National Green Growth Strategy 2024 - 2030

1.1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 2

1.2 ZAMBIA CONTEXT DEFINITION OF GREEN GROWTH 3

1.3 RATIONALE FOR GREENING GROWTH IN ZAMBIA 4

1.4 GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY FORMULATION PROCESS 5

1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 7 CHAPTER TWO: GREEN GROWTH SITUATION ANALYSIS 10

2.1. OVERVIEW 10

2.2. ECONOMIC GROWTH 10

2.3. CLIMATE CHANGE 11

2.4. AGRICULTURE 13

2.5. MINING 14

2.6. TOURISM 15

2.7. MANUFACTURING SECTOR 16

2.8. FORESTRY 18

2.9. ENERGY SECTOR 19

2.10. WASTE 21

2.11. WATER 22

2.12. INFRASTRUCTURE 23

2.13. TRANSPORT 24

2.14. OTHER MATTERS 25 CHAPTER THREE: SCENARIO ANALYSIS – THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN 28 GROWTH

3.1 OVERVIEW 28

3.2 INVESTMENT COSTS AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 31 CHAPTER FOUR: TOWARDS GREENING GROWTH IN ZAMBIA 34

4.1 OVERVIEW 34

4.2 MOVING TOWARDS GREEN GROWTH – WHAT IT WILL TAKE 34

4.3 ALIGNMENT OF THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY WITH THE VISION 2030, 8NDP AND 36 THE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION vi NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 CHAPTER FIVE: PILLAR 1: RESILIENT AND CLIMATE COMPATIBLE GROWTH 40

5.1 OVERVIEW 40

5.2 AGRICULTURE 40

5.3 TOURISM 40

5.4 ENERGY 41

5.5 WATER 41

5.6 INFRASTRUCTURE 42

5.7 CLIMATE SERVICES AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS 42 CHAPTER SIX: PILLAR 2: ENHANCED RESOURCE EFFICIENCY 44

6.1 OVERVIEW 44

6.2 AGRICULTURE 44

6.3 MINING 44

6.4 ENERGY 45

6.5 TRANSPORT 45

6.6 WATER 45

6.7 CIRCULAR ECONOMY 46 CHAPTER SEVEN: PILLAR 3: ENHANCED NATURAL CAPITAL 48

7.1 OVERVIEW 48

7.2 LAND 48

7.3 FORESTS 48

7.4 WATER 49

7.5 MINERALS 49

7.6 TOURISM – PROTECTED AND CONSERVATION AREAS 49

7.7 NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 50 CHAPTER EIGHT: PILLAR 4: IMPROVED INCLUSIVITY 52

8.1 OVERVIEW 52

8.2 SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS 52

7.4 SOCIAL PROTECTION 52

7.5 ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES 53

7.6 EDUCATION AND SKILLS FOR INCLUSIVE GREEN JOBS 53

7.7 ACCESS TO SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE 53 CHAPTER NINE: ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR GREEN GROWTH 56

9.1 OVERVIEW 56

9.2 MACROECONOMIC STABILITY 56

9.3 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 56

9.4 MOBILISATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES 57

9.5 CAPACITY BUILDING 57

9.6 RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION CAPACITY 58 vii REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA CHAPTER TEN: IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION FRAMEWORK 60

10.1 OVERVIEW 60

10.2 NATIONAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION 60

10.3 SECTORAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION 61

10.4 PROVINCIAL LEVEL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 61

10.5 DISTRICT LEVEL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 62

10.6 WARD LEVEL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 62 10.7 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE 63 STRATEGY

10.8 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK 63

10.8.1 Monitoring 64

10.8.2 Evaluation 64 ANNEX I: IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK 65 viii NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 LIST OF ACRONYMS 8NDP Eighth National Development Plan AfDB African Development Bank AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use AU African Union BoZ Bank of Zambia CAGs Cluster Advisory Groups CBU Copperbelt University CDF Constituency Development Fund CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CPG Cooperating Partners Group DDCC District Development Coordinating Committee FISP Farmer Input Support Programme GDP Gross Domestic Product GEM Green Economy Model GFMWG Green Finance Mainstreaming Working Group GGGI Global Green Growth Institute GGI Green Growth Index GGS Green Growth Strategy GHG Greenhouse Gas GMA Game Management Area ILO International Labour organisation IMF International Monetary Fund IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use IVM Integrated Vector Management IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements MGEE Ministry of Green Economy and Environment MIHUD Ministry of Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development MLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development MLNR Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources MLSS Ministry of Labour and Social Security MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoE Ministry of Energy MoFNP Ministry of Finance and National Planning MSMED Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise Development ix REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises MTR Mid Term Review MTS Ministry of Technology and Science MWDS Ministry of Water Development and Sanitation NAP National Adaptation Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NDCC National Development Coordinating Committee NDCP Nationally Determined Contribution Partnership NPCC National Policy on Climate Change OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PDCC Provincial Development Coordinating Committee PPU Provincial Planning Unit RESAP Renewable Energy Strategy and Action Plan RTSA Road Transport and Safety Agency SADC Southern African Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEC Securities and Exchange Commission SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TWG Technical Working Group UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNZA University of Zambia WB World Bank WDC Ward Development Committee WEFE Water Energy Food Ecosystems ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Agency ZESCO Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation ZIPAR Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research x NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Artisanal and small-scale Individuals or groups engaged in mining activities on a small scale, miners: often using basic tools and methods, typically with limited capital and resources. Biennial Update Report: A report submitted by countries to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) every two years, providing information on their greenhouse gas emissions, climate change impacts, and mitigation and adaptation actions. Circular economy: An economic model that aims to minimise waste, maintain the value of products and materials in the economy for as long as possible, and promote recycling, reusing, and remanufacturing. Climate change: Long-term shifts in weather patterns and temperatures due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases. Climate Change Adaptation: The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects. Climate Change Mitigation: A human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. Climate, Peace and Security: The security social implication of climate change and impacting opportunities for peace and security dynamics which recognises the effects of climate change on social transformation. Climate-related Peace and Security Risks: The risks that emerge from the intersection of socio-ecological- economic and political dimensions driven by climate change. Climate variability: The variations in the mean state and other statistics of the climate across all spatial and temporal scales beyond that of individual weather events. decarbonisation: The process by which countries or other entities aim to achieve a low-carbon economy, or by which individuals aim to reduce their consumption of carbon. xi REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Early Warning System: The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organisations threatened by a hazard to prepare to act promptly and appropriately to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. Economic growth: The increase in a country's production of goods and services over time, and is measured by the change in the volume of its output or in the real incomes of its residents. Ecosystem: A functional unit consisting of living organisms, their non-living environment and the interactions within and between them. Ecotourism: A form of tourism that involves responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education. Gini Coefficient: Measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. Green Economy: An economy that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. Green Growth: Growth that ensures that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which human well-being relies. Greenhouse gases: Gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change. Green Jobs: Employment created in economic sectors and activities, which reduces environmental impact and ultimately brings it down to levels that are sustainable. MSMEs: Small-scale businesses or enterprises that have a limited number of employees, lower revenue or capital, and operate on a smaller scale compared to large corporations. Monomodal rainfall patterns: Rainfall patterns characterised by a single predominant rainy season in a year. xii NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 MEAs: International agreements or treaties that aim to address specific environmental issues, such as climate change, biodiversity conservation, and desertification. Natural capital: Assets that occur in nature and that provide environmental functions or services. NDC: A country's commitment under the Paris Agreement on climate change, outlining its efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. Resource efficiency: Economic efficiency and the environmental effectiveness with which an economy or a production process is using natural resources. Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Vulnerable Groups: Women, children, the youth, people with disabilities, people living with HIV/AIDS and the aged. WEFE: The interconnectedness and interdependencies between water, energy, food, and ecosystems. xiii REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA xiv NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 INTRODUCTION 1 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Zambia, with a territory covering 752,612km2 of land, is richly endowed with natural wealth including agricultural land, mineral deposits such as copper, cobalt, manganese, gold and gemstones, wildlife and fisheries, forestry and water resources that can be harnessed to grow and transform its economy. The country’s population grew at an average annual rate of 3.4 percent between 2010 and 2022, an increase from 2.8 percent in the 2000-2010 intercensal period. As of 2022, the population size was 19,610,769 people comprising 9,603,056 males and 10,007,713 females with 11,766,141 people representing 60 percent of the population residing in rural areas while 7,844,628 people representing 40 percent of the population reside in urban areas as shown in Figure 1. Additionally, Zambia’s population is youthful and fairly literate and the country is centrally located with eight (8) neighbouring countries that serve as an expanded market for its goods. The country also has strong democratic credentials which are essential in speeding up the development process and it enjoys the status of being an oasis of peace and stability on the African continent having seen three (3) peaceful transitions of political power. FIGURE 1: POPULATION SIZE BY RURAL/URBAN AND SEX, ZAMBIA 2022 Source: Preliminary Report, 2022 Census of Population and Housing However, the country’s development path has faced several structural and policy challenges as well as external factors which have locked the economy on a slow and often unsustainable development trajectory. Between 2005 and 2022, Zambia’s economic growth rate averaged just over 5 percent driven by wholesale and retail trade, mining, construction and transport sectors which are largely non-renewable sectors with weak linkages to the rest of the economy. The Zambian economy is also very vulnerable to external shocks as 75 percent of foreign exchange earnings are generated from the mining sector, entailing that any adverse changes to the mining commodity prices negatively impacts the current account. Additionally, the economy is highly vulnerable to food and energy inflation, climate change, and pandemics as evidenced by 2 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 the outbreak of the COVID-19. Also worth noting is that between 2012 and 2021, the country unsustainably borrowed from both the domestic and foreign markets and is currently saddled with a debt burden in excess of its gross domestic product (GDP). This notwithstanding, Government has reached an agreement for debt treatment with the view of rendering Zambia’s debt burden sustainable. While the average economic growth rate generated between 2005 and 2022 is seemingly robust exceeding 5 percent per annum, it has not been inclusive as Zambia’s total poverty increased to 60 percent with 48 percent of the population classified as extremely poor in 2022 compared to 54.4 percent and 40.8 percent recorded for total poverty and extreme poverty in 2015, respectively. These poverty levels are by far greater than the Vision 2030 target of less than 20 percent and are mostly attributed to inadequate access to decent jobs and income generating activities. With respect to income inequality, as measured by the Gini Coefficient, it reduced to 0.507 in 2022 from 0.546 in 2015. Despite this reduction, Zambia’s income distribution is still very unequal and is greater than the Vision 2030 target of a Gini Coefficient of less than 0.40. Further, the growth has come at great cost to the environment, ecosystems and natural resources as the country experienced alarming deforestation rates which rose to 172,000 ha per annum in 2021 from 120,000 ha in 1994. In addition, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) rose by 47 percent to 126,758 GgCO2eq in 2016 from 86,063GgCO2eq in 1994 while climate change induced floods and droughts have become more intense, prolonged and expansive in coverage. The 2020 University of Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative index ranked Zambia as the 41st most vulnerable country to the impacts of climate change out of 182 countries. Against this background, the National Green Growth Strategy has been developed to place Zambia on a low-carbon, resilient, resource efficient and socially inclusive pathway. The National Green Growth Strategy will build upon interventions on green growth already being implemented in various sectors and will be utilised as a tool for attaining a green economy and ultimately, sustainable development. Implementing green growth interventions contained in the National Green Growth Strategy will also provide an avenue for catalysing Zambia’s quest to attain the aspirations of the country’s Vision 2030, the Eighth National Development Plan (8NDP), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the Global Framework on Chemicals, the African Union’s Climate Change Strategy and Green Recovery Plan, and the Southern African Development Community’s (SADC) Green Economy Strategy and Action Plan.

1.2 ZAMBIA CONTEXT DEFINITION OF GREEN GROWTH Green growth is a multidimensional concept that espouses a low-carbon, resource efficient, resilient and socially inclusive development trajectory. It is a new growth model introduced primarily by international organisations during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012. Green growth provides a practical and flexible approach for achieving concrete, measurable progress across the economic and environmental aspects of development, while taking full account of the social consequences of economic growth. It is agreed that implementation of green growth actions contributes to the attainment of a green economy and ultimately, sustainable development. Therefore, green growth is not a substitute for sustainable development but rather an approach for accelerating the achievement of sustainable development. While no universal definition for green growth exists, various definitions have been proposed by different organisations as outlined in table 1 below: 3 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA TABLE 1: SELECTED DEFINITIONS OF GREEN GROWTH Source Definition Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) “Green growth is a development approach that seeks to deliver economic growth that is both environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive”. World Bank (WB) “……growth that is efficient in its use of natural resources, clean in that it minimises pollution and environmental impacts, and resilient in that it accounts for natural hazards and the role of environ- mental management and natural capital in preventing physical disasters”. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development “Green growth means fostering economic growth and development, whilst ensuring that natural (OECD) assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which our wellbeing relies”. African Development Bank (AfDB) “Green growth is the promotion and maximisation of opportunities from economic growth through building resilience, managing natural assets efficiently and sustainably, including enhancing agricul- tural productivity and promoting sustainable infrastructure”. The Zambian context definition of green growth is, “a model of development that promotes low carbon and resilient economic growth, social inclusion and human well-being, and efficient use of resources.” This definition was synthesised from the four (4) definitions of green growth from the GGGI, the WB, the OECD and the AfDB, but contextualised to Zambia. This definition of green growth guided the development of the National Green Growth Strategy.

1.3 RATIONALE FOR GREENING GROWTH IN ZAMBIA Zambia seeks to sustainably develop and wishes to identify the critical economic growth model that can fast-track the attainment of the development aspirations espoused in various national policies. Additionally, the country wishes to contribute to the global agenda on sustainable development and is a Party to various Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Therefore, embarking on a green growth development pathway has been informed by both national aspirations and the need to contribute to the global agenda on sustainable development. The National Constitution (Amendment Act No. 2 of 2016) provides for and promotes ecologically sustainable development through the protection, conservation and sustainable utilisation of natural resources and forbids wastefulness, among others. Zambia’s overarching development framework, the Vision 2030, also emphasises development that is anchored on sustainable environment, ecosystems and natural resource management principles. Additionally, the 8NDP has a pillar dedicated primarily to efforts aimed at promoting environmental sustainability. This pillar highlights several constraints and identifies economy-wide policy reform areas that need to be undertaken to achieve environmental sustainability objectives in the medium term with the ultimate goal to strengthen the policy and regulatory framework including on green growth to foster a transition toward a modern green economy development path. In 2015, Zambia adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the accompanying Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including goals 12, 13 and 15 on sustainable consumption and production, climate action and life on land, respectively. Further, in 2016, Zambia ratified the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and submitted the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) with commitment to achieve an estimated total GHG emission reduction of 38,000GgCO2eq which translates to 47 percent, 4 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 with substantial international support, compared to 20,000GgCO2eq which translates to 25 percent, under domestic efforts with limited international support, against 2010 as a base year. Also, Zambia’s renewable natural resources are critical to national wealth, but they have been declining over time. In 2014, natural capital contributed to about 40 percent of Zambia’s total wealth with 73 percent of this coming from renewable natural capital including protected areas, pastureland, cropland, and forests. The country’s impressive economic growth rate in the period 2005 to 2022 was scored largely by the utilisation of natural capital. However, economic growth has been achieved against the backdrop of alarming rates of environmental degradation, erosion of the wildlife resource, deforestation, forest degradation, land degradation, pollution and unsustainable fishing, that are likely to reverse the attained gains. Notable is the worsened air pollution with fine particulate matter at PM2.5. Compared to other lower middle income countries, Zambia has extremely low agricultural land productivity and water use efficiency that further hinder the capacity of small-scale farmers to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts, while there is increasing competition over scarce land and water resources. Against this backdrop, climate-induced loss of income and livelihoods exacerbate poverty and vulnerabilities, and increasingly incentivise maladaptive behavior and negative coping mechanisms. Therefore, Zambia’s adoption of a green growth model is seen as an avenue for accelerating the attainment of the provisions of the National Constitution, the aspirations of the Vision 2030 and the 8NDP, Zambia’s contribution to the attainment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063 and the commitments made in Zambia’s NDC to the Paris Agreement. Adopting a green growth model also presents the country with additional opportunities for the creation of green jobs and will increase resilience to the multiple and cascading risks that the country is experiencing, such as the unfavourable impacts of climate change. Green growth will also enable the country to seize the business opportunities from new and emerging markets, both nationally and internationally. Furthermore, businesses across the economy can make savings through increased energy- and resource-efficiency.

