Earthquake response and recovery plan 2023–2026

Turkey Earthquake Response and Recovery Plan 2023. Türkiye Earthquake response and recovery plan 2023–2026 II | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2023 Türkiye Earthquake response and recovery plan 2023–2026 Photo cover: ©FAO/Turuhan Alkir Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. 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Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5910en iii Contents Executive summary v Rationale of the intervention 1 Outcome 1: Agrifood systems including supply and value chains restored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Outcome 2: Agricultural labour market revitalized . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Outcome 3: Rural communities empowered for sustainable development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Communication and visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Resilience monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Notes 18 iv | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 v The Türkiye Earthquake response and recovery plan (ERRP) has been developed in partnership with the Government of Türkiye to address the devastating impact of the February 2023 earthquakes on the agriculture and rural sectors. The foreseen outcomes and outputs will be achieved through closely coordinated actions with a broad range of partners working in the sectors, including United Nations agencies and civil society actors, under the leadership of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MoAF). The ERRP was informed by the findings of the Türkiye earthquakes recovery and reconstruction assessment, led by the Presidency of Strategy and Budget, which includes damages and losses estimations as well as specific sectoral policy recommendations.1 Additionally, the ERRP was informed by a series of earthquake impact assessments on the agriculture sector conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and MoAF, which collected data from provincial and district-level directorates of MoAF and was crucial to the design and targeting of the ERRP.2 FAO, together with MoAF, has developed the ERRP through consultations with international, national, and local stakeholders, as well as through insights and recommendations from experts, local leaders and partners on the ground. The ERRP is a living document that will be developed progressively. Alongside regular data updates, FAO and MoAF will regularly review planned actions and targeting to better suit the evolving context and to efficiently address current subsectoral and geographical needs. The ERRP aims to achieve the following outcomes: Outcome 1: Agrifood systems including supply and value chains restored Outcome 2: Agricultural labour market revitalized Outcome 3: Rural communities empowered for sustainable development Outcome 1 aims to address a range of urgent and immediate needs in the agriculture sector, many of which are time-sensitive due to seasonal calendars, while also contributing to the medium and longer-term outputs contained within Outcomes 2 and 3. Together these outcomes complement the Government of Türkiye’s vision for development in the impacted areas, building on existing policies and strategies. The recovery offers an opportunity to invest in improved rural livelihoods and social support mechanisms. The ERRP will employ a set of approaches which will be mainstreamed across actions, including women’s empowerment, disaster risk reduction, building back better, private sector engagement, as well as climate-smart and nature-based solutions. The ERRP foresees a 36-month initial implementation period with an estimated budget of USD 112 million, directly benefiting approximately 700 000 people and over 850 enterprises in the affected areas.* In addition, the ERRP includes trainings and capacity development activities for farmers, agriculture and food sector workers, national and local level institutions and professionals, as well as rural territorial strategies and integrated programmes. * Based on an average household size of 4.4 individuals. Executive summary https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Turkiye-Recovery-and-Reconstruction-Assessment.pdf https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Turkiye-Recovery-and-Reconstruction-Assessment.pdf https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CC4779EN vi | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026© FA O /T ur uh an A lk ir 1 The primary objective of the ERRP’s framework is to maintain food production and availability through restoration and improvement of agrifood systems and rural livelihoods. The initial focus of the ERRP in the immediate term will be on the five provinces most affected by the earthquakes, namely Adıyaman, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş and Malatya and the two districts of Islahiye and Nurdağı in Gaziantep. Regularly collected district-level data is facilitating the identification of urgent subsectoral needs across the 11 impacted provinces, to ensure that district-specific needs and seasonal deadlines are being met in all impacted areas. 