Implementation Strategy of the National Trade Policy 2023

1.1 Introduction. .............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Issues of implementation.......................................................................... 1

1.3 Institutions and Stakeholders Responsibilities. ..................................... 2

1.4 Expected Results of Implementation of National Trade Policy 2023 Strategy. ...................................................................... 3

1.5 Conclusion.................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER TWO.....................................................................5 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF TRADE SECTOR. .......................................... 5

2.1 Overview of Trade Sector. ........................................................................ 5

2.1.1 Implementation Status of the National Trade Policy, 2003................................................................................................. 5

2.1.2 National Context........................................................................................ 7

2.1.3 Regional Context. ...................................................................................... 8

2.1.4 Global Context. .......................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER THREE. ...............................................................11 VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES................................................... 11

3.1 Vision and Mission..................................................................................11

3.1.1 Vision . .......................................................................................................11

3.1.2 Mission......................................................................................................11

3.2 OBJECTIVES. ..........................................................................................11

3.2.1 Overall Objective. ....................................................................................11

3.2.2 Specific Objectives. ..................................................................................11 vii CHAPTER FOUR................................................................... 13 POLICY OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS. ...............................13 4.1 Policy Coherence, Legal and Regulatory Framework and Institutional Coordination............................................................................................13

4.2 Domestic Trade Development. ..............................................................15

4.3 Trade Integration. ....................................................................................18

4.4 The Global Trade Shocks, Tensions and Disputes...............................21

4.5 Marketing Infrastructure........................................................................23

4.6 Trade Policy Instruments (Competition, Consumer Protection and Trade Remedies.............................................................24

4.7 Trade in Services......................................................................................26

4.8 Trade Facilitation.....................................................................................28

4.9 Development of E-Commerce. ..............................................................29

4.10 Trade Financing. ......................................................................................31

4.11 Private Sector Engagement and Inclusiveness in Trade.................... 33

4.12 Cross Cutting Issues. ...............................................................................34

4.12.1 Environment.............................................................................................34

4.12.2 HIV / AIDS...............................................................................................36

4.12.3 Pandemic Diseases...................................................................................36

4.12.4 Good Governance....................................................................................37

4.12.5 Gender.......................................................................................................38

4.12.6 Youth in trade...........................................................................................39 CHAPTER FIVE....................................................................41 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION....................................................... 41

5.1 Required Financial Resources................................................................41

5.2 Implementation Time Frame. ................................................................41

5.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Trade Stakeholders. ..............................41

5.4 Ministry Rresponsible for Trade............................................................41

5.5 Other Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs. ......................42

5.6 Local Government Authorities (LGAs..................................................42

5.7 National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives . ...........43

5.8 The Judiciary.............................................................................................43 viii

5.9 Private Sector............................................................................................43

5.10 Academic and Research Institutions.....................................................43

5.11 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs. ................................................................43

5.12 Development Partners.............................................................................44

5.13 Media . .......................................................................................................44

5.14 Diaspora....................................................................................................44

5.15 Individuals. ...............................................................................................44 LOG FRAME FOR IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL TRADE POLICY 2023.......................................................... 45

5.16 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E).......................................................79 ix CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania conducted a review of the National Trade Policy of 2003 to accommodate, among others, developments that had taken place within and outside the country. These developments include national economic re-orientation with more focus on industrialisation and trade development, changing regional and continental dynamics, adoption of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030; rapid advances in science and technology with the expanded importance of creativity and innovation, increased digital connectivity propelling among others, digital economy and e-commerce and growing concerns on climate change. Therefore, the rationale for this Implementation Strategy is to facilitate the execution of the National Trade Policy 2023, aligning with national priorities as well as global and regional trade obligations. This strategy is reinforced by a comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework, enabling adaptability to evolving circumstances and requirements.

1.2 Issues of implementation The National Trade Policy 2023 has established 12 priority strategic objectives between 2023 and 2033. These priorities have been developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT) based on consultation with stakeholders. These priorities are to: 1) Improve Policy coherence, Legal and Regulatory Frameworks and Institutional, coordination; 2) Enhance Domestic Trade Development; 3) Enhance trade integration and utilisation of 1 foreign market opportunities; 4) Strengthen and develop economic resilient measures against the impact of global trade shocks, tensions and disputes; 5) Strengthen Marketing infrastructures; 6) Enhance Fair Trade Practices and consumer protection; 7) Improve development and performance of Trade in Services; 8) Enhance trade facilitation to reduce trading cost and time; 9) Strengthen e-commerce infrastructures and utilisation of digital technologies; 10) Strengthen Private Sector engagement and inclusiveness in trade development; 11) Improve access to Finance; and 12) Mainstream Cross-Cutting Issues in trade. It is expected that effective implementation of these priorities will stimulate trade through efficiency and competitiveness to accelerate the achievement of socio-economic transformation and facilitate the attainment of sustainable growth and human development.

1.3 Institutions and Stakeholders’ Responsibilities The key implementers of this implementation strategy are from Government institutions namely: the President’s Office of Public Services Management, President’s Office- Regional Administration and Local Government, Vice President’s Office (Environment), Prime Minister’s Office (Private Sector Development), Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT), Ministry of Trade and Industrial Development (MTID) Zanzibar, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Minerals, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Ministry of Information, Communication and Information Technology and other Ministries. These Ministries will develop policies, legislation and plans governing trade in their respective sectors while Development Partners will facilitate technical and financial support toward the implementation of the Policy. Other key Institutions include the Bank of Tanzania, Local Government Authorities (LGAs), Institution/Agency/Authorities responsible for trade development such as the Tanzania Trade Development Authority (TanTrade), Fair Competition Commission (FCC), Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS), Weight and Measures Agency (WMA), Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC), Tanzania Private Sector Foundation (TPSF), R&D Institutions, Non-State 2 Actors and Private Sector. These institutions will facilitate the implementation of the policies at the national and local levels. It is expected that the Implementation Strategy will facilitate efficient and effective achievement of the objectives of the National Trade Policy 2023.

1.4 Expected Results of Implementation of National Trade Policy 2023 Strategy The Implementation Strategy of the National Trade Policy 2023 aims to fully exploitation of trade opportunities within national, regional, and global trading frameworks. In particular, it will enhance capitalizing on the existing and emerging market opportunities from the bilateral, RECs and multilateral trade arrangements, and strategic positioning of Tanzania as a trade hub for the neighbouring land-locked countries. Full utilisation of these market opportunities will result in the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and better lives of the people. Furthermore, it will create an enabling business environment that facilitates the efficient creation of new businesses and operation of existing businesses resulting in improved performance, growth, competitiveness, job creation, attraction of local and foreign investors and eventually improvements of Tanzanians’ welfare. Also, it will enhance the provision of innovative financial and non-financial support services through increased access and usage of financial products and services by traders and increased availability and access of appropriate Business Development Services (BDS). Through these initiatives, it is expected more traders will utilise these financial products and services for productive investments and henceforth increase their productivity. Moreover, it will improve the performance of trade in services in the country. Trade in services is increasingly important to global economic growth. However, in Tanzania’s context, this type of trade has not been fully utilised as it is predominantly based on traditional services. Through the implementation of this strategy, it is expected that trade in service will be diversified hence contributing more to the economic development. 3 Ultimately, it will enhance existing technologies and foster the development of new ones, essential for facilitating a conducive business environment within the country. Additionally, this technology will strengthen the logistics value chain for trade connectivity at local and regional levels, enhance coordination between central and local government entities, and stimulate both public and private sector investment in trade. Improved technology is anticipated to enhance traders’ efficiency, performance, and market access. In a nutshell, this strategy outlines a course of action to achieve the National Strategic Goals and vision outlined in National Trade Policy 2023. It has established various strategic objectives, which, if effectively implemented, will culminate in the growth of a vibrant and dynamic domestic and international trade sector. It will further contribute to competitiveness and thus trigger national economic development.

1.5 Conclusion The successful implementation of this policy will transform Tanzania into a competitive and prosperous trading nation. The implementation will also enhance the contribution of trade sectors to gross domestic product, income and employment. Prospects for this transformative impact lie in opportunities in the domestic market as well as in the regional and global markets, where Tanzania has immense unexploited trade potential. 4 CHAPTER TWO SITUATION ANALYSIS OF TRADE SECTOR

2.1 Overview of the Trade Sector In the economy, the trade sector is vital as it serves as a source of income generation, employment creation, and welfare improvement. In 2021, the trade sector contributed 8.7 per cent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For the trade sector to spur growth and economic development, it requires, among others, good governance that is reflected in the availability of peace, stability and observance of human rights. This will also include the rule of law that promotes democracy, accountability, transparency and inclusiveness at all levels, both at the institutional and individual conduct. Generally, a conducive and sustainable environment in terms of policies, strategies, regulations and rules is very important for trade development. In this regard, continued policy review and legal reforms are necessary to catch up with new developments, dynamics and emerging challenges at national, regional and international levels.

2.1.1 Implementation Status of the National Trade Policy, 2003 In 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Trade commissioned the study to undertake a comprehensive assessment of the implementation of the National Trade Policy of 2003. The assessment, among other things, identifies achievements, limitations and challenges faced during its implementation. In addition, the assessment recommends the review of the policy to adequately address developments and changes that have taken place within and outside the country. The assessment further indicates that targets set in the National Trade Policy, 2003 were not fully attained as desired. Achievements realized during the implementation of the National Trade Policy, 2003 are: Diversification and 5 expansion of markets through bilateral, regional and multilateral trade negotiations; Increased value of manufactured exports from USD 83.5 in 2003 to 1,419.2 in 2022; Establishment of Online Registration System (ORS) for business name, company, Industrial License, Mark, Patent Registration; and Establishment of Trade Information Module. Other achievements include the enactment of Acts and the establishment of institutions to oversee trade development in the country. These include the Fair Competition Act of 2003 which established the Fair Competition Commission (FCC) 2007; the Fair Competition Tribunal (FCT) 2007 and National Consumer Advocacy Council (NCAC); the Tanzania Trade Development Authority Act of 2009 which established Tanzania Trade Development Authority (TanTrade) 2010; Export Processing Zones Act of 2013 which established Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA); Special Economic Zones Act of 2006; Business Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act of 2012; and Standards Act of 2009. According to the assessment undertaken, the low level of performance in the implementation of National Trade Policy, 2003 was due to: inadequate support to private sector development; a non-conducive regulatory framework; inadequate accommodation of emerging opportunities; low technological capabilities to support product transformation from low technology to medium-high and high technology exports; limited complementarities with other sector policies; inadequate data management systems for tracking and reporting trade data; severity of environmental quality degradation; low level of skills and low level of formalization. Furthermore, after the adoption of the National Trade Policy in 2003, the Policy Implementation Strategy was not developed to guide the implementation of the Policy objectives and tracking performance. This led to difficulties in adequately tracing the implementation status of the Policy in terms of specific achievements and challenges. Moreover, for implementation to take place smoothly, the roles of key actors and stakeholders must be clearly defined and coordinated. Conversely, during the implementation of the National Trade Policy of 2003, the trade regulatory framework was characterized by overlapping and sometimes conflicting mandates of some trade-related institutions. To address this situation, the Government formulated a Blueprint for Regulatory 6 Reforms in 2018 aimed at enhancing the business environment. The Blueprint tackles various challenges in policies, laws, regulations, taxes, charges, and fees, to reduce the cost and time associated with conducting business in the country.

