National Aquaculture Development Program for the Period of 2021 - 2030

PRIME MINISTER OF VIETNAM SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom – Happiness No. 985/QD-TTg Hanoi, August 16, 2022 DECISION THE NATIONAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE PERIOD OF 2021 - 2030 PRIME MINISTER Pursuant to Law on Governmental Organization dated June 19, 2015; Law on amendments to Law on Government Organization and Law on Local Governmental Organization dated November 22, 2019; Pursuant to the Law on Aquaculture dated November 21, 2017; Pursuant to Decision No. 339/QD-TTg dated March 1, 2021 of Prime Minister approving the National Aquaculture Development Strategy of Vietnam until 2030 and vision until 2045; At request of Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development. HEREBY DECIDES: Article 1. Approve the National Aquaculture Development Program for the period of 2021 - 2030 (hereinafter referred to as “National Program”) as follows: I. OBJECTIVES 1. General objectives Develop aquaculture in a manner that is effective, sustainable, and adapting to climate change; improve efficiency, quality, value, and competitiveness of aquaculture products; satisfy domestic and export market requirements. By 2030, aquaculture productivity reaches 7,0 million tonne/year, creates jobs, and increases income for employees. 2. Specific objectives a) For the period of 2021 - 2025 By 2025, total aquaculture productivity reaches 5,6 million tonne/year, export turnover reaches 7,8 billion USD/year, aquaculture value growth rate reaches 4,0 %/year on average. Actively produce and supply more than 50% of giant tiger prawns parents, more than 25% of whiteleg shrimps parents, and more than 70% of selectively bred pangasius fish parents; actively produce and supply sufficient breeders of high economic value and great commodity quantity. Invest, upgrade infrastructures essential for production of more than 30 centralized aquaculture zones and centralized seed production zones. Develop connection chains for producing, processing, consuming, ensuring stable outlets for more than 30% of aquaculture products. b) During 2026 - 2030 By 2030, total aquaculture productivity reaches 7,0 million tonne/year, export turnover reaches 12 billion USD/year, aquaculture value growth rate reaches 4,5 %/year on average. Actively produce and supply more than 60% of giant tiger prawns parents and whiteleg shrimps parents, and 100% of selectively bred pangasius fish parents; improve breeders of aquaculture breeds with high economic value and great commodity quantity. Invest, upgrade infrastructures essential for production of more than 50 centralized aquaculture zones and centralized seed production zones. Develop connection chains for producing, processing, consuming, ensuring stable outlets for more than 50% of aquaculture products. II. CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM 1. Develop production of aquaculture breeds a) Improve aquaculture production capacity Attract types of ownership to invest in researching, producing, and developing aquaculture breeds, satisfy production demands. Encourage organizations, enterprises, and individuals to develop, adopt quality control and biosafety systems, and quality indicators in producing, nursing aquaculture breeds. Develop standards and testing methods to control, assess, appraise, and inspect quality of aquaculture breed. b) Develop production of aquaculture breeds by species For brackish-water shrimps: Continue programs for domesticating giant tiger prawns and selective breeding of whiteleg shrimps in order to facilitate domestic production. Breeder shrimps are subject to quality control before and during market circulation and do not carry dangerous pathogens as per the law. For pangasius fish: Continue selective breeding programs which aim to improve quality, satisfy market demand, adapt to climate change, and be able to resist commonly found dangerous diseases. Pangasius fish breeds are subject to quality control before and during market circulation and do not carry dangerous pathogens as per the law. For breeds that have been subject to artificial seed production: Adopt new technical measures, transfer new technologies in producing, nursing, selecting breeds to improve seed quality. For breeds that have not subject to artificial seed production: Closely monitor quantity and quality of breeds imported and naturally extracted. Research, receive, and apply technologies in producing and nursing breeds. For seaweeds, microalgae, domestic aquatic animals, aquaculture breeds serving decorative, ornamental, cosmetic, pharmaceutical purposes: 2. Aquaculture development a) Develop species-based rearing For brackish-water shrimps: + Apply new and advanced technologies in production to save water, fuel, stay environmentally friendly, move towards antibiotic-free production, create products with high quality, value, and satisfy market demand; rear after obtaining certification; rear while reducing greenhouse gas emission, reducing the use of plastic materials, and reducing environmental pollution. + Diversify rearing methods for every region and adapt to climate change. Develop shrimp rearing in saltwater intruded lands, land previously used for agriculture production with low productivity