Water Utilization (Control and Regulation)(Amendment) Act, 1981 (Act No. 10)

NO. 10 .iater Utilization (C':ntr"l and lIe6ulllticn) (Arndt.) 1921. I AS" EN'f , J. E. f1','~'":;':;iE Pr(~GLdo n t 22ml IL.\ Y, 1981 An Act to amend the i"later Utilizntim (C>ntr"l a nd J:e£jul-lti,-,n) Act, 1974, t~ make Letter provisi~n f~r the c~ntr~l of rftlluti~n of water. ( ) ENACTED by the Parliament cf the unit",d i'(';J.~':lic 'f Tanzania. 1. This Act may be cited as the \'i,'1ter Utilization (8unlr"1 and Hegulation)(Amendment) Aet, 1981 an d shnl l be read as ~ne with t h c Water Utilization (cen er-e i and ::eculati.r.) :1.ct, 1974, in this Act referred tl'l as "the principal Act". 2. This Act shall cvme Ln t c =perati')r. ~n such d a t e va s the Minister may, by nc t i.co pur-Li ch o d in t he (}[','~ette, c:.pp..:int. 3. Se c t.Lo n 2 Of the pri:lcip~tl~"ct i:'j-l~,:rr~L:," ":'lC;~')cu (a) by dele tint:: the definiti'll "ar:n-i.llt-,i~l--: :Wlh.:.rity" and substitutin~ f~r it the-f~ll~wing definiti n: ""appointin& auth'7rity" menns in the cllse ~f the Chairman ~f th~ C~ntral ~ater Beard, the President an~ in the case of other members 'f every Basin 'later Bvar-d , the Minister,"i Sh or t title '1nd c,nGtru cti,-,n GIlmmence ment J\mendmen-c f sccti~n 2 (b) by deleting the aefiniti.:.n "Central i1tlter A1lvis.-ry..3':ard and substituting for it the f~ll~wing defioiti:n: ""Central i'later BOard" means tl1FJ Central linter Bva r d established by secti:.n 2;"; (c) by deleting the de f Ln Lt Lcn "He~i~nal 'later Adv Ls ;ry :~','lrd" and substituting f~r it the f~ll~wing definiti~n; ""Basin Water BOard" means a Bae Ln -Vater BJard established under section 7 in reJ.ati?n t-' a water Qasin;"; (d) by insertin~, in the apprvpriate p~sitions, the fvllowing definiti:ln ""direct discharge" mean:!! the discharge :Jf effluents int'" receiving waters withvuc prior treatment; 1 = 2 = "effluent" Lnc Ltide s any fl wing-"u\; -I' fluid m.qterinl discharged fr:m demestic ~r industrial wastes systems which, by reaS0:l cf its quality, qunntity ;1'- ch.'1r'1cteris tics, is likey t:: LmpnLr the beneficial U~1C - f receivinr, waters by adversely affectine their natutnl state; "effluent tre~tment p'l.nn t " meass nny d c v i.c e or-structure: designed f:r the treatment ~f effluents r e mvv i.nr; m-i t t e r a ~n suspension, de t cx t c a t i ng :1' s t ab Ll.Ls i n g b i-de rsrCld,ble ~rgdnic inpurities s~-aS td preveent the 'ccurenc~ rf sec~ndary dec~mp~siti~n up~n the effluent minr,ling with water; "indirect discnarge"-means the discharge -f effluents i!lt a sewer leading t~ a munlcipul treatment plant; "pollutant" means any aube t a nc e -':1' crrar-ac t e r i s t Lc I wh o t h e r or n"'lt harmful, added -1' imp :;e'1 <n t c n-i t urn I -1' supplied water, "water bJasin" means any ar-e a :;f Lun d <d e Li;~1i t eel and de c La r e d by the~Min±stcr under 3ecti-n 7 t: b~ ~ water b~sin i:1 relatiOn t':' any river-')r .)ther wntcr s:-urcej"; (e) by deleting the wh r Le '~f subs ec t Lvn (2). Amendment 4. Se c t i.cn 3 ef the prineipal 'let is amended -1.':1 d o Le t i.n.r t h e of secti Cn 3 passage "the East African C""mmunity and all C-r;p;r~ti 'n within the C~mmunity". Repeal and replage ment ~f secti~ns 5,6 and 7 "Establi shment e f gentral "al;er B~ard 5. Secti"n 5, 6 aPid 7 of the principal Act nrc: hereby r c pe n Lc d n nd replaced by the fOll~~ing 5~-(1) Thel"e is hereby established a central "later B-ard c~nsi~ting of a Chairman wh~ shall be app~inted by the PrcGident. and n~t less thanvten nJr m~re than fiftcc~ -ther members, wh~ shall each b e appointed by the Hinister I'r c m ::tm.;ng pe r s - na h ~ Id i [' qualifications in ~cientific technical fields ~f lenrnin~, l'laving adequate kn cwLe dg e and experience in the public .i f fn i r n ')f Tanzania. The Central Water Board shall be the principal = 3 = (2) Every member~6hall h~ld ~ffice (a) in the case of a member app~inted in his ~wn name, until-- 6~qh time as the appe Ln t Lag auth-rity rev.