2.1.2 National Context Trade performance is seen as a central and pivotal pillar in the attainment of the mission of the economic sectors towards higher productivity, diversification and international competitiveness. Tanzania’s economic take- off depends on how the country makes use of opportunities presented by trade liberalization and globalization. Trade liberalization entails the gradual lifting of restrictions on trade through the reduction of tariffs and removal of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs). It leads to diversification and fierce competition within and outside the economy. Opportunities resulting from trade liberalization boost domestic productivity, efficiency, and quality, thereby reducing production costs and, consequently, prices. Ultimately, this leads to enhanced consumer welfare The main challenge facing contemporary Tanzania is how to bolster both diversification and competitiveness among domestic firms and entrepreneurs, enabling them to effectively and profitably engage in regional and emerging global markets. The country’s estimated total population of about 61.7 million, with a growth rate of 3.2 per cent, creates a large consumer market with high demand for consumables. Despite the increasing demand for consumables, the economy is characterized by a narrow industrial base.This is on account that liberalization has driven several private sector players either out of business operation or to shift towards retail trade, thus consumption requirements are supplemented by imported goods and services. The major imports include machinery and transport equipment, textile and clothing, petroleum products, electrical and construction materials, industrial raw materials, pharmaceuticals and to some extent, food items. In terms of trading partners, over 73 per cent of Tanzania’s trade is concentrated in ten countries (China, Switzerland, India, South Africa, United Emirates, Kenya, DRC, USA, Comoro and Vietnam). Approximately 39pe cent of the country’s imports (including machinery, technologies, and 7 manufactured goods) come from China and India, while around 44per cent of exports (comprising minerals, tourism, coffee, cashew nuts, cotton, sisal, tobacco, tea, and cloves) are destined for Switzerland, India, South Africa, China, and Kenya. Over the years, Tanzania’s major exports have largely been contributed by traditional cash crops. However, the share of these products in the export sector has been declining year after year due to low productivity levels, quality and limited value chain development before exports. Similarly, most of the agricultural exports have continued to be in raw form, mainly due to a weak agro-processing industrial base. Most of the privatized key agro-processing industries, such as the leather and textiles industries, have not performed as expected, resulting in continued exports of raw produce. Lastly, capitalising on the vast opportunities provided by trade agreements such as trade facilitation, Tanzania is strategically positioned with the presence of the ports and being surrounded by landlocked countries. Huge investments taking place in infrastructure like the standard gauge railway line and Julius Nyerere Hydropower Project add to strengthening the enabling environment for trade development and economic transformation. The policy will play a critical role in aligning infrastructure development and the industrialization process to enhance trade competitiveness

2.1.3 Regional Context Tanzania is a member of the East Africa Community (EAC); Southern African Development Community (SADC); and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and has signed the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Agreement (TFTA). Within these Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Tanzania is enjoying preferential market access through a substantial reduction of tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) arising from a deeper integration process. Moreover, the RECs are pivotal in establishing a strong common position when negotiating with other non-REC members on trade and trade-related matters. At the continental level, Tanzania is one of the 54 African Union Member States that have signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Additionally, Tanzania ratified the AfCFTA agreement in September 2021. Through AfCFTA, Africa is championing an integrated trade approach to 8 realise the continent’s development goals outlined in Agenda 2063. These efforts are informed by lessons learned from previous strategic planning initiatives at regional and sub-regional levels, such as the Lagos Plan of Action, the Abuja Treaty, and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). They aim to tackle new and emerging challenges on the continent over the short, medium, and long-term periods. The Agenda 2063 outlines the vision and action plan for the future that Africa aspires to achieve. The aim is to build a more united and stronger Africa through the pursuit of a common agenda and demonstrated capacity to speak with one voice and negotiate programmes aimed at developing Africa as a continent. Other initiatives being pursued include building common infrastructure; shared programmes on industrial development; and the facilitation of movement of people across the African continent. Notably, Africa’s integration has been expanded beyond trade in goods to include trade in services, investment, intellectual property and other aspects similar to those being pursued at the multilateral level. At the sub-continental levels, countries are engaged in negotiations to harmonize programmes for regional integration to create wider markets and common programmes for the development of infrastructure and the promotion of industrial growth. RECs are the building block to Africa’s integration. These efforts arise at a time when intra-African trade is significantly low, accounting for less than 20 per cent of the continent’s total trade with the rest of the world. African countries do not trade by themselves mainly due to low connectivity, high trading costs, and homogeneity of traded products with little or no value addition and the absence of regional value chain development programs. Additionally, Tanzania needs to address challenges resulting from multiple memberships such as running costs, conflicting commitments and cross-border challenges.

2.1.4 Global Context Being a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Tanzania’s trade interaction with the globe is guided by WTO governance and trading rules. In 9 the recent past, global trade has taken a new dimension with the expansion and extension of new trade issues such as intellectual property rights, investment policy, social matters, movement of capital, environmental policy and some aspects of domestic policy regulations, among others commonly referred to as WTOs Extras (WTO-X). As a result, countries globally are increasingly resorting to plurilateral and unilateral preferential trade arrangements as opposed to multilateral trading arrangements, which have no commitments and mandates on the new policy areas. Tanzania is a party to several notable unilateral preferential trade arrangements, including the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) schemes, the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), and the Everything But Arms Initiative (EBA). Global trade has transitioned from merchant dominance to the inclusion of services trade, driven by the rapid development and integration of telecommunication and computer technologies, which have facilitated virtual tradeability. However, the increasing growth of services trade has not been shared equally among countries, regions and economies due to their differences in services productivity and level of liberalization. A lot is desired for Tanzania to diversify her exports from goods to services, mostly from the traditional services exports to those driven by technology. Furthermore, while merchandise trade has continued to be a key driver for global economic expansion, there is a rapid shift to integrated production with the emergence of global value chains and the quest for increased foreign direct investment. Countries are striving to be at the higher level of the value chain, which commands more trading value. Developing countries like Tanzania, which are arguably price takers in global trade, continue to be threatened by volatility in commodity prices and sharp movements in major global currencies. Besides, the ongoing efforts of substantially reducing tariffs through the commitments at the multilateral level and within the framework of Free Trade Areas (FTAs), have seen the rising application of non-tariff measures posing challenges to the global governance of trade. The Non-Tariff Measures such as standards and certification, among others, impede Tanzania’s exports to various markets thus creating an increasing imbalance of trade. 10 CHAPTER THREE VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 Vision and Mission

3.1.1 Vision “To become Competitive and resilient economy, led by trade-induced industrialization for inclusive social-economic development”.

3.1.2 Mission “To stimulate the development and growth of domestic and external trade through enhancing competitiveness, in order to accelerate socio-economic transformation”.

3.2 OBJECTIVES

3.2.1 Overall Objective To spur trade through efficiency and competitiveness in order to accelerate the achievement of socio-economic transformation.

3.2.2 Specific Objectives The specific objectives of NTP 2023 are as follows: i. Improve policy coherence, legal and regulatory frameworks and institutional coordination; ii. Enhance domestic trade development; iii. Strengthen trade integration and utilisation of foreign market opportunities; iv. Strengthen and develop economic resilient measures against impacts of global trade shocks, tensions and disputes; 11 v. Strengthen marketing infrastructures; vi. Strengthen fair trade practices and consumer protection; vii. Improve performance of Trade in Services; viii. Enhance trade facilitation to reduce trading costs and time; ix. Strengthen E-commerce infrastructures and utilisation of digital technologies; x. Improve access to trade finance; xi. Strengthen private sector engagement and inclusiveness in trade development; and xii. Mainstream cross-cutting issues in trade. 12 CHAPTER FOUR POLICY OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS

4.1 Policy Coherence, Legal and Regulatory Framework and Institutional Coordination Appropriate Policy, Institutional coordination, and Legal and Regulatory Frameworks are essential for developing and guiding the implementation of the Trade Policy. This framework plays a critical role in establishing an enabling environment for fostering the trade sector. Institutional and legal frameworks for trade are interlinked with other sectoral legislation and policies. Legal and regulatory frameworks provide the guidance needed to achieve the policy objectives while institutional coordination provides smooth trade flow among the trading partners as well as enhancing trade competitiveness in the implementation of activities and programmes related to trade policy. Notably, lack of good coherence in the national policies has been picked by various studies as a major hindrance to effective implementation of various government initiatives on trade development and smooth flow of trade, internally and externally. Currently, various sectors specific to trade-related Acts lack coordination, making it challenging for the Ministry responsible for Trade to effectively oversee trade matters. This situation calls for the need to have an explicit legal mandate for the Ministry responsible for Trade in overseeing and supervising trade across various sectors. In addition, inadequate coordination among Trade and trade-related institutions leads to a fragmented institutional chain of command in managing trade and trade-related issues. The fragmentation and duplication of trade 13 mandates breed inefficiency in trade development. To avoid duplication and conflict of roles between trade and trade-related institutions at central, local and other Government Authorities in the management of trade and Trade- related issues, there is a need to ensure proper coordination mechanisms and mainstreaming of trade at Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and Regional Administration. Efforts have been made by the Government to ensure the existence of enabling institutions and legal frameworks to achieve cross-sectoral coordination on issues related to trade development. Notable developments in this context include the enactment and amendment of legislation to ensure cross-sectorial coordination, as well as the development and implementation of the Blueprint for Regulatory Reforms to improve the business environment in Tanzania. This Blueprint addresses challenges in policies, laws, regulations, levies, and taxes that require reforms aimed at reducing the cost of doing business in the country. Moreover, the Government has issued guidelines on policy development that call for a broader stakeholder engagement (especially in the private sector) and thus trigger ownership. Despite government efforts, more needs to be done to address outstanding impediments, including policy conflicts and overlaps, inadequate coordination among ministries dealing with trade-related matters, an inadequate regulatory environment, and the need for mainstreaming trade-related issues at the Regional Administration and Local Government Authorities (LGAs) levels. Policy Objective: To improve policy coherence, legal and regulatory framework and institutional coordination. Strategies: a) Establish a National Trade Act which shall give sole responsibility to the Minister responsible for trade to supervise all trade matters across other sectors; b) Promote mainstreaming of trade issues in other trade-related policies and plans at LGAs, Regional and National levels; 14 c) Establish mechanisms to ensure effective participation in legal and regulatory reforms related to trade; and d) Enhance coordination among trade-related MDAs and LGAs. Targets: (i) National Trade Act, enacted and operationalised by 2024; (ii) Effective engagement in the development of trade-related policies attained by 2033; (iii) Complementarity in policy development and implementation promoted by 2033; (iv) Trade Policy and Trade Related Policies harmonized by 2033; (v) Legal and regulatory framework coordination enhanced by 2033; (vi) National Trade Committee established and facilitated by 2026; and (vii) Institutional coordination on trade and trade-related issues enhanced by 2033.