depending on natural conditions and local areas’ land use planning and plans. + Priority rearing methods that control temperature during the winter for coastal provinces from Quang Ninh Province to Thua Thien Hue Province. +Prioritize rearing methods for giant tiger prawns in mangrove forests, organic rearing methods, rice-shrimp rearing; continue to develop rearing methods for whiteleg shrimps in areas with suitable conditions to meet market demands, fulfill local planning for coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta. For pangasius fish: + Continue to develop pangasius fish rearing in the Mekong Delta and areas with suitable conditions while adhering to the provinces’ land use planning and plans. + Closely control rearing facility conditions in accordance with applicable laws, encourage expansion of rearing area in order to create high quality products satisfying food safety and market demands. + Encourage application of new, water-efficient rearing technologies adapting to climate change and wastewater and sludge treatment technologies. For tilapias: Continue to develop centralized rearing zones in freshwater, brackish water, saltwater lakes; rear in floating cages. Apply new technologies in producing and creating commodity-scale products for export processing. For marine fish, lobster, mollusks: + Implement details regarding development of marine fish, lobster, mollusks under Decision No. 1664/QD-TTg dated October 4, 2021 of the Prime Minister. + Manage and closely control rearing facility conditions as per the law; arrange and set up rearing cage density in order to satisfy technical requirements and environmental load for lobsters. Apply and test lobster rearing methods with cages in offshore waters and land-based rearing (in circular filtration tanks). + Develop centralized mollusks rearing areas that meet technical requirements and standards of other markets; closely monitor quality, food safety, and disease safety. For coldwater fish: + Apply new technologies in farming to save water, protect the environment, produce large quantity, and yield high quality for domestic and export market. + Diversify coldwater fish-based products (salted fish roe, smoked fish, etc.) to improve product quality. For seaweed, microalgae, aquaculture breeds serving decorative, ornamental, cosmetic, pharmaceutical purposes: + Apply new technologies in developing valuable seaweed species in areas with appropriate ecosystem, producing great quantity, satisfying quality requirements, food safety and market demand, and increasing carbon credit. + Organize and rearrange available aquaculture zones and develop aquaculture zones for breeds serving decorative, ornamental, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical purposes together with developing service, material, technical support provision, and consumption system. Invest in new science and technology to promote production of ornamental species on commodity scale. For crustaceans (other than brackish water shrimps and lobsters): + Develop models specializing farming, inter-cropping, rotation farming for giant river prawns (shrimp-rice farming, giant river prawn farming in paddy fields, giant river prawn farming with other aquatic breeds). Establish centralized farming zones in provinces with appropriate conditions, utilize land area and water surface in areas prone to climate change and saltwater intrusion for giant river prawn farming to improve productivity, value, and effectiveness. + Develop intensive farming models, farming models combining with other crustaceans in appropriate ecozones. Apply science and technology in production to improve efficiency, quality, and product value. For traditional, endemic, specialty fishes: + Reorganize aquaculture zones for endemic breeds, specialty breeds, apply new technology in production, satisfy food safety and disease safety conditions. + Take advantage of water surface potential of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, hydroelectricity reservoirs, irrigation reservoirs to develop aquaculture, supply food, create livelihood, promote poverty reduction and hunger eradication, and increase income of the general public. b) Control quality, food safety, and traceability in aquaculture. Publicize regulations and law and requirements of import market regarding quality and food safety in production, harvest, and transport of aquaculture products. Develop farming zones satisfying food safety, monitor chemical, drugs, and antibiotic residue; develop and apply product traceability in accordance with regulations and law and market demand. Inspect and supervise compliance with regulations and take actions against violations in quality, safety, traceability of aquaculture products. Develop legislative document systems regarding quality, food safety, conformity assessment, and actions against violations in food safety. c) Control epidemic and monitor the environment in aquaculture Develop farming facilities and aquaculture zones free of diseases, prioritizing key aquaculture breeds and species with great value. Develop standards and regulations regarding aquaculture water and wastewater quality from aquaculture zones. Encourage organizations and individuals to invest in environmental monitoring and warning in centralized seed production and aquaculture zones; apply new technologies on digital platform to assess impact of climate change, saltwater intrusion, and promptly inform monitoring results to allow producers to handle environmental emergencies and deal with diseases. 