schooling can be successful at addressing several underlying determinants of nutri�on. Once there is consensus for a mul�-sectoral approach, a na�on can begin to tackle all the causes of malnutri�on in a coordinated and synergis�c way. Nutri�on-sensi�ve development seeks to integrate and promote nutri�on as a goal of mul�ple sector policies in order to accelerate na�onal development. Agriculture, social protec�on, health, and educa�on programmes all have specific and a�ainable ac�ons they can make to improve their own outcomes by incorpora�ng nutri�on. Policy-makers and programme implementers from across sectors can help ensure a brighter future by developing mul�-sectoral interven�ons that help individuals and na�ons benefit from the full impact of development. By inves�ng in mul�sectoral ini�a�ves, a na�on can generate greater human capital, enable individuals to escape poverty, and help na�ons fuel economic development. FNC supports na�onal capaci�es to shape food systems that enable healthy diets and ensure that every Zimbabwean is free from hunger and all forms of malnutri�on. Developing appropriate food systems policies and ac�ons entails improving governments' and non-State actors' capaci�es for carrying out the necessary ac�ons. FNC con�nuously develops roadmaps to guide capacity development ac�vi�es by addressing current gaps and leveraging opportuni�es. The Government of Zimbabwe through the Food and Nutri�on Council coordinates the capacita�on of sectors and communi�es for improved food and nutri�on. In that regard, FNC con�nues to ensure that established FNSCs at the sub-na�onal level are fully func�onal and capacitated. These structures are mandated by the Food and Nutri�on Security Policy to address context-specific challenges. As of 2022, 49 District Food and Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 107 Nutri�on Security Commi�ees and 300 Ward Food and Nutri�on Security Commi�ees had been established in rural districts countrywide. Recognising the need for a coordinated food and nutri�on response in Urban Areas, FNC successfully established Provincial Food and Nutri�on Security Commi�ees in Harare Metropolitan and Bulawayo City. The FNSC training equipped the urban teams with the knowledge and skills to func�on and deliver their expected food and nutri�on security mandates. To strengthen the applica�on of policies and strategies and ensure that mul�-sector efforts are guided by current economic documents, FNC reviewed FNSC materials, manuals, and training packages to be in line with the Na�onal Development Strategy 1. The revision process assured that FNSCs are in sync with in-country and global emerging developments, knowledge, and skills. Reinforcement of collec�ve accountability across all levels towards a shared goal in food and nutri�on security was done through mee�ngs that were facilitated by FNC. The mentorship approach adopted by FNC was used by na�onal mentors to provide the necessary func�onality skills and knowledge to sub-na�onal structures. Food and Nutri�on Security Commi�ee func�onality capacity was also enhanced through inter-district learning pla�orms. The inter-district learning pla�orms enhanced knowledge sharing between the districts that are implemen�ng the Mul�-sectoral Community Based Approach. To ensure that FNSCs are implemen�ng community-driven and context-specific programmes, the FNC coordinated capacity training on the Mul�-sectoral Coordina�on Model (an approach adopted by the Government of Zimbabwe to address food and nutri�on security challenges) in districts that are implemen�ng the resilience building concept. In addi�on, as an effort to address subna�onal documenta�on capacity gaps, the FNC facilitated mee�ngs where FNSCs were capacitated in documen�ng mul�-sector success stories. The stories compiled by FNSCs have showcased evidence of well-coordinated mul�-sector efforts toward improved food and nutri�on security. The Food and Nutri�on Council through subna�onal FNSCs has played a key role in ensuring mul�-sector convergence of efforts. In recogni�on of the key result area that places women's role as central for food and nutri�on security, FNSCs carried out sustainable nutri�on-sensi�ve gender inclusion interven�ons. FNSCs also coordinated projects which promoted rural industrialisa�on, improved livelihoods, and sources of income targe�ng women. FNC con�nues to advocate for the strengthening of sectoral (inter/intra) human capital development and innova�on to promote food and nutri�on security at all levels. The review of both in-service and pre-service training packages ensures that relevant sector professionals across all key line ministries are capacitated on food and nutri�on. The nutri�on-sensi�ve pre-service training programme being implemented by the training department within the Ministry of Agriculture was designed to ensure that extension officers are adequately prepared to meet the needs of farmers and contribute to the transforma�on of Zimbabwe's Agriculture sector. The in-service programme involves con�nuous on-the-job learning through workshops, refresher training, and the self-directed learning digital pla�orm. The new primary and secondary competency-based curriculum has assured that food and nutri�on security skills and knowledge are introduced early in the educa�on system (pre-service). The prac�cal agriculture module capacitates school children to grow crops and rear small livestock. The new curriculum recognises the Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY paramount importance of schools fully u�lising the available space to enrich learners' competency-based curriculum. Higher and ter�ary educa�on ins�tu�ons have undergone curriculum review to what is dubbed the 'Educa�on 5.0' strategy. In line with the Government of Zimbabwe's vision of an educa�on that delivers goods and services to industrialise and modernise the country under the Na�onal Vision 2030, Educa�on 5.0 highlights that the country is able to draw from its internal capabili�es and resources to drive its own development and posi�on itself as an upper middle-income economy by the year 2030. The new curriculum has five (5) fundamental principles: Research, Teaching, Community Service, Innova�on and Industrialisa�on. This has seen staff and students ensuring that every output a�ains each of the principles and as such has capacitated graduated and enhanced outputs to feed into overall na�onal development. Although these ac�vi�es are high impact in nature, a wide gap s�ll exists and needs scaling up as indicated in the Strategy. 11.2 Goals, Strategies, Assump�ons, Risks, Indicators, Jus�fica�on, Stakeholders and Implementers The goals, key strategies, assump�ons, risks, indicators for tracking performance, jus�fica�on for the strategies and stakeholders with the mandate to implement the strategies and achieve the stated results under the KRA of Enhancing and Strengthening Capaci�es for Food and Nutri�on Security are summarised in Table 8. 108 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) G o a l 1 : A ll w o m e n h a ve th e c a p a ci ty to s a fe ly p ro vi d e f o r th e ir f o o d , h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty n e e d s u si n g a p p ro p ri a te te c h n o lo g ie s b y 2 0 2 5 1 . A d vo ca te f o r m o re r e so u rc e s to b e c h a n n e lle d to w a rd s in te rv e n ti o n s t h a t ca p a c ita te w o m e n t o s a fe ly p ro vi d e f o r th e ir fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n n e e d s • A d e q u a te b u d g e ta ry a llo ca tio n f o r a ll w o m e n • F u n d in g m a y n o t b e a va ila b le • P ro p o rt io n o f n a tio n a l b u d g e t a llo ca te d t o a ll w o m e n • p ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n a cc e ss in g fin a n ci a l s u p p o rt b y ty p e • N u m b e r o f a d vo ca cy e n g a g e m e n ts d o n e w ith fi n a n ci a l in st itu tio n s • N u m b e r o f a d vo ca cy m a te ri a l p ro d u ce d • In cl u si vi ty o f in te rv e n tio n s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 . P ro m o te in cr e a se d e n g a g e m e n t o f yo u th s in cl u d in g a d o le s ce n ts in fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e c u ri ty a ct iv iti e s • C o n d u ci v e in st itu tio n a l a n d p o lic y e n vi ro n m e n t • L im ite d c o m m itm e n t b y lin e m in is tr ie s to m a in st re a m a d o le sc e n ts • Ta rg e t g ro u p re si st a n ce t o p a rt ic ip a te • P ro p o rt io n o f a d o le sc e n ts a n d yo u th s e n g a g e d in fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n in te rv e n tio n s • N u m b e r o f lin e m in is tr ie s co m m itt e d to m a in st re a m in g a d o le sc e n ts a n d yo u th s in F N S p o lic ie s a n d g u id e lin e s • E n g a g e m e n t o f yo u th s a n d a d o le sc e n ts in f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty p o lic ie s a n d g u id e lin e s • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r E d u ca tio n • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r Y o u th • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 109 K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 3 . P ro m o te a d o p tio n b y w o m e n o f n e w in n o va tio n s a n d te c h n o lo g ie s th a t p ro m o te h o u s e h o ld a n d c o m m u n it y fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e c u ri ty • W ill in g n e ss t o a d o p t im p ro v e d t e ch n o lo g ie s a m o n g s t w o m e n • A d o p tio n o f re le va n t te c h n o lo g ie s m ig h t ta k e t im e • N u m b e r o f n e w te ch n o lo g ie s/ in n o va tio n s a d o p te d • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n a d o p tin g im p ro ve d te ch n o lo g ie s • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n h e a d e d h o u se h o ld s u si n g F N S t e ch n o lo g y (p la n tin g , w e e d in g , h a rv e st in g & p o st - h a rv e st te ch n o lo g ie s, v a lu e a d d iti o n , fo o d p ro ce ss in g & p re se rv a tio n ) • P ro p o rt io n o f W o m e n a n d Y o u th p a rt ic ip a tin g in F N S in te rv e n tio n s • P ro p o rt io n o f co m m u n ity h o u se h o ld s u si n g in n o va tiv e F N S kn o w le d g e a n d te ch n o lo g ie s • R e d u ct io n o f la b o u r- in te n si ve m e th o d s • M in is tr y R e sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu lt u re ( D R & S S A R D A S ) • A g ri cu lt u ra l T ra in in g C o lle g e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r W o m e n A ff a ir s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r In n o va ti o n a n d Te ch n o lo g y D e ve lo p m e n t • A ca d e m ia • F a cu lt ie s o f A g ri cu lt u re • C o m m u n it ie s • T ra d it io n a l le a d e rs s • N G O 7 8 ,0 0 0 T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 110 R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 4 . A d vo ca te f o r ca p a ci ta tio n o f fa rm e rs , b o th m e n a n d w o m e n , yo u n g a n d o ld , ru ra l a n d p e ri - u rb a n w ith a p p ro p ri a te s ki lls a n d t e ch n o lo g ie s fo r e n h a n ci n g F N S • F a rm e rs a re t ra in a b le (r e a so n a b le n u m e ra c y a n d li te ra cy r a te s) • L o w u p ta ke o f sk ill s a n d te c h n o lo g ie s • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in th e u p ta ke o f sm a rt a g ri cu ltu re t e ch n o lo g ie s • P e rc e n ta g e in cr e a se in u p ta ke o f a p p ro p ri a te m o d e rn m a ch in e ry a n d te ch n o lo g y • P ro p o rt io n o f fa rm e rs a d o p tin g a p p ro p ri a te sk ill s th a t e n h a n ce F N S • T h e p ro p o rt io n o f ru ra l, u rb a n a n d p e ri u rb a n h o u se h o ld s w ith a cc e ss to in fr a st ru ct u re t h a t e n h a n ce F N S ( ir ri g a tio n , b o re h o le s, f o w l r u n s, so la r p o w e re d w a te r so u rc e , st o ra g e f a ci lit y, n u tr iti o n g a rd e n s, b e e h iv e s) • P ro p o rt io n o f co m m u n ity h o u se h o ld s u si n g in n o va tiv e F N S kn o w le d g e a n d te ch n o lo g ie s • Te ch n o lo g y d ri ve n /o ri e n te d f a rm in g s ys te m s • D R & S S • A g ri c u ltu ra l In s tit u tio n s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r A g ri c u ltu re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r w o m e n e m p o w e rm e n t • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r Y o u th • D e v e lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs • D e p a rt m e n t o f L a n d s • T ra d iti o n a l le a d e rs • L o c a l A u th o ri tie s 1 7 7 ,0 0 0 5 . A d vo ca te f o r p ro vi si o n o f la n d t o yo u th a n d w o m e n fo r co m m u n it y g a rd e n s a n d a g ri b u si n e ss a ct iv iti e s • A va ila b ili ty o f la n d • S u p p o rt iv e la n d p o lic ie s • Ta rg e t g ro u p h a ve a cc e ss t o fi n a n ci a l a n d te ch n ic a l s u p p o rt • L a n d m a y n o t b e a va ila b le • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n a n d yo u th r e ce iv in g la n d u n d e r th e n a tio n a l l a n d re d is tr ib u tio n p ro g ra m m e • A cc e ss t o la n d a n d sk ill s to im p ro ve liv e lih o o d s a n d re si lie n ce • D R & S S • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r A g ri c u ltu re • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r W o m e n A ff a ir s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r Y o u th • S M E s • D e v e lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs A g ri c u ltu ra l In s tit u tio n s • • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r L a n d s D e p a rt m e n t o f L iv e st o c k P ro d u c tio n a n d D e v e lo p m e n t • T ra d iti o n a l L e a d e rs • L o c a l A u th o ri tie s 2 7 1 ,0 0 0 T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 111 R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 6 . A d vo ca te f o r th e p a rt ic ip a tio n o f yo u th a n d w o m e n in a g ri b u s in e ss a ct iv iti e s • Y o u th a n d w o m e n w ill in g t o in v e st in a g ri b u si n e ss a ct iv iti e s • L a ck o f la n d o r b u s in e ss p re m is e s • L a ck o f co lla te ra l f o r se c u ri n g c a p ita l • P ro p o rt io n o f yo u th o w n in g a b u si n e ss in t h e fo o d v a lu e c h a in • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n o w n in g a b u si n e ss in t h e fo o d v a lu e c h a in • E m p o w e rm e n t o f yo u th a n d w o m e n w ill im p ro ve h e a lth a n d n u tr iti o n w e llb e in g • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r Y o u th • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r W o m e n A ff a ir s • S M E s • T ra d iti o n a l L e a d e rs • C o m m u n iti e s 4 5 9 ,0 0 0 7 . A d vo ca te f o r m a in s tr e a m in g o f so ci a lly in cl u si ve F N S a ct iv iti e s in re h a b ili ta tio n ce n tr e s • A va ila b ili ty o f fu n d s • C o m p e tin g p ri o ri tie s • N u m b e r o f re h a b ili ta tio n ce n tr e s m a in st re a m in g F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n se cu ri ty a ct iv iti e s • N u m b e r o f m e n a n d w o m e n r e h a b ili ta te d a n d ca p a ci ta te d in F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n S e cu ri ty • In cl u si vi ty in d e ve lo p m e n t • R e h a b ili ta tio n C e n tr e s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r C o rr e ct io n a l S e rv ic e s • N G O s 4 0 ,0 0 0 8 . S tr e n g th e n co m m u n ity -b a se d sa vi n g s in iti a ti ve s th ro u g h lo ca l sa vi n g s a n d le n d in g s c h e m e s • H ig h d e m a n d f o r cr e d it a n d s a vi n g s • H ig h C o m m u n ity p a rt ic ip a tio n • H ig h in te re st r a te s a m o n g lo c a l l e n d in g a n d m ic ro -fi n a n ce in st itu tio n s • B re a ch o f sa vi n g a n d le n d in g c o n tr a ct • N u m b e r o f co m m u n ity - b a se d le n d in g s ch e m e s e st a b lis h e d • P ro p o rt io n o f h o u se h o ld m e m b e rs p a rt ic ip a tin g in IS A L s/ S A C C O s • P ro p o rt io n o f w o m e n a cc e ss in g fi n a n ci a l su p p o rt b y ty p e • S a vi n g s a n d in ve st m e n t • D e ve lo p m e n t p a rt n e rs • M ic ro -fi n a n ce In st itu tio n s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r C o m m u n ity D e ve lo p m e n t 1 7 7 ,0 0 0 1 . E n su re F N S st ru ct u re s, c o - o rd in a tio n m e ch a n is m s a n d n a tio n a l s ta ff ca p a ci tie s fo r a ll re le va n t s e ct o r p ro fe ss io n a ls a cr o ss a ll k e y lin e m in is tr ie s a re st re n g th e n e d u si n g in -s e rv ic e a n d p re -s e rv ic e st a n d a rd iz e d p a ck a g e s • L in e m in is tr ie s h a ve fi lle d th e ir p o s iti o n s fo r e ff e ct iv e m u lti -s e c to ra l co lla b o ra ti o n in F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n S e cu ri ty C o m m itt e e a ct iv it ie s • L a ck o f re so u rc e s (e .g ., f u n d in g ) • N u m b e r o f st a ke h o ld e rs tr a in e d o n F N S • P ro p o rt io n o f su b - n a tio n a l f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty st ru ct u re s th a t a re fu n ct io n a l • K n o w le d g e a n d s ki lls e n h a n ce m e n t fo r m u lti se ct o ra l f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty re sp o n se • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t 2 7 4 ,0 0 0 T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 112 R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 2 . S tr e n g th e n c o m p e te n ce s a n d s ki lls ( le a d e rs h ip , m a n a g e m e n t, a d vo c a cy , c o m m u n ic a tio n , p la n n in g , fa ci lit a tio n , a n a ly si s a n d p ri o ri tis a tio n ) fo r m u lti -s e ct o ra l fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n c o o rd in a ti o n s tr u ct u re s • F N S C s fu lly e st a b lis h e d a n d f u n ct io n a l • O p p o rt u n iti e s fo r c a p a ci ty tr a in in g lo ca lly , re g io n a lly , a n d in te rn a tio n a lly • In a d e q u a te r e so u rc e s • S ta ff A tt ri tio n • • • P ro p o rt io n o f F N S C s (& o th e r M S P ) fu n ct io n a l a n d r e ce iv in g t e ch n ic a l su p p o rt f o r th e ir o p e ra tio n s P ro p o rt io n o f se ct o r b u d g e t a llo ca te d t o w a rd s fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n P ro p o rt io n o f S e ct o rs w ith fo o d n u tr iti o n s e n si tiv e p la n s • M a in ta in f u n ct io n a lit y o f m u lti se ct o ra l p la tf o rm s (M S P s) fo r F N S • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r In fo rm a tio n • U N A g e n ci e s • N G O s • C Z I • In d u st ry A ss o ci a tio n 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 113 • C le a r ro le o f p ri va te se c to r a n d m u lti p le st a k e h o ld e rs in F N S • W o m e n e n g a g e a s k e y p a rt n e rs in a d v o ca c y a ct iv iti e s fo r F N S • Im p ro ve o w n e rs h ip o f F N S a ct iv iti e s b y m u lti p le s e ct o rs • F N C • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r F in a n ce • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r In d u st ry a n d C o m m e rc e • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r G e n d e r • M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r E d u ca tio n • U N A g e n ci e s • N G O s • C Z I • In d u st ry A ss o ci a tio n s 8 0 ,1 0 0 3 . D e ve lo p a n a tio n a l st ra te g y fo r th e e n g a g e m e n t o f m u lti p le st a ke h o ld e rs i n fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty a t s u b - d is tr ic t, d is tr ic t, p ro v in ci a l a n d n a ti o n a l l e ve ls • L a ck o f in ce n tiv e s to e n co u ra g e p ri va te s e ct o r in ve st m e n t • S tr a te g y d e ve lo p e d a n d im p le m e n te d • N u m b e r o f q u a rt e rl y, h a lf - ye a r o r a n n u a l f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n r e vi e w w o rk sh o p s/ sy m p o si a (D is tr ic t, P ro vi n ci a l, N a tio n a l) • N u m b e r o f lo ca l a u th o ri tie s w ith a s o ci a l se rv ic e s b u d g e t lin e t h a t su p p o rt s F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n A ct iv iti e s • P ro p o rt io n o f S e ct o rs w ith fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n se n si tiv e p la n s R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 114 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 4 . P ro m o te in cl u si vi ty (w o m e n , a d o le sc e n t, y o u th a n d p e rs o n s w ith d is a b ili ty ) in co m m u n ity m a n a g e m e n t st ru ct u re s a n d in iti a tiv e s • E xi st e n ce o f a c u ltu re o f in cl u si vi ty in c o m m u n ity m a n a g e m e n t st ru ct u re s • L o w p ri o ri ty a cc o rd e d to in cl u si vi ty w ith in co m m u n iti e s • N u m b e r o f co m m u n ity m a n a g e m e n t st ru ct u re s w ith d iv e rs e r e p re se n ta tio n (i .e ., a b le b o d ie d , d is a b le d , yo u th , w o m e n , e tc .) • N u m b e r o f co m m u n ity d ri ve n F N S p ro je ct s • N u m b e r o f a ll in cl u si ve F N S in iti a tiv e s in vo lv in g co m m u n iti e s • N u m b e r o f m o d e l v ill a g e s e st a b lis h e d a n d s u st a in e d • N u m b e r o f vi lla g e F N S C • In cl u si vi ty in co m m u n ity m a n a g e m e n t st ru ct u re s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r S o ci a l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r Y o u th • L o ca l l e a d e rs • C o m m u n iti e s 1 7 7 ,0 0 0 5 . Id e n tif y a n d d o cu m e n t s o ci a l, cu ltu ra l a n d g e n d e r- b a se d fa ct o rs a ff e ct in g F N S a n d e n su re th a t th e y a re sy st e m a ti ca lly re c o g n iz e d a n d re fl e ct e d i n F N S st ra te g ie s • W ill in g n e ss o f T ra d it io n a l le a d e rs h ip a n d co m m u n iti e s • N e g a tiv e t ra d iti o n a l b e lie fs & c u st o m s • N u m b e r o f se n si tiz a tio n m e e tin g s o n d o cu m e n te d fa ct o rs a ff e ct in g F N S • N u m b e r o f C h ie f's e n g a g e m e n t a ct iv iti e s d o n e a n d r e p o rt s • N u m b e r o f co m m u n ity d ri ve n F N S p ro je ct s • N u m b e r o f F N S in iti a tiv e s in vo lv in g c o m m u n iti e s • Im p ro ve d o w n e rs h ip o f F N S in iti a tiv e s a t co m m u n ity le ve l • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • F N C • T ra d iti o n a l L e a d e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H o m e A ff a ir s • D e ve lo p m e n t P a rt n e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le fo r Y o u th , S p o rt s a n d C u ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r H e a lth • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r G e n d e r 7 7 ,0 0 0 T a b le 8 : G o a ls , S tr a te g ie s , A s s u m p ti o n s , R is k s , In d ic a to rs , J u s ti fi c a ti o n , a n d R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs f o r E n h a n c in g a n d S tr e n g th e n in g C a p a c it ie s f o r F o o d a n d N u tr it io n S e c u ri ty Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 11. KEY RESULT AREA 7: ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING CAPACITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 115 G o a l fo r th e n e x t F iv e Y e a rs K e y S tr a te g ie s f o r th e G o a l A s s u m p ti o n s R is k s In d ic a to rs J u s ti fi c a ti o n R e s p o n s ib le S ta k e h o ld e rs T o ta l B u d g e t (U S D ) 6 . A d vo ca te f o r th e st re n g th e n in g a n d re su sc ita tio n o f th e Z u n d e R a M a m b o / Is ip h a la s e N ko si (C h ie f’ s g ra n a ry co n ce p t) • C o m m u n iti e s a re su p p o rt iv e o f th e in iti a tiv e • R e so u rc e s a re m a d e a va ila b le • P o o r se a so n ’s p e rf o rm a n ce • C o m m u n ity m a y re si st to p a rt ic ip a te • N u m b e r o f co m m u n ity d ri ve n F N S p ro je ct s • N u m b e r o f F N S in iti a tiv e s in vo lv in g c o m m u n iti e s • F o o d a n d n u tr iti o n se cu ri ty e n h a n ce m e n t a t co m m u n ity le ve l • T ra d iti o n a l L e a d e rs • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r N a tio n a l H e ri ta g e a n d C u ltu re • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re 4 6 0 ,0 0 0 7 . E n su re t h a t th e si g n ifi ca n t p o te n tia l a n d c a p a ci ty o f co m m u n iti e s in e n su ri n g f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty is re co g n is e d . • C o m m u n iti e s a re w ill in g t o a ct iv e ly p a rt ic ip a te in F N S in iti a tiv e s • L im ite d p a rt ic ip a tio n a m o n g c o m m u n ity m e m b e rs • N u m b e r o f vi lla g e F N S C • P ro p o rt io n o f vi lla g e s w ith fu n ct io n a l F N S C • N u m b e r o f m o d e l v ill a g e s e st a b lis h e d a n d s u st a in e d • P a rt ic ip a to ry d e ve lo p m e n t a p p ro a ch • M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r C o m m u n ity D e ve lo p m e n t • F N C • N G O s • L o ca l A u th o ri tie s • L o ca l G o ve rn m e n t • T ra d iti o n a l le a d e rs 6 1 ,0 0 0 F N C a n d F N S C s a re a d e q u a te ly r e so u rc e d t o ca rr y o u t in st itu tio n a l co o rd in a tio n a n d m a n a g e m e n t L in e m in is tr ie s h a ve fil le d t h e ir p o st s fo r e ff e ct iv e m u lti -s e ct o ra l co o rd in a tio n • T u rn o ve r o f p e rs o n n e l i n g o ve rn a n ce st ru ct u re s • To s tr e n g th e n m u lti - se ct o ra l r e sp o n se to r e d u ce m a ln u tr iti o n • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le fo r H e a lth • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le fo r A g ri c u ltu re • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le fo r S o c ia l W e lfa re • M in is tr y re s p o n s ib le fo r L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t • F N S C s • M in is tr y r e s p o n s ib le fo r F in a n c e • F N C • P e rm a n e n t S e c re ta ri e s f o r D e v o lu tio n 4 0 0 ,0 0 G o a l 3 : E n h a n ce fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n g o ve rn a n ce a t a ll le ve ls 1 . S tr e n g th e n in st itu tio n a l co o rd in a tio n m e ch a n is m s a n d m a n a g e m e n t o f m u lti -s e ct o ra l e ff o rt s • • T o ta l B u d g e t 5 ,5 9 0 ,0 0 0 • N u m b e r o f su b -n a tio n a l fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty st ru ct u re s e st a b lis h e d • N u m b e r o f fu n ct io n a l f o o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e cu ri ty co m m itt e e s • P ro p o rt io n o f n a tio n a l b u d g e t a llo ca te d t o w a rd s fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n s e ct o rs • N u m b e r o f co m m itt e e s se t u p f o r se ct o r F N S co o rd in a tio n • N u m b e r o f st a ke h o ld e rs tr a in e d o n F N S • P ro p o rt io n o f S e ct o rs w ith fo o d n u tr iti o n s e n si tiv e p la n s • P ro p o rt io n o f se ct o r b u d g e t a llo ca te d t o w a rd s fo o d a n d n u tr iti o n Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 In line with the devolution agenda the MFNSS will be implemented through the multisectoral decentralised structures (Figure 11) to attain the set objectives. Local Development Councils will have a critical role in coordinating the implementation of the strategy. The lead sectors will be fully accountable for attainment of the MFNSS set goals. 12.1 Cabinet Committee on Food and Nutrition Security The high-level Cabinet Committee on Food and Nutrition Security chaired by the Honourable Vice- President, has the primary mandate of facilitating the effective implementation of the Multisectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy. It provides the necessary political leadership and effective coordination of the various sectors. It shall allocate the resources that are required and set an enabling environment for the implementation of the Strategy. A Working Party of Permanent Secretaries whose Ministers are members of the Cabinet Committee on Food and Nutrition Security shall assist in and will be responsible for the implementation of the MFNSS through the various Government ministries and parastatals which they represent. Each sector ministry will budget for and implement strategies allocated to it in the MFNSS in collaboration with other relevant stakeholders. They will mainstream MFNSS indicators into their RBM targets, periodically evaluate effectiveness and share lessons with others executing the above-stated roles. CHAPTER 12. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Figure 11: (Source: Adapted from the FNSP). Structures for the Implementation of the MFNSS 116 Cabinet Cabinet Committee on Food and Nutrition Security Chaired by The Honorable Vice President High Level Multi- stakeholder Food and Nutrition Forum ZIMVAC (Gov & non Gov) Advisory (Gov & non Gov) Provincial Development Committee Provincial Food and Nutrition Security Committees District Development Committees District Food and Nutrition Security Committees Sub-District (Ward and Village) Food and Nutrition Security Committees Food and Nutrition Council National Food and Nutrition Security Committee Working Party of Permanent Secretaries Chaired by the Deputy Chief Secretary Technical Committee-Chaired by the Permanent Secretary in the OPC 12.2 The Food and Nutrition Council The Food and Nutrition Council will promote a cohesive national response to the prevailing household food and nutrition insecurity through coordinated multi-sectoral action. It will promote food and nutrition security on the broader national economic and development agenda through strategic policy analysis and advice. The FNC will co-ordinate and promote multi-sectoral approaches to address food and nutrition insecurity through implementation of evidence-based nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions. The FNC will play a critical ''watchdog'' role in monitoring progress as well as mobilising resources for the successful implementation of this Multisectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy. 3 An Advisory group for food and nutrition security comprising representatives from Government, UN, donors, NGOs, and academia, shall provide a forum for dialogue and consensus-building on national food and nutrition security issues. 12.3 Decentralised Structures Responsible for Implementation of Food and Nutrition Security The strategy will be implemented through structures at the following levels a. National b. Provincial c. District d. Ward and village level The above structures will be feeding into the Development Committees at each level. The Food and Nutrition Security Committees are responsible for the coordination of food and nutrition security programmes, prioritising responses in line with the FNSP and strategy, monitoring allocation of resources and gaps, monitoring the implementation of programmes, providing technical advice to lower-level structures and are informed by FNS assessments. Members of the FNSCs include members from, at the very least, ministries responsible for health, agriculture, labour and social services, local government, education, water, gender, community development, with the participation of UN agencies, NGOs and Civil Society. The Food and Nutrition Security Committees will ensure that FNS is an integral component of planning under the development committees. Each individual ministry or sector representative will have accountability towards multisectoral collaboration that is reflected in their administrative arrangements and procedures. 12.4 Roles and Responsibilities of Lead Sector Ministries and Agencies in Food and Nutrition Security The lead and supporting ministries or authorities for specific key result areas are summarised in Table 9. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 12. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 117 C o m m it m e n t L e a d M in is tr y o r A u th o ri ty S u p p o rt in g m in is tr ie s C o m m itm e n t I: P o lic y A n a ly si s a n d A d vi ce O ffi ce o f th e P re si d e n t a n d C a b in e t ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r fin a n c e a n d e c o n o m ic p la n n in g ; h e a lt h ; a g ri c u lt u re ; la b o u r a n d s o ci a l s e rv ic e s; g e n d e r; l o c a l g o v e rn m e n t; t ra n s p o rt ; w a te r; e n vi ro n m e n t; in d u st ry ; sc ie n ce a n d t e c h n o lo g y ; p ri m a ry a n d t e rt ia ry e d u ca tio n , in fr a st ru ct u re , in fo rm a ti o n , s m a ll a n d m e d iu m e n te rp ri s e s a n d la n d s C o m m itm e n t II : A g ri cu ltu re a n d F o o d S e cu ri ty M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r A g ri cu ltu re ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth , la b o u r a n d s o c ia l s e rv ic e s , fi n a n c e a n d e co n o m ic p la n n in g , e d u ca tio n , g e n d e r, e d u c a ti o n , lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t, w a te r, tr a n sp o rt , e n vi ro n m e n t, in d u st ry , s c ie n c e a n d t e c h n o lo g y, l a n d s , h o m e a ff a ir s, e n e rg y, in fo rm a tio n , in fr a s tr u c tu re , a n d s m a ll a n d m e d iu m e n te rp ri se s. C o m m itm e n t II I: S o ci a l A ss is ta n ce M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r L a b o u r a n d S o ci a l S e rv ic e s ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r a g ri cu lt u re , h e a lt h , fi n a n c e , e d u c a ti o n , g e n d e r, lo ca l g o ve rn m e n t, w a te r, t ra n sp o rt , e n v ir o n m e n t, i n d u s tr y, s c ie n c e a n d te ch n o lo g y, la n d s, s m a ll a n d m e d iu m e n te rp ri s e s a n d i n fo rm a ti o n a n d p u b lic ity . C o m m itm e n t IV : F o o d S a fe ty a n d S ta n d a rd s A u th o ri ty f o r fo o d s a fe ty a n d st a n d a rd s a n d M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth a n d a g ri cu ltu re ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r im p o rt /e x p o rt , b o rd e r c o n tr o l, a g ri c u lt u re , h e a lt h , e d u ca tio n , la b o u r a n d s o ci a l s e rv ic e s , g e n d e r, l o c a l g o v e rn m e n t, w a te r, tr a n sp o rt , in d u st ry , sc ie n ce a n d t e c h n o lo g y, i n fr a s tr u c tu re a n d s m a ll a n d m e d iu m e n te rp ri se s fin a n ce a n d i n fo rm a ti o n . C o m m itm e n t V : N u tr iti o n S e cu ri ty M in is tr y re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r a g ri cu lt u re , la b o u r a n d s o c ia l s e rv ic e s , g e n d e r, e d u ca tio n , lo ca l g o ve rn m e n t, w a te r, t ra n s p o rt , in d u s tr y, e n v ir o n m e n t, sc ie n ce a n d t e ch n o lo g y, in fr a st ru c tu re a n d i n fo rm a ti o n a n d p u b lic it y, p u b lic se rv ic e , in fo rm a tio n , co m m u n ic a ti o n a n d t e c h n o lo g y, l a n d a n d s m a ll a n d m e d iu m e n te rp ri se s. C o m m itm e n t V I: I n fo rm a tio n : A ss e ss m e n t, A n a ly si s a n d E a rl y W a rn in g Z IM S T A T /F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r a g ri cu lt u re , la b o u r a n d s o c ia l s e rv ic e s , g e n d e r, cl im a te , lo ca l g o ve rn m e n t, w a te r, e d u c a ti o n , e n v ir o n m e n t, s c ie n c e a n d te ch n o lo g y, la n d , in d u st ry , co m m e rc e , to u ri s m , in fo rm a ti o n c o m m u n ic a ti o n a n d t e ch n o lo g y a n d e a rl y w a rn in g . C o m m itm e n t V II : N a tio n a l C a p a ci ty f o r F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n S e cu ri ty F o o d a n d N u tr iti o n C o u n ci l ● M in is tr ie s re sp o n si b le f o r h e a lth , a g ri c u lt u re , la b o u r a n d s o c ia l s e rv ic e s , e d u ca tio n , g e n d e r, lo ca l g o ve rn m e n t, w a te r, e n v ir o n m e n t, s c ie n c e a n d te ch n o lo g y, in fo rm a tio n a n d p u b lic it y, l a n d s , s m a ll a n d m e d iu m e n te rp ri s e s , in fo rm a tio n c o m m u n ic a tio n a n d t e c h n o lo g y, h ig h e r a n d t e rt ia ry e d u c a ti o n e co n o m ic p la n n in g , in fr a st ru ct u re a n d i n d u s tr y. T a b le 9 : K e y R e s u lt A re a a n d L e a d S e c to r M in is tr ie s o r A g e n c ie s Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 12. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 118 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 1: Harmonise exis�ng and emerging policies, strategies and guidelines that promote food and nutri�on security by 2025 7. Ensure that relevant policies that promote the use of locally produced products are used by all stakeholders • Buy-in and commitment among stakeholders to use policies that promote the use of locally produced products • Low interest and commitment among stakeholders • Number of policies reviewed and amended 20 25 25 70,000 8. Provide policy support for capacita�on of local producers of crops and livestock to improve local produc�on output • Strong support from local producers • Expected profits from local investments are high • Existence of adequate resources (land, water, labour, finance) to support produc�on • Inefficient use of resources • Insecurity of land tenure and water shortages • Unfavourable clima�c condi�ons • Lack of commitment from other sectors • Water crisis and power outages • Policy support in place for capacita�on of local producers 20 20 20 60,000 9. Ensure that na�onal policies promote income growth among the labour endowed food and nutri�on insecure households • Commitment by Government to redistribute income • Proficient use of resources to raise rural incomes • Marginalised groups have a voice in budget alloca�on • Inefficient use of resources transferred to the poor • Propor�on of the popula�on that is food insecure Poverty headcount disaggregated by rural / urban 20 20 10 50,000 13.1 Annex 1. Key Result Area 1 - Policy Analysis and Advice 10. Promote inclusive engagement of all relevant FNS stakeholders up to subna�onal level on policy development processes • Willingness to consult widely on policy development processes • Preference for top-down approach by policy makers • Propor�on of provincial, district and ward commi�ees with development plans incorpora�ng FNS priori�es 20 20 20 60,000 119 Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 11. Support the financial services sector with risk- reducing, risk- sharing policy and related instruments to promote lending that has a bias towards agri-based loans. • Willingness of Financial ins�tu�ons to invest in agriculture to boost food produc�on and agricultural incomes • Favourable Clima�c condi�ons • Open credit lines of lending to agriculture • The central bank invests in the crea�on of a district data base/credit bureau for farmers • Less risky non- agricultural enterprises crowd out agricultural enterprises in access to finance • Abuse of loan funds by beneficiaries • Adverse impacts of climate change • Interna�onal price instability affects viability of agriculture • Macroeconom ic instability increases interest rates and number of defaulters • Risk-reducing / sharing instruments introduced and policies and regula�ons put in place to protect financial ins�tu�ons willing to lend without collateral 15 15 15 45,000 12. Analyse exis�ng policies to assess whether they are nutri�on sensi�ve, gender sensi�ve and promote inclusion of the vulnerable groups • Willingness by stakeholders to change policies and make them more nutri�on- sensi�ve • Inflexibility of funders and implementers to adapt interven�ons and make them more nutri�on sensi�ve • Number of Policies reviewed and amended to be nutri�on, gender sensi�ve and inclusive of vulnerable groups 15 20 20 55,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 120 13.1 Annex 1. Key Result Area 1 - Policy Analysis and Advice Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 2: Conduct evidence- based advocacy and communica� on for food and nutri�on security by 2025 5. Advocate for response to food and nutri�on security issues • Infrastructure is strategically posi�oned closer to and within the target popula�on • Food and nutri�on security remains high priority in na�onal development strategy • Compe��on for inves�ble funds with non- agricultural sectors • Number of food and nutri�on programmes responding to food and nutri�on security priori�es • Increase in percentage of sector budget alloca�ons towards food and nutri�on security 15 15 15 45,000 6. Promote food and nutri�on research in Zimbabwe • Interest by local, regional and interna�onal ins�tu�ons to forge strategic research linkages on food and nutri�on security • Availability of funding for academic and research ins�tu�ons to par�cipate in food and nutri�on security research • Research not considered a priority for budget alloca�on • Inadequate research skills • Number of new Research, Development and Innova�ons that promote 20 20 20 60,000 • School dropout rates • Closure of schools due to pandemics or social unrest • Cultural/ religious beliefs that do not support pro-nutri�on • Propor�on of learners with theory and prac�cal skills on food and nutri�on enhanced through the Educa�on sector 15 15 15 45,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 121 13.1 Annex 1. Key Result Area 1 - Policy Analysis and Advice Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 8. Disseminate strategic and policy documents to all stakeholder s in all official languages • Stakeholders are willing to par�cipate in na�onal and subna�onal dissemina�on s • Stakeholders have resources to access materials published through the media and internet • Lack of interest in policy documents • Lack of resources to access materials in the public domain • Inadequate resource alloca�on to support policy implementa� on • Number of policy instruments in place (translated in all official languages 25 25 25 75,000 Goal 3: Monitor and evaluate implementa� on of policies, strategies and guidelines that support food and nutri�on security by 2025 5. Develop sector- specific monitoring and evalua�on frameworks that track implementa �on of mul�- sectoral food and nutri�on ac�vi�es • Government con�nues to implement Integrated Results-Based Management in sectors • Under-funding of monitoring and evalua�on ac�vi�es • Failure to implement recommendat ions from monitoring reports • Fluctua�ng market prices for agricultural products affect investments in food and nutri�on sector • Unforeseen disasters may cause resources to be channelled elsewhere depriving the nutri�on sector • Propor�on of func�onal sectors with MFNSS Monitoring framework 30 30 20 80,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 122 13.1 Annex 1. Key Result Area 1 - Policy Analysis and Advice Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 6. Develop tools for tracking sector global and na�onal financial commitmen ts towards food and nutri�on security • Interest exists among food and nutri�on stakeholders to self-report on budget alloca�on, disbursement and u�lisa�on using budget tracking tools • Failure to avail budget data or disbursements • Number of budget tracking tools developed 50 50 30 130,000 7. Increase capacity and resource alloca�on for decentralise d Monitoring and Evalua�on (M & E) of Food and Nutri�on policies, programme s and projects • Relevant skills are available to undertake M&E ac�vi�es • Staff turnover in M&E units of key food and nutri�on security sector Ministries, Departments and Agencies • Number of sectors capacitated in M&E for FNS 30 30 30 90,000 Total Budget 295,000 305,000 265,000 865,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 123 13.1 Annex 1. Key Result Area 1 - Policy Analysis and Advice 13.2 Annex 2. Key Result Area 2 - Agriculture and Food Security Annual Budget (000) Goals