1.4 GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY FORMULATION PROCESS The National Green Growth Strategy was developed over a period of 23 months, from May 2022 to March 2024, and the Minister of Green Economy and Environment provided overall oversight on the Strategy formulation process. The preparation of the Strategy also made use of the institutional structures for the coordination of climate change, namely the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries and the Technical Committee. As necessary, the development of the National Green Growth Strategy utilised the institutional coordination structures for development planning such as the National Development Coordinating Committee (NDCC) and the Cluster Advisory Groups (CAGs). At subnational level, the institutional coordination structures for development planning namely, the Provincial Development Coordinating Committees (PDCCs), were employed to obtain inputs and feedback on the development of the Strategy. Other fora such as the Cooperating Partners Group (CPG) were used for detailed engagement with cooperating and development partners on the preparation of the Strategy. The formulation of the National Green Growth Strategy was coordinated by the Ministry of Green Economy and Environment (MGEE) and it was spearheaded by a Technical Working Group (TWG) comprising officers from the MGEE, the Ministry of Finance and National Planning (MoFNP), the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), the Ministry of Energy (MoE), the Ministry of Water Development and Sanitation (MWDS), the Bank of 5 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Zambia (BoZ), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research (ZIPAR), the University of Zambia (UNZA) and the Copperbelt University (CBU). The preparation of the Strategy involved engagement of various stakeholders including the Government line ministries, the private sector, civil society organisations (CSOs) and the academia mostly through the already outlined platforms such as the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries, and the Technical Committee on Climate Change; the NDCC and associated CAGs; the PDCCs; and the CPG. The Strategy development process had five phases outlined below and as shown in Figure 3: (a) Inception phase; (b) Green growth diagnosis and assessment phase; (c) Drafting phase; (d) Validation phase; and (e) Launch phase. INCEPTION PHASE The inception phase involved the conceptualization of the formulation of the Green Growth Strategy. During this phase the roadmap indicating milestones and timelines as well as mapping of stakeholders to be utilised for consultations on the Strategy, was undertaken. Additionally, the interdisciplinary and multistakeholder Technical Working Group (TWG) to spearhead the formulation of the Strategy was appointed. The TWG had representation from key Government line ministries, research and academic institutions, financial sector regulators, and CSOs to ensure the development of a credible National Green Growth Strategy. The concept note on the preparation of the National Green Growth Strategy was the main deliverable of this phase. GREEN GROWTH DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT PHASE Under this phase, a diagnosis of Zambia’s needs and gaps in the context of green growth, including selecting sectors, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks, and understanding available baseline data on green growth was undertaken. A green growth situation assessment was conducted on key sectors to establish needs, and relevant best practices to drive green growth forward. Additionally, a Green Economy Model (GEM) that helped to identify the priority sectors and focus areas within the prioritised sectors with potential to drive green growth, was developed. Furthermore, a National Green Growth Index (GGI) was developed for tracking progress in the implementation of green growth investments and for benchmarking the country’s performance against other countries across the world. The GEM and the GGI reports were the main deliverables of this phase. DRAFTING PHASE This phase involved the compilation of the Strategy document based on the prioritised sectors and focus areas within the prioritised sectors. The TWG convened several times to draft and refine the National Green Growth Strategy. The deliverable for this phase was the draft National Green Growth Strategy for Zambia. 6 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 VALIDATION PHASE Countrywide validation of the draft Green Growth Strategy was undertaken. At national level, the National Green Growth Strategy was subjected to a national stakeholders’ validation workshop. In the same vein, at the subnational level, meetings involving provincial representatives from key sectors were held to validate the Strategy. The main deliverable of this phase was the validated draft Green Growth Strategy for Zambia. LAUNCH PHASE After the validation, the National Green Growth Strategy was finalised and thereafter, launched. The main deliverable of this phase was the approved National Green Growth Strategy. FIGURE 2: STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT PHASES KEY ACTIVITIES DURING THE FORMULATION OF THE GGS Green Growth Diagnosis and Inception Phase Assessment Phase Drafting Phase • Conceptualization of the GGS •Green growth situation analysis/stock •Drafting sessions (5 held) • Roadmap with milestones and take •Compilation of the GGS timelines •Green growth performance document • Appointment of Consultant measurement (Zambia Green Growth Index) •Zero and First Draft Green • Stakeholders mapping •Green economy modelling Growth Strategy for Zambia • Appointment of TWG • Concept note Launch Phase Consultation and • Approved GGS for Zambia Validation Phase • Printing of the approved GGS •Circulation of GGS to • Launch stakeholders for comments •Provincial consultations •National validation

1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY The National Green Growth Strategy is structured in five chapters as follows: Chapter One is the introduction which provides the background and context for greening growth in Zambia as well as the National Green Growth Strategy formulation process; Chapter Two provides the sectoral situation analysis and identifies the challenges and opportunities for greening growth in Zambia; Chapter Three gives a scenario analysis and the economic benefits of Green Growth while Chapter Four highlights what it will take to transition Zambia to a green economy and articulates the Vision and the strategic objectives as well as the theory of change for greening growth. Chapter Five to Chapter Eight breaks down the strategic objectives into development outcomes and interventions while Chapter Nine presents the enabling environment for greening growth in Zambia. The implementation and coordination arrangements, including the monitoring and evaluation framework of the Strategy, are discussed in Chapter Ten. The National Green Growth Strategy comes complete with an Implementation Plan which is in Annex One of the document. 7 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 8 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 GREEN GROWTH SITUATION ANALYSIS 9 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Two GREEN GROWTH SITUATION ANALYSIS

2.1. OVERVIEW The green growth situation analysis involved the review of policy documents and empirical data from 2005 to 2022. Information and data outside this period was, as necessary, cited for explanation and comparison of sectoral green growth performance trends where information or data for a specific variable was unavailable within the stipulated period. The green growth situation analysis examined the trend and character of Zambia’s economic growth since the preparation of the Vision 2030. It assessed the interaction between economic growth and the environment and was focused on the sectors envisaged to drive economic growth as well as those expected to adversely affect the environment during the 8NDP period and beyond. Additionally, the green growth situation analysis highlights the sectoral achievements scored as well as the challenges and opportunities for greening growth in Zambia. Furthermore, it provides the baseline upon which the vision, the strategic objectives, the outcomes and strategies/interventions of the National Green Growth Strategy are anchored.

2.2. ECONOMIC GROWTH Zambia’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew by an average of 5.3 percent per annum between 2005 and 2022 which was below the Vision 2030 target to attain and sustain an annual real GDP growth rate of between 6 and 10 percent. Out of the 18 years towards the realisation of the Vision 2030, the economic growth rate was below the Vision target for 11 years while it was within or above the Vision target for only seven (7) years as depicted in Figure 3. FIGURE 3: ZAMBIA’S GDP GROWTH RATE BETWEEN 2005 AND 2022 Source: Zambia Statistics Agency 10 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Between 2005 and 2010, annual real GDP growth rate was strong, averaging 8.5 percent, with the highest annual growth rate registered at 10.3 percent in 2010. However, during the 2011 to 2016 period, the economic growth rate slowed down, and averaged 4.9 percent. Economic growth slowed down further during the period 2017-2022 with the real growth rate averaging 2.6 percent. Worth noting is the 2.8 percent contraction of the economy in 2020, the first recession since 1998. Analysis of economic growth during the period 2005 to 2022 reveals that it has not been consistently strong and has been driven by sectors which are largely non-renewable with weak linkages to the rest of the economy such as wholesale and retail trade, mining, construction and transport sectors. Economic growth has also not been resilient as it has been adversely affected by falling copper prices and insufficient rains caused by climate change leading to declines in agricultural output and hydro-electric power generation, and the COVID-19 pandemic which led to disruptions in supply chains in sectors such as tourism, construction, wholesale and retail trade as well as manufacturing. Economic growth has also been attained using the resources sub-optimally as evidenced by the extremely low agricultural land productivity and water use efficiency. Additionally, Zambia’s renewable natural resources including agricultural land, protected areas and forests, wildlife and fisheries which are critical for the generation of national wealth, have been declining in quantity over time. Further, economic growth has not been socially inclusive as 60 percent of the population nationally live in poverty with 48 percent of the population living in extreme poverty. The situation is even worse in rural areas where an estimated 78.8 percent are classified as poor. On the other hand, despite income inequality as measured by the Gini Coefficient reducing to 0.507 in 2022 from 0.546 in 2015, it remains far greater than the Vision 2030 target of a Gini Coefficient of less than 0.40. Transitioning Zambia to a green economy entails changing the character of economic growth to one that is resource efficient, resilient, low carbon and socially inclusive. It means fostering robust growth while enhancing the interaction between the environment and the economy and creating green jobs. This is the economic growth Zambia will pursue in the 2024 to 2030 period during the implementation of the National Green Growth Strategy.

2.3. CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change has become a major threat to sustainable development in Zambia as evidenced in mean annual temperatures that have increased by 1.3CO while the mean annual precipitation has been decreasing at an average rate of 1.9mm per month since 1960. Agriculture, water, energy, health, and infrastructure have been negatively impacted, thus affecting the food and water security, water quality, energy and livelihoods of the people, especially in rural communities. Extreme weather events have exacerbated poverty levels of the over 60 percent of the population, particularly in rural areas, that depend mainly on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods. The rural poor have experienced crop failures and death of livestock thus resorting to maladaptive strategies including deforestation for charcoal production, early child marriages and sexual exploitation for women and girls to access basic commodities as well as various crimes to sustain their livelihoods. These dynamics, coupled with increasing competition over the availability of and access to natural resources, such as water and/or land, compounds the potential climate-driven risks to peace and stability. 11 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Climate change also threatens Zambia’s sustainable development with direct and indirect implications for human security especially for vulnerable groups. It can also worsen existing human security challenges and/or instigate new ones by limiting access to crucial resources like water, food, and arable land. Consequently, this may lead to economic deprivation, institutional inefficiencies, inequality, and gender disparities. With projections indicating increasing global warming, the drivers of human insecurity and instability are likely to increase and impact social cohesion across the country. The health sector is also not spared as there is expansion of disease vector habitats for malaria, bilharzia and increased incidences of cholera, typhoid and dysentery, putting pressure on the health care system. Additionally, existing and planned infrastructure projects are also at risk, due to more frequent and severe floods. The impacts of climate change, such as floods and droughts, over the last 30 years, are estimated to have cost the Zambian economy US$13.8 billion in GDP losses. With extreme weather events projected to increase in intensity and frequency, the impact could rise to 0.9 percent of GDP over the next decade. The 2022 World Bank Green Resilient and Inclusive Development Diagnostic for Zambia has shown that in the absence of mitigation and adaptation policies, climate change is expected to reduce Zambia’s GDP by about 6 percent by 2050. Zambia is the 41st most vulnerable country and has, therefore, prioritised adaptation to ensure the building of resilience of the economy and communities to the impacts of climate change. However, GHG emissions rose by 47 percent to 126,758 GgCO2eq in 2016 from 86,063GgCO2eq in 1994 bringing prominence to mitigation and the need to embark on a low-carbon development trajectory. On the other hand, total emissions removals reduced from-142,929.2 GgCO2eq. in 1994 to -136,266 Gg CO2eq.in 2016 representing a decline of 4.7 percent. In terms of sector GHG emissions, the agriculture, forests and other land use (AFOLU) was the highest at 93 percent followed by energy at 5.08 percent while the emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU) and waste were 1.65 percent and 0.26 percent, respectively as depicted in Table 2. TABLE 2: GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR (GGCO2EQ) Year Total AFOLU Energy IPPU Waste 1994 86,063 82,990 2,174 431 205 2000 102,004 98,947 1,744 1,091 223 2005 106,967 103,175 2,159 1,376 257 2010 120,604 115,425 3,159 1,621 310 2016 126,758 117,887 6,444 2,091 336 Source: Zambia's First Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC To address climate change impacts, among others, Zambia has put in place policies including the National Policy on Climate Change (NPCC), the NDC and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and is preparing legislation on climate change. In the NDC, Zambia made a commitment to achieve an estimated total GHG emission reduction of 38,000GgCO2eq which translates to 47 percent, with substantial international support, compared to 20,000GgCO2eq which translates to 25 percent, under domestic efforts with limited international support, against 2010 as a base year. To build a low-carbon and climate resilient economy, Zambia needs to enhance the implementation of both adaptation and mitigation actions including strengthening the institutional and technical capacity as well as improving green and climate change resource mobilisation. 12 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030

2.4. AGRICULTURE The agricultural sector holds enormous potential for contribution to Zambia’s economic diversification and green growth agenda. The country is endowed with a large natural resource base for agricultural production including plenty of freshwater and 32 percent of land that is classified as agricultural. It accounts for 23.6 percent of Zambia’s employed population and provides livelihood to more than 70 percent of Zambia’s population particularly those in rural areas. Over the period 2005 to 2022, the agricultural sector’s share of GDP averaged 7.6 percent as depicted in Figure 4. FIGURE 4: AGRICULTURE SHARE OF GDP, 2005 TO 2022 Source: Zambia Statistics Agency Despite its potential, the contribution of the agriculture sector to economic growth has remained limited. Between 2000-2019 annual average real agricultural growth in Zambia contracted by 1.2 percent compared to 4.3 percent growth in the same period in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Agriculture is mainly rain-fed with only 155,912 hectares out of the 2,750,000 hectares of irrigable land under irrigation mainly by large scale commercial farmers. It is also dominated by small-scale farmers that produce 85 percent of food crops, employ unsustainable farming methods which deplete natural resources and degrade soils, and that are largely non-mechanised. The sector is also undiversified, with maize grown on 57 percent of arable land, making farmers vulnerable to both environmental and market shocks. Additionally, agricultural land productivity and the productivity of agricultural labour are extremely low with the value added per worker declining to US$544 in 2018 from US$860 in 2000. The use of inorganic fertilisers in the agricultural sector increased by 314 percent since the early 2000s driven by the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP), the main farmer subsidy programme. In 2018 Zambia consumed 52.5 kilogrammes of inorganic fertilizer per hectare of arable land compared to 20 kilogrammes per hectare in SSA. Despite the increased inorganic fertilizer use, the cereal yields declined from 2.5 metric tonnes per hectare in 2010 to 2.2 metric tonnes per hectare in 2018. Climate change continues to adversely affect the agriculture sector due to heavy dependence on rainfall and consequently, has significant food security implications as it increases crop failure, livestock morbidity 13 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA and mortality because of reduced availability of forage, increased disease incidences and a breakdown of livestock infrastructure. In the fisheries sub-sector, extreme temperature changes in the aquatic environment affect the breeding and feeding behavior of fish, thereby resulting in significant negative effect on the species composition and recruitment. In addition, emerging issues such as aquatic annual diseases, environmental degradation, as well as introduction and translocation of invasive species affect growth of the fisheries sub-sector (Jacob Mwitwa, 2018). In seasons when the country has experienced droughts, the agricultural growth rates and, in turn, the sector’s contribution to GDP have consistently declined. Evidence from economy-wide modeling assessments suggest that climate variability is estimated to reduce agricultural growth by 1 percent per year and under worst-case rainfall scenarios, the annual GDP growth rate of agriculture is expected to be reduced by 1-2 percent by 2050. Climate variability and change further compound the productive capacity of small-scale farmers and producers as increasing dry spells and erratic rainfall patterns diminish crop yields and pasture lands. This, combined with low access to climate resilient practices and lack of means to diversify income streams, has contributed to increasing outward migration to regions with more fertile land, which in turn increases tensions around land in the receiving communities. Although Zambia is not a significant emitter of GHGs globally, agriculture is a major contributor primarily due to land conversion through expansion of cropland and grassland. Unsustainable agricultural practices and activities such as deforestation, poor pasture and livestock manure management, burning of vegetation for fertilisation, and the use of inorganic fertilisers, all exacerbate the contribution of the sector to climate change. Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) account for 93 percent of the total GHG emissions. For the agriculture sector to effectively contribute to the country’s green growth agenda, Zambia needs to continue integrating sustainable agriculture beyond the 8NDP and the NDC, and into the country’s agriculture policy agenda including at sub-national level. There is need for sensitisation among farmers on soil health, as well as need for the sector to intensify land and labor productivity. Additionally, there is need to diversify away from maize, whilst integrating climate smart technologies given the monomodal rainfall patterns of the country. Further, land tenure and land rights need to be enhanced.

2.5. MINING The mining sector, characterised by both large-scale and artisanal and small-scale miners, plays a significant role in Zambia’s development and has been identified as a driver of economic growth in the 8NDP. It covers the production of multiple minerals including copper, cobalt, gold, nickel, manganese, gemstones and coal, and accounts for 17.5 percent of GDP, over 70 percent of foreign exchange earnings and about 30 percent of government revenue. The sector’s contribution to economic growth is poised to increase with the proposed expansion of copper production to three (3) million metric tonnes per annum by 2031 from the current average of 800,000 metric tonnes production per annum. Despite the sector’s significant contribution to economic growth, it only accounts for a paltry 8 percent to national employment and is therefore not as socially inclusive mainly because of weak linkages to the rest of the economy. 14 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 The sector contributes significantly to adverse environmental impacts such as land degradation, deforestation and forest degradation, and loss of biodiversity. Mining generated wastelands occupy large tracts of land across the country with millions of tonnes of waste rock, overburden and tailings material with limited to no vegetation cover. Metallurgical processing facilities are the main sources of heavy metal pollution which make soils acidic with mean pH around 4.6 and elevated Copper, Zinc, Cobalt and Lead concentrations. Lead pollution from legacy mining is rife and Kabwe is one of the most lead polluted towns in the world. Additionally, mining activities account for over 98 percent of Zambia’s sulphur dioxide emissions directly leading to poor air quality and negatively affecting the health of humans, animals and plants. Mining and mining-related activities also contribute just over 1 percent to the total GHG emissions in the country. Artisanal and small-scale mining is beset with unsustainable operations particularly application of inappropriate mining technologies, and informality with the attendant unsafe working and living conditions, deforestation, illicit social vices and pollution. Formalisation including formation of cooperatives needs to be enhanced to make the operations of the sub-sector sustainable. Zambia has provided policies and regulations regarding environmental performance in the mining sector. The Mines and Minerals Development Act No. 11 of 2015 provides for safety, health and environmental protection in mining operations and prohibits exploration, mining or mineral processing without licence or environmental impact assessment. Additionally, the National Mineral Resources Development Policy of 2022 recognises the need for sound environmental practices and promotes climate resilient and adaptation mechanisms in the mining sector. Therefore, the policy and regulatory framework for greening the mining sector is to a great extent adequate. However, the main challenge has been the unsatisfactory implementation of the policy and legal framework explained by inadequate supervision by the Ministry responsible for mines and minerals development and the institutions responsible for environmental management including the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA). To improve efficiency and reduce negative environmental impacts in the mining sector, there is need for sustainable mining practices and resource-efficient extraction and processing technologies. In addition, cleaner production technologies and practices in mining operations can contribute significantly to decarbonisation of the sector.

2.6. TOURISM Tourism in Zambia is predominantly nature-based, with the key attractions being the country’s vast wildlife estate comprising 20 National Parks and 36 Game Management Areas (GMAs) which cover 31.4 percent of the country’s land area, the Victoria Falls and over 16 other waterfalls, five (5) major rivers and eight (8) freshwater lakes. Zambia’s tourism sector is dependent on a priceless heritage of wildlife for present and future generations. The wildlife heritage comprises fauna diversity which exceeds 3,600 species, of which 2,032 are invertebrates, 409 fish, 67 amphibians, 150 reptiles, 733 birds, 224 mammals and 16 domesticated animals and 598 species of microorganisms. The floral diversity of the country contains over 3,000 species, of which 211 species are endemic. The tourism sector is one of the four (4) drivers of economic growth with its share of GDP at 1.5 percent over the 2011-2020 period and accounted for 15.7 percent of employment in 2019. However, the sector was one of the hardest hit by COVID-19 due to travel restrictions, resulting in a 26 percent contraction in the 15 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA growth rate in 2020. The sector is very vulnerable to climate change because of its dependence on wildlife and water resources. Drought conditions reduce soil moisture and give rise to poor-quality fodder, stress, uncontrolled migration of wildlife, and wildlife-human conflicts. Additionally, droughts reduce water levels of the different waterfalls including the Victoria Falls, thus affecting the flow of tourists visiting the country. On the other hand, under excessive rainfall, wetland animals like the Lechwe and Puku are adversely affected. The tourism sector is also threatened by encroachment of the protected areas for human settlements, sharp reduction of certain wildlife species due to widespread poaching, deforestation fueled by subsistence and commercial agriculture, charcoal production, rampant wildfires and mining. Other challenges include poor infrastructure particularly roads leading to the tourism sites and the vulnerability of the sector to pandemics and other shocks due to over-dependence on international tourist arrivals as evidenced by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which led to approximately 60 percent reduction in international tourist arrivals in 2020 compared to 2019 as depicted in Figure 5 below. The sector also suffers from insufficient tourism natural capital data for evidence-based policy decision making. In order to green the tourism sector, there is a need to reverse the trajectory of rapid degradation of the natural resource base (wildlife, forests, rivers, fisheries) and build the resilience of the sector to the impacts of climate change by putting up requisite infrastructure in the tourism sites, enhance the protection of national parks and GMAs, restock some wildlife species and promote domestic tourism. FIGURE 5: TOTAL INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS, 2005 TO 2022 Source: Compilation from Annual Economic Reports