3. Investment in upgrade of aquaculture infrastructures Continue to invest, upgrade, and complete necessary infrastructures in several centralized seed production zones, centralized aquaculture zones in order to facilitate effective and sustainable production; prioritize investment in farming areas of priority species, species with great commodity quantity to develop farming zones satisfying food safety, disease prevention, environmentally friendly, and market demands. Invest in upgrading and developing infrastructures for training, researching, storing, applying, and transferring technologies in producing, nursing seeds and aquaculture. Invest in developing trade, service, and commerce centers for aquaculture materials, equipment, and products, especially in border provinces and key aquaculture zones. 4. Development of material and auxiliary industry production, supply systems for aquaculture. Develop aquaculture feed production for each farming subjects, methods, conditions in a way that reduces dependence on fishmeal; increase the percentage of domestic ingredients in order to reduce product cost, dependence on import materials, and protect the environment. Develop aquaculture environmental remediation products using environmentally friendly materials suitable with farming subjects and methods. Develop aquaculture veterinary drugs using environmentally friendly ingredients and slowly replace antibiotics in aquaculture. Develop production and use of new materials, machinery, and equipment in a safe, energy efficient, and environmental protection manner in aquaculture. Develop standards and testing methods to control, assess, appraise, and inspect quality of aquaculture materials. Encourage types of ownership to invest in technology transfer, develop material, equipment, service provision facilities in Vietnam to produce, reduce costs, and improve competitiveness in aquaculture. 5. Improvement of human resource and organization a) Improve human resources Develop human resources for managing, researching, and providing technical guidance in accordance with Schemes for training, developing human resources in aquaculture and the Schemes for improving state management capacity in aquaculture. Review and develop training system for human resources in aquaculture. Organize training regarding production, new technologies, market, employee’s benefits, relevant regulations for workforce participating in aquaculture production, commercial chains. Organize training for officials having knowledge in international commercial integration in aquaculture, trade barriers, and technical barriers relating to aquaculture products. Direct, provide training, and apply digital technologies in producing, supplying, distributing, forecasting (price, crops, etc.), accessing new technical and science, searching market, and advertising products for organizations, individuals engaging in aquaculture; promote e-commerce in aquaculture product production and consumption. Encourage enterprises, organizations, and individuals to participate and invest in training aquaculture workforce. b) Develop cooperation and connection models in production and product consumption Continue to develop and expand artels, cooperatives, management groups, joint venture models, partnership models between organizations and individuals by associating cooperation with development of new rural area; develop connection chains in aquaculture production and product consumption. Develop aquaculture models combining with other economic activities such as ecotourism, food tourism, entertainment, wind power, solar power, circular economy, etc. to create added value. Develop and implement programs for communication, intellectual property registration support for certain products (geographical indication, certification mark, collective mark, etc.) to develop brand name for characteristic, endemic, specialty aquaculture products. 6. Research and application of technology in aquaculture a) Regarding research on technology application Produce new aquaculture breeds artificially or selectively with development potentials; off-season breeds, breeds highly adaptive to environmental conditions, with rapid growth, disease resistant, free of disease; breeds of microalgae, seaweeds, and aquaculture breeds serving ornamental, decorative, pharmaceutical purposes among other purposes. Develop appropriate, environmentally friendly, water, energy, ingredient efficient farming technologies less dependent on natural resources; restrict the use of drugs and chemicals that affect the environment and food safety. Develop new technical and technological solutions in managing, collecting, treating wastes, wastewater produced during aquaculture, by-products of rearing, processing aquaculture products to improve quality and minimize impact on the environment. Research and develop disease prevention and treatment solutions (vaccine, enzyme, etc.) for reared breeds. Develop national standards and national technical regulations; prioritize harmony with