for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goals Assump�ons Risks Indicators Yr 1 Yr2 Yr 3 Total Budget (USD) Goal 1: To become food self-sufficient in cereals, hor�culture, livestock, legumes and aquaculture at na�onal level by 2025 1. Promote gender and nutri�on sensi�ve agriculture capacita�on of farmers for full, efficient, sustainable and produc�ve u�lisa�on of land and water resources • Adequate financing for all agriculture ac�vi�es. • Natural hazards/ disasters such as droughts, veld fires, cyclones, hailstorms or floods • Vandalism of agricultural infrastructure • The� of produce • Quan�ty of meat (beef, pork, poultry, goat and sheep), milk and eggs produced • Quan�ty of cereal (maize, wheat, tradi�onal grains) produc�on (tonnes) per cropping season • Quan�ty of hor�culture produced • Quan�ty of fish produced • Average crop yield • Livestock o�ake • Calving / kidding/ lambing rate • Carcass weight • Milk per cow/ day • Area planted to different crops 7000 0 7000 0 6000 0 20,000,000 2. Promote produc�on and consump�on of tradi�onal grain crops and small stock (sorghum, millets, cow peas, poultry and rabbits) • Efficient, affordable and �meous input supply • Unforeseen circumstances such as low farmer uptake of technologies. • Percentage increase in area under tradi�onal grains • Percentage increase in yield under tradi�onal grains • Propor�on of farmers involved in con�nuous produc�on of specific crops (e.g. tradi�onal grains) • Percentage increase in households with small stock (e.g. poultry, goats) 3000 3000 2000 8,000,000 3. Improve ins�tu�onal capacity of agricultural research (to improve produc�vity of crop and livestock through improved gene�cs), technical training and extension services (crop and livestock extension officers and veterinary extension officers) • Research and development remain top priority in budget alloca�on • Capacitated agricultural service providers • Weak research- educa�on-farmer linkages • Under-funding of research and development • Staff turnover in research ins�tu�ons • Propor�on of motorised extension staff • Propor�on of extension staff equipped with ICT gadgets • Propor�on of budget allocated to agriculture • Propor�on of budget allocated to agricultural research 20000 20000 20000 60,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 124 4. Promote the use of biotechnology and e- agriculture to improve and promote high yielding varie�es/hybrids including bio for�fied crops • Availability of agricultural funding from lending ins�tu�ons • Mobile phone access by farmers • Limited local exper�se • Resistance to the use of biotech • Economic instability • Unstable internet connec�vity • Percentage increase in number of people adop�ng biotechnology, post- harvest handling and storage technology as well as e-agriculture • Percentage increase in number of farmers adop�ng ICT based advisory services • Area under bio for�fied crops • Propor�on of households growing bio for�fied crops • Propor�on of households using cer�fied seed 40000 40000 20000 10,000,000 Annual Budget (000) Goals for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goals Assump�ons Risks Indicators Yr 1 Yr2 Yr 3 Total Budget (USD) 5. Promote reduc�on of pre-and post-harvest losses and improved handling, storage technologies, food preserva�on and food conserva�on processes • Favourable, consistent policies • Capacitated agricultural service providers • Availability of well- func�oning agricultural markets • Availability of electricity for processing machinery • Pest outbreaks (insect infesta�on) • Natural disasters (water damage to storage facili�es) • Trading of ineffec�ve pes�cides by unscrupulous businesses • Resistance to adop�on of new technologies by farmers • % reduc�on in post- harvest losses • Propor�on of farmers prac�cing improved food preserva�on methods • Percentage increase in number of farmers involved in on-farm processing income genera�ng projects • Percentage increase in household income 12000 1750 8000 21,750,000 6. Reviewing contract farming provisions to become more binding and include �mely payments; infla�on indexed producer prices and establishing a stop-order system to strengthen and promote contract farming to cover all crops and livestock. • Fair and effec�ve pricing system • Interest by private sector and farmers to venture info contract farming . • Under-performing contract farming systems (side marke�ng and poor pricing models) • Unfavourable clima�c condi�ons reduce output • Propor�on of farmers par�cipa�ng in contract farming arrangements • Propor�on of small- scale farmers trea�ng farming as a business • 7000 7000 6000 2,000,000 7. Intensify the design, construc�on and rehabilita�on of sustainable and nutri�on-sensi�ve irriga�on infrastructure • Adequate financing for all agriculture ac�vi�es. • Irrigable land is available and can be secured • Equitable geographical distribu�on of irriga�on schemes • Produc�on of diverse crops • Sustainable management of irriga�on • Natural hazards/ disasters such as droughts, veld fires, cyclones, hailstorms or floods • High cost of energy • The� of equipment • Func�onal area under irriga�on • Number of new irriga�on schemes constructed • Propor�on of irriga�on schemes that are func�onal • Number of irriga�on schemes by district • Number of village nutri�on gardens established 25000 35000 11000 71,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 125 13.2 Annex 2. Key Result Area 2 - Agriculture and Food Security Annual Budget (000) Goals for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goals Assump�ons Risks Indicators Yr 1 Yr2 Yr 3 Total Budget (USD) 8. Strengthen animal and crop health and nutri�on, disease surveillance and control • Well-funded surveillance systems • Pandemic out- breaks (e.g. COVID- 19) • Number of disease surveillance reports produced and disseminated • Livestock Mortality rate (ca�le, sheep, goats, poultry) • Livestock disease prevalence, e.g., theileriosis • Number of livestock vaccinated • Number of new dip tanks • Number of rehabilitated dip tanks • Propor�on of livestock farmers with access to animal health centres/service 17000 20000 8000 45,000,000 9. Promote Good Agricultural Prac�ces (GAP) across the whole value chain Willingness by farmers to adopt Good Agricultural Prac�ces High input and labour costs • Number of demonstra�ons • Number of farmers trained • Number of farmers who adopted GAP • Increased produc�on levels of crops and livestock 200 400 400 1,000,000 1 Promote crop and livestock diversifica�on at household level • Willingness by farmers to adopt new technologies and diversify produc�on • Natural hazards/ disasters such as droughts or cyclones might reduce agricultural output. • Propor�on of households with an acceptable food consump�on score. • Crop diversifica�on Index • Propor�on of households producing livestock 10000 10000 5000 25,000,000 Goal 3: Increase the domes�c produc�on, supply and consump�on of foods rich in micronutrients by 2025 1. Promote adop�on of available, tradi�onal and new biofor�fied varie�es of crops such as biofor�fied orange maize, biofor�fied beans, high iron & protein millet and orange fleshed sweet potatoes through agricultural extension support, input packages and output processing, market linkages facilita�on and consumer educa�on for demand crea�on • Willingness of farmers to try and adopt bio- for�fied crops • Tastes and preferences of consumers (e.g., orange maize and small grains). • Propor�on of households producing biofor�fied varie�es of crops • Number of farmers trained in produc�on of biofor�fied crops • Number of food products cer�fied for for�fica�on • Quan�ty of biofor�fied crops produced 2000 2000 1000 5,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 126 13.2 Annex 2. Key Result Area 2 - Agriculture and Food Security Annual Budget (000) Goals for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goals Assump�ons Risks Indicators Yr 1 Yr2 Yr 3 Total Budget (USD) 2. Increase availability of cer�fied bio for�fied seed on the market • Willingness of seed houses and agro- dealers to produce and market bio for�fied seed, respec�vely. • Lack of buy-in and coopera�on from seed houses and agro-dealers • Number of seed houses producing biofor�fied cer�fied seed • Number of agro- dealers selling biofor�fied cer�fied seed 10000 5000 5000 20,000,000 3. Promote and increase produc�on of fruit trees and herbs at household level • Availability of adequate water (rainfed and underground) • Natural hazards/ disasters such as droughts or cyclones might reduce agricultural output. • Number of trees planted • Number of orchards established 2000 3000 1500 6,500,000 4. Establish community fishponds and stocking of fish in dams • Willingness by farmers to adopt aquaculture • Resources to support aquaculture extension services • Propaga�on of Invasive Species. • Contamina�on of Water and Threatens Health. • Affects Wild Fish Popula�on. • Number of fishponds established • Number of dams stocked with fish • Quan�ty of fish produced 1000 1000 5000 7,000,000 5. Promote produc�on and consump�on of small stock’s meat, milk and eggs • Willingness to adopt produc�on of small stock like rabbits • Milking goats and use of goat milk • Water availability/ • quality that can affect aquaculture produc�on • Number of households into small stock produc�on (poultry, rabbits, goats) 1. Diversify and scale-up nutri�on and gender-sensi�ve produc�on of emerging high- value crops such as blueberries, raspberry, macadamia nuts, chia, and saffron which have high demand on the local and export markets • A�rac�ve producer prices • Non-restric�ve trade policies to encourage export by farmers • Viability of farmers inves�ng in emerging high- value crops • Restric�ve export requirements • Poor road network and unstable markets • Percentage increase in number of farmers adop�ng diversified emerging crops • Propor�on of quan��es of emerging crops available on the market • Export revenue from high-value crops 500 500 300 1,300,000 2. Strengthen the domes�c hor�cultural markets in major ci�es • Availability of well- func�oning agricultural markets locally and abroad • Willingness by traders to formalise • Economic instability • Number of domes�c hor�cultural markets strengthened • Propor�on of farmers with access to formalised domes�c hor�cultural markets 400 400 200 1,000,000 3. Promote cluster development in agriculture focusing on high-value food and cash crops, as well as livestock, aquaculture, apiculture and forest and �mber-based products • Availability of good road network in rural areas to access markets for hor�culture products which are mostly perishable • Poor road networks and improper markets. • Number of private sector investments s�mulated along the value chain for priority commodi�es • Number of produc�ve agricultural clusters • Number of clusters trained and formalized 2000 2000 1000 5,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 127 13.2 Annex 2. Key Result Area 2 - Agriculture and Food Security Goal 4: Increase the proportion of households with improved source of livelihoods by 2025 Annual Budget (000) Goals for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goals Assump�ons Risks Indicators Yr 1 Yr2 Yr 3 Total Budget (USD) Goal 5: Increase by 20% per year the propor�on of farmers adop�ng climate-smart agriculture prac�ces 1. Encourage integrated soil fer�lity management prac�ces • Labour is available to prac�ce soil fer�lity management prac�ces at farm level • Slow uptake by communi�es to adopt new methods of farming (e.g. adop�on of small grains that are drought tolerant) • Percentage increase in agricultural output • Number of soil management prac�ces promoted 500 1000 500 2,000,000 2. Promote and upscale the use of CSA (Climate Smart Agriculture) technologies in crop and livestock produc�on • • Availability of well-func�oning agricultural markets Availability of labour and machinery for CSA • Resistance to adop�on of new technologies by farmers • Percentage increase in farmers prac�sing climate smart agriculture technologies in livestock produc�on (small stock) • Propor�on of farmers prac�sing climate smart agriculture technologies (conserva�on agriculture, water harves�ng) • Percentage increase in crop yields 3. Conduct research on sustainable resource use efficiency in farming • Use of appropriate methods of farming • Inappropriate and unsustainable farming methods • Percentage increase in agricultural output • Percentage increase in crop yields 10 30 10 50,000 4. Establish sustainable livestock/ rangeland produc�on and management, including ac�ve promo�on of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. • Availability of land • Compe��on for land between arable and grazing land • Number of grazing/ rangeland management schemes established • Livestock carrying capacity of rangelands in livestock units per hectare (LU/ha) 3000 5000 1600 9,600,000 Total Budget 609,200,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 128 13.2 Annex 2. Key Result Area 2 - Agriculture and Food Security 225 610 227 080 156 510 Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual budget Total Budget (USD) Yr 1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 1: Relevant programs under social protec�on are nutri�on- sensi�ve by 2025 4. Roll-out appropriate and inclusive (gender, disability, and age specific) nutri�on - sensi�ve informa�on packages (e.g., braille, sign language) through relevant social protec�on interven�ons • There will be adequate funding from the government and its partners to support the strategies • Reduced donor and government funding • Propor�on of households reached with informa�on packages • Number of materials developed 0 10 10 20,000 5. Distribute a nutri�on- sensi�ve Food Deficit Mi�ga�on package by 2025 • There will be adequate resources • Lack of resources to make the programme sustainable • Propor�on of vulnerable households with acceptable HDDS • Propor�on of vulnerable households with acceptable FCS 5 10 0 15,000 6. Strengthen mul�-sectoral linkages of the Educa�on, Agriculture, Health, Social Protec�on, Finance, Women Affairs and Youth for the sustainability of the Home- grown School Feeding Programme • Policy alignment • Every primary school providing one hot balanced meal per learner per day of the annual school calendar • Phase 3 of the HGSFP will begin in 2022 and extend school meals to secondary schools • Inadequate resources to make the programme sustainable • over-reliance on the fiscus leading to incomplete provision of school meals per calendar school year • Number of learners provided with one hot balanced school meal/school day • Propor�on of food items purchased from smallholder farmers • Number of schools implemen�ng the HGSFP • Number of SP ins�tu�ons where the HGSFP is promoted • Comple�on rate of learners • Pass rate • School dropout rate 15 15 15 45,000 13.3 Annex 3: Key Result Area 3 - Social Protection Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 129 Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual budget Total Budget (USD) Yr 1 Yr2 Yr3 7. Rollout the nutri�on and health programme (deworming, measuring height, weight, nutri�on and health educa�on, micronutrient supplementa�o n) in all ins�tu�ons providing social protec�on services. • Availability of resources • Lack of funding/ resources • Number of SP ins�tu�ons where nutri�on and health programme are rolled out 15 15 10 40,000 1. Digitalize an all- inclusive Social Protec�on Database that is reliable and accessible to all partners • The Ministry/ department responsible for social development has the necessary equipment human manpower and exper�se to implement the key strategies. • Inadequate funding • lack of resources such as human, financial and technical • Non con�nuity of programmes implemented • exclusion and inclusion errors • Propor�on of districts in Zimbabwe with digitalised registers of vulnerable groups • Number of vulnerable people captured in the data base • Number of verifica�on processes conducted 20 20 25 65,000 2. Build capacity of the Department of Social Development to use the database for beneficiary selec�on. • There is need for adequate funding from the government and its partners • The data base may not be u�lised • Poli�cal interference • Number of officers capacitated. 