NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ON REALIZATION OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

1 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ON REALIzATION OF STOCKHOLM CONvENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN DUsHAnBe, 2007 2 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 3 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 4 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Contents I. National Implementation Plan (NIP) on realization of Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants in the Republic of Tajikistan 7 1. INTRODUCTION 10 2. COUNTRY INFORMATION 13 2.1 General information 13 2.1.1 Geography and population 14 2.1.2 Political and economical profile of the country 15 2.1.3 Profile of economical sector 17 2.1.4 Review of environment 20 2.2 Political, institutional and regulative principles 21 2.2.1 Environmental policy, policy on sustainable development and general legislative principles 21 2.2.2 Role and responsibility of ministries, agencies and other governmental institutions, involved to the solution of POPs problem (the whole cycle from the source to elimination, their availability and behavior in environment) 23 2.2.3 Corresponding international agreements and commitments 26 2.2.4 Description of existing legislation and regulations concerning POPs (intentionally and unintentionally produced) 27 2.2.5 Condition of legislation and normative-methodical base in sphere of treatment POPs containing pesticides and wastes 30 2.3 Assessment of POPs problem in the country 32 2.3.1 Evaluation of chemical substances in accordance with Annex A Part I (POPs-containing pesticides): production, use, import and export in past, present and planned future. Short review of existing monitoring data (environment, foodstuff, human organism) and effects on health 32 2.3.2 Assessment of chemical substances in accordance with Annex A, Part II (PCBs) 42 2.3.3 Assessment of chemical substances in accordance with Annex B (DDT) 45 2.3.4 Assessment of emission of unintentionally produced chemical substances, included to the Annex C (dioxins and furans) 49 2.3.4.1 Structure of sources of the dioxins and furans emission to the atmosphere 49 2.3.4.2 Potential sources of unintentionally produced POPs in Tajikistan 50 2.3.5 Data on POPs storages, contaminated territories and wastes: revelation, determination of quantity, regulations, methodical guidelines, measures for improvement of situation and data on local emissions 57 2.3.6 Brief information about future production, use and emission of POPs - requirements for exemption 58 2.3.7 Existing programs on monitoring of POPs emission and their effects on health of peoples and environment 59 2.3.8 Existing level of information, public awareness and training of appropriate groups. Mechanism of information exchange with other Parties 62 2.3.9 Corresponding activities of non-governmental interested organizations 63 2.3.10 Review of technical infrastructure for assessment of POPs; relationship with international programs and projects 63 5 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 2.3.11 Revelation of population and territories under the threat of POPs effects. Evaluation of scales and significance of threat for peoples and environment, and also the social consequences for prevention of negative effects on workers and community 65 2.3.12 Information about existing evaluation system and lists of new chemical substances 70 2.3.13 Detailed data about existing assessment system and regulation of chemical substances, which are available in the market 71 3. ELEMENTS OF STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN OF THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 72 3.1 Political Statement for supporting of implementation commitments of Tajikistan on realization of Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants 72 3.2 Strategy of implementation 72 3.2.1 Principles of implementation 73 3.2.2. Approval of national priorities 74 3.2.3 Main principles of NIP realization 76 3.2.4 Mechanisms of the implementation strategy review 77 3.3 Activity, strategy and action plans 77 3.3.1 Activity: Legislative, institutional measures and measures on regulation strengthening 77 3.3.2 Activity: Measures on reduction and stopping of emission by intentional use 80 3.3.3 Activity: Production, import, export, use, storage and wastes of POPs-containing pesticides, included to Annex A, Part I 81 3.3.4 Activity: Production, import, export, use, revelation, labeling, removal, storage and elimination of PCB (chemical substances, included in Annex A, Part II) 84 3.3.5 Activity: Production, import, export, use, storage and wastes of DDT (chemical substances, included to Annex В), if they are used in the country 87 3.3.6 Activity: Register of concrete exemptions and necessary exemptions (Article 4) 88 3.3.7 Action Plan: measures on reduction of emission as a result of unintentional production (Article 5) 88 3.3.8 Strategy: measures on reduction of emission from storages and wastes (Article 6) 91 3.3.9 Activity: management of storages and appropriate measures on treatment and removal of used materials 92 3.3.10 Strategy: revelation of contaminated territories (with chemical substances, included to Annex А, В and С) and their ecologically safe management 93 3.3.11 Activity: revelation of contaminated territories (with chemical substances, included to Annex А, В and С) and their ecologically safe rehabilitation 93 3.3.12 Activity: Facilitation and establishment of information exchange and involvement of interested parties 94 3.3.13 Activity: Public awareness raising, information and education (Article 10) 96 3.3.14 Activity: research activities and monitoring (Article 11) 97 3.3.15 Activity: Assessment of efficiency (Article 16) 98 3.3.16 Activity: Reporting 98 3.3.17 Activity: Technical and financial assistance (Articles 12 and 13) 99 3.4 Recommendations and priorities in sphere of development and strengthening of capacity 100 3.5 Schedule of NIP implementation and measures for success achievement 101 3.6 Resources requirements 102 6 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 LIST OF ABBREXIATIONS 107 ANNEC 111 Аnnex 1: List of seminars, meetings and conferences on POPs problem with participation of representatives of the Republic of Tajikistan: 111 Аnnex 2: List of materials on public awareness raising 112 Аnnex 3: Additional information about persistent organic pollutants 113 Аnnex 4: Normative-legislative base of management and regulation 116 Аnnex 5: National Register of obsolete and forbidden pesticides (2005) 119 Аnnex 6: National Register on PCB-containing electro-technical equipment (2003) 120 Аnnex 7: National Register of dioxins and furans emission (2003) 129 7 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 RESUME The main issues of NIP NIP was elaborated on the base of Statement of Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 17-p from 3rd March 2003 “About approval of the Working Group on elaboration of Action Plan on reduction of use persistent organic pollutants in the Republic of Tajikistan” and the Memorandum, signed by UNEP and Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan on 4th September 2003 on elaboration of Proj ect “Enabling Activities for the Development of a National Plan for Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs in Tajikistan” by financial support of GEF. Purposes of NIP are: reduction of POPs ef fects on human health and environment, and also elimination of POPs-containing wastes in the Republic of Tajikistan (RT). NIP is the operative document, reflecting the structure of implementation of Stockholm Con vention in RT. NIP is the first step, directed to implementation of POPs priorities in RT. NIP was elaborated in accordance with re sults of initial inventory of POPs-related chemi cal substances, conducted in 2004-2005: obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including • POPs-containing ones; storage facilities of pesticides; electro-technical PCB-containing equip-• ment; emissions of unintentionally produced POPs • – dioxins and furans; POPs contaminated territories: agricultural • air-fields, pesticides burial places. In the NIP on Stockholm Convention of POPs Tajikistan are presented the POPs prob lems and the ways of their solution till the year 2028. Certain kinds of NIP activities are rather expensive. In this connection, the appropriate technical and financial support of National and International institutions is one the main condi tions of successful NIP realization. Commitments of the Republic of Tajikistan on NIP implementation: establishment of National Center on imple-• mentation of Stockholm Convention for inter-agency coordination of activities of all involved and interested parties; I. National Implementation Plan (NIP) on realization of Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants in the Republic of Tajikistan giving authorities to the group of POPs ex-• perts on assessment of projects and environ mental measures in accordance with corre sponding legislation of RT; conducting of scientific researches, moni-• toring and establishment of collaboration in sphere of POPs, their alternatives and po tential POPs with taking into consideration the limits of existing financial and technical resources; elaboration and inculcation of information • exchange methods for all involved and inter ested parties on national and international levels; rendering support in sphere of establishment • collaboration between public community and partners on all levels of chemicals’ manage ment and observation of chemical safety; supporting to the right-time and regular pro-• viding public community with information on POPs, their effects, and measures conducted by state and private bodies on minimization and elimination of POPs; dissemination of information about under-• taken measures on Convention realization, reflected in NIP, and about efficiency of these measures. NIP is not only the environmental document. In this Governmental document are clearly specified the responsibilities of all interested parties and partners. Such collaboration will allow reflecting the great interest and necessi ty of chemicals management, including POPs. Every partner should understand his task and be responsible for its implementation. Involve ment of various partners is the essential con dition for solution of POPs problem. Inclusion of NIP to the National Priorities; key issues. Initial purposes and requirements of resources. NIP is connected with strategy of sustainable development, and also it is the initial political instrument for elaboration of national programs on chemicals management; it should be inte grated to the policy of national development and environment protection of RT and to the strategy on Poverty Reduction. In accordance with elaborated “National Eco logical Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2006 – 2015” is planned to elaborate the Pro 8 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 gram on POPs monitoring and management. National Ecological strategy is connected with Project “National Strategy of development of the Republic of Tajikistan till 2015” and its sec tion “Ecological Sustainability”, which was ap proved by Government of RT and supported by international institutes for achievement of Millennium Development Goals by RT. The priority POPs problems, which should be solved in Tajikistan, are following: conduct ing of full-scale inventory of all POPs catego ries; improvement of legislation in sphere of chemical safety and establishment of mecha nism on its realization; creation of unique sys tem on POPs management; capacity building on POPs management. As to intentionally produced POPs, listed in Annex A, Part I of Convention, it is intended to stop the use and eliminate following pes ticides: aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, heptachlor, HCB and toxaphene. Use of PCB containing electro-technical equipment should be stopped by 2011; and ecologically safe re moval of PCB-containing fluids and PCB-con taining equipment (PCBs > 0,005 %) should be realized not later than 2013 (Annex А, Part II of Convention). DDT relates to chemical substances of lim ited use (Annex B of the Convention) – it is the chemical for elimination of carriers of hazardous diseases: malaria, encephalitis and plague. As to unintentionally produced POPs, it is intended to prevent or reduce emission of chemical substances, listed in Annex C, Part I of Convention. By inclusion of new POPs to A, B and C of Convention (Article 8) should be used the ap propriate mechanism in accordance with crite ria of new POPs selection, which are indicated in Annex D. For achievement of Convention’s purposes, the Party of Convention, which relates to the countries with economy in transition, has the right to receive the gratuitous and favorable financial support. Financial resources are allo cated for covering of agreed expenses for real ization of appropriate for the country measures: implementation of Stockholm Convention • commitments in accordance with priorities, specified in NIP, and program priorities, ap proved by Conference of Parties; strengthening of capacity on involvement of • high-skilled personnel of national and region al level. Republic Tajikistan (RT) corresponds to the requirements of the financial mechanism of the Convention. Ratification of Stockholm Convention by RT allows receiving the inter national financial, technological and informa tional resources. GEF is the financial mecha nism of Stockholm Convention. Strategic directions of NIP of the Stock holm Convention on POPs: 1. in sphere of POPs-containing pesticides: improvement of legislative and normative • base, regulating the management of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs containing ones; establishment of unique database on stor-• ages of POPs-containing pesticides. For this purpose, it is necessary to involve all inter ested ministries and agencies; to conduct the detailed inventory irrespective of property form of pesticides storage facilities, former agricultural air-fields, storages facilities of veterinary services; and to reveal new places of pesticides storing and burying; conducting of detailed examination of pesti-• cides burial places: hydro-geological research es; inventory of buried pesticides, including POPs-containing ones (on archive data). In case of necessity, pesticides should be ex tracted, repackaged and kept in special places till their ecologically safe elimination. Also, it is necessary to remediate the pesticides burial places accordingly to appropriate sanitary hygienic and ecological requirements; building of new and reconstruction of exist-• ing storage facilities for temporary storing (till destruction) of repackaged obsolete and for bidden pesticides in accordance with interna tional standards; organization of system on collection and • transportation of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs-containing ones, to the places of their temporary storing and elimination; assessment of existing technologies on de-• struction of hazardous wastes, including POPs-containing pesticides; determination of ways for destruction of ob-• solete and forbidden pesticides: to asses the possibilities for destruction of obsolete and forbidden pesticides by use of production facilities in Tajikistan; to realize the transportation of obsolete and forbidden pesticides to other countries, which have experience of such destruction and where is conducted the monitoring of dioxins and furans emission; 9 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 conducting of regular monitoring on revela-• tion of territories and economical objects, which are contaminated by POPs-containing pesticides; establishment of analytical laboratory on im-• plementation of program on POPs-contain ing pesticides monitoring in environmental components (soil, plants, water: surface and collector-drainage), food-stuff and bio-sub strates. 2. in sphere of PCBs: elaboration of legislative and normative-• methodical base, regulating PCBs manage ment; conducting of detailed inventory of electro-• technical equipment and PCB-containing/ contaminated wastes (on local and admin istrative levels) for establishment of unique database; preparation of schedule on decommissioning • of PCB-containing electro-technical equip ment in all enterprises irrespective of prop erty form and departmental belonging, which should be oriented on stopping use of this equipment by 2011; elaboration of strategy on purchasing import • alternative substances for replacing of PCBs in exploited electro-technical equipment; assessment and determination of place (re-• gion, enterprise) for temporary storing (till de struction) of decommissioned PCB-contain ing electro-technical equipment and wastes; organization of system on collection and • transportation of decommissioned PCB containing electro-technical equipment and wastes to the places of their destruction; determination of ways for destruction of PCB-• containing electro-technical equipment and wastes: destruction of PCB-containing electro-tech- nical equipment and wastes by use of pro duction facilities in Tajikistan; transportation of PCB-containing electro- technical equipment and wastes to other countries, which have experience of such destruction and where is conducted the monitoring of dioxins and furans emission; preparation of plan on elimination of PCB-• containing electro-technical equipment and wastes by 2012; establishment of analytical laboratory on im-• plementation of program on PCB monitoring in environmental components (soil, plants, water: surface and collector-drainage) and food-stuff. 3. in sphere of unintentionally produced POPs: elaboration of legislative and normative-me-• thodical base for regulation of unintentional ly-produced POPs (uPOPs) emissions; revelation and assessment of not registered • categories of uPOPs emissions; inculcation of BAT and BEP for reduction • of uPOPs emissions in the sector of medi cal wastes elimination and by uncontrolled combustion of solid municipal wasted in the open air; rendering support to BAT and BEP imple-• mentation in sphere of: sources in framework of categories, speci- fied in Part II Annex C and sources, which are specified in Part III Annex C of the Con vention; and new sources in framework of categories, specified in Part III Annex C, which are de fined as requiring measures in the limits of Action Plan; Revelation of “hot spots”.• 4. in sphere of POPs in storages and wastes: elaboration of legislative and normative-me-• thodical base for realization of ecologically safe management of storages, wastes, obso lete productions, which contain POPs or are contaminated with POPs. observation of safe, effective and ecologi-• cally reasonable management of POPs stor ages, undertaking all appropriate measures by their collection, treatment, transportation and storing; elaboration and realization of appropriate • strategy on revelation of POPs-containing storages and wastes and on revelation of POPs-contaminated territories; elaboration of proper system for manage-• ment of medical wastes and solid municipal wastes; removal of wastes by the methods, which • would guarantee that available in them POPs will be destroyed or irreversible transformed, i.e. they should not have POPs properties; or they should be removed by another ecologi cally safe method; the wastes shouldn’t be removed by meth-• ods, which can lead to recuperation, recy cling, utilization, direct re-use or alternative use of POPs; to prevent transition of wastes trough state • borders without observation of international rules, standards and approved principles. 10 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1. INTRODUCTION POPs are included to the special group of or ganic chemicals, representing various classes of combinations with hazardous biological prop erties and steadiness in environment. This ele ments and combinations are characterized by good solubility in fats and low solubility in water; they are destroyed very slowly by natural fac tors, and they can accumulate in eco-systems, influencing on them extremely unfavorably. Mostly, POPs are accumulated biologically in the upper trophic levels in such concentrations, which negatively effect both on peoples and environment. Moreover, POPs are moved to the long distances and may be revealed in the regions, where they never produced or used. Even in small quantities, POPs may destroy the normal biological functions; they may be trans mitted to next generations; that is why it is the real threat for human health and environment. POPs problem is the new one for Republic of Tajikistan, so there is lack of public information concerning use of these chemicals in economi cal sector, concerning their emission to the at mosphere and their effects on human health and environment. These data either never col lected, or didn’t publish on some reasons. POPs problem is now of a global significance because POPs are spread all over the world; so the priority task of humankind is to reduce POPs emissions in all regions including Arctic and international waters. During last years, the POPs risk is the reason of growing concerns in many countries of the world. It led to the plan ning and acceptance of measures on protec tion of human health and environment on na tional, regional and international measures. Stockholm Convention on POPs. Interna tional Agreement on POPs Tajikistan, which was called “Stockholm Convention on per sistent organic pollutants”, was accepted and opened for signing in Stockholm, Sweden, on 22nd – 23rd May 2001. Stockholm Convention on POPs came into force on 17th May 2004 after its signing by 50 countries. At the end 2006, 152 countries signed and 130 countries ratified the Conven tion. CIS countries, who signed the Conven tion are: Kazakhstan (2001), Ukraine (2001) and Russian Federation (2002); who ratified the Convention are: Armenia and Azerbaijan (2003), Belarus and Moldova (2004), Georgia and Kyrgyzstan (2006). The First Conference of Parties was conducted in Uruguay (Puenta del Este city) from 2nd to 6th May 2005. The Second Conference of Parties was conducted in Switzerland (Geneva). Republic Tajikistan (RT) signed the Conven tion on 22nd May 2002. On 6th December 2006, Tajikistan ratified the Stockholm Convention on POPs (Statement of Majlisi Namoyandagon Majlisi Oli (Parliament of RT) No. 417). Instru ment of Ratification was received by UN Secre tary General, who is the authorized person, on 8th February 2007 (Registration No. C/ N/ 191/ 2007/ TREATIES-4). The convention came into force in RT on 9th May 2007 in accordance with Article 26 (2) of convention. To the list of Stockholm Convention were included 12 toxic substances, the most haz ardous for human health and environment: chlorine-containing pesticides – aldrin, diel drin, endrin, mirex, chlordane, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, DDT, toxaphene (Annex A, B); industrial POPs: polychlorinated biphe nyls (PCBs) (Annex A), PCDD (dioxins) and PCDF (furans) (Annex C), in elimination of which the majority of countries are interested. Purposes of Convention. Stockholm Con vention on POPs in the main achievements of international society. The main purpose of Convention is protec tion of human health and environment from POPs effects, the achievement of which will be possible if following tasks will be solved: liquidation or reduction of hazardous POPs, • beginning from 12 the most toxic combina tions; supporting to transition to the more safe al-• ternative substances; revelation of additional POPs for undertaking • of appropriate measures elimination of old POPs-containing storages • and equipment; establishment of collaboration for POPs-free • future. Stockholm Convention on POPs includes following measures: reduction and removal of emissions, as a • result of intentional production and use (Ar ticle 3); Introduction 11 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 reduction and removal of emissions, as a re-• sult of unintentional production and use (Ar ticle 5); reduction and removal of emissions, con-• nected with storages and wastes (Article 6); elaboration of strategies on revelation of terri-• tories, contaminated with chemical substanc es of Annexes A, B and C) (Article 6); inclusion of new chemical substances to An-• nexes A, B and c (Article 8); information exchange (Article 9);• public awareness raising (Article 10);• conducting of scientific researches and moni-• toring (Article 11); rendering of technical support and mecha-• nisms of financing (Article 12, 13); submission information to the Confer-• ences of Parties about undertaken measures on realization of the Convention’s provisions (Article 15). Key provisions of the Convention. In the Article 3 and Annexes A and B are specified the responsibilities of the Parties: prohibition and/or acceptance of legislative • and/or administrative measures on stopping import and use of chemicals, listed in Annex A. By the moment of coming the Convention into force, the Annex A includes following chemicals: aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, en drin, heptachlor, HCB, mirex, toxaphene, and PCBs; reduction of production and use of chemicals, • listed in Annex B accordingly to provisions of this Annex. The only chemical, specified in Annex B on the moment of coming Conven tion into force, is DDT; prohibition and/or acceptance of legislative • and/or administrative measures, which are necessary for reduction of import and export of chemicals, listed in Annex A accordingly to paragraph 2, where is specified condi tions when import and export are allowed, for example: every Party should guarantee that chemicals of Annexes A and B would be imported for such purposes, which are not harmful for environment, in accordance with paragraph 1(d) Article 6; and for purposes, permitted by Parties accordingly to Annexes A and B of the Convention. Activities, conducted in the Republic of Tajikistan (RT) on POPs problem solution. With the purpose to implement work on real ization of Stockholm Convention on POPs in RT, GEF granted the financial sum in amount USD 500 000. In January 2004, the implemen tation of GEF/UNEP Project “Enabling Activi ties for the Development of a National Plan for Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs in Tajikistan” started. In 2006 this project was completed. The main purpose of project was in assessment of POPs situation in Tajikistan and in elaboration of NIP on real ization of Stockholm Convention on POPs in Tajikistan. In the NIP are presented measures, which were determined by republic for implementa tion of its commitments in framework of the convention, and in particular: establishment of national institutional system on regulation of POPs treatment by means of corresponding administrative, economical, informational and other instruments; on elimination of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs containing ones; on revelation and manage ment of POPs-containing wastes; on revela tion of POPs sources in the country. NIP will contribute to inclusion of POPs problem to the plans and strategies, which are intended on development of social, economical and indus trial sectors in the country. Commitments of RT, as the Party of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. After rati fication of the Stockholm Convention, RT ob tained the status of Party of this Convention. As the Party of Convention, Republic Tajiki stan is dealing with following: elaboration and realization of NIP in accor-• dance with provisions of Stockholm Conven tion; submission of NIP to the Conferences of Par-• ties in one year from the date of the coming Convention into force in the country; appointment of the Focal Point on Stockholm • Convention on POPs in RT; regular submission of reports to the Confer-• ences of Parties about implementation of Convention’s provisions, and about effective ness of undertaken measures; elaboration of law on POPs and improvement • of existing legislative and normative-methodi cal acts on POPs management; periodical review and updating of NIP in ac-• cordance with procedure, determined by Conference of Parties; undertaking measures on reduction or elimi-• nation of emissions from anthropogenic sources on every of all chemical substances, listed in Annex C of the Convention, for their constant reduction and, where it will be pos sible, their complete stopping; Introduction 12 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 undertaking measures on reduction and liq-• uidation of storages and wastes, containing chemical substances listed either in Annex A or Annex B of the Convention, including obsolete productions, which became wastes and contain or are contaminated with chemi cal substances listed in Annexes A, B and C; in case of necessity and in accordance with • special procedure on inclusion of additional POPs to the list, RT is submitted to the Sec retariat its suggestions about inclusion of what-ever substance to the Annex A, B, and/ or C of the Convention, including identifica tion data on this chemical substance and information on selection criteria: resistance, bio-accumulation, ability of transference on long distance in environment and unfavor able consequences; realization of information exchange with Con-• ference Parties in sphere of reduction and elimination of production, use and emissions POPs and POPs alternatives, including in formation, connected with POPs risks and socio-economical expenses, and also estab lishment of National Coordination Center for exchange of such information; rendering support to the process of aware-• ness raising of public community and state officials in sphere of POPs problem; in framework of country’s capacity, render-• ing support to and/or realization of scientific researches, monitoring and collaboration in sphere of POPs, their alternatives and poten tial POPs, on national and international level. Mechanism, used for conducting of POPs inventory. Methodology of conducting inventory of POPs-related pesticides. The organization of obsolete and forbidden POP-containing pes ticides was following: On the base of letter of the state Committee on environment Protec tion and Forestry (SCEP&F) from 30.07.04 No. 809/1-8, the Government of RT issued the Statement No. 60384(19-3) from 10.08.04 about inventory of obsolete and forbidden POP-containing pesticides. For implementa tion of Governmental Statement, SCEP&F issued the Order No. 132 from 03.09.2004 “About conducting of inventory storage facili ties for obsolete and forbidden pesticides”. For conducting of inventory of obsolete and forbidden POP-containing pesticides, Chair man of SCEP&F prepared and approved fol lowing documents: “Technical Manual on con ducting inventory and identification of obsolete and forbidden POP-containing pesticides”, “Instruction on conducting inventory of POP containing pesticides” and “Manual on safety measures and private hygiene during con ducting inventory and taking samples of pesti cides, soil and plants”. In these documents are presented the general principles of conducting inventory of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, and also the inventory reporting forms. Methodology of conducting PCB inventory. Organization of PCBs and PCB-containing inventory was following: On the base of letter of the SCEP&F from 30.07.04 No. 809/1-8, Government of RT issued the Statement No. 60384(19) from 10.08.04, obliging Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Econ omy and Trade, Ministry of Agriculture, State Statistics Committee, Tajik Railway Station, State Air-Company “Tajikistan”, Tajik Alumi num Factory, State Enterprise “Vostokredmed” to conducting inventory of fluids and PCB-con taining electro-technical equipment (transform ers and capacitors). For implementation of this Statement were issued the Order of Ministry of Energy No. 219 from 03.09.04 and Order of Ministry of industry No. 119 from 19.11.04. Min istry of Energy submitted the request Ministry of Defense of Republic Tajikistan and 201st Military Division of Russian Federation in RT. For conducting of inventory of PCBs and PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and materials was prepared “Manual on in ventory of industrial POPs” and Annex to this Manual. Annex contains the information about main physic-mathematical and toxicologi cal properties of PCBs, about trade names of PCB-containing materials, about models of PCB-containing transformers and capacitors, about sectors of their use, and about possible objects of PCBs and PCB-containing materials availability. POPs problems in Tajikistan. Tajikistan never produced the chemical substances for combat of agricultural pests and weeds, and also PCBs and PCB-containing equipment. The main sources of contamination environ ment with POPs are following: obsolete and forbidden POPs-containing pesticides; POPs containing electro-technical equipment; tech nological processes in the industry, including combustion of fossil fuel and woods, stipulating unintentional production of PCDD and PCDF. The most significant POPs group, which use should be forbidden or reduced, is organochlo ric pesticides (OCP). Excluding HCB, which Introduction 13 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 was used as fungicide, other pesticides were used as insecticides (endrin was used also as zoocide). Some of these substances were used in veterinary. Nowadays, in the economical sec tor of economy in RT there is a problem of ob solete and forbidden pesticides elimination. The condition of majority of pesticides stor age facilities doesn’t correspond to sanitary hygienic requirements: aleak roofs, lack of doors and windows and etc, and it is the seri ous threat for human health and environment. The current condition of existing Vahshski and Kanibadamski pesticides burial places, where about 10,5 thousand tons of pesticides are buried, including 40% of organochloric pesticides and 3,1 thousand tons of DDT, don’t correspond to standard requirements. The problem on extraction and destruction or re-burying pesticides with their preliminary re package is very sharp. The special attention should be paid to elim ination of pesticides’ containers, which are available in burial places. During inventory, it was revealed that in storage facilities there is rather small quantity of empty pesticides’ containers. The great number of empty 5 – 10 liters containers is used by population for do mestic needs and then they are thrown to the municipal dumps or to other places, which are not intended for such kinds of wastes. During initial inventory were revealed 13 transformers and 3 thousands capacitors con taining PCBs. The part of PCB-containing elec tro-technical equipment was decommissioned, but the conditions of its storing don’t correspond to the special requirements. This equipment is storing on the industrial territories without any precautionary measures; that is why it is poten tially dangerous in case of its depressurization. The preliminary assessment of emissions of unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins and furans) showed that main sources of formation these substances in republic are: enterprises on production and processing of metals, pro duction of electric power and thermal energy and uncontrolled combustion. Country information 2. COUNTRY INFORMATION 2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION Map 2.1.1.1 Republic Tajikistan, Administrative Map 14 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 2.1.1. Geography and population The Republic of Tajikistan is situated in the southern part of Central Asia between 360 40' and 410 05' of north latitude and 670 31' and 750 14' of east longitude. The territory of Tajiki stan is 143 100. The area of Tajikistan is 143 100 km2. The area stretches West-East for 700 km, and North-South for 350 km. The total length of the Tajik boundaries is 3000 km. The boarder with Kyrgyzstan is 630 km, with Uz bekistan – 910 km, with China – 430 km, and with Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 1030 km. Peculiarities of frontiers’ regime with neighbor ing states – members of NIS and difficulties of relief on some frontier parts stipulate the pos sibilities for illegal import of forbidden agricul tural preparations, including POPs, to Tajiki stan. In the markets of republic there is a free sale of “Dust”, may be that under this name is sold DDT and HCH, because the Customs Services haven’t any data concerning import of these substances; this factor confirms that these preparations are imported to the repub lic illegally. RT includes following administrative re gions: GBAO (7 districts and 1 city), Sugd re gion (12 districts and 6 cities), Hatlon region (21 districts and 5 cities), RRS (13 regions of republican subordination) and Dushanbe city – the capital. Natural and historical conditions stipulated the great unevenness in distribution of population on the territory of republic. More than 85% of population is concentrated in the regions till 1500 – 1800 m over the sea level. The Tien-Shan, Gissaro-Alai and Pamir moun tain systems cover about 93% of territory. The absolute height points are from 300 to 7405 m. Valleys and inter-mountain cavities are the main places, where settlements and agricul tural fields are located. Density of population is here over 200 peoples per 1 km2 (Gissar skaya and Vahshskaya Valleys, northern re gions of the country); density of population in the capital of republic is over 4 000 peoples per 1 km2. In the mountainous regions of re public, the density of population is about 4 – 10 peoples per 1 km2. The less populated ter ritory of the country is Eastern Pamir, where density of population is less that 1 person per 1 km2. Nowadays, the av erage density of population in Tajikistan is 48,8 peoples per 1 km2. Total number of population of RT is 7,0 mil lions peoples (2006), including 73,5% of rural population. Average number of family-mem bers in rural localities – is 6,5 peoples; in ur ban localities – 4,5 peoples. Average size of farmer’s plots is about 21 ha. Distribution of population in 4 main regions and capital is fol lowing: Hatlon region – 35,1%; Sugd region – 30,5%, RRS – 22%; Dushanbe 9,2% and GBAO – 3,4%. Average age of population in Tajikistan is 22,9 years. Number of population under 15 years is 42,7%; number of children under 9 years is more that 30%. The most vulnerable part of population for POPs effects are children under 14 years, whose number in Tajikistan is about 5,3%, and peoples of pensionable age – 5,3%. Correlation of women and men is al most equal – 50,5. In accordance with index, determined yearly by UN, Tajikistan is on the 122nd place (2005) among examined states. Climatic conditions of Tajikistan depend closely on its orographic conditions. Tajikistan is located in the most northern part of subtropi cal zone of our planet. The peculiarity of Tajiki stan’s geographical location is in the fact that it is located in the middle of Euro-Asia continent, far from open seas and oceans, i.e. there is no way to the sea; that is why climate is pro nounced continental, characterized by sharp seasonal and daily changes of meteorologi cal elements – significant seasonal and daily fluctuations in air-temperature; intensiveness of solar radiation; dryness of air and small cloudiness. Average annual temperature is in the limits from +17,2 0С (Shaartuz city, RRS) to -1,1 0С (Murgab, Eastern Pamir). Territory of Tajikistan is divided into 2 big cli matic zones: Front-Asian and Central-Asian, which are characterized by various annual vol ume of precipitation. Average annual norm of precipitations is from 73 mm in Eastern Pamir to 1500 mm and more in southern mountain side of Gissar mountain range. Total duration of solar radiance in Tajikistan varies from 2097 to 3166 hours per year. Aver age annual number of radiation is 151 – 176 large calorie/cm2. Due to cloudiness and mountainous relief, the real duration of solar radiance is 50 – 70% from potentially pos sible. Climatic characteristics of Tajikistan contrib ute to increasing of contamination environ mental components with POPs, and also they stipulate their transmission to the long distanc es from the sources of emission, especially in period of dust storms. Country information 15 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Tajikistan is the large center of Central Asian glaciation. The total territory of glaciers is 8,4 km2, it is 6% of all territory of the coun try. The main volumes of ice are concentrated in mountains of West Pamir. Glaciers – is the great richness of Tajikistan, because it is not only depository of waters, but also the regu lator of river flow and climate. Researches of last years, conducted in high-mountainous ecological systems of Northern America and Himalaya Mountains, confirmed the availabili ty of higher POPs levels in various elements of these systems, including glaciers. Glaciers are the natural “cold” traps for POPs and, simul taneously, channels for their quick transmis sion to the river systems, because the forming water from melted snow usually has not the direct contact with sorbent soils. Combination of climatic conditions in Tajikistan, including availability of south-western air-currents with significant vertical amplitude is the favorable condition for accumulation of POPs in high mountainous lakes of Pamir. In republic there are 947 rivers, length of which is more than 10 km. The main part of river-system in Tajikistan relates to the river basins of main rivers in Central Asia – Amu Darya and Syr Darya, flowing to Aral Sea. It is one of the ways for transmission POPs be yond Tajikistan by water, and it contributes to POPs concentration in some without-flow ter ritories of Central Asia. 2.1.2. Political and economical profile of the country . The independency of the Republic of Ta jikistan (RT) was declared on 9th September 1991. In 1992, Tajikistan was admitted to UN. Accordingly to Article 1 of the Constitution, the republic of Tajikistan is sovereign, demo cratic, jural and unitary state. The Head of State is President. State authority consists of 3 branches: 1. Executive authority; 2. Legislative authority; 3. Judicial authority. Executive authority. In Tajikistan is accepted the President system of governing. President, in accordance with Constitution of RT, is simul taneously the Head of State and the Head of the Government. President is the guarantor of Constitution and laws, he determines the state policy, in cluding environmental issues; he approves the state programs; he coordinates the functioning and interconnections of state bodies and con trols the observation of international agree General information Map 2.1.1.2 Average Annual Quantities of Precipitations 16 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 ments; he accepts the Statements, approves economical guidelines and limits of nature re sources use, determines the size of taxes for nature resources use and for contamination of environment. President has the right to issue orders and decrees on all social issues. Government of RT is the guarantor of ef fective implementation of laws, Statements of Majlisi Oli, Orders and Decrees of the Presi dent, including distribution of functions be tween members of government: ministers and chairmen of state committees. Legislative authorities. In accordance with the Article 48 of the Constitution: Majlisi Oli – Parliament of RT is the higher representative and legislative body of RT. Majlisi Oli consists of Majlisi Milli and Majlisi namoyandagon. There are 5 committees in Majlisi Milli, in cluding Committees on agricultural issues, employment and ecology, social issues, health care, culture, and also on women’s and youth policies in society. Majlisi Namoyandagon accepts the legisla tive acts, determines the regime of govern mental bodies’ activities, including agencies on nature resources use and protection. Ma jlisi Namoyandagon approves the Decrees of the President of RT, ratifies and denounces the international agreements, including en vironmental issues. There is the Committee in structure of Majlisi Namoyandagon, which controls the social, family, health care and eco logical issues. The competence of this Com mittee covers legislative initiative, preparation and agreement of legislative drafts in sphere of environmental issues regulation, including handling with pesticides and other harmful chemical substances, and also the issues of nature resources use. Judicial authority. Judicial authority is re alized in Tajikistan by Constitutional Court, supreme Court, Higher economical Court, Military Court, Court of GBAO, and regional, cities’ and districts’ courts. Main economical indicators. In last years, following factors had the positive influence on socio-economical development of the country: expedition of economical reforms realization, directed on further macro-economical stability, on increasing role and significance of private sector in economy, on strengthening of struc tural reforms in capital construction, agriculture and other economical branches, on improve ment of industrial policy, including creation of favorable conditions for producers’ access to material and technical resources and optimi zation of taxation; realization of administrative reforms and development programs in social sphere. In 2005, the macro-economical grows was registered almost in all economical branches. In 2005, the GDP in existing prices of corre sponding years was 7206,6 millions somoni; in 2004 - 6167,2 millions somoni, in 2003 4761,4 millions somoni. In per capita calcula tion, in 2005 GDP increased at 14,4% in com parison with 2004. Country information Macro-economical indicator Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Gross Domestic Product, growth rate in % to the previous year 83,3 101,7 105,3 103,7 108,3 109,6 110,8 111,0 110,3 106,7 GDP per capita, in UsD 183,9 158,7 221,8 178,2 158,0 171,2 190,0 236,7 309,6 337,5 Investments to the main capital, in millions of somoni 26,6 67,5 68,3 122,5 108,6 194,8 206,9 318,4 592,0 682,5 Gross output of agriculture; growth rate in % to the previous year 94,0 97,5 100,9 100,9 112,6 106,6 116,8 109,0 111,3 101,6 Gross output of industry; in % 76,1 98,0 108,2 105,6 109,9 115,0 108,4 109,9 115,1 110,4 Capital investment to environment protection and rational nature resources use in current prices; thousands of somoni 152,0 169,0 179,0 148,0 1344,0 1159,0 733, 539 16715 12109 Main macro-economical indicators of socio-economical development of RT Source of information: Statistics Year-Book of the Republic Tajikistan (Official issue), 1991-2005, Dushanbe city. 17 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Increasing of GDP growth rate was stipulat ed by stabilization of exchange rate of national currency, control of state finances balance, strengthening of currency system and stimula tion of external trade sector. 