National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008: National norms and standards for disposal of waste to landfill (GN. 636 of 2013)

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: WASTE ACT, 2008 (ACT NO. 59 OF 2008) NATIONAL NORMS AND STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE TO LANDFILL I, Bomo Edith Edna Mo lewa, Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs, hereby set national norms and standard for the assessment of waste for landfill disposal, under section 7(1)(c) of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008), in the Schedule hereto. BOMO EiITH EDNA MOLEWA MINISTER OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS 34 No. 36784 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 23 AUGUST 2013 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za No. R. 636 23 August 2013 SCHEDULE TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTERPRETATION AND PURPOSE 1. Definitions 2. Purpose and Application CHAPTER 2 STANDARD CONTAINMENT BARRIER DESIGN, WASTE ACCEPTANCE AND WASTE DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS 3. Landfill Classification and Containment Barrier Design 4. Waste Acceptance Criteria for Disposal to Landfill 5. Waste Disposal Restrictions STAATSKOERANT, 23 AUGUSTUS 2013 No. 36784 35 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za CHAPTER 1 INTERPRETATION AND PURPOSE Definitions 1. In these National Norms and Standards, any word or expression to which a meaning has been assigned in the Act has that same meaning, and unless the context requires otherwise "the Act" means the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008); "the Regulations" means the Waste Classification and Management Regulations, 2013. Purpose and Application 2. These Norms and Standards determine the requirements for the disposal of waste to landfill as contemplated in regulation 8(1)(b) and (c) of the Regulations. CHAPTER 2 STANDARD CONTAINMENT BARRIER DESIGN, WASTE ACCEPTANCE AND WASTE DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS Landfill Classification and Containment Barrier Design 3 (1) The containment barriers of landfills for the disposal of waste in terms of section 4 of these Norms and Standards must comply with the following minimum engineering design requirements 36 No. 36784 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 23 AUGUST 2013 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za (a) Class A Landfill: bod 200 mm Storw leachate collection s.ystecil 100 mm Protemoi I er of silty and or a geotexiiik performance 2 mm HDPE 600 mm Cornpaned liner (in 4 x 150 mm tat" .r -,i Geot ytile filter layer 50 mm Leakage dc,tection sy5tem of mita: mater:al or gi-fosnthetic equivalent 100 mm Protection sand geotext;le of egtityner,1 pe:locmance 1,5 mm gecrm,.,mhrT,Fie 200 Tr rrl m cted CI,ds ; F.1E' in situ preparation layer (b) Class B Landfill: a .111101111 ZN\ Waste body Geotextile 150 mm Stone leachate collection system 100 mm Protection layer of silty sand or a Geotextile of equivalent performance 1,5 mm HDPE Geomembrane 600 mm Compacted clay liner (in 4x 150 mm layers) Under drainage and monitoring system and 150 mm Base preparation layer In situ soil STAATSKOERANT, 23 AUGUSTUS 2013 No. 36784 37 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za (c) Class C Landfill: Waste body 300 mm thick finger drain of geotextRe covered aggrt,,gate 100 mrd P{OtectIC1 layer n sHty sand or a geotextile ecitlivalent performance rriM tiiicK HOPE cre; )T1;-?.rnbrarie 300mm clay liner (of >; I SC) mm thick layers) Under cirainac.rie monitoring system in basEr orcpa;ation layer In situ soil (d) Class D Landfill: Waste body 150mm Base preparation layer In situ soil (2) The following containment barrier requirements must be included in an application for waste management licence approval of a landfill site or cell (a) design reports and drawings that must be certified by a registered, professional civil engineer prior to submission to the competent authority; (b) service life considerations that must be quantified taking into account temperature effects on containment barriers; (c) total solute seepage (inorganic and organic) that must be calculated in determining acceptable leakage rates and action leakage rates; (d) alternative elements of proven equivalent performance which has been considered, such as the replacement of (i) granular filters or drains with geosynthetic filters or drains; 38 No. 36784 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 23 AUGUST 2013 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za (3) (ii) protective soil layers with geotextiles; or (iii) clay components with geomembranes or geosynthetic clay liners; (e) All drainage layers must contain drainage pipes of adequate size, spacing and strength to ensure atmospheric pressure within the drainage application for the service life of the landfill; (f) Alternative design layouts for slopes exceeding 1:4 (vertical: horizontal) may be considered provided equivalent performance is demonstrated; (g) Construction Quality Assurance during construction; (h) Geosynthetic materials must comply with relevant South African National Standard specifications, or any prescribed management practice or standards which ensure equivalent performance; and (i) Consideration of the compatibility of liner material with the waste stream, in particular noting the compatibility