55 55 55 165,000 3. Harmonise targe�ng of SP interven�ons • Hard to reach areas with most vulnerable popula�on is captured in the database • There is coordina�on between Government and relevant stakeholders • Dependency syndrome from the targeted vulnerable popula�on • Inconsistencies with regards to standards of opera�on • Number of people receiving social assistance 0 0 0 0 4. Develop minimum standards and guidelines for food aid support and cash support to meet nutri�onal needs for all the vulnerable groups • Government and partners to allocate resources for this ac�vity • The minimum standards may s�ll not be used if not enforced • Availability of the minimum standards for all players in the food assistance sector 1,400,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 130 Goal 2: Increase coverage of social assistance rendered to those iden�fied vulnerable from 65% in 2020 to 85% by 2025 13.3 Annex 3: Key Result Area 3 - Social Protection Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual budget Total Budget (USD) Yr 1 Yr2 Yr3 5. Ensure adequate repor�ng and monitoring mechanisms are put in place • Willingness of stakeholders • Repor�ng structures are available and are func�onal • Lack of skills to use the monitoring systems • Availability of monitoring and repor�ng mechanisms • Propor�on of stakeholders u�lising the repor�ng mechanism 258 258 258 774,000 6. Scale-up the provision of inclusive social assistance through ra�onalisa�on of beneficiaries to ensure they receive the much needed and relevant social assistance for enhanced FNS. • Par�cipa�on of stakeholders • Corrup�on • Exclusion and inclusion errors. • Number of deserving people that receive SP assistance • Propor�on of vulnerable households targeted for Supplementary Feeding Programme 0 0 0 0 1. Increase livelihoods support for the vulnerable groups. • Enabling macro and micro economic policies which are favourable to vulnerable popula�ons • More extreme weather events than hitherto experienced • Propor�on of households par�cipa�ng in income genera�ng projects • Copying strategy index • Resilience capacity index 165,000 2. Capacitate community structures such as Community Child Protec�on Commi�ees, WADCOs and VIDCOs Isiphala seNkosi / Zunde raMambo • Enabling macro and micro economic policies which are favourable to vulnerable popula�ons • Unforeseen circumstances e, g., COVID-19 • Number of community structures capacitated • Number of func�onal community SP structures 2095 2095 2095 6,285,000 3. Customise livelihood programmes to suit nature of vulnerability e.g., for Persons with Disabili�es, chronically ill, etc • The vulnerable are willing to engage in livelihood ac�vi�es Lack of knowledge and exposure • Number of vulnerable households engaging in tailor-made livelihood ac�vi�es 5000 5000 4000 14,000,000 4. Implement livelihood projects that use labour saving technologies • All the vulnerable groups have access to the financial means to purchase the labour-saving technologies • Quality of the technologies may not be durable, hence the desired results may not be a�ained. • Number of labour-saving technologies dispensed • Number of women accessing labour saving technologies 2,250.2 2,250.2 2,250.200 6,750,600 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 131 13.3 Annex 3: Key Result Area 3 - Social Protection Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual budget Total Budget (USD) Yr 1 Yr2 Yr3 5. Advocate for development, rehabilita�on and design of food and nutri�on infrastructure during community works that improves food security at household and community level • Road and Transport Authori�es have access to funding • Communi�es are willing to par�cipate • Development partners and PPP players are willing to provide technical, material and financial resources • Suppor�ve community development policies • Stable socio- economic environment • Community resistance t • Inadequate funding • Community par�cipa�on in infrastructure development projects may be unsustainable • Vola�le environment • Natural Disasters • Number of Roads rehabilitated • Length of new roads (km)constructed • Number of agribusiness markets rehabilitated/co nstructed • Number of Food and Nutri�on demonstra�on sites established • Number of grain silos constructed • Number of HGSFP school kitchens constructed 0 6,100 6,100 12,200,000 6. Promote the consump�on of locally produced foods under the HGSFP • Diversified food consump�on will improve the nutri�onal outcomes of the HGSFP • Demand for locally produced foods will create employment and improve livelihoods among small scale producers and agro-processors • Reliance on imported and highly processed commercial food items • Unfavourable procurement regula�ons • Number of schools implemen�ng HGSF Program • Quan�ty of locally produced foods purchased by schools • Value of foods purchased locally by schools • Comple�on rate of learners • Pass rate • School drop-out rate 100 100 50 250,000 7. Develop a nutri�on sensi�ve school health coordinator training package • Every has school health coordinator • Lack of resources to capacitate the school health • Number of Guidelines developed • Number of school health coordinators trained 0 100 150 250,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 132 13.3 Annex 3: Key Result Area 3 - Social Protection 8. Advocate for func�onal, sustainable and reliable water sources for the HGSFP • Resources are available • Some schools may be in areas unsuitable for establishing water sources • Number of schools with func�onal and reliable water sources • Number of schools implemen�ng techno-survey water sources (promo�ng water harves�ng technologies, drip irriga�on etc) • Database of schools without reliable func�onal water sources • Number of schools with new water sources • Number of non- func�onal water sources rehabilitated 1000 1000 1425 3,425,000 Goal for the Next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual budget Total Budget (USD) Yr 1 Yr2 Yr3 9. Ensure a holis�c protec�on package for learners which includes clothing, take- home food packs, na�onal documenta�on as well as sta�onery for OVC. • Availability of funds • Government unable to fund a comprehensive package • Percentage of OVC who receive holis�c protec�on package 590,000 10. Scaling up services and integra�on of gender-based violence services in the context of food and nutri�on. • Government & partners protect, support and restore human rights. • Lack of behaviour change from communi�es Number of food and nutri�on ac�vi�es mainstreaming gender-based violence 13300 13300 13400 40,000,000 Total Budget 24,758 13,300 13,400 51,358,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 133 13.3 Annex 3: Key Result Area 3 - Social Protection 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 1: Facilitate produc�on, processing and distribu�on of safe and quality food across the crop and livestock value chains in Zimbabwe by 2025. 1. Establish and review food safety, quality regula�o ns and standards for individual crops and livestock products and ensure coordinat ion among key compete nt authori�e s along the value chain • Coordina�on and willingness among relevant sectors • Resistance to adop�on of regula�ons and standards • High cost of compliance • Number of Food Safety and Quality regula�ons and standards developed or amended. • Standard Cer�fica�on • Supplier records 400 300 300 1,000,000 2. Sensi�se, mandatorily implement and cer�fy value chain stakeholders to the local Good Agricultural Prac�ces (GAP) • Enabling policies to mandate local GAP implementa�on • Lack of resources / human personnel to implement local GAP • Lack of enabling policies • • Lack of enforcement • Propor�on of farmers implemen�ng GAP, CODEX Codes of Prac�ce, CODEX Guidelines • Number of permit issue tests conducted 400 400 200 1,000,000 Policy executor lacks empowerment 3. Sensi�se and promote mandatory implementa�on of basic Food Safety principles by all industry players e.g. SMEs, Vendors and large companies • Enabling policies to mandate food safety principles implementa �on by the SMEs, Vendors and large companies • Lack of resources to implement • Lack of enabling policies • Lack of enforcement • Porous borders • Propor�on of Food Industry players inspected and licensed. • Propor�on of Food Businesses implemen�ng Food Safety principles (GHP, HACCP) 400 300 300 1,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 134 Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 4. Test and enforce compliance to set food safety and quality regula�ons and standards. • Enabling environment to test and enforce compliance • Centralised and limited resources for tes�ng and enforcement • Under capacitated and inadequate numbers of personnel for tes�ng and enforcement . • Number of food samples tested disaggregated by test result • Propor�on of food condemned/recalled • penal�es charged per quarter / year 3000 1500 1500 5,000,000 5. Advocate for the alignment and review of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for individual crops and livestock products. • Coordina�on and willingness among relevant stakeholders • Lack of advocacy from the relevant stakeholders • Resistance to adop�on of regula�ons and standards • High cost of compliance • Number of chemicals regula�ons and standards for individual crops and livestock products. iden�fied for alignment with interna�onal CODEX Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). • Number of regula�ons reviewed 2000 21000 1000 5,000,000 6. Capacitate CAs with adequate training, sampling techniques, monitoring equipment (Laboratory & field test kits) and enforcement of permi�ed chemicals and maximum residue limits (MRLs). • Resource availability • Availability of inspectors to be trained. • Availability of lab personnel to to be trained and capacitated. • High cost of test kits • Lack of resources to conduct effec�ve monitoring and enforcement . • Number of personnel trained. • Number of sampling equipment procured and distributed • Number of laboratory test and field test equipment procured. • Number of MRLs prosecu�ons by provinces 4000 3000 300 10,000,000 Goal 2: To increase consumer led demand for safe and quality food by 50% by 2025 1. Publicise quality and safety standards using all media forms including social media 750 750 500 2,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 135 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 2. Increase awareness on food safety and quality including permi�ed chemicals and chemicals residue limits among communi�es through use of par�cipatory approaches • • Developme nt and distribu�on of IEC material on food safety, permi�ed chemicals and chemicals residue limits • Media and consumer apathy to food safety, WASH and permi�ed residues • Number of training workshops conducted • Number of awareness crea�on campaigns 750 750 500 2,000,000 3. Ensure awareness crea�on on food safety targe�ng all stakeholders and cascade to subna�onal levels Key stakeholders to be trained not easily iden�fiable • Resource availability to implement training • Discriminator y and or nepo�sm approach in stakeholder iden�fica�on • Number of stakeholders trained • Number of ToT workshops conducted • Food Safety Trainings guidelines developed • Propor�on of the popula�on trained 4.Publicise the Consumer Protec�on Act and capacitate consumers on their rights • Not all people are aware of this regula�on, its mandate and the rights of consumers • Consumers are informed and knowledgea ble of their rights • Not enough awareness of this important piece of legisla�on • Lack of Resources • Number of awareness campaigns on the Consumer Protec�on Act 500 500 500 1,500,000 5. Risk communica�on to communi�es on post-harvest storage and hygienic food handling and prepara�on at home • Insurgence of post- harvest manageme nt issues at household & community level e.g., aflatoxin & pes�cide residues • Lack of resources to implement • Na�onal pandemics e.g., COVID- 19 restrict informa�on dissemina�o n due to lockdowns • Food insecurity (poor harvests) • Number of risk communica�on sessions conducted • Propor�on of households of households prac�sing safe post-harvest storage 500 500 500 1,500,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 136 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 3: Strengthen capacity and enforcement of na�onal food safety legisla�on throughout the crop and livestock value chain. 