-kes his appointment and app~ints an~ther pers~n in his place; (b) ~n the c~se of a meseer wh~ is 3pp~inted by virtue of his hOlding sCme ~ther office, until such time as he ceases t~ hold that ~ther -~ffice. (3) Where any mem~er is, by reas'n vf illness, infirmity or absenee from the United Republic, unable t: attend ~ny meeting~o£ the Central Water B~ard the app~inting auth~rity may app~int a temporary memberJinJhis~place and the temp~rary member shall cease t..J hc Ld o f f Lce In the resump ti~n of office of the substantive member. (4) The Central Water B~ard shall elect 'ne ~f its members te be the Vice-Chairman wk~ shall, subject t.;, his cJntinuing to be a member, h cLd the::'ffice , f Vice-ehatrman f -'r a term of two yea~s frem the dlte ~f his electi~n and shall be -li eligible f~r re-electi~n. (5) The Central Water B~ard shall h~ld meetings In suoh occasions at §uch place as it may in its discretiJn determine. (6) Tke business =f the Central Water B'ard shall be cOnducted in such manner as the Minister may by ~rder published in the Gazette, prescrihle; but where n pr'cedure, is prescribed the Central Jater B~ard shall c·nduct its business in such manner as it shall determine. "Functi·n advisvry Organ in matters relating t~ the utilizati~n .;,f water, ~f Central d .. 11 h d "f t" " 1 t" t t l wate r B·'iJ.r'aft Sna ave an exere~se unc ~~ns 1ft re a ~~n w rle COftti' ol~and regulation 'if water p,'lluti.;n subject t-:o the provisi~n of this Act. (2) In relation tc the utiliz~ti)n ~f water (a) the Central Water B~ard shall advise fue Principal ~ater Officer on all matters c'ncerning the~~t nfJnati~n~l water ~upplies, the determinati.n, diminn tion Or modificati~n .;,f water rights, the measures t, be takenvin case ef dr~ught and the pri~rities t~ be given from time te timevand in acc=rdance with pre vailing circumstanc~s f~r the differentvpurp~ses f'r which the water is required in any area ~f the United Republic. = 4 = (b) subject t:: paragraph (c), the Principal ,1a~er lJffieer shall e ens Lde r 1:'.he advice "'f the Central ".'Jater B~ard b e f'<-r-e graflting cr refusing any applicati~n f~r a water ri~ht, bef~re determining revising, diminishing ~r mJdifying any water right ~r existing right and bef;re speeifyin~ avquality ~f w3ter under s e c t Lon 21, but shall n> t be b~und t~ f~llow that advice; (c) N"thing in paragraph (b) shall r e qu Lr'e the Pr Lnc LpnL Water Officer tc make any referenee t" ~r t c-n~itler the advice of tHe Central ~ater 8~ard in respect -f anyvsuspensi"n crwvariati~n ~f a r~ght under ~ecti~n 20 or in respect cf any m~dificati-n, vari~ti~n, dcter minati~n Or diminuti~n =f a right with the c~nsent ,f its h~lder. (3) Ix relation to the c cn t r c L and regulati=n ~f ·.v,"1j;~r P3~luti~n.. the Ce n t r g.L ~'Jater Bjard shall ha~e P :W·.r (a) t:l carry "ut, aad pr-:'m.;"te the carryi.ng 'ut ~fJresearch and investigati~ns into the cctuse~ 3nd wayswf-r the efficient preventi"n "r contr~l, ~f water p'lluti n in the ~nited Republic; (b) t. formulate and rcc"'mmend t, the G~Yer"m~nt eomprehensive plans f~r the regulati~n~~f the disch~r~e ~f effluents by industrial, trade and )ther categories 0' u§era of ~ater; (c) t~ formulate, and recommend t, the Minister the best ways of ensuring c~mpliance with, unif~rm procedure for the sampling and examinati~n ~f water sewage and industrial effluents, designating units f~r e~pressin~ results;, (d) t~ advice~ nd assist the G~Yernment, public auth'ri ties and ~ther pers~ns ~r b~die~ ~f pers~n~ measures f~r the mOre efficient c'ntral ~r preventi:n ~f water PJllutj,onj (e) t~ recommead to the Minister