4.2 Domestic Trade Development Tanzania, as an agricultural economy, primarily relies on established marketing infrastructures like Cooperative Unions, Marketing Boards for Commercial produce, online platforms, and other markets facilitated by middlemen and local traders for the trading of most farm produce. Unlike agricultural products, manufactured products which account for 15 per cent of total GDP are sourced from the industries and largely augmented by imports through Dar es Salaam Port and distributed upcountry into retail shops, privately owned establishments that specialize in some specific products or general shops. Developing trade depends on prioritizing the implementation of measures addressing the totality of supply-side constraints. These constraints extend across the entire product value chain from production through processing and delivery to the consumer and encompass the full range of supporting services involved. The United Republic of Tanzania borders the Indian Ocean on the East and has a long coastal line stretching from Mtwara to Tanga Region, and thus stands a good opportunity to develop the blue economy activities in the country. The potential in the blue economy is considered enormous and would be instrumental for the creation of high-productivity jobs, improving 15 the standard of living of the people and Government revenue at large. Presently, the blue economy activities are concentrated in fishing, maritime transport, hotels, restaurants and sea sports activities. There is however, a lot of untapped potential in the blue economy, which includes the scope of new activities and industries, as well as value addition, including the commercialization of fisheries and aquaculture, in line with domestic and export market demand. Tanzania has taken several initiatives to develop domestic trade. Such initiatives include a Market promotion programme; Formulation and Implementation of a Blueprint for Regulatory Reforms to Improve the Business Environment; Building of optic fibre cable, buying of cargo aeroplanes, expansion and innovation of ports, installation of sensor weighbridges, establishing integrated marketing information system; Formulation of Agricultural Marketing Strategies; Establishing and scaling up of market risks management system; and Development of marketing infrastructure (which include market centres, warehouses, strategic markets, one-stop border posts, border markets and feeder roads). Despite these efforts, Tanzania’s domestic trade is highly characterized by fragmented domestic markets and a weak industrial base. Production is de- linked from demand areas due to a lack of Comprehensive trade information systems and communication networks; Inadequate Road and railway networks; Inadequate market infrastructure, packaging facilities, logistics, and financial services; and Inadequate energy generation and supply. There is limited outreach of Trade and Business Support Institutions at the local level to assist product development initiatives. Market systems and structures are undeveloped and fragmented, which limits producers and farmers to access markets. On the other hand, Tanzania’s export performance in global trade is still low and recording a negative balance of trade. This has been due to inadequate brand identity for Tanzanian products; Weak supply capacity; and Inability to meet international market standards and requirements among others. Moreover, limited technology to stimulate diversification and value addition in 16 domestically produced products is a hurdle, hence weakening export capacity. There is also a need to ensure that distribution channels are strengthened and well-functioning for a smooth flow of goods from wholesalers to retailers and from producers to consumers. Policy Objective: To enhance Domestic Trade Development. Strategies: a) Ensure domestic trade laws and regulations are coherent and coordinated; b) Enhance engagement of the private sector in domestic trade through formalisation, enhancing competitiveness, and encouraging diaspora participation.; c) Strengthen product value addition and supply chain; d) Strengthen cooperatives and associations; e) Promote product cluster development; f) Enhance trading competitiveness; g) Promote branding of Tanzanian products; h) Enhance trade related Research and Development; i) Enhance the development and harnessing of IPRs; and j) Emphasize utilisation of local resources in the production of goods, services and trade; Targets (i) Continuous effective engagement in developing trade-related laws and regulations by 2033; (ii) Guideline for the formalisation of business developed by 2026; (iii) Capacity building, information and best practice sharing among the private sector strengthened by 2033; (iv) Coordination mechanism for diaspora engagement in trade established by 2033; (v) Value-added products trade increased by 2033; (vi) Supply chain of goods and services strengthened by 2033; (vii) Cooperatives and associations operation along the value chain promoted by 2033; 17 (viii) Production clusters and industrial parks established and operationalised by 2033; (ix) Domestic trade framework formulated and operationalised by 2033; (x) Productivity and diversification of products improved by 2028; (xi) Products standard and certification mechanism enhanced by 2033; (xii) Branding and promotion of domestic products executed by 2033; (xiii) Product branding system established by 2033; (xiv) Product diagnostic study enhanced by 2033; (xv) IPRs coordinating system established by 2028; (xvi) Framework for harnessing IPRs flexibilities in bilateral, regional and multilateral agreements developed by 2033; (xvii) Trading of quality and standards of goods and services enhanced by 2033; (xviii) Post-harvest handling and quality management facilities improved by 2033; and (xix) Enhanced trade for goods and services produced locally by 2033;

4.3 Trade Integration Tanzania integrates with other countries through bilateral, regional and multilateral trade arrangements. The overriding objective of trade integration is to maximise the benefits from the movement of goods, services and other factors of production to enhance trade flows. At the multilateral level, Tanzania is amongst the founding members of the Multilateral Trading System through its WTO membership. By being a member of the WTO, Tanzania has committed herself to various multilateral trade agreements. These agreements include among others Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement, Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement, Anti-dumping Agreement, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement, Customs Valuation Agreement, Agreement on Agriculture, General Agreement on Trade in Services, and Trade Related Intellectual Properties (TRIPs) Agreement. All these agreements have been taken into account in crafting this policy, which aims to facilitate Tanzania’s integration into multilateral trade, primarily through WTO member states. 18 Tanzania as a developing member of the WTO has benefited from various technical and capacity-building programmes and trade opportunities such as Duty Free and Quota Free Market Access. At bilateral and regional levels, Tanzania has entered into bilateral trading agreements with various countries such as China; India; Russia and some RECs. Tanzania has joined Regional Economic Communities (RECs) including the East Africa Community (EAC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Other integration processes that Tanzania is involved in include the Organization of the African Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPs) and the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area. The integration efforts have granted the country access to vast trade and investment opportunities in various regional and international markets. Along with the promotion of merchandise trade, the Government is facilitating trade in services such as tourism, through reforms that are aimed at easing the movement of people and other restrictions. However, Tanzania’s main export earnings still come from Non-Value-Added Exports that account for over 70 per cent of exports, leaving most of the demand in the opened markets untapped due to low levels of value addition, compliance and e-commerce adaptation. Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in the form of business registration requirements and licensing procedures, customs documentation and administrative procedures, immigration procedures, inspection requirements, standard requirements and many others, are among the issues which hinder the flow of goods and services across the regional and international markets. The government, in collaboration with stakeholders, has undertaken numerous initiatives to swiftly resolve Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) that hinder the flow of goods and services to regional and international markets upon notification. The National Monitoring Committee on Elimination of NTBs (NMC) has been established. In addition, the NTBs SMS reporting mechanism has been developed to enable traders to quickly report and follow the action taken in addressing the reported NTBs. The Government has also undertaken several sensitization and training programmes on foreign market requirements including standards. 19 In view of attaining an export-led industrialized economy, there is still a need to improve market access and penetration in the areas of value addition, quality and compliance, increased diversification of the export basket, capacity building, market intelligence and use of technology including online market platforms to increase country’s share in the international trade. To this end, there is a need to undertake a dedicated effort to ensure that opportunities emanating from bilateral, regional and multilateral trade are effectively utilised. Policy Objective: To strengthen trade integration and utilisation of foreign market opportunities. Strategies: a) Enhancing the competitiveness of the private sector in international trade; b) Promote export of value-added products; c) Establish mechanisms to facilitate effective participation in bilateral, regional and multilateral trade negotiations; d) Promote utilisation of opportunities emanating from bilateral, regional and multilateral trade; e) Enhance compliance to bilateral, regional and multilateral trade commitments; and f) Establish and strengthen market intelligence units across value chains. Targets: (i) The capacity of the private sector to participate in international trade strengthened by 2033; (ii) International consultative dialogue in trade enhanced by 2033; (iii) Value added on product exports promoted by 2033; (iv) Export Promotion Strategy developed and implemented by 2024; (v) Capacity on trade negotiation skills enhanced by 2033; (vi) National negotiation team established and facilitated by 2027; (vii) National trade needs and priorities identified by 2023; (viii) Bilateral trade agreements with strategic partners developed or reviewed by 2033; 20 (ix) Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral trade agreements domesticated by 2033; (x) Bilateral, Regional and multilateral trade opportunities utilised by 2033; (xi) Private sector participation in trade negotiations enhanced by 2033; (xii) Market intelligence units established and implemented by 2028; and (xiii) National mechanisms for monitoring and elimination of NTBs strengthened by 2033.

4.4 The Global Trade Shocks, Tensions and Disputes Trade flows in the global arena have experienced unforeseen hurdles from time to time emanating from various circumstances such as trade disputes, conflicts between nations, and influences that serve geopolitical interests. Recent developments in global trade relations have witnessed tensions between major trade partners, pandemics, natural disasters, and climate change. For developing countries and least developed countries, these disruptions have considerable adverse effects on the development and growth of trade. The nature of these disruptions is also significantly impacting trade. Hence, it is in the interest of developing countries and LDCs to make use of current times to learn lessons and investigate policy options to leverage the role of trade for better resilience to future trade shocks, tension and disputes. In efforts to prepare against these trade flow disruptions, the government has taken various measures to prepare the country for building resilience, such as attracting investments aiming at reducing dependence on imported key resources such as energy, foodstuffs and primary inputs. Projects on energy sources such as natural gas, hydroelectric power, and solar power together with FDI incentives for technology transfer, mechanization of agriculture for food security and industrialization of the economy, have set good footing for the country to absorb the trade shocks. Building on the current efforts by the government, as well as leveraging WTO agreements and opportunities arising from bilateral, regional, and multilateral trade agreements, further efforts are essential to prepare our 21 economy to respond and remain resilient in the face of disruptions caused by global trade, geopolitical shifts, and other trade shocks. Appropriate macroeconomic policy, supported by structural reform under solid instructions, can help revive growth after a term of trade disruption. This Trade Policy therefore encourages the reallocation of resources to be more efficient and opens up new opportunities and job creation. Subsequently, the country has to develop the mitigations and adaptive measures to address those challenges. Policy objective. To strengthen and develop economic resilient measures against the impacts of global trade shocks, tensions and disputes. Strategies (i) Enhance mitigation measures to address global trade shocks, tension and disputes (ii) Develop and strengthen technical response units to tackle trade flow disruptions. (iii) Engage relevant actors and forge partnerships with the private sector for shared responses to trade shocks. (iv) Create response procedures that collaborate efforts at all government levels. (v) Develop a national framework for governing trade shocks. Targets (i) Mitigation and adaptation measures to address global trade shocks enhanced by 2033; (ii) Technical response unit developed and strengthened by 2027; (iii) Mechanism for engaging relevant actors and private sector partnership established by 2033; (iv) Response procedures that collaborate efforts at all government levels created by 2026; and (v) National framework for governing global trade shocks developed by 2027. 22

4.5 Marketing Infrastructure Market infrastructure is an important component in marketing systems that stimulates increased production of goods and services, incomes and employment opportunities. In the course of production, both hard and soft infrastructures are vital for economic growth. Hard infrastructures include telecommunications, transportation, power, water and sanitation, while soft infrastructures include financial and information services. The efficient and effective delivery of both types of infrastructure is crucial for fostering a competitive economy and enabling broader participation in economic activities. The Government through various programs such as Marketing Infrastructure, Value Addition and Rural Finance Programme (MIVARF); and Agricultural Sector Development Programs (ASDP) has supported market infrastructure development in Tanzania. Such infrastructures that have been developed and improved include market facilities, roads, market centres, cold storage, border markets and warehouse facilities. This also includes construction and improvements of railways, airports and ports. Despite those efforts, market infrastructures are less developed and sparse relative to needs, making goods and service delivery unreliable and expensive. Moreover, a redress to inadequate awareness of the importance of using the available markets is paramount. Policy Objective. To strengthen marketing infrastructures Strategies: a) Enhance engagement of the private sector in the development of marketing infrastructures; b) Develop and improve strategic marketing infrastructures; and c) Strengthen trade data and information systems. Targets: (i) Private sector participation in marketing infrastructure development enhanced by 2025; 23 (ii) Strategic markets constructed and rehabilitated by 2033; (iii) Mechanism for collection and dissemination of trade information established by 2033; (iv) Marketing Information Systems Strengthened by 2033; (v) Product distribution channels established and improved by 2033; (vi) Trade hubs established by 2033; (vii) Warehouse receipt systems improved by 2033; (viii) Marketing systems utilisation awareness undertaken by 2033; and (ix) Trade Information Modules consistently updated by 2033.