1. The immediate-term interventions (up to six months) will provide production inputs and cash assistance to address market disruptions and meet the most pressing needs of the affected communities. The distribution of production inputs is only planned during the immediate term with the objective of moving towards resilience building interventions in the medium and longer term. The distribution of inputs may be required when inputs are inaccessible in local markets or in case of urgent seasonal deadlines. Furthermore, the immediate-term interventions under the ERRP will aim to: • address immediate sectoral needs and constraints in order meet the seasonal deadlines across the agricultural subsectors; • ensure labour availability and reestablish market linkages for agrifood producers and systems which are experiencing market disruptions; and • offset damages and losses caused by the earthquakes on current and future productivity to prevent further erosion of rural and agricultural livelihoods. Alongside the immediate-term response actions, medium and long-term efforts covering all 11 provinces will be programmed and organized for a continuum of support to the sector. As co-lead of the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector, FAO will continue to support MoAF to ensure partner coordination in the agriculture sector. 2. The medium-term interventions (six months to one year) will continue to provide urgently needed physical and financial assistance while improving adaptative capacity of the agriculture and rural sectors to the post-disaster conditions, and initiate steps for building back better, aiming to: • extend immediate response actions and support to 11 provinces, ensuring district-specific recovery design and widest coverage of support; • initiate recovery actions, such as investment in agrifood processing, entrepreneurship and sectoral enterprises; • scale up capacity adaptation and skills-shifting, investing in labour market skills and matching skilled labour with the needs of the private sector; and • further elaborate rural social networking strategies and gradually introduce activities in rural empowerment. Rationale of the intervention 2 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 3. The long-term interventions (one year and beyond) will improve sustainable development capacity of the sector, and fully integrate building back better approach into recovery actions, aiming to: • fully integrate sustainable development approaches into actions, such as building sustainable and efficient value-chains, empowering women-led enterprises, extending climate-smart agriculture, particularly in soil and water resource management; • advancing skills through farmer field and business schools and investing in digital and green economies as well as nature-based solutions; and • empower communities in building resilience to disasters, sustainably manage rural and environmental assets, and collectively improve livelihoods. © FA O /T ur uh an A lk ir Rationale of the intervention | 3 Outcome 1: Agrifood systems including supply and value chains restored The 11 affected provinces account for 18.7 percent of Türkiye’s total agricultural and forestry exports. The food sector production and processing infrastructure in certain districts are currently non-operational. Productive assets of farmers and processors have been completely lost or damaged. The associated loss of economic momentum may provoke a decrease in supply and an upward effect on food inflation. Markets and supply chains have been disrupted, leading to food loss in some subsectors, while availability of products is constrained in others. FAO is currently taking immediate actions to address the needs of farmers, livestock keepers and fishers within available resources. Importantly, the ERRP aims to meet seasonal agricultural calendars across the subsectors to promote continued agricultural production, and presence, in the affected areas. Food producers, of all sizes, must be incentivized to continue operations in this crucial time. Medium and long-term interventions for this outcome are focused on transforming agrifood systems and value chains with a green innovation approach, considerate of natural resources such as forest, soil water and biodiversity, while establishing linkages with food systems to accelerate productivity, sustainability, and social inclusion targets simultaneously. What investments in agriculture can achieve With seeds and fertilizers provided a family can cultivate 1 hectare of land and produce 3 tonnes of wheat, worth USD 1 500 on the local market USD 300 Support a family of 4 to earn enough income to meet their needs for 5 months Improve a family’s nutrition and income generation capacity With animal feed provided, a family can feed 25 small ruminants for a month and earn an income of USD 880/month from selling meat and milk in local markets USD 150 With one unconditional cash transfer, a family can meet its basic needs for one month USD 330 Protect the most vulnerable families from resorting to negative coping mechanisms (e.g. skipping meals or depleting productive assets) 4 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Output 