2.7. MANUFACTURING SECTOR The manufacturing sector is one of the drivers of economic growth identified in the 8NDP and in the period 2005 to 2022, it accounted for 7.9 percent share of GDP as shown in figure 5. In 2021, a total of 330,933 people representing 10.5 percent of the total employed population were working in the sector. The manufacturing sector is set to take more prominence in the 8NDP period with the target to attain an 16 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 average annual growth rate of at least 5 percent for the manufacturing sector and increase the share of manufactured goods in total non-traditional exports to 55 percent in 2026 from 44 percent in 2020. With the manufacturing sector's contribution to GDP poised to increase, it is expected that it is likely to have significant adverse impacts on the environment and businesses if no mitigation measures are taken into consideration. This is because most enterprises in Zambia employ inefficient manufacturing processes and practices that use excess materials and over-exploit resources due to low productivity. Additionally, pollution of air, land and water is one of the major environmental problems associated with the manufacturing sector. Further, as shown in table 2, GHG emissions from the IPPU sector, under which the manufacturing sector falls, although a small fraction, have been on the increase and can contribute to climate change as well as negative health to humans and wildlife. Other negative impacts on the environment are use of toxic materials and energy inefficient technologies. The other characteristics of Zambia’s manufacturing sector that make it not amenable to greening include the high informality and unskilled labour force, low awareness of the benefits of green practices and inadequate preventive maintenance. Most of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) lack the internal capacity to assess, identify and implement measures to improve resource efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. There is, therefore, a need, as part of the greening process, to maintain a sustainable environment and natural resource base that is resilient to natural and man-made threats as the demand for natural resources, food items and manufactured goods surges. FIGURE 6: MANUFACTURING SECTOR SHARE OF GDP, 2005 TO 2022 Source: Zambia Statistics Agency 17 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

2.8. FORESTRY Zambia has an estimated 45.9 million hectares of forest, representing approximately 61 percent of the country’s total land mass. Forests are very important for socio-economic development and account for 4.7 percent of GDP and support about 60 percent of rural households to sustain livelihoods while offering a home to diverse plants and animals. They also provide critical life-supporting ecosystem services, including acting as a buffer against climate change, the provision of food and clean water, and invisible services such as flood protection, nutrient cycling, water filtration and pollination. The forestry sector has huge potential for investment and contribution to the socio-economic development and well-being of the Zambian people. However, forest resources are under threat from deforestation with the 8NDP estimating the deforestation rate at 172,000 hectares per annum, one of the highest in Africa. According to Global Forest Watch, from 2001 to 2020, Zambia lost 1.87 million hectares of tree cover, equivalent to an 8 percent decrease in tree cover since 2000. It is estimated that 65 percent of forest cover lost was from agriculture expansion, uncontrolled burning, unsustainable harvesting of fuelwood and timber; 33 percent from extension of urban areas including unplanned settlements; and the rest to mining and other activities. Deforestation is highly correlated with poverty and as forest land is converted to low input agriculture systems, it triggers land degradation and low crop productivity, posing major threats to food security and farm household income. Deforestation and forest degradation is the highest contributor to GHG emissions in Zambia and is the main driver of the increasing GHG emissions under the AFOLU sector as depicted in Table 2. According to Global Forest Watch, between 2005 and 2021, an average of 41.8MtCO2eq per year and a total of 711.3MtCO2eq was released into the atmosphere because of tree cover loss in Zambia as shown in Figure 7. FIGURE 7: GHG EMISSIONS FROM TREE COVER LOSS (MTCO2EQ), 2005 TO 2021 Source: Global Forest Watch 18 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Zambia’s low electricity access rate of just over 30 percent exacerbates deforestation and forest degradation by making fuelwood extraction for charcoal and firewood an important source of energy, in turn, increasing GHG emissions and reducing the carbon sink status of forests. In addition, the charcoal production methods are very inefficient with approximately only 20 percent of the total biomass recovered as charcoal. The forest sector is also vulnerable to climate change. For example, droughts and associated extreme temperatures come with increased incidences of forest fires and pest infestations which, in turn, create dead biomass that feeds wildfires. In turn, wildfires influence the distribution of wildlife and other species. Forests are also suffering from an increase in encroachment in forest reserves by rural communities for settlements and from unsustainable logging practices, including illegal logging. In addition, people in rural communities have undiversified sources of income for sustainable livelihoods and there is inadequate education and community awareness on the value of forests. Where forest carbon investments have been made, there is inadequate involvement and empowerment of local communities and benefit-sharing mechanisms are often limited. Other challenges facing the forest sector include low private investment to stimulate accelerated growth and development of the sector; and increased environmental pollution from both underground and open pit mining areas which threatens both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, which are home to biodiversity of plants and animals. The forestry sector also faces the challenge of limited value addition and access to markets for timber and non-timber forest products, and weak enforcement of forestry laws, weak institutional capacity, and limited resources for monitoring and surveillance which contribute to encroachment. There is also need for generation and updating of data on the stocks and flows of forest resources to inform policy decision making. Therefore, there is a need to green the forestry sector by enabling low-carbon private investments, providing alternative livelihoods and increasing the participation of rural communities to enhance social inclusion and ensuring the development and transfer of efficient technologies for charcoal production.

2.9. ENERGY SECTOR Zambia’s main sources of energy include electricity, wood fuel and wholly imported petroleum products. Wood fuel accounts for 82 percent of the country’s energy mix, whereas electricity and petroleum products account for only 14 percent and 4 percent, respectively. The Country is also endowed with a range of renewable energy resources, particularly hydro, geothermal, wind and solar energy. These have enormous potential for electricity and fuel production, including for hydrogen use in various applications and end uses. As of December 2022, Zambia’s electricity installed capacity stood at 3,492 megawatts with hydro predominating the generation mix at 80.1 percent of installed capacity while Coal, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Diesel and Solar accounted for 10.3 percent, 3.8 percent, 2.8 percent and 3 percent, respectively. The mining sector remains the largest consumer of power at 51 percent of total generated electricity, followed by the domestic sector at 33 percent (Figure 8). 19 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA FIGURE 8: ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX Source: Ministry of Energy Zambia’s electricity sub-sector is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change due to over- reliance on climate-sensitive hydroelectric power. Whenever the country experiences droughts, power supply is erratic which negatively impacts economic growth as production at all levels is hampered. For example, in 2016 overall generation declined by about 15 percent compared to 2015 and consequently caused load management to all sectors particularly mining, manufacturing and domestic customers as shown in Figure 9. Similarly, in December 2022 power generation reduced due to decreased water levels at the Kariba dam, the main hydro-electric generation plant, with the consequence of load management and slowdown of economic activities. FIGURE 9: HYDROELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY, 2009 TO 2019 Source: Ministry of Energy 20 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 While some efforts have been made to improve access to electricity, it remains significantly low at just over 8 percent in rural areas and around 30 percent for urban areas. These low electricity access rates for both rural and urban areas have made over 80 percent of the population dependent on charcoal and firewood for cooking which, in turn, increases indoor air pollution and GHG emissions. Additionally, as already indicated, over 16 percent of Zambia’s electricity is generated from fossil fuels such as coal, HFO and diesel which increase the GHG emission profile of the sector, and the need to seek opportunities to prevent or remediate GHG emission through measures such as carbon capture and storage. The Government has continued to support the uptake of renewable energy by ensuring an enabling environment, resulting in a swell in investment within the Renewable Energy sub-sector. In this regard, the Government has developed the Renewable Energy Strategy and Action Plan (RESAP). The RESAP provides a roadmap under which the country is expected to implement various identified market interventions that will transform the market and catalyse the accelerated diffusion of renewable energy technologies for a more robust and resilient energy sector. The country needs to invest in other renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, and enhance energy use efficiency across all sectors. This shift towards renewables will also contribute to resource productivity by reducing the pressure on wood fuel and promoting environmental sustainability. Further, the Government has noted that the efficient use of energy is of great importance to a nation’s development and economic independence. As such, the Energy Efficiency Strategy and Action Plan was developed to drive the country’s economic growth by harnessing its energy efficiency potential, reducing energy costs, promoting energy services and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and, in turn, achieve the 2030 energy intensity target. Therefore, to green the energy sector, there is need to build the resilience of the sector to the impacts of climate change, improve access to electricity through increased facilitation of private sector investments particularly in the unserved and underserved areas, develop renewable energy technologies and improve energy efficiency.

2.10. WASTE Zambia is facing a significant waste management challenge arising from increased economic activities, population growth and rapid urbanisation with 43 percent of the population living in urban areas. This has been compounded by insufficient infrastructure for both solid waste and waste water management which has not been able to handle the growing population. The country generates an estimated 3.7 million tonnes of waste annually with 45 percent of the waste collected through formal services while the rest is buried, burnt, or dumped in public spaces causing health and environmental problems as the waste generates GHGs such as methane, and leachate, which can contaminate soil, water, and air. While the regulatory and institutional framework for improvement of the management of solid waste and waste water is adequate and local authorities have designated disposal sites for solid waste and waste water treatment, there is inadequate regulatory enforcement as well as limited waste management infrastructure such as waste collection vehicles, waste transfer stations, and properly engineered landfills. Additionally, there is inadequate public awareness and education on proper waste management practices with many people unaware of the negative impact of poor waste management on their health and the environment. 21 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA In terms of waste management practices, Zambia has been practicing the linear economy where even waste materials of value have been disposed of. This is because the waste value chain is not well developed and lacks capacity to close off the loop required for the circular economy. These include lack of waste segregation and inadequate collection services to cater for the volume of waste generated. The waste management practices have not given priority to waste prevention, re-use, recycling and recovery. While Zambia has recycling facilities for various waste including steel, plastic, paper and glass, the facilities have not realised their full potential because of inadequate raw materials for recycling which are lost through improper disposal, lack of waste segregation and poor linkages to the waste market. Only 6 percent of the waste generated in Zambia is recycled. In the absence of the circular economy opportunities to eliminate waste and pollution, circulation of products and materials have not been realised. To green waste management, there is need to explore alternative waste management practices, including separation and collection, sale of valuable waste, and waste to energy. There is also need to invest in the requisite infrastructure and skills needed for an effective management system.

2.11. WATER Zambia is endowed with abundant surface and ground freshwater resources which should enable socio- economic development of the country. However, about 30 percent of the Zambian population does not have access to improved drinking water and about 20 percent of the population does not have access to basic drinking water sources within a 30-minute walk from their homes. This is particularly true for the poor urban population living in slums and those living in rural areas. This situation is the main cause of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever and cholera. The water sector is also vulnerable to climate change with dry weather and droughts significantly impairing the availability of water for domestic use, and agriculture with climate analyses showing that a substantial part of annual crop production could be lost, and communities made food insecure due to water scarcity and intensified dry periods during the rainy season. The scarcity of water especially in rural areas is already leading to increased competition over access to and use of water points between different livelihood options for domestic and productive use particularly during dry spells. This results in local power dynamics thus restricting access to water along lines of social status, and gender, particularly for vulnerable groups. Conversely, floods impact crops affecting food availability and contaminate unprotected water sources causing waterborne diseases. As a result, the need for water storage and irrigation even during the rainy season is becoming increasingly important. Zambia has a very low water use efficiency. The country utilises a lot of water inefficiently in hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, domestic water supply and sanitation and other industries. Zambia’s unaccounted for water or non-revenue water is also very high at about 50 percent or more and is largely attributed to old and dilapidated water infrastructure which cause large volumes of treated water to be lost in transmission before reaching the supply points. In addition, non-revenue water has impacted on the credit worthiness of commercial water supply and sanitation companies to the extent that they are unable to access the much-needed financing to invest in improving water networks at competitive rates. 22 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Nevertheless, Zambia has made strides in the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) which considers water as both a social and an economic good which should be available to all humans as a basic right and to enable the productive sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, tourism and energy. However, there is need to enhance the implementation of IWRM to ensure that it is more effective. Additionally, Zambia lacks a framework to deal with the water-energy-food-ecosystems (WEFE) nexus that would help to minimise tradeoffs between the WEFE Sectors and ensure the equitable and efficient allocation of water to the different sectors. In this regard, efforts are being made to localise the SADC Water-Energy-Food nexus governance framework at country level. Greening the water sector, therefore, entails the building of the resilience of water supply for both social and economic purposes considering climate change, improving water use efficiency, enhancing access to safe water for all and strengthening the implementation of the IWRM.

2.12. INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure is a critical enabler for increased productivity and sustainable economic growth, poverty and inequality reduction, job creation, and ensuring environmental sustainability in Zambia. However, the country has an infrastructural deficit in multiple sectors including energy, transport, water and sanitation, buildings and housing, which is a constraint on growth and adversely impacts the quality of life of the population. The infrastructure sector in Zambia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change as evidenced by increased climate-related incidences such as road and bridge washouts due to heavy flooding as well as damaged or stressed buildings due to high wind speeds and extreme temperatures. These incidences affect accessibility of populations in the affected areas to services such as health, education and markets for goods. The infrastructure is also repaired at great cost to the Government which, for example, spent K2.2 billion in the period 1996-2017 on rainfall related damage to road infrastructure alone. The sector is also one of the contributors to GHG emissions and loss of biodiversity due to indiscriminate cutting down of trees and undertaking excavations to pave way for infrastructure development. Additionally, most infrastructure in Zambia are not resource efficient particularly in the use of energy and water. Furthermore, due to cost, there is little consideration of inclusion of different users such as pedestrians, cyclists and people living with disabilities in infrastructure such as roads and buildings. While climate resilient standards and codes have been developed for roads, there is need for an extension of this to encompass the development of green standards and codes to guide the development of all infrastructure to ensure resilience to climate change, inclusion of nature-based solutions in infrastructure development, enhancing social inclusion in the utilisation of infrastructure as well as low-carbon and resource efficient development of infrastructure in Zambia. In addition, the green standards and codes should be embedded in regulations and in infrastructural planning from the national level to the local authorities. 23 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

2.13. TRANSPORT The transport sector consisting of road, rail, air and inland waterways is very important as it facilitates the undertaking of other economic activities including national and international trade and integration of Zambia into the regional and global economies. Road is the most preferred mode of transport and accounts for 97 percent of cargo movement and 98 percent of passenger movement while the other modes of transport including rail, air and inland waterways account for 3 percent of cargo and 2 percent of passengers moved, respectively as captured in Figure 10 below. Rail transport registered a 49 percent decrease in the volume of cargo hauled to 894,000 metric tonnes in 2022 from 1.75 million metric tonnes in 2005. In the same vein, rail transport recorded a 45 percent reduction in the number of passengers transported to an estimated 650,000 in 2022 from 1.2 million in 2005. This is because of the efficiency of road transportation and the inefficiency of rail transport which has had progressively reduced investment in both tracks and other equipment. The over-reliance on road transport particularly for movement of cargo puts pressure on the road infrastructure which consequently needs frequent maintenance. FIGURE 10: CARGO VOLUME AND PASSENGER NUMBERS BY MODE TRANSPORT, 2022 Source: 2022 Annual Economic Report, MoFNP As a consequence of an upswing in economic activities, and population growth, the number of registered motor vehicles and trailers in Zambia increased by over 400 percent to 960,237 in 2022 from 183,701 in 2006 with the privately owned motor vehicles taking up a significant percentage of this. This has caused traffic congestion particularly in cities namely Lusaka, Ndola and Kitwe because of the spatial footprint of the increased private motor vehicles leading to inefficient allocation of scarce urban space. There is, therefore, need to move to the utilisation of mass transit systems especially public buses in the cities and concurrently promote the use of non-motorised transport while providing the requisite infrastructure and policies to enable the transition. 24 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 In addition, with the increased importation and use of fossil fuel vehicles in the country, there is a corresponding growth of GHG emissions and pollution from the transport sector. Zambia acknowledges the global interventions to reduce GHG emissions from the transport sector by moving from the use of hydrocarbon-based fuels to e-mobility. In this vein, the country has started using electric vehicles and as of 31st December, 2022, a total of sixty (60) electric vehicles were registered on the Road Transport and Safety Agency (RTSA) database. However, there is need to develop a comprehensive policy framework to guide the rollout of e-mobility including charging infrastructure, standards and disposal of waste. Therefore, to green the transport sector there is need to transition to mass transit systems particularly for cities, improve the performance of the railway sub-sector and develop the policy framework for the rollout of e-mobility. FIGURE 11: RAIL CARGO AND PASSENGER HAULAGE, 2005 TO 2022 Source: Compilation from 2005 to 2022 Annual Economic Reports, MoFNP

2.14. OTHER MATTERS To transition to a green economy, there is a need to build the requisite technical capacity for implementation of green growth actions across the key sectors. It would also be imperative to enhance the mobilisation of resources for the transition to a green economy. Additionally, there will be a need to develop the capacity for the generation and periodic updates of data to ensure effective monitoring and evaluation of the greening process. Greening of growth will require addressing the challenges and making use of the opportunities available in each of the key sectors. It also entails providing an enabling and supportive environment for the greening process. 25 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 26 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 SCENARIO ANALYSIS – THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN GROWTH 27 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Three SCENARIO ANALYSIS – THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN GROWTH

3.1 OVERVIEW As the challenges identified in the green growth situation analysis suggest, greening the economy comes with investment across sectors involving activities in agriculture and land use such as afforestation and landscape restoration, applying sustainable and climate-smart agriculture methods and increasing efficiency of livestock management. In the energy sector, energy demand needs to be electrified step by step to move away from fossil fuels and to reduce deforestation by shrinking the use of biomass for energy. Energy efficiency must increase while energy production capacity must be based on renewable energy sources. The transport system should see the substitution of internal combustion engines for electric vehicles to make the public transport system more efficient. In the industrial sector, and particularly in mining, processes need to be made more energy-efficient. In line with circular economy principles, waste reduction, collection, recycling, and reuse for energy production also have to improve. In view of the foregoing, scenario analysis was conducted and shows that green policy action provides significant economic and social benefits for the Zambian people. Compared to a business-as-usual trajectory, green growth activities will increase the rate of economic growth both during the National Green Growth Strategy’s period until 2030, but also beyond. Assuming two scenarios, GG1 with reasonable ambition and GG2 with very high ambition, results indicate that higher ambition means higher economic growth. FIGURE 12: TOTAL REAL GDP IN BILLION ZMW UNDER GREEN GROWTH SCENARIOS COMPARED TO THE BUSINESS-AS-USUAL SCENARIO 28 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 TABLE 3: AVERAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE PER SCENARIO AND DECADE DESCRIPTION 2024-2030 2040-2050 2040-2050 BAU 4.2% 3.5% 3.1% GG1 4.9% 4.4% 3.8% GG2 5.6% 4.2% 4.3% Green growth is also favorable with regard to job creation. Green growth activities such as afforestation, energy production, and waste management directly create new employment opportunities. While the growth stimulus emanating from these activities trigger additional job creation across the economy. This will provide opportunities, particularly for the labor force occupied in the informal sector, to move from low-productivity to high-productivity activities. It is expected that the jobs will be in both high-skill and the low-skill areas, thus supporting the building of human capital as well as immediately improving the social situation of many low-income households and vulnerable groups. It should be noted that since economic growth and job creation are correlated with the ambition levels of green growth activities, some of the new jobs will prevail in the long term while others disappear again once a specific objective such as decarbonisation is achieved. This yields the overall result of lower unemployment compared to business as usual in the long term while the strongest effect occurs in the short term to be covered by the Strategy’s period. FIGURE 13: UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNDER GREEN GROWTH SCENARIOS COMPARED TO THE BUSINESS-AS-USUAL SCENARIO Zambia’s green growth interventions are meant to reduce carbon emissions in order to meet its obligations to the Paris Agreement on climate change. At the same time, decarbonisation comes with benefits in terms of higher energy efficiency, improved air quality, and quality of life. Moreover, decarbonisation efforts help attract international climate finance, which additionally support overall development purposes. 29 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA FIGURE 14: CO2E EMISSIONS UNDER GREEN GROWTH SCENARIOS COMPARED TO THE BUSINESS- AS-USUAL SCENARIO IN MT PER YEAR The implementation of the Green Growth Strategy will also help accelerate the adoption of circular economy principles. Policies for waste reduction will reduce the pollution at source while the remaining waste will increasingly be collected, recycled and reused for energy production, and composted. FIGURE 15: WASTE REDUCTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT UNDER GREEN GROWTH SCENARIOS COMPARED TO THE BUSINESS-AS-USUAL SCENARIO IN MT PER YEAR 30 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030