of natural and modified clay soils exposed to waste containing salts. The classification and containment barrier design of all new landfills, as well as new working cells at existing landfills, must be implemented in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards. (4) Notwithstanding section 3(3) of these Norms and Standards, waste may be disposed of in terms of section 4(1), (2), (3) and (4) of these Norms and Standards at landfills with the liner design requirements for landfills contained in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Edition, 1998; Department of Water Affairs and Forestry), or at landfills with an alternative liner design approved by the competent authority for the life-span of the operational cell, subject to the following conditions (a) the current working cell at the landfill was operating lawfully in terms of the Act prior to the Regulations coming into operation; (b) the next working cell at the landfill was legally approved prior to the Regulations coming into operation; or STAATSKOERANT, 23 AUGUSTUS 2013 No. 36784 39 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za (c) an application for approval of a new landfill or working cell was submitted to the competent authority, and a decision has not been taken or is still under consideration prior to the Regulations coming into operation. Waste Acceptance Criteria for Disposal to Landfill 4. (1) Waste assessed in terms of the Norms and Standards for Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal set in terms of section 7(1) of the Act must be disposed to a licensed landfill as follows: Waste Type Landfill Disposal Requirements Type 0 Waste The disposal of Type 0 waste to landfill is not allowed. The waste must be treated and re-assessed in terms of the Norms and Standards for Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal. Type 1 Waste Type 1 waste may only be disposed of at a Class A landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a Hh / HH landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 1998). Type 2 Waste Type 2 waste may only be disposed of at a Class B landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). Type 3 Waste Type 3 waste may only be disposed of at a Class C landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). Type 4 Waste Type 4 waste may only be disposed of at a Class D landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, may be disposed of at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). 40 No. 36784 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 23 AUGUST 2013 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za (2) Waste listed in section 2(a) of Annexure 1 to the Regulations and destined for disposal to landfill must be disposed of as follows Listed Waste Landfill Disposal Requirements (i) Domestic waste. (ii) Business waste not containing hazardous waste or hazardous chemicals. (iii) Non-infectious animal carcasses. (iv) Garden waste. Disposal only allowed at a Class B landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norm and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). (v) Post-consumer packaging. (vi) Waste tyres. Disposal only allowed at a Class C landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). (vii) Building and demolition waste not containing hazardous waste or hazardous chemicals. (viii) Excavated earth material not containing hazardous waste or hazardous chemicals. Disposal allowed at a Class D landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB- landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). (3) Unless assessed in terms of the Norms and Standards for Assessment of Waste for Landfill Disposal set in terms of section 7(1) of the Act and disposed of in terms of section 4(1) of these Norms and Standards, the following wastes included in section 2(b) of Annexure 1 to the Regulations and destined for disposal to landfill must be disposed of as follows Listed Waste Landfill Disposal Requirements (i) Asbestos Waste. (ii) Expired, spoilt or hazardous products. unusable Disposal only allowed at a Class A landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and STAATSKOERANT, 23 AUGUSTUS 2013 No. 36784 41 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za (iii) PCBs (or rather PCB containing waste (>50ppm)) (iv) General waste, excluding domestic waste, which contains hazardous waste or hazardous chemicals. (v) Mixed, hazardous chemical wastes from analytical laboratories and laboratories from academic institutions in containers less than 100 litres. Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a Hh / HH landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). (4) Waste that has been classified in terms of the Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste (2nd Edition, 1998; Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) prior to the Regulations coming into operation, may be accepted and disposed of as set out below for a period not exceeding three (3) years after the date of coming into operation of the Regulations Waste Landfill Disposal Requirements Hazardous Waste - Hazard Rating 1 or 2 Disposal only allowed at a Class A landfill designed in accordance with Section 3(1) and 3(2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to Section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a HH landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). Hazardous