1.1: Immediate needs of the livestock subsector are addressed and the capacities of producers are raised The impacted area is a major livestock breeding region. Current assessments indicate that 13 284 livestock shelters were destroyed and around 815 000 heads of livestock have been lost, with many more injured by the earthquakes. Many livestock shelters and barns cannot be used due to aftershocks, leaving many farmers and livestock without shelter, combined with limited access to animal feed, resulting in deterioration in animal health and husbandry conditions. The power outages induced by the earthquakes impacted vaccine production and therefore present a higher risk of further animal losses due to the spread of animal diseases. The income level of livestock and poultry producers has decreased due to the disruptions in processing, storage and markets, many may not return to production. Approximately 5 756 beehives were damaged in the apiculture subsector. Current and potential estimated damages and losses in the subsector amount to USD 242 million. FAO has been providing livestock support in the area and is capable of rapidly scaling up interventions to support producers with required inputs and technical support. Recent assessment work has aided in the targeting of priority districts. FAO will also provide technical support to other actors supporting the subsector through its role as co-lead of the Food Security and Livelihoods Sector. Activities under Output 1.1 Funding required USD 14.8 million Beneficiaries 54 500 households (239 800 people) Activity Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 1.1.1: Provision of cattle feed Activity 1.1.2: Provision of sheep and goat feed Activity 1.1.3: Animal shelter rehabilitation/provision Activity 1.1.4: Vaccination campaign support – cold chain support (for veterinary services) Activity 1.1.5: Provision of inputs for milk production for small-scale producers Activity 1.1.6: Training – climate smart practices for livestock keeping and rearing Activity 1.1.7: Support the surveillance and monitoring system for the control of transboundary animal diseases Activity 1.1.8: Input support to the apiculture subsector Rationale of the intervention | 5 Output 1.2: Cereal and cash crop production levels are maintained Crop production infrastructure, including warehouses, packaging and storage facilities, as well as equipment, have been severely damaged across the region. The upcoming second crop is expected to be highly affected given the level of damage to stored agricultural inputs and equipment, which will prevent soil cultivation, sowing, fertilization and pest management. Current and potential estimated damages and losses in the sector amount to USD 4.89 billion. MoAF has placed an immediate request for support from the international community for key inputs to help ensure continued production of cereal and cash crops, with a focus on wheat, barley, rye and maize. FAO aims to support the government with these inputs as well as with technical assistance and coordination. There are multiple seasonal deadlines in this subsector and timely support is crucial. Activities under Output 1.2. Funding required USD 13.3 million Beneficiaries 37 400 households (164 500 people) Activity Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 1.2.1: Provision of seeds and fertilizers Activity 1.2.2 Provision of tools and equipment for land preparation/ rehabilitation and replanting Activity 1.2.3: Farmer field schools/ climate smart agriculture Activity 1.2.4: Provision of mobile grain storage units © FA O /T ur uh an A lk ir 6 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Output 1.3: Horticulture and fruits sector production maintained and supply chains rehabilitated The impacted area is a major producer of fruit for both national and international markets and is also a major source of income for the area. Climatic and soil conditions allow for production of large quantities of apple, apricot, hazelnut, lemon, mandarin, orange, pear, pistachio, quince, sour and sweet cherries and walnut, among others. A broad range of seasonal vegetables are also produced in fields and greenhouses across the region, with many districts specialising in products unique to their growing conditions, such as grapes, red peppers and tomato varieties. Supply and value chains for these products are sensitive and have been highly impacted by the loss of storage and processing facilities across the region. FAO and MoAF have mapped out the most impacted orchards, facilities and greenhouses with the aim to provide immediate support to maintain production. Activities under Output 1.3. Output 1.4: Marine fisheries and aquaculture sector rehabilitated According to government information, at least 34 fish farms have been significantly damaged and 60 tonnes of trout, 12 828 breeding trout, 29 072 000 trout larvae, 8 450 000 fertilised trout eggs, and 36 000 sturgeon larvae were lost. In addition, damages to water intake systems and administrative buildings have caused operations in many facilities to cease. The earthquakes have heavily impacted fishing ports, including Cevlik fishing port located in Samandag