Groundwater Pollution Control Standards

1 Groundwater Pollution Control Standards Six articles promulgated by EPA Order (90) Huan-Shu-Shui-Tzu No. 0073680 on November 21, 2001. Revisions to Article 4 promulgated by EPA Order Huan-Shu-Shui-Tzu No. 0980003647 on January 15, 2009. Revisions to Articles 1, 2, and 4 promulgated by EPA Order Huan-Shu-Tu-Tzu No. 1000010141 on February 10, 2011. Full text in seven articles promulgated by EPA Order Huan-Shu-Tu-Tzu No. 1020109478 on December 18, 2013. Article 1 These Standards are determined pursuant to Article 6, Paragraph 2 of the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act (herein referred to as this Act). Article 2 When the concentrations of substances in groundwater listed in these Standards are affected by local hydrological, geological, and environmental background factors, and it is determined that the control values of pollutants listed in these Standards are reached for reasons not attributable to external pollution, after obtaining the approval from the central competent authority, these Standards shall not be applicable. Article 3 Groundwater is classified into the following two categories: I. Category 1: Groundwater in drinking water source protection areas II. Category 2: Groundwater which is not of Category 1 Article 4 Pollution control items and standard values (concentration units: mg/L): Pollutant items Control Standards Remarks Category 1 Category 2 Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Benzene 0.0050 0.050 Toluene 1.0 10 Ethylbenzene 0.70 7.0 Xylenes 10 100 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Naphthalene 0.040 0.40 Chlorinated hydrocarbons Carbon tetrachloride 0.0050 0.050 Chlorobenzene 0.10 1.0 Chloroform 0.10 1.0 2 Chloromethane 0.030 0.30 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.075 0.75 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.85 8.5 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.0050 0.050 1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.0070 0.070 (cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene) 0.070 0.70 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.10 1.0 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 0.37 3.7 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 0.01 0.1 Pentachlorophenol 0.008 0.08 Tetrachloroethylene 0.0050 0.050 Trichloroethylene 0.0050 0.050 Vinyl chloride 0.0020 0.020 Dichloromethane 0.0050 0.050 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.0050 0.050 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.20 2.0 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 6.0 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine 0.01 0.1 Agricultural Chemicals 2,4-D 0.070 0.70 Carbofuran 0.040 0.40 Chlordane 0.0020 0.020 Diazinon 0.0050 0.050 Methamidophos 0.020 0.20 Paraquat 0.030 0.30 Parathion 0.022 0.22 Toxaphene 0.0030 0.030 Heavy metals Arsenic (As) 0.050 0.50 Judged by Appendix: Procedure of pollution potential area establishment and origin evaluation of groundwater arsenic Cadmium (Cd) 0.0050 0.050 Chromium (Cr) 0.050 0.50 Copper (Cu) 1.0 10 Lead (Pb) 0.010 0.10 Mercury (Hg) 0.0020 0.020 Nickel (Ni) 0.10 1.0 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 50 3 Indium (In) 0.07 0.7 Applicable to groundwater pollution investigation for industrial processes using In or Mo as raw material Molybdenum (Mo) 0.07 0.7 General items Nitrates (Nitrate as N) 10 100 Nitrates (Nitrate as N) 1.0 10 Fluoride (Fluoride as F-) 0.8 8.0 Other pollutants Methyl tert-butyl ether; MTBE 0.1 1.0 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons; TPH 1.0 10 Cyanide (Cyanide as CN-) 0.050 0.50 Article 5 Appropriate investigation items and areas can be assessed, chose and decided by competent authorities at all levels according to region characteristics, investigation purposes and operating methods. Article 6 Scientific data and information can be provided by industry and related associations or environmental protection organizations to the central competent authorities as the reference of Standards modification. Article 7 These Standards shall take effect from the date of promulgation. These Standards revised on December 18, 2013 shall take effect on January 1, 2014. 