2.1.3 Profile of economical sector. Agriculture. Tajikistan is the agrarian-indus trial republic; the territory of agricultural fields is about 901,1 thousand ha, including about 300 thousand ha used for main culture - cot ton. About 1,7 millions ha belong to the State Forestry Fond. The irrigated fields are used intensively; the receiving of two harvests of crops and vegetables per year, 5 – 8 harvests of lucerne is a common practice; also the sub covering and combined cultures. In Tajikistan, development of agriculture and, first of all, cotton-growing, is closely connected with use of pesticides for combating agricultural pests, plant diseases and weeds. Agro-climatic con ditions of republic are favorable for quick re production and development of many agricul tural pests. Besides, the high level of various plant diseases is registered. Agricultural crops are affected by weeds, especially in irrigated zones, where their seeds are brought in great number with irrigation water. It was determined, that potential losses of harvest by low efficien cy of protective measures are near 30%. Agriculture is the main economical sector in Tajikistan, forming 24,2 GDP (2003). In this sector are employed about 67% of workable population; here is produces about 11% of ex port productions. Almost 1/3 of population lives in rural localities, and agriculture is the main work in life of these peoples. Agriculture has its negative effects on environment; excessive ir rigation, wrong use and storing of agricultural chemicals are the reason of significant ecologi cal problems, i.e. contamination of soil, subsoil and surface waters, and also other environmen tal components. Till 90th years of the last centu ry, the annual delivery of pesticides to Tajikistan exceeded the real demand, and it was the rea son of their accumulation in storage facilities. Agrarian sector, as the whole economy in Tajikistan, experienced the serious economical crisis in first half of 90th years. However, be ginning from 1998 started the gradual growth and rehabilitation of this sector: in 1996, the volume of agricultural gross output was 52,3 % from the level of 1991; in 2001 – 62,3%; in 2003 – 79,3%; and in 2005 – 89,7%. In 2003, agricultural gross output on all cate gories was 2215,69 millions somoni (in current prices); in comparison with 2002 it increased at 9,0%. The main agricultural product in Tajikistan is cotton, by growing of which were used signifi cant volumes of various chemicals, including preparations for plants protection. Assortment of pesticides included more that 80 kinds of preparation with various chemical composi tions: organochloric (aldrin, hexachloroben zene, heptachlor, dieldrin, DDT, toxaphene, chlordane and endrin), phosphorus-organic, mercury-containing and others. Pesticides were used unreasonably wide, with involvement of agricultural air-planes; the repetition factor in republic was 10 times, and it led not only to contamination of environment but also to destruction of balance between harmful and useful insects in agro-ecological system. Tajikistan never had and hasn’t now any en terprise for production of pesticides. All agricul tural chemicals for plants protection are deliv ered from other countries. During period from 1950 to 2003, the volume of imported to RT pesticides was 710 thousand tons. At the end of 80th years, total volume of used pesticides all over republic was about 12 – 15 kg per day for 1 ha of agricultural field and pe rennial plants. In some districts of Hatlon region this indicator exceeded the average figures 1,5 – 2 times, and in certain households it reached 50 kg per ha (“Vahsh” farm, Vahshski district). Intensive use of pesticides in republic pre determined the contamination of environment with residuals of used pesticides. As a result of restructurings in agricultural sector and in economical sector of republic in whole, the use of pesticides is significantly re duced. However, the consequences of ecologi cal damages are now obvious on local level, especially in places, where obsolete and for bidden pesticides are storing. Special anxiety is stipulated by unsatisfactory keeping of pesticides, including POPs-contain ing ones, which leads to significant contami nation of environment. In Tajikistan was never conducted any assessment of risk, connected with storages and wastes of pesticides, espe cially POPs-containing ones. In many cases, the exact location and condition of contaminat ed territories is absolutely unknown. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to improve the programs of monitoring and elimination of ob solete and forbidden pesticides for prevention of serious ecological problems in future. Nowadays, the state agricultural policy is General information 18 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 directed for increasing of production, i.e. in creasing of agricultural productivity. It may be reached not only by development of marginal lands, enlargement of irrigated territories and strengthening of their use intensiveness, but also by increasing application of chemical fer tilizers and agricultural pesticides. Industry. In Tajikistan, beginning from sec ond half of 20th century it was observed the intensive development of mining industry on extraction of silver, mercury, antimony, lead, gold, and also on processing of rare-earth ele ments. In structure of existing industry the non ferrous metallurgy predominates. In 1975, Tajik Aluminum Factory was placed in operation; it was one of the largest factories on aluminum production in the former USSR. The share of non-ferrous metallurgy in total volume of pro duction in 2003 was 44,6%; in 2004 – 46,0%; in 2006 – 42,1%. Also in Tajikistan is developed machine building, chemical, cotton-processing, light and food industry (diagram 2.1.3.1). Contribution of industry to the GDP in 2003 was 30,0%. Country information 8% 44% 22% 15% 7% 2% 1% 1% Electro-Energetic Ferrous Metallurgy Chemical and Oil-Chemical Industry on Building Materials Light Food Production of flour and cereals Others Diagram 2.1.3.1 Industrial structure of Republic Tajikistan (2003) The building industry developed rather quick ly. There are in republic 19 brick-works (in 2003 were produced 32,5 million pieces of bricks; in 2004 – 33,1; in 2005 – 45,9); several large en terprises on production of building materials. In Dushanbe city are functioning factories on pro duction of asphalt, bricks and cement – there is here is the single factory in republic, which productive capacity is 1100 thousand tons of cement per year (in 2003 were produced 166,3 thousand tons; in 2004 – 193,6 tons, in 2005 – 251,1 thousand tons); Building Materials En terprise (“KSM”) produces soft roof coverings, asbestos-cement sheets; Heat and Power Plant and so on. The main industrial sources of contamina tion environment with POPs are the machine building, textile, chemical and petrochemical enterprises, and also non-ferrous metallurgy, processing of heavy metals, Fuel-and-Energy Complex and enterprises of building sector. The share of above-mentioned enterprises in total volume of pollutants’ emissions from sta tionary sources is about 88%. The tendency of more intensive growth (15 - 40%), in compari son with average industrial growth (15%), is observed in building industry and non-ferrous industry, which are the sources of significant emissions of unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins and furans) in RT. Accordingly to data of State statistics Com mittee, in 2003, 2004 and 2005, the industrial enterprises used 120,8 thousand tons; 10,5 millions m3 and 16,3 millions m3 of natural gas correspondingly. Consumption of coal in 2003, 2004 and 2005 was 0,2 thousand tons, 15,4 thousand tons and 4,8 thousand tons corre spondingly; and consumption of black oil - 11,9 thousand tons, 23,5 thousand tons and 19,4 thousand tons correspondingly. Combustion of these fossil fuels is entailed by formation of unintentionally produced POPs. Following fac 19 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 tors stipulate the suppositions that in nearest years the emissions of unintentionally produced POPs will be not decreased: growth of industrial production, especially in such sectors, where as the source of thermal energy are used coal, black oil or natural gas: building industry, fer rous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and also using of biomass for cooking and heating of houses. energy. Tajikistan has not a big amount of fossil fuel. Altogether in republic, 18 deposits of oil and gas and about 40 deposits of coal are explored and registered. Nowadays, in ac cordance with calculations, the coal production is not effective. In 2003, the coal production was 46,5 thousand tons; gas production 32,8 millions m3, and oil production (including gas condensate) – 17,7 thousand tons. Development of atomic energy in republic is problematically due to high seismicity of the re gion and other important conditions. At the same time, Tajikistan has the great re sources in sphere of hydro-energy, which are distributed all over the territory of republic prac tically equally. Tajikistan takes the 8th place in the world on their volume, and 1st – 2nd place on their share (per capita and on the unit of terri tory). Share of Tajikistan in hydro-potential of our planet is about 4%. The share of hydro-energy in general structure of energy resources in Ta jikistan is about 95%. The total annual potential resources of hydro-energy in republic are more than 527 billions kilowatt; so the hydro-energy is the main electro-energy branch of the country. Availability of great hydro-power resources determined the direction of energy devel opment in republic, and namely, building of hydro-power-stations (HPS); the total installed capacity of HPS is 4070 thousands kilowatt. The above-mentioned factor allowed placing in Tajikistan such power-consuming enterprises as Yavanski Electro-chemical Plant and Tajik Aluminum Factory, which are the sources of dioxins and furans, and also the users of PCB containing electro-technical equipment. Municipal sector. The certain share of POPs emissions, including dioxins and furans, to the atmosphere of urbanized territories relates to enterprises of municipal sector and domestic heating systems of cities and settlements of the republic. The effectiveness of purification measures in municipal sector is near 60%; and in the private sector there are practically no any purification measures. Accordingly to the State Statistics Committee data, energy-car riers consumption in municipal sector in 2003 was following: coal - 0,284 thousand tons of standard coal; natural gas - 447,6 thousand tons of standard coal; oil products (black oil) 0,096 thousand tons of standard coal. In 2003, for covering of populations’ demand was deliv ered 242, 6 millions m3 of natural gas. Municipality, as the institutions of social sec tor (educational, health care, culture institutions and so on), usually have not their own switching stations; the are on the balance of local bodies or large industrial enterprises. Electro-technical equipment, filled in with PCB-containing fluids, practically is not used in social and municipal sectors of republic, excluding Enterprise “Sha bakahoi Barki sh. Dushanbe”, where the ca pacitors of КСО-0,38-12,5 type are used. Transport. Transport in Republic Tajikistan is the integral part of its economy – it is the main element of infrastructure and the most impor tant branch of national economy. Geographi cal peculiarities of Tajikistan, where mountains occupy about 93% of territory and absolute heights vary from 300 to 7 495 m, stipulated the transportation of peoples and loads, main ly, by vehicles. The total length of highways is about 30,0 thousand km. During last 15 years, the role of railway and air transport in repub lic decreased significantly; the use of vehicles increased: more than 84% of all loads trans portation and 68,4% of peoples transportation inside of country are realized by vehicles. The source of unintentionally produced POPs in the process of vehicles exploitation is the ad mixture of dichloroethane to the petrol. Burnt gases of internal-combustion engines contain small number of dioxins and furans – 30 – 540 picogram per 1 km by use of petrol with ad mixture of tetraethyl- and tetra-methyl-lead; but their concentration may be found along the roads with intensive traffic. Soil and water in wayside channels and land plots adjoining to the railway, also may be con taminated with dioxin-lake combinations. General information Photo 2.1.3.1 Dushanbe, Rudaki Avenue. 20 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 2.1.4. Review of environment. After obtaining of independence, in the re public started to form actively the new ecologi cal policy oriented on strengthening of environ mental legislation, expansion of international collaboration and participation in solution of global ecological problems, including realiza tion of Stockholm Convention on POPs. The problem of contamination environment with POPs in republic is connected with agri culture, industry, development of transport sec tor, and also with consumption of fossil fuels and agricultural wastes for production of ther mal energy and electricity for covering of public needs. Chemicals, used in agriculture, are accu mulated in environmental components (soil, water, plants) and foodstuff. Chemical sub stances, which are used in various economi cal sectors and are able to accumulate in envi ronment, have the wide diapason of use; they may contaminate during whole life cycle of pro duction, i.e. from the moment of raw material purchasing till final processing and removal of wastes. The factual emissions, concentrations and types of effects on eco-systems, animate nature and human health vary in dependence of chemicals’ kinds. Substances of POPs group may contaminate the environment as a result of their purposive use, for example, as pesticides (aldrin, toxa phene, DDT and others), as contaminating ad mixtures in other products, or as side products of industrial processes (for example: dioxins and furans). Transmission to the long distances and trans-border spreading of POPs means that these substances pose a threat not only for one country, but also for countries located far away from the sources of contamination. Other important ecological problem is accu mulation of great number of obsolete and for bidden pesticides. The condition of storage fa cilities for these chemicals in RT often doesn’t correspond to the standard requirements. The reasons of accumulation forbidden and obsolete pesticides are not effective manage ment systems of storing and sale-market, lack of appropriate normative structures, low quality of packaging, purchasing of exceeding numbers of production, and also prohibition for use. Elimination of obsolete and forbidden pesti cides is difficult due to lack of information on their quantity and location, and also due to lack of appropriate financial and technical means. To the main sources of emissions pesticides to the atmosphere relate the territories in Ta jikistan, where the excessive use of pesticides for 1 unit of agricultural field was observed – kg of reactant per ha (map 2.1.4.1). The major ity of organochloric pesticides, which are toxic themselves, are contaminated with chlorinated dioxins and furans, the control of which was never conducted. Map 2.1.4.1 Use of pesticides (reactant) per ha of irrigated agricultural fields (without fellow lands, hayfields and pastures) Country information 21 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 The observations of availability DDT and its metabolites, aldrin, heptachlor and HCH in soils, water and plants for the period from 1985 to 1995 confirm the tendency of graduate de creasing of contamination level. The analogi cal researches in sphere of other organochloric pesticides (OCP) in RT were never conducted formerly and are not conducted in present time. Influence of OCP on peoples and environ ment in Tajikistan has its peculiarities. They are determined by high temperature of air and soil, increasing evaporation of pesticides. That is why, the organochloric pesticides are the factor of contamination soil, open water reservoirs, foodstuff of vegetative and animal origin, so they pose the serious threat for human health. Negative socio-economical consequences of environmental degradation have not equal ef fects on population groups; the most vulnera ble are non-protected social groups. Ecological factors stipulate the appearance or strengthen ing of problems on al levels, and especially in rural districts. 2.2. POLITICAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATIvE PRINCIPLES. 2.2.1. Environmental policy, policy on sustainable development and general leg islative principles. From the moment of independence declara tion, the environmental policy of Republic Tajiki stan is developed accordingly to the legislative and regulatory acts. From year to year, the posi tive changes in socio-economical sphere of re public are observed; the great attention is paid to solution of environmental issues. In this con nection, the important direction of state policy is reformation of state management for liberaliza tion, which is characterized by transition to eco nomical instruments of management, reforma tion of legislative and institutional mechanisms for establishment of new effective economical and juridical relations in ecological sphere. During period of sovereignty in Tajikistan, there was created the base of environmental legislation, several environmental agreements were signed, strategies and programs practi cally in all economical sectors were elaborated and accepted. In 1997, the State Ecological Program for 1998 – 2008 was accepted for determination of development of Tajikistan in current transi tional period. The Program reflects the impor tance of environment protection for successful economical development in the country. the Program specifies the main tasks, including involvement of all social sectors (government, business structures, non-governmental organi zations and public community) to the process of protection and improvement of environmen tal condition. In the program are listed the ur gent practical measures on rehabilitation and supporting of ecological balance: rehabilitation of quality of air, water and other resources; stimulation of local industry for use of ecologi cally safe raw materials; decreasing of energy consumption by means of introduction of ener gy-conserving technologies and etc. The Pro gramme includes the complex of measures on utilization of industrial and municipal wastes. NAPEHP - National Action Plan on Envi ronment and Health Protection (accepted in 2000) was elaborated in accordance with State Health Care Strategy and requirements of international conventions. The priorities of NAPEHP include following: assessment of ef fects of various environmental components (air, water, soil and wastes) and foodstuff on public health; improvement of services of en vironmental hygiene; and development of in ter-agency collaboration. Plan has two main purposes: assurance of safety, health and well-being of population and environment pro tection. NAPEHP is directed on joint activities with other national programs and projects in sphere of environmental hygiene: Poverty Re duction strategy, national Program on tropi cal Diseases Control; Program of Tajikistan on Supporting Healthy Life Style till 2010, which is intended to establish the database and moni toring system on environmental hygiene; State Ecological Program for 1998 – 2008, and etc. In April 2006, Government of Tajikistan ap proved NAPEHP, oriented on solution of actual environmental for nearest three years. For improvement of environmental legislation of Republic Tajikistan are used the principles of ecological legislation of developed countries and international standards. Tajikistan jointed to 10 International Environmental Conventions, including such ones, which purposes and tasks correspond to the Stockholm Convention: Vi enna Convention on Ozone Layer Protection, Framework Climate Change Convention and Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. Nowadays, on four Conventions (Vi enna Convention on Ozone Layer Protection, Convention on Desertification, Convention on Biodiversity Conservation and Framework Cli mate Change Convention) are elaborated Na tional Action Plans on their realization. Political, institutional and regulative principles 22 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Ratification of international agreements de mands legislative assuring of country’s com mitments. Tajikistan has rather comprehensive environmental legislation (including health and safety), covering 18 Laws and 3 Codes. For the period from 2000 to 2005, following Laws were accepted: “About Nature Protection”, “About Ambient Air Protection”, “About Wastes of Pro duction and Consumption”, “About Protected Areas”, “About Ecological Expertise” and etc., also, were accepted: Forest, Water and Land Codes; and a lot of appropriate sub-law acts were approved. However, often the legislation is inconsequent and legally impracticable. So, the majority of ecological laws of RT are inter connected with each other, and changes in one law demands the insertion of changes to other laws, and this factor stipulates breaking of gen eral system of ecological legislation, causes discrepancies between laws and sub-law acts. That is why, in spite of comprehensive legisla tive base and acceptance of National Action Plans, there are no significant improvements of environmental condition. In future, the refor mation of legislation should be directed not to the increasing of legislative acts number but on their systematization and effectiveness raising. Sustainable development policy. The idea of sustainable development appeared as a result of understanding that potential of natural re sources for economical growth is limited, and there is a real threat of possible negative and irreversible changes in the environment. Envi ronment protection is one of the constitutional tasks of RT, together with observation of rights and responsibilities of Tajikistan’s citizens. Understanding the main principles and rec ommendations of “Agenda 21”, accepted in Rio-de-Janeiro in 1992 at the UN Conference on environment and development, Government of RT considers that the transition of country to sustainable development, should guarantee the balanced solution of socio-economical is sues, conservation of favorable environment and nature resources. The ecological aspect of sustainable development includes environ ment protection and rational nature resources use, ecologically safe use of high technologies with taking into consideration the solution of socio-economical problems. Tajikistan confirmed repeatedly its devotion to the ideas of ecological safety and sustain able development. RT became the member of UN Commission on Sustainable Development and signed the Issyk-Kul and Nukus Declara tions (1995), which are oriented on elaboration of Regional Action Plans on sustainable devel opment of Central Asian Region. Tajikistan is the participant of such processes as “Environ ment for Europe” and “Environment and Sus tainable Development for Asia”. In 1998, for effective participation of RT in solu tion of sustainable development issues Govern ment of RT established the National Committee on Sustainable Development under the leading of Prime Minister. This Committee coordinates the activities of ministries and agencies in the country, who participate in elaboration and real ization of sustainable development programs in the country; also, it establishes partnership with international and regional organizations and pro grams in sphere of sustainable development. RT is the member of Intergovernmental Sus tainable Development Committee (ISDC) of Central Asian countries, the main function of which is organization and coordination of elab oration regional strategy on sustainable devel opment; management of regional programs, action plans and projects of environment pro tection and sustainable development; coordi nation of activities, connected with realization of commitments of Central Asian countries in sphere of international ecological agreements; supporting of harmonization of ecological leg islation and methods; supporting of inter-state information exchange and establishment of Re gional Information Database on environment and sustainable development (National Infor mational Center within Intergovernmental Sus tainable Development Committee). Tajikistan take part in realization of Regional Programme on Environment Protection, elaborated under the aegis of Intergovernmental Sustainable De velopment Committee by the support of Asia Development Bank, UNEP and UNDP; and in preparation of Framework Convention on envi ronment and sustainable development for Cen tral Asian Countries; also Tajikistan supports the process on preparation of Central Asian Strategy on sustainable development. In the Document “National Report on Sustain able Development, RIO+10”, prepared to the International Summit on Sustainable Develop ment in Johannesburg (2002), is presented the assessment of sustainable development pro cess in Tajikistan and its main tendencies”. The Programme of economical development in Tajikistan till 2010 is intended on poverty re duction, as the background of sustainable devel opment. The Government understands that the environmental problems cannot be solved with out paying special attention to the living condi Country information 23 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 tion of populations, especially in rural localities. National Program on Poverty reduction was accepted in 2002. The priority of this Program is strengthening of economical reforms and as surance of sustainable growth for increasing of real income in the country, equal distribution of economical growth’s results, and increasing liv ing standard of poorest strata of society. In March 2007 was accepted “National De velopment Strategy for 2006 – 2008 and for the Perspective till 2015”, where, as an integral part, is included the section “Assurance of Eco logical Sustainability”. Following documents are under consideration: “National Ecological Strat egy till 2015” and “National Strategy on Sus tainable Development of Sustainable Develop ment of RT till 2030”. These documents were elaborated on the base of “Millennium Develop ment Goals till 2015”, “Solutions World Summit in Johannesburg on Sustainable Development” (2002) and “Ecological Strategy for Eastern Eu rope, Caucasus and Central Asia for the First Decade of 21st Century”, the purpose of the above-mentioned documents is determination of activities for ecologically sustainable policy. In the “National Strategy on Wastes Manage ment”, which is now on the stage of elabora tion, are reflected problems and specified envi ronmental purposes in the wastes management sector till 2015. The main purpose of Strategy is to increase the effectiveness of wastes man agement. The key issues of Strategy are follow ing: decreasing of wastes formation; selection of wastes in places of their formation; re-use of wastes; sterilization and utilization of wastes; removal and burying of final wastes. 2.2.2. Role and responsibility of minis tries, agencies and other governmental in stitutions, involved to the solution of POPs problem (the whole cycle from the source to elimination, their availability and behav ior in environment). The general structure of the environmental legislation in Tajikistan includes the issue on establishment of close collaboration between local authorities (regional, district and cities’ governing bodies) and appropriate ministries for effective implementation of environmental policy. With the purpose of elaboration national policy and standards for solution of such impor tant problems as improvement of air and water quality and management of toxic substances, were established the Environmental Coordina tion Committees – Inter-Agency Committee on Chemical Safety and Inter-Agency Coordina tion Committee on Ecological Statistics. Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Pro tection and its agencies has the main power for implementation of decisions and coordination of activities of appropriate ministries, departments and institutions dealing with nature resources use, environment protection, observation of en vironmental law, standards of ecological safety and rehabilitation of nature resources. Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection and its agencies are responsible for the following: implementation of agricul tural policy in sphere of use, storing and treat ment of pesticides; determination of alternative methods for control of pests, plant diseases and weeds; elaboration of effective measures on safe use of plant protection chemicals; of ficial control of observation rules on use and treatment of pesticides; regulation of import and distribution of pesticides; observation of rules on burying and utilization of forbidden and unserviceable pesticides and their containers in pesticides burial places; checking of pesti cides’ quality and their correspondence to the state standards and technical requirements. Ministry gives documents on permission or prohibition of pesticides use and controls their direct and indirect effects on the environment: emissions of chemical substances to the air, water and soil; giving licenses to the state and commercial organizations for use of nature resources with specification of emission and storing of wastes in special places; conducting of state ecological expertise in economical ob jects; assessment of effects on environment; control of implementation of RT commitments on international agreements; establishment collaboration with international partners in sphere of environment protection. Ministry of Economical Development and Trade and its agencies elaborate the short-term and long-tern prognoses of socio economical development of country, environ mental conditions, including use of nature re sources in republic. Ministry conducts analysis of observation existing legislation, elaborates recommendations on its improvements and submits them to the Government of RT; coor dinates activities of appropriate ministries and agencies in sphere of capital investments for development of environmental measures. Ministry of Health and its agencies control the long-term and short-term effects of chemical substances on human health; realize the state sanitary-epidemiological control; conduct mea sures on ecological safety, environment pro tection and sanitary protection of Tajik territory; Political, institutional and regulative principles 24 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 elaborate and approve the republican and local sanitary norms, rules and hygienic standards for prevention and elimination of contamination of water reservoirs, water of which is used for drink ing, domestic and other needs. Ministry controls the issues on labor hygiene, quality of foodstuff; conducts scientific researches in sphere of influ ence of ecological and industrial factors on public health, and in particular, increasing of women’s status and decreasing of children’s mortality. Ministry of Energy and Industry controls the production of the chemicals and process of introduction of more clean technologies. Ministry of Melioration and Water Use real izes the preparation and keeping of State Cadas tre (surface waters) and Melioration Cadastre. It realizes monitoring of water resources jointly with other specially authorized state agencies. Ministry of Justice realizes elaboration and introduction of laws and sub-law acts; assur ance of providing population with appropriate information and observation of confidentiality of business-information. Ministry of Finances is responsible for fi nancial support of industry, agriculture and implementation of environmental policy. Customs Service within Government of the Republic of Tajikistan is responsible for observation of customs-tariff regulations, pro hibitions and limits, prescribed by legislation of RT in external economical activity, which is connected with traffic of commodities, includ ing chemicals; and also for conducting of ex pertise and identification of commodities in ac cordance with Commodities Nomenclature on External Economical Activity. Ministry of Transport and Communica tions controls the safety of transportation and storage of chemicals during the phase of their distribution. Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for coordination of all international aspects in sphere of chemicals’ management in accordance with international agreements and conventions. Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population realizes the control in sphere of professional diseases and observation of safe ty measures concerning treatment of chemi cals on the working places. State Statistics Committee elaborates and publishes the statistical data on nature re sources use and environmental condition: wa ter, land, ambient air, and also implements the functions of chairman in the Inter-Agency Co ordination Committee on Ecological Statistics. Head Department of Geology within Gov ernment of the Republic of Tajikistan realiz es control of use and protection of underground water from contamination and exhaustion; pre pares agreements on building of storage facili ties for collection of wastes of chemical and in dustrial enterprises, including burial places for fluid industrial wastes. Local authorities consist of representative and executive bodies, which undertake local practical measures on environment protec tion. They assure the implementation of Con stitution, Laws, Statements of Majlisi Milli and Majlisi Namoyandagon of Majlisi Oli, Orders and Decrees of President and Governmental Statements of RT. Some functions on coordination in sphere of improvement mechanisms on control and regulations of chemical substances use and environment protection are implemented by inter-agency committees: Inter-Agency Committee on Chemical safety analyses the issues and prepares sug gestions for the Republican Government on solution of strategic problems in sphere of chemical safety; observation of requirements and improvement of mechanisms on treatment of chemical substances and biological prepa rations; observation of normative and legisla tive acts on chemical safety. This Committee has a right to approve “The List of Chemical Substances and Biological Preparations, per mitted for use in the Republic of Tajikistan” and insertion of changes and additions to it. Inter-Agency Coordination Committee on Ecological Statistics is responsible for imple mentation of unique state strategy and con trolling of ecological statistics, elaboration of methods for monitoring of ecological statistics, coordination of elaboration criteria and evalua tion of statistic ecological indicators, character izing the ecological condition. The existing organizational structure, includ ing state environmental bodies, should be im proved, because it is cumbersome and not very effective. Duplications of activity and exceeding of administration take place in various levels of management. As a result, there is lack of com plex ecological policy in sphere of regulation of hazardous chemicals, including POPs. POPs problem concerns many spheres of state activities, including legislation, protection of public health and environment; management of agriculture, industry, regulation of wastes and interests of various strata of society. For elabo ration of effective NIP and its consequent im plementation, the participation of all interested Country information 25 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 ministries, agencies and public community is of a great importance. There is no in Tajikistan any unique body on management of chemical substances, including POPs-containing ones. The role and responsibility of governmental structures in sphere of chemicals regulation, in accordance with their prescribed powers, are presented in Table 2.2.2.1. Political, institutional and regulative principles Stage of life cycle Governmental structure P ro du ct io n E xp or t Im po rt S to ra ge Tr an sp or ta tio n La be lin g/ di st ri bu tio n U se /tr ea tm en t R em ov al to w as te s E lim in at io n Agriculture and environment protection Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection + * + + + + + + + Department of Plant Cultivation ** State Veterinary Service ** + + + + + + + Department on Plant Protection and Chemicalixation of Agriculture + + + + + + + Department on Nature Resources Use and environment Protection + + + + + + Service on State Control on Nature Resources Use and environment Protection * + + + + + + Health care Ministry of Health * + + + + + + + Republican Center on State Sanitary-Epidemiological Control + + + + + + Tajik Scientific Research on Preventive Medicine + + + Republican Center on Tropical Diseases Control + + + + + Labor protection Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population + + + Economy and trade; Finances Ministry of Economical Development and Trade * + + + Ministry of Finances + + + + Industry Ministry of Energy and Industry +*** + + + + + + + + Ministry of Transport and Communications + + + Education and science Academy of Sciences + Abu Ali ibn Sino Tajik State Medical University + Justice Ministry of Justice + + + + + + + + Customs Customs Service within Government of the Republic of Tajikistan + + + + + External Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs + + + Standardization Agency on Standardization, Metrology, Certification and Trade Inspection within Government of the Republic of Tajikistan + + + + + Statistics State Statistics Committee + + + + Table 2.2.2.1. Role of governmental structures in the Republic of Tajikistan in solution of problems, connected with management of POPs life cycle Notes: * There is no POPs production in Tajikistan ** POPs emissions from pesticides in process of decomposition *** Unintentionally produced POPs 26 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Analysis of existing legislation in RT in sphere of chemical substances regulation shows the lack of special legislative and normative methodical base of POPs treatment. The re sponsibilities of ministries, agencies and other institutions are based on special normative doc uments: instruction, standards, technical condi tions and etc., which regulate transportation of hazardous loads, collection, storage, use, elimi nation and burying of harmful chemicals. The responsibility for management of haz ardous chemicals, including POPs, distributed between many ministries and agencies, but lack of effective coordination of their activ ity lead to discordance in decision making in sphere of hazardous chemicals regulation and, consequently, to non-implementation of unique state policy on protection of environment from these substances. For liquidation of such situation it is necessary to accept the Law on POPs. It will allow elabo rating of Protocol on differentiation of respon sibilities on hazardous chemicals management between involved ministries and agencies. Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Pro tection is made the main responsible body for elaboration of environmental programs / projects and coordination of activities on their realization; it should control the process of implementation of Stockholm Convention in Tajikistan, including: coordination of POPs policies and strate-• gies; elaboration of principles on management of • POPs-containing wastes; realization of activities on reduction of POPs • contamination of various environmental com ponents; elaboration of quality standards on assess-• ment of environmental conditions; coordination of activities on BAP and BET • implementation; control of realization projects with internal • and external investments. 2.2.3. Corresponding international agree ments and commitments. The Republic of Tajikistan became the UN member in March 1992 before the UN Confer ence on Environment and Development in Rio de-Janeiro (Brazil), where were determined the principles of sustainable development for policy of collaboration and partnership in inter national relations. The Republic of Tajikistan, on the base of global partnership, uses international collabo ration for effective conducting of state ecologi cal policy and takes active part in international, regional and bilateral cooperation in sphere of environment protection. Tajikistan established collaboration with sev eral UN agencies and, in particular, with UN European Economical Committee, FAO, Eco nomical and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Countries, UNEP, UNDP and GEF; with international financial institutions: WB, IMF, Eu ropean Reconstruction and Development Bank, ADB and IDB, Saudi and Kuwait Funds, and etc. Also, RT establishes environmental col laboration with Afghanistan, China, Iran, Japan, Armenia, Russia and Central Asian countries. RT is the member of several regional and sub regional organizations, including Organization on economical Cooperation, shanghai organi zation on Cooperation, Euro-Asian Economical Cooperation, International Fund on Aral Sea Rescue, International Commission on Coordi nation of Water Issues and Intergovernmental Committee on sustainable Development. RT recognizes the priorities of international rights principles and assures the correspon dence of national legislation to these principles. Ecological policy of Tajikistan realizes inter national collaboration by means of: improvement of regional and international • collaboration in environmental sphere; correspondence of republican laws to inter-• national legislation; elaboration of national programs and intro-• duction of appropriate mechanisms for real ization of international conventions; implementation of bilateral and multilateral • agreements, and also participation in re gional programs. Under the aegis of Intergovernmental Com mittee on Sustainable development and by sup port of ADB, UNEP and UNDP was prepared the “Regional Action Plan on environment Pro tection for Central Asia”, which includes five ecological priorities and measures for short term (2002-2007) and long-term (2007-2012) perspective. Tajikistan jointed to 10 international environ mental agreements (insertion 1), and following of them are related to the chemical conventions: Vienna Convention on Ozone Layer Protection, UN Framework Climate Change Convention, Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade and Stockholm Convention on POPs. Country information 27 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 INSERTION 1 Stockholm Convention on POPs (2006) Convention on Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution (2004) Bonn Convention 1979 on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (2001) Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters 1998 (2001) Ramsar Convention (1971) on international water territories, inhabiting by waterfowl (2001) UN Framework Climate Change Convention (1998) Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (1998) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 1994 (1997) UN Convention 1992 on biological diversity and its Cartagena Protocol 2002 года on biological safety (1997/ 2004) Vienna Convention (1985) on Ozone Layer Protection and Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting and its London Amendment 1990 (1996/1998/1998) mation; is created the database on condition of the environment and hazardous and other objects, connected with nature resources use; and presented results on scientific and technical works in sphere of ecology and na ture resources (Article 1); Agreement on collaboration in sphere of eco-• logical monitoring in CIS from 13th January 1999; Memorandum about establishment of coop-• eration between Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Kyrgyzstan in sphere of ecological safety from 26 May 2004; The framework Convention on Environment • Protection for Sustainable Development in Central Asia, which was signed in Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) on 22nd November 2006. For assurance of coordinated policy in sphere of ecology and environment protection in CIS, in May 1993 was created Inter-State Ecological Council (ISEC) for CIS-countries. On the initia tive of ISEC and in the framework of “Agree ment on collaboration in sphere of ecologi cal monitoring” was prepared the “Inter-State Scientific-Technological Program on Creation and Development System of Ecological Moni toring on the Territory of CIS”. For integration of national and regional monitoring systems, forecasting, and modeling of ecological situa tions for technical, normative-methodical and programming of the above-mentioned systems was established the Inter-State Center on Eco logical Monitoring (ISCEM), also, the main directions of Program were prepared for de velopment of ISCEM, In framework of ISCEM should be elaborated the monitoring system on POPs contamination of environment. In 1998, Tajikistan jointed to the “Agreement between Governments of the Republic of Ka zakhstan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan and Repub lic Uzbekistan about Collaboration in Sphere of Environment Protection and Rational Use of Nature Resources”, in accordance with which the Parties realize collaboration in sphere of neutralization, sterilization, safe elimination and burying of toxic and radioactive wastes (Article 2). The established legislative base assures the full participation of Tajikistan in the process of international collaboration. 