Mnazi Bay - Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park General Management Plan

MBREMP GMP Book-2012.pdf GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BOARD OF TRUSTEES MARINE PARKS AND RESERVES UNIT September 2011 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 2 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan iGeneral Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................................................................................... MISSION, VISSION, MOTO ............................................................................................................................................VI FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................................. VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................................... .........X CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1 .............................................................................................................1 ...................................................................1 .................................................................................................1 ....................... 2 CHAPTER 2 RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND RESOURCE USE ................................................................................... 5 ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Geology &Topography .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 Bathymetry ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Oceanography ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3.2 Tides ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.4 Climate .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 ............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.1 Coastal Forests &Shrubs ............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2 Sand Banks &Beaches ............................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Mangrove Forests ....................................................................................................................................................10 2.3.4 Seagrass Beds ............................................................................................................................................................11 2.3.5 Shallow Subtidal Habitats .........................................................................................................................................11 2.3.6 Rocky Shores .............................................................................................................................................................11 2.3.7 Coral Reefs ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.8 Crustaceans ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.9 Molluscs ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.10 Echinoderms .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.11 Marine Fish .............................................................................................................................................................14 2.3.12 Marine Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.13 Marine Mammals ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.14 Shorebirds .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.15 Freshwater Animals ............................................................................................................................................... 15 ....................................................................................................16 2.4.1 Fishing ....................................................................................................................................................................16 2.4.2 Agriculture &Livestock Rearing ...............................................................................................................................19 2.4.3 Mangroves ..............................................................................................................................................................19 2.4.4 Coastal Forests &Shrubs ...........................................................................................................................................19 2.4.5 Coral Mining ..............................................................................................................................................................19 . 20 ii MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 ................................................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 3 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................................................... 21 ........................................................................................................................................ 21 ........................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.2 .........................................................................................................................22 3.1.3 Destructive Fishing ....................................................................................................................................................22 3.1.4 Endangered Species ..................................................................................................................................................23 3.1.5 Coral Mining ..............................................................................................................................................................23 3.1.6 Mangrove Harvesting ................................................................................................................................................24 ............................................................................................................................................. 24 .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.1 Tourism ....................................................................................................................................................................25 3.3.2 Mtwara Development Corridor (MtDC).................................................................................................................325 ................................ 26 .. 26 CHAPTER 5GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ....................................................................27 ....................................................................................................................................................27 5.1.1 Ecological Principles .................................................................................................................................................27 .................................................................................................................................................................27 .............................................................................................................................................................27 ............................................................................................................................................27 5.1.2 Socio-economic Principles........................................................................................................................................27 ............................................................................................................27 .............................................................................................27 .................................................................................................................................... 28 ................................................................................................................. 