4 Appendix Procedure of pollution potential area establishment and origin evaluation of groundwater arsenic 1. Establishment of potential areas for groundwater arsenic (As) pollution 1.1 According to the results of worldwide previous investigations on As-polluted groundwater, the geochemical characteristics of As-polluted groundwater and sedimentary can be summarized as follow: 1.1.1 Most of Long-term groundwater As concentrations exceeds Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Standards: Due to the slow velocity of groundwater flow, the variation of groundwater As concentration is slight within the undisturbed groundwater As potential area. Groundwater As concentrations over the years mostly exceeded Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Standards. 1.1.2 Relatively higher As contents are found in geological sediments: due to great As contents deposited in geological sediments, and is the main source of As-polluted groundwater, thus the monitoring wells with higher As concentration groundwater, their screens’ interval sediments also have higher As concentration. Generally, background As concentrations of non-polluted sediments are mostly lower than 20 mg/L. 1.1.3 Geological sediment is mostly composed of silty clay with fine-sand: The fine sediment with silty clay facilitates for reduction reaction and As enrichment in subsurface environment. The sediment profile of geological drilling by setting the monitoring wells can be adopted for evaluating the potential of groundwater As pollution. 1.2 According to the results of periodical groundwater quality monitoring, 5 the catchments with aforementioned hydrogeological characteristics in Taiwan are Choushui river alluvial fan, Chianan plain, Pingtung Plain, Lanyang Plain. The groundwater As pollution potential areas of these 4 catchments are shown in Appendix Table 1. 1.3 If the groundwater As concentration is detected and exceeds the Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Standards in aforesaid potential areas, the emergency measure is not necessary. The origin of groundwater As then can be referred to hydrogeological conditions and environmental background. 1.4 The aforesaid groundwater As pollution potential areas should be adjusted based on the results of periodical groundwater quality monitoring. 2. Evaluating the origin of groundwater As 2.1 Origin of groundwater As should be investigated under the following situations (Appendix Figure 1): 2.1.1 Groundwater As contaminated sites are not located in aforesaid potential areas. 2.1.2 Groundwater As contaminated sites are located in aforesaid potential areas and maybe affected by external As pollution. 2.2 Under the aforementioned situations, the procedure of evaluating the origin of groundwater As should be considered (Appendix Figure 2) to discriminate the causes of forming groundwater As. The procedure includes at least following steps: 2.2.1 The hydrogeological characteristics and human activities of the contaminated site should be collected. The investigation coverage of groundwater As pollution should be established. 2.2.2 The groundwater levels variation, groundwater quality data, geological characteristics of the existed wells around the contaminated site should be collected to preliminary evaluate the possibility of reaching for reasons not attributable to external pollution. 6 2.2.3 The field investigation and residents interview should be conducted to evaluate the possibility of the source of surrounding anthropogenic pollution. 