3.2 INVESTMENT COSTS AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS The scenario analysis provides a cost estimate to implement the Green Growth Strategy. The costs occur particularly in the agriculture and energy sector. Yet, to see if costs are justified, it is important to relate them to the benefits arising from the implementation of the National Green Growth Strategy. The cost- benefit analysis (CBA) shows that while investment costs exceed the benefits in terms of economic growth and other components in the short term until 2030, the benefits are significantly larger throughout the period until 2050. For every ZMW invested, between 1.30 and 1.65 ZMW will flow back to Zambia and its citizens. The focus for the implementation of the National Green Growth Strategy should, therefore, be on the mobilisation of resources in the short term to reap the benefits in the long term. TABLE 4: INVESTMENT COSTS FOR THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY IN BILLION ZMW (UNDISCOUNTED) 2023-2030 2023-2050 DESCRIPTION GG1 GG2 GG1 GG2 Annual cost of livestock emission reductions 2.80 3.35 8.49 9.01 Total cost of sustainable agriculture 34.06 34.06 240.29 240.29 Cost of industrial ccs 0.46 0.50 2.54 2.77 Total cost of energy interventions 61.97 217.38 225.77 227.70 total cost of land-based interventions 24.50 31.75 85.30 111.55 annual investment in energy efficiency 20.78 30.61 66.70 88.50 total cost of waste management 0.27 0.27 4.02 4.02 total cost of waste prevention 5.73 5.73 51.58 51.58 Total cost of low carbon interventions 150.58 323.65 684.69 735.41 TABLE 5: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY IN BILLION ZMW (DISCOUNTED AT 5 PERCENT) 2023-2030 2023-2050 GG1 GG2 GG1 GG2 Annual cost of livestock emission reductions 2.37 2.84 4.81 5.28 Total cost of sustainable agriculture 27.94 27.94 112.45 112.45 Cost of industrial ccs 0.38 0.41 1.50 1.62 Total cost of energy interventions 52.68 187.31 133.97 205.78 total cost of land based interventions 19.76 25.61 47.32 61.83 annual investment in energy efficiency 17.60 25.99 38.49 52.58 total cost of waste management 0.16 0.16 2.31 2.31 total cost of waste prevention 4.66 4.66 23.23 23.23 Total cost of low carbon interventions 125.55 274.92 364.09 465.08 Energy bill savings 0.94 5.38 -1.91 2.30 ICE vehicles cost saved 14.23 35.19 44.24 40.08 Total real GDP 51.29 118.22 449.51 709.40 Total benefits 66.46 158.80 491.83 751.77 Net benefit -59.09 -116.12 127.74 286.70 Benefit in ZMW per ZMW invested 0.53 0.58 1.35 1.62 Net return -47% -42% 35% 62% 31 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 32 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 TOWARDS GREENING GROWTH IN ZAMBIA 33 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Four. TOWARDS GREENING GROWTH IN ZAMBIA

4.1 OVERVIEW In the period 2024 to 2030 and beyond, Zambia will pursue a green growth trajectory that will accelerate the realisation of the country’s Vision to become “A Prosperous Middle-Income Nation by 2030”. By 2030, a firm foundation would have been set for a climate-resilient, low-carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive Zambian economy. To transition to a green economy, Zambia will address the challenges and weaknesses that impede green growth as well as seize the opportunities for greening growth highlighted across the key sectors in the green growth situation analysis and the scenario analysis. The country will implement green growth actions by integrating the concept of green economy in key policies and strategies at national and sub- national levels. This will be done using strategic environmental assessments, environmental and climate evaluations, social impact assessments, social and green procurement standards. Additionally, the country will enhance resource mobilisation including the use of public private partnership procurement model, and capacity building for the execution of green growth interventions.

4.2 MOVING TOWARDS GREEN GROWTH – WHAT IT WILL TAKE VISION: Zambia’s Vision on green growth is, “A low-carbon, resource efficient, resilient, and socially inclusive economy by 2030.” GUIDING PRINCIPLES Implementation of green growth actions in Zambia will be guided by following key basic principles: i). Well-being: green growth must create genuine, sustained, and shared wellbeing and should prioritise human development, health, happiness, education, stability and community. ii). Justice: green growth must emphasise gender and intergenerational equity, equality, community cohesion, social justice, and support for the incorporation of the vulnerable groups, that is, women, the youth, the aged and persons with disabilities in the development process. iii). Planetary boundaries: green growth recognises that all human prosperity depends upon sustainable utilisation of the environment and natural resources. iv). Efficiency and sufficiency: green growth is low-carbon, diverse and circular. v). Good governance: green growth builds institutions that combine dynamic democratic accountability, relevant metrics, sound science, and local knowledge. vi). Peace and stability: green growth must be achieved in a conflict-sensitive and peace-positive way to avoid security risks thus promoting social cohesion, peace, and stability. The Vision for green growth in Zambia will be realised through the application of the highlighted principles and, in turn, the attainment of the following objectives: 34 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 OVERALL OBJECTIVE: To promote development pathways that lead to Zambia’s transition to a low carbon, resource efficient, resilient and socially inclusive economy by 2030. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: i). To promote resilient and climate compatible economic transformation that generates green growth opportunities in development priority sectors; ii). To ensure resource efficiency by the promotion of sustainable consumption and production that safeguards the integrity of the environment; iii). To enhance the protection, conservation and restoration of natural capital; and iv). To enhance social inclusion by creating green jobs and sustaining livelihoods The four specific objectives outlined above have been abridged into the four (4) main pillars of the National Green Growth Strategy. Additionally, an enabling environment pillar has been crafted where all interventions envisaged to unlock the rigidities to greening growth in Zambia are captured. The pillars or specific objectives of the GGS were arrived at through an analysis of the challenges and opportunities for green growth implementation in Zambia including their causes and key actions required to address them. Under each green growth pillar are outcomes, that are short to medium term results, to be attained through the implementation of various interventions. Figure 12 below outlines the envisioned green growth change by 2030. By implementing the identified actions under the five (5) pillars, it is expected that the green growth bottlenecks will be addressed to enable Zambia to attain the vision for green growth by 2030. Therefore, the five (5) pillars contributing to the attainment of the green growth vision for Zambia are: i). Resilient and climate compatible growth: this entails that Zambia will pursue economic growth that minimises the adverse impacts of climate change and other shocks while maximizing the opportunities presented by a low carbon development pathway. Interventions will be implemented in the sectors identified as very vulnerable to climate change and other shocks and where opportunities exist for low carbon development including agriculture, tourism, energy, water and infrastructure. ii). Enhanced resource efficiency: resource efficiency is imperative to greening growth in Zambia as it will ensure responsible consumption and production that will affect demand and supply for materials for undertaking economic activities. It will also mean preventing, reusing and recycling of waste which will contribute to reduction of extraction of natural resources for use in production processes and the creation of a circular economy. It is envisaged that interventions on resource efficiency will be implemented across the key sectors such as agriculture, water, energy, mining and transport, among others, and will be led by the private sector. iii). Enhanced natural capital: it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of natural capital on which economic growth is anchored. In this regard, government and other stakeholders including the private sector will commit to protect, conserve and restore natural resources and value them for their full contribution to economic and social development. 35 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA iV). Improved inclusivity: through interventions to be implemented under this pillar, the Government working with various stakeholders will ensure equity in the way the benefits of economic growth and access to basic services are distributed in Zambia. Special attention will be given to reducing inequalities, unlocking access to livelihood opportunities and extending the benefits of growth to all categories of society particularly the vulnerable to ensure a just and sustainable transformation that promotes stability and human security. v). Enabling environment for greening growth: to ensure effective implementation of green growth actions, under this pillar, interventions that enhance the policy and regulatory framework, bolster the mobilisation of financial resources and improve human and technical capacity, will be executed. FIGURE 12: THE GREEN GROWTH CHANGE PROCESS ENVISAGED IN THE STRATEGY

4.3 ALIGNMENT OF THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY WITH THE VISION 2030, 8NDP AND THE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION The National Green Growth Strategy is aligned with the 8NDP and Zambia’s Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement as all the pillars of the Green Growth Strategy speak to at least one pillar of the 8NDP as depicted in Figure 13 below. In this regard, the Resilient and Climate Compatible Economic Growth, and Enhanced Resource Efficiency pillars of the National Green Growth Strategy are well-aligned with the Economic Transformation and Job Creation pillar of the 8NDP while the Improved 36 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Inclusivity pillar of the Green Growth Strategy is aligned with the Human and Social Development pillar of the 8NDP. Similarly, the Enhanced Natural Capital and the Enhanced Green Growth Environment strategic objectives of the Green Growth Strategy are consistent with the aspirations of the Environmental Sustainability and Good Governance Environment pillars of the 8NDP. Additionally, the strategic objectives on Resilient and Climate Compatible Economic Growth; Enhanced Resource Efficiency; and Enhanced Natural Capital of the Green Growth Strategy are consistent with the mitigation component of Zambia’s Nationally Determined Contribution whereas the Improved Inclusivity and the Enhanced Green Growth Environment strategic objectives of the Strategy are aligned with the adaptation component of Zambia’s NDC. Therefore, implementation of the Green Growth Strategy is expected to contribute to the attainment of the aspirations of Zambia’s 8NDP and the NDC. Additionally, the execution of the National Green Growth Strategy will also contribute to the achievement of the National Biodiversity Action Plan which is aligned to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 37 FIGURE SEQ FIGURE \* ARABIC 13: ALIGNMENT OF THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY WITH THE 8NDP AND THE NDC 38 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 PILLAR 1: RESILIENT AND CLIMATE COMPATIBLE GROWTH 39 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Five PILLAR 1: RESILIENT AND CLIMATE COMPATIBLE GROWTH

5.1 OVERVIEW Zambia’s economic sectors remain vulnerable to the effects of climate change, commodity price fluctuations and pandemics. Drought conditions have, over the years, led to reduced water levels, adversely impacting the contribution of the energy, tourism and agriculture sectors to the country’s economic growth. On the other hand, heavy rains and flooding have caused damage to infrastructure as evidenced by increased climate-related incidents which include road and bridge washouts and damaged buildings. Given the foregoing, the need to implement activities that build resilience in various sectors as well as promote climate compatible economic transformation cannot be overemphasised. To foster resilient and climate compatible growth, the Government in collaboration with various stakeholders will implement the outlined interventions to attain the outcomes highlighted under the following key areas:

5.2 AGRICULTURE OUTCOME 1: ENHANCED RESILIENCE IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR Agriculture is one of the drivers of economic growth in Zambia and yet is highly vulnerable to climate change and its cascading effects on livelihoods, human security and social stability. To increase resilience of the agricultural sector, there is need for implementation of the following interventions: i). Promote the use of climate smart technologies and practices in crops, fisheries and livestock; ii). Enhance the development of resilient irrigation infrastructure; iii) Strengthen research and development; and iv). Promote the use of agricultural insurance by small-scale farmers.

5.3 TOURISM OUTCOME 2: INCREASED RESILIENCE TO SHOCKS IN THE TOURISM SECTOR The tourism sector has been negatively impacted by extreme weather events including droughts and floods as well as shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic.The impact of these shocks in the tourism sector is compounded by poor infrastructure, rapid degradation of the protected areas, and overdependence on foreign tourists. Therefore, there is need to implement the following interventions to make the sector more resilient: i) Increase opportunities for local and foreign investment partnerships; ii) Enhance the diversification of climate resilient tourism products; iii) Scale up domestic tourism initiatives and marketing of tourism by locals; iv) Enhance the establishment of green tourism infrastructure: and v). Upscale investments in tourism products’ diversification. 40 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030

5.4 ENERGY OUTCOME 3: INCREASED DEPLOYMENT AND ADOPTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES The over-dependence on hydropower makes the energy sector highly vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, there is need to increase the use of other renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal to contribute to building a climate resilient economy, enhance energy security and catalyse socio-economic development. Thus, the following interventions will be implemented to increase the deployment and adoption of renewable energy technologies in the country: i). Develop financing and resource mobilisation instruments, including de-risking facilities to catalyse deployment of renewable energy; ii). Increase the share of other sources of renewable energy in the power generation mix; iii). Implement policies and incentives to promote the deployment and increased access to affordable and reliable renewable energy technologies; iv). Promote the use of alternatives to fossil fuels; and v). Promote the Productive Use of Energy (PUE).

5.5 WATER OUTCOME 4: INCREASED RESILIENCE OF THE WATER SECTOR TO SHOCKS The water sector is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Moreover, the impacts of climate change in the Zambian context are experienced mostly through water in terms of droughts and floods. Droughts are a major contributor to the scarcity of water in the country. This affects its availability for domestic, commercial, and industrial use. Additionally, flooding conditions have resulted in contamination of unprotected water sources making it unsafe for human use as well as damage to infrastructure and loss of life in some cases. Therefore, there is need to implement the following interventions to make the sector more resilient: i). Enhance the enabling environment by strengthening policies, legislation, strategies, plans and standards; ii). Develop and promote resilient water conservation and harvesting systems; and iii). Strengthen hydrological and water resource monitoring and assessment for early warning and planning. 41 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

5.6 INFRASTRUCTURE OUTCOME 5: ENHANCED DEVELOPMENT OF CLIMATE SMART INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure development is one of the major contributors to GHG emissions and leads to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, infrastructure in Zambia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Therefore, greening the sector will require developing infrastructure that is low carbon and resilient. The following interventions will be executed to ensure the development of low carbon and resilient infrastructure: i). Create an enabling environment for investments in the development of sustainable and resilient infrastructure. ; ii). Enhance existing infrastructure to be more resilient to impacts of climate change; iii). Build the capacity of the domestic construction industry in the provision of quality eco-friendly materials and infrastructure services; and iv). Integrate resilience and green principles in urban and rural spatial planning.

5.7 CLIMATE SERVICES AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS OUTCOME 5: STRENGTHENED CLIMATE SERVICES AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS Climate services and early warning systems are essential to promote effective mitigation, adaptation and resilience to climate vulnerability. Investment in observation infrastructure will help enhance community and sectors’ preparedness and response to climate threats. In this regard, the following interventions will be implemented to strengthen climate services and early warning systems: i). Increase coverage and modernize weather, climate, and environmental observation infrastructure; ii). Strengthen the provision of tailored weather, climate and early warning services; and iii). Improve access to climate and weather information, and early warning services. 42 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 PILLAR 2: ENHANCED RESOURCE EFFICIENCY 43 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Six PILLAR 2: ENHANCED RESOURCE EFFICIENCY

6.1 OVERVIEW Enhancing efficiency through sustainable consumption and production will be critical for attaining Zambia’s green growth aspirations. In this regard, the Strategy has identified and prioritised the agriculture, mining, energy, transport and water sectors as well as the circular economy as key to enhancing resource efficiency in the country. These economic growth sectors not only consume the most resources but also have the highest potential to increase resource efficiency, enhance environmental sustainability, and support creation of green jobs. Under the Enhanced Resource Efficiency Pillar, the implementation of the proposed measures, policies, technologies, and provision of requisite capacities aimed at reducing resource consumption, is expected to lead to the following outcomes in the selected areas.

6.2 AGRICULTURE OUTCOME 1: INCREASED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY The agricultural sector suffers from low productivity. It is therefore imperative that productivity of the sector is enhanced for increased output, income, and poverty reduction, particularly for small-scale farmers. The following interventions will be implemented to increase agricultural productivity: i). Enhance the delivery of extension services; ii). Increase access to appropriate mechanization for small-scale farmers; and iii). Promote water use efficiency in agriculture.

6.3 MINING OUTCOME 2: ENHANCED RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN THE MINING SECTOR The envisaged increase in mining production should be underpinned by resource-efficient extraction that maximizes output per unit of ore extracted and promotes cleaner processing technologies that decarbonise the sector. Additionally, there is a need to enhance value addition to optimise resource utilisation. In this respect, the following interventions will be implemented to enhance resource efficiency in the mining sector: i). Develop and implement transparency and accountability mechanisms throughout the mining value chains; ii). Enhance geological mapping and mineral resource exploration for efficient and sustainable commercial exploitation of mineral resources in Zambia; iii). Enhance ICT applications and remote sensing technologies in monitoring mining operations; iv). Promote joint ventures between foreign and local players to enhance capacity in the mining value chain; and 44 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 v). Enhance technical support and skills training for artisanal and small-scale mining to meet industry efficiency requirements.

6.4 ENERGY OUTCOME 3: INCREASED DEPLOYMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES Enhanced deployment of energy efficient technologies and practices, including through public private partnerships, is key to the attainment of Zambia’s green growth aspirations. In this regard, energy efficiency will contribute to the reduction in energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. In view of this, the following interventions will be implemented to achieve this outcome: i). Create an enabling environment for increased adoption of energy-efficient technologies and practices in all sectors; ii). Increase awareness on energy efficiency and conservation; and iii) Adopt energy efficient materials, technologies and practices in building envelopes.

6.5 TRANSPORT OUTCOME 4: ENHANCED SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY While motorised transport is imperative for economic development in Zambia, it is also true that it is currently inefficient and has contributed to a wide range of negative social, economic and environmental impacts including traffic congestion, accidents and is a contributor to urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. There is, therefore, need to decouple negative transport externalities from economic growth to achieve comprehensive sustainability in the transport sector. To enhance sustainable mobility, the following interventions will be implemented: i). Develop public private partnerships for the creation of rapid transit systems in major cities; ii). Create an enabling environment for the rollout of e-mobility; and ii)i. Provide infrastructure to promote non-motorised transportation and eco-mobility transportation systems.

6.6 WATER OUTCOME 5: ENHANCED RESOURCE EFFICIENCY THROUGH WATER-ENERGY-FOOD-ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS APPROACHES There is a need to avoid sectoral approaches by pursuing an integrated approach in the utilisation of water for energy and food production while protecting and conserving ecosystems. This will avert the inefficient utilisation of water resources, avoid potential conflicts and ensure the attainment of adequate water, energy and food security and the effective functioning of vital ecosystems. In this regard, the water-energy-food- ecosystems (WEFE) nexus will be implemented as one of the critical pathways towards attaining a low carbon, resource efficient and resilient economy. To achieve this outcome, the following interventions will be implemented: 45 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA i). Domesticate the SADC WEFE Nexus Framework at country level; ii). Strengthen the undertaking of periodic WEFE Nexus Assessments at national and sub-national levels; iii). Establish and strengthen multi-stakeholder platforms and partnerships for the WEFE nexus; iv). Strengthen ecosystem-based approaches to preventing biodiversity loss and improving water, energy and food security; and v). Capacity building on the WEFE nexus approach.