Waste - Hazard Rating 3 or 4 Disposal only allowed at a Class A landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a Hh landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). Hazardous Waste - Delisted Disposal only allowed at a Class B landfill designed in accordance with section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to section 3(4) of this Norms and Standards, at a landfill site designed in accordance with the requirements for a GLB+ landfill as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste 42 No. 36784 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 23 AUGUST 2013 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). Disposal only allowed at a Class B landfill designed in accordance with Section 3(1) and (2) of these Norms and Standards, or, subject to Section 3(4) of these Norms and Standards, at a landfill General Waste site designed in accordance with the requirements for a general waste site, G S/M/L B/B+ as specified in the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill (2nd Ed., DWAF, 1998). (5) Notwithstanding the requirements of section 4(1), (2) and (3) of these Norms and Standards, waste may be disposed of at landfills with a higher level of containment design than specified, subject to the restriction in section 5(2)(a)(ii) of these Norms and Standards. Waste Disposal Restrictions 5. (1) The following prohibitions and restrictions on the disposal of waste to landfill comes into effect after the timeframes indicated for each waste from the date of the Regulations coming into operation Waste Prohibited or Restricted in terms of Disposal Compliance Timeframe (a) Waste which, in the conditions of a landfill, is explosive, corrosive, oxidizing (according to SANS 10234 or SANS10228). Immediate (b) Waste with a pH value of <6 or >12. Immediate (c) Flammable waste with a closed cup flashpoint lower than 61° Celsius. Immediate (d) Reactive waste that may react with water, air, acids or components of the waste, or that could generate unacceptable amounts of toxic gases within the landfill. Immediate (e) Waste compressed gases (according to SANS 10234 or SANS 10228). Immediate (f) Untreated Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW). Immediate (g) (i) POPs pesticides listed under the Stockholm Convention. (ii) Other waste pesticides. Eight (8) years Four (4) years (h) Lead acid batteries. Immediate (i) Other batteries. Eight (8) years (j) Re-usable, recoverable or recyclable used lubricating mineral oils, as well as oil filters, but excluding other oil containing wastes. Four (4) years STAATSKOERANT, 23 AUGUSTUS 2013 No. 36784 43 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Waste Prohibited or Restricted in terms of Disposal Compliance Timeframe (k) Re-usable, recoverable or recyclable used or spent solvents. Five (5) years (I) PCB containing wastes (>50 mg/kg or 50 ppm). Five (5) years (m) Hazardous Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Lamps. Three (3) years (n) Hazardous Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Other. Eight (8) years (o) Waste tyres: Whole. Immediate (p) Waste tyres: Quartered. Five (5) years (q) Liquid waste (i) Waste which has an angle of repose of less than 5 degrees, or becomes free-flowing at or below 60 °C or when it is transported, or is not generally capable of being picked up by a spade or shovel; or (ii) Waste with a moisture content of >40% or that liberates moisture under pressure in landfill conditions, and which has not been stabilised by treatment. Six (6) years (r) Hazardous waste with a calorific value of: (i) > 25 MJ/kg. (ii) > 20 MJ/kg. (iii) > 10 MJ/kg. (iv) > 6% TOC. Four (4) years Six (6) years Twelve (12) years Fifteen (15) years (s) Brine or waste with a high salt content (TDS > 5%), and a leachable concentration for TDS of more than 100 000 mg/I. Eight (8) years (t) Disposal of garden waste: (i) 25% diversion from the baseline at a particular landfill of separated garden waste. (ii) 50% diversion from the baseline at a particular landfill of separated garden waste Five (5) years Ten (10) years (u) Infectious animal carcasses and animal waste. Immediate (2) The following prohibitions and restrictions on activities related to the disposal of waste to landfill comes into effect after the timeframes indicated for each activity from the date of the Regulations taking effect Prohibited or Restricted Waste Disposal Activities Timeframe (a) Disposal of (i) Type 1 Waste that has been treated, with waste listed in Five (5) years 44 No. 36784 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 23 AUGUST 2013 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za paragraph (2)(a) of Annexure 1 to the Regulations; (ii) Waste classified as hazardous in terms of regulation 4(1), or waste listed in paragraph (2)(b) of Annexure 1 to the Regulations, with waste listed in paragraph (2)(a) of Annexure 1 to the Five (5) years Regulations; and (iii) Type 4 Waste with any waste other than Type 4, unless part of treatment. Five (5) years (b) Macro-encapsulation of waste, meaning the isolation (or long-term storage) of waste through containment in containers within a sealed or reinforced cell in a specifically prepared and engineered area within a permitted hazardous waste landfill. Eight (8) years STAATSKOERANT, 23 AUGUSTUS 2013 No. 36784 45 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za