1.Capacitate food inspectors with adequate training, sampling techniques, transport and equipment (field test kits) • Resource availability • Capacitat ed EHPs to conduct tests • High cost of test kits • Compe�ng roles and responsibil i�es on the same personnel pool e.g., Food tes�ng Vs COVID-19 Screening • Capability of enforceme nt personnel • Number of food inspector trained and capacitated through training, transport and equipment • Number of field test kits procured and distributed 500 500 500 1,500,000 2.Ensure strengthening of enforcement of food safety standards and legisla�on for both domes�c and imported types of food • Enabling environm ent to strengthen enforcem ent of food safety standards and legisla�on • Enabling legisla�on • Adequate support resources • Financial resource constraints • Capability of enforceme nt personnel and infrastruct ures (laboratori es) • Porous borders • Corrup�on at entry points • Number of enforcement report • Number of no�ces served, and prosecu�ons done. 2000 21000 1000 5,000,000 3. Ensure mandatory for�fica�on of food (maize meal, wheat flour, sugar, oil and salt) and strengthen enforcement of the for�fica�on legisla�on. • Willingness of private sector to invest in industrial for�fica�on • Favourable/ Enabling environment for importa�on of for�fica�on equipment and for�ficants • Unreliability of u�li�es (water and electricity supply to industry) • Unfavourabl e macro- economic policies that adversely affect the manufacturing industry • Reliance on imports which do not conform to local regula�ons • Propor�on of industries complying to the for�fica�on of basic commodi�es 2000 2000 1000 5,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 137 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 4.Capacitate na�onal food safety laboratories on both chemical and microbiology tes�ng on food and water quality monitoring • Investment to equip and accredit food laboratories • Lack of investors to that cause • High cost of equipment and capacity building of personnel • Lack of a�ersales service providers for equipment e.g., servicing, calibra�on and repairs & maintenance • Number of laboratories capacitated with chemicals and microbiology tes�ng • Number of modern tes�ng equipment purchased for the laboratories. • Number of laboratories accredited and maintaining status 4000 3000 300 10,000,000 5.Harmonise efforts among industry players in suppor�ng the SUN Business Network strategic mandate • Rolling out of the SUN Business Network strategy and growth of membership • Lack of buy in of the SUN Business Network Strategy and membership • Non-vibrant SUN Business Network • Number of players in the SUN Business Network • Number of mul�- sectoral coordina�on mee�ngs conducted 1000 500 500 2,000,000 6.Enforce compliance and cer�fica�on of all locally produced and imported foods • Enabling environment and mechanisms to ensure coordinated enforcement • Limited resources for cer�fica�on and tes�ng • Capability of enforcement personnel and infrastructur es Lack of coopera�on from business industry • Porous borders • Monthly Compliance Reports • Reports of food products cer�fied quarterly and annually. • Quarterly and yearly percentage compliance for locally produced and imported products 2000 2000 1000 5,000,000 7. Advocate for broader food legisla�on reform (restric�on of marke�ng of unhealthy foods to all children including Code, consumer friendly front of pack, labelling standards etc) • All retail shops are aware and comply with the Code of Marke�ng of Breast Milk Subs�tutes (BMS) • Police force is suppor�ve of EHD prac��oners in enforcemen t and are capacitated • Profit priori�sed ahead of compliance • Corrup�on hinders enforcement • Number of retail shops complying to the Code of Marke�ng of BMS • SI 46 of 1998 on BMS amended • Reports of viola�ons on marke�ng of BMS • Labelling standards • Instruments / legisla�on reviewed/developed • Number of ins�tu�ons complying with the code (shops but pharmacies, hospitals, etc). 2000 2000 1000 5,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 138 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 8. Develop a na�onal data base for food operators and food handlers • Poli�cal will and resource availability • Limited resources to implement • Poli�cal moves barring implementa� on and enforcement • Corrup�on • Failure to implement and enforce • Food safety regula�ons, laws available on the Ministry of Health or related departments Website. • Number of publicised safety regula�ons and standards 500 500 500 1,500,000 9. Publicise quality and safety regula�ons and standards and enforce penal�es for non-compliance • Availability and willingness to adopt global best prac�se • Non- adherence to publicised best prac�ce • Food safety regula�ons, laws available on the Ministry of Health or related departments Website. • Number of publicised safety regula�ons and standards 500 500 500 1,500,000 Goal 4: Promulgate coordinated sound and relevant food safety and quality standards, legisla�on and policies by 2025 1. Establish a Na�onal Food Safety and Standards Control Authority (NFSSCA) • Enabling environm ent • Commitm ent from regulatory agencies • Recogni� on of need for NFSSCA and enabling environm ent • Lack of commitme nt among food safety actors • Unqualified and undeserving appointm ents of the membership • Na�onal Food Safety and Standards Control Authority established 2000 2000 1000 5,000,000 2. Strengthen Na�onal CODEX Commi�ee and align / harmonize na�onal legisla�on with na�onal needs and interna�onal standards and frameworks relevant to food safety. • Enabling environm ent to align and harmonise the legisla�on • Lack of proper coordina� on of relevant players • Lack of poli�cal commitment • Lack of budget for NCC • Developed Na�onal Food Safety Policy and Food Safety Act. • Presence of func�onal NCC • Number of food regula�ons reviewed aligned with Interna�onal CODEX food standards 500 500 500 1,500,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 139 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 3.Develop and support adherence to Na�onal Food Safety and Quality Policies including WASH standards • Stakeholder engagement and ac�ve par�cipa�on • Inadequate buy in from relevant ministries • Lack of harmonisa�on of relevant ministry efforts • Absence of all relevant stakeholders • Number of Na�onal Food Safety and Quality Policies developed and distributed 500 500 500 1,500,000 Goal 5: Mainstreamin g household hygiene, sanita�on and waste management in all food and nutri�on programmes in the country by 2025 1. Develop and support adherence to Na�onal WASH standards and policies. • Stakeholder engagement and ac�ve par�cipa�on • Inadequate buy in from relevant ministries. • Lack of harmonisa �on of relevant ministry efforts. of • Absence all relevant stakeholders • Number of Na�onal WASH standards and Policies developed and distributed 500 500 500 1,500,00 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 4.Develop new and review outdated food safety and quality legisla�on • Adequate resources are mobilized to facilitate the review Willingness to review and align legisla�on and standards to current best prac�ce • Compe�ng priori�es on technical and subject ma�er experts as part of the relevant stakeholders. • Food Standards Act amended • Number of legisla�ons reviewed 500 500 500 1,500,000 140 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 3. Ensure that household hygiene, safe sanita�on and waste management are priority components in addressing food andnutri�on security s • No ring fencing by local authori�es • Non availability of fund • Disharmonised efforts by development partners • Poli�cal despondency by community leadership 500 500 500 1,500,000 4. Increase awareness on household hygiene, sanita�on and waste management among communi�es through use of par�cipatory approaches • Willingness to adopt good prac�ces on hygiene, sanita�on and waste management • Media and consumer apathy to hygiene, sanita�on and waste management • Number of training workshops conducted. • Number of awareness crea�on campaigns. • Propor�on of schools with gender sensi�ve WASH facili�es 750 750 500 2,000,000. Total Budget 3700 2350 2200 8,250,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 141 • •Limited resources. • Poor community by-in of WASH requirements. • •High community donor syndrome a�tude • Community Vandalism and the�. Propor�on of people with access to safe drinking water and sanita�on. Water and Sanita�on Commi�ees revived at all levels 500 500 500 1,500.000 · Propor�on of households with access to safe domes�c water supplies · Propor�on of households with access to approved waste management system · Propor�on of households with basic sanita�on and hygiene enabling facili�es · Number of boreholes and dams constructed Number of deep and shallow water wells protected · Number of rehabilitated water re�cula�on systems • Local authori�es have resources to priori�se safe water provision and sound waste management systems. • Availability of advanced portable, safe and affordable WASH infrastructure i.e., solar powered borehole and piped water schemes • Enabling policies in promo�on of WASH ac�vi�es • Combined resource mobilisa�on by Government and development partners. • Willingness by community members to adhere to WASH requirements 13.4 Annex 4: Key Result Area 4: Food Safety, Quality and Standards 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security Goal for the next Three Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (‘000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 1: Increase propor�on of infants and young children receiving a minimum acceptable diet from 10.7% to 20% by 2025. 1. Promote nutri�on sensi�ve produc�on and consump�on of safe, diverse nutrient dense diets (including indigenous food) targe�ng all popula�on groups (not leaving out those with chronic condi�ons) • Popula�on willing and able to diversify diet • Popula�on willing to adopt best prac�ces (crop and small livestock produc�on/ • dietary prac�ces) and increase consump�on of locally available foods • Resource constrained popula�on • Compe�ng na�onal priori�es e.g., COVID-19 • Limited political will • Unwillingness to diversify crop produc�on • Na�onal disasters that affect food produc�on e.g., drought • Undermining of nutri�ous indigenous and locally available foods • Religion, myths and barriers • Propor�on of the popula�on consuming diversified diets • Number of food-based dietary guidelines revised 500 500 300 1,300,000 2. Promote op�mum ins�tu�onal and community IYCF prac�ces in the first 1000 days • Opera�on aliza�on of Communi ty Health Strategy Number of recommended nutri�on behaviours priori�sed and promoted · Propor�on of children 6-23 months consuming MAD, MMF and MDD · Early ini�a�on of breas�eeding · Number of func�onal care groups · Number of health ins�tu�ons cer�fied baby friendly 750 750 500 2,000,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 142 3. Promote, develop, and implement nutri�on related social behaviour change and communica�on strategies through both the public and private sectors targe�ng everyone and not leaving out the vulnerable groups • Enabling environment and technical competence to develop communica� on strategies • The vulnerable groups are literate enough to understand the messages given • Packaging of messages to include visual and audio messages with peculiar languages of the area • Limited competencies and restric�ve environment • Limited resources for implementa�on • Resistance to change • Vulnerable groups have limited literacy • Adop�on of new behaviours takes �me 400 300 175 875,000 Goal for the next Three Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (‘000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 143 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security Goal for the next Three Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (‘000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 4. Ensure that all malnourished people have access to nutri�on status screening and treatment that meet universally accepted minimum standards and are harmonised with other rou�ne health services • Capacity and commitment for na�onal response exists • Strong linkages between referral structures • Lack of growth monitoring equipment • Shortage of HWs and Community Health volunteers. • Lack of incen�ves for CHWs • Old age vs skills required of CHWs • Failure to keep up with technology change i.e., health demands • Pandemic and natural disaster that affect service delivery • Religious barriers • Chronic condi�ons such as diabetes and hypertension are under reported in communi�es to enable iden�fica�on and targe�ng of beneficiaries. • Propor�on of popula�on screened for malnutri�on disaggregated by type and age group • Propor�on of popula�on with malnutri�on that is properly managed disaggregated by type age group • Propor�on of popula�on with Integrated management of malnutri�on guidelines revised 4000 3000 3000 10,000,000 5. Strengthen and promote op�mal Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutri�on (MIYCN) prac�ces through standardised guidelines. • Communi�e s ac�vely take-up recommend ed MIYCN prac�ces • Lack of knowledge and food insecurity limit use of nutrient dense foods in MIYCN • Resistance to use of local foods • Unwillingness of caregivers to adopt recommended IYCF prac�ces 500 400 350 1,250,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 144 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security 6. Advocacy for increased government funding from the fiscus. • Poli�cal will • Conducive economic environment • Compe�ng na�onal priori�es • • Sub vote 3 revived 150 100 100 350,000 7. Ensure that nutri�on interven�ons (specific and sensi�ve) are in place to prevent nutri�on problems of public health concern • Adequate financial resources • Adequate equipment • Unfavourable macro-economic policies that adversely affect the manufacturing industry 2500 2500 2500 7,500,000 Goal for the next Three Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (‘000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 145 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security Goal for the next Three Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (‘000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 8. Strengthen health and nutri�on programmes in ins�tu�ons of care (schools, prisons, hospitals, children’s homes, wai�ng mothers’ shelters, homes of the elderly, rehabilita�on centres). • Health and nutri�on program rolled out in ins�tu�ons of care • Limited and incapacitated personnel • Brain drain • Number of ins�tu�ons implemen�ng health and nutri�on programmes 500 350 400 1,250,000 9. Promote nutri�on sensi�ve produc�on and consump�on of safe, diverse nutrient dense diets (including indigenous food) targe�ng all popula�on groups (not leaving out those with chronic condi�ons) • Popula�on willing and able to diversify diet • Popula�on willing to adopt best prac�ces (crop and small livestock produc�on/ • dietary prac�ces) and increase consump�on of locally available foods • Resource constrained popula�on • Compe�ng na�onal priori�es e.g., COVID-19 • Limited poli�cal will • Unwillingness to diversify crop produc�on • Na�onal disasters that affect food produc�on e.g., drought • Undermining of nutri�ous indigenous and locally available foods • Religion, myths and barriers • Propor�on of the popula�on consuming diversified diets • Number of food-based dietary guidelines revised 1. Coordinate and document food and nutri�on research ac�vi�es (including indigenous knowledge) • Availability of funding and exper�se to conduct research • Publica�on, endorsement and ac�oning of research findings and data • Existence of necessary • Resource Constraints • Number of research ac�vi�es conducted • Number of research publica�ons • Number of research hubs created 100 100 50 250,000 2. Mobilise an increase in funding towards nutri�on from the na�onal fiscus • Poli�cal will • Conducive economic environment • Compe�ng na�onal priori�es • Unconducive economic and poli�cal environment • Sub vote 3 revived 150 100 100 350,000 3. Advocate for staff establishment of nutri�onists at sub- na�onal levels in Ministry for health and other relevant ministries (e.g., WNCs, agriculture sector) • The Government funding for the staff establishment. • There are enough trained people to fill the posts • Resistance from the sectors Short tern donor funded posts • Number of sector ministries incorpora�ng nutri�on expertise in their staff establishment. 