2.2.4. Description of existing legislation and regulations concerning POPs (inten tionally and unintentionally produced). Assurance of ecological safety and use of chemical substances, including POPs, is regu Political, institutional and regulative principles As the addition to international conventions, RT signed several regional agreements: Agreement on cooperation in sphere of ecol-• ogy and environment protection in CIS from 8th February 1992, which includes following: harmonization of environmental legislation and ecological standards; joint elaboration and implementation of international programs and projects in sphere of nature resources use, environment protection and ecological safety, including programs on safe elimina tion and neutralization of chemical and nu clear weapon, highly toxic and radioactive wastes (Article 3); Agreement on informational cooperation in • sphere of ecology and environment protection from 11th September 1998, in accordance with which in CIS is realized the information exchange and distribution of ecological infor 28 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 lated by state legislative acts and normative methodical documents. Analysis of existing legislation on POPs treatment showed the lack of special normative base for POPs treatment in Tajikistan. Besides, in sphere of treatment of hazardous chemicals, forbidden pesticides and harmful wastes, the following levels of regulation are visible: Constitutional norms: Accordingly to Article 38 of the Constitution • of RT “Every citizen has a right on health pro tection. The State undertakes measures on enhancement, development of public sports, physical culture and tourism”. LEGISLATIvE ACTS: Environmental and resource-saving leg-• islation: •• Law “About Environment Protection” (2002). In accordance with Article 27 “Norms for use of plants protection preparations in agriculture, for estry and other branches of economy should be determined accordingly to: standards on maxi mum permissible of chemicals residuals in food stuff, to health care principles, to genetic fund, and to flora and fauna conservation”. Article 28 of this Law specifies that “Stan dards of maximum permissible residuals of harmful chemical substances in foodstuff is fixed by determination of minimum permissible doze, harmless for people, on every chemical substance and on every foodstuff”. Article 48 specifies the ecological require ments for use of chemicals in national econ omy. Accordingly to this Article “use of new chemical substances, which may directly or in directly influence on human health, should be permitted only by Ministry of Health in Repub lic Tajikistan. Use of toxic chemicals, which not decay and effect on human health and environ ment, is forbidden”. •• Le Law “On ecological expertise” (2003) reg ulates the order on organization and conducting of ecological expertise and fixes responsibilities for breaking legislation in this sphere. The Ar ticle 1 of this Law obliged to conduct the eco logical expertise before making decisions on all kinds of economical, industrial and other activi ties for right-time prevention of negative effects on public health and environment. Creation of database on environmental conditions and on results of assessment on ecological effects on peoples and nature (Article 3). Accordingly to Article 4, the purpose of eco logical expertise is analysis and assessment of ecologically harmful objects on public health, nature resources and environment, and also so cial, economical and ecological consequences. The objects of ecological expertise (Article 7) are following: technical documentation of new equipment, technologies, materials, substanc es, certified commodities and services, includ ing imported ones. •• Law “About atmospheric air protection” (1996, additions and changes were inserted in 2002). In the Article 11 are specified the main requirements to standardization of atmospheric air quality by determination of maximum per missible norms in accordance with international standards, conventions and agreements for as surance of ecological safety of population and environment irrespective economical or other activity. In accordance with Article 26, the juridical and physical persons are obliged to under take measures on prevention and liquidation of harmful effects on atmosphere by production, storage, use, transportation of chemical and biological preparations. •• Law “About wastes of production and con sumption” (2002). Accordingly to Article 4 of this Law, the main principle of state policy in sphere of treatment with wastes is the priority of the en vironmental measures, directed on protection of public life and health. Accordingly to Article 9, the exploitation of enterprises, producing hazardous wastes, which cannot be destroyed by ecologically safe methods, is forbidden. In Article 10 of the Law is specified follow ing: the storage of wastes should be realized accordingly to requirements, specified in nor mative acts; wastes burial places should be in serted to the special state register; the process of wastes burying should be accompanied with monitoring of burying places, which should be conducted by owner of these places and in regime, which is agreed with authorized body in sphere of wastes treatment; the owners of objects on wastes storage should undertake measures on rehabilitation of these objects af ter completion of their exploitation. In Article 12 are specified the requirements to treatment of hazardous wastes, in accor dance with which all physical and juridical per sons, whose activity is connected with produc tion of hazardous wastes, should assure the appropriate protection of environment from their harmful effects; also they should register wastes accordingly to special requirements of State Statistics Agency and authorized body in sphere of wastes management. In the Article 13 are specified the require Country information 29 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 ments to transportation of hazardous wastes, which is allowed only by availability of passport on these wastes and special equipped trans port means. The transport organization, to which belongs this transport means, is legally accountable for safe treatment of hazardous wastes during transportation (loading, registra tion and unloading in special place). In the Article 14 is specified the prohibition of import wastes to the republic for burying and sterilization. Control of hazardous wastes im port and export is realized by authorized state executive bodies, which are dealing with fron tier, customs, ecological and sanitary-quar antine inspection in accordance with existing normative-legislative acts and international agreements, adopted in Tajikistan. •• Law “About Protection and Use of Flora” (2004). Article 11 of this Law obliges to ob serve rules of use plants protective prepara tions, growth regulators and other preparations for decreasing of their harmful effects on flora and environment in whole, taking in account the combination with other agro-technical, selec tive-genetic, biological and other measures. Ac cordingly to this Article, by creation and import of new preparations should be elaborated the maximum permissible concentrations of these preparations in environment for protection of wild plants, their eco-systems, including territo ries of their growth. •• Forest Code (1993). The Code regulates the relations for assurance of forests use and protection, for improvement of environment, in cluding: forests protection from diseases and pests (Article 41); prevention of contamination forests with chemical and radioactive substances, sew ages and wastes (Article43). •• Land Code (1996) regulates the lands rela tions and is directed on creation of conditions for rational use and protection of lands, rehabili tation of soils fertility, conservation and improve ment of environment in whole, including: protection of land from contamination with industrial wastes, chemical and radioactive substances (Article 52); conducting of lands monitoring (Article 63). •• Water Code (2000) regulates the water re lations, including protection of waters from con tamination and exhaustion, in particular: in water-protective zones is forbidden to use chemical substances, to establish en terprises, which may negatively effect on their condition (Article 22); undertaking measures on complete stop- ping of emissions contamination substanc es to the water reservoirs (Article 45); conducting of sanitary-technical steriliza- tion of sewages and sanitary protection and improvement condition of coastal territories (Article 121); prohibition of emission industrial, municipal and other wastes (excluding Articles 98 101) to water reservoirs (Article 123). Legislation in sphere of public health • care: •• Law “About Public Health Care” (1997). Public health care in RT is realized by following means: observation of human rights in sphere of • health protection accordingly to normative legislative acts of RT (Article 3); undertaking measures on enhancement of • environment and assurance of ecological and radioactive safety, nature protection in accor dance with legislation of RT (Article 3, 4); state guarantee of conservation favorable en-• vironment, which has not negative influences for health of present and future generations (Article 23); assurance of ecological, sanitary-epidemio-• logical and radioactive safety for population of RT (Article49). Accordingly to Article 27, every citizen has a right for receiving information from official bodies, health care institutions and juridical persons concerning factors, which can effect human health, environment, labor conditions, living standards and rest. •• The Law “About Sanitary-epidemiological Safety of Population” (2003). Accordingly to the Article 3 of this Law, the sanitary-epidemiologi cal safety of population is assured by following: elaboration and realization of national and regional programs, including enhancement of environment and increasing of living stan dards; state sanitary-epidemiological standardiza- tion; certification of industrial commodities, works and services, which are potentially harmful for public life and health; making sanitary epidemiological conclusions for them; state registration of existing and newly im- ported to RT chemical and biological sub stances, products, wastes of production and consumptions, which are potentially harmful for peoples. Article 13 obliges to permit for produce, transport, purchase, storage, sale and use of Political, institutional and regulative principles 30 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 potentially harmful chemicals only after state registration. •• Law “About Quality and Safety of Foodstuff” (2002). The Article 15 of this Law specifies that realized foodstuff should correspond to require ments in sphere of organoleptic and physi cochemical indicators; and also correspond to fixed normative documentation on maximum permissible concentration of chemical sub stances (including radioactive ones), biological substances, including their combinations, and other biological organisms, which are harmful for human health. Accordingly to Article 17 it is not permissible to use by production of children’s food any raw materials, prepared by use of forage admix tures, growth promotion factors for animals (in cluding hormonal preparations), certain medi cines, pesticides and other harmful for human health substances and combinations. Legislation in sphere of industrial safety, • production and handling: •• Law “About Safety in Hazardous Industrial Enterprises” (2004) Accordingly to Article 4, the requirements of industrial safety should correspond to the norms on protection public health and territo ries from extraordinary situations, on assur ance of sanitary-epidemiological well-being of population, environment protection, ecological safety, fire safety, labor protection and state standards. Normative-legislative acts, assuring imple- mentation of legislative policy and accepted international agreements (Annex A 6). Anti-criminal and administrative mecha-• nisms: •• Criminal Code (1998), Article 223 of Crimi nal Code specifies that there is criminal respon sibility for breaking rules on safety by produc tion, transportation, storage, burying, use and any kinds of treatment with radioactive, bacte riological, chemical substances and wastes, if it was the reason of threat for human health and environment. Accordingly to Article 228 of the Criminal Code, the criminal penalty is realized in case of land contamination with hazardous productions of economical and other activities as a result of breaking rules on appropriate use of pesticides, fertilizers, stimulators of plants growth or other harmful chemical and biological substances during their storage, use, transportation; and also in case of spoiling soils with negative con sequences for human health and environment. •• Code of RT “About Administrative Infringe ments” (1998). Administrative penalty, ac cordingly to Article 85, is realized in case of infringement rules on storage of industrial and municipal wastes and also for breaking rules on their combustion. Accordingly to Articles 86 and 88, administra tive penalty is realized in case of breaking rules on transportation, storage and use of plants protection preparations and other substances, leading to contamination of atmosphere and damaging fauna. 2.2.5. Condition of legislation and norma tive-methodical base in sphere of treatment POPs-containing pesticides and wastes. In majority of developed countries, the ef fective legislative instruments for regulation of POPs-containing wastes are elaborated and introduced. The legislative aspects are of a great impor tance for planning of all activities on the state level. Presently, the problems on wastes man agement, including toxic ones, are indicated in national priorities on environment protection in RT. No one Law of RT contradicts to the re quirements of Stockholm Convention in sphere of wastes management. However, there no special records in existing legislative and nor mative-methodic base of republic about POPs containing wastes (obsolete and forbidden pesticides, PCBs and PCB-containing equip ment), especially it concerns the Law “About Nature Protection”, “About Wastes of Produc tion and Consumption”, “About Assurance of Sanitary-epidemiological Safety of Population” and “About Production and safe Use of Pesti cides and Agro-chemicals”. The Law “About Wastes of Production and Consumption”, accepted in 2002, regulates the relations in sphere of formation, collection, storage, use, transportation, sterilization and burying of wastes, and also in sphere of state management and control of wastes treatment. The Law is intended for prevention of negative effects of production and consumption wastes on environment and human health during their treatment and also for prevention of their use in economical/industrial turnover as the ad ditional source of raw materials. The Law specifies the definition of hazardous wastes: the wastes containing substances with what soever harmful properties – toxicity, infection, explosive risk, inflammability, reactivity and/or other similar properties. The Law, in particular, obliges: physical and juridical persons, whose activity is connected with formation of hazard ous wastes, should assure the protection of Country information 31 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 environment and population from their harmful effects; storing of hazardous wastes should be realized only specially equipped storage facili ties after receiving of special permissions. The policy on hazardous wastes treatment in trans-border context is presented in the Law “About External Economical Activity”, which obliges the subjects of external economical activity to observe legislation of Tajikistan and international norms and rules. Trans-border management in sphere of hazardous wastes treatment is specified in the Law “About State Regulation of External Trade”, which obliges to observe the standards and criteria of safety for people during import of commodities (including hazardous wastes) and the rules on their con trol all over the country. However, the majority of laws are only declar ative and not supported by normative-method ic base and other efficient mechanisms of their implementation; and it decreases significantly the real capacity for management of wastes, including POPs-containing ones. Analysis of normative-methodical base in sphere of safe handling with hazardous wastes confirms the lack of state system on management of POPs, including components of their life cycle, in Ta jikistan. Presently, there is no in republic any purpo sive work on elaboration and introduction of modern national system on classification of wastes, including POPs-containing ones (pes ticides and PCBs). In Tajikistan is still not elab orated the national classifier on wastes toxic ity, which should include the POPs-containing wastes. On this reason, in Tajikistan there is no any state statistic system of reporting for wastes and, consequently, no data on annual forma tion of wastes, types of wastes, their location, use and sterilization. The existing information is scanty, it may be found in various agencies, and it is not accessible for public community. Due to lack of financial and technical means, during all period of independency, in Tajikistan was not conducted the comprehensive inventory of wastes, was not prepared the state register, which should include the catalogue of wastes, the results of inventory of wastes and their lo cations, and also the database on technologies of their use and sterilization. There are no exact data on pesticides use due to lack of appropri ate control of their delivery and consumption. Practically, there is no information on number of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, on places of their location (storage facilities) and condi tion of burial places. For receiving of these data it is necessary to conduct inventory of wastes, including pesticides, on regular base. Analysis of legislation revealed another legal problem in this sphere: there is no in Tajikistan any special regulation concerning decommis sion and elimination of PCB-containing electro technical equipment. There are no special legal acts concerning registration of PCB-containing equipment, inventory of used and decommis sioned equipment, organization of ecologically safe storing PCB-containing electro-technical equipment till making decision on its elimi nation/utilization. There is no assessment of environmental components contamination in places of exploitation and storage of this equipment. There are no in republic any legal provisions on utilization of contaminated soils and PCB-containing equipment, requirements and standards for special storage facilities for PCB-containing equipment and wastes. Nowadays, the existing normative-methodic base for identification of wastes is not effec tive for implementation of Stockholm Conven tion on POPs; it needs in reformation in ac cordance with international requirements. Its improvement and concordance with require ments of Convention and national demands is one of the main national priorities. The principle law in sphere pesticides man agement is Law “About production and safe use of pesticides and agrochemicals” (2003). The Law specifies the legal principles of pro duction and safe handling with pesticides and agrochemicals for protection of human health and environment. In the Article 2 is presented the definition of “state registration of pesticides and agrochem icals”, on the base of which the special autho rized state body realized state registration by conducting of laboratory and field researches, gives the permission for production, use, sale, transportation, destruction, advertisement, im port and export of pesticides and agrochemi cals. Accordingly to Article 12, pesticides and agro chemicals, permitted for use in Tajikistan, are inserted to the State Catalogue of Pesticides and Agrochemicals, which issued by special authorized state body responsible for conduct ing of researches and registration of pesticides and agrochemicals. Accordingly to the Article 17, by realization of pesticides and agrochemicals the seller (sup plier) is obliged to provide every unit of pesti cides container with instructions on their use, transportation, storage and label. Political, institutional and regulative principles 32 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Physical and juridical persons have a right to purchase and sale only those pesticides and agrochemicals, which are registered and in serted into State Catalogue of Pesticides and Agrochemicals, permitted for use on the terri tory of Tajikistan (Article 23). In the Article 26 of the Law is specified the re sponsibility for violation of Tajikistan’s legisla tion in sphere of production and safe treatment with pesticides and agrochemicals. The main legal aspects on treatment with pesticides are more or less regulated by rules, instructions, methodical guidance, standards and recommendations: “Sanitary rules of storage, transportation and • use of pesticides (pesticides in agriculture)” regulates the conditions on pesticides use in agriculture for prevention of poisoning of peo ples dealing with pesticides during the working process (transportation, storage, treatment of plants, animals, poultries, premises, care of treated crops and etc.), prevention of con tamination foodstuff, ambient air, settlements, water reservoirs and soils with pesticides; “Instruction of safety measures by storage, • transportation and use of pesticides in agricul ture” specifies the requirements for assurance of safe use of pesticides in agriculture, indus trial safety, fire-protection and environment protection during storage, transportation and use of chemicals for plants protection; “Instruction on preparation and burying of for-• bidden and unserviceable pesticides and their containers” specifies the order of collection and preparation for burying of unserviceable and forbidden for use both solid and powdery pesticides and their containers; “Methodical recommendations for sanitary-• epidemiological services on sanitary protec tion of water-reservoirs from contamination with pesticides after their use in agriculture” methodical recommendations are intended for control and conducting of measures on sanitary protection of water-reservoirs from contamination with pesticides after their use in agriculture. In methodical recommendations is presented the list of maximum permissible concentrations of pesticides in water-reser voirs, the water of which is used for covering of sanitary-domestic demands; State Standard (ГОСТ 14189-81) “Pesti-• cides: rules of reception, taking of samples, packaging, labeling, transportation and stor age” determines the rules of reception, taking of samples, packaging, labeling, transporta tion and storage of pesticides; Recommendations of UN Food and Agricul-• tural Organization (FAO) in Tajikistan on pro tection of agricultural crops from pests and diseases, Dushanbe – 2005, p. 69. and etc.• 2.3 ASSESSMENT OF POPS PROBLEM IN THE COUNTRY. 2.3.1. Evaluation of chemical substances in accordance with Annex A Part I (POPs containing pesticides): production, use, im port and export in past, present and planned future. Short review of existing monitoring data (environment, foodstuff, human organ ism) and effects on health. The Convention specifies: prohibition of import and export of all pesticides, listed in An nex A, accepting purposes of ecologically safe elimination and exemptions. In the Article 3 and Annex А, Part I of the Convention is specified the following: complete prohibition of aldrin, dieldrin, en-• drin, heptachlor and toxaphene production; as the exemption may be permitted the pro-• duction of chlordane, hexachlorobenzene and mirex; aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, • hexachlorobenzene and mirex may be in cluded to the register of use for certain ex emptions. Use, import and export in past, present and planned future. Pesticides, including organo chloric and POPs-containing ones delivered to Tajikistan in 80-90th years of former century from other countries on centralized base via Republican Industrial Scientific Organization “Tajikselhozhimia” (till 1980 – “Tajikselhozteh nika”) with full responsibility for appropriate storage, effective use and reliable registra tion. Nowadays, POPs-containing pesticides are not imported and not re-exported. Use of some POPs-pesticides in agriculture in forbid den: DDT since 1970; aldrin – since 1973; diel drin and chlordane since 1985; and heptachlor since 1992. From 1965 to 1990, the volume of pesticides delivery to Tajikistan was from 7 to 14 thou sand tons (in calculation on 100% of reactant). During this time the volumes of pesticides use changed significantly in accordance with their groups. So, the volume of insecticide-acari cides decreased from 11,1 thousand tons to 1,7 thousand tons, but use of fungicides increased from 1,0 thousand times to 6,1 thousand times, many fold increased the use of herbicides and defoliants (Diagram 2.3.1.1). Country information 33 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Diagram 2.3.1.1 Pesticides delivery for agriculture of the Republic of Tajikistan (tons in calculation on 100% of reactant). Assessment of pops problem in the country 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1965 1970 1975 1981 1985 1990 1995 2005 total Insecto-acaricides Fungicides Herbicides Defoliants Decrease of insecticide-acaricides con sumption is stipulated by decrease of organo chloric pesticides use; in the middle of 90th years their import to Tajikistan was stopped (Diagram 2.3.1.2). 12000 10000 8000 t. r . 6000 4000 2000 0 1965 1967 1970 1975 1981 1985 1989 1995 Diagram 2.3.1.2 Dynamics of organo chloric pesticides consumption (tons in calculation on 100% of reactant) The assortment of used pesticides includ ed chemicals, which later were considered among POPs-containing ones: aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin, hexachlorobenzene, toxa phene and DDT. Mainly was used DDT in vari ous concentrations, which annual consump tion from 1960 to 1970 for cotton-growing was 8,7 thousand tons (in preparative form). Also, DDT was used widely in other agricultural sec tors, including vegetable-growing. The highest level of pesticides consump tion was in 1967: from 45,3 thousand tons of various pesticides were used 32,1 tons. The volume of DDT consumption in this year was 8,6 thousand tons or 33% from total volume of insecticide-acaricides, which used for agricul tural pest combat. HCH consumption in 1967 was 10,7 thousand tons. In 60th years, the average pesticides consumption, including in secticide-acaricides, was in republic 16,7 and 13,4 correspondingly per 1 ha of arable land and perennial plants (Table 2.3.1.1). 34 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Pesticides Years 1965 1970 1975 1981 1985 1990 TOTAL: 16,753 8,550 13,542 12,176 15,533 13,097 Including: insecticide-acaricides 13,435 2,930 2,093 2,340 2,486 1,857 fungicides 1,116 - 2,891 2,754 6,968 4,990 protectant 0,058 0,040 0,044 0,105 0,477 0,276 herbicide 0,126 0,796 3,046 2,226 2,504 1,995 defoliants and desiccants 1,194 3,757 4,162 4,634 3,028 3,813 other 0,824 1,027 1,306 0,117 0,070 0,166 Table 2.3.1.1. Pesticides delivery per 1 ha of arable land and perennial plants (kg of reactant) Pesticides were used predominantly on cot ton-growing fields, the average repetition fac tor was in republic 6 – 10 times, and in certain districts of Hatlon region it was much higher – till 17 times. The agricultural aviation was widely used for chemical treatment of arable lands; the share of aviation in realization of such measures was about 86%. As a result, in densely populated, irrigated territories of republic was the intensive process of accumulation various plant protec tion chemicals in environmental components (soils, water, silt, plants and etc). It was a fact of a great concern; and in republic were under taken measures on decreasing of pesticides consumption, and in particular: was introduced the integrated system for combating pests of agricultural plants on the base of combined use of all plant protection measures – agro technical, biological and chemical ones. After 1991, the pesticides consumption de creased sharply on various reasons (break ing of economical relations, lack of finances in economy and so on). During 15 years, the delivery of pesticides to the republic was about 21 thousand tons. In 2003, accordingly to Cus toms Service data, the import of pesticides was 135 tons. The factual volume of chemical treatment of crops testifies that pesticides were used much wider. Delivery of pesticides is real ized by various firms and private persons, so there are cases of illegal import of obsolete and forbidden pesticides. In 2005 – 2006, Customs Department within Ministry on State Incomes and Taxes of the Republic of Tajikistan revealed and prevented illegal realization of 17 tons of DDT, delivered from neighboring country. In nearest time, the pesticides consumption will be presented in numbers, necessary for im plementation of integrated system on protection of agricultural plants from pests and diseases. Accordingly to data of State Agency on Plant Protection and Chemicalixation within Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection, the demand in pesticides for agriculture in 2007 – 2011 is about 15 thousand tons per year. Results of inventory. Nowadays, the avail able obsolete and forbidden pesticides are of a great concern for human health and en vironment. During the soviet period, delivery of pesticides was realized in accordance with requests of firms, and their import to republic often exceeded the factual demand in 1,5 – 2 times. As a result, it was observed the accu mulation of big volumes of pesticides residuals in storage facilities and Republican Produc tive Scientific Organization “Tajikselhozhimia”. Also, following factors contributed to the above mentioned problem: health care agencies issued the prohibition • for use of formerly purchased preparations due to increased toxicological and ecologi cal risk; inefficiency of chemicals in sphere of their • application; termination of pesticides keeping time dur-• ing long storing; unpractical size and quality of containers; • breaking of packages due to their ageing; unsuitable preparative form;• low stability of preparations during their stor-• age; inefficient organization of storage and reg-• istration. Due to availability of significant volumes of pesticides storages, the facts of their uncon trolled use took place: pesticides were given to private persons for their use in their farm-lands; also, the pesticides were secretly buried and thrown to the dumps. During last years, due to sharp decreasing of pesticides import to repub lic, their residuals, including forbidden and ob solete pesticides, were used in farm-lands. As a result of conducted initial inventory were revealed 17,55 tons of DDT, including 17 tons of illegally imported in 2005 – 2006 to Sugd re Country information 35 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 gion. Other 0,55 tons are in two households of Gissarski district. In storage facilities, in pack aging, destroyed due to long keeping, were re vealed 42,1 tons of unfit known pesticides and 100 tons of unknown pesticides, in composition of which only DDT and its metabolites have the POPs properties. Thus, the volume of forbidden, obsolete and unknown pesticides, which should be repackaged and eliminated, is 160,1 tons. In case of detailed inventory all over republic, this figure may increase in two or more times. Moreover, there are mixtures of unknown pes ticides with soil, mineral fertilizers and garbage in approximate amount of 4,5 thousand tons (Diagram 2.3.1.3 without volume of pesticides, buried in special pesticides burial places). Assessment of pops problem in the country Total number of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including their mixtures with soils and buried in special pesticides burial places, 17,55 42,1 100,4 4500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 DDT Obsolete pesticides Unknown pesticides and soils Mixture of pesticides T on s Diagram 2.3.1.3 Volume of unfit (for bidden and obsolete) pesticides and their unknown mixtures, revealed during initial inventory in storage fa cilities and agricultural air-fields revealed during initial inventory is 15160,1 tons (Diagram 2.3.1.4). 160,1 4500 7500 3000 15160,1 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 Storage facilities and agricultural air-fields Pesticides and soil Vahshski pesticides burial place Kanibadamski pesticides burial place Total in the Republic of Tajikistan To ns Diagram 2.3.1.4 Number of unfit (forbidden and obsolete) pesticides and their mixtures with soils in examined objects 36 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Location of revealed during initial inventory obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs-containing ones, and their unknown mixtures all over regions of Tajikistan confirms the potential threat for human health and envi ronment (Map 2.3.1.1). Country information Map 2.3.1.1 Location of revealed during initial inventory obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs-containing ones (information on 01.07.2006). Map 2.3.1.2 Location of pesticides mixture, including POPs-containing ones, with soil, mineral fertilizers and garbage (information on 01.07.2006) 37 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 The situation is aggravated by availability of pesticides mixtures with soils, mineral fertiliz ers and garbage in storage facilities, places for solution preparations and adjoining territories (Map 2.3.1.2). For determination of real vol ume of such mixtures it is necessary to orga nize special works. In samples of pesticides mixtures with soils was revealed following: mainly - DDT and its metabolites, and in small quantities – aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, HCB and heptachlor (analysis was done by Bashkir Re publican Scientific Research Ecological Cen ter, Ufa city). All above-mentioned confirms that in former time POPs-related pesticides were used in Tajikistan. Simultaneously with pesticides inventory were examined their storage facilities. These storage facilities were intended only for pes ticides storing, and keeping there any other productions or incompatible pesticides groups are strongly prohibited. Inventory covered 167 storage facilities from 372 functioned till 1990; where following facts were revealed: all standard storage facilities of former Re-• publican Productive Scientific Organization “Tajikselhozhimia” are privatized; part of them is completely destroyed for use of ma terials for building of new houses and eco nomical objects; almost all existing storage facilities of for-• mer collective farms are tumbledown; many of them haven’t roofs and windows, their roofs are broken (photo 2.3.1.1); often, these storage facilities haven’t any • fencing and guarding; the access of popula tion and domestic animals is free; some of storage facilities are located near • settlements and economical objects, near water sources, agricultural fields and gar dens; some storage facilities are uses for stor-• ing of forage, various building materials and household equipment. There are some cases of use storage facilities as living quar ters. Photo 2.3.1.1 Pesticides storage facility. In examined storage facilities there are more than 236,9 tons of pesticides, including 160,1 tons of unfit for use preparations and their mix tures (photo 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.3). It is a great prob lem and dangerous ecological situation. Photo 2.3.1.2 «Storage» of obsolete pesticides in storage facility. Photo: GEF/UNEP Project Assessment of pops problem in the country 38 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 The special threat is the availability of unknown chemical preparations, keeping open air near the storage facilities, neglected places for pesticides solutions preparation, in places of numerous digging out of chemicals in pesticides burial places. There, they are exposed to precipitations and wind, which transfers them to the remote distances. Photo 2.3.1.3 Mixtures of unknown pesticides in the storage facility Agricultural air-fields. The main source of negative effects on environment and population have former agricultural air-fields. Till 1980, in collective farms of republic functioned altogether 40 air-fields, which include pesticides storage facilities, water-pits, containers for preparation of process solutions and loading mechanisms. Nowadays, no one of the air-fields is functioning; many of them are completely liquidated (photo 2.3.1.4). From 37 of examined air-fields, were revealed 13 partly preserved airfield with hard coating. а) Photo 2.3.1.4 Destroyed pesticides storage fa cility (а) and place for preparation of pesti cides solutions (b) with in agricultural air-field b) Photo: GEF/UNEP Project Country information Practically all agricultural air-fields with ground lining and majority of constant air-fields (with hard coating) are used for growing of various agricultural plants; also the pasturing of domestic animals is sometimes observed. All storage facilities within agricultural air-fields are destroyed. Building materials, pesticides remainders and empty containers are taken out by population. Availability of empty pesticides containers. 39 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 The serious attention should be paid to the empty pesticides containers, because they pose a great threat for human health and en vironment. During the period of intensive use of pesticides, there were a lot of empty con tainers; however, only their small part – pre dominantly in unfit condition, was returned to the storage facilities. Sending containers to the pesticides producing factories was not or ganized appropriately due to expensiveness of transportation. At the same time, the empty containers were transported from storage facili ties to the pesticides burial places, where were buried altogether 50 thousand units, including 33 thousands in Vahshski and 17 thousands in Kanibadamski burial places. Mainly, it was metal and plastic containers. Presently, only in certain storage facilities may be found the insignificant number of pes ticides containers in unsatisfactory condition. Containers in proper condition, mainly plastic 5 – 10 liters containers, are widely used by popu lation for keeping of drinking water, oils, flour and other foodstuff and things. Unfit containers are thrown away to the dumps of solid munici pal wastes and various pits. By use of empty pesticides containers for domestic purposes were observed the cases of peoples and ani mals poisoning. In accordance with existing information, nowadays, population uses about 40 thou sands containers, 80% of which are the plastic containers. In republic, there is the quick accumulation of plastic containers, but due to chemical stability of their materials, they shouldn’t be buried in pesticides burial places; and they shouldn’t be burned due to uncontrolled emissions of haz ardous incineration products to the ambient air. Pesticides burial places. For prevention of negative effects of disabled pesticides on peo ples and environment, the Government of Ta jik SSR accepted the Statement No. 104 from 13th March 1970 about allocation of land plots and building of Vahshski and Kanibadamski for burying and destruction of pesticides. Vahshski pesticides burial place is located in Hatlon region, in south-western direction from regional center. Territory of burial place is about 12 ha. The distance from it to Vahsh settlement is about 30 km, in 17 km there is Vahshski ir rigation channel; the distance to the nearest settlement Ak-Gaza is about 8 km. Vahshski burial place receives for burying the obsolete and forbidden pesticides from economical ob jects of Hatlon region, GBAO and RRS. Kanibadamski burial place is located in Sugd region in south-eastern direction in 7 km from Kanibadam city. Territory of burial place is about 2 ha. The territory of burial place is located hyp sometrically – 275 m higher of Kanibadam city with inclination of relief to the city, where there are two arterial channels and seven wells of various purposes. Kanibadamski burial place received forbidden and obsolete pesticides from economical objects of Sugd region, and also from frontier districts of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Before choosing of land plot for Kanibadam ski burial place no any engineering-technical, hydro-technical and sanitary-ecological re searches were conducted. No the same ma terials on any investigations were found con cerning Vahshski burial place. Certain researches were conducted in Kani badamski burial place only in 1990. As a result, As a result was revealed that this plot, from geological point of view, contains mud-stone stream sediments with pebbles, boulders and gravel. Such layer is characterized by high pen etrability for precipitations with components of various substances, including pesticides. The bottom and sides of trenches are not isolated. That is why, they are potentially dangerous for the environment. Pesticides were buried and sometimes burned here. During 1973 – 1991, in Vahshski burial place were buried about 7500 tons of various pesticides, including about 3000 tons of DDT; in Kanibadamski burial place - 3000 tons, including 30 tons of polidofen (20% of DDT + 40% of toxaphene), 100 of DDT and 4000 tons of HCH. Nowadays, the condition of this burial place is extremely bad, and it is the great problem. In last years was liquidated there guarding, also, there is no any control of their function ing. Lack of fencing and guarding in pesticides burial places made them accessible for local population and domestic animals. Sluice, built in former time in this burial place for collection of rain and mud-torrent flows, are destroyed. It contributes to contamination of located below territories with pesticides, in case if they will be washed down by precipitations. Presently, due to great deficit of pesticides, local population digs out these pesticides, in cluding forbidden ones, illegally in burial plac es and then sells them under various names (photo 2.3.1.5). Assessment of pops problem in the country 40 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Country information Photo 2.3.1.6 Surface of burial place, contaminated by excavated pesticides All over the territory lie the empty metallic and plastic containers (photo 2.3.1.7). а) Vahshski burial place Photo 2.3.1.7 «Storing» of pesticides containers in burial places b) Kanibadamski burial place Photo: UNEP/GRID-Arendal Photo: GEF/UNEP Project Photo 2.3.1.5 «Excavation» of pesticides in burial place Photo: GEF/UNEP Project Extraction of buried pesticides is realized both by hand and by technical equipments; the great scattering of pesticides, leading to contamination of burial place’s territory, is observed (photo2.3.1.6). 41 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 High temperature during summer period and intensive solar radiation contribute to decom position and evaporation of pesticides, and repeated winds of local origin, and often wind storms stipulate the spreading of objectionable odor and transmission of harmful substances to the significant distances. Further functioning of Vahshski burial place is not admissible without observation of rules on sanitary and ecological safety. First of all, it is necessary to realize following measures on its accomplishment: cleaning of territory from scattering pesti-• cides and their containers with consequent burying in accordance with appropriate standards and rules; reparation of sluices for collection of rain • and mud flows; rehabilitation of cautions signs in adjoining • territories, fencing of burial place for pre vention of free access of population and animals. Concerning Kanibadamski burial place was accepted the Decision of Executive Commit tee of Kanibadamski City’s Public Council No. 232 from 20th October 1989: “To close the burial place for receiving of pesticides and their containers; and apply to Regional Execu tive Committee and Regional “Selhozhimia” Organization with request to solve issue about re-location of burial place in one month”. How ever, till nowadays this Decision is not imple mented. Presently, it is necessary to assess the con dition of burial places for elaboration of tech nical documentation on their neutralization (sterilization). The National Register on obsolete and for bidden pesticides, including POPs-containing ones, revealed during initial inventory, is pre sented in the Annex A 5. Brief review of existing monitoring data (environment, foodstuff and human organ ism). In connection with reformation process in the state agricultural system, the realizing of appropriate control of pesticides’ quality, registration and observation of rules on their use became complicated. The often chemical treatments against pests are inefficient, but at the same time, it leads to contamination of en vironment. In this connection, it is of a great necessity to establish the strong system on control of pes ticides import and export. Besides, it is impor tant to improve the public awareness raising process and to increase the professional level of land-users in sphere of harmful properties of pesticides, especially POPs-related ones. Only in this case peoples can avoid the situa tion, when, instead of benefit, pesticides’ use will bring damage for environment and human health. The incomplete data of certain researches confirm the availability of pesticides, including organochloric ones in soils of irrigated fields; the maximum permissible concentration is ex ceeded in 3 – 5 times. Investigations, conducted by Tajik Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology within Ministry of Health, conducted in 1985, revealed in cer tain agricultural plants the pesticides residu als with 6 times exceeding of maximum per missible concentrations. Also, were revealed facts of high concentration of pesticides in vegetative foodstuffs and in breast milk of ru ral women (DDT and its metabolites, γ-HCH). In vegetation products (in 19% of samples) were revealed following: DDT and its metabo lites, γ-HCH, BI-58, and such pesticides as sevin, butifos and nitrophenol. In examined cattle breeding products (dairy produce) were revealed DDT and its metabolites, γ-HCH: in butter and sour cream the DDT availability was about 0,05 mg/kg; in sheep’s and pig fat the DDT availability was from 0,04 to 0,08 mg/ kg; γ-HCH – from 0,02 to 9,14 mg/kg. In fish, delivered from local fish-breeding farms were revealed: DDT residuals till 0,16 mg/kg and γ-HCH residuals till 0,008 mg/kg. In 1995, by examination of irrigation waters with pesticides, conducted by Tajik Institute of Preventive Medicine of the Republic of Tajiki stan, were revealed following: DDT availability from 0,1 to 0,4 mg/l and γ-HCH – from 0,09 to 3,5 mg/l. the γ-HCH residual after treatment of land with land technical means varied from 0,09 to 1,13 mg/l and after aviation treatment – from 0,20 to 0,25 mg/l; it confirms the ex ceeding of maximum permissible concentra tion for open water reservoirs in 10 – 12 times (maximum permissible concentration for open water reservoirs is 0,02 mg/l). In channel wa ter, which is used as drinking water in some ru ral localities due to lack of water pipe system, the availability of DDT and its metabolites and γ-HCH were from 0,01 to 0,02 mg/l. In 2001, Ministry of Health of RT and Feder al Environmental Agency of Germany (UMV EL BUNDESAMT) conducted in 49 districts of republic the examination of underground and Assessment of pops problem in the country 42 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 surface water sources on availability of aldrin, dieldrin, DDT and its metabolites. The results are following: in surface waters of Dushanbe city, Faizabadski, Hojamastonski, Vahshski, Kanibadamski and Zafarabadski districts were revealed DDT and its metabolites, aldrin and γ-HCH in quantities, exceeding the standards of drinking water quality. In water of artesian wells there were no revealed even the residu als of pesticides. The alarming factor is the revelation of residuals of DDT and its metab olites - 0,04 – 0,05mg/l, and γ-HCH - 0,02 – 0,04 mg/l in breast milk. In 2005, by examination of Sanitary Protec tive Zone of Tajik Aluminum Factory it was revealed that pesticides availability in soils samples varied from 2 to 14 mg/kg, including POPs-relates pesticides – from 0,08 to 7,18 mg/kg of soil. The main contaminants are: DDT and its metabolites, HCH isomers, eptam and ovex, the share of which is, correspond ingly, 83%, 60%, 36% and 50% from total number of revealed pesticides. Thus, the ex ceeding of maximum permissible concentra tion of DDT and its metabolites in soil is from 6 to 100 times, HCH (sum of isomers) – from 2 to 40 times. Moreover, the residuals of HCB, dursban, lindan, prometrin and in two samples – aldrin and dieldrin we also revealed. Such indicators allow to consider this territory to po tential “hot spots”. 