2.2.4 According to the aforementioned groundwater As pollution potential areas, if the contaminated site is located in potential areas and is reached for reasons not attributable to external pollution, then the follow-up emergency investigations and verifications are not necessary. 2.2.5 If the contaminated site is not located in potential areas, it needs to collect the groundwater and sediment samples from the screens of monitoring wells to conduct the analysis of total As-content; in addition, if the depth of As concentration peak of groundwater is consistent with that of sediment, and is reached for reasons not attributable to external pollution, then the follow-up emergency investigations and verifications are not necessary. 2.2.6 If the depth of As concentration peak of groundwater is not consistent with that of sediment, the segmental sequential extraction and X-ray diffraction analysis are necessary to confirm the As-contained mineral phases, and Fe/Mn minerals; in addition, if it relates to crystalline Fe/Mn oxihydroxides, and are reached for reasons not attributable to external pollution, then the follow-up emergency investigations and verifications are not necessary. 2.2.7 Emergency investigations and verifications of soil and groundwater are necessary if the As-contained mineral phases of sediment are not related to crystalline Fe/Mn oxihydroxides to verify the source of groundwater As contamination. 2.3 According to 1.4, 2.2.5~7 in this appendix, the groundwater As pollution potential areas should be revised based on the results of periodical groundwater quality monitoring or investigations of groundwater As sources. 7 3. Management and utilization of As-contained groundwater The utilization of As-contained groundwater in the groundwater As pollution potential areas (Appendix Table 1) should be conformed with different purposes. The appropriate treatment of water quality purification and depths and amounts of groundwater pumping should be proposed by competent authorities at all levels according to related water quality standards and groundwater demands. Procedure of pollution potential area establishment and origin evaluation of groundwater As Establishment of the groundwater As pollution potential areas Groundwater As contaminated site is located in potential areas Follow-up emergency investigations and verifications are not necessary Groundwater As contaminated site is not located in potential areas Discrimination of the causes of forming groundwater As Follow-up emergency investigations and verifications should be conducted The utilization and management of As contained groundwater should be conformed with different purposes and based on related regulation by competent authorities at all levels Is the groundwater As contaminated site affected by anthropogenic As pollution? Yes No No Yes Is the groundwater As contamination caused by anthropogenic As pollution? Appendix Figure 1 Procedure of pollution potential area establishment and origin evaluation of groundwater arsenic 8 Groundwater As concentration exceeds the Groundwater Pollution Monitoring/Control Standards Investigation coverage of groundwater As pollution  Field investigation  Residents interview  Investigation the source of surrounding anthropogenic pollution  Integrate scientific data  Evaluate source of groundwater As contamination Conform the management and utilization of As-contained groundwater Revise the groundwater As pollution potential areas Is the contaminated site located in potential areas  Sampling sediment samples from the screens of monitoring (observing) wells  As, Fe, Mn content in sediment  Groundwater quality analysis  Segmental sequential extraction of As, Fe, Mn  X-ray diffraction analysis Is the depth of As concentration peak of groundwater consistent with that of sediment Is the As-contained mineral of sediment related to crystalline Fe/ Mn oxihydroxides Yes No No No Yes Yes  Regional hydrogeological characteristics  Surrounding human activity  Records of geological drilling  Annual groundwater level