legislative meaS~re3 necessary Or ~uita1hle f"'r the effective c";ntr~l'f water p':)lluti~n; Establishment functi-::ns and pr"ceedings ;,f Basin ',Vater B.:lard = 5 = (~) to formulate effluent and receiving water st~ndards, ~nd pr~grammes f,r ensuring c~mpliance with th~se ~tand~rds by d~mestic, c=mmercial, inrlustrial and ~ther users ~f water; (g) subject t : the pr"visi~ns af this Act, ,nd ,f an y -the: written law relatin~ t~ the extrncti;n, Gupply -r usc ~f water, t~ any ~ther act "r thing which, in the~ opini~n ~f the Central ~ater 3 J a r d j is-n0cessary or eXpedient f~r the m-re effective c-ntr:l ,f water p~lluti~n in the Un~ted Republic. 7.-(1) The Minister may, by 'rder published in the Gaeette, declare any .rea ;,f land t~ be wnter basin in re lation t~ ~ny river. (2) There shall be established a Basin G'~rd in respect ~f each w~ter bnsin declared under subscti~n (1)J~nd the Minister shall, in the vrder made under subsecti~n (1), app~int n~t less than seVen n~r m-re than ten pers-ns t; be members Of that Basin Water B::ard. (3) The Previsi=ns ~f secti::n 5 and 6 E1) and (2) sh~ll apply mutat Ls mutand Ls in r-e La t Lvn t> a z-eg i.c na.L w'1ter supply a~ if referen¢es in th'se pr'visi-:ns t· the C':!nt r-a I vo t er Beard :lnd t~ the Principal ~V<1ter ufficer wer-e r o f e r-e nc e s to a Basin ~:ater B~ard ~nd t..; a Regi~n"ll 'Inter ufficer, subject t~ the pr~ceding pr'visi)ns "r tltis eecti n anrI t, th~se ~f subsecticn (4). (4) A~l the functiJn pr;vided f'r--r-refcrred t· in s~ct­ i"ln (1) and (2) shall, in the appLf.c c t I >n ;f t ha t s e c t a i n t' a Basin Water Beard and a ~~egi'n~l 'Hater 8fficer be perf Jrmed in relati'n t~ a regi-nal w~ter s~urce ;nly in s~ f~r as it is within the w~ter basin c::ncerned.", Arlditi.'ln ~! new secti~n 1~A "Consent f:>r discharges 8. The princip~l Act is hereby amended by adding immediately after sccti~n 15, the f~ll~wing new section 15.-(1) No person may discharge effluents fr'm any commercial, industrial ~r ~ther trade wastes systems int' receiving waters withJut a c~n5ent duly ~r~nted by a Water Officer under this secti)n. = = (2) Upsn receipt )f an ~pplicati:n f-r the er~nt ,f n c~nsent t~ disch~rge, the ~ater Officer shall give n;tice ~f applicati~n in the prescrabed manner. Any intereseed persOn-may n9tify the ~ater Officer that &e ~bjects t.-the grant of ::1 cc ne e n t t;:l d Ls char- ge and may ap ec ify the gr,;unds f"lr such "bjecti~n, and shall; if he s > r e qu Lr ec , hivc '1 right to be he'lrd~n the :lbjecti~n by the Ceatr"l I,ter Board Or the Basin iJater Boar d c-ncerned, '18 the C'l,,<3 may be. (3) A c one cn t t~ discHarge granted under this s c c t i -n sh.i.l I entitle the pcrs en t > wh crn i~ is gr-J.nt<:!d t . d Lsch.rr-rrc effluents Lnt e any undez-gr-cun d s t r a t um subject t: the pr-vv La i n f secti-n 18A. (4) The Minister may make pr~visi:ns regulating t~e procedure for making and cc ns Lde r-Lng appLdc-i ti"'ns f T the grant ''If consents t~ d Lschar-go , the making .)f '1bjecti>ns t., any such ~pplic~ti~n, the making ~f appeals against r0fused applicatinns Or c~ndi~i~ns imp~sed -n c~nsen~s granted, and any:..mat.te.rs related to Or grant of cvnsent to discharge." Amend- 9. Secti~n 17 of the principal Act is hereby amended ment ~f secti.)n 17 (a) in paragraph (a) (i) by deleting the c -n j unc t L>n "and" a t the end ..:,f sub-p.'1ra/3r::t ph (iii); and (ii) by ~dding, immediately after sub-pnra~r~ph (iii), the fnllcwing §ub-paragr~ph (iv) shall, bef'1re its direct ~iGcharge int' receiving waters, be s:> treated =r ~therwise mjdified as t c-mply with prescribed effluent ~nd receivin~ water s t arid ar-de r " •• (b) in paragraph (b) by deleting-the full-st~p ~t the end ~f that paragraph and substituting f~r it a 6emicJl~n; And (e ) by adding, immediately .. fter