6.7 CIRCULAR ECONOMY OUTCOME 6: ENHANCED APPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRINCIPLES IN ALL SECTORS Zambia aspires to transform the current linear economy into a circular model to achieve sustainable consumption and production. The circular economy offers solutions for advancing sustainable consumption and production and the transition to inclusive green growth; reducing and eliminating waste and pollution through intelligent design; keeping products and materials in use; and regenerating and growing natural wealth through economic and fiscal policies that nurture and embrace nature-based solutions. To enhance circularity, the following cross-sectoral interventions will be implemented: i). Create an enabling environment that supports and incentivises greater circulation of goods and materials; ii). Develop and implement circular supply chains within industry; iii). Design out waste; iv). Enhance cleaner production; v). Enhance the implementation of the waste management hierarchy; vi). Enhance recycling of waste to high value products; vii). Promote environmentally sound waste management; viii). Improve pollution prevention and control in industrial processes; and ix). Create an enabling environment for eco-labeling for products and services. 46 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 PILLAR 3: ENHANCED NATURAL CAPITAL 47 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Seven: PILLAR 3: ENHANCED NATURAL CAPITAL

7.1 OVERVIEW Zambia is endowed with abundant natural resources that are largely unsustainably managed. Over time, persistent unsustainable utilisation of natural resources on which communities are dependent, has resulted in degradation and depletion of the natural capital. Additionally, unsustainable management of natural resources has increased vulnerability of the economy and communities to the impacts of climate change and other shocks. To enhance natural capital, the outlined interventions will be implemented under the following key areas.

7.2 LAND OUTCOME 1: STRENGTHENED SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT Strengthening Land Management (SLM) will integrate land, water, biodiversity, and environmental management for the delivery of sustainable ecosystem services and livelihoods. Thus, the following interventions on sustainable land management will be implemented: i) Reduce land degradation and restore degraded areas; ii) Promote sustainable land conversion; iii) Protect ecologically sensitive areas; and iv) Promote and enforce land zoning.

7.3 FORESTS OUTCOME 2: STRENGTHENED SUSTAINABLE FOREST RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT Promotion of sustainable forest and ecosystem management will ensure the long-term productivity of forests while protecting biodiversity, mitigating the effects of climate change, and supporting the livelihoods of local communities. The following interventions will be implemented to enhance sustainable forest management: i) Strengthen the policy and regulatory framework on management of forests, protected and conservation areas; ii) Enhance institutional capacity for the enforcement of forestry legislation; iii) Promote forest regeneration and afforestation; iv) Promote forest carbon stock management programmes and projects; v) Promote investments in environmentally friendly forest-based enterprises; and vi) Enhance value chains and research on timber and non-timber forest products. 48 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030

7.4 WATER OUTCOME 3: STRENGTHENED WATER MANAGEMENT Water as a natural resource, requires prioritizing its protection, conservation and sustainable utilisation through restoration of ecosystems, and the adoption of water-saving technologies. Efficient water abstraction practices should also be utilised to enhance the protection and conservation of the water resource. To effectively monitor water resource availability and utilisation over time, and to ensure adequate data and information to support effective planning, decision making and policy formulation, there is need to improve the availability of water statistics and to strengthen the environmental economic accounting for all water resources that Zambia is endowed with. In this regard, the following interventions will be implemented to enhance water management: i) Strengthen the management of water resources in protected areas; ii) Promote sustainable water conservation and utilisation practices; and iii) Strengthen nature-based approaches in the management of watersheds/water catchments.

7.5 MINERALS OUTCOME 4: ENHANCED RESTORATION OF WASTELANDS IN MINING OPERATIONS Expansion in mineral exploration and extraction adversely impact the environment resulting in deforestation, forest and land degradation. Additionally, current technologies tend to pollute the air, water and land with heavy metals. The following interventions will be implemented to enhance sustainable mining: i) Promote mining technologies that limit environmental damage; ii) Enhance the use of sustainable waste disposal technologies; and iii) Promote the restoration and management of mine wastelands.

7.6 TOURISM – PROTECTED AND CONSERVATION AREAS OUTCOME 5: ENHANCED NATURAL RESOURCE BASE FOR ECOTOURISM Ecotourism is dependent on sustainable management of the ecosystem as well as the traditional cultures that subsist in natural areas. Natural areas with fauna and flora, require protection for them to continue offering eco attraction and services to society. In addition, there is need to restore areas of high conservation value that have been degraded. The following interventions will be implemented to enhance tourism in protected and conservation areas: i) Strengthen the policy and regulatory framework on management of protected and conservation areas; ii) Enhance institutional capacity for the enforcement of wildlife legislation; iii) Engage the participation of local communities in conservation; and iv) Provide alternative livelihoods to communities living in protected and conservation areas. 49 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

7.7 NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS OUTCOME 6: ENHANCED NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING FOR NATURAL CAPITAL As part of the green transition, Zambia will improve the generation of data on natural resources as well as the valuation of natural resources and ecosystem services. This will contribute to enhanced understanding of the interaction of the economy and the environment and inform evidence-based policy decision making. Zambia will also domesticate international recommendations on environmental statistics as applied to different categories of natural capital such as water, land, forests, minerals and ecosystems. The following interventions will be executed: i) Establish environmental data and statistical standards; ii) Formulate a comprehensive data collection and management system; iii) Establish decision support systems and planning tools; iv) Undertake periodic (annual) environmental economic accounting for natural capital at national and sub-national levels; and v) Capacity building and institutional strengthening with respect to environmental statistics and environmental economic accounting for natural capital. 50 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 PILLAR 4: IMPROVED INCLUSIVITY 51 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Eight: PILLAR 4: IMPROVED INCLUSIVITY

8.1 OVERVIEW Social inclusion and human welfare remain key to the attainment of Zambia’s development and economic transformation goals. As Zambia transitions towards a green economy, it is imperative to enhance opportunities for every citizen including women, the youth, persons with disabilities, the aged, and people living with HIV/AIDS to sustain their livelihoods. Persistent poverty largely due to limited access to basic services; inadequate infrastructure; and low integration in social protection programmes, excludes these vulnerable categories of the Zambian society from the development process. To improve social inclusion, the outlined interventions will be implemented.

8.2 SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS OUTCOME 1: ENHANCED OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS Limited livelihood prospects constrain the participation of the poor and vulnerable groups in economic development. There is, therefore, a need to expand the creation of opportunities for sustainable livelihoods for the vulnerable groups especially in rural areas. In this regard, the following interventions will be implemented to enhance opportunities for sustainable livelihoods: i. Facilitate green business development services to MSMEs and Cooperatives; ii. Promote research, innovation and technology including digital techonology to MSMEs and Cooperatives; and iii. Facilitate access to affordable green finance for MSMEs and Cooperatives.

7.4 SOCIAL PROTECTION OUTCOME 2: STRENGTHENED INCLUSIVE SOCIAL PROTECTION The current social protection system, although acknowledged as a major tool for promoting sustainable development, falls short. Consequently, to address the pressing issues of climate change and foster the green economy, it is crucial to extend social protection to all sectors. In this regard, the following social protection interventions will be implemented: i). Revise the social protection policy to ensure that it combines the economic, social, and environmental facets of sustainable development; and ii). Promote social dialogue and the active involvement of stakeholders, including vulnerable groups to increase awareness of the green growth agenda. 52 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030

7.5 ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES OUTCOME 3: INCREASED ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES Access to human basic needs and services such as water and sanitation, health care, electricity, and housing, is adversely affected by climate change and other shocks. Therefore, as Zambia transitions to a green economy, there is a need to enhance access to basic services in the light of climate change and other shocks. To improve access to basic services, the following interventions will be implemented: i. Increase access to water supply and sanitation services ; ii. Increase access to electricity in rural areas; and iii. Reduce the incidence of climate sensitive diseases.

7.6 EDUCATION AND SKILLS FOR INCLUSIVE GREEN JOBS OUTCOME 4: ENHANCE EDUCATION, TRAINING AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR INCLUSIVE GREEN JOBS Education, training and skills development are prerequisites for societal behaviour change, the creation of inclusive and sustainable green jobs and to enable the effective transition of Zambia to a green economy. The shift to a green economy will require new skills and technologies for low carbon development. This implies a just transition that facilitates the creation of green jobs as well as helps businesses use natural resources efficiently and sustainably. In this regard, the following interventions will be implemented to enhance education and skills for inclusive green jobs: i. Revise the existing curricula at all levels of the education system to integrate green growth; and ii. Develop a national and sectoral green jobs plan. 53 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 54 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR GREEN GROWTH 55 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Nine: ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR GREEN GROWTH

9.1 OVERVIEW Zambia is endowed with abundant natural resources which, when utilised sustainably, have the potential to anchor the desired sustainable development for the country. The implementation of the outlined interventions under each strategic objective will contribute to transitioning Zambia to a low carbon, climate resilient, resource efficient and socially inclusive economy by 2030. However, the implementation of interventions need to be undertaken concurrently with the execution of enablers that will unlock green growth in Zambia. The enablers of green growth to be executed include enhanced macroeconomic stability; strengthened regulatory and policy frameworks; enhanced mobilisation of financial resources; strengthened human and technical capacity; and enhanced research, technology and innovation capacity, as detailed below.

9.2 MACROECONOMIC STABILITY OUTCOME 1: ENHANCED MACROECONOMIC STABILITY Macroeconomic stability is positively correlated to economic growth and enables other macroeconomic objectives such as employment and stable prices to be achieved. In this vein, Government is undertaking strategic policy reforms with support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank under the 8NDP framework. The reforms are expected to produce macroeconomic stability that will support increased contribution of green economic actions to overall growth. In implementing the National Green Growth Strategy, the Government will endeavour to maintain a stable macroeconomic environment as articulated in the Vision 2030 and the National Development Plans thus far formulated and executed. In this regard, the macroeconomic interventions are: i). Reduce the fiscal deficit to 3.6 percent of GDP by 2026 and maintain this to 2030; ii). Maintain an annual domestic revenue to GDP ratio of at least 21 percent; iii). Contain domestic borrowing to less than 4.8 percent of GDP by 2026 and maintain this to 2030; iv). Dismantle domestic arrears and curtail accumulation of new arrears; v). Reduce and maintain inflation within the target range of 6-8 percent; vi). Maintain international reserves of at least 3 months of import cover; and vii). Reduce the external debt to 60 percent of GDP and ensure sustainability.

9.3 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK OUTCOME 2: STRENGTHENED REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS For an effective and smooth transition to a green economy to be attained, adequate regulatory and policy frameworks need to be put in place. Government regulations and standards will need to be developed and reviewed to provide an effective overall policy framework to encourage the transition to a green economy. 56 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 A clear, predictable and stable policy environment can create the confidence required to stimulate private investment. Regulations and incentives are needed for stimulating green investments and addressing externalities, which have led to an inefficient use of resources. There will also be a need to strengthen the institutional coordination mechanism for green growth. The following interventions will be implemented to strengthen the regulatory and policy frameworks: i). Mainstream green growth in national and sub-national policies; ii). Enhance enforcement and implementation of existing policies and regulations on the environment and natural resources; and iii). Develop policies and regulations that promote green growth.

9.4 MOBILISATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES OUTCOME 3: ENHANCED MOBILISATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES Predictable access to adequate financing is imperative in light of Zambia’s colossal financial resource requirement to facilitate transitioning the country to a green economy. Therefore, mobilisation of financial resources will be enhanced through strategies that will position the country as the preferential destination for green finance as well as a financial hub for green investments. Additionally, to attract green finance, Zambia’s green growth opportunities in various sectors will be leveraged on to harness green investible projects. Several sources of financial resources including the public sector budget; public private partnerships; bilateral and multilateral development finance institutions; commercial financial institutions, and institutional investors; private equity and venture capital funds; and blended finance, will be pursued. Additionally, the public sector budget resources will be realigned for execution of green growth actions while interventions that foster private sector financing will be prioritised. Further, innovative financing instruments such as green bonds, green funds, green loans, credit guarantee schemes and debt for nature swaps, will be utilised. The following broad interventions will be implemented to enhance mobilisation of financial resources: i). Establish strategic policies for a green financial system; ii). Increase supply and demand for transition and green finance in Zambia; iii). Strengthen capacity-building and research and development among stakeholders; and iv). Enhance the assessment, measurement and reporting of green finance activities and their impacts.

9.5 CAPACITY BUILDING OUTCOME 4: STRENGTHENED HUMAN AND TECHNICAL CAPACITY To effectively green growth in Zambia, there is need for stakeholders to develop and acquire new skills across sectors and management levels. Therefore, capacity building interventions, including the formulation of a comprehensive Human Resource Development Plan, will be implemented to actualise the objectives of the Green Growth Strategy. Long-term and short-term capacity building programmes in courses that promote a green economy will target members of staff from key government line ministries, provinces and agencies; the private sector; academia; and civil society. Emphasis will be placed on the inclusion 57 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA of women, the youth and the people living with disabilities in the training programmes. The following intervention will be implemented: i). Formulate a comprehensive Human Resource Capacity Development Framework for greening growth in Zambia; and ii) Enhance institutional capacity building in climate, peace and security.

9.6 RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION CAPACITY OUTCOME 5: ENHANCED RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION CAPACITY Investment in research, technology including digital technology and innovation is vital for development. Zambia will, therefore, invest in research, technology and innovation to replace outdated technologies and build a green economy. This will include investment in technology transfer involving the flow of know- how, experience and equipment for green growth among different stakeholders. South-south technology transfer and collaboration will also be utilised to accelerate the deployment of green technologies. The following interventions will be implemented: i). Nurture and attract green technology including digital technology specialists; ii). Establish green research and development community of practice composed of industries, academia, and research institutions; iii). Create fora for green technology including digital technology commercialisation; and iv). Promote the exchange of green knowledge with leading global research institutions. 58 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION FRAMEWORK 59 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Chapter Ten: IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION FRAMEWORK

10.1 OVERVIEW The accomplishment of the objectives and ultimately, the realisation of the vision for green growth in Zambia, will require utilizing a strong implementation and coordination framework to provide guidance in the implementation of the Strategy. Additionally, it will be critical for Zambia to employ an institutional arrangement that allows for transparent and effective flow of information, knowledge and financial resources. In this regard, the implementation and coordination of the Strategy will be built upon existing institutional structures for coordination of the implementation of climate change and national development planning in the country. Implementation and coordination of the Green Growth Strategy will be at five (5) levels namely national, sectoral, provincial, district and ward level as explained below.

10.2 NATIONAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION I. CABINET The Cabinet, chaired by the President of the Republic of Zambia, will provide overall policy direction to ensure that the objectives of the Green Growth Strategy are realised. It will facilitate the provision of an enabling environment for the successful implementation of the Strategy. Further, it will interface with the National Assembly through the introduction of regulations on the implementation of green growth in the country. II. COUNCIL OF MINISTERS ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Council of Ministers on Climate Change, chaired by the Vice President of the Republic of Zambia, will provide policy guidance on the execution of the Green Growth Strategy and will feed into Cabinet for overall policy direction on green growth. It will interact with the National Development Coordinating Committee (NDCC), which coordinates national development processes, and the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries on Climate Change. III. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE The NDCC, chaired by the Minister of Finance and National Planning (MoFNP), will provide policy guidance on green growth to the Cluster Advisory Groups (CAGs) particularly the Cluster on Environmental Sustainability. Through the Minister of Finance and National Planning, as necessary, the NDCC will report on green growth matters to both Cabinet and the Council of Ministers on Climate Change. 60 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 IV. OTHER COORDINATION STRUCTURES

10.3 SECTORAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION I. CLUSTER ADVISORY GROUPS The CAGs, co-chaired by Permanent Secretaries and non-state actors, will provide guidance to the sectors on green growth matters. All sectoral green growth matters on resilient and climate compatible economic growth, and enhanced resource efficiency will be deliberated on in the Cluster on Economic Transformation and Job Creation of the 8NDP, while all sectoral green growth issues on improved inclusivity will be deliberated on in the Cluster on Human and Social Development of the 8NDP. In addition, green growth issues on enhanced natural capital will be discussed in the Cluster on Environmental Sustainability of the 8NDP whereas green growth matters on the enabling environment will be tabled in the Cluster on a Good Governance Environment of the 8NDP. II. STEERING COMMITTEE OF PERMANENT SECRETARIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries on Climate Change, chaired by the Secretary to the Cabinet, will provide guidance to the Technical Committee on Climate Change and feed into the 8NDP CAGs and vice versa. III. TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Technical Committee on Climate Change, chaired by the Permanent Secretary responsible for green economy, will initiate all technical matters on green growth and feed into the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries on Climate Change. In addition, the Technical Committee on Climate Change will interact with the Technical Working Groups (TWGs) of the CAGs of the 8NDP on green growth matters arising from the implementation of the 8NDP. IV. TECHNICAL WORKING GROUPS OF THE CLUSTER ADVISORY GROUPS OF THE 8NDP The Technical Working Groups (TWGs) of the CAGs will deliberate on technical level green growth issues and will interact with the Technical Committee on Climate Change. The TWGs will feed into and will be guided by the CAGs on all matters of green growth.

10.4 PROVINCIAL LEVEL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION The Provincial Development Coordinating Committees (PDCCs) will facilitate the participation of state and non-state actors including the private sector, civil society, the traditional establisment and the academia in the implementation and monitoring of the Green Growth Strategy at provincial level. The PDCCs will work to ensure that provinces embrace and start implementing the green growth agenda through implementation of plans, programmes and projects, and will make use of the provincial level 8NDP sub-committees on Economic Transformation and Job Creation, Human and Social Development, Environmental Sustainability and Good Governance Environment. The PDCCs will also provide oversight to the districts regarding the execution of the Green Growth Strategy. Additionally, the PDCCs will feed into the CAGs at sectoral level as well as the NDCC at national level. 61 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

10.5 DISTRICT LEVEL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION The District Development Coordinating Committees (DDCCs) will ensure that state and non-state actors including the private sector, civil society, the traditional establisment and the academia operating in the district collaborate on the implementation of green growth actions. The DDCCs will actualise the green growth agenda through the implementation of plans, programmes and projects, and will make use of the district level 8NDP sub-committees on Economic Transformation and Job Creation, Human and Social Development, Environmental Sustainability and Good Governance Environment. The DDCCs will also provide oversight to the wards regarding the execution of the Green Growth Strategy at that level. Additionally, the DDCCs will feed into the PDCCs at provincial level. FIGURE 10.1: IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY

10.6 WARD LEVEL COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION Implementation of green growth actions at ward level will be undertaken by the Ward Development Committees (WDCs). The WDCs will mainstream green growth in ward and constituency plans and ensure the greening of the Constituency Development Fund (CDF). In addition, the WDCs will report to the DDCCs on the execution of green growth actions. The capacity of the WDCs will need to be enhanced to allow for effective coordination of green development programme outputs at the ward and constituency levels. 62 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030

10.7 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE STRATEGY The following institutions will play key roles in ensuring that the management of the Strategy is in line with the set objectives. I. CABINET Cabinet will provide leadership and policy direction to ensure the timely actualization of the objectives of the Green Growth Strategy. The Cabinet will facilitate the provision of an enabling environment for smooth and timely implementation of the Strategy. II. MINISTRY OF GREEN ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENT The Ministry of Green Economy and Environment (MGEE) will coordinate all climate change coordination structures namely the Council of Ministers on Climate Change, the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries and the Technical Committee. Additionally, the MGEE will coordinate all green growth matters on Environmental Sustainability of the 8NDP. The Ministry will be the secretariat of the Council of Ministers on Climate Change, the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries, the Technical Committee as well as the Environmental Sustainability Cluster of the 8NDP. III. MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND NATIONAL PLANNING The MoFNP will provide overall coordination of the green economy agenda through the 8NDP advisory bodies namely the NDCC as well as the CAGs and associated TWGs. In addition, the MoFNP and the MGEE will coordinate to ensure that matters on green growth arising from the CAGs and TWGs feed into the Steering Committee of Permanent Secretaries and the Technical Committee on Climate Change and vice versa. The MoFNP will also be responsible for budget execution and facilitate resource mobilisation for financing to support interventions contained in the Strategy, in collaboration with the MGEE. IV. PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIONS The provincial administrations through the Provincial Planning Units (PPUs) will coordinate the implementation of the Green Growth Strategy at provincial level. The PPUs will be the secretariats of the PDCCs on matters of green growth. V. DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIONS The district administrations through the local authorities will coordinate the implementation of the Green Growth Strategy at district level. The local authorities will be the secretariats of the DDCCs on matters of green growth.