variation  Annual groundwater quality data  Characteristics of geological sediment Appendix Figure 2 Procedure of evaluating the origin of groundwater As 9 Appendix Table 1 Groundwater As pollution potential areas of Taiwan Catchment County/City Township/ District Village Choushui river alluvial fan Changhua County Dacun Dacun, Daqiao, Jiaxi, Pinghe, Tianyang, Cunshang, Nanshi, Meigang, Jiadong, Gongqi, Huangcuo, Xinxing, Guogou, Fuxing, Baitang Changhua County Yongjing Wubian, Yongxing, Dongning, Lunzi Changhua County Xiushui Andong, Anxi, Xiushui, Jinxing, Xiaxi, Maxing, Zhuangya, Zengcuo, Yixing, Fu'an, Heming Changhua County Shetou Xiehe, Nandi, Nanya, Xincuo, Qiaotou Changhua County Fenyuan Dapu, Zhulin, hekou, Fenyuan, Jinfen, Fengkeng, Jiushe Changhua County Huatan Sanchun, Zhongkou, Zhongzhuang, Wende, Beikou, Yongchun, Baisha, Yanzhu, Huatan, Jindun, Changsha, Changchun, Nankou, Lunya, Liucuo, Qiaotou, Wandong, Wanya Changhua County Yuanlin Sanduo, Sanhe, Sanxin, Santiau, San'ai, Sanyi, Sanqiao, Daming, Dapu, Darau, Zhongshan, Zhongyang, Zhongzheng, Renmei, Chushui, Minsheng, Guangming, Xidong, Heping, Dongbei, Donghe, Lincuo, Nanping, Nanxing, Lunya, Huilai, Xinsheng, Xinxing, Yuantan, Gouzao, Wannian, Liming Changhua County Puxin Taiping, Wazhong, Wabei, Wanan, Dongmen, Youche, Jingkou, Yimin Changhua County Lukang Dongqi, Yangcuo, Pulun, Haipu, Caozhong, Dingcuo, Zhao'an, Liaucuo Changhua County Changhua City Pinghe, Yanhe, Dongfang, Nan'an, Nanmei, Nanxing, Citong Changhua County Fuxing Dalun, Fanpo Yunlin County Kouhu Xialun, Shuijing, Chenglong, Houcuo, Pubei, Lunzhong, Lundong, Wubei, Wunan, Keliau, Gangxi, Gangdong, Hukou, Hudong, Guogang, Taizi, Xiecuo Yunlin County Dapi Dade, Beizhen, Xizhen, Yiran, Xing'an Yunlin County Yuanchang Lunan, Xinji 10 Yunlin County Shuilin Tucuo, Dashan, Dagou, Shanjiau, Shuibei, Shuinan, Jianshan, Xijing, Chegang, Songzhong, Songbei, Songxi, Houliau, Chunpu, Haipu, Shunxing, Wendi, Xiqian, Wanxing, Fanshu, Qiongpu, Suqin, Wanxi, Wandong Yunlin County Beigang Shuipu, Haushou, Fuchau, Shujiau Yunlin County Sihu Sanxing, Neihu, Sihu, Yangdiau, Lindong, Lincuo, Shihu, Feisha, Feidong, Lunbei, Lunnan, Luchang, Huxi, Huliau, Xinzhuang, Xiwei, Xidi, Guanggou, Caicuo Yunlin County Dongshi Simei, Annan, Changnan, Dongbei, Dongnan, Fuxing, Chenghai, Jialong, Longtan Yunlin County Mailiao Haifeng Yunlin County Taixi Shanliau, Wugang, Wulang, Niucuo, Yongfeng, Guanghua, Hefeng, Quanzhou, Haikou, Haibei, Hainan, Wengang, Fuqi, Xiding, Taixi Chiayi County Dongshi Xiayi, Haipu Vil, Fulai, Dingyi, Weitan, Gangkou, Xixia, Niausong, Longgang, Aogu Chiayi County Liujiao Gongchang, Gulin, Yongxian, Zhuben, Bengshan, Yuliau, Suandong, Suantou, Wanbei, Wannan Chiayi County Dalin Sancun, Sanhe, Shanglin, Zhonglin, Neilin, Pinglin, Jilin, Xilin, Xijie, Minghe, Minghua, Donglin, Pailu, Yihe Chiayi County Xikou Bencuo, Miaulun, Pingding, Linjiau, Liugou, Meibei, Meinan, Chailin, Youxi, Youdong ,Xibei, Xixi, Xidong, Diexi Tainan City Central All Tainan City North All Tainan City West All Tainan City North All Tainan City South All Tainan City Anping Wenzhu, Shimen, Anzhong Vi Ximen, Miaushou, Jincheng, Xiaoqian, Haixing, Pusa Tainan City Annan Sicao, Anxi, Xingfu, Qingcao, Chengxi, Chengnan, Haixi, Haidian, Hainan, Yuanzhong, Lixiang, Lu'er, Xidong, Xiqian, Xiangong, Yantian Tainan City Qigu Qigu, Shifen, Sangu, Datan, Zhongliau, Yucheng, Xiliau, Chengnei, Hougang, Dingshan, Xinan, Dujia, Longshan, Yancheng Tainan City Xiaying Dapi, Renli, Hejian 11 Tainan City Rende Taizi Tainan City Beimen Jinhu、Shuangchun Tainan City Yongkang Dawan, Wangxing, Beiwan, Yongkang, Xishi, Xiwan, Dongwan, Nanwan, Puyuan, Wuzhu, Kunshan, Xinshu, Niausong, Longtan Tainan City Xigang Xigang, Gangdong Tainan City Jiali Sanxie, Zilong, Anxi, Jiahua, Haicheng, Dingkuo, Xizhou, Jiafu, Zhangzhou, Xinghua, Yingding, Lihua Tainan City Guantian Balin, Dongzhuang, Dutou Tainan City Houbi