par-agr-aph (b), the fJllJwin~ paragrapha Addition of new secti °ns 18A and 18B "Reatrict i~n :;'n discharge into under ground strata = 7 = II(C) that the ewner ·f the water right sh.::lll make peri-:Jdic':ll retu~ns t~ the Jater Ufficer in such fJrm 3nd at ~uch intervals as the Minister may prescribe, setting ~ut the nature ~f wastes ~r effluents pr'duced by his use ~f the water; and (d) that the Owner -f theJwater right:: shall instal ~r faci litate the installati~n at the p~int vf discharge all machinery and ~ther facilities necessary f;r tke taking ~f samples and the cJllecti-n and treatment of effluents." 10. The principal Act is hereby amended by adrl Lng , immediately after secti~n 18, the f~ll~wing new secti-ns: 18A.-(1) No pers~R t~ wh-m a e~nscnt t~ dischar~e is granted under sec ti:n 15A may c c ns t r-uc t Cor discharr;e Lnt> 110 underground water b~dy within J230 Jmetr:.-s 'f any well er bOreh-le ~r any ~ther water b~ay :r within 90 metres of any !:lOdy~"'f ander-gr-vund wat e z '''r enlargement vf 'iny well, b"'rehnie "r~ther water ll..)dy whieh is within t h r s e distances fr-m any ~ther well ~r b~reh~le cr b-ny -f undergr"'und water, as the case may be~ (2) The Minister may, up~~ recommendati-nJmane·by the Ce1.tral Water B'"nrd in that behAJ.f, make provisi·)ns-f r the better regulati-n -r the disch.'lJ.-gp. .Jf effluents Lnt . un-Je r> ground strata. 18B.-(1) The standards specified in the First 'lnd the Second Schedule t- this Ac~ shall be standards in resp~ct ~f effluents and receiving water, respectively, which sh:tll he c~mplied with by users -f water bcf~re -r during dischqrgc int~ water c~urSGs, receiving wa~ers ~r sewers. (2) The Minister may, by ~rderJpublished in the 5aaette, add t~, vary er replace any ~f the pr'visi.na "f t~le First arid the Se c orid Schedule. = 8 = (3) The Central Water B~ard may, with the c~nsent ·f the Minister, ex~mpt ~ny person ~r b~d1 ~f pers'ns frem cwmplying with the provisi"'ns "'f this secti~n :;f such peri~d as it may determine.". Amendme n t ')f secti:n 32 11. Seetien 32 ~f the principal Act i~ hereby amended by renumbering subsection (1), (2) and 0) as s ub s oc t i r ns (2), 0) rind (4), r-es po e t i.ve I and by inserting; immediately bef-,re the nt::w subsccti-n (2), the fJll.)\'J ing new subsecti:ns (1) "(1) The Minister shall mC\ke provisi-n fJr the-prJ~edure "'f making and hearing appe~ls a~ising fr 'm dccisi-ns ·f the Certtral Water B~ard and Bnsin 0ater B~ard3 And m~y, fOr that purp~se, e~tablish nn appe~ls c-mmittee ~r committees and pr~vide f-r the exercise -f the p~wers, and the r e gu La t L>n .;.f the pr oc edu r-e , Jr the cvmm Lt t e e -r c~mmittees, as the case m.:.:y be.". General amend ment 12. The principal Act is hereby amended by-deletinG all references to the de s Lgnn t Lena "Central Water Ad.vis~ry B~ard"': d "~egi-'n:'ll '.Inter AdvislJry B"",rd" wherever they "'ecur in the :'\ct"nd-substituting f~r them, respeetively, the de s Lgnn t I vns "Central "later 8'.'l.rd" and "Basin ',iater B~ard". Addition 13. The principal Aet is hereby amended by ndding, immediately .jf Sche dules after section 39, the fJll.)wing Schedules: FIRST .sCIEDULE Temp":!Zary St-~ndards f.:,r receiving -vat er s Categ"'ry 1: Water suitable f~r drinking wat~r supplies, swimming p~"ls, f~-d and beverage manufacturin~ indtlstries, pharmace~ticals manufacttlring--industries )r indu stries requiring water s~urce vf similar quality. Category 2: ~ater suit,qble f-r use in feeding d-megtic animals; in fisheries, shell cultures, recreati~nlnd water ccnt ac t sp..:.rts. = 9 = C·llte".;ry 3', ./ tOt l~ er su~ ~bIc f-r irrir,oti-n ~nd-~ther induserial acti vities '. rcqu~r1~ w~ter ~f standards I-wer than th se 'f water in G..·.