district, Arsuz fishing port located in Arsuz district, and Dörtyol fishing port in Dörtyol district in Hatay. These ports have experienced losses in moorage areas, storage and operational facilities, and cold chain infrastructure. The damages have particularly affected small-scale fishers and aquaculture producers who are unable Funding required USD 15.3 million Beneficiaries 31 800 households (139 900 people) Activity Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 1.3.1: Provision of vegetable seeds, seedlings, plant protection materials and fertilizers Activity 1.3.2: Orchard rehabilitation support– provision of tools and equipment used in pruning and harvesting, among others Activity 1.3.3: Support for repairing or reconstructing greenhouses Activity 1.3.4: Provision of water pumps and irrigation pipes Activity 1.3.5: Farmer field schools/ climate smart agriculture Funding required USD 1.2 million Beneficiaries 100 enterprises Rationale of the intervention | 7 to resume operations and generate income. The estimated damages and losses in this subsector amount to USD 4.5 million. Activities under Output 1.4. Output 1.5: Food processing enterprises are supported The earthquake-affected region is not only a primary agricultural producer, but also hosts major agrifood value chain players, including food industry in provinces such as Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Malatya and Şanlıurfa. The production, storage, logistics and processing infrastructure for the food sector in certain districts are currently non- operational or highly damaged. The interventions under this output will aim to restore value chains through supporting small- and mid-scale processing facilities with investments and provide technical assistance and trainings to selected enterprises along the value chain while incorporating building back better strategies. Activities under Output 1.5. Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 1.4.1: Restoration of impacted aquaculture hatcheries and nurseries Activity 1.4.2: Provision of productive inputs for sustaining aquaculture production (feed, fingerlings and fry) Activity 1.4.3: Rehabilitation of portside cold storage and marketing facilities Funding required USD 6.5 million Beneficiaries 3 000 households/ enterprises Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 1.5.1: Support reparations to small-scale processing facilities Activity 1.5.2: Support reparations to medium and large-scale processing facilities Activity 1.5.3: Train the targeted enterprises on hazard analysis critical control point as well as good manufacturing practices Activity 1.5.4: Farmer field and business schools/sustainable, inclusive and efficient agrifood systems 8 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Outcome 2: Agricultural labour market revitalized The impact of the earthquakes has resulted in internal displacement and migration of the local population, including rural and agriculture-dependent communities. Limited shelter opportunities and fear of additional earthquakes have prompted many people to leave the affected areas, a situation which jeopardizes the sustainability of agriculture and livestock enterprises. Considering the risk of reduced labour availability, increasing productivity through technical support and addressing labour constraints in the immediate-term, is essential to retain pre-disaster production levels. Interventions in the immediate term also focus on retaining on-farm labour while rapidly improving skills through trainings coupled with cash-for-work strategies. Informal employment, coupled with the negative impacts of the earthquakes, is a challenge in advancing recovery, ensuring sustainability of the agrifood systems and value chains. Medium to longer-term interventions, focus on strategic skills development of private sector partners through theoretical and on-the-job trainings. Skills-upgrading © FA O /T ur uh an A lk ir Rationale of the intervention | 9 will be complemented with job matching and placement services to offset gaps in the labour market. Interventions under this output will prioritize women and youth. Output 2.1: Labour market sustained through establishment of market linkages and the provision of targeted vocational/skills training FAO will build upon its existing programmes which support labour market development and vocational training in agricultural subsectors, already operational in the affected districts, to promote immediate labour linkages to producers. Working with partners in the sector, and in close coordination with the MoAF, as well as the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, labour demand will be mapped and updated regularly to address labour gaps with available workforce. Activities under Output 2.1. Output 2.2: The living and working conditions of seasonal agricultural workers are improved and the institutionalization of agricultural intermediary system is enhanced Seasonal agricultural workers play a crucial role in the food and agriculture sector. FAO will work with government partners and the existing network of labour intermediaries to improve seasonal agricultural workers’ living and working conditions, and