10.8 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK The Green Growth Strategy will utilise a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework to track progress in the implementation of the Strategy and to inform future Green Growth Strategy development. The Strategy has identified four (4) strategic objectives which have key performance indicators that will track progress towards attainment of outcomes of the Strategy. Additionally, the monitoring and evaluation 63 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA framework will set out roles and responsibilities of all institutions involved in the monitoring and evaluation activities to contribute to the measurement of the overall progress in the implementation of the GGS.

10.8.1 Monitoring The monitoring of the implementation of the Green Growth Strategy will be undertaken periodically in accordance with the monitoring and evaluation framework. Progress will be tracked using the results framework, encompassing agreed indicators and targets from national to provincial, district and ward levels.

10.8.2 Evaluation The Green Growth Strategy will be evaluated at mid-term and at end-term. A Mid-Term Review (MTR) of the Strategy will be undertaken to assess progress made towards the attainment of Strategy outcomes. The purpose of the MTR is to generate evidence to inform the Green Growth Strategy implementation at the midpoint and feed into the development of the subsequent Green Growth Strategy. A final evaluation of the Strategy will be undertaken to assess the impact and ascertain lessons learnt from implementation of the Strategy. The final Strategy evaluation report will be produced within a year after the expiry of the implementation of the Strategy. 64