~Q rY..:1,.r 2. Subst:lnce Ch.,r-.c teristic Unit MJximum permis3ible e~ncentl'lti n A2.1.1 Aa.1.1.1 Gener,,1 Suspended M~tter (turbidity) m5/1 disch,rbe ~f effluents Sh~ll net (as Si02 ) caus e f' cr-m.i t Lc n -f s Lud.rs ~r scum in the r0ceivin~ w'1ter. A2.1.1.4 Temper,'l ture number (pt C -sc o l,e ) o C diGS har ~·e·' f e f fl ue n t S .1:".111 tl ~ t c aaae any cha n.re in the n 1 t uraL c~l-ur ~f the receivin~ w~ter. d Ls ch ar-g e .f effluents 3nl1 n r t r~ise the temperature "fthe receivinG water by mOre t~~n 5cC 1\2.1.1.6 A2.1.1.7 A2.1.1.8 A2.1.1.9 A2.1.1.10 ';'2.1.2.1 A2.1.2.2. 1\2.1.2.); A2.1.2. L. A2.1.2.!~ A2.1.2 •If; A2.1 .2. V A2.1.2.;8 A2.1 .2..9 A2.1.at.10 Tot:'l.1 disse Ive~solids PH Dissl"'lveg oxygen uxygans::luti("ln B.U.D-5dnys 200C dnys 25°C ~ 5dnys 30~C 5dnys 35°C Perm<:t9-G nate Value In~rG.:~nic Subs t an c e Aluminium (At) Arsenic (,\S) B~rurn (Bn) Boron (D) Cndmium (Cd' Chr~mmum 111(Cr3+) Chr~mium VI(Cr6+) C-:obalt (Co) COpper (Cu) Iron (Fe) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mr,,/1 mt) 1 mtj/'l md1 mg/1 mG/1 mS/1 mg/1 mb/ 1 mg/1 2,000 6.5-8.5 6 80 5 6 6 7 20 0.3 0.05 1(,,0 1.5 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 3.0 1.0 2,000 6 6 7 20 0.3 0.1 1.~ 1.13 0.1 0;3 0.1 0.1 .3.0 '1.2 N.; Limit 40 10 11 12 0.5 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 4.0 1.5 = 10 = 0.5 0.5 ~.o 200 200 400 8.0 e.o 8.0 0~05 0.05 0.1 ~50 50 00 3S lJw as is required t· prevent eutr~phicati~n:r excessive weed gr~wth if nitr~gen is a limiting A2.1.2.11 A2.1.2.12 A2,~ 1.2.13 A.l.1.2,14 A2.1.2'15 A2.1.2,16 A2.rH~'11 A2.1.2.18 A2.1.1.19 A2.1.2.20 A2~1.2.21 A2.1.2.22 A2.1.2.23 A2.12.24 A2.1.2.25 Lead (Pb) Manganese (Mn) Mercury (HG) Nd.cke.L (Ni) Selenium (Se) Silver CAg) Tin (Sn) Vanadium (V) Zinc (Zn) Ammonia + Ammonium (Nij3 + NH4)(3Nrl+4NH) ChlorideS ~CI) Flu'rides (FoIo) 0ranides (ON' N ttates (NO)Nu3· Nitrites 'N02)CNu2·) mg/1 .. g,I1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mr;/1 mg/1 mg/1 mi)/1 mg/1 mB/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 0.1 0.5 0.001 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 0.005 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.01 .1 0.05 (\.05 0.05 ("1.5 0.005 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.005 0.' 0.5 0.05 ,,~ 1 O~01 0.1 !Del1 mg/1 1.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.5 5.0 600 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.005 0.1 0.5 000 0.01 0.05 1.0 0.01 0.5 0.2 0.005 0.005 0.0005 0.001 0.002 0.1 0.01 0.5 0.2 0.005 0.005 nutrient in waters which are susoeptible tv eutrvphic3ti~n ~r excessive weed grvwth, -r in rivers agd strcamsvdrai~inG into such waters, ~he !~west p0ssible c~ncentrati n should be aimed as if ph~sph-ruus is ~ limiting nutrient. 600 0.01 0.0005 0.001 0.002 0.1 mg/1 aliphatic mg/1 PhoBph~t~a pu4- mg/1 Sulphatcs s04 Sulphides (S--) OrigC:\llic Substg.nces Alky benzene SuJ,phopates (ABS) Aromatic and hydrocarb(")ns Aromatic nitr8gen c"'ntain~ng cOmgoyngs (e.g. aromatic amines) mg/1 Chlorof"'rme~trn CCE) mg/1 F"'rmaldehyde m~/1 Grease and ~ils <petrolium e~he~~extract) mg/1 N~n-v~latile chl~rinated comp9unds mg/1 VOlatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (CI) mg/1 Org~chlorine pesticides (CI)v mg/1 Other pesticides mg/1 Phenols mg/1 Resins, taretc. mg/1 A2. '\ .2.26 A2.1.2.27 A2.1.2.28 A2.1.3 A2.1.3.7 A2.103.8 A2.1.3.4 A2.2.1.3.5 A.2.2.1.3.6 A2.1.3.10 A2.1.3.11 A2.1.3.12 = 11 = SECUND SCH.8DULE Temp~rary Effluent Standards Substnnce/Ch ',rac teristic A2.2.1 General Suspended solidG Unit mg/1 Haximum Effluents me"IJt f:-r direct dischnrge int .., receiving waters n:t to caUse f -rmat i::'n ""f sludge ·r scum in the receiRing water permis~ible v,lu, Tr 'l de "l1l d IIJdustrinl Effluents me ~ f-,r indirect, d Ls c ha r ge Ln t c receiving wnters ego via a munici pal selvage treatmeztt plant N"" limit A2.2.1.2 A2.2.1.3 Taste and odour Number (pt-Cu) n~t to cause 100 allY chnl}' e in the nat ur-a L c.;,l~ur ~f the receiving water n"'t tv cause any ch9ng~ ~n the natural t;:-,st'3 ~r ..;d -ur' :-f the receiving wat~r !L limit. 