2.3.2. Assessment of chemical substanc es in accordance with Annex A, Part II (PCBs). In accordance with Annex А, Part II of Convention, the following should be done: immediate stopping of new PCBs produc-• tion; stopping use of PCB-containing equipment • till 2015; in maximally short period, but not later than • 2028, it is necessary to conduct the ecologi cally safe removal of PCB-containing fluids and equipment, contaminated with PCB. PCB storages. On the territory of Tajikistan, there are no any volumes of clean PCBs or PCB-containing oils. In accordance with data of former Ministry of Energy, during last thirty years there were no deliveries of PCB-contain ing transformer’s oils; and in electro-technical equipment are used mainly the PCB-free oils of Т-1500У types, oils of selective cleaning, turbine oils Тп-22с and etc. PCB-containing equipment. the main PCB consumer was electro-technical industry. In Tajikistan, the PCB-containing transformers and capacitors were never produced; they were imported mainly from republics of for mer Soviet Union. Solution of PCB problem in Tajikistan began from conducting of initial in ventory of PCBs and PCB-containing equip ment. Altogether, inventory was conducted in 190 enterprises, including 43 enterprises of former Ministry of Energy, and 147 enterprises of vari ous industrial branches (non-ferrous metallur gy, food, textile, chemical industry and etc.) Transformers. Till now, in Tajikistan are ex ploited the flame-proof transformers, filled in with PCB-containing sampling liquid dielectric. Transformer oils of TNZ, TNZP, TNP) and oth ers contain PCBs. On the results of initial inventory, in 4 en terprises of industrial sector of Tajikistan are used 12 transformers of TNZP-1600/10, TNZ 1000/10 TNZ-630/10, TNP-400/10 (ТНЗП 1600/10, ТНЗ-1000/10, ТНЗ-630/10, ТНП 400/10) types, produced by “Transformetor” Ltd., Chirchik city. One transformer of TNZ 400/10 type (“Nilufar” Ltd., Isfara city) is de commissioned. The total number of sovtol in transformers is 20,5 tons. Capacitors. PCBs used also as insolating liquid in power condensers. Capacitors are like transformers from point of view of PCBs containing. However, the difference is that they are always hermetic. Consequently, the issue of servicing and reparation is not the main one, in case if capacitor is hermetic and in a good condition. At the end of operation life, they pose the same threat as transformers. As a rule, the dielectric material in capacitors is sampling liquid dielectric, which contains or may contain TCD (trichlorobiphenyl). The results of conducted inventory showed that in 44 industrial enterprises of republic there are 2743 PCB-containing capacitors; and only in one enterprise of Ministry of Energy (Sha bakahoi Barkii, Dushanbe city) were revealed 21 capacitors of КСО-0,38-12,5 type. Number of PCB-containing capacitors is 2764, where the volume of PCBs is 61,7 tons. The total volume of PCBs in capacitors and transformers is 82,2 tons. The great part of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment is used in non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy 57% or 47,0 tons of PCB; about 13% - lo cal industry, and 11% - light industry (Diagram 2.3.2.1). Country information 43 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Cotton-processing; 0,681 t; 1% chinery construction; 3,635 t; 4% Food; 2,156 t; 3% Light; 8,778 t; 11% Local; 10,502 t; 13% Building; 2,227 t; 3% Other branchers; 1,137 t; 1% Electro-energenic; 0,147 t; 0, 01% Chemical; 5,782 t; 7% Ferrous and nonferrobs metallurgy; 47,021 t; 57% Diagram 2.3.2.1 Distribution of PCBs in industrial branches of Tajikistan, 2003. In administrative context of PCBs distribution, the main share belongs to RRS (44,248 tons or 54%), and mainly due to its consumption by State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Company”, located in Tursunzadevski district (Diagram 2.3.2.2). Dushanbe city; 14,284 t.; 17% Regoins ot Republican Subordination; 44,248 t.; 54% Hatlon region; 0,829 t.; 1% Sugd region; 22,705 t.; 28% Diagram 2.3.2.2 Distribution of PCBs in regions, 2003. Assessment of pops problem in the country During conducting of initial inventory, no one case of use TCD, Sovol or Sovtol as hydraulic fluids was revealed. PCB-containing wastes. Data received from 47 industrial enterprises showed that PCB volume in decommissioned PCB-containing electro-technical equipment (transformers and capacitors) is 14,4 tons. This equipment relates to PCB-containing wastes. At the mo ment of inventory conducting, the decommis sioned and removed equipment was found in State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Fac tory”, State Enterprise “Tojik Cement”, “Korho nai Armaturi” Ltd., “Korhonai Mebel” Ltd., and others. The total number of decommissioned electro-technical equipment is 601 (22% from all revealed number). The received data were classified and pre sented both in territorial aspect (Diagram 2.3.2.3) and in aspect of industrial branches (Diagram 2.3.2.4). 44 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Diagram 2.3.2.3 Distribution of PCB-containing wastes on regions, 2003. Regions of Republican Subordination; 3,956 t; 28% Sugd region; 1,322 t; 9% Dushanbe city; 8,323 t; 58% Hatlon region; 0,782 t; 5% The main part of PCB-containing wastes relates to enterprises of light industry (48%), production and processing of non-ferrous and ferrous metals (28%) and chemical industry (12%) (Diagram 2.3.2.4). Machinery construction; 0,92 t.; 6% Food; 0,206 t.; 1% Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy; 3,956 t.; 28% Chemical; 1,782 t.; 12% Other branches; 0,335 t.; 2% Building; 0,207 t.; 1% Local; 0,246 t.; 2% Light; 6,731 t.; 48% Diagram 2.3.2.4. Distribution of PCB-containing wastes on industrial branches, 2003. Country information Photo 2.3.2.1 «Keeping» of decommissioned PCB-containing capacitors in the enterprise. Most often, the decommissioned transformers and capacitors are kept in the open-air or along the walls of workshops on the territory of enterprises without observation of elementary safety measures. (photo 2.3.2.1). Photo: GEF/UNEP Project 45 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 The cases of many capacitors, even of the used ones, are corroded, and the traces of PCB leakage are visible (photo 2.3.2.2). In places with big number of such equipment there is the PCB odor, and it is the serious threat for health of both workers in these enterprises and popu lation of neighboring settlements. The attention should be paid to the fact that Tajikistan is the country with high solar radiation, contributing to increasing of PCB evaporation. Photo 2.3.2.2 Exploited PCB-containing capacitors with corroded cases. Nowadays, State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Factory” prepares the appropriate documentation for establishment on its territory the special place for temporary keeping of de commissioned equipment till its destruction in accordance with all requirements, intended for such objects. Perhaps, this storage facility will operate not only for State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Factory” but also for industrial enterprises of central and southern regions of the country. For enterprises, located in north ern part of Tajikistan, should be established the temporary storage facility in of Sugd region. Besides primary wastes (fluids and decom missioned equipment), the great number may form as secondary wastes by means of leak age of PCB-containing fluids, which will con taminate the environment (soil, building sites, uncontrolled dumps of solid wastes and etc.). The source of environment contamination is also the thrown to the dump small PCB-con taining electronic equipment. It is the risk of uncontrolled accumulation of PCB-containing elements in environmental components. It is obviously that formation of PCB-contain ing wastes will increase in consequent years. Exact data on quantity of such wastes will be received after conducting of detailed inventory of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment. Testing of transformer oils. During the pro cess of initial inventory of PCB-containing equipment, there were no cases of use PCB containing oils in transformers, filled in with mineral oils. Moreover, the official answer of “Tajikenergosnab” Dushanbe Enterprise of Material and Technical Provision – main re cipient of transformer oils, confirmed that PCB containing oils for filling in of electro-technical equipment were never imported to Tajikistan. In this connection, taking of samples from transformers, filled in with mineral oils, for con ducting of expensive analyses on PCBs avail ability, was unreasonable during the initial in ventory. Nevertheless, during inventory on 25 enter prises of Ministry of Energy and Industry were taken samples of transformer oils for conduct ing of simple test for determination of PCBs availability: test on density (oil samples) and test on chlorine availability (oil samples). In both cases: test on density and test on chlorine availability, the results were negative. All enterprises of electricity nets of the Minis try of Energy and Industry, and also Dushanbe Heat and Power Plant, Nurek Hydro Power Station have the chemical laboratories, which conduct regularly the physicochemical analysis of transformer oils. Analyses of last 30 years showed that density of transformer oils not ex ceeded 1 g/cm3, i.e. it was always lower than water density, and it is the confirmation of PCB absence in them. In State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Factory” was conducted inventory and testing of transformer oils in all operated transformers (512 units) for PCB availability. The received results showed that PCB is available only in 2 transformers of ТНЗП-1600/10 type (oil density 1,560), in all other 510 transformers of ATPOM, ATF, TMZ, TM, TDNP, OD and TDD types the density of transformer oils varies in the limits 0,855 - 0,880 g/cm3. Thus, during initial inventory of PCB-contain ing electro-technical equipment in Tajikistan, 612 transformers were tested. National PCB Register is presented in Annex A6. 2.3.3. Assessment of chemical substances in accordance with Annex B (DDT). Chemical substances, the use of which should be limited, are listed in Annex B of Stockholm Convention. DDT relates to these substances. Photo: GEF/UNEP Project Assessment of pops problem in the country 46 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 In accordance with Article 4, there are fol lowing provisions of Convention concern ing DDT: to stop production and use, excepting use in • the limits of programs on combat against car riers of dangerous diseases; to support scientific researches and elabora-• tion of safe DDT alternatives; to register, by means of sending written no-• tification to the Secretariat, concrete exemp tions to the Annex B by receiving status of Stockholm Convention Party, and availability of request about prolongation of such regis tration; to present serious basis for such pro longation (Article 4, Item 3). DDT is the substance of Convention, which production and use should be limited. Produc tion and use are necessary only for control of diseases spreading. Its production is permit ted also in case, if DDT is the intermediate of declofol production or the self-contained system with limited space, where is observed the chemical transformation by production of chemicals without POPs properties. Limitations of DDT use are based on its valu able properties for protection of human health (for example: vector control for prevention of malaria and encephalitis). The time period, defined for exemption on cer tain chemicals, is usually, 3 years or less from the moment of coming Convention into force. On the base of request or due to extraordinary situation may be accepted the decision on the Conference of Parties concerning prolongation of exemption for additional 3-year period. Parties, requesting permission for exemp tion, should submit the report to Secretarial, which will be considered during Conference of Parties for elaboration of recommendations to the country, which needs in this exemption. Agriculture. In Tajikistan, DDT was never produced, but it used for protection of agricul tural fields from detrimental insects, and also in veterinary, in households and in health care. During period from 1960 to 1971, for use in ag riculture and forestry were imported about 105 thousand tons of DDT. Nowadays, DDT is not included to the list of permitted preparations for use in agriculture and forestry. As a result of the fact that DDT was forbid den more than 30 years ago, all information about its distribution inside republic is lost, and it is impossible to make the assessment on the documentation. At the same time, in accor dance with experts’ opinion, DDT is still used in certain rural locations, which have their former stocks, because they don’t know about condi tion of this overdue pesticide. Health care. The official malaria combat in Ta jikistan began in 30th years of the last century, when the number of morbidity reached 100-200 thousand peoples per year*. Decreasing of mor bidity slowed slightly in 1941 – 1945, and then continued to decrease till 1954. In that year, the number of patients still was 10 thousands per year, and it was made a decision about complete liquidation of malaria in Tajikistan. As a result of mass anti-malaria measures, and mainly thankful to introduction of DDT – strong insecticide, the morbidity in consequent 6 years decreased more that in 100 times. Average in republic, the intensive indicator of morbidity de creased to less than 10 patients per 100 thou sand of population. In this connection, mass anti-malaria measures were stopped. However, on this background revealed a new factor (the importance of which was formerly underestimated) – high level of transmission of malaria from Afghanistan to neighboring vil lages of Tajikistan. For conservation of reached epidemiological favorable situation, it was nec essary to continue the relieved complex of mea sures on DDT treatment in frontier zone with Afghanistan. In 50 – 60th years, the existing tactics of entire DDT treatment all over malaria zone in the country was replaced with varied measures accordingly to epidemiological pe culiarities of various types of zones. The entire DDT treatment was conducted only in zones of independent endemic outbreaks. Thankful to such approach, the favorable epidemiologi cal situation in republic was stable during 18 years (1963 – 1980), i.e. in problematic zone (8 frontier administrative districts) were registered only 135 local patients in 25 malaria pestholes. The supporting of relative malaria-free situ ation in frontier zones was stipulated also by anti-malaria measures in Afghanistan, which were conducted by specialists from USSR dur ing period from 1971 – 1978. At the first time in 1978 the three-day malaria was carried from frontier zone to the territory of Tajikistan (Ku lyab city). The local epidemiological outbreak (more than 100 cases) was the dangerous symptom of breaking system of the epidemio logical control. As a consequence, the multiple cases of ma laria carrying during military actions in Afghani stan (transmission with military men, relatives of local population, refugees and etc.) are con sidered as the reason of great malaria epidem ic in Tajikistan (map 2.3.3.1). Country information 47 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 2002-2005 (38 regions) 1992-2001 (62 regions) 1980-1991 (18 regions) Map 2.3.3.1. Districts of Tajikistan, where the local malaria cases were registered. Source of information: Republican Center on Tropical Diseases within Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, March 2006. Assessment of pops problem in the country The scale of this epidemic was not known ex actly due to internal instability and civil conflict in republic during the beginning of 90th years. In accordance with data of WHO experts, the morbidity was registered in all regions; the number of patients in 1996 was about several dozens thousands, and in following years this indicator increased including tropical malaria cases. The highest level of morbidity was in Kurgan-Tyube and Kulyab groups of region; and it was visible, that malaria situation in Ta jikistan was beyond control and became more dangerous than in 30th years of previous cen tury.* The single, but important difference was share of tropical malaria was rather little. Taking into consideration the risk of such situation, the group of leading specialists of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan and WHO experts elaborated the First National Programme on Malaria Control for the years 1997 – 2005; the Programme was approved by Governmental Statement of the Republic of Ta jikistan N 342 from August 1997. USAID, CDC, UNICEF, WFP, ECO, MERLIN and ACTED were the partners of WHO Programme “Ma laria Turn Back” in Tajikistan. Purposes of Programme on Malaria Control in the Republic Tajikistan were following: short- and medium-term: to prevent the mortal cases from malaria;• to stop and prevent out-breaks and epidem-• ics; to decrease morbidity / spreading of malaria;• to prevent the renovation of malaria carrying • and preserve territories where malaria was already eradicated. long-term: to stop spreading of P. Falciparum malaria • (by 2010); to stop spreading malaria completely (by • 2015). Anti-malaria measures in 1998 – 2005 were conducted in Tajikistan by use of POPs-free preparations, such as Aikon, Solfac, Perme trin, triton and Malation, which were delivered to the country as the humanitarian assistance. During this period, the number of malaria cas es decreased from 30 000 to 3 000 Diagram 2.3.3.1). In connection with completion of First Na tional Programme period and continuation of malaria spreading, the Government of the Re public of Tajikistan approved new “Programme on Tropical Diseases (Malaria) Control in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period of 2006 – 2010” by the Statement No. 502 from 30th December 2005. From January 2006, by the financial support of Government of the Re public of Tajikistan and Global Fund on AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Control, started the work on this Programme realization. Within Government of republic was established Na tional Coordination Committee on AIDS, Tu berculosis and Malaria Control, which included representatives of governmental, nongovernmental, religious and public or ganizations. Main tasks of Programme on Malaria Control and Project of Global Fund in Tajikistan: improvement capacities of special anti-• malaria service and health care system in whole; improvement of access to early diagnosis • and appropriate treatment of malaria; providing effective and sustainable control of • malaria carriers; improvement capacities on early revelation • and prevention of malaria epidemics; * - A.Ya. Lysenco, A.V. Kondrashin «Malariologia», WHO, Geneva - 1999, p. 146. 48 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Diagram 2.3.3.1 Dynamics of malaria morbidity in Tajikistan in 1996 – 2005. Country information strengthening of epidemiological control • system, including existing mechanisms on monitoring and evaluation; capacity building in research sphere;• 30000 25000 20000 15000 N um be r of c as es 10000 5000 0 1996 1997 2004 2005 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year public awareness raising and involvement • of population to the activities on malaria prevention and control. Source of information: Republican Center on Tropical Diseases within Ministry of Health of the Republic of Ta jikistan, March 2006. Current malaria situation in Tajikistan (the source of information – Republican Center on Tropical Diseases Control within Ministry of Health of the Republic Tajikistan, map 2.3.3.2.). Regions, where malaria is the serious health care problem: Hatlon region (pink color) and Regions of Republican Subordination (RRS) (blue color). In Sugd region – northern part (yellow color); RRS – central part and Gor no-Badahshan Autonomous Oblast – Vanch, Darvoz and Rushon (green color) the malaria outbreaks are neutralized, but local cases of malaria are registered here yearly; there is a high risk of new malaria outbreaks. In south ern part of Sugd region and in northern part of RRS are registered the sporadic malaria cas es, and here also is the risk of further malaria spreading. During last two years, the cases of local malaria cases transmission were not reg istered both in eastern part of RRS and Gor no-Badahshan Autonomous Oblast (excluding Darvoz, Vanch and Rushon districts). The prognosis of malaria spreading in Tajiki stan is not favorable. About 4,5 millions of peoples or 64% from total population of republic live in zones of po tential malaria risk. Appearance of the endemic malaria in south ern districts of Tajikistan. The situation is aggravated by spreading of drug resistant p.falciparum malaria in Tajiki stan. In Tajikistan is registered the high level of un successful treatment of p.falciparum malaria cases with chlorochin and sulphadoxin-primet amin. The aggravation of malaria situation in fron tier with Afghanistan districts is observed. In accordance with evaluation data, if the ap propriate measures against malaria carriers will be not undertaken, the number of malaria cases in Tajikistan may reach 250 000 – 300 000. Nowadays, USA renders support to the republic by delivering DDT alternatives, and in particular alfacipermetrin in framework of Project “Global Fund on HIV/AIDS and Ma laria Control”. The price of these preparations is significantly higher that DDT, and such price is unacceptable for Tajikistan, which is a country with relatively small budget. High price of anti-malaria measures was formerly and is now the serious obstacle in sphere of malaria control both in developing countries and in countries with economy in transition, such as Tajikistan. 49 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Risk of malaria transmission renovation Sporadic malaria cases are registered/ risk of outbreaks Epidemic type Map 2.3.3.2 Stratification of malaria in Tajikistan, 2005. Source of information: Republican Center on Tropical Diseases within Ministry of Health of the Republic of Ta jikistan, March 2006. In spite of existing malaria situation in the country, Ministry of Health of Tajikistan con siders that for malaria control should be used only DDT alternatives (i.e. preparations, which have not the POPs properties). If in Tajikistan the epidemiological control will be not strengthened, the republic may become a main “donor” of malaria for many countries in the world, and first of all, for CIS countries, especially taking into consideration the migra tory processes, which are more and more in tensive. 2.3.4. Assessment of emission of unin tentionally produced chemical substanc es, included to the Annex C (dioxins and furans). In the Article 5 of Convention is specified following concerning unintentionally pro duced POPs: to decrease, and if possible, completely stop the emissions of chemical substances, listed in Annex C, Part I (dioxins and furans), produced by anthropogenic sources. 2.3.4.1. Structure of sources of the dioxins and furans emission to the atmosphere. The significant part of formation of uninten tionally produced POPs (uPOPs) and their emission to the environment is realized by ther mal processes and by availability of organic substances and chlorine as a result of incom plete burning or chemical reaction process. In accordance with Annex C of Convention, the definition of main sources of dioxins and furans emissions to the environment is follow ing: Annex C, Part II: Categories of sources, leading to relatively high level of formation and emission of dioxins and furans to the environ ment: installations for combustion of wastes, includ-• ing ones for combined combustion of munici pal, hazardous and medical wastes or sedi ments of sewages; cement kilns for combustion of hazardous • wastes; production of cellulose with use of elemen-• Assessment of pops problem in the country 50 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 tary chlorine or substances, forming elemen tary chlorine for bleach; following thermal processes in metallurgy:• secondary copper production; agglomeration installations on enterprises of ferrous metallurgy; secondary aluminum production; secondary zinc production. To the above-mentioned important sources, the Convention adds following potential sources: Annex С, Part III: Categories of sources: combustion of wastes, including garbage • dumps, in the open air; thermal processes in the enterprises of met-• allurgical industry, not included to the Annex II; sources, connected with combustion pro-• cesses in households; combustion of fossil fuel in boilers of munici-• pal and industrial systems; installations for combustion of woods and • other bio-mass fuel; certain processes on production of chemical • substances, connected with emission of uP OPs and, first of all, chlorophenol and chlo raniline; crematoria;• transport means, and first of all, using ethyl-• ized fuel; combustion of carcasses;• dyeing (with use of chloraniline) and process-• ing of material in textile and tanning industry (by use of alkali extraction); installations for processing of decommis-• sioned vehicles; treatment of copper cables with smolder;• enterprises of processing of waste oil.• 2.3.4.2. Potential sources of unintentionally produced POPs in Tajikistan. As a result of initial inventory, from 10 catego ries of potential sources of dioxins and furans, described in “Methodical Manual on Revela tion and Quantitative Assessment of Dioxins and Furans Emissions”, the most significant for Tajikistan are following: Category № 2. Production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals (sub-category c) produc tion of cast iron and steel (foundry), e) alumi num production, d)copper production, f) lead production, h) brass production, j)production of other non-ferrous metals), Aluminum production: Energy resources of Tajikistan are 527 billions kilowatt / hour, from which only one fourth may be used effective ly. Taking into consideration the availability of cheap electric power, in republic was built the large-scale enterprise on aluminum pro duction: State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Alumi num Company”, located in Tursunzadeh city. In 2002, Tajik Aluminum Company produced 307,6 thousand tons and in 2003 – 320 thou sand tons of aluminum (it is the high quality of aluminum of highest and high types of various kinds: ingots; T-shaped, cylindrical and large sized bars up to 10 tons; rolled wire of various profile and etc.); planned productive capacity of this Company is 500 thousand tons of alumi num per year. Metallic aluminum is produced by electrolytic regeneration in electrolysis baths with use of graphitic anodes (burnt anodes), which are produced in this plant. By production of graphitic anodes is used the great number of petroleum coke. Burning of “green” anodes is conducted in glowing furnaces. There is limited information on unintentionally producing of dioxins and furans in this sector. It is not considered as a large source of emission. At the same time, such scientists of Russia, as N. A. Klyuev, B. A. Kurlandski, B. A. Revich and B. N. Filatov, emphasized in the book “Dioxins in Russia” (2001) that in Krasnoyarsk city was re vealed following: the share of these substances emission to atmosphere from aluminum factory is 70%, and 22% of total emission of dioxins and furans from all enterprises of city accumu lated on the land surface. The highest level of dioxins and furans emissions was registered by production of burned anodes. Aluminum production from scrap iron, con taining aluminum, is realized, besides Tajik Aluminum Factory, in several enterprises of republic, which are located in Sugd region: “Kairakkum Carpets” Ltd. (Kairakkum city), “Bodom” Ltd. (Kanibadam city), “Hunar” Ltd. (Hujand city) and Shurabski Mechanical Fac tory (Shurab city). In 2003, in these enterprises were smelt 460 tons of secondary aluminum. The secondary aluminum production is realized in cupola-furnaces and induction furnaces. Production of cast iron and steel (foundry production): there are no special enterprises in Tajikistan for production of cast iron and steel, but their secondary processing (smelting) is realized by following enterprises: “LKRM” Ltd., TSMM”BPIP Ltd., “China-Tajik-Metallik” Ltd., “Bodom” Ltd., “Kairakkum Carpets” Ltd., “Lal” Ltd., “Nauselmash” Ltd., Tajik Aluminum Company, State Unitary Enterprise “Tajiktextil mash”, “Humo” Ltd. (former “Tajikgidroagregat” Ltd.) and “Korhona Armaturi”. Country information 51 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Copper production: copper production is re alized in “LKRM” Ltd. in Sugd region. In 2003, in this enterprise were produced 5 tons of cop per from scrap iron. Melting of scrap iron is made in copper furnace. For cleaning of gases is used “Cyclone TSN-15”. Emissions are un der the control. Dioxins and furans emission depends on scrap-iron composition. Lead production: in 2003, from scrap iron, received by processing of vehicles’ accumula tors, in “Grant” Enterprise of “Sadaf” Ltd. (Hu jand city of Sugd region) were received 0,5 tons of lead. The smelting is realized in injection molding machine; for cleaning of waste gases is used the bag collector. Brass production: in 2003, in “Bodom” Ltd. was produced 40 tons of brass. The brass pro duction is realized in induction furnaces; there is no any system for air contamination control. Production of other non-ferrous metals and alloys: in “LKRM” Ltd. (Hujand city of Sugd region) is produced the aluminum-vanadium ligatures (alloys). The main raw material for ligatures production is vanadium oxide (Y) (V2О5) and aluminum powder (AP-4). In 2003, the volume of ligatures production was about 200 tons. “Vostokredmet” Ltd. (Chkalovsk city of Sugd region), together with production from non-traditional kinds of raw materials of clean vanadium oxide (Y) (V2О5) and parting of gold and silver, is produced the alloy of ferromo lybdenum from technical molybdenum oxide. In 2003, this enterprise produced this alloy in volume of 1900 tons. The ferromolybdenum alloy is produced also in “Rasuliyon” Ltd. (Hu jand city of Sugd region), where as the starting materials are used the ingots of refractory and rare metals. In 2003, this enterprise produced ferromolybdenum in volume of 2000 tons. The waste gases from both these enterprises are cleaned through multi-stage cyclone system, scrubbers, dust-suppression chambers and mist separators. Category № 3. Production of electric and ther mal energy (sub-categories: a) electrical boilers on fossil fuel; d) heating of houses on bio-fuel; and e) heating of houses on fossil fuel). Dushanbe Heat and Power Plant and Yavan Heat and Power Plant (not functioning now), and also the installations, producing thermal power for heating houses with fossil fuel and bio-fuel (mainly natural gas) are the potential sources of dioxins and furans. General power production in republic in 2003 was 16407 millions kilowatt/hour; including 102,866 millions kilowatt/hour (0,6%) were produced by Dushanbe Heat and Power Plant with use as fossil fuel, mainly, natural gas. For power production in industry are used various installations: from small furnaces with automatic stokes to large complicate systems with steam generated units, which were built mainly in 50-80th years of former century, and control of contaminations emission – cyclone, scrubbers and electric filters. However, the ma jority of dust/gas cleaning devices are already technically and physically obsolete; that is why, the quality of cleaning is not higher than 60%. In 2003, in accordance with State Statistics Committee data, total consumption of natural gas was 1410 thousand tons of standard coal; black oil – 329,5 thousand tons of standard coal; and coal – 3,8 thousand tons of standard coal. In 2003, the municipal sector used: gas 447,61 thousand tons of standard coal; black oil – 0,096 thousand tons of standard coal; and coal – 0,284 thousand tons of standard coal. Rural population of republic, due to lack of access to natural gas and coal, due to limita tion of electricity supply especially in winter pe riod, uses mainly bio-fuel: firewood and guza poya – cotton stalks (photo2.3.4.1) for heating of houses and cooking. Assessment of pops problem in the country Photo 2.3.4.1 Use of guza poya in household for cooking Photo: GEF/UNEP Project 52 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Category № 4. Production from mineral raw materials (sub-categories: а) cement furnaces, b) lime production; с) bricks production; f) as phalt blends production). There are in republic about 50 enterprises on building materials production, which are con sidered as sources of dioxins and furans. Cement production: State Unitary Enterprise “Tojiksement” (Dushanbe city) – is the single enterprise in republic on cement production; in 2003 it produced 193,6 thousand tons of ce ment. Cement is produced by liquid method. The temperature regime in rotary furnaces is supporting on the level of 1200 – 1450 0С, and this factor excluded the formation of dioxins and furans in great volumes. Temperature of waste gases in the place of exit is not higher than 3000 С; as a fuel is used here the natural gas. It is considered that clinker contains no any dioxins and furans, but dioxins and furans are formed and then are thrown with dust after combustion of fuel. The waste gases are cleaned by multi stage cleaning in de-duster chambers, electric filters UG-2-3-37 and UG-2-10, set of cyclones and cloth filter of FRKI-90 type. Dioxins and furans emission depends on effectiveness of waste gas cleaning by dust/gas cleaning de vices, which are seriously obsolete both techni cally and physically in “Tojiksement” Ltd. Production of building bricks: building bricks are produced in 20 enterprises of republic; the largest of them are: “KCM” Ltd. (Isfara city, Sugd region) – 22,5 thousand tons, State Uni tary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Company” – 9,4 thousand tons, “Farfor” Ltd. (Tursunzadeh city, RRS) – 9 thousand tons. In 2003, the total number of produced bricks was 98,2 thousand tons. Burning of raw bricks (feed stock is local clay) is realized in circular furnaces and tunnel kilns; the natural gas is used as a fuel. There is no contact of gas with burning gas. Dioxins and furans emission is stipulated by fuel com bustion; in all these plants there is no cleaning of waste gases. Lime production: lime is produced in 11 en terprises; the largest are: “Tajikhimprom” Ltd. (Yavan city, Hatlon region) – 53 thousand tons; “Stoimateriali” Ltd. (Dushanbe city) – 6 thou sand tons; in 2003, the volume of production was 60,9 thousand tons. The lime is produced by burning of limestone in, mainly, circular and shaft furnaces by the temperature about 12000 С, where the dioxins and furans formation is higher than in rotary furnaces. The rotary fur nace is only in “Tajikhinprom” Ltd. Asphalt blends production: asphalt blends are produced in 14 enterprises; the largest are: State Unitary Enterprise “Tajikair” (Former State Air Company of RT “Tojikistan”) (Dushan be city) – 50 thousand tons; Sugd Air-Enter prise – 30 thousand tons, Road Building Enter prise No. 11 (Penjikent city, Sugd region) – 15 thousand tons; in 2003, the volume of produc tion was 130,5 thousand tons. As a rule, the asphalt/concrete plants of republic have multi stage cleaning of waste gases. Ceramics and glass production: in 2003, in “Farfor” Ltd. (Tursunzadeh city, RRS) were produced 1842 thousand units of white-wares; in “Lal” Ltd. (Hujand city, Sugd region) – 20,5 tons of glass-mass. In “Lal” Ltd. (Hujand city, Sugd region), the waste gases are cleaned by the system of dust/gas cleaning; as a fuel is used, mainly, the natural gas. Category № 5. Transport (sub-categories: а) four-stroke carburetor engines; b) two-stroke carburetor engines, с) diesel engines). In 2003, total number of vehicles in Tajikistan was 192095 units, including 40239 for use of juridical persons (enterprises) and 151656 – for use of physical persons. Accordingly to State Statistics Committee data, the import and consumption of petrol in 2003 was all over republic: gasoline – 156,0 thousand tons, 10% from • this number is unleaded gasoline without catalyst (15,6 thousand tons); diesel oil – 180,5 thousand tons. • Category № 6. Uncontrolled combustion processes (subcategories: а) forest fires; b) fires, wastes burning, fires in industry and ac cidental fires). Accordingly to data of Ministry on Extraordi nary Situations, in 2003, the number of fires in state and private enterprises was 869, and in municipal sector – 403. Accordingly to data of former State Commit tee on Environment Protection and Forestry, the large-scale forest fire in republic in 2000 took place in nature reserve “Tigrovaya Bal ka”; 4,12 thousand ha of forest territory were destroyed by fire and 2,557 thousand tons of woods were burned. In 2003, the large-scale forest fires were not registered. There are no data about number of combust ed agricultural wastes in agricultural fields (in Tajikistan, only the remainders of crops, in par ticular wheat, are combusted in the fields). Solid municipal wastes (SMW). There is no any state statistics registration of formation Country information 53 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Photo 2.3.4.2. Burial place to SMW, Dushanbe city Photo: GEF/UNEP Project Assessment of pops problem in the country SMW in republic. There is no selective collec tion of SMW, incineration plants or wastes pro cessing plants in republic. Re-use or recycling of wastes is also not realized. Burying of SMW is the main method of their removal (photo 2.3.4.2). Morphological composition of SMW was changed during last 15 years . According ly to State Unitary Enterprise “Hojagii Manzili Kommunali”, in 2003, the share of polymeric wastes was 27,3 %, kitchen wastes (foodstuff remainders) – 35,0 %, leaves – 12,0 %, paper and cardboard – 11,0 %, glass and ceramics – 7,7 %, leather and metals – 5,0 %. Photo 2.3.4.3 Burning SMW burial place, Dushanbe city The volume of formed SMW is determined by number of constant urban population. In 2003, the volume of SMW was 1152,52 thousand tons, including 1084,51 thousand tons, removed for burying. In Tajikistan, the problem of SMW utilization is very serious; often, SMW are combusted directly in waste dumps; in SMW burial places there are cases of spontaneous ignition (photo 2.3.4.3). Tak ing into consideration the approximate data of State Unitary Enterprise “Hojagii Manzili Kommunali” and environmental agencies, about 1% of formed SMW are burnt yearly in SMW dumps of cities and approved burial places (11,53 thousand tons – 2003). Medical wastes. The process of medical wastes destruction is the significant source of dioxins and furans emission, because is not conducted appropriately. In many medical institutions of republic, especially in remote districts, the separate collection of medical wastes for their special treatment is not con ducted. For treatment and removal of medical wastes is used only chemical method of dis infection, by means of 0,5% chloride of lime solution. Such treatment may effect nega tively on health of workers, and also lead to ecological problems by combustion of these 54 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Фото: Проект ГЭФ/ЮНЕР Country information thrown out to the environment. The oil tank was not connected with combustion chamber. The temperature regime was not observed. In general, the work of small-scale incinerators was not appropriate, so the medical wastes were combusted not completely. Is supposed that in the process of wastes combustion by low temperatures, the unintentionally produc es POPs – dioxins and furans are formed. In these incinerators are combusted not only thrust wastes, formed after immunization, but also other types of medical wastes. For destruction of medical wastes (com bustion), and also expired medicines, and confiscated by customs services counterfeits, should be built the special (Biful) incinerators. Nowadays, the expired medicines are com busted in “Tajiktextilmash” Ltd. (Dushanbe city) in the aluminum meltdown furnace, which is not equipped with cleaning devices for waste gases (filters, scrubbers and etc.); it may lead to emission of a number of hazard ous substances to the atmosphere, including: nitric oxide, carbon and sulfur, benz(α)piren, and dioxins and furans. Introduction of BAT and BEP in this sphere is the key for solution of tasks on reduction of dioxins and furans emission and minimization of social problems of workers and local com munities. Category №7. Production of chemical sub stances and consumer goods (sub-catego ries: f) chemical substances production). In Tajikistan, there is no pulp-and-paper in dustry. “Tajikhimprom” Ltd. (Yavan city, Hatlon re gion) produces chlorinated inorganic chemi cal substances: chloride of lime, liquid chlo rine, hydrate of sodium (NaOH), kitchen salt, calcium chloride, quick lime and disinfectant “Belizna” - calcium chloride. In certain condi tions by production of above-mentioned sub stances, the formation of dioxins and furans is possible. In “Belizna” finished product, the concentration of dioxins is about 328,57 pg/kg. Category №10. Revelation of “hot spots” (sub-category: b) places of chlorine produc tion). Yavan and Tursunzadeh cities and the terri tories of their negative effects are considered as the “hot spots”. The sources of dioxins emissions on these territories are the agricul tural fields, which in former time were treated wastes after treatment by low temperature, when as a result the dioxins and furans are formed. Certain part of these wastes is used as the secondary raw materials for produc tion of polymeric commodities, which should be not used for foodstuff storing. Separation of medical wastes from other wastes and in accordance with categories in places of their formation is not conducted, in spite of neces sity of such work for minimization of wastes, which need in additional treatment. there are no in Tajikistan special incinerators for medi cal wastes. The effective system on medical wastes management in Tajikistan is not elaborated, that is why, the data about medical wastes formation and about volumes of annually destructed medical wastes are very approxi mate. On preliminary assessment, in 2003, the volume of medical wastes was about 70 thousand tons, including the polymeric ones – 2,0 thousand tons. The significant part of medical wastes is collected together with municipal wastes and removed to SMW burial places, or is buried in non-approved dumps, where often the spontaneous ignition of wastes take place, leading to formation of dioxins and furans. On the data of Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection, the share of medical wastes is about 5 – 7% from total number of SMW. In 2003, as a re sult of uncontrolled SMW combustion, which include the medical wastes, the emission of dioxins and furans was about 3,5 g/TE (toxic ity equivalent), i.e. 11% of their total emission all over republic. In 2004, the Republican Center of Immune prophylaxis received the financial means for installation of small-scale incinerators (SSI). The number of all installed SSI was 26. It was planned to enhance this program for cover ing of all medical facilities in Tajikistan, where vaccination is conducted. By installation was used the De Montfort model for medical wastes incineration, which was modified with fuel tank for additional fuel delivery. Techni cal modification of installation was made for reaching of appropriate temperatures by combustion. During visiting of medical facili ties was conducted assessment of two small scale incinerators. In both cases was revealed following: leakage of incinerator’s case, flue and door; and as a consequence, ambient air enters to incinerator and black smoke is 55 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 with great volume of pesticides, and industrial enterprises “Tajikhimprom” Ltd. and Tajik Alu minum Company, the industrial processes of which are connected with dioxins and furans formation. Initial assessment of dioxins and furans emission. Initial assessment of dioxins and furans emission was conducted in accordance with manual, prepared by UNEP Chemi cals and presented in “Methodical Manual Category Emissions g/TE per yearAir Water soil Product slag Uncontrolled combustion: combustion of SMW in dumps fires 3,966 3,457 0,509 0,000 0,000 0,000 7,424 Production of ferrous and non ferrous metals 13,435 0,000 0,000 0,000 6,915 Production of electric and thermal energy 12,530 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,509 Production from mineral raw materials 0,750 0,000 0,000 0,000 133,384 Transport 0,401 0,000 0,000 0,000 91,500 Production and use of chemical substances and consumer goods 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Total: 31,082 0,000 0,000 0,000 232,308 Table 2.3.4.1. Dioxins and furans emissions from certain categories of sources Assessment of pops problem in the country on Revelation and Quantitative assessment of dioxins and furans emission”, 2004, with use of unique for all countries indicators and factors of emission, which are necessary for receiving of contrastive assessment. The annual volume (2003) of dioxins and furans emissions to the atmosphere, in accordance with inventory data, is 31,082 g/TE, coming of these substances to slag - 232,308 g/TE (Table 2.3.4.1). The figure 31,08 g/TE is obviously under stated, because the data on combustion of medical wastes, unapproved wastes combus tion in enterprises and households were not included; i.e. the categories, which stipulate the significant dioxins and furans emissions, and also other sources of these chemicals for mation were not included. Contribution of certain categories of diox ins and furans sources to the total volume of emission to the atmosphere is presented in Diagram 2.3.4.1, and to the slag – in Diagram 2.3.4.2. The most significant category of diox ins and furans emission sources in republic is production of ferrous and non-ferrous met als – 43,3%, where the main share belongs to aluminum production – 97%. Production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals - 43,21 Vehicles - 1,29 Production of chemical substances - 0,03 Production of thermal and electric energy - 40,3 Building materials industry - 2,41 Uncontrolled combustion processes - 12,76 Diagram 2.3.4.1. Percentage of dioxins and furans emission to the atmosphere on certain categories of sources, 2003. 56 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Diagram 2.3.4.2 Percentage of dioxins and furans coming in slag on certain categories of sources, 2003. Second on its significance category of diox ins and furans sources are small installations on fuel combustion (municipal services and households) – 40,3 %. It is connected with the fact that almost everywhere the population of Tajikistan uses bio-fuel – woods and guza-poya (cotton stalks), especially it concerns the rural population – 74% from total number of popu lation in republic. Dioxins and furans emission from guza-poya combustion is 97,79% from total number of formation these substances, formed by use of bio-fuel in 2003 for heating houses and cooking (Diagram 2.3.4.3). Factor of dioxins and furans emission by combustion of woods/guza/poya is 100 times higher than by combustion of natural gas. Country information 0 20 40 60 80 100 Natural gas Coal Wood Guza-poya % Diagram 2.3.4.3 Percentage of dioxins and furans emis sion to the atmosphere by fuel combustion in house holds, 2003. 