international standards and regional standards; increase private sector involvement and improve capacity of conformity assessing bodies in aquaculture. b) Regarding application of technology in aquaculture Apply technology solutions to improve capacity and quality of aquaculture products. Promote conversion to automated technology in stages relating to occupation safety and immediate processing such as harvesting, preserving products, monitoring, warning about the environment, and ensuring traceability. Apply geographical information system (GIS), 4.0 technology, blockchain technology in producing, managing farming zones and traceability, ensure connection with the National portal for traceability. III. PRIORITY PROJECTS Lists of projects prioritized for investment are attached under Appendix I and Appendix II hereof. IV. FUNDING FOR IMPLEMENTATION 1. Funding for implementation Diversify mobilized funding sources and effectively utilize resources to implement the National Program. Annual state budget (expenditure on developing, investing in infrastructures, recurrent expenditure) according to applicable state budget decentralization. Expenditure integrated in public investment programs, projects, and schemes for the period of 2021 - 2030. Expenditure mobilized from foreign donors, international organizations, enterprises, organizations, individuals in Vietnam, in other countries, and other legitimate expenses. 2. Regulations on utilizing investment capital Central government budget shall prioritize development of essential infrastructures for large-scale centralized aquaculture zones, centralize aquaculture seed production zones for primary breeds, breeds with high economic value, and projects under Appendix I and Appendix II attached hereto. Local government budget shall prioritize development, upgrade of infrastructures of centralized seed production zones, centralized aquaculture zones for potential breeds depending on provinces' demands; implement projects funded by central government budget; encourage local government in using available budget and other legitimate budget to invest in infrastructures prioritized by the central government. ODA, FDI capital invested in investing, upgrading aquaculture infrastructures to meet environmental protection, production safety, and food safety requirements. Funding sources of types of ownership and funding sources mobilized for construction of production, trade, logistic service work items in accordance with applicable regulations. Article 2. Organizing implementation 1. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development shall a) be responsible for coordinating and organizing implementation of the National Program on a nationwide scale; allocate recurrent expenditure for inspection, supervision, assessment, organization of conferences/seminars/conclusion of the National Program. b) promulgate Criteria for identifying centralized aquaculture zones and centralized aquaculture seed production zones prioritized for investment by central government budget and local government budget from time to time; Criteria for identifying priority aquaculture development projects. c) develop and consolidate expenditure in annual state budget estimates, send to Ministry of Industry and Trade in order to present to competent authorities in accordance with regulations and law on state budget. d) consolidate, appraise, and approve investment projects for constructing aquaculture infrastructures in accordance with the Law on Public Investment; consolidate, appraise, and approve priority aquaculture development projects for the period of 2021 - 2030. dd) review and propose policies incentivizing, attracting types of ownership in aquaculture value chains. e) guide, encourage ministries, departments, local governments in organizing implementation of the National Program; organize inspection, examination, supervision, conferences/seminars; submit reports every year, every 5 years, and at the end of the National Program to the Prime Minister to review and decide on arising issues; amend and adjust contents, priority projects of the National Program. 2. Ministry of Planning and Investment shall a) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and relevant ministries, allocate investment capital for projects of the National Program in accordance with the Law on Public Investment and other regulations and law. b) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and relevant ministries in proposing solutions and mobilizing investment resources to implement the National Program. 3. Ministry of Finance shall Rely on balance capacity of central government budget, propositions of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and relevant ministries under annual recurrent expenditure estimate of the central government budget, request competent authorities to balance and allocate expenditure in accordance with the Law on State Budget and guiding documents. 