7,500 oCTemperature n~t tc 35~C -r n""t ,ny incren~e :f m~re than 5°C the regeiving ab-ve ambient water by m-re temper~ture ;f than 5°C the supplied w.i t or , which ever is gr,ter. Total dissolved s~lids mg/1 3000; Nv -' restrictiun f""r dischD.r~e intv thesea. A2.2.1.4 A2.2.1.6 A2.2.1.7 1.8 A2.2.2.1 PH B.O.D.5 d~ys, 20~C B.0.D.5 days, 25°C B.u.D.5 days, 30~C B.O.D.•5 d~ys, 35°C Perm~ganate value Invrganic Substances Aluminium (AL) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 me;/1 rng/1 mg/1 30 3l~ 37 40 80 2.0 N • limit N·· limit fl." limit N"" limit 5.0 = 12 = A2.2.2.2 Arsenic (As) mg/1 0.11 0.1' A2.2.2.3 Bnrium (En) mg/1 1.5 3.0 '\2.2.2.4 Cadmium (Cd) mg/1 0.1 0.1 .H.2.2.2.5 Chr"mium-III (Cd md1 0.1 :: • (I A2.2.2.6 Chr::)mium-IV (Cr) mg/1 0.1 0.2 A2.2.2.7 C~b -"I t (C c ) mg/1 1.0 1.0 il.2.2.2.8 C-= L~er, (\~u) mp-,/1 0.1 1• () ;\2.2.2.9 lr~n O'c) mg/1 3.0 " .''1,/ ..' A2.2.2.10 Lec.d (Ph) md1 0.2 O. " A,2.2.2.11 !~,~ ilL; '~;lQ S 0 (t~n) m~1 3.0 5.(1 A2.2.2.12 r1erc 1lry (IIg) mg/1 0.0005 0.0005 A2.2.2.13 Nd ke L (Ni) mg/1 0.2 0.5 1\2.2.2.14 SeleniulTl (Se) mg/1 0.5 1.0 A2.2.2.15 :.)clvcr ( ~g) mg/1 0.1 0.1 ii.2. 2.2.16 1'in (Sn) md1 2.0 .: .0 "2.2.2.17 Vanad i.um (V) mg/1 1.0 1.0 ,,2.2.2.18 ~~inc (Zn) md1 1.0 1.0 A2.2.2.19 Ammonia + Ammcnium (NH~+NlJ4) mp-/1 10 ~'l .... limit A2.2.2.20 ChI rides (CL) mg/1 800 800 A2.2.2.21 Freeclorine~ mg/1 1.0 5.0 A2.2.2.22 Cyanides (Co) mg/1 0.1 0.2 A2.2.2..23 NiErates (Nc2~-) mg/1 :-./ 80 A2.2.2.24 Nitrites (1\T"~ ) mg/1 1.0 10 A2.2.2.25 Phosphc.tes ( 04-) mg/1 6.0 45 A2.2.2.26 Su Lpha t c s (S04-) mg/1 600 600 '\2.2.2.27 Sulfides (..,)-) mg/1 0.5 1.0 11..2.2.3.1 Alky benzely mg/1 2.0 5.0 sutf ....uatc ABS9 A2.2.3.2 ~romntic (nd ~liphtic h;r::lrocnb"ns md1 1.0 5.0 A2.2.3.3 ~r~m~tis nitrogen C-e~.:l.~n~ng c~mp~unds mg/1 0.05 0.05 (!::" • orcrn:ltic amines) A2.2.3.4 Chl~r~~~rme~tr~ct (CE) mf/1 5.0 10 A2.a.3.5 Formaldehyde mg/1 1.0 1.0 A2.2.3.6 G~ea~,§ nnd .... Hs (pctr.: l~um~ether extract) mgj1 5 20 A2.2.3.7 N'm-VSlnt!-le chlJrinated c~mpoun<.ls (CIL) mg/1 0.05 •• 05 ,'\2.2.3.8 Orgctnochlorine pestici.. des (c.) (CL) 0.005 0.005 A2,,2.3.9 Other Pesticides mg/1 0.01 0.01 A2 .2. 3.10 Pl}enols rng/1 0.2 1.0 A2.2.3.11 Resins, t,:~r, etc. mtS/1 2.0 5.0 A2.2.3.12 Vol.:\tile c hLvr-Lno ted hydrccab"ns (c r) mg/1 0.05 0.05 • I~ • THE TANZANIA TEMPORARY STAND\RD:, uF ~U fl.LITY OF JOME~TI~ WATER Internati'nal (WBO 1963) T'lnzania .i t andar-d Hurn.l·/ater Gr':lUp Substance Units A] 1 :'I'lable o H ~~ o 8 1 Lead Pb mg/1 0.05 0.1 2 Arscr.ic itR mg/1 0.05 0.05 3 • ...;elenium .::>e mg/1 0.01 0.05 4 Chr"mium (6+)Cr mg/1 0.05 0.05 5.Cyanide CN- mg/1 0.2 0.2 6 Cadmiulll Cd mg/1 0.01 0.05 7 Barium Do. mg/1 1.0 1.0 8 I1ercury Hg mc;/1 N-M tI-tt 9 Silver Ag mg/1 N-H N-I1' 1 FluOride F- mg/1 1. a 8.0 2 Nitrate NU3- mg/1 30.0 30/100· 1 Col:=ur mg/1 50 ~O· 2 Turbidity (Si02) mg/1 25 30· 3 Ta§te mg/1 UnJbe cti·nable 4 Ud;,ur mg/1 -Un,)becti Jn"3ble 5 PII- mg/1 6.5-9.2 6.5.-9.2· 6 Total Filtrable HCGidtw mg/1 1,500 2,000 7 T':ltal H:rdness (CaCa3) mg/1 600 8. Calcium Ca. m~/1 200 300 9 Ma8ne~ium Mg mg/1 150 10 Maggesium + Scdium ,304 mg/1 1,000 1, 000 11 Sulphate S04 mg/1 400 600· 12 Chl~ride CI mg/1 600 0~5" =14- -= NO. Substance Units .