57,4 3,2 39,4 Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy Uncontrolled combustion processes Production of thermal and electric energy Contribution of uncontrolled combustion to total volume of dioxins and furans emission is 12,8%, production of building materials – 2,4%. Share of dioxins and furans emission to the air from transport means is 1,2% from total volume of emission. It is the lowest indicator of dioxins and furans emission from all revealed significant sources. The relatively full information is available only on 5 categories of dioxins and furans emission No. 2, 3 ,4, 5, 6. The are no wastes incinera tors in Tajikistan; and in cement furnaces, the combustion of wastes is not realized (category No. 1). Other categories of dioxins and furans emission No. 7, 8, 9 and 10 may be assessed by receiving additional information on used technologies, raw materials, cleaning systems of waste gases and data on of dioxins and furans emission factors. The main coming of dioxins and furans in slag relates to production of ferrous and non ferrous metals - 57,4%, and to production of thermal energy and electric power - 39,4 %. In future, establishment of state monitoring system will let it possible to cover all existing sources of emission in republic and receive the complete assessment of unintentionally produced POPs in Tajikistan. The intermedi ate report on initial assessment of chemicals, presented in Annex C, Part I of the Conven 57 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 tion, contributes to revelation of important po tential sources of these substances, and also the sources, on which the addition information should be received. The intermediate National Register on dioxins and furans emission in Tajikistan reflected the possible diapason of emissions in revealed processes, necessary for early determination of priorities, is present ed in Annex A 7. Register of dioxins and furans emission – it is the detailed list of processes categories, identified as sources of emissions of these substances with quantitative assess ment of emissions to various environmental components. In framework of preliminary as sessment of unintentionally produced POPs were calculated only emissions to atmosphere and sediments. In future, in accordance with Stockholm Convention requirements, by elab oration of final register will be assessed the dioxins and furans emission to all environmen tal components: air, water, soil, sediments and foodstuff. 2.3.5. Data on POPs storages, contami nated territories and wastes: revelation, determination of quantity, regulations, me thodical guidelines, measures for improve ment of situation and data on local emis sions. Stocks and wastes of POPs-related pesti cides are mainly in storage facilities and two pesticides burial places – Kanibadamski pes ticides burial place (Sugd region) – 3,0 thou sand tons and Vahshski pesticides burial place (Hatlon region) – 7,5 thousand tons; totally: 10,5 thousand tons. In the storage facility of Zafarabadski district (Sugd region) there are about 17 tons of illegally imported DDT, and 0,55 tons of DDT are in storage facilities of two households of Gissarski district (RRS). Accordingly to data of laboratory investiga tions, in the mixtures of pesticides with soil, tak en in non-approved excavation places of pes ticides burial places, is available great number of various pesticides. In Vahshski burial place, the sum of pesticides in such samples varies in the limits from 11606 mg/kg to 40288 mg/ kg. Availability of DDT and its metabolites is about 79% and HCH isomers – 36% from to tal sum of revealed pesticides. In all examined samples was revealed eptam, lindan, dinoseb, HCB and teodan; and in some other samples were revealed acrex, prometrin and dursban; availability of POPs-related chemicals varies in the limits from 7372 mg/kg to 23921 mg/kg. In Kanibadamski pesticides burial place, the number of pesticides in mixtures with soil in non-approved excavation places is 2195 mg/ kg – 31831 mg/kg, including POPs-related: 327 mg/kg - 8024 mg/kg. The share of DDT and its metabolites is 17 - 35%, and HCH iso mers 3 - 13% from total number of pesticides. In majority of samples (85%) was revealed dieldrin in the limits 0,05 - 1,14 mg/kg, and in all samples was revealed HCH, hexachloran, eptam, ovex, acrex, dinoseb and dursban. Materials of examination Kanibadamski pes ticides burial place, conducted in 2002 showed, that the more fare from burial place the lower is level of soils contamination with pesticides. In 100 m from burial place, the DDT and hexachloran availability exceeded maximum permissible concentration in 8 times; in 1200 m, DDT availability exceeded maximum per missible concentration in 3,5 times and HCH – in 1,3 times. In 2 km was revealed DDT in number not exceeded maximum permissible concentration. The surface contamination of surrounding territories with pesticides was the result of rain flows, melting of snow and mud flows, which washed away the upper soil layer of the burial place. By examination of water samples, taken from well (54 m depth) located in Kanibadam city, these substances were not revealed. The analyses of soils samples (analyses were made by Bashkir Republican Scientific Research Ecological Center, Ufa city, Russian Federation), taken in 2005 in several defined points of zone with negative influence of Tajik Aluminum Company (RRS, Tursunzadevski district), showed the availability of aldrin, HCB, γ-HCH, DDT and its metabolites. Availability of chlordane, heptachlor, dieldrin and aldrin is lower than minimally detected level – 0,001 mg/kg. Exceeding of DDT maximum permis sible concentration in all samples of soils is from 2 to 72 times (maximum permissible con centration = 0,1 mg/kg). Total concentration of DDT and its metabolites varies from 0,56 to 9,86 mg/kg, HCH isomers – from to 40 of maximum permissible concentration (Diagram 2.3.5.1). Analysis of these soils samples for availabili ty of PCBs, as precursor of dioxins and furans, revealed the availability in four (from ten) di-, tri-, tetra-, penta and hexachlorbyphenils, the total number of which is in the limits of 0,02 2,3 mg/kg. Exceeding of relatively safe level of influence on the sum of PCBs is ≈ in 40 times and in two places ≈ in 2 times. Assessment of pops problem in the country 58 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 m g/ kg c oa l Yahshibod district Shirkent River Bank Kalinin district Yirman Tursunzade city Nozirov district DDt DDe DDD Diagram 2.3.5.1 Availability of DDT and its metabolites in soils samples (mg/kg) of Tursunzadeh district, 2005. Analysis of these soils samples for availabil ity of PCBs, as precursor of dioxins and furans, revealed the availability in four (from ten) di-, tri-, tetra-, penta and hexachlorbyphenils, the total number of which is in the limits of 0,02 2,3 mg/kg. Exceeding of relatively safe level of influence on the sum of PCBs is ≈ in 40 times and in two places ≈ in 2 times. Burying of SMW in pesticides burial places is the main method of their removal. In Tajikistan there are 62 burial places for SMW. Total ter ritory of burial places is 300 ha. However, the condition of these burial places often doesn’t correspond to requirements of building and sanitary standards for such places. As a result, the spontaneous ignitions take place here con stantly, leading to dioxins and furans formation. On preliminary calculations the dioxins and furans emission is about 3,5 g TE – 11% from total number of emission to atmosphere all over republic (2003). There are no in Tajikistan the system of selective SMW collection, waste incinerators and waste processing plants. Special researches on POPs emissions in various territories (agricultural fields, dumps of industrial wastes and SMW, territories of indus trial and agricultural enterprises and etc.) were never conducted in Tajikistan in former time, and also not conducted in framework of Project “Enabling Activities for the Development of a National Plan for Implementation of the Stock holm Convention on POPs in Tajikistan”. The are no special statements, regulations, instructions and methodical manuals on im provement of current situation on POPs and POPs-contaminated territories, due to new ness of this issue in republic. 2.3.6. Brief information about future pro duction, use and emission of POPs – re quirements for exemption. In Tajikistan were never produced pesticides, including POPs-related ones, PCBs and PCB containing electro-technical equipment. As the Party of the Stockholm Convention on POPs, Tajikistan has the commitment on non-admis sion of these substances production in future. Use of POPs-related pesticides in agriculture was forbidden in period of 1970 – 1992. In elaborated draft Statement of Government of Tajikistan, which is now under the consider ation “About Measures on Implementation of the Stockholm Convention”, the import of ma terials and PCB-containing equipment (trans formers and capacitors) and POPs-related pesticides to Tajikistan is prohibited. Use of PCBs in Tajikistan is limited by the number of containing PCBs in exploited elec tro-technical equipment, and on the moment of inventory this number was 67,4 tons (2003). In decommissioned transformers and capacitors, the PCBs availability is 14,8 tons, i.e. 18% of total number. Accordingly to Annex A, Part II Country information 59 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 of Stockholm Convention, the stopping of use PCB-containing electro-technical equipment is planned to begin in 2007 with taking into con sideration the approved schedule of stage-by stage decommissioning and its replacement with alternative equipment. In this case, the main part of electro-technical equipment will be replaced by the year 2010. The effectiveness and completeness of this activity implementa tion depends on financial support, necessary for such kind of work, and on period of financial supply. Ecologically safe removal of PCBs and contaminated electro-technical equipment will be done by the year 2012, in case of appropri ate financial support. The total dioxins and furans emission var ies dependently on industrial activities. Taking into consideration the fact that the main share of total dioxins and furans emission belongs now to production and processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals (47%) and combus tion of fuel in municipal sector and house holds (44%); and the increasing of dioxins and furans emission in nearest future will be stipu lated, first of all, by growth if primary alumi num production. In 2006, the planned volume of primary aluminum production (category No. 2) is 470,0 thousand tons; it means that diox ins and furans emission in this category will be increased at 47%, i.e. it will be 16,45 g of TE. Dioxins and furans emission in category No. 3 (production of electric power and thermal energy) in nearest 5 years will be probably at the same level. In households, due to lack of electricity and natural gas, use of fire-woods, including guza-poya (cotton stalks), for heat ing of houses and cooking will be not reduced. So, in nearest years the dioxins and furans emission in this category will at the same high level. Dioxins and furans emission in category No. 4 (production from mineral raw materials) in 2006 will probably increase at 24% and it will be 0,15 g of TE. It is connected, first of all, with launching of cement production in new cement factory with use of “dry method”; the productive capacity of this factory is 150 thou sand tons; it was built within Isfarinski Building Materials Factory (Isfara city, Sugd region). Also it is stipulated by increasing of cement production in Dushanbe Cement Factory to 300 thousand tons (2006) and more in con sequent years. Nowadays, there is the recon struction of this factory by support of “Inecon Group” Company of Czech Republic. During realization of project on modernization of this factory is planned to build a new kiln for transi tion to half-dry method of cement production and alternative combined fuel: solid municipal wastes + water-carbonic fuel + gas. In nearest perspective is planned the building of new ce ment factory in Shaartuzski district in Hatlon region with productive capacity 2500 thousand tons per year; and it will lead to significant in creasing of dioxins and furans emission. The calculated level of dioxins and furans emission, due to lack of information on sources of their emission, is understated: the level of dioxins and furans emission by non-approved combustion of wastes, by production in private sector and by combustion of medical wastes is not determined. Also, the data of dioxins and furans emission are understated due to lack of reliable information concerning volumes of combusted SMW in burial places and etc., i.e. in such categories, which are the most signifi cant sources of unintentionally produced POPs. Creation in future the state system on dioxins and furans monitoring and special instrumental base will allow controlling of theirs formation sources and making the exact assessment of both their emission to environment and their availability if productions. Besides of all above-mentioned, the great negative role plays the low level of understand ing of ecological issues not only by population but also by governing structures. As a result, such situation may lead not to decreasing of dioxins and furans emission but, in contrary, to its increasing. 2.3.7. Existing programs on monitoring of POPs emission and their effects on health of peoples and environment. In accordance with Article 11, Part I, the Parties should: In frameworks of their abilities to support and/ or realize the appropriate researches, monitor ing and collaboration on persistent organic pol lutants both on national and international level. Establishment of reliable monitoring system, though it is not the direct requirement of Stock holm Convention, is the necessary condition for its implementation. Accordingly to Convention, the researches and monitoring should cover: a) sources and emissions to environment; b) POPs-availability levels in human organ ism and environment; c) transmission in environment, “life cycle” and transformation; d) effects and human health and environ ment; e) socio-economical and cultural conse quences; Assessment of pops problem in the country 60 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 f) reduction and/or cessation of emissions; g) unification of methodologies on registra tion of sources and analytical methods on measuring of emissions. In Tajikistan, the serious investigations on all above-mentioned aspects are not conducted. Results, received during initial inventory, in spite that they were limited, allowed to see the general picture on capacity of POPs monitoring system in Tajikistan and on problems, which should be solved immediately, Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Pro tection and Ministry of Health have scrappy in formation about examination of soils and about pesticides effects on human health, conducted in 80th years of former century. These works were conducted on various grants, however, due to lack of inter-agency coordination and ordered system on collection and keeping of information, there is no any documentation on the results of these activities. Agency on Hydro meteorology within Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection realizes the monitoring of quality of atmospheric surface level, water and soil; but its laboratory don’t conduct analy ses on revelation of POPs-related pesticides and PCBs in the environmental components. the current capacity on conducting monitor ing is presented as obsolete laboratory and institutional structure of state analytical con trol, inherited after Soviet time. In those period worked departmental systems of monitoring and control in framework of various ministries; moreover, examinations were conducted by Scientific-Research Institutions within Acad emy of sciences and corresponding depart ments of sanitary-epidemiological control with in Ministry of Health. Ministry is the responsible body for monitoring of health condition of pop ulation in Tajikistan, whose professional activi ties is connected with use of pesticides. Be fore 90th years, Tajik Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology and Tajik Institute of Preventive Medicine within Ministry of Health of RT con ducted certain works on revelation of residu als of pesticides, including organochloric ones, in foodstuff of vegetative and animal origin, in bio-substrates (breast milk), in surface and underground waters. Nowadays, such activi ties are not realized due to lack of appropriate technical equipment in existing laboratories. Accordingly to Article 65 of the Law of the Re public of Tajikistan “About Nature Protection”, all agencies on nature protection, on sanitary control, on control of safety in industrial enter prises and agencies on mountains control are responsible for observation of state control in sphere of environment protection. This Law gives the comprehensive rights to the agen cies of state control, including rights on closure of enterprises, for violation of environmental legislation. In this Law is reflected the sys tem of departmental and administrative con trol (Article 66) and social control (Article 67) in sphere of environment protection. In spite of lack in this Law the concrete POPs issues, in the Article 48 is specified following: “Use of chemical substances with long period of de composition, which may negatively affect on human health and environment, is forbidden”. In the Article 28 are fixed the requirements to the residuals of chemical substances in food stuff, which are elaborated and approved by the bodies on sanitary control of Tajikistan on the base of documentation submitted by State of Agro-Chemical Service in Tajikistan and in accordance with international standards. However, in the Laws “About Nature Protec tion”, “About Safe Industry and Use of Pesti cides and Agro-Chemicals”, the principles and procedures of monitoring are not reflected; also there are no any requirements concerning necessity of completeness of information and conditions/rules of its distribution among inter ested juridical and physical persons. Formula tion of above-mentioned principles is beyond the frameworks of these Laws and demands elaboration of special Law “About Environ mental Monitoring” and appropriate normative documentation. Normative documents should include the provisions about adaptation and im plementation of modern methods and systems on taking samples, statistical data processing and computerized modeling of environmental processes. By elaboration of National Monitor ing Programs it is necessary to orient on inter national requirements on control of quality and comparability of data; also the National Sys tem should be included to the Global System of POPs Monitoring, which is now in stage of elaboration. By elaboration of POPs Monitoring Programs it is necessary to take into consideration the fact that the requirements and capabilities on various POPs categories are various, and they demand the thorough and selective elabora tion of normative base on every of them. More over, it is important to note that regular POPs monitoring is extremely complicated and ex pensive work. Accordingly to UNEP data, the full and regular monitoring of all 12 POPs is conducted only in 17 developed countries. Country information 61 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Special characteristics of monitoring realiza tion include availability of analytical base, in stitutional structures and qualified personnel. In spite of the fact that tasks of monitoring on various POPs categories are different, it will be reasonable to implement them in frame work of unique program, though the conditions of monitoring, places and frequency of taking samples may differ significantly. Consequently, it is necessary to consider the main problems on POPs monitoring capacity building with tak ing into consideration the separate approach to three POPs categories: pesticides, PCBs and unintentionally produced POPs. POPs-related pesticides, and especially DDT, were used widely during Soviet period in agri culture and for malaria carriers’ control. In spite of the fact, that their use was officially forbidden more that two decades ago, most probably that they are used in the country for various pur poses illegally. Due to steadiness of DDT me tabolites to the processes of natural decompo sition, there is a serous threat of contamination of soils, underground and surface waters, and as a result – foodstuff. During initial inventory were revealed the serious negative effects of obsolete POPs-related pesticides due to their inappropriate keeping in storage facilities and two pesticides burial places. All these factors confirm the necessity of conducting monitoring on availability of POPs-related pesticides in environmental components, and including this task to the priorities on reduction of negative POPs effects in Tajikistan. During Soviet period, to the problem of pes ticides monitoring was paid rather great atten tion. In framework of departmental and scien tific programs was conducted monitoring of availability pesticides in soils and foodstuffs. Hydro-geological Service conducted the reg ular monitoring of underground waters from wells in hundreds points all over republic and controlled physicochemical parameters of sub stances, which availability should be regulated. However, during last 10 years, in framework of state inspections and monitoring programs, the work on determination of availability POPs related pesticides in various environmental components was not conducted. Pesticides, (in particular DDT) differ from other POPs by relatively high indicators of maximum permissible concentration (for ex ample: thousands times higher than for dioxins and furans); and this factor allows conducting of their analyses by use of existing in repub lic analytical equipment. This equipment and qualified personnel are in the V. I. Nikitin Insti tute of Chemistry within Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan. That is why, it was reasonable on the first stage to use all exist ing capabilities. It will allow revealing of “hot spots” and preparing of base for establishment of monitoring system. However, the data received in process of national monitoring might be not accepted by potential donors or other international institu tions. Use of foreign certified laboratories is extremely expensive, and such approach may be used only as temporary or control measure. In this connection, it is necessary to find, as soon as possible, the appropriate financial support (may be used financing in framework of capacity building project) for equipping of existing republican laboratories in accordance with international standards and purchasing of modern analytical equipment and obtaining of certificate for central analytical laboratory of environmental agencies. The next step should include rehabilitation of toxicological and agro-chemical laboratory system within Ministry of Agriculture and En vironment Protection with their consequent ap propriate equipping. Places and frequency of monitoring conducting will be specified during process of detailed inventory. The most inten sive work should be conducted in districts with the highest indicators of pesticides use and in nearest territories of revealed “hot spots” (pes ticides storage facilities, burial places and for mer agricultural air-fields). For determination of potential pesticides effects on human health, it is reasonable to conduct researches jointly with environmental agencies and Ministry of Health on availability of pesticides in foodstuffs (both imported and produced in the country); also it is necessary to conduct the selective investigations on avail ability of pesticides in human organism (breast milk, fatty tissues), especially in peoples, re lated to the risk groups. Problem of PCBs handling and the task on their monitoring were accentuated in the coun try only after signing of Stockholm Convention. Before and in the moment being, there is no in the country any special regulation on their use, utilization and destruction. During inventory was revealed, that in republic are exploited 12 transformers and 1930 capacitors, the volume of PCB in which is 67,4 tons. By elaboration of schedule on decommis sioning of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment, the special measures on analytical Assessment of pops problem in the country 62 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 control and reporting of enterprises should be taken into consideration. State analytical control may be realized during selective inspections in accordance with internal schedule on the base of received notifications about violations. Solution of second task is aggravated by lack of control of PCB-containing waste materials in former time. The waste transformer oils were simply thrown away and seeped in soil of burial places, built for keeping of wastes from enter prises, in dumps and, most often, in uninhab ited places. That is why, during conducted of detailed inventory, it will be necessary to pay special attention to revelation of such burial places and unapproved dumps. Analysis of PCBs availability is rather com plicated process; nevertheless, revelation of chlorine is the indicator of possible PCBs avail ability. That is why, it is reasonable to exam ine the industrial burial places and land plots, contaminated with oil products and, in case of receiving positive results, to conduct more de tailed analytical works by using methods of fluid or gas chromatography. PCBs have significant potential for contamination soils, underground and surface waters; so, the positive results of monitoring on availability of POPs-related pes ticides, may serve as indicator of PCBs avail ability. Moreover, in former time PCBs were used as stuff for pesticides production. Spe cial attention should be paid to establishment of analytical base, in particular, to updating of measuring instruments, obtaining of appropri ate standards and training of stuff. Unintentionally produced POPs. From the technical point of view, monitoring and regula tion of unintentionally produced POPs (uPOPs) is the most expensive and complicated pro cess. The maximum permissible concentration of these substances is measured in picogram per kilogram of dry weight; moreover, various kinds of dioxins and furans differ on their toxic ity in thousand times. For revelation of dioxins and furans, and especially for their identification in various objects, it is necessary to use the ex tremely expensive and complicated analytical methods – combination of gas chromatograph with mass-spectrometer of high solution. Price of one analysis may reach many hundreds of USD. Controlling of dioxins and furans emis sion during industrial processes is the more difficult process. Nowadays, the economical condition of Tajikistan will not allow establishing of analytical laboratory for revelation of dioxins and furans in environmental components. So, it is reasonable to consider all possibilities on es tablishment of regional scientific center on di oxins and furans issues, which will be supplied with modern chemical-analytical equipment. Effective POPs controlling system in the country will be created on conditions that: POPs will be included to the list of forbidden chemi cal substances; ecological standards of their availability will be elaborated for environmental components (soil, water, sediments) and food stuffs (maximum permissible concentrations for pesticides are available from Soviet period); changes and additions will be inserted to nor mative-methodical acts of Tajikistan in sphere of health care and environment protection in accordance with requirements of Convention. 2.3.8. Existing level of information, pub lic awareness and training of appropriate groups. Mechanism of information ex change with other Parties. The POPs problems are relatively new for Tajikistan, so one of the NIP purposes is pro viding of republican authorities, responsible for realization of state policy in sphere of health care and environment protection, and public community with appropriate information. Information management in framework of NIP realization includes collection of data, their exchange, analysis, processing and prepara tion of special information for interested users and for dissemination of information and its regular publication. The main users of information are: republican authorities, responsible for Con-• vention realization; National Coordination Committee on POPs • regulation in the Republic of Tajikistan (in cludes representatives of various ministries and agencies); local executive agencies;• official structures of Stockholm Convention, • Conference of Parties, international organi zations; scientific and educational institutions;• NGOs and public community.• Experts in sphere of environment protection, scientists and NGO representatives, thankful to their participation at international seminars, meetings, Conferences of Parties and other measures, created the good base for establish ment of collaboration and information exchange in sphere of POPs inventory and monitoring with states, realized Stockholm Convention (Annex A 1). The established cooperation was used by elaboration of NIP, and it will be used Country information 63 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 in further activity for receiving of administrative, financial and technical assistance in sphere of realization Action Plan on NIP fulfillment. Mechanism on information exchange with oth er Parties of Convention became valid thankful to creation of effective international net of infor mation exchange, including efforts of such in ternational organizations as UNEP Chemicals, UNIDO, UND, international net on POPs and etc. The main task of development of informa tion management is creation of program-tech nical complexes for collection, processing and keeping of initial data, including automatic con trol of their quality and strengthening of capac ity of information-analytical centers. 2.3.9. Corresponding activities of non governmental interested organizations. In process of NIP elaboration, the NGOs and Project Coordinating Office conducted follow ing activities: informing of republican governmental bodies • and public community by means of conduct ing of information campaigns, seminars, con ferences, “Round Tables”, actions, theater plays, school competitions, mobile exhibi tions and etc.; organization of informational programs – dis-• semination of booklets, calendars, brochures, placards; conducting measures with showing thematic films: POPs and their effects on hu man health and environment; preparation and demonstration of ecological • video-films and their translation on Central and regional TV; conducting of telecasts on POPs and chemical safety; conducting of “Round Tables” on elaboration • of suggestions and projects on public com munity involvement to the process of POPs control; on facilitation of access to the eco logical information; and on establishment of information exchange with local, governmen tal, social and international agencies; publication in newspapers and magazines • the information concerning POPs problems and methods of their solution; conducting of seminar-trainings for teachers • of natural sciences (chemistry, biology, geog raphy and etc) from secondary schools and lyceums; elaboration of training programs on POPs • problems for students of higher and second ary educational institutions; in framework of agreement with republican • social organization “Youth of 21st Century” and Youth Group on Environment Protection in Sugd region was elaborated and imple mented the Program “Dissemination of POPs Problem among Youth of the Republic of Ta jikistan”; there is special section in the portal www.caresd.net; in • www.caresd.net portal is presented web site www.pops.tj, created in the framework of project Tajik Association “Green Patrol”, working in • 25 districts of Tajikistan and translating in Sugd TV channel CM-1 the ecological tele cast “Space (Kosmos)”, prepared the special thematic telecast on POPs problems in the Republic of Tajikistan. 2.3.10. Review of technical infrastructure for assessment of POPs; relationship with international programs and projects. Availability of technical infrastructure is the necessary condition for realization of NIP mea sures and conducting of POPs monitoring in Tajikistan. Nowadays, there is no the modern technical infrastructure in republic for solu tion of tasks of RT on realization of Stockholm Convention. Certain agencies, responsible for individual aspects of chemicals, including POPs, have some elements of such infrastruc ture, including obsolete laboratory equipment of various sensitiveness level and readiness for work. For example: all sanitary-epidemi ological stations of Ministry of Health have chromatographs, produced in USSR: Tsvet 100, Tsvet-550, Tsvet-3006, Kristal-2000, and also the chromatographs of Czech production: Chrom-4 and Chrom-5. This equipment either completely dismantled or is in non-working condition due to lack of spare parts or standard chemical substances, related to POPs. The Service of State Control for Nature Re sources Use and Environment Protection and its Agency – Center of Analytical Control within Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Pro tection, is responsible for technical realization of measures on environmental control; also it implements the chemical-analytical works in framework of state tasks on environmental monitoring. This Center and its regional depart ment (Hujand city, Sugd region) have gas and gas-fluid chromatographs with such technical parameters, which after reparation of this equip ment and purchasing of certified standards of POPs-related pesticides, may implement the analyses on availability of chlorine-containing pesticides in soil, plants and foodstuffs. Hydro-geological Service of Main Depart ment on Geology within Government of Ta Assessment of pops problem in the country 64 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 jikistan conducts regular monitoring of under ground waters in wells for determination of serial physicochemical parameters and avail ability of controlled substances in water, used as drinking water and also for other purposes. The above-mentioned agencies conduct in spections in framework of their authorities and capacities; however, the works on purposive determination of POPs-related chemical sub stances were never conducted in former time and are not implemented nowadays. For conducting of monitoring on soils condi tion in framework of former Republican Scien tific Organization “Tajikselhozhimia” was es tablished the net of agrochemical laboratories, supplied with modern for those moment equip ment; however, nowadays these laboratories are practically not functioning. The relatively new and modern chemical analytical equipment are in laboratories of V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry. Following equipment of this Institute is in working condi tion: chromatographs (high-fluid, gas-fluid and gas one) of CHROM-4, CHROM-5, TSVET 550, TSVET-100 type; spectrophotometers of SHECORD-M-80 and M-40 types (Germany); SPEKTROMOM 204 (Hungary); Thermo Spek tronic (India) and etc. In laboratories of this In stitute works the qualified personnel. Thus, on the first stage of NIP realization, the existing chromatographic equipment in labo ratories of various agencies and institutions of Tajikistan allow conducting of monitoring of organochloric pesticides availability in various environmental components, in case if stan dards of these substances would be included to the register. For determination of PCBs availability in envi ronmental components are used predominant ly following methods: gas-fluid chromatogra phy with use of selective to chlorine-containing electron-seeking detector; combination of gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry of low definition; and for determination of planar PCB (No. 77, 81, 126, 169) should be used com bination of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry of high resolution. Purchasing of above-mentioned analytical equipment and mastering of methods will allow solving of any problem, connected with detecting of PCBs, regardless of matrix character (of the object). Of a great importance is equipping of one of these analytical laboratories with chromato mass-spectrometer for conducting of reliable analysis of dioxins and furans. For conducting of monitoring on all POPs categories it is necessary to purchase certi fied standard samples and standard blends for identification and determination of examined POPs concentration. In Tajikistan were never conducted any spe cial researches on POPs-related chemicals’ effects on human health and environment. In 1985, Tajik Institute on Hygiene and Epide miology within Ministry of Health conducted works on revelation of pesticides residuals. Form chlorine-containing pesticides were ex amined only DDT and its metabolites and HCH on their availability in oils, dairy produce and breast milk of rural women. In 1991, Tajik In stitute of Preventive Medicine within Ministry of Health conducted research on contamina tion of irrigation and surface (channel) waters, where DDT, its metabolites and HCH were re vealed. In 2001, Ministry of Health of RT, WHO and German Federal Environmental Agency (UMVEL BUNDESAMT) conducted research on contamination of underground and surface water-sources with pesticides in 49 districts of republic. From POPs-related pesticides in ex amined objects were revealed following: aldrin, dieldrin, DDT and its metabolites. In Tajikistan, special researches/projects on these sub stances’ effects on human health and environ ment were never conducted. There are no direct provisions on support of BET and the cleanest technologies in environ mental legislation of the Republic Tajikistan. But nowadays, the increasing number of en terprises in republic, taking into consideration economical and ecological profits from ef fectiveness of natural resources use and un derstanding the requirements of market and accepting public opinion on ecological condi tion of environment, realize the necessity of elaboration of ecologically safe instruments. In January 2006, former State Committee on En vironment Protection and Forestry of the Re public of Tajikistan and Government of Norway concluded the contract on realization of Pro gram “Clean Production”, the purpose of which is the cost effective reconstruction of industrial enterprises and simultaneous improvement of ecological indicators of their work. Training Program of “Clean Production” is focused on profitability of industrial enterprises by means of reduction of water and power consump tion, decreasing of contaminants emission and wastes, improvement of productions’ quality and increasing of labor safety. In framework of Country information 65 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Program, the Norway specialists conduct train ing courses, including collaboration with sys tem of environmental management, for work ers of industrial enterprises in Tajikistan. From November 2006, by financial support of Sweden Government (Sweden Agency on International Development), in Tajikistan is implemented the Project “Initial Study of SMW (solid municipal wastes) Management in Du shanbe City”. The main purpose of project is improvement of SMW management, including rehabilitation of selective wastes collection, transportation, processing and their utilization in Dushanbe city and nearest districts; and also restructuring of sector on wastes management for increasing effectiveness of activity and standards of hygiene, commercialization and coordination of works of city’s SWM authorities for achievement of financial and economical sustainable development. Project is intended for introduction of best methods of SMW man agement, including their processing (wastes processing enterprise), removal (burial places in accordance with international standards), destruction (plant for SMW combustion). Proj ect realization will allow eliminating of uPOPs sources (dumps, SMW burial places) in the capital of Tajikistan. Joining under the aegis “Initiative on Protec tion and Safety of Environment” (ENVSEC), osCe, UneP, UnDP and nAto launched in Central Asia the Project “Rapid Environment and Health Risk Assessment” (REHRA Proj ect). The purpose of Project is establishment of working frameworks for collaboration in en vironmental sphere, with taking into consid eration the trans-border issues; supporting of peace and harmony in the region by means of establishment of collaboration; and also reach ing of sustainable development. Ferganskaya Valley, the key region ENVSEC, is the one of most important and densely populated regions of Central Asia with rich natural resources and sweet water reserves. This valley is spread on territories of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uz bekistan. During examination of environmental condition in Ferganskaya Valley were revealed several “hot spots” – contamination of surface and underground waters, industrial and agri cultural contamination, toxic and radioactive wastes and land degradation. These problems are considered from the point of view of nation al safety, especially with taking into consider ation the high density of population and certain socio-economical issues. REHRA Project is intended for advanced study, monitoring and control of emissions to the atmosphere, and harmful effects on public health from industrial objects located in Fer ganskaya Valley. At the same time, the project is intended for strengthening on national and regional monitoring systems, plans and nets on risk management. Main purposes of project include following: implementation of rapid risk assessment • for receiving the general information on risks for environment and human health, from selected objects, with taking into consideration the priority risks and measures on their reduction; rendering support and strengthening of na-• tional monitoring on industrial and ecological risks, and also rendering of scientific sup port by means of conducting specific and thematic training in the fields; determination of collaboration frameworks • on ecological trans-border risks; involvement of population to the risks reduc-• tion. In elaboration of project are used the inter nationally recognized definitions on admis sible levels of harmfulness for environment, public health and risk thresholds. As the objects of investigation were selected four districts of Ferganskaya Valley, border ing to nearest countries, and posed the trans frontier risk to environment and public health: Kanibadamski pesticides burial place (Ta jikistan); storage facility for industrial wastes of Kadamjaiski Industrial Complex on anti mony production (Kyrgyzstan); Haidarkanski Industrial Complex and its storage facility for industrial wastes (Kyrgyzstan); Ferganski Oil processing Plant (Uzbekistan). This Project is financed mainly by Nature and Territories Protection of Italy and Canada Funds. The term of Project implementation is from March 2005 to July 2006. 2.3.11. Revelation of population and ter ritories under the threat of POPs effects. Evaluation of scales and significance of threat for peoples and environment, and also the social consequences for preven tion of negative effects on workers and community. POPs contaminate the environment as a re sult of their practical use as the target products – pesticides and PCBs, or as unintentionally produced POPs of certain technological pro cesses and industries – dioxins and furans. Assessment of pops problem in the country 66 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Nowadays, in Tajikistan, there are no sufficient data about levels of POPs effects on human health and on contamination of environmental components with these chemical substances. The investigations in sphere of assessment risk of organochloric pesticides (OCP) and PCBs effects on peoples, working with these chemical substances, were never conducted in republic. Use of certain POPs-related pes ticides was prohibited during period from 1970 to 1992; that is why, to make the assessment of their effects on health of workers, dealing with them, is nowadays practically impossible. Till beginning of NIP elaboration in Tajikistan, there was no any information on dioxins and furans emission and quantitative data on their contamination of environmental components. So, in Tajikistan were not conducted any study on dioxins and furans effects on health of work ers in enterprises, which are the sources of these POPs. Presently, to make the assessment of dioxins and furans effects on health of workers in en terprises, which are the sources of these sub stances, is impossible because of following: the industrial processes with dioxins and • furans emission to the working zone are not determined completely; lack of quantitative data on contamination of • working places with dioxins and furans; during long period it is necessary it is nec-• essary to conduct special observations and purposive assessment of health conditions of workers, including biological monitoring for receiving of data on human organism contamination; it will allow to determine the cause-effect relation between contamination of organism and extent of health loss; for assessment of dioxins and furans effects • on public health, it is necessary to examine all pathological revelations in workers han dling with these substances. For assessment of POPs threat significance for human health, were chosen two objects: Tursunzadevski and Yavanski districts. Tursunzadevski districts. Selection of this ob ject was stipulated by the fact that on territory of Tursunzadevski district is located the State Unitary Enterprise “Tajik Aluminum Company”, which, accordingly to data of initial inventory, is one of the main sources of uPOPs (47% from total emission in Tajikistan). About 70% of pop ulation in this district live in rural locality, where as the energy source are used fossil fuel and bio-fuel, including guza-poya (cotton stalk), which relate to the second on its significance source of dioxins and furans in republic. Electro-technical equipment, used in Ta jik Aluminum Company, contains about 54% (44,0 tons) of PCBs from total volume in re public. The decommissioned equipment con tains about 4,0 tons of PCBs, or 28% from total volume of PCBs wastes (14,4 tons) all over republic. Analyses of soils samples for PCBs availability showed following: in four samples from ten were revealed di-, tri-, tetra-, penta and hexachloro-biphenyls, the total number of which is in the limits of 0,02-2,3 mg/kg. In two places, on the sum of PCBs was revealed the exceeding of the relatively safe level of influ ence in 2 and 40 times. In former time and presently, Tursunzadevski district is the place of intensive agriculture. On its territory, cotton, rice, forage crops and veg etables are cultivated; also horticulture and vi ticulture are full-developed. The maximal pesti cides use, and mainly DDT, was in 60th years; in average, it was in Tursunzadeh district about 19,0 and 15,0 kg of reactant, correspondingly. The main method of pesticides use, including POPs-related ones, was air-treatment, lead ing to contamination of environmental compo nents: soil, water, silt, plants and etc. By the end of 80th years, the intensity of pesticides decreased significantly thankful to introduction of integrated system on pests control and use of more effective preparations. In Tursunzadevski district, the systematic control of containment POPs pesticides in en vironmental components was never conduct ed. There are only scrappy data (for the period from 1985 to 1990) on availability of DDT and its metabolites and γ-HCH in soils and plants, which confirm the exceeding of their maximum permissible concentration in soils and agricul tural crops. In connection with the fact, that pesticides were used during long period (over 40 years), their components are available in the environ mental components. Analyses of soils’ sam ples, taken in 2005 in defined points of Tajik Aluminum Company zone of influence, showed availability of aldrin, HCB, γ-HCH, DDT and its metabolites. Availability of chlordane, hep tachlor, dieldrin and aldrin was lower than mini mally detected level - 0,001 mg/kg. Availability of DDT in soils exceeded the maximum per missible concentration in the limits from 2 to 72 times (MPC = 0,1 mg/kg); the total availability of DDT and its metabolites varies from 0,56 to 9,87 mg/kg; the sum of HCH isomers – from 0,2 to 3,87 mg/kg. Country information 67 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Thus, Tursunzadevski district was selected for conducting of ecological-hygienic research es of possible negative POPs-effects on public health, as the territory exposed to influence of all POPs categories: pesticides, PCBs and uP OPs – dioxins and furans. Yavanski district. As the second object was selected Yavanski district, on the territory of which is located “Tajikhimprom” Ltd. – the enterprise producing the chlorine-containing goods. Moreover, this district is the large pro ducer of cotton raw materials. Assessment of POPs-effects was conducted in vulnerable public groups (children and preg nant women) and in high risk groups, working and living in zone of emission POPs, with tak ing into consideration the national peculiarities in households and etc. Determination of indicators for study of POPs effects on public health. Nowadays, about 30 various effects of POPs effects on human health and environment are revealed. POPs may cause: diseases of immune system, leading to asthma and diabetes, diseases of thyroid gland; syndrome of exhaustion; decreasing of mental abilities; various disorders in reproductive sys tem and development of children; abnormalities in behavior; and oncological diseases. The most vulnerable to POPs effects are fetus and newborns. Effecting of mother’s or ganism, POPs are transferring to fetus and newborn via placenta and breast milk, causing various complications, including prematurely of fetus, mortinatality and etc. Agricultural pro duction in Tajikistan is characterized by great involvement of women to technological pro cess; it increases the risk of environmental negative effects on specific functions of female organism. High rates of mortinatality, miscar riages, congenital malformations and diseases of reproductive system – it is incomplete list of POPs effects consequences for people. Spe cial anxiety is stipulated by data on health con dition of children, who was born districts with high level of pesticides use, including POPs related ones. The intensive use of pesticides was stopped by the end of 80th years of last century; however, POPs accumulated in envi ronmental components are seriously harmful for public health. Methods of investigations and results. As a control zone, was taken the Gornaya Matcha district, located in the north of republic (Sugd region). The inhabitants of this district are deal ing mainly with cattle breeding, so they are not exposed to POPs effects. The conducted situ ation analysis, in accordance with state report ing form No. 12 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic Tajikistan, showed the increase of morbidity number in sphere of respiratory dis eases at 13% in population of Tursunzadevski and Yavanski districts, in comparison with clean control zone of Gornaya Matcha district (Diagram 2.3.11.1). Assessment of pops problem in the country Diagram 2.3.11.1 Primary mor bidity in sphere of respiratory diseases (per 100 thousand of population), 2004. 