4. Ministry of Science and Technology shall: a) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and relevant ministries in developing and publicizing national standards, prioritizing harmony with international standards, regional standards; appraising national regulations; developing legislative documents on standards, technical regulations, product and goods quality, and conformity assessment; adopting traceability; assisting intellectual property; allocating expenditure to implement details relating to science technology research, application, and development to serve aquaculture. b) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and relevant ministries in integrating details, tasks regarding development and application of science and technology in aquaculture in approved priority programs in science and technology. 5. Ministry of Industry and Trade shall a) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in researching, implementing policies and solutions to develop the market, resolve commercial barriers for aquaculture products. b) take charge and cooperate with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in assessing electricity supply system, distribution of resources, and infrastructure investment in order to supply sufficient electricity for centralized aquaculture zones and hi-tech aquaculture zones. c) cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in researching and promptly providing information on requirements, demands, and tendencies of aquaculture product consumption of potential markets in order to direct production, cultivation, processing, and export of aquaculture products. 6. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment shall a) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and local governments in researching, proposing policies, regulations on management of water resources, land allocation, water surface allocation to serve aquaculture. b) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and local governments in providing periodic water monitoring results of monitoring locations serving aquaculture to Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and local governments in order to issue early warnings for aquaculture farmers and limit risks. c) take charge and cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and local governments in developing, proposing plans for adapting to climate change and environmental pollution which can affect development of aquaculture. 7. State bank of Vietnam shall Take charge and cooperate with relevant ministries, departments in researching and proposing incentive policies regarding loan capital, interest, and loan term for organizations, individuals engaging in investment, production in aquaculture and satisfying criteria of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 8. People’s Committees of provinces or central-affiliated cities shall a) based on practical conditions, plans for implementing Aquaculture development strategy for the period of 2021 - 2030 of provinces and cities and this National Program, direct the development, approval and implementation of the Action plan for National Program implementation. b) allocate annual expenditure from local government budget and mobilize other legitimate funding sources as per the law in order to implement the National Program in provinces and cities. Prioritize funding sources under management of local governments in order to implement investment projects for building infrastructures of centralized aquaculture zones. c) cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development while central governments invest in building aquaculture infrastructures, ensure consistency and conformity with local socio-economic development planning. d) allocate land use according to planning, balance expenditure used for investment in projects funded by central governments, management, maintenance of invested work items. dd) receive projects funded by central governments; manage and utilize invested aquaculture infrastructures in accordance with regulations and law on management and use of public property. e) conclude, assess, and submit reports on National Program implementation results every year, every 5 years, and at the end of the National Program to Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development before December 20 every year. 9. Professional associations shall a) cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in publicizing and guiding members of associations regarding regulations relating to aquaculture of Vietnam and importing countries. b) promote export, trade, market development. c) assist in analyzing, forecasting, and providing market information for organizations, individuals rearing, processing, and exporting fisheries. d) develop aquaculture brand name, participate in trade promotion, resolve trade disputes, deal with technical barriers relating to rearing, processing, and export of aquaculture products, and expand consumption market; share market information; participate in technical training, technology transfer training; assist organizations and individuals in effectively investing, organizing aquaculture based on value chains with responsibility, quality, effectiveness, and sustainability. 