\11 JW3ble I 13 IrOn Fe mg/1 1.0 1.0 14 Manganese Hn mg/1 0.5 1.5 15 Copper Cu mg/1 1.5 3.0 16 Zinc Zn mg/1 15 15 17 BUD (5 days, f\t 95 OF) mgJ02/1 6 6.0 18 Py(Uxygen ~bs.KMNu) mg/2 10 20 19 Ammonium (NH3+NH4) mg/1 0.5 2.0 20 Total Nd t r-cgen (Excluding No3 mg/1 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.002 1.0 0.5 0.002 21 Surfact~nts (Alky Benzylsupho nates) oJ mg/1 22 Organic Matter (AS carb~n inchlcrif-rmextract) mg/1 23 Phen~lic Substance (AS Phenol) mg/~ GaOup "'t)'. ·N.M= Not mentioned. TUXICOLOGY OF SUME ENVIRONMZNTAL POL1UTrlNTS A4 1. HAZARDS OF POLLUT;\i!1'S A4 TA2 CAUSES OF PUISvNING Type Example A4.1 Foods A4.2 Allergens A4.3 Mirco-~rganisms Water, Plants, Fungi, AqUBtic :aunau (a) Bacterea-small d - ae I ·spr~ndin['; rApidly e.g. D~sentGry b~cilli, (b) Bacterial-Large d~SQ, ·Rr~ws On il fOOd e.g. SalmJncll~, Type A4.4 Chemicals A4.5 Parasites = 15 = Example Staphy l~c~ccus, Clvstridium welchil and b~tulimum, Bacillus cereus, Bibriry Barahaem:;lyticus (c) Virus-Small dvse* In-rganic e.g. metals, syntheiic c.g. peRticid pesticides, and Or~Dnic e.g. ~lk~l:ids. Trichinella, Taenia • • Small dose -few organisms -nly th"usand t,:, milli~ns "f ~T'~anisms. A411. Dangers ~f Micro-Organism. Bacteria ar. orGanisms ~f minute living cells, with ch~racteristic va~y!ng §hape$ and visible ~nly thr~ugh a micr~sc~pe. They are present everywhere. Most gacteria are harmless and ~veg usefu~ t~ man but a small prOp~rt;o~ are harmful (sc~ Tables 2~3) Given ~ptimQl c~nditiJns b~cteria can divi~e inio two every 10-30 minutes and int~ milliwn Jr billi~ns w within ~ne daN-. Sympt~ms cf bacteria illness arc characteristic-diarr hea, ab d cmLna.L pains, with Or wd t h cu t vJltdting. A4 Table2-Bacterial illnesess. Micro-~rganism Fffect Dur!1ti-n Incub~ti~n Period ~f illness Death (hrs) (days) Bagillus cereu.e Tgxin in f~~d 2-15 1:;2 Clostridium-Welchi T.:>xin intestine 8-22 ~1 Clostridiums b~tu1inum Toxin in food 24~72 Death in 1-2 Or slow convalescence ,jver 4-6 mwnths Escherigij~a c~li IlJfecti ..m 4-36 1-7 Salm"n~lla IlJfecti<..ln 12-36 1-7 Staphyl~QoQcuS Toxin in f~-d 2 ..6 Strept:lcOccus ,!:,cxin in fo-d 3-12 1-2 An~ pathOgenic migro-organism includin~ viruses living in Or p~ssinr, thrOugh the inr.estinal tract mal be tr~nsmissible by untreated water which is pOlluted by ~aw ~r even inadequately treated sewage. In ~rger to cause an illness the water must be grvssly p~lluted. That is why sewAge shJuld be well treate·! befOre being discharged int::> ::>r near ~ water b vdy , = 16 = A4 TABLE 3-RESErtVOIRS AND TRANSMIS3ION OF HAI~FUL 8~CTERIA - Man ·Jr Bt:!ast Nose/Skin lessi~n I Staphy 10ccoei, Hands I Food t Food pOisoning MUltipt y in warm kitchen t I Bowels I Sewage ~ater, Meats, Offals,, , , S:l.C k cas carrier Salmonenle, Dystent0r 3acili CI. t /h' .we ~ g 1.1.. I F.Jod I Food poisc.)ning A4 111-DANGERS uF ECONO!lIC FOISONS There are nowadays several eonn-mic po Ls vn s , including pesticides which often caUse poisgning and death to man and be~st by th! pesticidos ~~c~~:l themsoelve3, their r{j.w materials, their c-'ntainers and affluents etc 5 , being dumped into Or near water b.:Jdies. The t"xici ty .Jr 11 cb e mdca I is exprelssed by means of an LD yalue,~which is a statistical estimate .;f the d10sage necessary t:l kill 50 per cent Jf a Lnr go p 'pulnti.n ~f the test egecies, under ~tated ccnditi~ns (see Table 4). The organic phosph"rus as well a§ carb.Jnate p-is-ns, act ~s m~re 1r less :lrretsrsible inhibitcrs~~f the en~ym~ sh~lineste~ase, and thus all~w the accumula~i=n of acetylch~lin~. Urgan~-ch!~rine pesticides and sevarlal rOd§nticides ;re also dead!y pvis~n.)us th~t ~oth manyf?cturers, tradel~s a9d users of pesticides should never be all~wed t~ dump any pestilcides or under c cnt.anunat ed containers 'r effluents Ln t > ~r near a lII~t"er bl')dy. := 17 = A4 TABLE 4.ACUTE ORAL AND DERHAL LD50 VALUC~; ,h' ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS PESTICIDBS F01 WHITE i1 t2;~ Oral LD 50 (mg/Kg.) Dermal LD50 (mg/Kgs) Pesticide Carb6phen.,tui~n MaLe s Females Mules Females Carb~phen.,thion••••••• Cl~rthion .~••••••••••• DDy •••••••••••• , ••.••• e Delnav ••••••••••••••• 0 Demet~n ••••••••••••••• Diazin~n •.