contribute to the institutionalization of the seasonal labour market in line with the existing policies and strategies. These efforts will include ensuring minimum standards in living and working conditions, remuneration packages across the subsectors, and providing advocacy, training, and certification opportunities for both intermediaries and workers. Funding required USD 11.7 million Beneficiaries 13 700 households (60 300 people) Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 2.1.1: Market linkage adaptation assessment and strategic analysis Activity 2.1.2: Private sector consultation and engagement meetings Activity 2.1.3: Conduct agricultural skills development+ [ASDP+] trainings, focusing on technical skills relevant to the private sector labour gaps (e.g. theoretical, on-the-job and complementary trainings) Activity 2.1.4: Agricultural Skills Development (ASDP+) for community and collective benefits Activity 2.1.5: Facilitate labour/ Job fairs and scale up agricultural employment desks network Funding required USD 25.3 million Beneficiaries 3 600 households (15 700 people) 10 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Activities under Output 2.2 Outcome 3: Rural communities empowered for sustainable development In the impacted region, rural areas face multiple challenges as they often lack resources and services compared with large-scale urban centres. These challenges include not only disaster related immediate response and recovery needs, but also challenges related to the integration of sustainable, inclusive and innovative rural development approaches. Outcome 3 aims to contribute to a revitalized rural society, including markets, labour and supportive services in line with key national development plans. The recovery presents an opportunity to introduce and scale up digital and green transition strategies and to manage environmental resources sustainably, while also building resilience to disasters and climate change. The activities under this outcome aim to strengthen local institutions and social support structures. Activities include direct support to agricultural cooperatives, non-governmental organizations, producer associations and organizations representing vulnerable groups. The ERRP will prioritize the development and coordination of multisectoral interventions that aim to improve the collective socioeconomic well-being of rural communities. Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 2.2.1: Conduct an assessment of agricultural intermediary system and labour market Activity 2.2.2: Improve the basic infrastructure of the accommodation areas of seasonal agricultural workers Activity 2.2.3: Individuals and social skills development for seasonal agricultural workers, including migrants and refugees Activity 2.2.4: Train agricultural labour intermediaries in decent work and facilitate certification of unregistered intermediaries Activity 2.2.5: Conditional cash transfers to intermediaries for their coordination to support the institutionalization of seasonal agricultural labour market (e.g. to support transportation, registration and decent work condition) Activity 2.2.6: Provide minimum wage and social security premium support for seasonal agricultural workers working with certified intermediaries Activity 2.2.7: Advocate for agricultural labour market needs, formalization of agricultural labour market and rights of seasonal agricultural workers Rationale of the intervention | 11 Output 3.1: Basic needs of severely affected rural households supported Activities under Output 3.1 This immediate-term assistance of multipurpose cash will mainly target rural households who are engaged in agriculture and fisheries and have experienced severe loss of assets or income. The main aim of the assistance is to ensure that rural households can meet their immediate needs and continue to stay in the region and contribute to the agrifood sector. Output 3.2: Risks, hazards and priority needs of vulnerable target populations in rural areas identified Rural communities are the foundation of agrifood systems in the country and will remain at further risk beyond the recovery. Building resilience to future disasters must be mainstreamed across all actions, and understanding the evolving and geographically specific risks, hazards and priority needs is key to intervention design. FAO will work with local governments and communities to undertake rapid rural appraisals to identify specific risks and threats to aid in the formulation of innovative approaches and technologies. Value chain assessments will be undertaken in earthquake impacted areas to identify bottlenecks, risks and market opportunities. The findings of the value chain assessments and the rapid rural appraisals exercises will be integrated and used for refinement of actions within the ERRP. Activities under Output 3.2 Funding required USD 4.6 million Beneficiaries 14 200 households (62 500 people) Activity Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 3.1.1: Provision of unconditional cash to severely impacted rural agricultural households and fishers Funding required USD 200 000 Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 