4.6 Trade Policy Instruments (Competition, Consumer Protection and Trade Remedies) While there’s no definitive yardstick for fairness, trade policy instruments are designed to ensure that market economy principles are upheld. Fairtrade has emerged as an alternative market approach, promoting equal competition. Trade remedies or defence mechanisms aim to counteract “unfair” advantages gained by foreign exporters through subsidies or bounties from their governments, which could negatively impact domestic industries. The Government recognises the importance of fair trading and trade remedies to both producers and consumers. For producers, it ensures sustainable development through effective competition, which in the end, brings innovation and efficiency to the production and distribution of goods and services. Also, it shields them against unfair practices such as dumping, surges and subsidized products, which threaten the survival of domestic industries. To consumers, effective implementation of fair trade and trade remedies instruments ensure sustainable improvement of consumer welfare. Moreover, a sound measurement system is essential in protecting both producers and consumers as it addresses technical trade barriers that can lead to increased trade costs and inhibit the free flow of goods to international markets. Despite the critical role played by the fair trade and consumer protection practices’ instruments in fostering trade, still there are some challenges which need to be addressed to ensure the full benefits of fair trading. Some 24 of these challenges include unfair import competition, the existence of unfair trading practices, exploitation of consumers through various means including misleading and deceptive conduct, such as unjust measurements, the existence of counterfeit products and online unfair business transactions. In this regard, the Government has established institutions mandated with regulating unfair competition practices and consumer protection aspects. Of late, efforts are underway on the introduction of a wing dealing with trade remedies matters. Despite efforts undertaken by the Government regarding competition policy, consumer protection and trade remedies, more needs to be done as Tanzania envisages to attain an inclusive industrial-led economy. Policy Objective: To strengthen fair trade practices and consumer protection. Strategies: a) Facilitate fair trade and consumer protection; b) Promote private sector practices to adhere to fair competition and consumer protection; c) Enhance enforcement of fair-trade practices; and Targets: (i) National Consumer Advocacy Council exercising its mandate effectively by 2026; (ii) Fair competition Laws and Regulations revised by 2025; (iii) Mechanism to identify and reward good practices on fair competition and consumer protection developed by 2025; (iv) Institutions involved in enforcing fair trading practices strengthened by 2033; (v) Institutions involved in consumer protection practices enhanced by 2028; (vi) Trade Remedies Act enacted and operationalised by 2024; (vii) Merchandise Marks Act, 1963 reviewed by 2025; and (viii) operationalised stakeholders’ sensitization on fair trade practices and consumer protection conducted by 2025. 25

4.7 Trade in Services The longstanding perception that trade is predominantly merchandise is slowly changing as the world trade swipes towards services due to the advancement of technology. According to the WTO, services account for two-thirds of global output, one-third of global employment and nearly 20 per cent of global trade. The WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) defines services trade through four (4) modes of supply. The first mode is cross-border supply, which is the supply of a service from the territory of one Member into the territory of any other Member. The second mode involves consumption abroad, which entails supplying a service within the territory of one Member to the service consumer of any other Member. The third mode is commercial presence which is the supply of services by one Member through commercial presence, in the territory of any other Member. The fourth mode involves the movement of natural persons to supply the service by a member, through the presence of natural persons in the territory of other Members. The scope of trade-in services includes business services, tourism and travel- related services, financial services, communication services, education services, distribution services, transport services, construction services, energy services, sports and recreation services, health and health-related services and others. The commitments made by Tanzania under the WTO and the EAC Common Market Protocol, SADC Protocol on Trade in Services and Protocol on Trade in Services under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) have the effect of opening up the Tanzanian market to regional and international investors. The services sector contributed about 40 per cent of the GDP in the past decade, where between 2014 and 2017 it accounted for 16per cent of the exports and contributed up to 30per cent of total employment in Tanzania. The net services value-added rose from US$16.7 billion in 2013 to US$ 21.8 billion in 2017. The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) data show a significant share of services projects. For example, the sector accounted for more than 42per cent and 80per cent of the value of total investment projects registered by the Tanzania Investment Centre in 2017 and 2018 respectively. The services 26 sector in Tanzania is promoting sustainable growth and development by improving quality and lowering the costs of services can greatly enhance the competitiveness of the domestic industries. However, Tanzania’s performance in trade in services is still considered traditional and relatively low, despite the country’s abundant resources, particularly in tourism, transit, logistics trade, and growth trends in the region for countries with comparatively fewer endowments. The policy concern lies in the suboptimal benefits derived from trade in services compared to regional and global growth trends. Policy Objective: To improve the performance of Trade in Services. Strategies: a) Harmonise Trade in Service-related laws and regulations; b) Enhance participation of the private sector in improving Trade in Service environment; c) Ensure the establishment of a mechanism to administer Trade in Service; d) Enhance reforms and implementation of rade in-service regulations; and e) Create awareness programmes on Trade in Services. Targets: (i) Trade in Service-related laws and regulations harmonized by 2033; (ii) Engagement of the private sector in improving Trade in Service practised by 2025; (iii) Mechanism to administer Trade in Services developed and operationalised by 2028; (iv) Trade in Services data management system established and operationalised by 2025; (v) Legal and regulatory framework for Trade in Services reviewed by 2032; (vi) Investment and diversification of Trade in Services promoted by 2032; (vii) Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Trade in Services commitments domesticated by 2027; and (viii) Mapping of Trade in Services conducted by 2027. 27

4.8 Trade Facilitation Trade facilitation is an important phenomenon in domestic, regional and international trade as it deals with simplification, modernisation and harmonisation of trade procedures in export, import and transit trade. Trade facilitation reduces the cost and time of doing business thus improving efficiency and export competitiveness in regional and multilateral trade. It is also crucial for transit trade, as Tanzania plays a strategic role in serving neighbouring countries. Recognising the importance of trade facilitation, the Government has undertaken several initiatives and reforms, including constructing or rehabilitating roads, building flyovers, implementing the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project, modernising and expanding ports, installing weight-in- motion scales, and establishing One-Stop Border Posts (OSBPs). Additionally, the Government has developed the Single Window System, Trade Portal, and Electronic Cargo Tracking System, and many government services are now accessible online, facilitated by the Simplified Electronic Payment System enabled by the Government Electronic Payment Gateway (GePG). Furthermore, the Government ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) on April 8, 2020, and established the National Committee on Trade Facilitation in 2016 to ensure smooth coordination of trade facilitation issues. Despite these efforts and reforms undertaken, there is still a need for more awareness-raising and increased investment in trade-related issues. These issues are in hard and soft infrastructures such as roads, railways and ICT, equipping the OSBPs with necessary facilities such as scanners, testing laboratories, and smart gates as well as increasing border agency cooperation. Trade logistics and distribution centres are another important element of trade facilitation which needs to be looked at. Through this policy, the government will put in place enabling infrastructure and carry out necessary reforms to contribute to improving the “doing business” environment and enhancing efficiency and competitiveness through reduced trade costs and time. This will ultimately increase the contribution of trade to GDP growth and therefore improve the lives of the people. 28 Policy Objective: To enhance trade facilitation in order to reduce trading costs and time. Strategies: a) Strengthen sensitization programs on trade facilitation; b) Promote harmonization and simplification of trade facilitation procedures and practices; and c) Institutionalise trade facilitation practices. Targets: (i) Awareness programs and campaigns, undertaken by 2033; (ii) The capacity of Border Agencies strengthened by 2033; (iii) Procedures and practices for export, import and transit trade simplified and harmonised by 2026; (iv) Joint efforts on trans-regional infrastructure facilitated by 2033; (v) Logistic Centers with fast lanes facilities in strategic areas developed by 2029; (vi) Electronic Single Window fully operationalised by 2028; (vii) National Committee on Trade Facilitation enhanced by 2033; and (viii) Establishment and strengthening of one-stop border post enhanced by 2033.

4.9 Development of E-Commerce Digital technologies are affecting the composition of trade by increasing service components, fostering trade in certain goods such as time-sensitive products, changing patterns of comparative advantage and affecting the complexity and length of global value chains. Digitization of trade uses online services for business transactions, which include e-payments and e-currencies (assets) that are primarily managed, stored or exchanged on digital computer systems. In capturing the interplay of digitization, trade diversification, industrialization and e-commerce for boosting trade and inclusion, digitization reduces transactions cost with respect to information and trade through expanding the information base and improving connectivity, opening up new markets and improving trade facilitation, mostly through automation and adoption of digitally enabled platforms. 29 E-commerce is growing fast globally; it accounts for more than 70per cent of all trade in developed countries and less than 5per cent in developing countries. This fact demonstrates that e-commerce has great potential for trade. Tanzania Government has undertaken several efforts in fostering E-commerce, which includes putting in place legal frameworks for E-commerce such as the Electronic Transaction Act (2015), Cyber Crime Act (2015) and the ongoing process of developing the Personal Data Protection Act, which is very important in E-commerce due to high concerns of data protection. The Government has also embarked on a Comprehensive National Addressing and Postcode System project that includes, among others, street names and identification of buildings and houses. This will facilitate easier tracing of customer locations, thus simplifying the delivery process. Additionally, payments have been further streamlined through the Government Electronic Payment Gateway (GePG) and the widespread use of mobile money across the country. In 2019, the Government in collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) undertook an E-commerce assessment to determine the national readiness (strengths and challenges) in doing trade electronically. The report identified areas where the country is performing well and areas where more effort is needed to benefit more from E-commerce. E-commerce for the United Republic of Tanzania will assist traders, mostly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to maximise their participation and gains from National and cross-border businesses and thus improve consumers` welfare, among other benefits. However, the main challenges have been the low level of utilising digital technologies, inadequate infrastructures and low level of understanding of the whole concept of E-commerce and digital platforms for improving competitiveness, boosting trade and monitoring trade performance. Policy Objective: To strengthen E-commerce infrastructures and utilisation of digital technologies 30 Strategies: a) Facilitate the private sector in improving E-commerce; b) Enhance E-commerce legal and regulatory framework; c) Promote development and strengthen E-commerce infrastructure; d) Technological advancement mainstreamed in trade; and e) Create awareness of E-commerce. Targets: (i) National E-commerce Strategy developed by 2027; (ii) Private sector involvement in improving E-commerce facilitated by 2025; (iii) E-commerce platforms developed and enhanced by 2026; (iv) Stakeholders’ sensitization programs on E-commerce facilitated and conducted by 2026; (v) E-commerce enabling infrastructure and online services enhanced by 2031; (vi) E-commerce skills developed and facilitated by 2033: (vii) Legal and regulatory framework related to E-commerce enacted, reviewed and implemented by 2033; (viii) Application of technology in trade promoted by 2033; and (ix) E-commerce awareness programs and campaigns, undertaken by 2033.