40 25 35 100,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 146 Goal 2 : Increase investment towards nutri�on and health services by 2025. 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security Goal for the next Three Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (‘000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 3: Improved nutri�ous/healt hy food choices for consumers 1. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) strengthened in the delivery of innova�ve interven�ons to alleviate nutri�on problems for their staff and in the community • Willingness by employers and employees • • Unsuppor�ve economic environment • Number of targeted companies with wellness programm es for staff · Number of private and public sector ins�tu�ons that have introduced lacta�on rooms at the workplace · Propor�on of households with acceptable Food Consump�on Score range · Propor�on of households with acceptable dietary diversity · Propor�on of women of childbearing age with acceptable MDD-W 50 50 50 150,000 2. Implement and roll out Food Based Dietary Guidelines • Funding for training and prin�ng of guidelines • Limited funding · Number of awareness campaigns done · Number of FBDG IEC materials printed and distributed • Number of sectorial engagements done 400 400 400 1,200,000 3. Provide guidelines and technical support for nutri�on sensi�ve programming across sectors • Func�onal mul�sectoral commi�ees • Limited accountability for implemen�ng nutri�on sensi�ve programming • Number of Guidelines Produced. • Number of MDAs repor�ng on nutri�on sensi�ve interven�ons 200 200 100 500,000 4. Enforcement of statutory instrument on mandatory food for�fica�on • Updated Food and Food Standards Act • Resistance from the food industry sectors • Stable economy • Number of food industries complying • Food for�fica�on strategy produced 700 500 300 1,500,000 Total Budget 10 940 9275 8360 28,575,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 147 13.5 Annex 5: Key Result Area 5: Nutrition Security 13.6 Annex 6: Key Result Area 6: Food and Nutrition Information: Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 1: A secure and integrated central repository for the storage, retrieval, maintenance and update of informa�on is established by 2025 1. Integrate and harmonize exis�ng informa�on systems on Food and Nutri�on Security within the RBM M&E framework to eliminate duplica�on of efforts and enhance stakeholder collabora�on. • Cloud storage of FNS informa�on is permi�ed by Government • Stakeholders are willing to share informa�on on food and nutri�on security openly and �mely • Stakeholder collabora�on improves • Low and weak internet network coverage • Cyber risks (hackers, viruses, Malware effects, cyber- crimes, etc.) • Frequency of dashboard updates • A handbook of food and nutri�on indicators and indicator defini�ons. • Number of harmonised RBM&E informa�on sharing workshops per year 30 30 30 90,000 2. Establish a robust informa�on portal for ease of accessing updated informa�on by stakeholders at all levels • Connec�vity (mobile, internet, etc.) expanded to reach all sectoral ins�tu�ons at all levels • High costs to access the internet • High computer illiteracy • Irregular power supply to sectoral ins�tu�ons • Provide inadequate and irrelevant informa�on to stakeholders • Number of stakeholders accessing the informa�on portal per quarter at na�onal and subna�onal level 20 20 20 40,000 3. Advocate for robust informa�on technology security systems for all sectoral ins�tu�ons at all levels • Connec�vity (mobile, internet, etc.) expanded to reach all sectoral ins�tu�ons at all levels • Cyber risks (hackers, viruses, Malware • Number of ins�tu�ons with secure ICT systems (including data protec�on procedures & guidelines) • Number of stakeholders with back-up power supply (generators and solar systems) 20 20 10 50,000 4. Ensure the incorpora�on of food and nutri�on security informa�on system in the development and opera�onalisa�o n of a government digitalisa�on strategy • Food and nutri�on security informa�on is made readily and �mely accessible to users • Low and poor internet network coverage • Number of sectors with FNS informa�on included in the government digitalised system 20 20 10 50,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 148 Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 5. Advocate for media service providers to increase coverage of food and nutri�on informa�on dissemina�on in all areas in Zimbabwe • Coverage expanded to reach all levels (community and ins�tu�onal) • Inadequate resources • High costs to access the internet • Number of media services providing food nutri�on security informa�on • Propor�on of popula�on knowledgeable on key food and nutri�on concepts. 20 20 10 50,000 Goal 2: Timely collec�on, colla�on and dissemina�on of up to date, accurate, and disaggregated food and nutri�on security informa�on by 2025 1. Promote the use of efficient data collec�on systems (e.g., mobile and web-based) a/ • The cost of mobile and web-based food and nutri�on data collec�on systems remains accessible and supply lines remain open • Internet and mobile connec�vity are available • Energy supply remains stable • Cyber risks (hackers, viruses, Malware effects, cybercrim es, etc.) • Unreliable energy to power electronic gadgets used in mobile and web- based data collec�on • Number of sectors using web-based data collec�on systems. • Propor�on of planned na�onal food and nutri�on assessments completed �mely 1300 1025 1000 3,325,000 2. Build capacity for food and nutri�on assessments and analysis . • Human resources are available and interested to par�cipate in capacity development ini�a�ves. • Resources are allocated to food and nutri�on security assessments. • Emigra�on of capacitated human resources • Human resource a�ri�on due to other causes • Number of capacity building programmes conducted • Number of cadres trained in FNS informa�on systems 150 150 50 350,000 3. Strengthen sector capacity in food and nutri�on security data collec�on, analysis, repor�ng and �mely informa�on dissemina�on, u�lisa�on and feedback • Gadgets (computers, mobile phones, tablets, etc.) for mobile and web- based food and nutri�on data are available • Staff turnover, and brain drain remains low • Cyber risks (hackers, viruses, Malware affects, cybercrimes, etc.) • Number of sectors trained in data collec�on, analysis, repor�ng and �mely informa�on dissemina�on, u�lisa�on and feedback • Number of cadres trained in data collec�on, analysis, repor�ng and �mely informa�on dissemina�on, u�lisa�on and feedback 25 25 25 75,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 149 13.6 Annex 6: Key Result Area 6: Food and Nutrition Information: Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 150 Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies Assump�ons Risks Indicator Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD) Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 4. Strengthen food and nutri�on surveillance systems. • Internet and mobile connec�vity are available • Resource availability • Unreliable energy to power electronic gadgets used in mobile and web- based data collec�on • Number of early warning reports 20 20 10 50,000 5. Develop food and nutri�on security monitoring framework. • Stakeholder willingness to par�cipate • Efficient use of resources is enhanced • • Insufficient resources • Number of sectors with tools for collec�ng indicators in the MFNSS • 20 20 10 50,000 6. Undertake joint food and nutri�on security monitoring and evalua�on • Stakeholder collabora�on improves • Efficient use of resources is enhanced • Insufficient resources • Propor�on of sectors par�cipa�ng in M&E ac�vi�es. • Number of joint M and E assessments undertaken • 100 100 50 350,000 7. Regularly update food and nutri�on security informa�on system with rou�ne programme monitoring and evalua�on data from different sectors • Good stakeholder collabora�on. • Insufficient resources. • Power cuts. • Connec�vity. • Updated informa�on system. 10 10 5 25,000 9. Increase media engagement, e.g., radio, social and print media at na�onal and subna�onal levels. • Efficient use of resources is enhanced • Insufficien t resources • Number of media engagement mee�ngs per year by type of media 5 10 10 25,000 10. Increase informa�on dissemina�on pla�orms at na�onal and subna�onal levels. • Internet and mobile connec�vity are available • Stakeholder collabora�on improves • Insufficient resources • Number of media pla�orms dissemina�ng FNS informa�on 50 30 20 100,000 8. Disseminate food and nutri�on knowledge outputs • There is demand for food and nutri�on security informa�on. • Insufficient resources • Number of food and nutri�on informa�on outputs produced • Number of people reached with FNS informa�on outputs 200 100 50 350,000 13.6 Annex 6: Key Result Area 6: Food and Nutrition Information: Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 151 Goal 3: Timely provision of climate related informa�on to households by 2025 1. Strengthen climate and weather informa�on systems to inform adapta�on and response measures • Availability of technical capacity for dissemina�ng informa�on on climate to farming areas • Some communi�es are digitally excluded • Propor�on of farmers receiving related climate informa�on • Propor�on of farmers using climate related informa�on. 50 50 50 150,000 Total Budget 2005 1610 1325 5,030,000 . 13.6 Annex 6: Key Result Area 6: Food and Nutrition Information: Assessment, Analysis and Early Warning Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 152 13.7 Annex 7: Key Result Area 7: Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities for Food and Nutrition Security Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD)Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Goal 1: All women have the capacity to safely provide for their food, health and nutri�on security needs using appropriate technologies by 2025 1. Advocate for more resources to be channelled towards interven�ons that capacitate women to safely provide for their food and nutri�on needs • Adequate budgetary alloca�on for all women Funding may not be available • Propor�on of na�onal budget allocated to all women • propor�on of women accessing financial support by type • Number of advocacy engagements done with financial ins�tu�ons • Number of advocacy material produced 4000 3000 3000 1,000,000 2. Promote increased engagement of youths including adolescents in food and nutri�on security ac�vi�es •• Conducive ins�tu�onal and policy environment • Limited commitment by line ministries to mainstream adolescents Target group resistance to par�cipate Propor�on of adolescents and youths engaged in food and nutri�on interven�ons • • Number of line ministries commi�ed to mainstreaming adolescents and youths in FNS policies and guidelines 150 100 100 350,000 3. Promote adop�on by women of new innova�ons and technologies that promote household and community food and nutri�on security • Willingness to adopt improved technologies among smallholders • Adop�on of relevant technologies might take �me • Number of new technologies/ innova�ons adopted • Propor�on of women adop�ng improved technologies • Propor�on of women headed households using FNS technology (plan�ng, weeding, harves�ng & post- harvest technologies, value addi�on, food processing & preserva�on) • Propor�on of Women and Youth par�cipa�ng in FNS interven�ons • Propor�on of community households using innova�ve FNS knowledge and technologies 30 30 18 78,000 4. Advocate for capacita�on of farmers, both men and women, young and old, rural and peri- urban with appropriate skills and technologies for enhancing FNS • Farmers are trainable (reasonable numeracy and literacy rates) • Low uptake of skills and technologies • Percentage increase in the uptake of smart agriculture technologies • Percentage increase in uptake of appropriate modern machinery and technology • Propor�on of farmers adop�ng appropriate skills that enhance FNS • The propor�on of rural, urban and peri urban households with access to infrastructure that enhance FNS (irriga�on, boreholes, fowl runs, solar powered water source, storage facility, nutri�on gardens, beehives) • Propor�on of community households using innova�ve FNS knowledge and technologies 70 70 37 177,000 5. Advocate for provision of land to adolescents, youth and women for community gardens and agribusiness ac�vi�es • Availability of land • Land may not be available • Propor�on of women and youth receiving land under the na�onal land redistribu�on programme 100 100 71 271,000 Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 153 Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD)Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 6. Advocate for the par�cipa�on of youth and women in agribusiness ac�vi�es • Youth and women willing to invest in agribusiness ac�vi�es • Lack of land or business premises • Lack of collateral for securing capital • Propor�on of youth owning a business in the food value chain • Propor�on of women owning a business in the food value chain 200 