28 ......................................................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 6 ZONING SCHEME ..................................................................................................................................... 33 .. 33 ............................................................................................................................................. 33 .......................................................................................................... 33 6.4.1 Core Zones ...............................................................................................................................................................33 ................................................................................................................................................ 34 6.4.3 General-use Zones ...................................................................................................................................................35 ................................................................................................................................................................35 ...................................................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 7 PROHIBITED AND REGULATED ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................... 38 ................................................................................................................................................ 38 7.1.1 Prohibited Extraction of Living Resources .............................................................................................................. 38 7.1.2 Prohibited Extraction of Non-living Resources ....................................................................................................... 38 7.1.3 Prohibited Construction & Development ............................................................................................................... 38 7.1.4 Prohibited Tourism Activities ................................................................................................................................. 39 ............................................................................................................................................... 39 7.2.1 Fishing Activities ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 7.2.2Mangrove Harvesting ................................................................................................................................................ 39 7.2.3 Non-mangrove Harvesting (Other Forest Products) .............................................................................................. 39 .................................................................................................................................................. 40 7.2.5Tourism Activities ..................................................................................................................................................... 40 iiiGeneral Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK .....................................................................................................40 ..........................................................................41 ......................................................................41 .................................................................................................................. 42 CHAPTER 8 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................... 43 ........................................................................................... 43 ............................................................................................. 43 8.1.2 MBREMP Advisory Committee................................................................................................................................ 43 8.1.3 Warden-in-Charge ................................................................................................................................................... 43 8.1.4 Village Liaison Committees .................................................................................................................................... 43 8.1.5 Key Role of VEMPs .................................................................................................................................................. 43 ................................................................................................ 45 ......................................................................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 9 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REVIEW OF THE GMP ................................................................. 46 ............................................................................................................46 .........................................................................................................46 ..........................................................................................................................................46 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................47 APPENDIX I....................................................................................................................................................49 .............................49 SCHEDULE .....................................................................................................................................................49 iv MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan PREAMBLE vGeneral Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK APPROVAL PAGE Chairman Warden-in-Charge, MBREMP Chairperson Unit Manager, MPRU Hon. Dr. David Mathayo David (MP) Minister of Livestock and Fisheries Development vi MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan VISION MISSION MOTTO viiGeneral Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK viii MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan FOREWORD Hon. Dr. David Mathayo David (MP) Minister of Livestock and Fisheries Development ixGeneral Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK ACRONYMS GMP General Management Plan x MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 xiGeneral Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK xii MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 1General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK CHA P TE R 1 IN TR OD U CT ION 1.1 National Marine Parks and Reserves Initiative 1.2 Historical Development of Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park et al. 1.3 Target Audience of the General Management Plan 2 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan A ND THE R EV IE W P RO C ES S ACHIEVEMENTS MADE AS A RESULT OF THE 2005/2010 GMP IMPLEMENTATION Objective 1: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation 3General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK Objective 2: Sustainable Resource Use and Rehabilitation Objective 3: Community Participation and Management Objective 4: Environmental Education and Information Sharing management. 4 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan (ITMEMS), Objective 5: Research and Monitoring of Resource Conditions and Use Objective 6: Under-utilized Resources Development Objective 7: Aesthetic and natural values of the park Objective 8: Cultural Resources Protection and Conservation Objective 9: Sustainable Eco-tourism 5General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK CHA P TE R 2 R ES OU R CE DES CR IP T IO N A ND R E SOU R CE USE 2.1 AR EA AN D L O C ATI ON 2.2 Physical Features 2.2.1 Geology and Topography 6 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan Msimbati Channel and Namponda Island, viewed from Ruvula Beach. 