4.10 Trade Financing Accessibility to trade financing is crucial in facilitating both domestic and international trade. For Tanzania to tap potential markets presented by trade agreements, suitable and affordable financial products have to be designed and customized for local players in international trade. The architecture of the financial system in Tanzania has evolved rapidly in recent years with specialized financial institutions and instruments that have, to a large extent, facilitated trade financing. However, exporters continue to face challenges related to accessing loans and export trade financing. The risk assessment among the majority of commercial banks and insurance companies remains low regarding discounting letters of credit, insistence on immovable collateral, or demanding significant initial payments (deposits) and compensation. However, these facilities often incur high costs such 31 as interest rates, processing fees, and insurance premiums, which can significantly impact trade, particularly for startups. To this end, efforts in sensitizing and promoting Commercial Banks and Insurance Companies to facilitate trade and establishment of export credit schemes and other products to facilitate trade are of paramount importance. Policy Objective: To improve access to trade financing. Strategies: a) Improve financing laws and regulations for tailored and affordable facilities for trade financing; b) Promote financial institutions engagement in improving risk landscape; c) Engagement of the private sector in the development of suitable financing mechanisms; d) Promote the establishment and enhancement of trade financial facilities; e) Facilitate the establishment and strengthening of the Aid for Trade system; f) Develop awareness creation programmes on the access to financial services for trade financing; g) Promote the enhancement of export financing schemes and h) Enhance utilisation of business insurance services. Targets: (i) Legal and regulatory framework for trade financing coordination enhanced by 2033; (ii) Risk profile improvement achieved by 2033; (iii) Financial products on trade developed and promoted by 2028; (iv) Sensitisation programs for financial products developed and implemented by 2033; (v) Export credit schemes facilitated by 2033; (vi) Aids for Trade management developed and implemented by 2033; (vii) Mapping of financial products conducted and linked with trade by 2028; 32 (viii) Affordable credit to traders and distributors by financial institutions promoted by 2033; (ix) Trade finance programs developed and implemented by 2033; (x) Export financing schemes established and strengthened by 2033; (xi) Private sector participation in trade financing enhanced by 2025; and (xii) Public-private consultative dialogue for suitable trade financing mechanisms established by 2025.

4.11 Private Sector Engagement and Inclusiveness in Trade The Private Sector is a key stakeholder in economic development in the world, being a major contributor to national income and the principal job creator and employer. The Private Sector provides around 60per cent of employment in the developing world (including formal and informal jobs), delivers critical goods and services and contributes to tax revenues and the efficient flow of capital. The Private Sector in Tanzania includes domestic actors (MSMEs and Large Enterprises) and foreign actors such as foreign direct investors. Due to its pivotal role in fostering economic growth and development, coupled with the reforms it has undertaken, the Government of Tanzania declared in 1986 that the Private Sector is the engine of economic development. With respect to the implementation of the National Trade Policy, the Private Sector has been designated as the implementer and the Government as a facilitator. Tanzania has been taking measures to improve the business environment for the private sector including formulation and implementation of Business Environment Strengthening for Tanzania (BEST); Roadmap for Improving Business Climate in Tanzania 2009; Big Results Now 2014 and Blueprint for Regulatory Reforms to Improve the Business Environment for Tanzania formulated in 2018. However, in reality, the existence of constraining factors to Private Sector vibrancy continues to hold back effective participation of the Private Sector in trade development. Such constraints and challenges include the capacity of the private sector, Legal and Regulatory framework and access to trade finance, inadequate competitiveness, limited diversification and reliance on 33 few commodities, and weak application of Information Communication Technology. The existing Public-Private Dialogue Structure does not provide enough platforms to discuss all pertinent details regarding trade expansion and competitiveness. All these need a redress by the Government. Policy Objective: To strengthen Private Sector engagement and inclusiveness in trade development. Strategies: a) Enhance engagement of the private sector in trade; b) Establish a mechanism for informal trade formalisation; c) Enhance private sector coordination; d) Promote private sector competitiveness; and e) Develop mechanisms for diaspora participation in trade. Targets: (i) Private sector participation in trade enhanced by 2025; (ii) Private sector profiling strengthened by 2025; (iii) The capacity of the private sector on trade and trade-related issues strengthened by 2033; (iv) Guideline for the formalisation of business developed by 2026; (v) Public - Private consultative dialogue enhanced by 2033; (vi) Coordination mechanism for diaspora engagement in trade established by 2033; (vii) Enterprise’s capacity building enhanced by 2033; (viii) Procurement of locally produced goods and services promoted by 2033; and (ix) Involvement of the private sector in trade negotiations promoted by 2023.

4.12 Cross-Cutting Issues

4.12.1 Environment Environmental issues continue to be an important factor in global trade as they have a direct bearing on the environment where trade operates. Environmental consideration was raised in the previous policy as an issue of 34 concern to the sector due to its crucial importance in supporting sustainable trade development. Several initiatives have been undertaken by the Government to improve environmental issues including the enactment of the National Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004) that provided the legal and institutional framework for sustainable management of the environment and the National Climate Change Response Strategy (2021-2026). Despite these initiatives, the sector still faces challenges, especially in compliance with adherence to regulatory requirements, health-related costs and inspection-related costs. Nevertheless, there have been other emerging challenges in the environmental issues such as climate change and an increase in the volume of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) that were not given attention in the National Trade Policy of 2003. The main challenges for the Government are to ensure compliance with domestic and international trade-related environmental laws and regulations in addition to increasing stakeholders’ awareness. Policy Objective: To minimize negative environmental and climate change effects arising from trade and trade-related activities. Strategies: a) Ensure the business community adhere to the principles and laws of environmental management; and b) Deploy defensive mechanisms to minimise or eliminate adverse impacts of trade-induced climate change. Targets: (i) Sensitisation programmes on environmental management in trade issues conducted by 2033; (ii) Good practices on environmental management in trade-related activities promoted by 2033; and (iii) Climate change control initiatives mainstreamed in trade practices by 2028. 35

4.12.2 HIV / AIDS, HIV/AIDS disease is a major health problem as well as a serious impediment to socio-economic development through its impact on the reduction of the active labour force, in particular the human capital that underpins economic transformation, higher productivity and competitiveness. Trade involves the movement of people from one locality to another such as in transit trade. Such movements have been pointed out to be one of the causes of increased HIV transmission. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has far reached impact on business activities. It is therefore imperative to proactively carry out continuous HIV/AIDS, disease advocacy and awareness. HIV/AIDS affects the workforce and the lives of the citizens including traders. While HIV/AIDS continues to claim the lives of the productive members of our community, reducing the working time and energy of people, the trade sector has not been spared. Thus, dedicated efforts to combat these diseases should be undertaken and it should involve all stakeholders. The main challenges faced by the community, including the business community, include limited awareness and initiatives in combating HIV/AIDS. Policy Objective: To minimize trade-induced HIV/AIDS transmissions to lessen adverse effects of the disease on trade development. Strategies: a) Mainstreaming of HIV/AIDs disease control mechanisms in trade; and b) Facilitate sensitization programs on HIV/AIDS. Targets: (i) Sensitization programmes on HIV/AIDS prevention undertaken by 2033; and (ii) Prevention measures on HIV/AIDS in trade practices promoted by 2033.

4.12.3 Pandemic Diseases Pandemic diseases are a major development hurdle that affects the trade sector by hindering the movement of people and resources in spheres of doing business across localities and jurisdictions, affecting productive labour, 36 creating a scarcity of resources, shuttering value chains and hence impeding trade and economic development. In response to the effects of pandemics on trade, the Government has implemented measures to contain their impact. These measures include creating special response units for outbreaks, developing coping strategies to contain economic shocks, establishing surveillance centres, and developing response protocols. Despite the above measures, more efforts for awareness creation and sensitization campaigns, increasing countrywide testing centres, development and easiness of availability of safety guidelines, effective limitation on movements of people, establishment of response fund and incentivizing the business community on their operations are needed to minimally contain the impact of pandemics on trade. Policy Objective: To enhance resilient measures against the impact of pandemic diseases on trade. Strategy: a) Developing a framework for guidance on reducing the impact of pandemic diseases on trade; b) Facilitate awareness creation and prevention measures on pandemic diseases among traders and other stakeholders; and c) Ensure the existence of a resilience system for minimising pandemic diseases. Target: (i) Framework for guidance on pandemic disease interventions developed by 2033; (ii) Awareness program on pandemic diseases conducted by 2033; and (iii) Resilience systems for minimizing pandemic diseases improved by 2033.

4.12.4 Good Governance In its totality, good governance reflects peace, stability, observance of human rights, and the rule of law that promotes democracy, effectiveness, 37 accountability, predictability, transparency, inclusiveness and incorruptibility at all levels in both institutional and individual conduct. Governance dimensions are multiple and cover a wide range of attributes. Domestically, these relate to national peace, security, absence of corruption, good labour relations such as decent jobs and elimination of child labour which is commonly practised in the services sector such as trade and promotion of dialogue to minimize conflicts. Peace in settlements at borders with other countries can be greatly enhanced if foreign policy promotes good relationships and coexistence with neighbouring countries. This will facilitate trade across borders by small-scale traders including informal sector operators. Tanzania has been implementing reforms to improve governance since the 1990s with great success in many key areas. This success, however, has not been able to eradicate all elements such as corruption practices. Policy Objective: To ensure adherence to principles of good governance in trade. Strategy: a) Sustain good governance to support trade development; and b) Facilitate sensitisation programmes on principles of good governance in trade and trade-related activities. Target: (i) Awareness of good governance in the trade sector created by 2033; and (ii) Good governance practices compliance on trade, monitored and sustained by 2033.

4.12.5 Gender The growth of trade cannot be fully realised without the effective participation of men and women. Effective participation of men and women in trade will both improve their livelihood conditions. The Government has been promoting various interventions that focus on women’s empowerment. These interventions have included, among others, special financial windows and women’s economic empowerment forums at the regional level. At the Local Government Authorities level, about 4 per cent of Local Government internal 38 revenue is designated for the empowerment of women, these have a potential positive impact on the participation of women in trade. Despite the efforts made, there still exist gender imbalances specifically low levels of active women participation in trade due to among others inequitable access to resources, cultural practices and beliefs. Other challenges include inadequate skills, access to information, market and support in safeguarding their trade activities. Policy Objective: To ensure equitable gender participation in trade. Strategies: a) Ensure engagement of women in better rewarding opportunities in trade; and b) Ensure mainstreaming of gender in trade undertakings. Targets: (i) Women sensitised on trade opportunities by 2033; (ii) Factors inhibiting women’s effective participation in trade identified and addressed by 2028; and (iii) Participation of women in trade fairs and exhibitions facilitated by 2033.