10. Relevant organizations and individuals shall a) strictly comply with regulations and law on aquaculture. b) participate in investment projects for aquaculture infrastructures, projects relating to research, science and technology transfer, environment monitoring, seed production, certification, and production, trade within this National Program. Article 3. This Decision comes into effect from the date of signing. Article 4. Ministers, heads of ministerial agencies, heads of Governmental agencies, Chairpersons of People’s Committees of provinces and central-affiliated cities, heads of relevant agencies and entities are responsible for implementation of this Decision./. PP. PRIME MINISTER DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER Le Van Thanh APPENDIX I LIST OF PRIORITY AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS FOR THE PERIOD OF 2021 - 2030 (Attached to Decision No. 985/QD-TTg dated August 16, 2022 of the Prime Minister) No. Project Approving authority Integrated with promulgated Program Submission deadline Estimated costs (billion VND) 1 Aquaculture seed development projects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Decision No. 703/QD-TTg dated May 28, 2020 2022 - 2030 100 2 Aquatic create development projects for ornamental, entertainment purposes Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2022 - 2030 50 3 Microalgae, seaweed development projects for Ministry of Agriculture 2022 - 2030 200 production materials of aquatic feed, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, growth stimulants. and Rural Development 4 Aquaculture development projects at sea. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Decision No. 1664/QD-TTg dated October 4, 2021 2022 - 2030 100 5 Aquaculture cooperation and connection projects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2022 - 2030 200 6 Disease-free aquaculture facility construction and development project Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Decision No. 434/QD-TTg dated March 24, 2021 2022 - 2030 50 7 Projects for improving quality control, food safety, and exercising regulations relating to food safety in rearing facilities. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2022 - 2030 100 8 Communication and market development projects. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2022 - 2030 200 Total expenditure 1.000 APPENDIX II LIST OF PROJECTS FOR INVESTMENT, UPGRADE, COMPLETION OF PRIORITY AQUACULTURE INFRASTRUCTURES FOR THE PERIOD OF 2021 2030 (Attached to Decision No. 985/QD-TTg dated August 16, 2022 of the Prime Minister) No. Project Construction location Implementation period Estimated costs (billion VND) 1 Investment project for infrastructures of centralized high quality aquaculture seed production facility Ca Mau 2022 - 2030 100 2 Investment project for infrastructures of centralized aquaculture seed production zones. Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, Phu Yen 2025 - 2030 200 3 Invest in infrastructures of centralized freshwater aquatic breed production zones/facilities Dong Thap, Can Tho, An Giang 2025 - 2030 200 4 Investment projects for infrastructures of production zones of ornamental, entertainment aquatic species Ho Chi Minh City, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, and Khanh Hoa 2025 - 2030 100 5 Investment projects for infrastructures of 5 centralized aquaculture zones of the Mekong Delta region. Dong Thap, Long An, Tien Giang, Kien Giang, and Ca Mau 2025 - 2030 600 6 Investment projects for infrastructures of 5 centralized aquaculture zones of the Red River Delta region. Nam Dinh, Quang Ninh, Hai Duong, Thai Binh, and Ninh Binh 2025 - 2030 600 7 Investment projects for infrastructures of 6 centralized aquaculture zones in the northern highlands, the central highlands, and Southeast region. Son La, Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Tay Ninh, Dong Nai, Dak Nong 2025 - 2030 700 8 Investment projects for infrastructures of 3 centralized aquaculture zones of the central region. Quang Nam, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh 2025 - 2030 300 9 Projects for upgrading infrastructures of eco-shrimp farms, organic shrimp farms, shrimp-rice farms Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, Ca Mau 2025 - 2030 500 10 Investment projects for infrastructures of coldwater fish farming zone Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Dak Lak 2025 - 2030 200 11 Investment projects for infrastructures of centralized aquaculture zones on large water surface. The northern highlands and central highlands 2025 - 2030 400 12 Investment projects for construction of trade/logistics centers for aquaculture products, especially in border provinces and key aquaculture Lao Cai, Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Can Tho, Ca Mau 2022 - 2030 800 zones. 13 Investment projects for upgrading aquaculture personnel training facilities. Hai Phong/Bac Ninh/Ha Noi 2022 - 2030 300 14 Investment projects for building agricultural zones utilizing high aquaculture technology in Ca Mau and Dong Thap Ca Mau, Dong Thap 2025 - 2030 600 15 Investment projects for building infrastructures, converting production zones in an industrialized, modernized manner Kien Giang 2025 - 2030 200 16 Investment projects for infrastructures of aquaculture zone adaptive to climate change. An Giang 2025 - 2030 200 Total 6.000 This translation is made by THƯ VIỆN PHÁP LUẬT, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and for reference purposes only. Its copyright is owned by THƯ VIỆN PHÁP LUẬT and protected under Clause 2, Article 14 of the Law on Intellectual Property.Your comments are always welcomed