3.2.1: Conduct rapid rural appraisals Activity 3.2.2: Develop disaster resilient rural communities and agricultural livelihoods strategy Activity 3.2.3: Analysis of agricultural supply and value chain challenges and opportunities Activity 3.2.4: Forestry sector impact assessment Activity 3.2.5: Investment opportunities in disaster and climate-resilient technologies and innovation 12 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Output 3.3: Rural institutions and strategies strengthened Government and civil society institutions and strategies for the development of rural areas wil require increased support to provide services and incentivize rural populations to remain and return to the impacted areas. This output includes activities in support of cooperatives working in the agrifood and rural sector to resume production and income generation, including direct grants to co-finance reconstruction, acquisition or repair of machinery, and trainings for rapid skills-shifting. Many farmers have lost their productive assets, including machinery for crop production. The government has requested support for the establishment of collective machinery parks aimed to provide farmers with access to equipment and machinery to rapidly resume production. The parks will facilitate collective operation and maintenance in selected localities. This action will have a demonstrative nature replicable in other local contexts. Under the ERRP, FAO will support the government’s rural territorial strategies, including Forest Village Development plans in the targeted communities. Rural recovery and development centres will aim to provide psychosocial support to rural community members; encourage farmers to resume agricultural practices in post-disaster conditions; provide working space for farmer and business schools and other local agricultural organizations that require field operations; and identify, communicate and facilitate access to services for rural communities. Activities under Output 3.3 Output 3.4: Environmental damages addressed and mitigated Funding required USD 8.6 million Beneficiaries 200 enterprises/ institutions Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 3.3.1: Technical support for Rural Territorial Strategies and institutions Activity 3.3.2: Support cooperatives with technical support and grants, focusing on women-led initiatives Activity 3.3.3: Competence development support for institutions and professionals serving agriculture and rural sector Activity 3.3.4: Establish machinery parks for collective use Activity 3.3.5: Establishment of district-level rural recovery and development centres Activity 3.3.6: Develop and support Forest Village Development Strategies and programmes Funding required USD 10.1 million Rationale of the intervention | 13 The earthquakes have led to several identified environmental issues such as debris containing asbestos, persistent organic pollutants exposed in damaged facilities, and contamination of water and soil resources. Natural resources management actions are also required in the immediate, as well as medium to long term, and must contribute to sustainable rural development and provision of rural services. FAO will support the MoAF to monitor water resources in the impacted areas for both efficiency and safety in crop production, providing technology and innovation to address identified issues, and promoting longer-term resource management planning support. The “Integrated sustainable resource management and livelihoods improvement” initiative will be an innovative integrated action, preferably along a selected river basin to adopt nature-based solutions and resilient landscape integration along with agricultural development efforts in a post-disaster context. Activities under Output 3.4 Activities Immediate term Medium term Long term Activity 3.4.1: Containment and/or removal of persistent organic pesticides Activity 3.4.2: Water accounting and promotion of efficient use strategies Activity 3.4.3: Environmental monitoring support for water and soil contamination Activity 3.4.4: Promotion of sustainable use of non-timber forest products Activity 3.4.5: Promotion of urban forestry initiatives Activity 3.4.6: Initiative for “integrated sustainable resource management and livelihoods improvement” (nature-based solutions and resilient landscape integration) 14 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 14© FA O Rationale of the intervention | 15 Approaches FAO’s contribution to the response and recovery will contribute to the longer-term vision and goals of the Government of Türkiye and support existing policies, systems and development approaches. To ensure that actions within the ERRP consistently contribute to this goal, the following committed approaches have been defined to guide implementation and performance monitoring. Social protection systems harmonization: Actions within the ERRP aim to address the needs of vulnerable rural populations and will be harmonized with existing national social protection mechanisms to ensure complementarity and efficiency. Climate-smart agriculture and nature-based solutions: Opportunities to integrate sustainable and resilient agricultural