2.2.2 Bathymetry 7General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 8 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 2.2.3 Oceanography 2.2.3.1 Currents 2.2.3.2 Tides 2.2.4 Climate 2.2.4.1 Weather seas. 2.2.4.2 Temperature and Cyclones 2.2.4.3 Rainfall and Sediments 9General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 2.3 Natural Environment 2.3.1 Coastal Forests andShrubs 2.3.2 Sand Banks and Beaches Figure 4: Sand banks which are very attractive and are also turle nesting sites 10 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 2.3.3 Mangrove Forests 11General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 2.3.4 Seagrass Beds 2.3.5 Shallow Subtidal Habitats 2.3.6 Rocky Shores 12 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 2.3.7 Coral Reefs 13General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 2.3.8 Crustaceans 2.3.9 Molluscs 2.3.10 Echinoderms 14 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 2.3.11 Marine Fish 2.3.12 MarineTurtles 15General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 2.3.13 Marine Mammals 2.3.14 Shorebirds 2.3.15 Freshwater Animals 16 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 2.4 Human Population and Activities (Resource Use) 2.4.1 Fishing 17General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK (adopted from Malleret & Simbua 2004) Gear Type Daily Fishing Pattern Seasonality Targeted Species Nyavu Mshipi 18 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan Gear Type Daily Fishing Pattern Seasonality Targeted Species Madema Mdeki Bunduki Nondo Wando tides Zulumati Jarife Kimia Lusenga Ring Nets KavogoyaKusini tandilo uduvi 19General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK Gear Type Daily Fishing Pattern Seasonality Targeted Species Juya 2.4.2 Agriculture and Livestock 2.4.3 Mangroves 2.4.4 Coastal Forests and Shrubs 2.4.5 Coral Mining 20 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 2.5 Tourism 2.6 Natural Gas 2.7 Makonde Culture 21General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK CHAPTER 3 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES 3.1 Natural Resource Issues 22 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan rates. 3.1.3 Destructive Fishing 23General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 3.1.4 Endangered Species 3.1.5 Coral Mining 24 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 3.1.6 Mangrove Harvesting 3.2. Socio-economic Issues 25General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 3.3 Opportunities 3.3.1 Tourism 3.3.2 Mtwara Development Corridor (MtDC) 26 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan CHAPTER 4 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 4.1 Goal 4.2 Objectives 27General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK CHAPTER 5 GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 5.1 Guiding Principles 5.1.1 Ecological Principles 5.1.1.1 Ecosystem Approach 5.1.1.2 Precautionary Principle 5.1.1.3 Adaptive Management Approach 5.1.2 Socio-economic Principles 5.1.2.1 Integrated Management Approach for Multiple Uses 5.1.2.2 Collaborative Management through Community Participation 28 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 5.1.2.4 Incorporation of Gender Balance 5.2 Management Strategies 5.2.1 Objective: Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Processes Strategies: 29General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 5.2.2 Objective: Sustainable Use of Marine Living Resources and Rehabilitation of Damaged Resources 5.2.3 Objective: Community Participation in Management and Access to Resources 30 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 5.2.4 Objective: Environmental Education and Information Sharing 5.2.5 Objective: Research and Monitoring of Resource Conditions and Use Strategies 31General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 5.2.6 Objective: Sustainable Use of Under-utilised Resources Strategies: 5.2.7 Objective: Protection of Cultural Heritage of Park Residents Strategies: sites 5.2.8 Objective: Protection of Aesthetic and Natural Values Strategies: 32 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 5.2.9 Objective: Sustainable Eco-tourism Strategies: 33General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK CHAPTER 6 ZONING SCHEME 6.1 Rationale 6.2 Purpose 6.3 Designation of Zones 34 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan permitted. TABLE: 6.1: Description of Core zones No. Name Main habitat 1 2 3 Matenga 4 5 6. sites and Heritiera litoralis Criteria for selection: 35General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK No. Name Main habitat 1. 2. 3. 6.4.3 General-use Zones Criteria for selection: . 36 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 37General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 6.4.5 Future review and modification of the zoning scheme 38 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan CHA P TE R 7 Prohibited And Regulated Activities T 7.1 Prohibited Activities 7.1.1 Prohibited Extraction of Living Resources juya kavogo juya la kusini juya la kojani kokoro mtando likembe) tandilo 7.1.2 Prohibited Extraction of Non-living Resources 7.1.3 Prohibited Construction and Development 39General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 7.1.5 Prohibited Tourism Activities 7.2 R EG U LATE D A C TI VI TI ES 7.2.1 Fishing Activities 7.2.2 Mangrove Harvesting representatives. 7.2.3 Non-mangrove Harvesting (Other Forest Products) 40 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 7.2.5 Tourism Activities See Summary Of Permitted Fisheries Activities By Zone Residents Residents P P 1 2 P P P P P KEY: 1 tambo. 2 jarife and 41General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK Summary Of Permitted Marine Resource-Use (Non-Fishing) By Zone Residents Residents P P P P 3 P P 4 P P KEY: Summary Of Permitted Forest And Terrestrial Resource-Use By Zone Residents Residents P P P P 5 P P P P P KEY: 3 seacucumber farming, etc. 4 Includes collection of limited samples of biological or inorganic material for development of medicinal, pharmaceutical or other commercial products 5 Includes any structure, except those providing services to tourism, whether temporary or permanent and whether for domestic or commercial purposes. 42 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan Summary of tourism regulations by zone Activity Core Zones KEY: 6 accommodation buildings, shops, restaurants, shelters, water-sport related structures and structures providing utility functions such as waste disposal, water and electricity. 43General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK CHA P TE R 8 Management Structure And Operational Framework 8.1 Management Structure, Roles And Responsibilities 8.1.1 Board of Trustees and Marine Parks and Reserves Unit 8.1.2 MBREMP Advisory Committee 8.1.3 Warden-in-Charge 8.1.4 Village Liaison Committees (VLCs) 44 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan Management Structure of Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park: 45General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK 8.1.5 Key Roles of VEMPs 8.1.6 Mtwara Rural District Council 8.2 Subsidiary Legislation inter alia 46 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan CHA P TE R 9 Monitoring, Evaluation And Review Of The G M P 9.1 Why Monitor Management Effectiveness made as needed. et al. 9.3. Periodic review of the plan 47General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK RE F E RE N CE S http://www.birdlife. reefs. Bull. Mar. Sci., Marine Park & Recommendations for a Conservation Strategy In Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000 48 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan 49General Management Plan MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK A P PEN D IX I 1994. SCH EDU LE 50 MNAZI BAY-RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK General Management Plan Board Of Trustees Marine Parks And Reserves Unit September 2011