••••••••••••• Dicaphthon •••••••••••• Dimeth'ate •••••••••••• Ethieg •••••.•••..•••.• Fenthiog •••••• ~ ••••••• Guthi~n •••••.•• &••••••• Malathion ••• ~ ••••••••• Methlyl~parathion ••••• Methly trithion •• ~•••• Parathion ••••••••••••• Ph~rate •••••••••.••••• Ph~sdrin •••••••••••••• Ph~aph~;d2n •••••••••• TEPP •••••••••••••••••• Trichlor~f~n ••••••• 0 •• 30 8~O 80 4') 6.2 108 400 21~ 65 215 13 1,375 14 98 13 2.3 6.1 23~5 1.05 630 10 980 56 23 2.5 76 330 27 245 11 1,000 24 120 3.6 1.1 3.7 23.5 560 54 4,500 107 235 14 900 790 400 245 330 220 4,414 67 215 21 6.2 4.7 143 2.4 2,000 27 4,100 75 63 8,2 455 1,250 62 330 220 4,4/f4 67 190 6,2 2,.5 4.2 107 2.000 A4 TABLE 5-ACUTE ORtL AND D~R~AL LD50 VALUES FOR ORGANOCHLORINE Pr.::,TICIDES FOR WHITE HATS Ora:::' ~ ...J50 (mg/Kg.) Dermal LD 50 (mg/K~.) t1a:'es: FemC'l.les Males Females 2,510 60 15 ES 690 90 98 840 60 430 1,220 600 1,240 118 46 7.5 ~(9 335 1, 04·0 7lf:i) EPo 1'~ 3 46 1 '7/, 8 Aldrin ••••••••••••••• Chl~rdane •••••••••••• Chlor':'benzilate . DDA ........... ........ DDt •••• - 0 •••• DDT ••••••••••• , •••••• Dieldrin ••••••••••••• Endrin •.•••••••••.••••~ = 19 = Pesticide Heptachlor •••••••••••••••••• L~ndane (BiC) ••••••••••••••• Thiodan ••••••••••••••••••••• T~xakhene ••••••••••••••••••• Males 100 88 43 90 Females 162 91 18 80 14ales 195 1,000 130 1,075 Females 25 90 1~ 78" A4. TABLE 6-TOXICITY OF OTHZR PESTICIDES R!denticldt ll;' Ph~sphorus... 15mg. S~dium flu~~~acetate•••0.5mg/kG. Tha lium ••• 4mg/kg. PestieJl~e • Wqrfarin Toxin Dose ••• 1. 7mg/kg Leth-:l V'se 50mg. 2mg{kg. Test Species man man Other limit in.~ir=O.05 mg/m3 limit in air=0.1 mg/m3 limit in air=0.1 mg/m2 Fungides: Ferban ••• Ziram ••• • •• Maneb ••• .. •• Zineb Nabam Organ~-M~rsd's PentachloropnQnois Herbicides: Arse.nic c~~p.unds••• Dinitropnen~lB 2percent Na salt 50 mg. =17,000 = 1,400 = 7,500 = 5,200 = 39~ 30me;!kg . 128mg. .. rats rata rat limit in Rir-0.01 mg/m3/m/. limit in air=O.5 m6· m3 limit in aU"=0.15 mt"jm-3 limit in air=10 mg/m3 lim"'5 in air=02 mg/m A4 TABLE 7-~~VXICITY OF SOME MATALS AND uTHER TuXICANTS • • Toxican-t Toxic Lethal Test Other Dese Dose "J upp • , • Arsenic •••••••• 2mg/sk· man max.in f OOd=3 U6!g in water= Asbestos Ca~~ium•••• 5mppcf 300mg/kg rabbit 0.05 mg/1 14mg. Max in fo~d =0.2-30 ppm = 19 : Carbon m~noxide ••••••••••••• ~ F~rmaldehyde ••••••••••••••••• Hudr ~gen-suphilde •••••••••••• Lead ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4000 ppm. 800 ppm 700 ppm. 5mg/100g. man rat mail man (adult ) (bone) max,-itt !"'-~cO.2­ 30 pprnjin water: 0.1 ppm. Toxicant Toxic Lethal Test Dose DC'lse Supp. Mercury ••• • •• 8mtYm3 man Ni tr':'~en Oxide •• 320ppm. mice OZ,3ne ••• c •••• 2ppm. man Sulphur Udioxide. 50ppm. rabbit Iron ••• • •• • • 30mg/m3 man A4•• IV-HAZARDS OF IONIZING R.~DIATIuHS Other in 1 hr. in 2 hrs. in 30 da~6 max in food=250 ppm- in water =1.0 ppm. All radiation exposure ~s harmful, aijd any unnecessarJ exp~sure t~ ~r dUll1Pin.g of-.Jwaste§ containing ionizing radiatiJn sh--uld be aVJiged. JJn! zing ragiation can cause bOdi.ly harm (somatic ha.zards) tu th<;: indi~iduC'll wh~ is exposed, ~r evenvgenetic harm to h;s ~!fsprings. T~e p~11utiJn Jf water bedies by radi9active ~aterial is an inc~eas~nGly seri)us pr~blem, particularYJwhere toactore a~e in Operati~n; Or whe~e radi~s~t~pes are used e.g. trgatm~nt 0fvma~ignancies by nadium ~r CObelt in h~spitals Jr :In studies of s~a.. polluti.oO hy effluents using radi~is-t~pe tracers. Nuclear w~apon test to~ poll~te the atm~sphcre and s-me envir~nments b;y their "fall-"ut". Use ~f radic-active materials is subject to:, s o me supervision, by agencies 6urV1ying it and c t hoz- material and Ln t e r na t Lcnal bOdies. Passed in the Nati"'nal Ass ombLy "n the tenth day :>f April, 1981. E. E. KAZIM0TO, Clerk "f the National Assembly