4.12.6 Youth in trade The youth group constitutes the majority of the population in the country. The growth of trade cannot be fully realised without mainstreaming the effective participation of youth in all aspects of trade. In contrast, youth are more constrained by specific challenges and limitations in their quest to access key resources to enable them to participate fully in all aspects of trade. The Government has been promoting various interventions that focus on youth empowerment. Such interventions include among others, the Building Better Tomorrow program-Youth Initiative (BBT), the Apprenticeship Youth program by the Prime Minister Office, Education Policy 2014 (edition 2023), Zanzibar Youth Policy, the introduction of entrepreneurship programs on University education syllabus and special financial windows (4 per cent of 39 Local Government internal revenue is designated for youth and Khalifa Fund (Zanzibar) these have a potentially positive impact on the participation of youth in trade. Despite the efforts made, Youth still face challenges in participating in trade. Those challenges among others include limited access to finance, inadequate skills and access to market information. Policy Objective: To achieve effective youth participation in trade activities. Strategies: a) Engage stakeholders to ensure effective participation of youth in trade activities; b) Ensure inclusion of youth issues in trade development plans and implementations; and c) Empower youth with effective participation in trade activities. Targets: a) Engagement of stakeholders and effective participation of youth in trade activities achieved by 2033; b) Inclusion of youth in trade development plans and implementations by 2033; c) Access to affordable and suitable finance ensured by 2026; d) Youth access to market information ensured by 2025; and e) Availability of relevant programs to instil trade skills ensured by 2026. 40 CHAPTER FIVE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

5.1 Required Financial Resources The total amount required to facilitate the implementation of this National Trade Policy 2023 strategy is 25,296,000,000 shillings which will be contributed by the Government in collaboration with the private sector and Development Partners or non-state actors.

5.2 Implementation Time Frame The implementation of this strategy spans a ten-year period from 2023 to 2033. Further details can be found in the Log Frame Matrix and Chapter 5, which outlines the implementation framework.

5.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Trade Stakeholders The line of responsibilities emphasized the clear allocation of roles among various stakeholders at all stages, from policy formulation and implementation to monitoring and evaluation.

5.4 Ministry Responsible for Trade The Ministry Responsible for Trade is the chief adviser in the formulation and implementation of Tanzania’s trade policy. The Ministry also serves as the overall coordinator for implementation and acts as the President’s principal agent in articulating Tanzania’s trade policy to Parliament, the public, and bilateral and multilateral trade partners. Furthermore, the Ministry 41 responsible for trade will undertake the coordination of stakeholders at the national level. In ensuring the effective implementation of this Policy, the Government will establish the National Trade Committee as an advisory body whose functions are to guide overall trade policy implementation, provide an effective mechanism for intragovernmental policy coordination of cross-cutting trade issues and the creation of awareness on global business trends for building capacity and competitiveness. Membership shall be drawn from government ministries and institutions responsible for trade and trade- related matters, private sector and civil societies.

5.5 Other Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) Other MDAs are co-implementers of the National Trade Policy. They are expected to mainstream trade issues in their respective Strategic Plans. Respective MDAs should develop more detailed plans that will ensure coherence between their sector objectives and trade policy objectives. The Ministry responsible for Finance is tasked to allocate adequate funds for MDAs to enable them to execute programmes of trade development effectively and efficiently. The Ministry responsible for Constitutional Affairs is expected to facilitate the formulation of trade-related legislation and expedite the conclusion of trade-related disputes. The Ministry responsible for Home Affairs is expected to ensure that law and order are enforced in the country for smooth conduct of trade, the Ministry responsible for Agriculture is expected to ensure the production of qualitative and compliant crops, the Ministry responsible for Animal Products is expected to ensure the production of compliant animal produce, the Ministry responsible for works is expected to ensure smooth infrastructure networks, the Ministry responsible for Communication and Information Technology is expected to ensure the existence of reliable ICT networks and infrastructures to facilitate trade.

5.6 Local Government Authorities (LGAs) LGAs are the in situ institutions where trade activities and local businesses take place. LGAs are expected to ensure an enabling environment and prioritization of trade activities according to location-specific priorities. Their roles span a wide horizon to include the issuance of permits; designation of 42 trading premises; linking with markets within the country and outside and promoting trade-related investments.

5.7 National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives These are the two supreme law-making institutions in the United Republic of Tanzania. They play a critical role in national trade policy implementation, through legislative, budgetary and oversight functions. They have the constitutional role of ratifying international trade agreements and assent domestication of international trade agreements. They are also responsible for making legislation and allocating resources for policy implementation. Moreover, they provide an oversight role through the Standing Committee responsible for trade.

5.8 The Judiciary The Judiciary plays a critical role in the policy formulation and implementation process. The Judiciary interprets international treaties, contracts and conventions that have a bearing on the national trade policy.

5.9 Private Sector As implementers of the National Trade Policy, the Private Sector is expected to play a greater role in trading in terms of production and exchange of goods and services.

5.10 Academic and Research Institutions Providing research, consultancy and training on trade and trade-related matters essential in informing decision-making and policy formulation.

5.11 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) The main roles expected to be played by NGOs and CSOs are that of advocacy and facilitation. With respect to advocacy, the roles center around policy dissemination and raising awareness of the National Trade Policy. This group of stakeholders is also expected to support initiatives for trade development and link actors in both domestic and export markets; facilitate access to critical financial support, especially to small firms; and capacitate traders in Business Development Services (BDS) to mention a few. 43

5.12 Development Partners The role expected to be played by Development Partners is that of providing support to the trade policy process (formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and review).

5.13 Media The role of media is publicity and advocacy – policy dissemination and awareness creation on initiatives for trade development; market development; and domestic as well as export market linkages.

5.14 Diaspora Given their international connections, this group of stakeholders is tasked to explore external trade opportunities in their countries of domicile and engage in actual trade (including investments in trade-related sectors in Tanzania).