practices have been integrated into the ERRP to protect and conserve water, topsoil, biodiversity and forest resources through regenerative agriculture and the latest innovations in good agricultural practices. Women’s empowerment and youth-focused actions: Women, and women-led enterprises and cooperatives, play a key role in stimulating rural livelihoods and economies. FAO will build on its existing network of women-led cooperatives, many heavily affected by the earthquakes, to further their actions in income generation and building social cohesion. All actions will include specific, minimum targeting for women and opportunities for the involvement of youth will be explored throughout implementation. Disaster risk reduction and mitigation: FAO is committed to supporting the government in making risk-informed policy decisions to reduce disaster loss and to allocating resources to prevent emerging risks. In planning and conducting agriculture and rural sector related response and recovery interventions, FAO will promote coordinated and systemic multi-hazard disaster risk reduction in the line with the commitments to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Sustainable Development Goals. Market-based interventions and private sector engagement: Market stabilization will depend on robust engagement from the private sector and business leaders will be a main driver of the response and recovery. Local procurement and cash strategies have been integrated into the ERRP to ensure that project resources contribute to local economies. Accountability to affected populations (AAP): FAO embraces a policy of AAP in all of its actions, which extends to all stakeholders, with a particular focus on extremely vulnerable rural households, including refugees and migrants, many of whom are reliant on assistance for meeting basic needs. All FAO personnel are aware of their AAP responsibilities and monitoring systems are in place to ensure the highest level of compliance. 16 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Partnerships and localization: All actions are jointly implemented with local governments and partnerships will be actively sought with national and international organizations, universities and the private sector. Particular emphasis will be made to support civil society organizations that operate at the local level and have been key drivers of the response. Communication and visibility The communication and visibility plan for ERRP aims to achieve several objectives, including informing stakeholders about the impact of the earthquakes on the agriculture and agrifood sector, disseminating the needs of those affected, highlighting FAO’s efforts and contributions, ensuring active stakeholder engagement and collaboration, promoting transparency and AAP, and sharing lessons learned and best practices with different stakeholders. The ERRP uses various channels and audience with a special focus on the committed approaches, resource partners’ visibility, and building partnerships for continued assistance in disaster response and recovery efforts. Resilience monitoring In order to monitor the contribution of actions to longer term resilience to disasters, risks and shocks, FAO uses a resilience index monitoring and analysis (RIMA) mechanism which regularly provides both qualitative and quantitative data to programme management for revision and refinement. The RIMA system itself is regularly updated by programme learning to reflect the particular context. FAO Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) unit in Türkiye will utilize this mechanisms in monitoring and reporting for the ERRP. Rationale of the intervention | 17 18 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Notes 1 Presidency of Strategy and Budget. 2023. Türkiye recovery and reconstruction assessment. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Turkiye- Recovery-and-Reconstruction-Assessment.pdf 2 FAO. 2023. Initial assessment on possible impacts of earthquake in 11 provinces. Rome. https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ CC4779EN https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Turkiye-Recovery-and-Reconstruction-Assessment.pdf https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Turkiye-Recovery-and-Reconstruction-Assessment.pdf https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CC4779EN https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CC4779EN Rationale of the intervention | 19 20 | Türkiye: Earthquake response and recovery plan, 2023–2026 Saving livelihoods saves lives Office of Emergencies and Resilience OER-Director@fao.org | fao.org/emergencies Rome, Italy FAO Representation in Türkiye FAO-TR@fao.org | @faoturkiye Ankara, Türkiye Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Contact C C 59 10 E N /1 /0 5. 23 https://www.fao.org/emergencies/en https://twitter.com/faoturkiye Executive summary Rationale of the intervention Outcome 1: Agrifood systems including supply and value chains restored Outcome 2: Agricultural labour market revitalized Outcome 3: Rural communities empowered for sustainable development Approaches Communication and visibility Resilience monitoring Notes