150 109 459,000 7 Advocate for mainstreaming of socially inclusive FNS ac�vi�es in rehabilita�on centres • Availability of funds • Compe�ng priori�es • Number of rehabilita�on centres mainstreaming Food and Nutri�on ac�vi�es • Number of women rehabilitated capacitated in Food and Nutri�on 15 15 10 40,000 8 Strengthen community-based savings ini�a�ves through local savings and lending schemes • High demand for credit and savings • High interest rates among local lending and micro- finance ins�tu�ons • Breach of saving and lending contract • Number of community- based lending schemes established • Propor�on of household members par�cipa�ng in ISALs/SACCOs • Propor�on of women accessing financial support by type 70 70 37 177,000 Goal 2: Human capital developme nt and innova�on at all levels (household , village, ward, community , district, provincial and na�onal), to promote food and nutri�on security by 2025 1. Ensure FNS structures, co- ordina�on mechanisms and na�onal staff capaci�es for all relevant sector professionals across all key line ministries are strengthened using in- service and pre-service standardized packages • Line ministries have filled their posi�ons for effec�ve mul�- sectoral collabora� on in Food and Nutri�on Security Commi�e e ac�vi�es • Lack of resources (e.g., funding) • Number of stakeholders trained on FNS • Propor�on of sub- na�onal food and nutri�on security structures that are func�onal 150 100 24 274,000 2. Strengthen competences and skills (leadership, management, planning, facilita�on, analysis and priori�sa�on) for mul�- sectoral food and nutri�on coordina�on structures • FNSCs fully establishe d and func�onal • Opportuni �es for capacity training locally, regionally and interna�o nally • Inadequat e resources • Staff A�ri�on • • • Propor�on of FNSCs (& other MSP) func�onal and receiving technical support for their opera�ons Propor�on of sector budget allocated towards food and nutri�on Propor�on of Sectors with food nutri�on sensi�ve plans 200 150 50 400,000 13.7 Annex 7: Key Result Area 7: Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities for Food and Nutrition Security Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 154 3. Develop a na�onal strategy for the engagement of mul�ple stakeholders in food and nutri�on security at sub- district, district, provincial and na�onal levels • Clear role of private sector and mul�ple stakeholders in FNS • Women engages as key partners in advocacy ac�vi�es for FNS • Lack of incen�ves to encourage private sector investment 81,000 Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD)Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 4. Promote inclusivity (women, adolescent, youth and persons with disability) in community management structures and ini�a�ves • Existence of a culture of inclusivity in community management structures • Low priority accorded to inclusivity within communi�es • Number of community management structures with diverse representa�on (i.e., able bodied, disabled, youth, women, etc.) • Number of community driven FNS projects • Number of all inclusive FNS ini�a�ves involving communi�es • Number of model villages established and sustained • Number of village FNSC 170 57 50 177,000 5. Iden�fy and document social, cultural and gender-based factors affec�ng FNS and ensure that they are systema�cally recognized and reflected in FNS strategies • Assump�ons: Willingness of Tradi�onal leadership and communi�es • Nega�ve tradi�onal beliefs & customs • Number of sensi�za�on mee�ngs on documented factors affec�ng FNS • Number of Chief's engagement ac�vi�es done and reports • Number of community driven FNS projects • Number of FNS ini�a�ves involving communi�es 170 57 50 177,000 6. Advocate for the strengthening and resuscita�on of the ZundeRaMambo / Isiphala seNkosi (Chief’s granary concept) • Low poverty and high food and nutri�on security levels among rural households • Poor season’s performance • Community may resist to par�cipate • Number of community driven FNS projects • Number of FNS ini�a�ves involving communi�es 260 100 100 460,000 7. Ensure that the significant poten�al and capacity of communi�es in ensuring food and nutri�on security is recognised. • Communi�e s are willing to ac�vely par�cipate in FNS ini�a�ves • Limited par�cipa�o n among community members • Number of village FNSC • Propor�on of villages with func�onal FNSC • Number of model villages established and sustained 210 200 200 610,000 13.7 Annex 7: Key Result Area 7: Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities for Food and Nutrition Security Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 CHAPTER 13. ANNEXES 155 Goal 3: Enhance food and nutri�on governance at all levels 1. Strengthen ins�tu�onal coordina�on mechanisms and management of mul�-sectoral efforts • FNC and FNSCs are adequately resourced to carry out ins�tu�onal coordina�on and management • Line ministries have filled their posts for effec�ve mul�- sectoral coordina�on • Turnover of personnel in governance structures • Number of food and nutri�on security mee�ngs held • Number of sub-na�onal food and nutri�on security structures established and strengthened • Number of func�onal food and nutri�on security commi�ees • Issues discussed and decisions made in mee�ngs of FNCs at all levels • Number of stakeholders trained on FNS • Propor�on of Sectors with food nutri�on sensi�ve plans • Propor�on of sub-na�onal food and nutri�on security structures that are func�onal • Propor�on of sector budget allocated towards food and nutri�on • Propor�on of na�onal budget allocated towards food and nutri�on sectors • Number of commi�ees set up for coordina�on 250 100 50 400,000 Goal for the next Five Years Key Strategies for the Goal Assump�ons Risks Indicators Annual Budget (000) Total Budget (USD)Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 2. Strengthen service delivery, monitoring, supervision and legisla�ve enforcement capaci�es • Exis�ng structures are well resourced for service delivery (e.g., monitoring, supervision and legisla�ve enforcement) at all levels (i.e., provincial, district, ward and village commi�ees) • Turnover of personnel in FNCs • Corrup�on in actors breaching legisla�on • Weak law enforceme nt system • Number of sub-na�onal food and nutri�on security structures established • Number of func�onal food and nutri�on security commi�ees • Propor�on of national budget allocated towards food and nutri�on sectors • Number of commi�ees set up for sector FNS coordina�on • Number of stakeholders trained on FNS • Propor�on of Sectors with food nutri�on sensi�ve plans • Propor�on of sub-na�onal food and nutri�on security structures that are func�onal • Propor�on of sector budget allocated towards food and nutri�on 200 100 50 450,00 Total Budget 5,590,0002635 1699 1256 13.7 Annex 7: Key Result Area 7: Enhancing and Strengthening Capacities for Food and Nutrition Security Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 GLOSSARY 156 Acute malnutrition- a form of under-nutrition caused by a sudden decrease in food consumption and/or illness that results in sudden weight loss or oedema (fluid retention). Acute malnutrition can be moderate or severe. AIDS- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a term that applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. It is defined by the occurrence of “opportunistic infections”, so named because they take advantage of a weakened immune system. ANC- Antenatal Care (ANC) can be defined as the care provided by skilled health-care professionals to pregnant women and adolescent girls in order to ensure the best health conditions for both mother and baby during pregnancy. ARI- Acute Respiratory Infection is defined as those infections of the respiratory system, caused by viruses or bacteria, which manifest with symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion and obstruction, sore throat, dysphonia or respiratory distress, accompanied or not by fever. BCC- Behaviour Change Communication is the strategic use of communication approaches to promote changes in knowledge, attitudes, norms, beliefs and behaviours. BMI- Body Mass Index is a value derived from the mass and height of an individual which tells us how much an individual weighs in relation to their height. Breast Milk Substitutes- means any food being marketed or otherwise presented as a partial or total replacement for breast milk, whether or not suitable for that purpose. CAPI- Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) is a face-to-face data collection method in which the interviewer uses a tablet, mobile phone or a computer to record answers given during the interview. Competent authority- A competent authority is any person or organization that has the legally delegated or invested authority, capacity, or power to perform a designated function. In this strategy it means the official government agency having jurisdiction for the official food controls, including those working at the local level in food safety controls. Chronic malnutrition- This is a result of prolonged episodes of inadequate nutrition and leads to stunting. Community Health Workers- A cadres who functions along a continuum ranging from individual and community development to service delivery and promoting community health, empowerment and social justice. They often help link people to needed health care information and services. CODEX- The Codex Alimentarius, or "Food Code" is a collection of standards, guidelines and codes of practice adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Exclusive Breast Feeding is defined as giving breast milk only to the infant, without any additional food or drink, not even water in the first six months of life, with the exception of mineral supplements, vitamins, or medicines. Multi-Sectoral Food and Nutrition Security Strategy for Zimbabwe 2023-2025 GLOSSARY 157 Food Consumption Score- a score calculated using the frequency of consumption of different food groups consumed by a household during the 7 days prior to the survey. The food consumption groups include: starches, pulses, vegetables, fruit, eggs, meat, dairy, fats, sugar. Global acute malnutrition- Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) is a measure of acute malnutrition children aged between 6 and 59 months. GAM provides information on the percentage of all children in this age range who are classified with low weight-for-height and/or oedema. It is obtained by combining the number of children in this age range who have moderate acute malnutrition and severe acute malnutrition. GAM is also often referred to as wasting. GAM indicates short term (recent) nutritional history in children aged between 6 and 59 months. The measure is important because acute malnutrition increases the risk of illness and death, and children of this age are particularly vulnerable to it. GAM is also considered an indicator of the overall food and nutrition situation of the general population. Infant and young child feeding- These are recommendations for feeding infants and young children aged 6-23 months. What, when and how young children are fed during the first two years of life lay the foundation for survival, growth and development. Ideally, infants should be put to breast within one hour of birth, breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months of life and continue to be breastfed up to 2 years of age and beyond. Starting at 6 months, breastfeeding should be combined with safe, age- appropriate feeding of nutritious solid, semi-solid and soft foods. Minimum acceptable diet- a measure of children's diet quality. It is a composite indicator looking at both minimum meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity in children between the ages of 6 to 23 months. Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) score assess diet diversity as part of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among children 6-23 months old. The children should consume five and above of the 8 food groups. The food groups include Breast milk, Grains, roots, and tubers, Legumes and nuts, Dairy products, Flesh foods, Eggs, Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, Other fruits and vegetables Malnutrition- refers to deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilisation. MCBM- Multi sectoral community-based model to food and nutrition security for stunting reduction. This is a multi sector approach for reducing stunting with communities being the part of the interventions. Mid Upper Arm Circumference- An anthropometric measure frequently used during emergencies consisting of the measurement of a middle upper arm circumference. Anything less than 12 centimeters indicates a child's life is in danger from acute malnutrition. Non Timber Forest Products- Any product other than timber that is produced in forests. They include fruits and nuts, vegetables, fish and game, medicinal plants, resins, essences and a range of barks and fibres such as bamboo, rattans, and a host of other palms and grasses. Overweight- Overweight and obesity is when a person is too heavy for his or her height. Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation can impair health. Overweight increases the risk of diet-related non- communicable diseases later in life. Pestes des ruminants- Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, and sometimes death. Also known as ovine rinderpest. SACCOS -Savings and Credit Cooperative Society- Savings and Credit Cooperatives are bodies created by a group of people with a common interest (churches, workers' unions, community groups etc.), whose objective is to save collectively, then make loans available to the group's members. Severe Acute malnutrition- Defined by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median WHO growth standards. Stunting - Stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age. These children can suffer severe irreversible physical and cognitive damage that accompanies stunted growth. The devastating effects of stunting can last a lifetime and even affect the next generation. Underweight-underweight is defined as low weight for age. Wasting-Wasting refers to a child who is too thin for his or her height. Wasting is the result of recent rapid weight loss or the failure to gain weight. A child who is moderately or severely wasted has an increased risk of death, but treatment is possible. Women of Childbearing Age- an age when women are normally able to give birth to children 15-49 years as defined by the World Health Organisation. 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