ANNEX I: IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency PILLAR 1: RESILIENT AND CLIMATE COMPATIBLE GROWTH Enhanced resilience Promote the use Land under climate smart Hectares of land under 300,000ha 2022 800,000ha 600,000 30,000 2024-2030 MoA in the agriculture of climate smart agriculture increased climate smart agriculture. sector technologies and Adoption of climate smart Number of female and male practices in crops, agricultural technologies farmers adopting climate fisheries and 1,000,000 2022 2,500,000 75,000 3,750 2024-2030 MoA and practices increased smart agricultural technolo- livestock gies and practices. Sustainable livestock Number of sustainable live- 3 2022 5 400,000 20,000 2024-2030 MFL programmes developed stock programmes developed Sustainable livestock Number of female and male programmes adopted farmers adopting sustainable 300,000 2022 500,000 200,000 10,000 2024-2030 MFL livestock programmes Emissions from the agri- Level of emissions reduced 120,507.7 1,232GgCO- MoA 2010 2,000,000 100,000 2010-2030 culture sector reduced from the agriculture sector GgCO2eq 2eq MFL Sustainable fisheries Number of sustainable fisher- 4 2022 6 600,000 30,000 2024-2030 MFL programmes developed ies programmes developed Sustainable fishing No. of fishers adopting sus- 38,000 2022 58,000 900,000 45,000 2024-2030 MFL practices adopted tainable fishing practices Sustainable aquaculture No. of female and male programmes adopted farmers adopting sustainable 11,230 2022 19,230 1,000,000 50,000 2024-2030 MFL aquaculture programmes Fish farmers access No. of female and male fish to affordable financing farmers accessing affordable 2,743 2023 4,450 2,300,820.08 115,041 2024-2030 MFL/MSME increased financing Cultivation of improved Hectares of improved pasture MoA 21,323ha 2022 28,323ha 35,000 1,750 2024-2030 pasture expanded planted MFL Production of pasture seed Number of female and male MoA expanded farmers producing pasture 55 2022 700 8,000 400 2024-2030 MFL seed Growing of pasture and Number of female and male MoA fodder crops increased farmers growing pasture and 85,291 2022 120,291 10,000 500 2024-2030 MFL fodder crops Strategy Total 8,128,820 406,441 65 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 66 Enhance the Small-scale farmer Number of small-scale MoA development of led irrigation schemes farmer-led irrigation schemes 0 2022 200 2,000,000 100,000 2024-2030 MFL resilient irrigation constructed constructed REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA infrastructure Small earth dams rehabili- Number of small earth dams MoA tated rehabilitated MFL 2,500 2022 15 1,200,000 60,000 2024-2030 MIHUD MWDS Small earth dams Number of small earth dams MoA constructed constructed MFL 2,500 2022 50 10,000,000 500,000 2024-2030 MIHUD MWDS Large dams for agricultur- Number of large dams MoA al irrigation constructed constructed MFL 1 2022 3 1,050,000 52,500 2024-2030 MIHUD MWDS Strategy Total 14,250,000 712,500 Strengthen research Climate smart crop Number of climate smart and development varieties developed and crop varieties developed and 22 2023 15 150,000 7,500 2024-2030 MoA promoted promoted Climate smart agricultural Number of climate smart ag- practices developed, ricultural practices developed, 6 2022 14 35,000 1,750 2024-2030 MoA validated and promoted validated and promoted Climate smart agricultural Number of climate smart technologies developed, agricultural technologies MoA 3 2022 10 200,000 10,000 2024-2030 validated, and imple- developed, validated, and MFL mented. implemented. Strategy Total 385,000 19,250 Promote the use of Small-scale farmers’ Number of agricultural PIA agricultural insur- insurance products insurance products targeting 6 2023 12 40,000 2,000 2024-2030 MoA ance by small-scale developed small-scale farmers MFL farmers developed Small-scale farmers’ Number of female and male insurance products small-scale farmers on 1,024,434 2023 2,000,000 40,000 2,000 2024-2030 MoFNP marketed agricultural insurance Strategy Total 80,000 4,000 Outcome Total Budget 22,843,820 1,142,191 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Increased resilience Increase opportu- Investment partnerships Number of investment MoT to shocks in the nities for local and for foreign and local partnerships 0 2023 50 200,000 10,000 2024-2030 ZTA tourism sector foreign investment investors increased ZDA partnerships Strategy Total 200,000 10,000 Enhance the diver- Training programmes on Number of training pro- MoT sification of climate climate resilient tourism grammes on climate resilient 0 2023 10 10,000 500 2024-2030 ZTA resilient tourism products enhanced tourism products products Wildlife-based tourism Number of hotels, lodges promoted and tourism establishments MoT 3 2023 15 2,600 130 2024-2030 practicing wildlife-based ZTA tourism Strategy Total 12,600 630 Scale up domestic Increased domestic tour- Domestic tourism strategy tourism initiatives ism initiatives and scaled published MoT 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2030 and marketing of up tourism marketing by ZTA tourism by locals locals Strategy Total 1,000 50 Enhance the Establishment of green Number of policies, strategies establishment tourism infrastructure and regulatory frameworks MoT of green tourism enhanced supporting the establishment 0 2023 5 5,000 250 2024-2030 ZTA infrastructure. of green tourism infrastruc- ture Strategy Total 5,000 250 Upscale invest- Investments in tourism Number of tourism products MoT ments in tourism products increased diversified including culture 3 2023 7 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 ZTA products' diversifi- and arts cation MICE marketing plan MICE marketing plan MoT 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2030 developed published ZTA MICE unit established MICE unit established and MoT 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2030 functional ZTA Strategy Total 23,000 1,150 Outcome Total Budget 241,600 12,080 67 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 68 Increased deploy- Develop financing Renewable energy financ- Number of renewable energy 3 2022 6 9,000 450 2024-2030 MoE ment and adoption and resource ing schemes developed financing schemes developed of renewable energy mobilization instru- Funds for implementation Amount of funds mobilized REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA technologies ments, including of renewable energy 43,980 2022 800,000 9,000 450 2024-2030 MoE/MoFNP de-risking facilities actions mobilized to catalyze deploy- Renewable energy Number of female and male ment of renewable developers benefitting renewable energy developers energy 6 2022 10 800,000 40,000 2024-2030 MoFNP/MGEE/MoE from financing schemes benefitting from financing increased schemes Risk mitigation facilities Number of risk mitigation for financing renewable facilities developed for 2 2022 3 9,000 450 2024-2030 MoE/MoFNP energy projects developed financing renewable energy projects Strategy Total 827,000 41,350 Increase the share Share of other sources Percentage of other sources of other sources of of renewable energy in of renewable energy in the renewable energy in the power generation mix total national installed elec- 3% 2022 17% 74,440,000 3, 722,000 2024-2030 MoE/ZESCO/ERB the power genera- increased tricity generation capacity tion mix Strategy Total 74,440,000 3,722,000 Implement policies Policies and incentives to Streamlined licensing proce- and incentives to promote the deployment dures for renewable energy 0 2022 1 15,000 750 2024-2030 MoE/REA promote the deploy- of renewable energy tech- developers ment and increased nologies implemented Number of incentives on re- access to affordable newable energy technologies and reliable 2 2022 4 45,000 2,250 2024-2030 MoE/MoFNP renewable energy technologies Strategy Total 60,000 3,000 Promote the use Framework for biofuel Framework for biofuel of alternatives to infrastructure developed infrastructure development 0 2022 1 1,000 50 2024 - 2030 MoE/ERB/REA fossil fuels published Private sector investments Number of private sector in biofuels infrastructure investments in biofuels 3 2022 15 1,000 50 2024-2030 MoE/ZESCO increased infrastructure Share of biodiesel in Percentage share of biodiesel petroleum products in petroleum products 0% 2022 5% 310,000 15,500 2024-2030 MoE/ERB introduced Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Share of bioethanol Percentage share of bioetha- in petroleum products nol in petroleum products 0% 2022 10% 310,000 15,500 2024-2030 MoE/ERB introduced Energy switch from fossil Percentage of energy switch fuels to renewable energy from fossil fuels to renewable 0% 2022 20% 500,000 25,000 2024-2030 MoE/ERB enhanced energy Strategy Total 1,122,000 56,100 Promote the Productive Use of Energy Number of female and male Productive Use of (PUE) promoted rural SMEs using renewable 8,000 2022 9,000 5,000 250 2024-2030 MoE/REA Energy (PUE) energy to generate income Strategy Total 5,000 250 Outcome Total Budget 76,454,000 3,822,700 Increased resilience Enhance the ena- Enabling environment Number of policies, legis- of the water sector bling environment enhanced lation, plans and standards MWDS to shocks by strengthening strengthened 5 2023 9 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 WARMA policies, legislation, plans and standards Strategy Total 20,000 1,000 Develop and pro- National rain water har- National rainwater harvesting MWDS mote resilient water vesting strategy developed strategy published 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2030 WARMA conservation and MIHUD harvesting systems Strategy Total 1,500 75 Strengthen hydro- Hydro metric stations Number of hydro metric MWDS logical and water established stations established 229 2023 1,000 100,000 5,000 2024-2030 WARMA resource monitoring DMMU and assessment for Automatic weather Number of automatic weather MWDS early warning and stations installed stations 300 2023 500 45,000 2,250 2024-2030 WARMA planning. MGEE Rainfall stations installed Number of rainfall stations MWDS 550 2023 2,621 23,589 1,179.45 2023-2030 WARMA MGEE Upper air stations Number of Upper Air Stations MWDS installed 0 2023 5 9,000 450 2024-2030 WARMA MGEE Radar stations installed Number of radar Stations MWDS 0 2023 2 60,000 3,000 2024-2030 WARMA 69 MGEE NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy Total 237,589 11,879 Outcome Total Budget 259,089 12,954 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 70 Enhanced devel- Create an enabling Enabling environment for Number of policies and reg- opment of climate environment for investments in the de- ulatory frameworks to create smart infrastructure investments in the velopment of sustainable an enabling environment REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA development of and resilient infrastructure created 3 2023 5 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 MIHUD/MLGRD sustainable and created resilient infrastruc- ture. Strategy Total 20,000 1,000 Enhance existing Existing infrastructure Number of existing infrastruc- infrastructure to be retrofitted to be more ture retrofitted to be climate more resilient to climate resilient resilient 0 2023 5 1,000,000 50,000 2024-2030 MIHUD/MLGRD impacts of climate change Strategy Total 1,000,000 50,000 Build the capacity Capacity of the domestic Number of capacity building of the domestic construction industry in programmes on quality construction indus- the provision of quality eco- friendly materials and try in the provision eco- friendly materials infrastructure services for do- 0 2023 5 10,000 500 2024-2030 MIHUD/MLGRD of quality eco- and infrastructure services mestic construction industry friendly materials built and infrastructure services Strategy Total 10,000 500 Integrate resilience An integrated urban and Number of integrated urban and green principles rural spatial planning and rural spatial plans with in urban and rural system that prioritises resilience and green principles 0 2023 12 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 MIHUD/MLGRD spatial planning resilience and green mainstreamed principles developed and implemented Strategy Total 20,000 1,000 Outcome Total Budget 1,050,000 52,500 Strengthened Increase coverage Coverage of modern Number of modern weather, climate services and modernize weather, climate, and climate, and environmental and early warning weather, climate, environmental observation observation infrastructure 291 2022 840 453,600 22, 680 2024-2030 MGEE systems and environmen- infrastructure tal observation infrastructure Strategy Total 453,600 22,680 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Strengthen the Sector and community Number of sector and provision of tailored tailored weather, climate community weather, climate, MGEE/MoA/MoE/ weather, climate and early warning services and early warning advisories 156 2022 1092 400 20 2024-2030 MFL/DMMU/ and early warning provision strengthened produced MLGRD services Strategy Total 400 20 Improve access to Access to climate, weather Percentage of females and climate and weather and early warning services males population accessing information, and improved weather, climate, and early 50% 2022 70% 600 30 2024-2030 MGEE/DMMU early warning warning advisory services services Strategy Total 600 30 Outcome Total Budget 454,600 22,730 Pillar Total Budget 101,303,109 5,065,155 PILLAR 2: ENHANCED RESOURCE EFFICIENCY Increased agricul- Enhance the de- Farmers trained in inte- No. of female and male tural productivity livery of extension grated pest management farmers trained in integrated 12,276 2022 1,000,000 508,672.80 25,433.64 2024-2030 MoA services pest management Farmers trained in inte- No. of female and male grated farming farmers trained in integrated 15,756 2022 320,000 200,000 10,000 2024-2030 MoA farming Farmers trained in inte- No. of female and male grated vector management farmers trained in integrated 17,365 2022 50,000 405,000 20,250 2024-2030 MFL vector management No. of farmers trained in No. of female and male Integrated land use farmers trained in Integrated 21,792 2022 800,000 1,040,000 52,000 2024-2030 MoA/MFL land use No. of e-extension plat- No. of e-extension platforms 0 2022 1 200,000 10,000 2024-2030 MoA/MFL forms operational operational Strategy Total 2,353,673 117,684 Increase access Access to appropriate and Number of female and male to appropriate affordable mechanization small-scale farmers who own 304 2022 4,500 7,000 350 2024-2030 MoA/MFL mechanization for small-scale farmers tractors with implements for small-scale increased Number of female and male farmers. small-scale farmers who own 9,312 2022 350,000 70,000 3,500 2024-2030 MoA/MFL animal draught power 71 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 72 Number of female and male small-scale farmers using 0 2022 3,500 70,000 3,500 2024-2030 MoA/MFL post-harvesting and process- REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA ing equipment Number of mechanization 0 2022 1,200 1,440,000 72,000 2024-2030 MoA/MFL service centres established Number of female and male small-scale farmers access- 0 2022 700,000 21,000 1,050 2024-2030 MFL/MoA ing animal draught power services Number of female and male small-scale farmers 0 2022 1,000,000 10,000 500 2024-2030 MoA/MFL accessing Post-harvesting and processing services Number of female and male small scale farmers accessing 36,542 2022 1,500,000 50,000 2,500 2024-2030 MoA/MFL mechanization funding Strategy Total 1,668,000 83,400 Promote water water use efficiency in Land brought under efficient MoA/MFL/MWDS/ use efficiency in agriculture promoted irrigation system increased 4,400 2022 7,000 1,596,000 79,800 2024-2030 MIHUD agriculture (Ha) No. of female and male farm- 0 2022 7,000 5,000 250 2024-2030 ers engaged in irrigation Strategy Total 1,601,000 80,050 Outcome Total Budget 5,622,673 281,134 Enhanced resource Develop and imple- Transparency and ac- Number of companies inte- use efficiency in the ment transparency countability mechanisms grating e-monitoring systems 200 2022 1000 800 40 2024-2030 mining sector and accountabil- developed and implement- for real time reporting of ity mechanisms ed throughout the mining mining production activities. throughout the min- value chains Number of stakeholder ing value chains engagements on integrating e-monitoring systems for 200 2022 1000 10,000 500 2024-2030 MMMD real time reporting of mining production activities. Guidelines on disclosure and reporting on payments to gov- 0 2022 1 5,000 250 2024-2030 ernment and revenue-sharing agreements Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Establish public online platform for revenue collected 0 2022 1 15,000 750 2024-2030 and re-invested in local communities Number of companies adopt- ing technology to enhance 0 2022 500 5,000 250 2024-2030 transparency and traceability across the value chain. Strategy Total 35,800 1,790 Enhance geolog- Zambia’s mineral resource Number of geological mapping 95 2022 80 40,000 2,000 2024-2030 ical mapping and geological mapping exercises undertaken mineral resource and mineral resource Number of geological maps exploration for exploration for effective produced 0 2022 20 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 efficient and sus- commercial exploitation Number of geological reports tainable commer- of mineral resources in produced 0 2022 5 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 cial exploitation of Zambia Number of mineral resource mineral resources exploration activities 0 2022 80 100,000 5,000 2024-2030 in Zambia MMMD undertaken Number of Mineral resource 2022 20 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 exploration maps produced Number of mineral resource 0 2022 5 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 exploration reports produced Number of Private Partner- ship agreements on mineral 0 2022 10 2,000 100 2024-2030 exploration made Strategy Total 222,000 11,100 Enhance ICT appli- ICT applications and re- Number of companies adopt- cations and remote mote sensing technologies ing real time data collection 0 2022 200 10,000 500 2024-2030 sensing technolo- in monitoring mining and monitoring applications gies in monitoring operations enhanced Number of mining sites mon- mining operations itored under remote sensing 0 2022 100 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 MMMD/MoTS technology Number of mineral occurrenc- es/mapped areas under online 0 2022 175 150,000 7,500 2024-2030 geodatabase 73 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 74 Number of officers trained to offer Capacity Building for application of ICTs in the REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA issuance, processing and 10 2022 100 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 management of licenses and monitoring of mining operations Number of Facilities devel- oped for application of ICTs in 0 2022 7 300,000 15,000 2024-2030 the issuance , processing and MMMD/MoTS management of licenses Establish modern technologi- 0 2022 20 100,000 5,000 2024-2030 cal markets for ASM sector Number of female and male artisanal, small-scale and mining cooperatives trained 0 2022 900 10,000 500 2024-2030 in ICT applications for license application and remote sensing technologies Strategy Total 610,000 30500 Promote joint Joint ventures between Number of female and male ventures between the foreign and local play- artisanal, small-scale and 0 2022 200 30,000 1,500 2024-2030 foreign and local ers to enhance capacity mining cooperatives linked to players to enhance in the mining value chain investor partnerships capacity in the promoted Number of promotional events mining value chain 0 2022 20 1,500 75 2024-2030 MMMD/ZDA per year Number of local-Foreign Joint 0 2022 20 1,500 75 2024-2030 ventures established Number of campaigns on in- 0 2022 20 1,500 75 2024-2030 vestment ventures conducted Strategy Total 34,500 1,725 Enhance technical Technical support and Development of regulatory support and skills training for artisanal mechanisms for ASM skills training and small-scale mining to for artisanal and meet industry efficiency 0 2022 1 3,000 150 2024-2030 MMMD small-scale mining requirements enhanced to meet industry efficiency require- ments Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Number of female and male ASM trained in skills to 0 2022 900 2,500 125 2024-2030) MMMD enhance production, safety, health and environment Number of trained artisanal cooperatives on modern 0 2022 200 2,000 100 2024-2030) MMMD/MSMED mining technologies and productivity improvement Establish empowerment scheme for ASM to increase 0 2022 900 10,000 500 2024-2030 MMMD/MCTI productivity Strategy Total 17,500 875 Outcome Total Budget 919,800 45,990 Increased deploy- Create an enabling Energy efficiency strategy Revised energy efficiency 0 2022 1 1,000 50 2024-2030 MoE/ERB ment of energy ef- environment for revised strategy published ficient technologies increased adoption Minimum Energy Number of energy perfor- and practices of energy-efficient Performance standards mance standards technologies and 17 2022 30 5,000 250 2024-2030 MoE/ZESCO on Energy Efficiency practices in all developed sectors Energy Labelling codes for Number of energy labelling 17 2022 30 5,000 250 2024-2030 MoE/REA appliances developed codes Strategy Total 11,000 550 Increase awareness Energy Efficiency Number of energy efficiency on energy efficiency awareness programmes awareness programmes 1 2022 14 100,000 5,000 2024-2030 MoE and conservation implemented Switch from inefficient Percentage of switch from in- cooking technologies to efficient cooking technologies 1% 2022 20% 85,000 4,250 2024-2030 MoE/ERB energy efficient cooking to energy efficient cooking solutions solutions Switch from inefficient Percentage of switch from in- lighting technologies to efficient lighting technologies MoE/REA/ZESCO/ 5% 2022 20% 45,000 2,250 2024-2030 energy efficient lighting to energy efficient lighting ERB solutions solutions Capacity building Number of capacity building programmes on energy programmes MoE/REA/ZESCO/ efficient technologies 0 2022 5 8,500 425 2024-2030 ERB and practices in light 75 industries implemented NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 76 Adopt energy Existing building codes re- Number of building codes efficient materials, vised to include an energy revised technologies and performance code 0 2023 1 15,000 750 2024-2030 MoE/MIHUD REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA practices in building envelopes Strategy Total 253,500 12,675 Outcome Total Budget 264,500 13,225 Enhanced sustaina- Develop public Feasibility studies to Number of Feasibility study ble mobility private partnerships assess the technical, reports for the creation financial, economic, and 0 2023 3 2,000 100 2024-2026 MoTL/MoFNP of rapid transit environmental viability of systems in major the projects conducted cities Public private partnerships Number of PPP agreements for the creation of rapid signed and implemented 0 2023 3 2,000 100 2024-2030 MIHUD transit systems in major cities developed Strategy Total 4,000 200 Create an enabling Policy on e-mobility Policy on e-mobility 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2026 MoTL environment for the developed rollout of e-mobility Road Traffic Act Amended Amended Road Traffic Act to include regulation of 1 2023 1 800 40 2024-2026 MoE Electronic Vehicles Regulations on electric Number of regulations for 0 2023 1 1,600 80 2025-2026 ERB vehicles developed electric vehicles Regulations for the Number of regulations for installation, operation, installation, operation, and and maintenance of public maintenance of public and 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2025 MoE/ERB/MGEE and private EV charging private EV charging stations. stations Developed. Incentives designed to Number of incentives MoFNP/MOE/ promote the adoption for developed 0 2023 9 2,000 100 2025-2026 MGEE/MoTL electric vehicles (EVs) Safety standards specific Number of standards for to electric vehicles, cov- battery safety, fire prevention, ering aspects like battery and crashworthiness Electric 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2026 MoE/MoTL/MGEE safety, fire prevention, and vehicles document crashworthiness developed Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Standards for charging Number of standard charging equipment safety and equipment interoperability to ensure 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2026 MoE/MoTL/MGEE compatibility across different EV models developed Strategy Total 8,400 420 Provide infrastruc- Efficient routes and Number of Efficient routes ture to promote schedules to minimize and schedules to minimize non-motorized congestion to promote congestion to promote the use 0 2023 5 2,000,000 100,000 2026-2030 MoTL/MIHUD transportation and the use of non- motorized of non- motorized transport eco-mobility trans- transport systems. system. portation systems Rapid transit system Number of Rapid transit routes for public electron- system routes for public 0 2023 7 20,000,000 1,000,000 2024-2030 ic transport systems electronic transport systems Integrated Intelligent Number of integrated traffic lights and adaptive intelligent traffic lights and signal management sys- adaptive signal management 0 2023 1 10,000 500 2024-2026 tems to prioritize public systems to prioritize public transport and eco-friendly transport and eco-friendly vehicles developed. vehicles EV charging infrastructure Number of charging points 0 2023 100 20,000 1000 2024-2026 developed Strategy Total 22,030,000 1,101,500 Outcome Total Budget 22,042,400 1,102,120 Enhanced resource Domesticate the SADC WEFE Nexus Frame- SADC WEFE Nexus Framework efficiency through SADC WEFE Nexus work Domesticated operationalized at Country MWDS/MoA/ Water-Ener- Framework at coun- level. MGEE/MoE/MFL/ 0 2022 1 500 25 2023-2030 gy-Food-Eco- try level MLGRD/MCTI/ systems Nexus MoFNP approaches Strategy Total 500 25 Strengthen the Periodic WEFE nexus Number of WEFE nexus undertaking of assessments at national assessments undertaken at periodic WEFE and sub-national levels national/subnational levels 0 2023 60 3,600 180 2024-2030 MWDS Nexus Assessments strengthened. 77 at national and sub-national levels NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy Total 3,600 180 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 78 Establish and Multi-stakeholder plat- Number of meetings for the strengthen forms and partnerships multi-stakeholder platforms/ multi-stakeholder for the WEFE nexus estab- partnerships conducted. MWDS/MoE/MoA/ REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 1 2022 8 4,800 240 2024-2030 platforms and lished and strengthened MGEE partnerships for the WEFE nexus Strategy Total 4,800 240 Strengthen Ecosystem based Number of ecosystem- based ecosystem-based approaches to improve approaches utilized to improve approaches to pre- Water, energy and food water, energy and food MWDS/MoE/MoA/ venting biodiversity security strengthened security. 