5.15 Individuals Individuals are the main agents that both cause trade and consume traded goods and services. This group of stakeholders is expected to undertake actual trading and consume the traded merchandise and services. 44 LOG FRAME FOR IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL TRADE POLICY 2023 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 1 To improve Establish a National National Trade 700 2023 PMO, MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, Policy coher- Trade Act mandate Act, enacted and 2024 MoLF, MNRT, MoHA, Mo- ence, Legal for the Ministry operationalised FAEAC, Private Sector, NGOs and Regula- responsible which and other trade-related MDAs tory Frame- shall give sole work and responsibility Institutional to the Minister coordina- responsible for tion. trade to supervise all trade matters across other sectors; Promote • Trade Policy 120 2023 - PMO, MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, mainstreaming and Trade 2033 MoLF, MNRT, MPI, MoHA, of trade issues in Related Policies MoFAEAC, Private Sector, other trade-related harmonised NGOs and other trade-related policies and plans MDAs • Effective at LGAs, Regional engagement and National levels in the development of trade- related policies 45 attained 46 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Establish National Trade 100 2023 PMO, MPI, MIT, MTID, mechanisms to Committee -2033 MoA, MoF, MoLF, MNRT, ensure effective established and MoHA, MoFAEAC, MoCLA, participation in facilitated Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs legal and regulatory reforms related to Legal and 20 2023 PMO, MIT, MTID, MoA, regulatory -2033 MoF, MoLF, MNRT, MoHA, trade framework MoFAEAC, MoCLA, Private coordination Sector, NGOs and other trade- enhanced related MDAs Enhance Complementarity 300 2023 PMO, MIT, MTID, MoA, coordination in policy -2033 MoF, MoLF, MNRT, MoHA, among trade- development and MoFAEAC, MoCLA, Private related MDAs. implementation Sector, NGOs and other trade- promoted. related MDAs Institutional 100 2023 PMO, MIT, MTID, MoA, coordination on -2033 MoF, MoLF, MNRT, MoHA, trade and trade- MoFAEAC, MoCLA, Private related issues Sector, NGOs and other trade- enhanced related MDAs Legal and 500 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, regulatory 2033 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, framework SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private Sec- coordination tor, NGOs and other trade- enhanced related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 2 To enhance Strengthen product Value-added 10 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, Domestic value addition and products trade 2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, Trade Devel- supply chain increased TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, TBS, opment ZBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs The supply 60 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, chain of goods 2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, and services TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, ZBS, strengthened TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Strengthen Cooperatives 10 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, cooperatives and and associations’ 2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, associations operation along TMX, SIDO, TBS, Private the value chain Sector, NGOs and other trade- promoted related MDAs Domestic trade 700 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, framework 2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, formulated and TMX, SIDO, TBS, Private operationalised Sector, NGOs Promote Productivity and 20 2023 MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, product cluster diversification -2028 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, development of products TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, ZBS, improved TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and 47 other trade-related MDAs 48 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Production 1,000 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, clusters and 2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, industrial parks, TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, ZBS, established and TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and operationalised. other trade-related MDAs Product 30 2023 MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, diagnostic study –2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, enhanced. TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Promote branding Product standard 10 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, of Tanzanian and certification 2033 MoF, MPI, MoLF, MoHA, products mechanisms TanTrade, TMX, SIDO, enhanced SMIDA, ZBS, TBS, BRELA, BLRC, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Branding and 14 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCLA, promotion 2033 MoA, MoF, MoLF, MoHA, of domestic TanTrade, TMX, SIDO, products executed SMIDA, ZBS, TBS, BLRC, BRELA, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Product 400 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCLA, branding system 2033 MoA, MoF, MoLF, MoHA, established. TanTrade, TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, ZBS, TBS, BLRC, BRELA, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Trading of quality 11 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoCLA, MoA, and standards 2033 MoF, MoLF, MoHA, TanTrade, of goods TMX, SIDO, SMIDA, ZBS, and services TBS, BRELA, BLRC, Private enhanced. Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs 49 50 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Enhance the IPRs coordinating 800 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoICAS, MoEST, development and system 2028 MoTNR, MoA, COSOTA, harnessing of IPRs. established. BLRC, BRELA, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Framework for 60 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoICAS, MoEST, harnessing IPRs 2033 MoTNR, MoA, COSOTA, flexibilities in BRELA, BLRC, Private Sector, bilateral, regional NGOs and other trade-related and multilateral MDAs agreements developed. Emphasize the Trade for goods 10 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, utilisation of local and services 2033 MoF, MoLF, TanTrade, SIDO, resources in the produced locally SMIDA, ZBS, TBS, Private production of enhanced. Sector, NGOs and other trade- goods and services related MDAs in trade No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Post-harvest 24 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, handling 2033 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, and quality SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private management Sector, NGOs and other trade- facilities improved. related MDAs Ensure domestic Continuous 10 2023- MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, trade laws and effective 2033 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, regulations are engagement in SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private coherent and developing trade- Sector, NGOs and other trade- coordinated; related laws and related MDAs regulations by 2033; Enhance trade Trade-related 4,500 2023- MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, related Research Research and 2028 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, and Development Development SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private enhanced Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs 51 52 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Enhance Guideline for 10 2023- MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, engagement of formalisation 2026 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, the private sector of business SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private in domestic developed Sector, NGOs and other trade- trade through related MDAs formalisation, enhancing competitiveness, and encouraging Capacity building, 10 2023- MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, diaspora information and 2033 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, participation best practice SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private sharing among Sector, NGOs and other trade- the private sector related MDAs strengthened Coordination 10 2023- MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, mechanism 2033 MoLF, TanTrade, SMIDA, for diaspora SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private engagement in Sector, NGOs and other trade- trade established related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 3 To strength- Enhancing the The capacity of 50 2023 - MoA, MoM, MIT, MTID, en trade in- competitiveness of the private sector 2033 MoF, MoLF MoLF, TanTrade, tegration and the private sector to participate TMX, SMIDA, SIDO, ZBS, utilization in international in international TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and of foreign trade trade other trade-related MDAs market op- strengthened by portunities 2033 International 50 2023- MoA, MoM, MIT, MTID, consultative 2033 MoF, MoLF MoLF, TanTrade, dialogue in trade TMX, SMIDA, SIDO, ZBS, enhanced by 2033 TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Promote the Value addition of 10 2023- MoA, MPI, MoM, MIT, Export of Value- exported products 2033 MTID, MoF, MoLF MoLF, added Products. promoted. TanTrade, TMX, SMIDA, SIDO, ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs Export Promotion 400 2023- MoA, MPI, MoM, MIT, Strategy 2024 MTID, MoF, MoLF TanTrade, developed and TMX, SMIDA, SIDO, ZBS, implemented. TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs 53 54 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Establish Capacity on trade 50 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, mechanisms to negotiation skills 2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, facilitate effective enhanced. TanTrade, AG, SIDO, SMIDA, participation in ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, Private bilateral, regional Sector, NGOs and other trade- and multilateral related MDAss trade negotiations Private sector 70 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, participation in 2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, trade negotiations TanTrade, AG, SMIDA, SIDO, enhanced. ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs A national 500 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, negotiation team 2027 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, established and TanTrade, AG, SMIDA, SIDO, facilitated. ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs Promote utilisation National 20 2025 MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, of opportunities trade needs MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, emanating from and priorities TanTrade, AG, SMIDA, SIDO, bilateral, regional identified. ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, Private and multilateral Sector, NGOs and other trade- trade. related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Bilateral, 40 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, regional and 2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, multilateral trade TanTrade, AG, SMIDA, SIDO, opportunities ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, Private utilised. Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs The national 20 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, mechanism for 2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, monitoring and TanTrade, AG, SMIDA, SIDO, elimination ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, Private of NTBs Sector, NGOs and other trade- strengthened. related MDAs Enhance Bilateral trade 60 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, compliance with agreements with 2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, bilateral, regional strategic partners TanTrade, AG, ZRB, TRA, and multilateral developed or ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, trade commitments reviewed NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Bilateral, Regional 40 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, and Multilateral 2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, trade agreements TanTrade, AG, ZRB, TRA, domesticated. ZRB, TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related 55 MDAs 56 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Establish and Market 300 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, MoLF, strengthen market intelligence units 2028 MoCLA, MoFAEAC, TanTrade, intelligence units established and AG, ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, across value chains implemented Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs 4 To strengthen Enhance mitigation Mitigation and 40 2023 MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, and develop measures to adaptation -2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, economic address global measures to TanTrade, AG, ZRB, TRA, resilient mea- trade shocks, address global ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, sures against tension and the impacts of trade shocks NGOs and other trade-related disputes enhanced MDAs trade shocks, tensions and disputes. Develop and Technical 40 2023 MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, MoLF, strengthen response unit -2027 MoCLA, MoFAEAC, TanTrade, technical response developed and AG, ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, units to tackle trade strengthened Private Sector, NGOs and other flow disruptions trade-related MDAs Engage relevant Mechanism for 40 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, actors and forge engaging relevant -2033 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, partnerships with actors and private TanTrade, AG, ZRB, TRA, ZBS, the private sector for sector partner- TBS, Private Sector, NGOs and shared responses to ships established other trade-related MDAs trade shocks. No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Create response Response 40 2023- MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, MoLF, procedures that procedures that 2026 MoCLA, MoFAEAC, TanTrade, collaborate efforts collaborate efforts AG, ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, at all government at all government Private Sector, NGOs and other levels levels, created. trade-related MDAs Develop a national National 40 2023 MIT, MTID, MoA, MoF, MoLF, framework for framework for -2027 MoCLA, MoFAEAC, TanTrade, governing trade governing global AG, ZRB, TRA, ZBS, TBS, shocks trade shocks Private Sector, NGOs and other developed trade-related MDAs 5 To strength- Enhance Private sector 50 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoF, en Marketing engagement of the participation 2025 MoLF, MoCLA, MoFAEAC, infrastruc- private sector in in marketing TanTrade, AG, ZRB, TRA, tures. the development infrastructure ZBS, TBS, Private Sector, of marketing development NGOs and other trade-related infrastructures enhanced MDAs Develop and Product 250 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoWT, improve strategic distribution 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, marketing channels MoFAEAC, ZRB, TRA, Private infrastructures established and Sector, NGOs and other trade- improved related MDAs 57 58 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Warehouse receipt 20 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoWT, systems improved 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, MoFAEAC, ZRB, TRA, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs Trade hubs 700 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoWT, established 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, MoFAEAC, ZRB, TRA, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs Strategic markets 1,000 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoWT, constructed and 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, rehabilitated MoFAEAC, ZRB, TRA, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Strengthen Mechanism for 1,000 2023 - MIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, trade data and collection and 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private information dissemination of Sector, NGOs and other trade- systems trade information related MDAs established Marketing 10 2023 - MIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, Systems utilization 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private awareness Sector, NGOs and other trade- undertaken related MDAs Marketing 30 2023 - MIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, Information 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private Systems Sector, NGOs and other trade- Strengthened related MDAs Trade Informa- 350 2023 - MIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, tion Modules 2033 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private consistently up- Sector, NGOs and other trade- dated. related MDAs 59 60 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 6. To Facilitate fair trade National Con- 50 2023- MIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, strengthen and consumer sumer Advocacy 2026; MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private Fair Trade protection Council exercis- Sector, NGOs and other trade- Practices and ing its mandate related MDAs consumer effectively protection Fair competition 50 2023- MIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, Laws and 2025 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private Regulations Sector, NGOs and other trade- revised related MDAs Promote private Mechanism to 50 2023- MIIT, MTID, eGA, MoCIT, sector practices identify and reward 2025 MoA, PO-RALG, MoF, Private to adhere to fair good practices on Sector, NGOs and other trade- competition fair competition related MDAs and consumer and consumer pro- protection tection developed Enhance Institutions in- 31 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, PO-RALG, enforcement of volved in enforcing 2033 FCC, ZFCC, FCT, Private fair-trade practices fair trading prac- Sector, NGOs and other trade- tices enhanced related MDAs Trade Remedies 200 