Shi'an, Zhuxin, Houkuo, Dingchang, Jingliau, Xinjia Tainan City Liuying Danong、Guoyi Tainan City Jiangjun Sanji, Renhe, Beipu, Yushan, Xihe, Xihua, Zhongxing, Changrong, Bauyuan, Jiangfu, Jianggui, Jiachang, Kunming, Kunshen Tainan City Madou Xiaopi, Beishi, Youche, Pitou Zhuangli, Xinjian, Zhuanjing, Xingnong, Longquan Tainan City Shanhua Xiaoxin, Liufen, Liude, Wenchang, Niuzhuang, Guangwen, Xiguan, Zuojia, Dongchang, Donglong, Nanguan, Hujia, Ximei, Jiabei Tainan City Xinhua Shanjiau, Taiping, Beishi, Quanxing, Xiexing, Fengkou, Lunding, Fengrong Tainan City Xinshi Sanshe, Dazhou, Daying, Yongjiu, Shenei, Gangqian, Xinshi, Xinhe, Fenghua Tainan City Xuejia Hongjia, Dingzhou Tainan City Guiren Damiau, Xipu, Mamiau Tainan City Guanmiao Pitou Tainan City Yanshui Xiazhong, Dazhuang, Jingshui, Houzhai, Suncuo, Tongliau, Jiuying, Huanya Chiayi City West All Dist. Chiayi City East All Dist. Chiayi County Taibao Taibau, Tianwei, Anren, Dongshi, Qiantan, Houzhuang, Houtan, Chunzhu, Pixiang, Lunding, Meipu, Maliau, Gangwei, Xinpi, Guogou, Jiupi Chiayi County Shuishang Dalun, Zhonghe, Guoxing, Cuxi, Tugou Chiayi County Budai Yong'an, Guangfu, Haumei, Jiangshan, Kaushi, Daijiang, Fuxing, Caipu, Xinmin, Xincen Chiayi Minxiong Dinglun, Fuquan, Liauding, Fongshou, Zhenbei 12 County Chiayi County Zhongpu Hemu, Hexing, Fushou Chiayi County Puzi Meihua, Xinzhuang, Dejia Chiayi County Lucao Sanjiau, Xiama, Xiatan, Guangtan, Zhushan, Xijing, Songzhu, Houjue, Houliau, Shijia, Chongliau, Ludong, Lucao, Bitan, Fongchou Chiayi County Yizhu Zhongping, Beihua, Pingxi, Xiguo, Guanhe 、 Guanshun, Dongguo, Dongrong, Houzhen, Piqian, Xindian, Xinfu, Xizhou, Touzhu, Longjiau Kaohsiung City Yong’an Yong'an, Bauning, Xingang, Yantian Kaohsiung City Gangshan Dazhuang, Daliau, Ren'ai, Baimi, Shitan, Zhuwei, Xierong, Gangshan, Houxie, Weisui, Huagang, Jiafeng, Jiaxing, Shoutian, Fuxing, Taishang, Liucuo, Tandi Kaohsiung City Alian Yuku, Gangshan, Fu'an, Ganghou Kaohsiung City Qieding Dading, Baiyun, Guangding, Jiding, Hexie, Bauding, Qilou, Jia'an, Jiading, Jiatai, Jiafu, Jiale, Jiasi Kaohsiung City Ziguan Zhonglun, Zixin Kaohsiung City Hunei Zhongxian, Zhongxing, Haishan, Yixian, Yecuo, Liujia Kaohsiung City Luzhu Sanye, Xiakeng, Zhuyuan, Shedong, Dingliau, Xinda, Yaliau Kaohsiung City Qiaotou Zhongqi, Shihe, Shilong, Shifeng, Jiabei, Jianan, Baishu, Xilin, Yuliau, Donglin, Dingyan, Bixiu, Xinzhuang, Desong, Qiaotou Kaohsiung City Yanchao Jiausu Pingtung County Jiadong Liugen, Jiadong, Wenfeng, Yanwen, Laijia Pingtung County Donggang Datan Pingtung County Fangliao Dazhuang, Dili, Donghai, Xinlong Pingtung County Linbian Renhe, Shuili, Yongle, Tiancuo, Guanglin, Chifen, Zhen'an 13 Yilan County Wujie Erjie, Sanxing, Shangsi, Daji, Zhongxing, Wujie, Sijie, Chengxing, Lize, Xiehe, Jixin, Fuxing Yilan County Dongshan Sanqi, Daxing, Taihe, Dongshan, Anping, Dongcheng, Wuyuan, Nanxing, Zhenzhu, Xianghe, Bucheng Yilan County Zhuangwei Meifu, Xinnan Yilan County Yilan City Dadau、Zhongshan、Zhongzheng、Wenhua、Beimen、Beijin、 Minsheng、Minzu、Minquan、Ximen、Xiaolian、Hemu、 Shengping、Dongmen、Nanmen、Jianjun、Siyuan、Fuguo、 Shennong、Jiaubai、Meizhou、Fuxing、Jinshi、Ewang、Xinmin、 Xinsheng、Qinghe Yilan County Yuanshan Yonghe、Tongle、Shangde、Zhenshan、Yuanshan、Huihau、 Toufen Yilan County Jiaoxi Erjie, Yutian, Yuguang Yilan County Luodong Daxin, Zhulin, Dong'an, Xinyi, Xinqun Yilan County Su’ao Yongguang, Yongchun, Yongle, Cunren, Yueming, Chang'an, Gangbian, Xincheng, Shenghu, Aiding, Longde Vil, Subei, Suxi, Sudong, Sunan The groundwater As pollution potential areas are evaluated by geostatistics method. The average groundwater As concentrations investigated by Water Resource Agency (2001-2011) and Environmental Protection Administration (2001-2011) are adopted for estimating the distribution of contaminated probability >75%, which the concentrations exceed the Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Standards Category 1 (0.025 mg/L).