1 2023 2 2,400 120 2024-2030 MGEE loss and improving water, energy and food security Strategy Total 2,400 120 Capacity building Capacity building on the Number of trainings con- on the WEFE nexus WEFE nexus approach ducted on the WEFE nexus 0 2023 3 300 15 2024-2030 approach. actualized. approach Strategy Total 300 15 Outcome Total Budget 11,600 580 Enhanced appli- Create an enabling Policy on circular economy Policy on circular economy MGEE/ZEMA/ 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2025 cation of circular environment that developed published MLGRD/MCTI economy principles supports and A national guideline for National guideline on circular in all sectors incentivizes greater implementation of the Cir- economy published MGEE/ZEMA/ 0 2023 1 360 18 2024-2030 circulation of goods cular economy developed MLGRD/MCTI and materials E-waste management Number of E-Waste manage- MGEE/ZEMA/ 0 2023 1 700 35 2024-2030 regulations developed ment regulations MLGRD/MCTI Extended Producer Number of Extended Producer responsibility regulations responsibility regulations 1 2023 1 700 35 2024-2030 MGEE revised revision Standards for the extend- Number of Extended producer ed producer responsibility responsibility Standards 0 2023 1 360 18 2024-2030 MGEE/MLGRD developed developed. Capacity built for Number of females and males MGEE/ZEMA/ implementation of circular trained 0 2023 30 360 18 2024-2030 MLGRD/MCTI economy initiatives Strategy Total 3480 174 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Develop and Guidelines for the imple- Integrated supply chain implement circular mentation of the integrat- guidelines developed 0 2023 1 800 40 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA supply chains within ed supply chain within industry industries developed Reverse Logistics and Number of piloted take back MLGRD/MGEE/ Take-Back Programmes programmes 0 2023 5 2,000 100 2024-2030 MCTI piloted Guidelines for implemen- Number of institutions im- tation of the integrated plementing integrated supply 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2030 MCTI/MGEE supply chain within chain within industries implemented Strategy Total 3,800 190 Design out waste Local initiatives for Number of local initiatives designing waste out supported 0 2023 2 1,000 50 2024-2030 MGEE/MLGRD supported Guidelines for Life cycle Life cycle assessment 0 2023 1 700 35 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI assessment developed guidelines Strategy Total 1,700 85 Enhance cleaner Cleaner production regula- Cleaner production regula- 0 2023 1 800 40 2024-2030 MGEE production tions developed tions Strategy for implemen- Strategy for cleaner produc- tation cleaner production tion 0 2023 1 700 35 2024-2030 MCTI developed Pilot implementation of Number of companies that cleaner production have implemented cleaner 0 2023 10 1,500 75 2024-2030 MMMD production Cleaner production Number of companies that MGEE/MCTI/ technologies adopted adopt cleaner production 0 2023 100 5,000 250 2024-2030 MMMD technologies Switch from carbon-in- percentatge of companies that tensive processes to switrch from carbon-intensive MGEE/MCTI/ 0 2023 100 5,000 250 2024-2030 low-carbon processes processes to low-carbon MMMD implemented processes Strategy Total 13,000 650 79 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 80 Enhance the imple- Guidelines for waste sep- waste separation and waste MLGRD/MGEE/ mentation of the aration and waste sorting sorting centers guidelines 0 2023 1 800 40 2024-2030 ZEMA waste management centers developed REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA hierarchy Producer Responsibility Number of producer Respon- MCTI/MSMED/ Organizations for different sibility Organizations for 0 2023 10 1,000 50 2024-2030 MGEE waste established different waste established Waste collection schemes Number of provinces with MLGRD/MGEE/ established in 7 provinces established waste collection 0 2023 7 1,500 75 2024-2030 ZEMA schemes Waste minimization Number of piloted waste innovation programmes Minimization innovation 0 2023 5 1,500 75 2024-2030 MoTS/MCTI/NTBC piloted programmes Strategy Total 4,800 240 Enhance recycling Industrial parks for Number of industrial parks of waste to high recycling through Public for recycling through Public MCTI/ZDA/MIHUD/ 0 2023 2 2,000 100 2024-2030 value products Private Partnerships Private Partnerships piloted MLGRD/ZEMA piloted Guidelines for recycling Guideline for recycling 1 2023 1 800 40 2024-2030 MLGRD/ZEMA developed Standards for recycled Standards for recycled 1 2023 1 8,000 400 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA products developed products Recycling programs and Number of local communities facilities established with established recycling 0 2023 7 1,000 50 2024-2030 MLGRD/ZEMA and supported in Local programs and facilities communities Waste to energy project Number of wastes to energy through Public Private project through Public Private 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2024-2030 MCTI/MoE Partnership established Partnership Strategy Total 12,800 640 Promote environ- Eco-friendly Packaging Number of eco-friendly MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI/ 0 2023 2 500 25 2024-2030 mentally sound materials promoted materials promoted MSMED waste management Composting projects Number of composting MGEE/MLGRD/ 0 2023 2 1,500 75 2024-2030 piloted projects piloted ZEMA Engineered landfill Number of landfills construct- MLGRD/MIHUD/ 1 2023 9 3,000 150 2024-2030 constructed ed ZEMA Sound Chemicals and Ozone depleting substances 50 metric tonnes/ 0 metric MGEE/MLGRD/ waste management (R 22, CHClF2) (%) year consumption 2023 500 25 2024-2030 tonnes year ZEMA improved allocated quota Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Phase down in the use of Highly Hazardous Pesticides 0 2023 70 500 25 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA (HHPs) (%) Reduction in the volume of Proportion of enterprises e-waste being generated across the country that have 0 2023 20% 500 25 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA in the country disposed some electrical/ electronic items Proportion of households across the country that have MLGRD/MGEE/ access to e-waste manage- 44.50% 2022 35% 500 25 2024-2030 ZEMA ment systems (Take back centres, disposal facilities) Number of public private MCTI/MGEE/MoF- partnership innovations and 0 2022 3 3,000 150 2024-2030 NP/MLGRD/ZICTA/ investments in management ZEMA of e-waste developed Percentage of individuals with knowledge on the risks asso- MGEE/MLGRD/ 9.50% 2022 20% 500 25 2024-2030 ciated with improper disposal ZICTA/ZEMA of electrical/electronic waste Strategy Total 4500 225 Improve pollution Carbon capture utilisation Number of carbon capture prevention and and storage (CCUS) infra- utilisation and storage (CCUS) control in industrial structure at emission-in- infrastructure deployed at 0 2023 2 200,000 10,000 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI processes tensive and industry sites emission-intensive and deployed industry sites Pollution from indutrial Number of industries that processes monitored adopt Best Available Tech- 20% 2023 50% 50,000 2,500 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI nologies (BAT) for pollution prevention Percentage of industries 71% 2023 90% 50,000 2,500 2024-2030 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI monitored for pollution Strategy Total 300,000 15,000 81 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 82 Create an enabling Domesticate eco-labeling Eco-labeling classification by environment for classification by the the International Organi- 0 2023 800 800 40 2024 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI eco-labeling for International Organization zation for Standardization REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA products and for Standardization. domesticated services Develop guidelines for Number of guidelines for 0 2023 1 1,000 50 2026 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI eco-labeling eco-labeling Formulate incentives for Number of incentives for 0 2023 500 500 25 2025 MGEE/ZEMA/MCTI eco-labeling eco-labeling Strategy Total 2300 115 Outcome Total Budget 346,380 17,319 Pillar Total Budget 29,207,353 1,460,368 PILLAR 3: ENHANCED NATURAL CAPITAL Strengthened Reduce land degra- Land degradation reduced No. of land degradation neu- 7.50% 2018 2.50% 2,000 100 sustainable land dation and restore trality measures implemented MLNR/MGEE/ 2024-2026 management degraded areas Degraded land restored Hectarage of degraded land MLGRD 5,884,232 ha 2019 3,500,000 ha 100,000 5,000 restored Strategy Total 102,000 5,100 Promote sustaina- Land conversion sustaina- Guidelines for land conversion MLNR/MGEE/ 2 2021 5 500 25 2024-2026 ble land conversion bly managed developed MWDS No. of plans for management MLNR/MWDS/ 0 2022 1 500 25 2024-2026 of converted land developed MLGRD Strategy Total 1000 50 Protect ecologically Ecologically sensitive No. of ecologically sensitive MLNR/MGEE/ 0 2022 3 1,500 75 2024-2030 sensitive areas areas protected areas gazetted MWDS/MLGRD No. of management plans for MLNR/MGEE/ ecologically sensitive areas 0 2022 100% 500 25 2024-2030 MWDS/MLGRD developed Strategy Total 2000 100 Promote and en- Land zoning promoted No. of areas zoned for multi MLNR/MGEE/ 45 2022 116 69,600 3,480 2024-2030 force land zoning - use MWDS/MLGRD Strategy Total 69,600 3,480 Outcome Total Budget 174,600 8,730 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Strengthened Strengthen the Forestry policy and Revised forestry policy 0 2014 1 1,500 75 2024-2030 MGEE sustainable forest policy and regu- regulatory framework published resources and latory framework strengthened No. of forestry regulations ecosystem manage- on management of developed ment forests, protected 5 2021 8[2] 1,500 75 2024-2030 MGEE/MoJ and conservation areas Strategy Total 3,000 150 Enhance institu- Institutional capacity for Number of female and male 76 2022 1,000 504,000 25,200 2024-2030 MGEE tional capacity for law enforcement enhanced forest guards recruited the enforcement of Number of female and male forestry legislation 76 2022 1,000 500 25 2024-2030 MGEE forest guards trained Number of female and male honorary forestry officers 500 2022 7,000 10,000 500 2024-2030 MGEE recruited Number of female and male honorary forestry officers 500 2022 7,000 1,500 75 2024-2030 MGEE trained Number of machinery and 130 2022 280 260,000 13,000 2024-2030 MGEE equipment No. of districts linked to the 36 2023 116 3,000 150 2024-2030 MGEE Timber Traceability System Strategy Total 779,000 38,950 Promote forest Forest regeneration and Rate of deforestation 172,000 ha/Year 2018 120,000 1,500 75 regeneration and afforestation promoted No. of hectares regenerated 22,000ha/year 2023 6,000,000 600,000 30,000 2024-2030 MGEE afforestation No. of hectares afforested 4,737 ha/Yr 2021 10,000 ha/Yr 4,500 225 Strategy Total 606,000 30,300 Promote forest GHG emissions from Tonnes of CO2 equivalent carbon stock forests reduced emissions reduced (MtCO2eq) 43,804 Gg management 70,767 Gg CO2eq 2010 15,000 750 2024-2030 MGEE CO2eq programmes and projects Strategy Total 15,000 750 Promote invest- Forest - based enterprises No. of Forest - based enter- ments in environ- promoted prises promoted mentally friendly 19,800 2023 25,000 19,600 980 2024-2030 MGEE/MSMED forest-based 83 enterprises NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy Total 19,600 980 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 84 Enhance value Research in timber and No. of timber forest research 0 2023 5 8,000 400 2024-2030 MGEE chains and research non-timber forest prod- projects implemented on timber and ucts promoted No. of non-timber forest re- REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA non-timber forest search projects implemented 0 2023 5 8,000 400 2024-2030 MGEE products Strategy Total 16,000 800 Outcome Total Budget 1,438,600 71,930 Strengthened water Strengthen the Water Resources manage- No. of water protected areas 0 2022 10 5,325 266 2024-2027 MWDS management management of ment in protected areas mapped water resources in strengthened No. of water Resources Pro- protected areas 0 2022 14 8,000 400 2024-2027 MWDS tected Areas (WRPA) declared. Strategy Total 13,325 666 Promote sustaina- National and sub - nation- No. of national and sub - MWDS/MGEE/ ble water conserva- al campaigns on IWRM national campaigns conducted 1 2022 11 9,150 458 2024-2027 MLNR tion and utilization conducted on IWRM practices Community - based cli- No. of community - based MGEE/MoT/MoA/ mate resilience livelihood climate resilience livelihood 2 2021 3 15,000 750 2024-2027 MFL projects developed projects developed Strategy Total 24,150 1,208 Strengthen Water catchment manage- No. of water catchment man- MWDS/MLNR/ 0 2023 2 10,000 500 2024-2030 nature-based ment plans developed agement plans developed MGEE approaches in the Catchment areas equipped No. of catchment areas with management of with new and updated new and updated hydrological MWDS/MLNR/ watersheds/water hydrological equipment equipment and machinery 0 2022 6 17,400 870 2024-2030 MGEE catchments and machinery Strategy Total 27,400 1,370 Outcome Total Budget 64,875 3,244 Enhanced restora- Promote mining Environmentally friendly Guideline on the requirement tion of waste- technologies that mining technologies for acceptable environmental- MMMD/MGEE/ 0 2022 1 3,000 150 2024-2030 lands in mining limit environmental promoted ly friendly mining technolo- MoTS operations damage gies developed Audit of mines engaged in En- MMMD/MGEE/ vironmentally friendly mining 0 2022 50 5,000 250 2024-2030 MoTS technological activities No. of mines promoting en- MGEE/MMMD/ vironmentally friendly mining 0 2022 100 5,000 250 2024-2030 MLNR technologies Strategy Total 13,000 650 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Enhance the use Waste disposal technolo- No. of Waste disposal tech- of sustainable gies enhanced nologies adopted (engineered MGEE/MLGRD/ 0 2022 10 3,000 150 2024-2030 waste disposal landfills, waste dumps) MMMD technologies Strategy Total 3,000 150 Promote the Restoration and manage- Hectarage of mine wastelands restoration and ment of mine wastelands restored MGEE/MLGRD/ 0 2022 10 5,000 250 2024-2030 management of promoted MMMD mine wastelands Hectarage of mine wastelands MGEE/MLGRD/ 0 2022 15 5,000 250 2024-2030 progressively rehabilitated MMMD Strategy Total 10,000 500 Outcome Total Budget 26,000 1,300 Enhanced natural Strengthen the Policy and regulatory No. of Community Resource resource base for policy and regu- framework on the Boards (CRBs) with strength- ecotourism latory framework management of protected ened operational capacity 12 2023 82 4,100 205 2024-2026 MoT on management and conservation areas of protected and strengthened conservation areas Wildlife policy and No. of legislation reviewed regulatory framework 0 2015 8 4,000 200 2024-2030 MoT strengthened Strategy Total 8,100 405 Enhance institu- National Wildlife Adapta- National Wildlife Adaptation 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2026 MGEE/MoT tional capacity for tion Strategy developed Strategy published the enforcement of Institutional capacity for No. of female and male WPOs wildlife legislation law enforcement enhanced employed 1,600 2023 5,000 244,800 12,240 2024-2030 MoT No. of machinery and equip- 100 2022 150 150,000 7,500 2024-2030 MoT ment procured Strategy Total 396,300 19,815 Engage the Awareness campaigns No. of awareness campaigns 20 2023 200 5,400 270 2024-2030 MoT/MGEE/MLNR participation of Community engagement No. of community engagement local communities 35 2023 175 4,200 210 2024-2030 MoT meetings meetings in conservation Formation of Community No. of CRB formed 68 2023 82 840 42 2024-2030 MoT Resources Boards (CRB) Strategy Total 10,440 522 85 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 86 Provide alternative Establish community No. of community game livelihoods to game ranches for the ranches established. 3 168 10 1,500 75 2024-2030 communities living conservation of wildlife REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA in protected and species conservation areas Households provided with No. of female and male MoT/MoA/MFL/ alternative livelihoods headed households with 17,475 2017 34,950 3,800 190 2024-2030 MGEE/MSMED alternative livelihoods Strategy Total 5,300 265 Outcome Total Budget 420,140 21,007 Enhanced national Establish Official National Number of statistical stand- and sub-national environmental data Environmental Statistical ards legislated from the basic environmental and statistical Standards that are backed set of environmental statistics statistics and envi- standards by legislation 1 2022 14 30,000 1,500 2024-2030 ZamStats ronmental economic accounting for natural capital Strategy Total 30,000 1,500 Formulate a National framework for Number of national ZamStats/MoFNP/ comprehensive data collection, processing, frameworks for collection, MGEE/MWDS/ collection and man- management and dissem- processing, management and 0 2022 1 30,000 1,500 2024-2027 MoT/MLNR/MoE/ agement system ination of environmental dissemination of environmen- MMMD statistics tal statistics Strategy Total 30,000 1,500 Establish decision Automated and online Number of decision support support systems decision support systems systems and planning tools ZamStats/MoFNP/ and planning tools and planning tools for all established and functional MGEE/MWDS/ the sectors covered under 1 2022 7 25,000 1,250 2024-2030 MoT/MLNR/MoE/ the thematic areas of MMMD environmental economic accounting Strategy Total 25,000 1,250 Undertake periodic Annual Environmental Eco- Number of Environmental (annual) environ- nomic Accounts at Nation- Economic Accounts produced ZamStats/MoFNP/ mental economic al and Sub-National levels for each of the eight thematic MGEE/MWDS/ accounting for for the eight thematic areas of environmental eco- 3 2022 8 14,000 700 2024-2030 MoT/MLNR/MoE/ natural capital areas of Environmental nomic accounting at National MMMD at national and Economic Accounting and Sub-National levels. sub-national levels Strategy Total 14,000 700 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Capacity building Critical mass of human Number of personnel from and institutional capital for environmental multiple institutions and strengthening with economic accounting agencies trained in environ- ZamStats/MoFNP/ respect to environ- established and enhanced mental economic accounting MGEE/MWDS/ mental statistics 0 2022 100 10,000 500 2024-2030 MoT/MLNR/MoE/ and environmental MMMD economic account- ing for natural capital Strategy Total 10,000 500 Outcome Total Budget 109,000 5,450 Pillar Total Budget 2,233,215 111,661 PILLAR 4: IMPROVED INCLUSIVITY Enhanced opportu- Facilitate green Green business develop- Number of business devel- MGEE/MSMED/ nities for sustaina- business develop- ment services to MSMEs opment service providers 0 2023 200 6,000 300 2024-2030 MCTI ble livelihoods ment services to and Cooperatives provided. (BDSPs) trained in green BDS MSMEs and Coop- Number of female and eratives male owned/led MSMEs and Cooperatives receiving 0 2023 4,000 8,000 400 2024-2030 MSMED/MGEE green business development services Strategy Total 14,000 700 Promote research, Research, innovation Number of female and male innovation and and clean technology to owned/led MSMEs and Co- clean technology MSMEs and Cooperatives operatives linked to research MSMED/MCTI/ including digital promoted. and innovation institutions. 0 2023 4,000 1,000 50 2024-2030 MGEE technology to MSMEs and Cooper- atives. Strategy Total 1,000 50 Facilitate access Access to green finance by Proportion of green MSMEs to affordable green MSMEs and Cooperatives and Cooperatives accessing MGEE/MoFNP/ 0 2023 20% 1,500 75 2024-2030 finance for MSMEs increased. green financing. MSMED and Cooperatives. MSMEs and Cooperatives Number of green value chains integrated in green com- integrating MSMEs and 0 2023 1000 1,000 50 2024-2030 MSMED/MGEE mercial value chains. Cooperatives. 87 Strategy Total 2,500 125 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Outcome Total Budget 17,500 875 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 88 Strengthened Revise the social Social protection policy Revised social protection inclusive social protection policy revised policy published protection to ensure that REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA it combines the 0 2023 1 500 25 2024-2025 MCDSS/MLSS economic, social, and environmental facets of sustaina- ble development Strategy Total 500 25 Promote social Social dialogue and Number of social dialogues dialogue and the active involvement with involving stakeholders, active involvement stakeholders, persons persons with disabilities 0 2023 7 700 35 2024-2030 MCDSS/MLSS of stakeholders, with disabilities and and other vulnerable groups including vul- other vulnerable groups promoted. nerable groups to promoted. increase awareness Integrated and inclusive Integrated and inclusive of the green growth communication strategy communication strategy agenda. to support green economy developed. 0 1 300 15 2024-2025 MCDSS/MLSS and environmental sus- tainability developed Strategy Total 1,000 50 Outcome Total Budget 1,500 75 Increased access to Increase access to Access to basic water percentage of female and basic services water supply and supply services increased male the population with 72.00% 2022 100% 40,530,000 2,026,500 2024-2030 MWDS/MIHUD sanitation services access to basic water supply services Access to basic sanitation percentage of female and services increased male the population with 54.00% 2022 100% 25,200,000 1,260,000 2024-2030 MWDS/MIHUD access to basic sanitation services Strategy Total 65,730,000 3,286,500 Increase access to Access to electricity in Percentage of female and electricity in rural rural areas increased male population in rural areas 8.1 2018 51% 8,000,000 400,000 2024-2030 MoE/REA/ZESCO areas with access to electricity. Strategy Total 8,000,000 400,000 Reduce the Tracking of diseases and Number of districts with func- incidence of climate trends related to climate tional surveillance systems 0 2024 116 1,000,000 50000 2024-2030 MoH sensitive diseases change strengthened integrated with climate-sensi- tive diseases. Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Research in climate sensi- Number of research outputs 8 2023 20 36,000 1800 2024-2025 MoH tive diseases enhanced on climate sensitive diseases Health promotion activi- Number of health promotion ties on climate sensitive activities on climate sensitive 18 2023 52 120,000 6000 2024-2030 MoH diseases strengthened diseases Domestic water purifi- Number of climate sensitive cation in hotspots for diseases' hotspots with 15 2023 45 200,000 10000 2024-2030 MoH climate-sensitive diseases domestic water purification improved Strategy Total 1,356,000 67,800 Outcome Total Budget 75,086,000 3,754,300 Enhanced educa- Revise the existing Green growth learning and Green growth learning and tion, training and curricula at all lev- training needs assessment training needs assessment MoEducation/ 0 2023 1 3,000 150 2024-2026 skills development els of the education at all levels of the educa- report at all levels of the MoTS for inclusive green system to integrate tion system conducted education system published jobs green growth Green growth at all levels Number of curricula revised to of the education curricula integrate green growth 0 2023 6 12,000 600 2024-2030 MGEE integrated Strategy Total 15,000 750 Develop a national National green jobs plan National green jobs plan MoFNP/MGEE/ 0 2023 1 2,000 100 2024-2030 and sectoral green developed published MLSS jobs plan Sectoral green jobs plans Sectoral green jobs plans MoFNP/MGEE/ developed published 0 2023 4 8,000 400 2024-2030 MLSS/MoA/MFL/ MoE/MoT Green growth training and Green growth training and MGEE/MLSS/ skills needs assessment skills needs assessment 0 2021 1 2,000 100 2024-2026 MoTS/MoA/MoEd- conducted report published ucation Apprenticeship pro- Number of female and male grammes on green jobs apprenticeship programmes 0 2023 10 10,000 500 2024-2030 MLSS/MoTS developed on green jobs developed Green growth awareness Number of green growth and sensitization cam- awareness and sensitization paigns to support lifelong campaigns among workers’ 0 2023 14 1,400 70 2024-2030 MGEE/MLSS learning among workers’ unions unions conducted Strategy Total 23,400 1170 Outcome Total Budget 38,400 1,920 89 Pillar Total Budget 75,143,400 3,757,170 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 90 PILLAR 5: ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR GREEN GROWTH Strengthened reg- Mainstream green Green growth actions Number of national policies MGEE/MoA/MFL/ ulatory and policy growth in national in national policies with green growth actions 5 2023 9 3,600 180 2024-2030 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA MoE/MoT frameworks and sub-national integrated integrated. policies Green growth actions Number of District Integrated MGEE/MLGRD/ in sub-national plans Development Plans with green 10 2023 116 21,200 1,060 2024-2030 Local authorities integrated growth actions integrated. Strategy Total 24,800 1,240 Enhance Compliance to policies Number of capacity building enforcement and and regulations on the activities targeting envi- implementation of environment and natural ronmental law compliance existing policies resources increased undertaken: and regulations Training of female and male on the environ- MHAIS/MoJ/MGEE/ officers in environmental law 1,052 2023 3,000 6,818 341 2024-2030 ment and natural Local Authorities enforcement resources Number of community educa- MGEE/MoT/MGEE/ tion and awareness activities 242 per year 2023 484 16,940 847 2024-2030 Local Authorities undertaken Strategy Total 23,758 1,188 Develop policies Policy and regulations for Policy on management of inert 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2030 MoTS/MoE and regulations the management of inert gases developed that promote green gases developed Regulations on management growth 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2030 MoTS/MoE of inert gases developed Strategy Total 3,000 150 Outcome Total Budget 51,558 2,578 Enhanced mobili- Establish strategic National Green Finance National Green Finance MoFNP/BoZ/SEC/ zation of financial policies for a green Strategy Developed Strategy published 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2024-2025 PIA resources financial system (including CSR) Green financial sector Number of green financial MoFNP/BoZ/SEC/ 2 2023 6 6,000 300 2024-2025 strategies developed sector strategies PIA Green financial sector Number of green financial MoFNP/BoZ/SEC/ 1 2023 3 4,500 225 2024-2026 regulations developed sector regulations PIA Green growth fund Green growth fund MoFNP/MGEE/ 0 2023 1 5,000 250 2024-2028 established BoZ/SEC/PIA Green finance principles Number of sectoral strategies MoFNP/BoZ/SEC/ incorporated in sectoral with embedded green finance 3 2023 10 2,100 105 2024-2026 PIA strategies principles National green taxonomy National green taxonomy MoFNP/MGEE/ 0 2023 1 2,000 100 2024-2025 developed published BoZ/SEC/PIA Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Public sector budget Percentage of public sector resources realigned for budget realigned for execution 0.6 2022 10 5,000 250 2024-2030 MoFNP/MGEE execution of green growth of green growth actions actions Strategy Total 26,100 1305 Increase supply Incentives for investors Number of new green incen- MoFNP/MGEE/ and demand for and lenders provided tives for investors and lenders 1 2022 10 5,000 250 2024-2026 BoZ/SEC/PIA transition and green provided finance in Zambia Incentives for developers Number of new green MoFNP/MGEE/ and borrowers provided incentives for developers and 1 2022 10 5,000 250 2024-2026 BoZ/SEC/PIA borrowers provided Training on the design of Number of annual trainings green finance products, for public and private sector 3 per year/21 MoFNP/MGEE/ services and projects to officials conducted 3 2023 trainings up 2,520 126 2024-2030 BoZ/SEC/PIA the public and private to 2030 sector conducted Principles of project Number of project preparation preparation embedded facilities established MoFNP/MGEE/ 3 2023 20 5,000 250 2024-2030 in project development BoZ/SEC/PIA processes Online portal of green Functional online portal of MoFNP/MGEE/ 0 2023 1 10,000 500 2024-2030 pipeline projects created green pipeline projects BoZ/SEC/PIA Green growth resource Green growth resource mobili- MoFNP/MGEE/ mobilization strategy zation strategy published 0 2023 1 1,500 75 2023-2024 BoZ/SEC/PIA developed Strategy Total 29,020 1,451 Strengthen Curriculum in green Green finance curriculum MoEducation/ capacity-building finance developed published MoTS/MoFNP/ 0 2023 1 2,100 105 2024-2025 and research and MGEE/BoZ/SEC/ development among PIA stakeholders Research capacity of Number of female and male MoFNP/BoZ/SEC/ financial institutions and officials from financial and 40 2023 1,000 5,000 250 2024-2030 PIA academia strengthened academic institutions trained Green finance innovation Number of green finance MoFNP/BoZ/SEC/ 1 2023 5 2,000 100 2024-2030 hubs developed innovation hubs PIA Strategy Total 9,100 455 91 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency 92 Enhance the Green finance tagging and Report on green finance MoFNP/MGEE/ assessment, reporting system for the tagging and reporting system 0 2023 7 2,700 135 2024-2030 BoZ/SEC/PIA measurement and public sector developed for the public sector REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA reporting of green Green finance tagging and Report on green finance finance activities MoFNP/MGEE/ reporting system for the tagging and reporting system 0 2023 7 2,700 135 2024-2030 and their impacts. BoZ/SEC/PIA private sector developed for the private sector Green finance tagging and Report on green finance MoFNP/MGEE/ reporting system for the tagging and reporting system 0 2023 7 2,700 135 2024-2030 BoZ/SEC/PIA financial sector developed for the financial sector Sustainability reporting Sustainability report in the annual financial MoFNP/MGEE/ 0 2023 25 5,000 250 2024-2030 reports for the public and BoZ/SEC/PIA private sectors promoted Strategy Total 13,100 655 Outcome Total Budget 77,320 3,866 Strengthened hu- Formulate a Human Resource Human Resource Development man and technical comprehensive Development Plan for Plan for green growth in 0 2023 1 2,000 100 2024-2026 MGEE/MDD capacity Human Resource green growth in Zambia Zambia published Capacity Develop- formulated ment Framework for Training of focal points in Number of female and male greening growth in green growth conducted focal points trained 100 2023 800 3,500 175 2024-2030 MGEE/MDD Zambia Participation in regional Number of green growth MoFNP/MGEE/ and international fora on regional and international fora 5 2023 10 21,000 1,050 2024-2030 BoZ/SEC/PIA green growth enhanced. Strategy Total 26,500 1,325 Enhance institu- Research on climate, Research on climate, peace tional capacity peace and security in and security in Zambia 0 2023 5 10,000 500 2023-2024 MoA/MGEE/MLNR building in climate Zambia conducted published peace and security Training on climate, peace Training on climate, peace and 0 2023 6 2,100 105 2024-2030 MoA/MGEE/MLNR and security conducted security conducted Strategy Total 12,100 605 Outcome Total Budget 38,600 1,930 Enhanced research, Nurture and attract Green technology special- Number of female and male MoTS/MGEE/ technology and green technology ists trained green technology specialists 25 2023 500 20,000 1,000 2024-2030 MoEducation innovation capacity specialists trained Strategy Total 20,000 1,000 Strategy/Inter- Year of Cost (1US$/K20)) Implementing Outcome Output Indicator Baseline Target Time frame vention Baseline ZMW (’000) US$ (’000) Agency Establish green re- Green research and Number of green research search and develop- development community and development clusters ment community of of practice composed established MoTS/MGEE/ practice composed of industries, academia, 1 2023 6 28,000 1,400 2024-2030 MoEducation of industries, aca- and research institutions demia, and research established institutions Strategy Total 28,000 1,400 Create fora for Forum for green technol- Green technology commercial- MoTS/NTBC/ green technology ogy commercialization ization forum functional MoEducation/ including digital created 0 2023 1 2,000 100 2024-2030 MoE/Academic technology com- and research mercialisation institutions Strategy Total 2,000 100 Promote the Exchange of green knowl- Number of Memoranda of MoTS/NTBC/ exchange of green edge with leading global Understanding with leading MoEducation/ knowledge with research institutions global research institutions 0 2023 5 1,000 50 2024-2030 MoE/Academic leading global re- promoted and research search institutions institutions Strategy Total 1,000 50 Outcome Total Budget 51,000 2,550 Pillar Total Budget 218,478 10,924 Green Growth Strategy Total Budget 208,105,555 10,405,278 93 NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY 2024 - 2030 REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA 94