2023 - MIT, MTID, FCC, ZFCC, Act enacted and 2024 FCT, AG. MFAEAC, Private operationalised Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Merchandise 500 2023 - MIT, MTID, FCC, ZFCC, Marks Act, 1963 2025 FCT, AG and Private Sector, reviewed NGOs and other trade-related MDAs operationalised Stakeholders’ 300 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, sensitization on 2025 MoEST, FCC, ZFCC, Media, fair trade Private Sector, NGOs and practices other trade-related MDAs and consumer protection conducted. Institutions 40 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, FCC, FCT involved in 2028 AG and Private Sector, NGOs consumer and other trade-related MDAs protection practices enhanced 61 62 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 7 To improve Harmonise Trade in Service- 10 2023- MIT, MTID, FCC, FCT AG the perfor- Trade in Service related laws 2033 and Private Sector, NGOs and mance of related laws and and regulations other trade-related MDAs Trade in Ser- regulations harmonised vices. Enhance Engagement of 10 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, FCC, FCT participation of the private sector 2025 AG and Private Sector, NGOs the private sector in improving and other trade-related MDAs in improving Trade in Service Trade in Service practised environment Ensure the Mechanism 30 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoH, establishment of to administer 2028 MoF, MoWT, MoHA, MoEST, a mechanism to Trade in Services MoE, Private Sector, NGOs administer Trade in developed and and other trade-related MDAs Service operationalised Trade in Services 700 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoH, data management 2025 MoF, MoWT, MoHA, MoEST, system MoE, Private Sector, NGOs established and and other trade-related MDAs operationalised. No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Mapping of 800 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoH, Trade in Services 2027 MoF, MoWT, MoHA, MoEST, Conducted. MoE, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Enhance Legal and 300 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoH, MoF, reforms and regulatory 2032 MoWT, MoHA, MoEST, MoE, implementation framework for Private Sector, NGOs and of Trade Services Trade in Services other trade-related MDAs regulations reviewed Create awareness Investment and 10 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, MoH, programmes on diversification of 2032 MoF, MoWT, MoHA, MoEST, Trade in Service Trade in services MoE, Private Sector, NGOs promoted and other trade-related MDAs Bilateral, Regional 10 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoH, MoF, and Multilateral 2033 MoWT, MoHA, MoEST, MoE, Trade in Services Private Sector, NGOs and commitments other trade-related MDAs domesticated. 63 64 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 8 To enhance Strengthen Awareness 100 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, trade sensitization programmes 2033 MoFAEAC, MoH, MoWT, facilitation programmes on and campaigns, MoF, MoHA, MoEST, MoE, in order trade facilitation. undertaken TanTrade, ZPC, TPA, TASAC, LATRA, ZBS, TBS, GCLA, to reduce TAEC, Private Sector, NGOs trading costs and other trade-related MDAs and time. The capacity of 100 2023 - MIT, MTID, MoA, MoFAEAC, border agencies 2033 MoH, MoWT, MoF, MoHA, strengthened MoEST, MoE, TanTrade, ZPC, TPA, TASAC, LATRA, ZBS, TBS, GCLA, TAEC, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs Promote Procedures and 23 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, harmonization and practices for 2033 MoFAEAC, MoH, MoWT, simplification of export, import MoF, MoHA, MoEST, MoE, trade facilitation and transit trade TanTrade, ZPC, TPA, TASAC, LATRA, ZBS, TBS, GCLA, procedures and simplified and TAEC, Private Sector, NGOs practices. harmonized and other trade-related MDAs Joint efforts on 40 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoFAEAC, trans-regional 2033 MoWT, MoF, ZPC, TPA, TAN- infrastructure ROADS, Private Sector, NGOs facilitated and other trade-related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Electronic Single 200 2023 - PMO, MPI, MIT, MTID, Window fully 2028 MoWT, MoF, ZPC, TPA, operationalised ZIPA, TIC, ZRB, TRA, TASAC, and other MDAs, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Establishment 1,000 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoA, and strengthen 2033 MoFAEAC, MoH, MoWT, one-stop border MoF, MoHA, MoEST, MoE, post enhanced. TanTrade, ZPC, TPA, TASAC, LATRA, ZBS, TBS, GCLA, TAEC, Private Sector, NGOs and other trade-related MDAs Logistic Centres 1,000 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoWT, with fast lane 2029 MoF, TPA, TANROADS, facilities in TRC, TAZARA, ZRB, TRA, strategic areas TASAC, TAFFA, Private developed Sector, NGOs and other trade- related MDAs Institutionalise National 500 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoF, trade facilitation Committee on 2033 Private Sector, NGOs and practices Trade Facilitation other trade-related MDAs enhanced. 65 66 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 9 To strength- Facilitate the Private sector 200 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, FCC, FCT en E-com- private sector involvement 2025 AG and Private Sector, NGOs merce infra- in improving in improving and other trade-related MDAs structures E-commerce E- e-commerce and utiliza- facilitated tion of digital technologies. Enhance National 300 2023 - MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCIT, E-commerce legal E-commerce 2027 MoA, MoF, TCRA, BoT, ZRB, and regulatory Strategy TRA, Postal, eGA, Private framework developed Sector and other trade-related MDAs Legal and 200 2023- MoCIT, MPI, MoCLA, MIT, regulatory 2033 MTID, MoA, MoF, TCRA, framework related BoT, AG, ZRB, TRA, Postal, to E-commerce eGA, Private Sector and other trade enacted, trade-related MDAs reviewed and implemented. Promote the E-commerce 500 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCIT, development and enabling 2031 MoA, MoF, TCRA, BoT, ZRB, enhancement infrastructure and TRA, Postal, eGA, Private of E-commerce online services, Sector and other trade-related infrastructure enhanced. MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Technological Application of 40 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCIT, advancement technology in -2033 MoA, MoF, TCRA, BoT, ZRB, mainstreamed in trade promoted TRA, Postal, eGA, Private trade Sector and other trade-related MDAs Create awareness of E-commerce 70 2023 MoCIT, MPI, MoCLA, MIT, E-commerce trade trade platforms -2026 MTID, MoA, MoF, TCRA, developed and BoT, AG, ZRB, TRA, Postal, enhanced eGA Private Sector and other trade-related MDAs Stakeholders’ 500 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCIT, sensitization -2026 MoA, MoF, TCRA, BoT, ZRB, programmes TRA, Postal, eGA Private on e-commerce Sector and other trade-related facilitated and MDAs conducted. E-commerce 200 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCIT, trading skills -2033 MoA, MoF, TCRA, BoT, ZRB, developed and TRA, Postal, eGA, Private facilitated Sector and other trade-related MDAs 67 68 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame E-commerce 100 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, MoCIT, awareness -2033 MoA, MoF, TCRA, BoT, ZRB, programmes TRA, Postal, eGA, Private and campaigns Sector and other trade-related undertaken. MDAs 10 To improve Improve Legal and 100 2023- MIT, MTID, FCC, FCT AG access financing laws regulatory 2033 and Private Sector, NGOs and to trade and regulations framework for other trade-related MDAs financing for tailored and trade financing affordable facilities coordination for trade financing enhanced Promote financial Risk profile 100 2033. MIT, MTID, FCC, FCT AG institutions’ improvement and Private Sector, NGOs and engagement in achieved other trade-related MDAs improving the risk landscape Engagement of the Private sector 50 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, FCC, FCT private sector in participation in 2025 AG and Private Sector, NGOs the development of trade financing and other trade-related MDAs suitable financing enhanced mechanisms No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Public - Private 50 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, FCC, FCT consultative dia- 2025; AG and Private Sector, NGOs logue in suitable and other trade-related MDAs trade financing mechanisms es- tablished Promote the Financial 100 2023 MoF, MTID, MIT, BoT, establishment and products on trade -2028 Developing Partners, Private strengthening of developed and Sector and other trade-related trade financial promoted MDAs facilities Sensitization 100 2023 MoF, MPI, MTID, MIT, BoT, programmes for -2033 Developing Partners, Private financial products Sector and other trade-related developed and MDAs implemented Facilitate the Aids for trade 100 2023 MoF, MPI, MTID, MIT, BoT, establishment and management -2033 Developing Partners, Private strengthening of developed and Sector and other trade-related the Aid for Trade implemented. MDAs system Mapping of 200 2023 MoF, MPI, MTID, MIT, BoT, financial products -2028 Developing Partners, Private conducted and Sector and other trade-related 69 linked with trade. MDAs 70 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Affordable credits 30 2023 MoF, MTID, MIT, BoT, to traders and -2033 Developing Partners, Private distributors Sector and other trade-related by financial MDAs institutions promoted. Develop Sensitisation 40 2023 - MoF, MTID, MIT, BoT, awareness creation programs for 2033 Developing Partners, Private programmes on the financial products Sector and other trade-related access to financial developed and MDAs services for trade financing. implemented. Trade finance 50 2023 MoF, MTID, MIT, BoT, programs -2033 Developing Partners, Private developed and Sector and other trade-related implemented. MDAs Promote Export credit 30 2023 MoF, MTID, MIT, BoT, strengthening of schemes -2033 Developing Partners, Private export financing facilitated Sector and other trade-related schemes MDAs Enhance utilisation The utilisation 100 2023- BoT, Developing Partners, of business of business 2025 Private Sector and other trade- insurance services insurance services related MDAs enhanced No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 11 To strength- Enhance Private sector 70 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, PO- en Private engagement of the participation in -2025 RALGAs, PMO, ZIPA, TIC, Sector en- Private Sector in trade facilitated BLRC, BRELA, TanTrade, gagement trade Private Sector and other trade- and inclu- related MDAs siveness in trade devel- opment Public - Private 500 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, PO- consultative -2033 RALGAs, PMO, ZIPA, TIC, dialogue BLRC, BRELA, TanTrade, enhanced Private Sector and other trade- related MDAs The capacity 40 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, PO- of the private -2035 RALGAs, PMO, ZIPA, TIC, sector on trade BLRC, BRELA, TanTrade, and trade- Private Sector and other trade- related issues related MDAs strengthened. 71 72 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Establish a Private sector 40 2023 MIT, MPI, MTID, PO- mechanism for profiling -2025 RALGAs, PMO, ZIPA, TIC, informal trade strengthened BLRC, BRELA, ZRB, TRA, formalization TanTrade, Private Sector and Enhance other trade-related MDAs Private Sector Coordination Guideline for 150 2023- MIT, MPI, MTID, PO- formalisation 2026 RALGAs, PMO, ZIPA, TIC, of business BLRC, BRELA, ZRB, TRA, developed TanTrade, Private Sector and other trade-related MDAs Involvement 30 2023- MIT, MTID, PO-RALGAs, of the private 2033 MPI, PMO, MoF, ZIPA, TIC, sector in trade BRELA, BLRC, ZRB, TRA, negotiations TanTrade, Private Sector and promoted other trade-related MDAs Develop a Coordination 170 2023 MIT, MTID, PO-RALGAs, mechanism mechanism -2033 PMO, MoF, ZIPA, TIC, for diaspora for diaspora BRELA, BLRC, ZRB, TRA, participation in engagement in TanTrade, Private Sector and trade trade established. other trade-related MDAs No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Promote Enterprise’s 45 2023 MoFAEAC, MPI, MIT, MTID, private sector capacity building -2033 PO-RALGAs, PMO, MoF, competitiveness enhanced. ZIPA, TIC, BLRC, BRELA, TRA, ZRB, TanTrade, Private Sector and other trade-related MDAs Procurement 32 2023 MoFAEAC, MPI, MTID, MIT, of locally -2033 PO-RALGAs, PMO, MoF, produced goods ZIPA, TIC, BLRC, BRELA, and services TRA, ZRB, TanTrade, Private promoted. Sector and other trade-related MDAs 12 To minimise Ensure the business Sensitisation 200 2023 VPO, MTID, MIT, MoA, negative en- community adhere programs on -2033 PO-RALGAs, MNRT, MoW, vironmental to the principles environmental NEMC, Private Sector and and climate and laws of management other related MDAs change ef- environmental in trade issues fects arising management conducted from trade Good practices 25 2023 VPO, MTID, MIT, MoA, and trade- on environmental -2033 PO-RALGAs, MNRT, MoW, related ac- management NEMC, Private Sector and tivities in trade-related other related MDAs activities 73 promoted 74 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Deploy defensive Climate change 56 2023 VPO, MTID, MIT, MoA, mechanisms control initiatives -2028 PO-RALGAs, MNRT, MoW, to minimise or mainstreamed in NEMC, Private Sector, and eliminate adverse trade practices. other MDAs impacts of trade- induced climate change 13 To minimise Mainstreaming Prevention 20 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, TACAIDS trade-in- of HIV/AIDS, measures on -2033 and other MDAs duced HIV/ disease control HIV/AIDS, in AIDS trans- mechanisms in trade practices missions to trade. promoted lessen the adverse effect of the disease on trade de- velopment Facilitate Sensitisation 30 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, TACAIDS sensitisation programs on -2033 and other MDAs programs on HIV/ HIV/AIDS AIDS. prevention undertaken No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 14 To enhance Facilitate awareness Awareness 10 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, TACAIDS resilience creation and program on -2033 and other MDAs measures prevention pandemic diseases against the measures on conducted impact of pandemic diseases pandemic among traders and diseases on other stakeholders trade Ensure the Resilience systems 5 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, TACAIDS existence of a for minimising -2033 and other MDAs resilience system pandemic for minimising diseases improved pandemic diseases Developing Framework for 5 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, TACAIDS a framework guidance on -2033 and other MDAs for guidance pandemic diseases on reducing developed the impact of pandemic diseases on trade 75 76 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame 15 To ensure Sustain good Good governance 10 2023 PO-PSM, MTID, MIT and adherence governance to practices -2033 other MDAs to principles support trade compliance on of good development. trade monitored governance and sustained in trade. Facilitate Awareness of 24 2023 PO-PSM, MTID, MIT and sensitisation good governance -2033 other MDAs programmes on in the trade sector principles of good created governance in trade and trade- related activities 16 To ensure Ensure main- Women sensitised 70 2023 MoH, MIT, MTID, PO- equitable streaming of gen- on trade -2033 RALGAs, Private Sectors and gender par- der in trade-related opportunities other MDAs ticipation in undertakings trade No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Factors inhibiting 90 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, PO- women, effective -2028 RALGAs, Private Sectors and participation in other MDAs trade identified and addressed Ensure engage- Participation of 76 2023 MoH, MTID, MIT, PO- ment of women in women in trade -2033 RALGAs, Private Sectors and rewarding oppor- fairs and exhibi- other MDAs tunities in trade tions facilitated 17 To achieve Engage Engagement of 200 2023- MoH, MoF, PMO-LYED, effective stakeholders to stakeholders 2033 MTID, MIT, PO-RALGAs, youth par- ensure effective and effective Private Sectors and other ticipation in participation of participation of MDAs trade activi- youth in trade youth in trade ties activities; activities achieved Ensure inclusion Inclusion of 150 2023- MoH, MoF, PMO-LYED, of youth issues in youth in trade 2033 MTID, MIT, PO-RALGAs, trade development development Private Sectors and other plans and plans and MDAs implementations implementations Empower Access to 220 2023- MoH, MoF, PMO-LYED, youth effective affordable and 2026 MTID, MIT, PO-RALGAs, participation in suitable finance Private Sectors and other 77 trade activities ensured MDAs 78 No. Objective Strategies Targets Resources Time Responsible (Tsh Mil) Frame Youth access 310 2023- MoH, MoF, PMO-LYED, to market 2025 MTID, MIT, PO-RALGAs, information Private Sectors and other ensured MDAs Availability of 195 2023- MoH, MoF, PMO-LYED, relevant programs 2026 MTID, MIT, PO-RALGAs, to instil trade Private Sectors and other skills ensured by MDAs 2026 TOTAL 25,296

5.16 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) The primary objective of the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework is to track the implementation of the NTP 2023 Strategy. In so doing the system informs progress that, if need be leads to adjustment of measures especially in the implementation strategy and enables strategic repositioning of the instruments. The activities conducted in M&E include analysing identified issues, gathering data and information, processing, and reporting on progress. The objectives of M&E encompass assessing: i. Realism of targets; ii. Resource envelop-mobilization; adequacy; value for money; iii. Human resources capacity for implementation (quality and quantity); iv. Capacity of delivering institutions; v. Match between strategy and results; and vi. Challenges that lead to the risk of achieving objectives and targets. 79 ANNEXES

Annexe 1: Quarterly Physical Progress Report Format Reporting Department/Unit: Period - from: ________ to: _________ Department/Unit Planned Activity Achievement Remarks 80 Ministry of Industry and Trade Government City, Mtumba, Viwanda Street, P.O. Box 2996, 40478 Dodoma. www.viwanda.go.tz