14000 12222,8 12000 11024,2 10794 9735 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Tursunzade Yvan Gornaya Matcha Republic Tajikistan Analyses of data, presented by Republican Center of Medical Statistics within Ministry of Health, showed that in comparison with Gor naya Matcha district, in zones of higher risk of POPs effects, including effects on wom en’s health, the number of miscarriages increases in 9,6-29,0 times (Diagram 2.3.11.2); number of premature infants increases in 1,7-2,6 times (Diagram 2.3.11.3); morti natality increases in 3,7-3,8 times per 1000 of newborn (Diagram 2.3.11.4). 68 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 90 26,8 2,8 4,5 81,4 0 Tursunzade Yvan Gornayz Matcha Rt 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 4,3 2,5 3 6,6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tursunzade Yvan Gornayz Matcha Rt 12 9,8 2,6 3 9,6 0 2 4 6 8 Tursunzade Yvan Gornayz Matcha Rt 10 Diagram 2.3.11.2 Miscarriage per, 1000 of live-born, 2004 Diagram 2.3.11.3 Number of immature newborns in percent to the number of live-born, 2004 Diagram 2.3.11.4 Mortinatality per 1000, in percent to the number live and stillborn, 2004 The conducted study confirms the results of numerous works in sphere of POPs effects on reproductive health. In agrarian-industrial dis tricts, to which Tursunzadevski and Yavanski districts belong, it is connected, in all probabil ity, with influence of POPs, including POPs related pesticides, and also with PCBs, dioxins and furans emissions. Socio-economical aspects of POPs prob lem in Tajikistan. Tajikistan, as other countries in the world, is and will be during long time un der the POPs effects, which have both indirect negative effects and direct positive influence in sphere of socio-economical situation in repub lic; and in any case it concerns every citizen in the country. The history of POPs use in Tajiki stan is directly connected with development of agricultural, energy and other sectors of indus try, and also the health care system. However, conducting of full-scale socio-economical as sessment of POPs use is complicated due to lack of reliable statistical data, the main part of which was lost in the period of disorderly institutional reformations during first years of obtaining independency. Ratification of Convention obliges Tajikistan to implement responsibilities, which will lead to concrete changes in the system of existing socio-economical relations. By the planning of all activities, it is necessary to take into consid eration the fact, that Tajikistan is still one of the poorest countries in the world; so the obligatory intention of the National Plan should be conser vation of sustainable development in the nation al economy and increasing of living standards of population in accordance with Poverty Elimi nation Strategy. The activities on Stockholm Convention implementation demand significant financial resources and thorough scrutinizing of various methods on Convention realization Country information 69 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 for maximally effective use of these financial means. So, country priorities in NIP framework were chosen on the base of criteria, which may influence on social and economical situation both in short-term and long-term perspective. The positive socio-economical effect of pesti cides use is connected, first of all, with preser vation of cotton raw materials, which is the main agricultural production of Tajikistan. Thankful to use of alternative methods in agricultural pests control, the DDT share decreased uninterrupt edly from the beginning of 1970th, and the cot ton-plant productivity was high till the collapse of USSR. The special attention should be paid to use of pesticides in health care, where the social benefits from DDT use against malaria carri ers were very high. In former time, the malaria mosquito combat by means of solid treatment of malaria zone with DDT helped to save the tens thousands of lives. The prohibition to use DDT for medical disinfection was implemented on the base of Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR No. 138 from 2nd February 1989. However, the practically eliminated malaria in those times appeared once more in 1970th and reached the epidemic level at the end of 20th century. In spite of the fact, that radical aggravation of malaria situation may be connected with vari ous natural and social factors, and especially with its transferring from neighboring Afghani stan, the role of reduction or stopping of anti malaria measures in last decades of former century should be not understated. Presently, malaria spreading is controlled by means of use the POPs-free preparations, delivered to the country as humanitarian assistance. So, in 2005, accordingly to data of Ministry of Health, were used 2376 kg of “solfac” and “triton” in secticides for anti-malaria treatment of near 10 millions m2. The terms of rendering assistance are limited, and in nearest future Tajikistan may face the threat of new epidemics due to lack of financial means for right time purchase of protective preparations. At the same time, POPs properties predestine the wide diapason of interconnected negative ef fects with significant social consequences and, may be remote, economical consequences. The harmful substances effect directly on human health, change the soils characteristics, con taminate surface and underground waters and break the eco-systems balance. The possible results of their effect may be growth of morbidity (particularly: various types of cancer, disorders of endocrine system, miscarriages and etc.). Generally, the negative socio-economical effects of POPs pesticides includes following components: deterioration and lowering of economical value • of soils as a result of POPs contamination; contamination of water-reservoirs and lower-• ing of water ecosystems’ productivity; increasing of concentration in foodstuffs due to • POPs up-transition in food chain; negative effects on human health;• increasing of economical expenses, connect-• ed with worsening of public health condition (payment for sick-list, reduction of labor pro ductivity and etc.). Determination of effects of exceeded pesti cides concentrations on the economical value of soils may became an effective mechanism for stimulation of their use reduction. In several CIS countries were elaborated penalties for soils contamination. However, such penalties have empirical characters, so they cannot be used selectively concerning POPs in our country. Nowadays, there are no specific data for even approximate classification of soils in accordance with extent of their contamination with POPs. On possible potential of POPs pesticides ef fects on human health, all population of the country may be divided into three main groups: 1. communities, which are prior for under taking of special measures. To this category relates population of settlements, adjusting to places with higher concentration of POPs pesticides. They include large pesticides burial places, storage facilities, former agricultural air-fields and fields of agricultural enterprises, where in former time pesticides were used in extremely high volumes. 2. communities of potentially high risk. They include practically all rural population, involved to agricultural production, for which the higher volumes of pesticides use are typical (cotton growing and horticulture). The special anxiety is stipulated by the fact that majority of cotton pickers are women (in accordance with exist ing data – about 80%); 3. communities of potential risk, connected with eating of foodstuffs and water with high concentration of pesticides. Practically all pop ulation of the country relates to this group, and first of all, it concerns the rural inhabitants. Ecological-epidemiological analysis, con ducted in Tursunzadevski and Yavanski district, revealed the significant growth of morbidity, which may be connected with POPs effects. These data differ greatly from results, received Assessment of pops problem in the country 70 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 in Gornaya Matcha district, where pesticides were practically not used. The average morbidi ty indicators, in particular connected with repro ductive health, in contaminated districts differ significantly from indicators in Gornaya Matcha district and from average indicators all over the country. Such statistics confirms the great level of ecological problems in Tajikistan and neces sity of conducting subsequent researches for revelation of communities, which are prior for undertaking of urgent measures. Revelation of such “hot spots” and determination of public risk groups is the task of detailed inventory. PCB-containing electro-technical equipment was used in Tajikistan during long period; how ever, due to lack of information about PCBs toxicity, there was no any system of regulation of their use, utilization and destruction. On the same reason, there is no data on number of imported PCBs, number of their availability in environmental components as a result of es cape or intentional replacement of waste ma terials, and also no data on extent of territories’ contamination. Nowadays, in spite of long ex ploitation period, the majority of PCB-contain ing electro-technical equipment is functioning well and making profit. It is considered, that potential effects of exist ing PCB-containing electro-technical on human health and environment cannot be compared with pesticides effects, because the PCB containing systems are closed and technically isolated. The number of personnel, dealing with such equipment is approximately several hundreds peoples. Realization of Stockholm Convention demands significant financial and technical support for replacing of PCB-contain ing transformers and capacitors with alterna tive equipment, and also for establishment of infrastructure on their collection, transportation and ecologically safe destruction. The unintentionally produced dioxins and furans, which are the side products of several technological processes, are not useful them selves; but the enterprises, which are the sourc es of uPOPs are often of a great importance for economical development of the country. In Tajikistan, there were not revealed enterprises, which are considered by Annex C of Conven tion as the large dioxins and furans sources; moreover, lack of reliable medical statistics for the last years is the serious obstacle for mak ing any conclusions on risk assessment. The most significant social process, leading to di oxins and furans emissions, is domestic com bustion of fuel (mainly, guza-poya - biological fuel), which, in accordance with calculations of initial inventory, is the source of 43% of these substances emission from their total number. The principle variants of solution problem on removal of POPs-containing materials are fol lowing: safe removal and destruction of POPs-con-• taining materials in existing of newly created industrial enterprises of the country; transportation/export of POPs-containing ma-• terials for their ecologically safe destruction. Every of these approaches have their advan tages and shortcomings; moreover, depending on results of technical-economical assessment, the combined variant may be accepted. In any case, solution of Stockholm Convention task on safe removal of POPs-containing materials im plies the establishment of special infrastructure and import of high-tech and expensive equip ment to the country; in its turn, it will lead to cre ation of additional working places and, to con siderable degree, it will improve the ecological awareness of peoples and health of the nation. 2.3.12. Information about existing evalua tion system and lists of new chemical sub stances. Accordingly to Article 8, Tajikistan as the Stockholm Convention Party may give sug gestions on inclusion of additional substances to the Annex A, B and C in accordance with requirements of Annex D. In accordance with data, received during initial inventory of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, Tajikistan supports the suggestion of Mexico concerning inclusion of γ-HCH (lindan) to the list of chemical substances, regulated by Stock holm Convention, for discussion at the Confer ence of Parties. Accordingly to characteristics, prepared by Al-Union Scientific Research Insti tute of Hygiene and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymeric and Plastic Mass, HCH is the me dium-toxic (3rd class of harmfulness), harmful on its volatility extent and very resistant in the environmental components. In 1967, in repub lic were used about 11 thousand tons of γ-HCH on preparation (1,8 thousand tons on reactant); in 1991, γ-HCH consumption decreased in 8,5 times and became about 1,3 thousand tons on preparation (0,20 thousand tons on reactant). In 2006, about 3,0 tons of lindan (on preparation) were used for treatment of soils in Dangarinski district of Hatlon region. In spite of the fact that in 1986 technical HCH was forbidden for use; in 1987, limitations for use of 12% HCH dust were introduced by Ministry of Health of USSR; and in 1990, lindan was prohibited for use, in the Country information 71 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 environmental components, including surface (channels) and underground waters, in soils, in fruits and vegetables, in meat and cow milk (in cattle-breeding production, the availability of γ-HCH is inadmissible), and also in breast milk the γ-HCH residuals were revealed (1995). There were cases of MPC. On the opinion of Mr. Zusovski - famous Polish scientist, avail ability of HCH in soils, even after its complete prohibition, will be revealed till 2050. Chlordecon, suggested by European Union (EU) and its states, which are parties of the Stockholm Convention, for insertion to the list of chemical substances regulated by Convention, was never produced and used in Tajikistan as the agricultural pesticide. So, there is no data on its import, use and stocks. Nevertheless, if this preparation corresponds to all POPs cri teria, Tajikistan as the Stockholm Convention Party will support of inclusion this preparation to the list of Convention. In Tajikistan, there is no production of hexa brombiphenyls, suggested by European Union and its states, which are parties of the Stock holm Convention, and ether pentabrombiphe nyl, and perfluoroctan sulfonate (PFOS) and 96 connected with PFOS substances, sug gested by Sweden. Tajikistan will support the inclusion of these substances to the list of new POPs in case if national experts will receive the information concerning places and types of their use in re public, qualitative and quantitative data about these substances emissions to the environment and other criteria, on base of which, accordingly to Item 6 of the Article 8 and Annex E, these substances will be included to the Annex A or Annex B of the Stockholm Convention. At the moment being, we have not such information. Tajikistan, as the Party of Convention, will prepare the suggestions concerning inclusion of other substances, corresponding to POPs criteria and causing anxiety in the country, and also will fix appropriate obligations for elimina tion of these chemical substances. 2.3.13. Detailed data about existing as sessment system and regulation of chemi cal substances, which are available in the market. Appearance of pesticides in Tajikistan’s mar kets should be officially registered by State Committee on Chemical Safety - special au thorized state body, which was established on the base of Governmental Statement of the Re public of Tajikistan No. 92 from 3rd March 2003 and State Sanitary Epidemiological Station of the Republic of Tajikistan, functioning accord ingly to Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “About Assuring of Sanitary-epidemiological Safety of Population” (2003). Registration is realized on the base of decision of experts’ commission and on the results of registration examination of pesticides for the period of two years, and in future for 10 subsequent years. Registra tion may be abolished or suspended before the appointed period by revelation of new data on their harmfulness. For providing of consumers with information about safe pesticides handling, the juridical and physical persons, who apply for state registration of pesticides, are obliged to give appropriate recommendations on trans portation, use and storing of pesticides, and also the label and precautionary marks. Deliv ery of hazardous productions (pesticides) to the markets of Tajikistan is realized on the permis sion of Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection and Ministry of Health. Republican Center on Sanitary-epidemio logical Control within Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan and its regional sub-di visions make selection of samples, including pesticides, sold in the markets for controlling of correspondence of productions (preparations) to their labels. Specification of production and its effects on agricultural pests and etc. are taken into consideration. The inspections are conducted in accordance with Law of the Re public of Tajikistan “About State Sanitary Con trol” (1994) and Statement about State Sani tary-epidemiological Control of the Republic of Tajikistan (2003). Juridical and Physical per sons, dealing with packaging, labeling, storing and transportation of pesticides, are inspected accordingly to Statement about State Sanitary epidemiological Service of the Republic of Ta jikistan. By revelation of transgressions, the officials of Sanitary Epidemiological Service have a right to give special instructions, oblig ing these physical and juridical persons to im plement them in appointed period. The reports of regional sub-divisions about such examina tions are submitted to the Republican Center of State Sanitary-epidemiological Control with in Ministry of Health. The checking of markets is conducted irregularly, mainly after receiving of negative information from consumers. Chemical preparations for domestic use, be fore their delivery to the market, are controlled by the Agency on Standardization, Metrology, Certification and Trade Inspection within Gov ernment of the Republic of Tajikistan and Min istry of Health. Assessment of pops problem in the country 72 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 3. ELEMENTS OF STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN OF THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Chapter 3 includes two elements – official political statement and strategy of NIP. Politi cal Statement reflects the commitments of Ta jikistan on POPs problems solution, including official acceptance of NIP support. Strategy of implementation will include the exact action plans or strategies of implementation commit ments on Convention and other additional pur poses, determined by the country. 3.1. POLITICAL STATEMENT FOR SUP PORTING OF IMPLEMENTATION COMMIT MENTS OF TAJIKISTAN ON REALIzATION OF STOCKHOLM CONvENTION ON PER SISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS. Participation in international agreements, regulating ecological aspects of the country in 21st century, is necessary for the sate for its coming-to-be progressive in national policy on achievement of Millennium Goals. The Republic of Tajikistan, sharing the anxi ety of international community, connected with POPs use, signed the Stockholm Convention on POPs in 2002 and ratified it the on 6th De cember 2006. Government of Tajikistan will conscientiously implement and undeviatingly observe all provisions of Convention. NIP is the first national document on imple mentation of Stockholm Convention, and it is the officially approved approach to realization of commitments of the country. Plan includes the activities, based on Stockholm Convention provisions and legislation of the Republic of Ta jikistan. In NIP are presented the strategic pur poses of the Tajik Government and priorities on POPs problems solution on the national level. Tajikistan, accordingly to its commitments on implementation of provisions and require ments of Stockholm Convention, is intended to decrease the negative POPs effects both on human health and environment till minimum, in accordance with time period fixed in Conven tion, and by availability of appropriate financial and technical means it may be done earlier. This political statement is confirmed by NIP. Process of its implementation is based on ac tive participation of national partners: minis tries, agencies, scientific-research and educa tional institutions, community and mass media. Dissociation of their activity in sphere of POPs problems solution will be removed by planned working program. For achievement of NIP purposes, Tajik Gov ernment, in the limits of its possibilities, will allocate financial and technical resources for its realization. The important condition for suc cessful NIP realization is rendering of timely and appropriate technical and financial support to Tajikistan, which is the Party with economy in transition, taking into consideration the peculiar demands of country in sphere of capacity build ing and its strengthening for fulfillment of com mitments on Stockholm Convention on POPs. Participation of Tajikistan in the Stockholm Convention on POPs – it is the real step for integration of country to the process of inter national collaboration on elimination of these hazardous chemical substances. 3.2 STRATEGY OF IMPLEMENTATION. This sub-section contains the description of activities specified in NIP on implementation of Stockholm Convention commitments, and also the coordination mechanism of certain NIP ac tivities, including review, reporting, assessment and updating of NIP. Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan Suggestions and priorities on implementation of development strategy and capacity building Responsible imple menting agencies * 1 2 Establishment of National Center on Implementation of Stockholm Convention on POPs (NCSC). Giving to the National Center the coordinating and informational pow ers and functions in sphere of assessment projects and environmental measures in accordance with legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan on chemical substances man agement, and also in sphere of changing existing practice on decision making and ac ceptance of economical measures. Tajik Government, MA&EP Building of appropriate technological capacity for removal of PCB wastes, POPs-relat ed pesticides, POPs contaminated wastes, and also contaminated soils and sediments Tajik Government, MA&EP, ME&I, MH Identification and assessment of POPs effects on human health and environment, based on criteria, standards and norms/limits, which are recognized on international level Tajik Government, MH, MA&EP, Academy of Sciences, SSC Table 3.2.1. Suggestion and priorities on implementation of development strategy and capacity building. 73 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 * См. Перечень сокращений и аббревиатур. Strategy of implementation 1 2 Conducting of research on alternative chemical substances MA&EP, ME&I, MH, Academy of Sciences Conducting of works on review, reporting, evaluation and updating of NIP. MA&EP, ME&I, MH Determination of commitments of national partners Tajik Government, MA&EP, ME&I, MED&T The listed in the Table 3.2.1 committees, ministries, agencies and institutions are re sponsible for following components of NIP re alization: development of national institutional and • technical capacity for realization of NIP pro visions; implementation of commitments on Convention, including its requirements, reporting, establishment of information ex change; assuring of full-right participation in Stockholm Convention as its Party; achievement of high level of awareness • on POPs problem and steady devotion to implementation of NIP and commitments of Stockholm Convention by officials, respon sible for decision making; achievement of high level involvement of • public community and other interested par ties in elaboration, updating and realization of NIP; capacity building for monitoring of POPs • availability in environmental components and POPs effects on human health; inclusion of this issue to the National System of Environ mental and Social-Hygienic Monitoring; establishment of base for timely financing • of NIP measures by means of preparation package of suggestions concerning invest ments, technical assistance and capacity building for subsequent receiving of grants in framework of constant financial mecha nism of Convention, with taking into consid eration issues of co-financing in framework of financial possibilities, specified in strategy of collaboration; and also receiving financial support from other international sources. During process of NIP realization, interested ministries, agencies and etc. will determine jointly the cost of every activity implementation in accordance with Working Plan. 3.2.1. Principles of implementation. By realization of NIP measures, the special support will be rendered to implementation of following principles: Public community involvement. Effective real ization of Stockholm Convention on POPs with taking into consideration the establishment of inter-agency coordination on the national level. Such coordination approach is intended on col laboration of public community and interested partners on all levels of chemicals’ manage ment and assurance of chemical safety from side of responsible persons in industrial sec tor, interested labor and social collectives, and also NGOs. Providing of public community with informa tion. Observation of internationally recognized criteria, standards and norms, acceptance of which will be possible only after detailed as sessment of existing national standards. Significant support will be rendered to the researches in sphere of chemical substances, which are the POPs alternatives. General agreement on work will be reached on the base of determined commitments of na tional partners. Timely implementation of obligations will help to avoid the introduction of special ex emptions. Determination of economical effectiveness of drafted Working Plan. Taking into consideration the real economi cal condition of enterprises. Observation of BAT and BEP principles. In Tajikistan, the process of NIP realization will start in 2008. NIP will add the existing national activities in corresponding spheres on the base of collabo ration with interested ministries and agencies during conducting of detailed POPs inventory, collection and storing of POPs pesticides, PCB containing equipment and their safe elimina tion. The appropriate conditions will be created for collaboration with other National Program Documents (National Action Plan on Environ ment and Health Protection, strategy on Pov erty Reduction, national Action Plan on envi ronment Protection) and international projects (Regional Action Plan on Environment Protec tion, Initiative “Environment and Safety” and etc.), and also for assuring of providing public community with appropriate information. Plan of NIP realization will include following: determination of responsible ministries/agen cies; terms of implementation; budget expen ditures (cost of implementation); and probable sources of financing. 74 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 3.2.2. Approval of national priorities. Conclusions on Phase III of the POPs Proj ect, which were done during national seminar on determination and approval of priorities, include the national priorities and approved purposes, recognized and approved by all seminar participants and members of National Coordination Committee on POPs in Tajikistan. The priorities include following: improvement of legislative and normative • basis on POPs regulation in accordance with Stockholm Convention provisions and International Agreements. Purpose: harmo nization of legislation in accordance with Stockholm Convention provisions, elabora tion of appropriate legislation with taking into consideration the POPs reduction; strengthening of institutional capacity on • POPs management - Establishment of Na tional Center on realization of Stockholm Convention on POPs . The purpose is elab oration of national infrastructure for more effective management of POPs and POPs containing wastes; establishment of laboratorial base in accor-• dance with international requirements/stan dards. Purpose: strengthening of existing laboratories of Ministry of Agriculture and En vironment Protection, Ministry of Energy and Industry and Academy of Sciences, or cre ation of new analytical laboratories. This pur pose includes also the training on standard izations of methodologies and equipment; detailed inventory on all POPs categories • and creation of system on monitoring and state statistic reporting on POPs (pesticides, PCBs, dioxins and furans) and similar to POPs substances. Purpose: conducting of detailed inventory on all POPs categories, establishment of appropriate national struc ture for effective management in sphere of safe handling and stage-by-stage reduction and eliminating of POPs; reduction of risk for public health and envi-• ronment from POPs-containing pesticides. Purpose: preparation and conducting mea sures on revelation of sources of pesticides contamination (pesticides’ burial places, storage facilities and agricultural air-fields), and also reduction of risk for peoples and environment from stored pesticides. Basing on results of researches and risks assess ments, the technical measures on safe re moval and elimination of pesticides in priority sources of contamination will be elaborated and implemented; conducting measures on eradication of ma-• laria pest-holes by use of POPs-free prepa rations. The purpose of this priority is pre vention of malaria outbreaks and epidemics without use of DDT and other preparations, related to POPs. Such approach will con tribute to non-contamination of environment with POPs-containing substances; safe removal and elimination of PCBs and • PCB-containing electro-technical equipment. Purpose: elaboration and implementation of technical measures on stage-by-stage re moval of electro-technical PCB-containing equipment and its replacement with the al ternative ones; study of unintentionally produced POPs ef-• fects on public health and environment. Pur pose: determination of effects on human health in accordance with results of risk as sessment and laboratory analyses; and also reduction of dioxins and furans emissions by means of BAT/BEP introduction, conducting of regular POPs monitoring; strengthening of informing process, aware-• ness rising of policy makers, representa tives of ministries, agencies and public community in all aspects of top-priority ac tivities on POPs. Purpose: establishment of information exchange between interested ministries, interdepartmental committees in sphere of POPs regulations, and also be tween Convention Parties; conducting of POPs training programs (Manuals on BAT/ BEP); increasing of accessibility of popula tion to the Informational POPs Centers and all POPs-related information; Financial and technical resources.• The priorities were determined on the base of results of initial POPs inventory during Project Phase II. The main documents are presented in materials on conducted initial inventory. Observation of principles on protection of hu man health and environment in all stages of POPs management, including study of chemi cals’ effects during their use; study of negative consequences; and inculcation of penalties for environment contamination – all these issues should be discussed with citizens, who has right to know and take part in the work of POPs management, and with all partners. For solution of above-mentioned tasks, the following priority activities were determined: 1. 1. Elaboration and acceptance of Law “About persistent organic pollutants” in the Republic of Tajikistan. This Law will al low establishing the effective system on POPs Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 75 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 management in accordance with Stockholm Convention provisions and commitments of Tajikistan on this Convention implementation. This Law will be the foundation for elabora tion of normative base in all sectors, which are dealing with issues of POPs turnover or their effects on public health and environment. 2. Establishment of National Center on Stockholm Convention on POPs realization within Ministry of Agriculture and Environ ment Protection of the Republic of Tajiki stan. This Center will realize the management and interdepartmental coordination of all ac tivities on implementation of Stockholm Con vention provisions in Tajikistan. Its task will be controlling and evaluating of NIP realization and making decisions on its revision, updating and insertion of NIP elements to other national strategies, political solutions and plans. Func tioning of Center will contribute to the capacity building and strengthening on Stockholm Con vention implementation and to effective use of financial means, allocating from internal and external sources. In framework of National Center will function the information agency for assurance of appropriate exchange of POPs information. One of the tasks of this agency will be collection and processing of informa tion concerning implementation of Stockholm Convention, and familiarization of policymak ers, representatives of ministries and agen cies with such information. Also, the func tions of agency will include: organization of seminars for training of specialists in sphere of POPs problem solution; conducting of training for population; establishment of collaboration between National Center on Stockholm Con vention and mass media and issue of press releases. This agency will be the instrument of implementation commitments of Tajikistan on Aarhus Convention of UN European Eco nomical Commission 1998 about Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmen tal Matters. 3. Re-packaging and elimination of ob solete and forbidden pesticides. Obsolete pesticides are storing in inappropriate condi tions, without reliable isolation from population and environment. Practically all containers are worn-out and don’t correspond to their func tions; storage facilities are also in inappropri ate conditions. As a result, the soil inside and around storage facilities contains high con centration of pesticides, and it is the serious threat for public health and environment. The existing system of registration and guarding don’t ensure prevention of thefts and other kinds of escapes. It is necessary to conduct modernization of storage facilities, including re-packaging of pesticides and cleaning of neighboring territory. 4. Liquidation of potential threat for pub lic health and environment by means of rehabilitative measures in Kanibadamski and vahshski burial places of pesticides. For determination of risk’s extent and selec tion of optimal method for liquidation of po tential threat of pesticides burial places will be conducted special researches (geological, meteorological, hydro-geological, sanitary hygienic with taking into consideration the risk for human health, environment and socio economical situation), and also the technical and-economic substantiation for conducting of rehabilitative works will be prepared. On the base of technical-and-economic assessment, the special project will be elaborated. The main direction of alternative activities is: liq uidation of Kanibadamski and Vahshski pes ticides burial places and/or appropriate isola tion of buried pesticides (about 10,5 thousand tons, including 3,1 thousand tons of DDT) for the long period. 5. Eradication of malaria pest-holes by DDT alternative methods. Climatic conditions and geographic location of Tajikistan stipulate the uninterrupted conducting of anti-malaria measures in the regions of potential malaria spreading. Eradication of malaria pest-holes by POPs-free preparations demand conducting of expensive measures on the base of thorough planning, constant financing and international assistance. Observance of above-mentioned conditions will allow refusing of DDT use, even as exemption, for control of malaria carriers. 6. Replacement of electro-technical PCB containing equipment with alternatives and its ecologically safe elimination. In accor dance with Annex A, Part II of Stockholm Con vention and approved schedule of stage-by stage decommissioning and replacement with alternatives, the process of stopping use PCB containing equipment will start in 2008 and complete by 2011. Effectiveness and complete ness of these activities depend on availability of financial support for fulfillment of planned activities and right-time providing with appro priate financing. Ecologically safe removal of PCBs and PCB-contaminated equipment will be completed by 2013, in case of availability appropriate financial support. Strategy of implementation 76 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 7. Reduction of dioxins and furans emis sions in industry and energy sector, as a re sult of implementation Best Available Tech nologies (BAT) and Best Environmental Practices (BEP). Use of BAT and ecologically safe practices is the key for solution of above mentioned issues, including reduction of diox ins and furans emissions and improvement of social problems of local communities. Imple mentation of BAT and BEP is very important for reconstructed and new enterprises, which are the sources of dioxins and furans emissions. It is necessary to conduct the researches con cerning use of cotton-stalks (guza-poya) as a fuel, which is the source of dioxins and furans emission, and to find of alternative energy sources. 8. Solution of problems, connected with uncontrolled combustion of solid munici pal wastes, by means of BAT and BEP in troduction. Uncontrolled combustion of solid communal wastes and medical wastes, in accordance with international experience, is considered as the most significant source of dioxins and furans emissions to the environ ment. It is necessary to establish the strict system of registration solid municipal wastes and medical wastes all over the country and implement BAT and BEP for their elimination and utilization. 9. Elaboration of POPs monitoring sys tem and establishment of chemical-analyt ical laboratory oriented on implementation of the Stockholm Convention requirements and accredited on the international level. ВIn the process of NIP realization, the acute need in such laboratory will appear. The multi level system of POPs monitoring should be establish practically anew on the base of exist ing institutions and infrastructure; the sectors of implementation should be determined and schedules of monitoring should be prepared. The important condition of this task implemen tation is providing laboratories with appropriate equipment and training of specialists. 3.2.3. Main principles of NIP realization. NIP will add the existing national activi ties in corresponding spheres by means of collaboration with interesting ministries and agencies during conducting of detailed inven tory of POPs, collection and storing of POPs pesticides, electro-technical PCB-containing equipment and their safe elimination. The appropriate conditions will be prepared for establishment of collaboration with other Na tional Program Documents (Strategy on Pov erty Reduction, national Action Plan on envi ronment and Health Protection and national Action Plan on Environment Protection) and International Projects (Regional Action Plan on environment Protection, “environment and safety” and etc), and also for public aware ness raising. For avoiding of duplication activities, speci fied in Action Plan and NIP strategies, and for assurance of their step-by-step implementa tion, it is necessary to determine the main principles of realization, which will help to co ordinate the starting time and period of imple mentation, and also the distribution of financial and technical means. Principles of realization of Stockholm Convention NIP: inter-agency coordination on the national • level: coordination will be realized jointly with all interested partners with taking into consideration the responsibility for chemi cals’ management on all levels, and also with specialists on chemical safety issues, including representatives of industry, health care, agriculture and public community. Coordination of activity will be realized by National Center on Stockholm Convention within Ministry of Agriculture and Environ ment Protection; information (data on POPs and their man-• agement): the information will be collected and processed, especially in cases if it con cerns the national or local situation or health of population and environment; it is neces sary for making decisions and risk manage ment with taking into consideration the local conditions; main legislation and infrastructure:• it is nec essary to strengthen the legislative, institu tional / administrative and technical infra structure for achievement of their adequate level. It will help to improve the control of implementation provisions of the Stockholm Convention on POPs; reporting:• in accordance with Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “About Persistent Or ganic Pollutants”, accepted on the base of existing procedures, the reporting should be observed. Both Ministry of Agriculture and environment Protection and national Cen ter on Stockholm Convention will be respon sible for preparation of reports for the Secre tariat of Convention; POPs risks determination and assessment:• the assessment of POPs risks for human health and environment will be conducted. Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 77 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 As far as possible, the national standards and norms will be accepted; risks management with taking into account • the establishment of appropriate manage ment: this process will include all activities, connected with import / export, transporta tion, storage, use and elimination of POPs. Special attention will be paid to POPs pesti cides and PCBs; the work on revelation of most vulnerable • public groups, subjected to POPs effects; collaboration with public community involved to solution of POPs problems; alternative chemicals:• the large-scale re searches on POPs alternatives will be con ducted; conducting of NIP review, evaluation and • updating, reporting; achievement of agreements with national • partners. 3.2.4. Mechanisms of the implementation strategy review. The strategy on NIP realization includes the mechanisms of reporting and progress moni toring. It is a pledge of successful implementa tion of measures and controlling of effective ness of used instruments. Moreover, it is necessary to determine the interconnection of NIP results in whole and components of separate NIP parts. With this purpose, the terms and legislative and regula tive measures of implementation of Stockholm Convention should be determined. 3.3. ACTIvITY, STRATEGY AND ACTION PLANS. This section includes the list of strategies, activities and action plans with taking into con sideration the necessity to improve situation on national level in sphere of realization Stock holm Convention on POPs. Activity, strategy and action plans Activity, strategy and action plans Responsible executors Legislative, institutional measures and measures on strengthening of regu lations. Government of Tajikistan, MA&EP, MH, ME&I Reduction of POPs emission to the environment, including combustion of solid fuel, municipal wastes, fires and etc. Reduction of POPs effects on human health. MA&EP, МЗ, ME&I, Municipal Service «Hojagii manzili komu nali» Liquidation of old stocks and used POPs chemicals (especially it concerns PCB-containing electro-technical equipment), their elimination by safe methods for environment and human health. MA&EP, ME&I, MH Introduction of BAT / BEP in future strategies on the industry development. MA&EP, ME&I, MED&T Collection of additional data, necessary for objective assessment of POPs stocks in individual economical branches. MA&EP, ME&I, Municipal Mu nicipal Service «Hojagii manzili komunali» Optimization of monitoring programs of the ministries and agencies for realization of tasks, connected with Stockholm Convention implementation. MA&EP, MH, ME&I, Municipal Service «Hojagii manzili ko munali» Plan of NIP realization includes: specifica tion of responsible ministries/agencies; terms of implementation; budget expenses (cost of measures implementation), possible financial sources. 3.3.1. Activity: Legislative, institutional measures and measures on regulation strengthening. This activity includes the improvement the existing legislation in accordance with the Stockholm Convention and insertion of provi sions about creation of broad approach to the chemical safety in the country. This activity in cludes also the elaboration of special norma tive-methodical acts and manuals / handbooks for their practical use. The main element is the establishment of institutional collaboration in sphere of POPs problems solution all over re public and further dissemination of experience on chemical safety. In Tajikistan, problem on chemicals, includ ing POPs, is very serious. There is no in the country the appropriate legislation, specifying the activity of corresponding bodies (minis tries, agencies and etc.) on implementation of POPs Convention, which should undertake the appropriate measures for achievement of Con vention purposes. In Tajikistan, the success of Convention implementation depends on intro duction of certain provisions to the institutional and legislative structure on chemicals’ man agement in the country. It is obviously, that the legislation of Tajikistan should be based on international provisions and norms, and it will be the foundation for timely and effective implementation of Stockholm 78 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Convention on POPs. Implementation of Con vention’s provisions and conducting of POPs inventory on the national level should have the legislative basis, reflecting responsibilities of private and state institutions, enterprises and etc. For this purpose it is necessary to insert the amendments to the legislation of Tajikistan in accordance with Stockholm Convention on POPs or to elaborate a new law, the provisions of which will not only regulate the management of POPs pesticides, PCBs and PCB-contain ing equipment, which became wastes or are simply thrown to the environment, but also they should require the conducting of obliga tory testing (during production or purchasing) for assessment of potential threat of chemical substances for human health by their emission to the environment. In accordance with legislation of former Sovi et Union, the substances listed in the Annex A (excepting PCBs) and Annex B of Convention (DDT use for medical disinfection was forbid den by the Order of the Ministry of Health of USSR No. 138 from 02.03.1989) were forbid den during period from 1970 to 1992. Thus, leg islation of Tajikistan concerning chemical sub stances should be elaborated in accordance with demands of the country and requirements of Convention. As to unintentionally produced POPs, new legislation and regulations should be directed on reduction, and if possible, on complete elimination of emission POPs, listed in the Annex C of the Convention. Moreover, it is necessary to elaborate such regulatory mechanisms, which will allow assuring the flexibility by expansion of list of the forbidden substances accordingly to demands and con ditions of the country. In the light of above, the most reasonable way is the acceptance of law on POPs. New legisla tive provisions should be supported by special regulative measures: normative-methodical acts, statements and instructions and etc. for practical introductions of POPs legislation, i.e. to use it as the instrument of management. For implementation of Stockholm Conven tion on POPs, the following work is necessary: establishment of National Center on imple-• mentation of Stockholm Convention on POPs (NCSC) within Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection; preparation of guidelines on POPs elimina-• tion problem with taking into consideration the advantages of non-combustion tech nologies; insertion to all corresponding guidelines the • standards on POPs availability in sewages (risk for environment; contamination of food chain; adaptation of methods on treatment sewages from industrial enterprises) and soils; introduction of limits on availability of diox-• ins and furans in wastes (gaseous, fluid and solid) and elaboration of norms for availabil ity of POPs in other wastes; for prevention of “new hot spots” formation, • it is necessary to fix legislatively the prohibi tion of POPs-containing wastes in dumps of industrial wastes and SMW. In this section is given the description of sug gested institutional structure with special em phasize on its potential; here is specified the necessity of involvement government to the long-term process on solution of issues con cerning observation of legislation by means of establishment of constant body. For implemen tation of commitments on the Stockholm Con vention it is necessary to arrange coordination between ministries and agencies, working with POPs problems. For arrangement of effective coordination and collaboration with government and inter ested ministries and agencies it is necessary to establish NC SC within Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection (as the juridical person) and the expert net inside of the country. Its tasks will be following: arrangement of co ordination between individual ministries, insti tutions and agencies, working on this problem; rendering support in implementation of Stock holm Convention on POPs; updating of national POPs inventory with regard to legislative provi sions; control and evaluation of NIP realization; and making decisions on its updating. Other important task of NC SC is the insertion of NIP elements to other national strategies, political solutions and plans. Moreover, it will coordinate the activity on implementation of such interna tional agreements as Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention and Aarhus Protocol on Register of Toxic Chemical Substances Trans mission with taking into consideration the es tablishment of collaboration, increasing of cost efficiency, transparency, improvement of re porting and mutual development. NC SC should be the responsible link in the process of appropriate information collection, assessment of conditions for successful imple mentation, evaluation of progress activity and removal of obstacles for NIP realization. NC SC should establish the stable system of reporting and conducting of training for representatives of Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 79 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 all involved parties; it should submit periodically the reports on activity results to the Ministry of Agriculture and environment Protection. nC sC will work with Secretariat of Convention and oth er agencies in sphere of information exchange (Article 9), conducting of international investiga tions and monitoring (Article 11), rendering of technical assistance (Article 12), providing of financial resources (Article 13) and observation of reporting requirements (Article 15, Annex A – Part II, Annex B, Part II, Article 5 (a)). The main activity of NC SC should be fo cused on practical realization of ecological idea – work without frontier for “POPs-free Future” and on establishment of institutional base for realization of Tajikistan’s commitments, as the Stockholm Convention Party. The principles of NCSC activities should be following: sustain ability, transparency, professionalism, reliabil ity, inter-agency collaboration and combination of program (development of programs on the state level – POPs monitoring, elimination of in tentional POPs wastes, introduction of cleaner production for reduction of uPOPs emission, in formation and education, and etc.) and project approach in sphere of POPs management. NCSC activity should be based on under standing of global harmfulness of POPs, which spread in spite of all political and administrative borders and departmental interests. It is nec essary to create the appropriate conditions for collaboration with other international projects. Ministries and other state institutions will be responsible for monitoring and evaluation of activities in their subordinated sectors. The re ceived results will be included to the process of making corresponding decisions. The local au thorities will be responsible for monitoring and evaluation of activities in accordance with their powers. Executive agencies of individual proj ects will be responsible for monitoring of their activity and for timely reporting. Measures Responsible executors Terms of implement tation Indicators of imple menttation Total (thou sands USD) Potential sources of financing 1 2 3 4 5 6 Improvement of legislative structure Elaboration and acceptance of Law about POPs Govern-ment of RT, MA&EP 2009-2010 Statement of Majlisi Oli of RT about ac ceptance of Law 20,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Changing of legislation of RT in accordance with requirements of Stockholm Convention: Cre ation of normative-methodical base for POPs-chemicals man agement, assuring prevention of duplication of activities and contradictions with provisions of Stockholm Convention on POPs; establishment of system on chemical safety. Consulta tions with partners. MA&EP, NCSC, ME&I, Ministry of Justice (MJ) 2009-2011 Package of normative legal normative and methodical docu ments, approved by special authorized bodies. Protocols of partners’ agreements 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Insertion to legislation the is sues, connected with POPs elimination; specification of advantages of combustion-free technologies; elaboration of standards on POPs destruction, basing on principles of effective POPs elimination. MA&EP, NCSC, ME&I, MJ 2009-2011 Insertion of Conven tion provisions on POPs elimination to the national leg islation. Package of documents, approved by special authorized bodies. 50,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Insertion to the legislation the issues concerning accumula tion of hazardous wastes, in cluding POPs-containing ones, in damps, burial places, stor age facilities (new “hot spots” MA&EP, NCSC, ME&I, Municipal Service «Ho jagii manzili ko munali», MJ 2009-2011 Insertion of Conven tions’ provisions on POPs-containing wastes to the legisla tion of RT. Package of documents, ap proved by special authorized bodies. 50,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Table 3.3.1.1. Action Plan on legislative, institutional and regulatory strengthening. Activity, strategy and action plans 80 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 Improvement of institutional structures Establishment of National Cen ter on Stockholm Convention on POPs implementation (NC SC) within MA&EP with capacity, which can be used by Govern ment for long-term period for solution of issues in sphere of POPs and other chemicals man agement. Govern ment of RT, MA&EP, MJ 2008 Statement of Govern ment of RT about establishment National Center on Stockholm Convention on POPs implementa-tion and approval of NC SC pro visions 100,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, republican budget Arrangement of coordination in sphere of implementation of inter national commitments of Tajikistan on Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions; and improvement of management in sphere of NIP realization. MA&EP, MFA, NCSC 2008 2009 Working Plan of NC SC, Approved by Head of main authority. Es tablishment of coordi nation committees 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Rendering support to the Stock holm Convention implementation: training of personnel and infra structure building (new equipment: computers and etc.), including conducting seminars and updating of national POPs inventory data by means of official regulation. MA&EP, NCSC, MF and ME&I 2008 2012 Assessment of needs, elaboration of manuals, programs and plans 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Development of regulatory mechanisms Elaboration of recommendations on improvement of national policy on POPs and other chemicals management. MA&EP, nCsC, ME&I, MJ 2008 2009 Instructions, technical documents; Register of POPs-containing wastes; Register of PVB-containing equipment. 150,0 International donor’s assistance, GEF. republican budget Introduction of legislative provisions on POPs in activity of administrative bodies. MA&EP, nCsC, ME&I, MH, MJ 2009 2010 Normative-legislative acts, approved by specially authorized bodies 40,0 International donor’s assistance, republican budget Systematic updating of list on forbidden for use POPs. MA&EP, nCsC, MH Constant ly List, approved by authorized body (Committee on chemical safety) 15,0 Republican budget Elaboration and introduction of norms on POPs containment in air, soil, water, foodstuffs and wastes (gaseous, fluid and solid). MA&EP, nCsC, MH, ME&I 2009 2012 Norms, approved by MH of RT 50,0 GEF, international donor’s assistance, republican budget Total: 875,0 3.3.2. Activity: Measures on reduction and stopping of emission by intentional use. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the agricultural pesticides, PCBs and electro-technical PCB containing equipment were never produced. Nowadays, Tajikistan does not import on use the POPs-containing chemicals, excluding PCBs containing in electro-technical equipment, which is exploited in the moment being. Tajikistan, as the Party of Convention and in accordance with Article 3 of the Convention is obliged to accept the legislative and administrative measures, which are necessary for reduction and stopping use of chemical substances, listed in Annex A. Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 81 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Measure Responsible executors Terms of implemen tation Indicators of imple mentation Potential finan cial sources Changing of Tajik legislation in accordance with requirements of Stockholm Convention MA&EP, NCSC, MJ 2009 Introduction of Conven tion’s provisions to the Tajik national legislation International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Reduction / stopping of POPs emissions from their intentional use MA&EP, NCSC, ME&I 2011 2013 Recorded quantitative data about reduction of POPs emission from their intentional use International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Establishment of system on con trol of environmental components contamination with POPs in the re gions with higher ecological risks MA&EP, NCSC, MH 2010 System of control on state and departmental levels, approved by specially authorized body International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Prohibition of import and preven tion of illegal import of chemicals, listed in Annexes A and B MA&EP, NCSC, Customs Ser vice 2008 Statement of Govern ment of the Republic of Tajikistan Republican bud get Elaboration and approval of rules on handling with obsolete and for bidden pesticides MA&EP, NC sC, MH 2008 2009 Instructions, approved by special authorized body International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Destruction of POPs (pesticides and PCBs wastes). MA&EP, NCSC, ME&I, MH, spe cialized enter prises 2010 2028 Documentation on de struction GEF, international donor assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Table 3.3.2.1. Action Plan on reduction and stopping of emissions from intentional use. 3.3.3. Activity: Production, import, export, use, storage and wastes of POPs-contain ing pesticides, included to Annex A, Part I. Stockholm Convention on POPs includes the prohibition of import and export of all pes ticides, included to the Annex A, excepting the purposes of ecologically safe removal and purposes, which are listed as exemptions. In Article 3 of the Convention, Annex A, is fixed the full prohibition for production of aldrin, diel drin, endrin, heptachlor and toxaphene. As the certain exemption, the production of chlor dane, hexachlorobenzene and mirex may be allowed. Aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene and mirex may be included to the “Register for Certain Exemption”. How ever, the certain exemptions for these chemi cals will be invalid on 17th May 2009; but also they may be continued on the base of request of interested Party at the Conference of Par ties. There is no any exemption for toxaphene and endrin, i.e. the work with them should be connected only with their ecologically safe re moval. DDT is the separate preparation in this list, and to it should be paid special attention. If the Party is intended to use DDT for diseases carriers’ control, it should: 1. register this purpose; 2. elaborate and implement the Action Plan with specification of following: use only for dis eases carriers combat; introduction of alterna tive productions, methods and strategies on diseases control; reduction of morbidity cases. The concrete exemptions for DDT will be invalid on 17th May 2009, but they may be continued on the base of request of interested Party at the Conference of Parties. The initial inventory, conducted in 45% of pesticides storage facilities (167 from 372), functioned in republic at the beginning of 90th years of former century, showed availability of 1601,1 tons of obsolete and forbidden pesti cides, about 4500 tons of pesticides and soils mixtures, which are located in storage facilities and on the adjusting territories. In storage facil ities of Zafarabadski district of Sugd region and Gissarski district of RRS, there are 17,55 tons of DDT. In two pesticides burial places are bur ied 10,5 thousand tons of pesticides, including 3,1 thousand tons of DDT. Activity, strategy and action plans 82 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 This NIP chapter was elaborated with taking into consideration the conducting of operative measures on removal of POPs pesticides – Annex A of the Convention. Institutional and regulatory measures were elaborated in ac cordance with statements, specified in chapter 3.3.1 and 3.3.2. Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 Organization of training for Working Group members in Sugd and Hatlon regions and RRS (40 specialists on plant protection) in sphere of detailed inventory methods with use of the newest standard FAO Forms MA&EP, nCsC training program. Giving out of cer tificates on training completion 2008 30,0 GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Detailed inventory of inventory, including POPs-related ones: in spection of burial places for ob solete and forbidden pesticides, pesticides storage facilities and agricultural air-fields MA&EP, nCsC Working Groups reports 2009 2010 150,0 GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Identification of pesticides sam ples, taken during inventory of pesticides storage facilities MA&EP, nCsC, Acad emy of Sci ences Data of analytical analyses 2009 2010 150,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Identification of pesticides sam ples, buried in pesticides burial places MA&EP, nCsC, Acad emy of Sci ences Data of analytical analyses 2009 2010 150,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Processing of information on sources of POPs pesticides emission, including solution of issues on wastes and monitoring conducting MA&EP, nCsC Report, approved by nC sC 2009 2010 10,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Updating of database on pesti cides MA&EP, nCsC, Complete register on obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs re lated ones (printed and electronic ver sions) 2009 2010 10,0 Republican budget Building of new storage facilities for temporary storing of pesti cides, which should be destruct ed; or use for this purpose the ex isting pesticides storage facilities after bringing them to accord with special standards MA&EP, nCsC Acts on storage fa cilities reception 2009 2010 250,0 International donor assistance, contri bution of republic (budget and local investments) Organization of training for rep resentatives of 3 regions (40 per sons) in sphere of repackaging and transportation of pesticides by means of safe environmental methods; conducting of consul tations with partners and local authorities MA&EP, nCsC Written reports on training conducting (3 Training-semi nars), minutes of consultations 2008 2009 125,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Table 3.3.3.1. Action Plan on liquidation of storage and wastes of POPs pesticides (Annex A, Part 1) Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 83 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 Repackaging of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs ones and assuring of safe conditions for their storage till beginning of process on their destruction MA&EP, nCsC Acts on acceptance of work on pesticides repackaging 2009 2012 300,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Assurance of safety during re packaging and transportation of obsolete and forbidden pesti cides and their mixtures, includ ing POPs-containing ones MA&EP, nCsC Instruction, approved by special authorized bodies Cons-tant ly during work-ing process 150,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Preparation of Technical Economical Assessment for elaboration of optimal variants on destruction of obsolete and forbidden pesticides, including POPs related ones, and also POPs-contaminate environmen tal components (on the base of BAT / BEP). Establishment of Working Group MA&EP, NCSC, ME&I Conclusions of Work ing Group, agreed with interested Par ties 2008-2010 20,0 GEF, international donor assistance. republican budget Elaboration of program on de struction of forbidden and obso lete pesticides, including POPs related ones, with taking into consideration time, place and method of destruction MA&EP, NC sC Programme, ap proved by special authorized bodies 2009 2010 40,0 GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Transportation of repackaged pesticides to the place of de struction on the territory of Tajiki stan or abroad MA&EP, NC sC Acts on reception of pesticides wastes, prepared by organiza tion of destruction 2011 2017 C os t d ep en ds o n pl ac e of d es tru ct tio n GEF, international donor assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Destruction of forbidden and obsolete pesticides, including POPs-related ones, and their mixtures MA&EP, NC sC Acts on destructions 2011- 2017 500,0 GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Realization of complex measures on. Destruction of pesticides mixtures with soils and other substances, located in places for preparation of pesticides solu tions MA&EP, NC sC Acts on destructions 2011- 2017 5000,0 GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Building / purchasing of enter prise on destruction of forbidden and obsolete pesticides, including POPs-related ones MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Act of State Commit tee on reception of enterprise 2010-2015 GEF, international donor assistance, contribution of re public (budget and local investments) Conducting of complex ecological researches in pesticides burial places*, for elaboration of sug gestions on their further function ing or liquidation. Establishment of Working Group. MA&EP, NC sC, MH, Head Geolog ical Depart ment within Government of RT Report of Working, approved by special authorized body 2009-2010 150.0 GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Cleaning, rehabilitation, elimina tion of storage facilities and soils, contaminated with pesticides, in cluding territories of burial places MA&EP, NC sC, MH Acts on works com pletion 2010-2014 C os t w ill d e pe nd o n in ve n to ry re su lts GEF, international donor assistance, republican budget Total: 7035,0 ** Activity, strategy and action plans 84 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 * L. Complex ecological researches in clude following: study of geological-hydrological conditions • of land plots; renovation and construction of regime wells’ • net for control of underground waters; determination of possible ways of pesticides • transition to the environment; analytical researches of eco-systems for • pesticides availability; assessment of risks for public health;• updating and organization of regular local • monitoring in every burial place. On the results of conducted researches, it is necessary to elaborate the program on burial places monitoring. ** without taking into consideration the cost of: a) transportation of repackaged pesticides to the places of their destruction; b) building / purchasing of enterprise on de struction of obsolete and forbidden pesticides; c) cleaning, rehabilitation, elimination of stor age facilities and soils, contaminated with pes ticides, including territories of burial places. 3.3.4. Activity: Production, import, export, use, revelation, labeling, removal, storage and elimination of PCB (chemical substanc es, included in Annex A, Part II). PCBs relate to POPs, included to Annex A of the Convention. Ratification of Stockholm Convention on POPs by Tajikistan means the strong responsibilities for undertaking mea sures on reduction of intentional production of all substances, listed in the Annex A of the Convention, including PCBs (Article 3). Import and export of all substances, included to Annex A of the Convention, should be forbidden, ex cepting purposes of ecologically safe removal and special exemptions. In contrast to other POPs, the Stockholm Convention in its Annex A, Part II specifies the strong time-period for PCBs elimination and priority measures in dependence on quantita tive indicators (volume and availability of PCBs in the equipment). Stockholm Convention re quires stopping the PCBs use in equipment by 2025 – Annex A, Part II, Item (a); and ecologi cally safe destruction – not later than 2028 – Annex A, Part II, Item (e). Moreover, in the Convention are specified the concrete technical measures for PCBs, such as obligatory labeling for all PCB-containing equipment. The priority measures include fol lowing: revelation, labeling and decommission ing of equipment in containing PCBs in con centration more than 10% in 5 liters tanks and higher 0,05% in more than 5 liters tanks (An nex A, Part II, Item (a), subparagraph i, ii, iii). If such equipment will be revealed, their own ers, irrespective of property form, are obliged to withdraw and dismantle it. The purposes and priorities of Action Plan are elaborated on such way that rehabilitation of fluids, containing more than 0,005% (50 ppm) is not allowed, excluding cases of necessity when equipment should be repaired till its decommissioning. After 9th May 2007, i.e. after coming Stockholm Convention into force in Tajikistan, all PCB-containing elec tro-technical equipment should be considered as a waste. By conducting of detailed inventory, the additional number of non-functioning PCB containing electro-technical equipment may be revealed. In this case, the number PCB-con taining wastes will increase. The management of revealed stocks should be realized by means of safe environmental methods. The initial inventory showed the availability of PCB-containing transformers and capaci tors practically in all regions of republic. How ever, the monitoring and registration of import of open, half-closed and closed equipment, in cluding PCB-containing transformers and ca pacitors is not conducted on appropriate level. In accordance with initial inventory, in Tajiki stan were revealed 13 transformers and 2743 capacitors, containing PCBs. The number of PCBs in this equipment is 82,2 tons. The ter ritories, contaminated with PCBs, were not re vealed during inventory, excepting small plots around equipment, which were contaminated due to depressurizing of transformers. The suggested activity includes the measures on PCBs management both for short-term and long-term period with taking into consideration the implementation of commitments on Stock holm Convention. For prevention of import PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and materials to Tajikistan, and also re-export of such equipment from Tajikistan, the draft of Statement of Government of the Republic Ta jikistan “About Measures on Implementation of Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” was prepared. The elaborated re porting form No. 1 – PCBs will allow controlling of movement of PCB-containing electro-tech nical equipment and materials in enterprises, which use such equipment. In accordance with commitments on Stock holm Convention implementation and by avail ability of appropriate financial resources, it is planned to stop completely the use of PCB Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 85 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 containing equipment by 2010, and to eliminate the PCB-containing wasted by means of safe ecological methods by 2012. In the same pe riod, the obsolete electro-technical equipment should be replaced with the modern one. The methods on elimination of PCB-contain ing electro-technical equipment may be divided into two categories: transformers and capaci tors. To every category, the individual technolo gies of destruction should be applied. Trans formers, containing oils of Sovol type, may be emptied, their metal parts may be washed (till PCBs availability in the water less than 50 ppm) and sent to the meltdown. Constructions, made from wood and poured out transformer’s oil together with scourage, should be combust ed by ecologically safe methods or destructed by chemical methods. Capacitors may be de structed wholly in specialized furnaces; also it is possible to dismantle the metal carcass after washing and burning and then to down melt it. The internal parts of capacitor (PVB-sodden paper, foil and cellophane) should be burned in incinerators for hazardous wastes. The small quantity of revealed PCB-contain ing electro-technical equipment (2756 units) during initial inventory allow supposing that it will be mo reasonable to destruct it in the en terprises of other states (from the point of view of economical and ecological aspects). Activity, strategy and action plans Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 Changing of legislation of RT in accordance with requirements of Stockholm Convention MA&EP, NC sC Introduction of Stock holm Convention pro visions to the national legislation of RT 2009 2010 10,0 Government of RT, GEF, interna tional donor’s as sistance Elaboration of normative require ments, regulating the turnover, exploitation, storage and elimina tion of PCB-containing electro technical equipment and wastes MA&EP, NC sC Approval of norma tive-legal acts by the Government of RT 2008 2009 10,0 Government of RT, GEF, interna tional donor’s as sistance Elaboration of system on moni toring and control; register of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment MA&EP, NC sC System on manage ment, monitoring and control, ap proved by specially authorized body 2009 2010 50,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, republican budget, Prohibition of import / /export to and from RT the PCB-containing materials and equipment MA&EP, NC sC Statement of the Government of RT 2008 - Government of RT Conducting of detailed inventory of PCB-containing electro-tech nical equipment in accordance with sectoral principle MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Reports of Working Groups 2008 2010 50,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Revelation and labeling of equip ment, containing more than 50 ppm of PCBs MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Register of electro technical equipment, containing more than 55 ppm of PCBs 2008 2012 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget, GEF Revelation of PCBs contami nated territories MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, Municipal ser vice, “Hojagii manzili com munali” List of territories with specification of con tamination level 2009 2010 50,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, republican budget, local au thorities Examination of SMW dumps and industrial wastes dumps for availability of PCB-containing equipment MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I “Hojagii man zili commu nali” List of industrial dumps and number of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment on their territories. List of ter ritories (m2) 2009 50,0 Donor’s as sistance, GEF, republican budget, local authorities, international Table 3.3.4.1. Action Plan on identification, labeling, transportation, storage and destruction of PCBs and PCB-containing equipment (chemicals, listed in Annex A, Part II). 86 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Identification of samples of trans former oil and soils on contaminated territories MA&EP, NC sC Documentary ap proved data of analyti cal researches 2009 2010 Will be determined after detailed inventory International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Updating of database MA&EP, NC sC Complete register of PCB-containing electro-technical equip ment and materials (in printed and electronic version). 2008 2010 15,0 Republican budget Elaboration of forms and procedure of obligatory reporting on PCBs) MA&EP, NC sC, ssC Statistic reporting form No. 1 – PCBs, ap proved by SSC 2008 2009 10,0 Republican budget Labeling of PCB-containing electro technical equipment. Owners of equipment Reports of enterprises 2008 2010 80,0 Finances of enter prises owning the equipment, republi can budget, Elaboration of schedule on stage by-stage decommissioning of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, owners of equipment Schedules of decom mission-ing, agreed with nC sC and ap proved by heads of enterprises 2008 2010 Finances of enter prises owning the equipment Organization of temporary storage facilities for decommissioned PCB containing electro-technical equip ment and wastes till beginning of their elimination process MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Approval of selected / fitted storage facilities by representatives of MH and MA&EP 2008 2010 50,0 Finances of enter prises owning the equipment , inter national donor’s assistance, Examination of storage facilities in enterprises and timely transportation of PCBs and PCB-containing elec tro-technical equipment and wastes for their elimination MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Testing certificates 2008 2013 Finances of enter prises owning the equipment Collection and transportation of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and wastes to the places of temporary storing MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Acts of reception of PCB-containing elec tro-technical equipment and wastes for storing 2009 2013 10,0 International do nor’s assistance, finances of enter prises owning the equipment, GEF Preparation of Technical-economical assessment (TEA) on elaboration of optimal methods on utilization of PCB-containing equipment and elimination of PCBs wastes (on the base of BAT / /BEP principles). Establishment of Working Group. Consultations with partners. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Conclusions of Working Group. teA, agreed with interested parties 2009 2010 20,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Building / purchasing of enterprises on utilization of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and elimination of PCB-containing wastes, and also PCB-contaminated environmental objects / components (basing on BAT / BEP principles). Purchasing of devices on PCBs ex traction from equipment with its sub sequent washing and utilization. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Act of State Committee on reception of enter prise 2010 2013 Impos sible to determine till making decision about place / enterprise, where PCB containing equipment will be de structed International do nor’s assistance, GEF, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Identification of new potential PCBs sources (taking samples and conducting analysis in spe cialized laboratory, assessment of results and elaboration of recom mendations). MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Updated list of sources 2009 2010 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget 87 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Activity, strategy and action plans 1 2 3 4 5 6 Identification of new potential PCBs sources (taking samples and con ducting analysis in specialized labo ratory, assessment of results and elaboration of recommendations). MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Updated list of sources 2009 2010 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Elaboration of plan on utilization of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and elimination of PCB containing wastes MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Plan, approved by specially authorized body and direction of enterprises 2009 30,0 International do nor’s assistance, financial means of enterprises, repub lican budget Replacement of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment with alternative one in accordance with development of enterprise MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Plan, approved by specially authorized body and direction of enterprises. The acts on replacement. 2009 2011 The cost will be de termined only after detailed inventory International do nor’s assistance, financial means of enterprises, repub lican budget PCBs transportation to the place of destruction on the territory of RT or abroad MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Acts on PCBs recep tion by organization on destruction 2011 2012 Cost de pends on place of destruction International do nor’s assistance, financial means of enterprises, repub lican budget Utilization of PCB-containing equip ment and elimination of PCB-con taining wastes MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Acts on destruction 2011 2013 200,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Assessment of possible effects on peoples, biota and environment. Es tablishment of Working Group. MA&EP, NC sC, MH Assessment report of Working Group 2009 2012 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Total: 1035,0* * without cost of: a) replacement of PCB-containing electro technical equipment with alternative one; b) transportation of PCBs wastes to the place of destruction; c) Building / purchasing of enterprises on utilization of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and elimination of PCB-containing wastes. 3.3.5. Activity: Production, import, export, use, storage and wastes of DDT (chemical substances, included to Annex В), if they are used in the country. DDT is not produced in Tajikistan, and from Table 3.3.5.1. Import, use, storage and wastes of DDT (chemicals of Annex B), if they are used in the country. 1971 it was forbidden for use in agriculture as an insecticide. The issues concerning stocks and wastes of DDT and their possible use for combat against infectious diseases carriers were discussed in Chapter 2.3.3. By revelation of obsolete DDT stocks, which are kept by farm ers, it is necessary to persuade them to return the forbidden pesticide for its ecologically safe destruction. The significant role in successful conducting of this action should play the local authorities and public community. In Table 3.3.5.1 is presented the activity on adaptation of DDT management in the Repub lic of Tajikistan. Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources Updating of inventory data on im port, use and storage of chemicals and their wastes, listed in Annex B (DDT) MA&EP, MH, Customs Ser vice Updated database in printed and electronic version 2008 2009 20,0 GEF, international donor’s assistance, republican budget Establishment of system on man agement of data on chemicals, listed in Annex B (DDT) MA&EP, MH System on data man agement, approved by special authorized body 2010 15,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Total: 35,0 88 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 3.3.6. Activity: Register of concrete ex emptions and necessary exemptions (Ar ticle 4). In accordance with Article 4 of the Con vention: Any state, which became the Party, may register one or several concrete exemptions, listed in Annexes A and B on the base of writ ten notification of Secretariat. In Tajikistan, there is no the industrial poten tial for production of chemical substances, list ed in Annex A and B of the Stockholm Conven tion. In future, their production and use is also not planned. In this connection, there are no reasons in Tajikistan for registration of special exemptions concerning chemical substances, listed in Annexes A and B, Article 4 of the Con vention. 3.3.7. Action Plan: measures on reduction of emission as a result of unintentional pro duction (Article 5). In accordance with Article 5, the Parties of Convention are obliged: As the minimum, to undertake measures, di rected to reduction of total volume of emissions from anthropogenic sources of every chemical substance, listed in Annex C, for their constant minimization and, where it will be possible, complete elimination. In Tajikistan, there are a lot of non-solved POPs problems; especially it concerns the as sessment of dioxins and furans emission per capita and per m2. It is necessary, as far as possible, to intensify the process of revelation new uPOPs sources in the country and their study. It means that in Tajikistan should be improved the situation on dioxins and furans emission in accordance with international standards. In general, the main task is direct or indirect reduction of POPs emission to the environment; reduction of their availability in foodstuffs, in human organism, and also the public health protection. The conducted initial inventory of uPOPs was very limited. It is supposes that in nearest 3 years, the emission of chemical substances, listed in the Article 5, Annex C of Convention (dioxins and furans) from anthropogenic sourc es cannot be reduced. Conducting of large scale inventory of sources with great uPOPs emission will allow receiving of broader as sessment of their emission to the environment. For receiving of reliable data on dioxins and furans emission, it is necessary to specify the details of uPOPs emission inventory, including detailed description of technological process es used in the enterprises; kind and volume of used raw materials; volume of production; type and effectiveness of treatment facilities ex ploited in these enterprises; kind, quality and quantity of used fuel; volumes of combustion / /destruction of wastes; indicators of emission factors and etc. For conducting of detailed assessment it is necessary to cover such categories of uPOPs sources, which were nor examined during ini tial inventory: enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy (Tajik • Aluminum Company – burning of “green” an odes); enterprises of chemical industry (production of • chlorine and chlorine-containing production); enterprises of hydrocarbon production (com-• bustion of casing-head gas); coal production (spoil fire);• enterprises of machine-building sector (smelt-• ing furnaces); enterprises of woodworking sector (combus-• tion of waste wood); enterprises of food industry (smokehouses, in-• stallations for dried fruits production); medical facilities and veterinary services (com-• bustion of medical wastes and died animals); motor-transport enterprises (utilization of vari-• ous waste oils, tyres); dumps of SMW and burial places for industrial • wastes (low-distillation combustion without system of control); small domestic ovens.• Elaboration of strategies on reduction of uP OPs emissions (on the base of BAT / BEP) in cludes following: creation of effective legislative and normative-• methodical base in sphere of management uPOPs emissions to the environment; review of economical aspects concerning com-• bustion of coal, bio-mass (in particular: guza poya) in households. Assessment of dioxins and furans emissions showed that emissions from domestic ovens, in which these fuels are combusted, is 43,7% from total volume of di oxins and furans emission; continuation of works on identification and • monitoring of possible POPs emission sourc es, including fires in SMW dumps, combustion processes during industrial operations, de struction of medical wastes and etc.; use of available information on inventory of • emissions from such sources as small incin erators for medical wastes; profound description of republican regions • with high level of POPs contamination of en Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 89 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 vironment, including preparation of combined information about emission to the environ ment; it is necessary for elaboration of policy on reduction of emission from small sources, because the total volume of emissions from such sources is rather high. During initial inventory, the assessment of soils and waters contamination with dioxins and furans was cont conducted. In spite of the fact that such activities are not included to the Stockholm Convention, these data are very important for planning of corresponding works. That is why; by conducting of complete inven tory of dioxins and furans emissions to the en vironment it is necessary to specify the infor mation on emissions of theses substances to the water and their residuals in foodstuffs and wastes. For implementation of the Stockholm Con vention provisions on dioxins and furans monitoring, it is necessary to conduct periodi cal analyses of emissions from industrial en terprises and other sources of these POPs. However, nowadays there is no in republic any laboratory on dioxins and furans revelation. Ta jikistan has not sufficient financial capabilities for purchasing of such laboratory, the cost of which is about USD 1 million. In this connec tion, it is reasonable to establish the regional dioxin laboratory for servicing of several coun tries in our region (Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Tajikistan). Introduction of BAT and BEP in existing en terprises – sources of dioxins and furans is possible only by means of conducting modern ization, based on analysis of used technologi cal processes, types of raw materials, cleaning technologies for waste gases, and also im provement of workers’ knowledge in sphere of BAT and BEP for these substances manage ment. By consideration of suggestions con cerning building of new facilities / enterprises (for example: building of aluminum and cement factories in Hatlon region) or significant modi fication of existing facilities / enterprises, the greatest attention should be paid to alternative processes, methods or practice in environmen tal sphere, assuring the prevention of dioxins and furans formation. By solution of these is sues it is necessary to scrutinize the advanced experience of foreign countries and to find the modern technologies. It is necessary to render support to the pro cesses of training and improvement of profes sional level in accordance with strategies on Stockholm Convention implementation; every five years the strategies should be reviewed and their effectiveness should be evaluated. Table 3.3.7.1. Action Plan on reduction of emissions from unintentional production of dioxins and furans (Article 5). Activity, strategy and action plans Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elaboration of normative-legis lative acts in sphere of uPOPs management (dioxins and furans) in accordance with requirements of Stockholm Convention MA&EP, NC SC, MJ Documentation, ap proved by special authorized body 2009 40,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Creation of national monitoring system on dioxins and furans emissions MA&EP, NC sC national monitoring system on dioxins and furans emis sions, approved by Government of RT 2009 2011 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Establishment of republican dioxin laboratory. Accreditation of this laboratory accordingly to appropri ate procedures. MA&EP, NC sC Certificate on ac creditation 2010 2013 2000.0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Conducting of full assessment of uPOPs (dioxins and furans). Rev elation of new sources of dioxins and furans emission, their identi fication. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, Municipal service “Ho jagii manzili komunali” Taking samples; analysis (laboratory control); updated register of uPOPs emission 2009 2011 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republic budget 90 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 Receiving of more complete in formation concerning dioxin and furans emission in metallurgical sector, especially by production of initial aluminum and burnt anodes (burning of “green” anodes) in Ta jik Aluminum Factory. Creation of Working Group. MA&EP, NC SC ME&I, Academy of Sciences, Ta jik Aluminum Company Elaboration of research program – taking sam ples (laboratory control). Report on levels of diox ins and furans formation by production of initial aluminum and burnt an odes. 2009 2014 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, Tajik Aluminum Company, repub lic budget Elaboration of annual register on dioxins and furans emissions nC sC Annually updated diox ins and furans register yearly 30,0 International do nor’s assistance, republic budget Elaboration of recommendations on implementation of BAT / BEP in reconstructed and new enter prises for reduction of dioxins and furans emissions. Creation of Working Group. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Report of Working Group with recommenda-tions on BAT / BEP implemen ta-tion in reconstructed and new enterprises. 2014 2018 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Elaboration of specific laws, me thodical recommendations and normative documents on ecologi cally safe / appropriate manage ment of medical wastes MA&EP, MH, nC sC Insertion of Convention’s provisions concerning waste management, in cluding medical wastes, to the national legislation 2008 2010 30,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Training of corresponding person nel of medical facilities (hospitals, inpatient clinics and etc.) and personnel responsible for medical wastes destruction in Dushanbe city, as the part of system on medical wastes management. Elaboration of training program. Training programs for medical personnel, ap proved by special autho rized body. Conducting of training seminars for medical personnel. 2008 2010 100,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Elaboration and inculcation of system on selective collection of medical wastes. MH, MA&EP, nC sC System on medical wastes management, approved by special authorized body. Imple mentation of approved system in Dushanbe city. 2010 2011 300,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Implementation on BAT / BEP to the process of medical wastes de struction for reduction of dioxins/ furans and other micro-pollutants emission. Establishment of enter prise for their destruction on base of BAT/BEP. Creation of Working Group. MH, MA&EP, nC sC Report of Working Group. Building of en terprise or installation of plant for destruction of medical wastes on base of BAT/BEP for reduction of dioxins and furans emissions. Act on putting into operation the enterprise / plant in Dushanbe city. 2010 2012 450,0 Contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments), GEF, international do nor’s assistance Elaboration of measures on reduction of dioxins and furans emissions from small sources, including motor-vehicles, which influence significantly on total volume of emission. Creation of Working Group. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, MT&C, Mu nicipal ser vice “Hojagii manzili komu nali” List of measures, agreed with interested ministries and agencies. 2010 2012 30,0 International do nor’s assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Supporting of education and training basing on the public awareness raising strategy, as the part of commitments on Stockholm Convention; review of strategy every five years for assessment of success in activity. MA&EP, NC SC NGOs Educational programs. Activity reports. 2008 2025 30,0 International donor’s assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local investments) Total: 3510,0 Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 91 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 3.3.8. Strategy: measures on reduction of emission from storages and wastes (Article 6). In accordance with Article 6, Paragraph (e), the Parties of Convention should: make efforts for elaboration of appropri ate strategies on revelation of territories, contaminated with chemical substances, listed in Annex A, B and C; in case of these territories rehabilitation, the works should be conducted by ecologically safe methods. For reduction of POPs emissions from their storages and wastes, it is necessary to create the fundament for solution of problem, con nected with POPs contamination in former years: database on “hot spots”, old stocks, wastes and contaminated territories. Nowa days, there are no the appropriate methods of investigation and determination of real num bers of POPs wastes. Besides elaboration of project on inventory of stocks, used substanc es and wastes, it is necessary to determine the process of their elimination. For further examination of territories to as sess the risk and elaborate the suggestions on their rehabilitation (including insertion of new information to existing database), it is necessary to make the mapping of territories on level of POPs contamination, including sources of contamination (storage facilities, pesticides burial places and etc.). The long storing of materials, containing any kind of POPs, is inadmissible even in dumps. They are the sources of ecological problems; it is necessary to undertake timely measures on prevention of possible contamination of en vironment. The storing of wastes in the open air should be stopped for prevention of POPs contamination of food-chain. It is necessary to conduct inventory of sew age sediments in water purification enterpris es for determination of POPs concentration; to elaborate the quality standards; to determine the technological priorities and parameters of decontamination; to conduct assessment of existing financial resources and need in them for implementation of systematic separation of industrial effluents from municipal sewages, this process is essential for prevention of pos sible POPs contamination of water, delivering to water purification enterprises. Also, it is necessary to conduct investiga tions and elaborate new technologies on liq uidation of POPs wastes and POPs contami nated materials. For solution of problems, connected with POPs stocks and wastes, it is essential to find the appropriate financial resources. Activity, strategy and action plans Table 3.3.8.1. Action Plan on determination of stocks, used substances and wastes for assessment and management of emissions from stocks and wastes, containing pesticides, DDT, PCBs and unintentionally produced POPs (Chemicals of Annex A, B and C) Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 Completion of work on creation of database on “hot spots”, ob solete stocks, wastes and con taminated territories MA&EP, NC sC Database in printed and electronic ver sion 2009 2013 15,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Elaboration of program on ex amination of places, including risk assessment. Elaboration of recommendations on rehabilita tive measures. MA&EP, NC sC, MH Programmer, ap proved by special authorized body 2009 2011 150,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Mapping of territories on levels of POPs contamination, includ ing sources of POPs contami nation (storage facilities, burial places and etc.). MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Maps of land con tamination 2009 2012 175,0 GEF, international donor’s assis tance, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) 92 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 3.3.9. Activity: management of storages and appropriate measures on treatment and removal of used materials. Revelation of appropriate storage facilities for temporary storing of stocks. Updating of existing information on safe management of stocks, including preparation of manuals on safe handling and destruction of stocks; and transportation of used substances to reliable storage facilities. Elaboration of schemes and establishment of centers on collection of used substances. Table 3.3.9.1. Action Plan on stocks management and undertaking measures on handling and destruction of used materials. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elaboration of methodical manuals: on elimination of POPs stocks and wastes; on rehabilita tion of contaminated land plots and monitoring of their condition. MA&EP, NC sC, MH Manuals, approved by special autho rized body 2010 2013 30,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Elaboration of program on solu tion of problem, connected with contaminated territories, with tak ing into consideration the avail ability of appropriate financing MA&EP, NC SC, MH, MF Program, approved by special autho rized body. Deter mination of financial sources 2011 2014 30,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Prohibition of keeping materials containing any POPs in dumps MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, MH, MJ Normative – legis lative documents, approved by special authorized body 2009 15,0 Republican bud get, international donor’s assis tance Support of conducting investi gations and elaboration of new technologies, basing on prin ciples of complete liquidation of POPs wastes. Determination of optimal method on removal (re cycling – combustion – storing) of wastes. Creation of Working Groups MA&EP, NC sC, Academy of Sciences, ME&I Reports of Working Groups, approved by special autho rized body 2009 2011 90,0 International do nor’s assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Total: 505,0 Measures Responsible executors Indicators of implemen tation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources Identification of storage fa cilities, intended for tempo rary keeping of stocks MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, MH List of storage facilities 2008 15,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Updating of existing norma tive-methodical base and information for assuring of safe stocks management MA&EP, NC sC List of normative legislative documents, regulating the stocks handling, approved by special authorized body 2009 75,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Elaboration of manual on safe handling (transporta tion and safe storing) and destruction of stocks MA&EP, NC sC Manual, approved by special authorized body 2010 15,0 International do nor’s assistance Republican budget Elaboration of schemes and centers on collection of used substances MA&EP, NC sC, MH Approved scheme of collection used sub stances; Establishment of center on collection of used substances 2010 15,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget, MH Total: 120,0 93 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Activity, strategy and action plans 3.3.10. Strategy: revelation of contami nated territories (with chemical substanc es, included to Annex А, В and С) and their ecologically safe management. In accordance with Article 6, Paragraph (e), the Parties of Convention should: Make efforts for elaboration of appropriate strategies on revelation of territories, which are contaminated with chemicals listed in Annexes A, B and C; during conducting of rehabilitative works should be used the ecologically safe methods. Strategic NIP purposes in sphere of identifi cation and management of territories: the base for identification and management • of contaminated territories is conducting of thorough inventory in this spheres with subsequent analysis of ecological risks and assessment of needs for rehabilitation. It is necessary to make the economical assess ment of such activities implementation; the thorough inventory of contaminated ter-• ritories is also essential for prevention of fur ther contamination due to leakage, evapo rations or contamination of environmental components as a result of natural disasters, such as floods, torrents, landslides, earth quakes and etc., and for such situations should be elaborated special preventive measures; elaboration of assessment methodologies on • contaminated territories with taking into con sideration their current or potential effects on human health and environment; it will allow creating the rational and scientifically founded method on conducting of compara tive assessment of such territories all over Tajikistan. For assessment of contamination extent should be elaborated and approved the standards of contaminants’ availability in environmental components (maximum per missible concentration of contaminants in soil, water and air); elaboration and approval of rehabilitative • measures for identified contaminated terri tories; elaboration of manual on contaminated ter-• ritories management, which should contain the strategy on contaminated territories management, including their identification and assessment, and also preparation and introduction of measures on their rehabilita tion, and in particular: determination of ways on reclamation of contaminated territories (elaboration of technologies on reclamation of POPs-con taminated lands): raising of upper soil’s layer and its pack aging in hermetic containers for further transportation to the place of de struction of cleaning; biological reclamation of contaminated lands. Determination of methods on contaminated soils destruction: organization of destruction in existing in dustrial enterprises in Tajikistan (Dushan be Cement Plant); establishment of new enterprise for de struction of contaminated soils with taking into consideration its economical reason ability; export and destruction of contaminated soils to other countries (Russia, Germany, France, Switzerland and etc). elaboration of normative-legislative docu-• ments on contaminated territories manage ment; training and improvement of professional • level of personnel, working in sphere of con taminated territories rehabilitation; elaboration of Republican Program on in-• ventory of contaminate territories with high risk for human health and environment. De termination of financial sources; determination of agency, responsible for • regulation and management of contaminat ed territories. 3.3.11. Activity: revelation of contaminat ed territories (with chemical substances, included to Annex А, В and С) and their ecologically safe rehabilitation. In framework of contaminated territories management it is necessary to conduct inven tory of contaminated territories and assess ment of ecological risk, and also the assess ment of contamination extent and demand in finances for implementation of corresponding works. For reduction of potential risk of spread ing contaminants from contaminated areas, it is essential to use the methods with taking into consideration the local situation. Also, the appropriate measures should be undertaken for prevention of appearance new ecological problems by means of sanitary norms observation, improvement of legislation in sphere of POPs-containing wastes treat ment (introduction of limits for their storing and combustion). 94 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Table 3.3.11.1. Action Plan on identification of contaminated territories (chemicals of Annexes A, B and C) and their rehabilitation by ecologically safe methods Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential finan cial sources Elaboration of normative-me thodical documents on revela tion of contaminated territories and their management MA&EP, NC SC, MJ List of normative methodical docu ments, approved by special authorized body 2008-2010 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Elaboration of Republican Pro gram on inventory of contami nated territories with high risk for public health and environ ment. Determination of financial sources MA&EP, NC SC, MH, MJ Program, approved by the Government of RT. The financial source is deter mined. 2009-2010 20,0 International do nor’s assistance, republic budget Conducting of detailed inven tory of contaminated territories. Revelation of territories con taminated with POPs (pesti cides and PCBs). MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I List of contaminated territories. Level of contamination, avail ability of POPs in soils and sediments. 2011– 2013 200,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Analysis of ecological risks and assessment of necessity in cleaning of contaminated ter ritories / destruction of contami nated soils MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I List of contaminated territories, which should be cleaned urgently 2012 2014 40,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Selection of methods on reha bilitation of contaminated soils. Creation of Working Groups. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I Recommendations of Working Group 2010-2011 15,0 Republican bud get Training of high qualified per sonnel, for rehabilitation of con taminated territories MA&EP, NC sC Establishment of training center. Elab oration of training program and con ducting of training. 2012 2013 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Rehabilitation of contaminated territories accordingly to exist ing standards MA&EP, NC sC Acts on acceptance of works on reha bilitation of contami nated territories 2013-2020 It will be determined after elabo ration of plans on re habilitation International do nor’s assistance, GEF, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Selection of methods on de struction of contaminated soils. Creation of Working Groups. MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, MH Recommendations of Working Group 2009-2010 15,0 Republican bud get Destruction of contaminated soils MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, MH Acts of acceptance of implemented works 2013-2020 It will be determined after elabo ration of plans on de struction International do nor’s assistance, GEF, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Prevention of new contamina tion of territories MA&EP, NC SC, ME&I, MH System of control on sanitary norms ob servation in sphere of POP-containing wastes treatment, approved by special authorized body Constantly from the moment of control introduc tion It will be determined after elabo ration of con trol system International do nor’s assistance, contribution of republic (budget and local invest ments) Total: 490,0* * without taking into account the following: a) rehabilitation of contaminated territories accordingly to existing standards; b) destruction of contaminated soils; c) prevention of new contamination of envi ronment. 3.3.12. Activity: Facilitation and establish ment of information exchange and involve ment of interested parties. For obtaining and use of reliable and rather full information by administrative agencies, it is necessary to elaborate the special system on 95 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 collection, storage, processing, treatment, anal ysis, and also the system on operative submis sion of results for decision-makers in convenient for them form. It is necessary to organize the information industry with capable infrastructure accordingly to above0mentioned requirements. For effective chemicals’ management, it is necessary to organize the information ex change process. The effective information exchange on POPs in Tajikistan will allow pro viding of all partners, involved to the process on chemicals’ management and assuring of chemical safety on the national level, with ap propriate data. The necessary step for implementation of above-mentioned tasks is establishment of information centers for providing all interested parties in all regions of the country with infor mation and for information exchange in region al and sub-regional level. For this purpose is planned following: establishment of National Agency on infor-• mation exchange within National Center on Stockholm Convention (NC SC), which will be responsible for implementation of follow ing functions: 1. elaboration and implementation of strate gies on establishment collaboration in sphere of information exchange, its collection and dis semination; 2. subscription for internet-sites, containing information on national inventories and etc.; 3. supporting of existing informational mech anisms of NC SC and their introduction to other structures; 4. establishment of public relation for in volvement of interested parties to the process of discussion problems concerning chemicals’ management. appointment of National Coordinator on in-• formation exchange; determination of information, which may be • exchanged; providing representatives of governmental • structures, scientists, business and NGOs with corresponding information, such as data analysis, informational technologies and etc., by means of internet, publications, electronic magazines and etc.; purchasing and installation of equipment: • computers, communicative technical means and etc. for organization of operative infor mation exchange, including assurance of ac cess to informational resources for scientists, public and other organizations; training of personnel in sphere of appropriate • collection and dissemination of information, including involvement of public community; strengthening of national capacity on collec-• tion and use of multi-sectoral information; elaboration of training materials and pro-• grams; conducting of training.• Determination of partners’ commitments: determination of appropriate partners and or-• ganizations; establishment collaboration with partners;• information exchange with partners;• involvement of partners to the work on pro-• gram implementation. Introduction of information exchange mecha nism with other Parties of Convention will be possible by means of creation effective inter national net on information exchange. The main task of development in sphere of informa tion management is establishment of program technical complexes for keeping, processing and use of initial data, including automatic con trol of their quality, and also strengthening of informational-analytical centers’ capacity. Activity, strategy and action plans Table 3.3.12.1. Facilitation of process on information exchange and involvement of interested parties Measures Responsible executors Indicators of implementation Terms of im plementation Total cost, USD thousand Establishment of National Agency on information exchange within NC SC MA&EP, NC SC, NGOs 2008-2009 55,0 International donors’ assis tance, republican budget Training of personnel for obtaining new knowledge and skills MA&EP, NC SC 2008-2010 15,0 International donors’ assis tance, republican budget Strengthening of national capacity in sphere of collection and use of infor mation from various sectors MA&EP, NC SC, NGOs 2008-2010 20,0 International donors’ assis tance, republican budget Determination of partners’ commit ments MA&EP, NC SC 2008 - Support of health care issues consid eration MA&EP, NC SC, MH, NGOs 2008- 2010 10,0 International donors’ assis tance, republican budget Total: 100,0 96 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 3.3.13. Activity: Public awareness raising, information and education (Article 10). In accordance with Article 10 of the Convention: Every Party, in the limits of its capabilities, should assure the access to information about persistent organic pollutants; support the awareness raising of its directive and administrative bodies in sphere of persistent organic pollutants issues. The success of Stockholm Convention on POPs implementation in Tajikistan may be reached only if the public community will know about POPs problem and its effects on human health and environment. It is necessary to improve the process on constant public awareness raising by means of dissemination detailed information on POPs and training conducting. For this purpose the following should be done: Preparation and introduction of program on public awareness raising on POPs issues: elaboration and publication of POPs-• elucidative materials: brochures, placards, bulletins and etc.; organization of TV and Radio programs;• preparation of articles and books for • strengthening of process in whole; organization of practical seminars for • vulnerable public groups. Elaboration of policy and making decisions on awareness raising for officials, who are responsible for solution of POPs issues: selection of officials, responsible for political • solutions and elaboration of policy; Implementation of programs in sphere of public awareness raising: providing mass media with appropriate • information; determination of reserve persons for • realization of process on public awareness raising, including ministries, local administrative bodies and NGOs; training of reserve persons;• establishment of collaboration with • educational institutions, connected with solution of POPs issues. Support of elucidative activities in sphere of POPs effects on human health and environment: presentation of information concerning • advantages of POPs alternatives use; organization of TV and Radio broadcasts;• elaboration of mini-grant program for public • organization for public awareness raising in sphere of POPs problems. Selection of POPs information: establishment of information center;• elaboration of mechanisms for collection • of information about POPs, included to Annexes A, B and C. Support of process on dissemination of information: updating of web-site and issue of bulletins;• support of process on preparation and • dissemination of POPs information for ministries, agencies and other interested agencies. Training of workers, teachers, technical and administrative personnel in corresponding institutions: organization of training for trainers;• publication of training materials;• conducting of practical seminars.• Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan Table 3.3.13.1. Action Plan on public awareness raising, dissemination of information and education. Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elaboration of program on pub lic awareness raising MA&EP, NC sC, Academy of Sciences, NGOs, IO 2008-2009 Program, ap proved by special authorized body 15,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Implementation of program on public awareness raising MA&EP, NC sC, Academy of Sciences, NGOs, IO 2009-2010 Plan on public awareness raising 5,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Support of process on public awareness raising in sphere of POPs effects on human health and environment MA&EP, NC sC, MH, Academy of Sciences, NGOs, IO Constantly Special informa tion for mass me dia (printed, elec tronic), seminars, training and etc. 50,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget 97 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 3.3.14. Activity: research activities and monitoring (Article 11). Article 11 of the Stockholm Convention on POPs: Obliges the Parties, in the limits of their capa bilities, to support and/or realize the appropriate scientific researches, monitoring and collabora tion in POPs issues and when it is necessary, their alternatives and potential POPs, both on national and international level. After conducting of initial inventory it was re vealed that infrastructure and institutional po tential for conducting of POPs researches and monitoring in Tajikistan are developed insuffi ciently. In this Chapter, the planned activities in sphere of POPs researches and monitoring in Tajikistan are presented. Capacity building in sphere of institutional structure and research of POPs problem. determination of institution, which have the • potential for conducting of POPs researches; strengthening of national capacity in sphere • of conducting scientific and technical re searches, infrastructure on exchange of in formation and results of analyses; development of mechanism on establish-• ment of collaboration between research in stitutions; elaboration of procedures on providing pub-• lic community with information concerning investigations and development; conducting of researches on determination • of POPs alternatives. Inventory of corresponding laboratories for monitoring of all kinds of activities on POPs. preparation of list on existing laboratories;• elaboration of criteria on assessment of these • laboratories capacity for POPs analyses; conducting of assessment and selection of • laboratories. Modernization of laboratory / laboratories, which are capable to conduct the analyses of chemicals, listed in Annexes A, B and C. Investigations in sphere of health care: monitoring and evaluation of tendencies of • effects POPs (listed in Stockholm Conven tion) and chemical substances, which may be included to POPs list in future, on blood of pregnant women, breast milk and other human tissues; conducting of researches on assessment of • potential POPs effects and risk for human health, with taking into consideration the food and with special attention to develop ment of fetus and infants, whose develop ment depends on breast feeding; conducting of researches, intended for reduc-• tion of POPs effects on reproductive health. Investigations in sphere of environment pro tection. conducting of researches concerning envi-• ronmental processes, which may influence on life cycle and spreading POPs and other chemical substances, which may be includ ed to the POPs list in future; supporting of development new, improved • technologies on revelation of POPs and other chemical substances, which may be included to the POPs list in future, in envi ronmental components. Determination of POPs concentration levels in environmental components: selection of methods on samples taking and • analysis; conducting of samples taking;• conducting of soils, air, water, breast milk • and other biota components analyses for POPs revelation. Improvement of data management process: data collection and monitoring with minimi-• zation of activities duplication; Activity, strategy and action plans 1 2 3 4 5 6 Collection and processing of POPs information. Creation of Working Group on collection of information. MA&EP, NC sC, Academy of Sciences, MH, NGOs Constantly Generalized informa tion for public com munity and interested organization 30,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Establishment of process on dissemination of information MA&EP, NC SC, NGOs 2008-2009 Seminars, “Round Tables”, information in printed electronic mass media 80,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Training for teachers, technical and administrative personnel in corresponding agencies MA&EP, NC sC Accord ingly to approved schedule Schedule of training conducting. Reports about conducted training. 50,0 GEF, republican budget Total: 230,0 98 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 improvement of procedure on management • of analyses’ results; elaboration of manuals on processing of mon-• itoring results and preparation of monitoring report accordingly to international standards. Creation of mechanism on assuring of moni toring quality: establishment of effective system on control • and quality assurance; establishment of committee on data assess-• ment before their official acceptance. Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan Table 3.3.17.1. Researches and monitoring (Article 11). 3.3.15. Activity: Assessment of efficiency (Article 16). In Article 16 of the Stockholm Convention on POPs is specified the requirement to Par ties concerning elaboration of mechanisms on receiving of comparable monitoring data on chemical substances of Annexes A, B and C. Assessment should be done with taking into consideration the existing scientific, environ mental, technical and economical data, includ ing national reports. Assessment of efficiency of Convention im plementation in Tajikistan: elaboration and assessment of program;• elaboration of control table or forms for con-• ducting of assessment; elaboration of national criteria on conducting • of assessment. Preparation of report on assessment results: mechanism of reporting;• preparation of assessment report.• 3.3.16. Activity: Reporting. 1. In Article 15 of the Stockholm Conven tion on POPs is specified the requirement to the Parties concerning submission of reports to the Conference of Parties on effectiveness of undertaken measures. Moreover, every Par ty should submit to the secretariat the statisti cal data on total volume of production, import/ export of every substance, listed in Annexes A and B with specification of countries, import ing/exporting these substances. The report is Measures Responsible executors Indicators of imple mentation Terms of imple mentation Total cost, USD thou sand Potential financial sources Development of institutional and research capabilities in sphere of POPs management MA&EP 2008-2009 Establishment of NC SC within MA&EP 500,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Creation of mechanism, assur ing quality of monitoring on all POPs categories MA&EP NC sC 2009-2010 National POPs monitoring system, approved by special authorized body 100,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Identification of appropriate laboratories for conducting of monitoring on all kinds of ac tivities, connected with POPs. Creation of Working Group. MA&EP Academy of Sciences, MH 2009-2010 Conclusions of Working Group 20,0 International do nor’s assistance, republican budget Modernization of laboratories for conducting of analyses of chemical substances, listed in Annexes A, B and C MA&EP NC sC Academy of Sciences, ME&I 2010-2013 Receiving of cer tificate on laboratory accreditation from Agency on standard iza-tion, Metrology, Certification and Trade Inspection 1000,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, contribu tion of republic (budget and local investments) Determination of POPs con centration levels in environ mental components and bio substrates MA&EP NC sC MH Constantly Program on re searches conduct ing. Schedule of samples taking. Offi cially recorded data. 500,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Establishment of appropriate data management MA&EP NC sC every three year Manual on data management (results and reporting). Na tional registers 250,0 International do nor’s assistance, GEF, republican budget Total: 2370,0 99 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 the significant contribution to assessment of Convention realization effectiveness (Article 16); the report should be prepared not later than four years from the moment of Conven tion coming into force. 2. Report about measures, undertaken in framework of implementation of Stockholm Convention on POPs: list of measure, elaborated for implementa-• tion of Convention’s provisions; elaboration of reporting format in accor-• dance with Convention format; identification of software for submission of • statistical report data and results of Stock holm Convention implementation. 3. Report on measures on reduction or stop ping of emissions of intentional production and use of chemicals, listed in Annex A and B of the Convention. Submission of reports on following issues: legislative/administrative measures on stop-• ping production and/or use of chemicals listed in Annex A of Convention with specifi cation of corresponding dates; legislative/administrative measures on re-• duction of import/export of chemicals listed in Annex A of Convention; measures on reduction of import/export of • chemicals listed in Annex B of Convention. 4. Report on measures on reduction or stop ping of emissions of unintentional production. Submission of reports on following issues: Action Plan on identification and classifica-• tion of emission of chemicals, listed in An nex C; implementation of Action Plan;• difficulties and successes of implementa-• tion; assessment of measures on prevention of • current emissions of chemicals from anthro pogenic sources, listed in Annex C of Con vention: elaboration of assessment format category of source; annual emissions (in gram of TE) to the air, water, soil and their availability in food stuff; collection of data on current emissions; collection of data on prevention of emis- sions; data analysis and preparation of report; review of strategies and success of their implementation in accordance with com mitments of Article 5 of the Convention. 5. Report on measures on reduction emis sions from stocks and wastes. Elaboration of process on data collection and conducting of inventory on following: stocks of chemicals, listed in Annexes A and • B of Convention with taking into consider ation the type of chemicals, their volume, location and condition; production and substances, listed in Annex-• es A, B and C of Convention, which are used in current time or are available in wastes; conducting of training on use of inventory • forms; data collection;• data analysis and preparation of reports;• report on legislative and/or administrative • measures on waste management. 6. Report on progress in sphere of reduction PCBs use. 7. Report on information exchange. 8. Report on public awareness raising and education. 9. Report on researches, development and monitoring. Report should include following: measures on support of researches, devel-• opment and monitoring of POPs, including sources of emission to the environment; current situation and tendencies of POPs • availability in human organism and environ mental components in accordance with Ar ticle 11; elaboration of format for submission of re-• sults/reports; timely involvement of partners to the process • of investigations and preparation of reports for National Coordinator in framework of elaborated format; preparation of reports for information cen-• ters, such as International Program on Safe Management of Chemical Substances; measures on dissemination of information in • sphere of investigations, development and monitoring. 3.3.17. Activity: Technical and financial assistance (Articles 12 and 13). For implementation of individual NIP activitiesб the significant financial and techni cal means will be necessary. Taking into ac count the sharp deficit of the republican bud get, one of the most important conditions for successful NIP realization, together with guar anty of financial providing, is activation of work on attraction of investments, determination of national and international donors. Thus, the most important conditions of suc cessful NIP realization is adequate technical and investment support. Activity, strategy and action plans 100 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Government of Tajikistan needs in rendering of technical and financial support in following spheres: improvement of national legislative structure • on solution of POPs issues, oriented on in ternational legislation; elaboration of financial mechanisms for real-• ization of planned measures; rendering support to NC SC in sphere of NIP • realization, conducting of assessment and preparation of reports on NIP, establishment of coordination with other international proj ects and projects with bilateral financing; establishment of national information sys-• tem (extended database with reliable and constantly updated information on POPs); strengthening of NC SC capacity in sphere • of processing and submitting of data; elaboration of program on POPs monitor-• ing in sphere of environment protection and health care; strengthening of capacity on reporting and • analysis; rendering support in sphere of PCBs iden-• tification in electro-technical equipment and conducting measures on PCBs elimination; rendering support in sphere of identification, • management and purification of POPs con taminated territories (storage facilities, burial places and air-fields); rendering support in revelation and assess-• ment of new sources of uPOPs emissions; conducting of training for workers of indus-• trial enterprises and farms; study of potential for implementation of • planned in NIP measures; elaboration and introduction of programs • on public awareness raising, basing on the principles “public community has the right to know and participate”. For realization of planned measures on pu rification of contaminated territories, the Gov ernment of Tajikistan needs in international fi nancial support on following aspects: providing with materials for re-packaging of • obsolete pesticides; destruction of obsolete pesticides;• utilization of electro-technical equipment • and destruction of transformer oils contain ing PCBs and PCB-containing wastes; purification of POPs-contaminated territo-• ries / soils. The Republic of Tajikistan relates to the states with economy in transition and, accordingly to Articles 12 and 13 of the Convention, it has the right on receiving technical and financial sup port. Implementation of commitments on Stock holm Convention on POPs in Tajikistan de pends on receiving of appropriate assistance. For receiving of necessary financial and techni cal assistance for achievement of goals, con nected with solution of global POPs problems, the following procedures should be fulfilled: assessment of technical needs;• assessment of financial needs;• determination of financial sources;• preparation of written application for receiv-• ing of financial support. GEF is the Financial Agency of the Stock holm Convention. Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan Table 3.3.18.1. Technical and financial assistance (Articles 12 and 13). Measures Respon-sible executors Terms of implement tation Total cost, USD thousand Indicators of implementation Search of sources for rendering of technical assistance for successful im plementation of Stockholm Convention Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, MA&EP, NC SC 2008-2009 15,0 List of international and republican do nors Search of sources for rendering of financial assistance for successful im plementation of Stockholm Convention Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, MA&EP, NC SC 2008-2009 15,0 List of international and republican do nors Total: 30,0 3.4. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRIORI TIES IN SPHERE OF DEvELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING OF CAPACITY. In the Chapter 3.4 are specified the prior ity aspects for achievement of NIP goals on strengthening of existing potential. The priori ties are based on commitments and national needs on the Convention realization. The priority work is intended on identification of issues, where, in the first place, the capacity should be strengthened for complete realiza tion of National Plan in accordance with re quirements of Stockholm Convention. In this Chapter are presented 11 priority is sues concerning NIP realization: 1. improvement of legislative and normative 101 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 base on POPs regulation in accordance with requirements of Stockholm Convention, nation al and international agreements, conventions; and also elaboration of legislation with taking into consideration the reduction of POPs; 2. strengthening of national capacity on POPs management – establishment of Na tional Center on implementation of Stockholm Convention on POPs; 3. establishment of laboratory base accord ingly to international standards. The purpose is to strengthen the existing laboratories of MA&EP and Academy of Sciences or estab lishment of new analytical laboratories; 4. detailed inventory of all POPs categories and establishment of monitoring system and state statistics reporting on POPs (pesticides, PCBs, dioxins and furans) and POPs-like sub stances; 5. reduction of risk for public health and envi ronment from POPs-related pesticides; 6. conducting of measures on eradication of malaria pest-holes by means of POPs-free preparations; 7. safe removal and elimination PCBs and PCB-containing electro-technical equipment. 8. reduction of unintentionally produced POPs emission by means of BAT/BEP intro duction; 9. study of uPOPs effects on human health and environment; 10. strengthening of informing process, awareness raising of decision-makers, repre sentatives of ministries, agencies and popula tion on all aspects of priority POPs activity; 11. financial and technical resources. The priority directions were determined on the base of national results of initial POPs in ventory, conducted during Phase II Project. The main documents are presented in materi als on initial inventory. It is necessary to observe the principles on environment and human health protection in all stages of POPs management, including study of used chemicals’ effects, study of their nega tive consequences, and introduction of pay ment for contamination. 3.5. SCHEDULE OF NIP IMPLEMENTA TION AND MEASURES FOR SUCCESS ACHIEvEMENT. In this Chapter are presented the summa rized main purposes, specified in strategy, and also the concrete tasks, terms and indicators of NIP realization. Liquidation of POPs wastes and reduction of their effects on human health and environment is the key purpose of NIP. For achievement of assigned goals, the fol lowing tasks should be solved stage-by stage: First stage of NIP realization (2008-2013): elaboration of legislative and normative base • in sphere of POPs management; conducting of measures on eradication of • malaria pestholes by means of POPs-free preparations; detailed inventory of POPs wastes (obsolete • and forbidden pesticides, including POPs and PCB - containing ones) and complete assessment of uPOPs (dioxins and furans); capacity building in sphere of appropriate • management of medical wastes; decommissioning of PCB-containing elec-• tro-technical equipment and its replacement with the alternative ones; elimination of PCBs and PCB-containing • electro-technical equipment; establishment of POPs monitoring system in • framework of National Environmental Moni toring System; preparation of technical-economical assess-• ment for determination of optimal method on removal/elimination of POPs wastes and pesticides and soils mixtures; elaboration of technical-economical assess-• ment for conducting of works on appropriate remediation or liquidation of Kanibadamski and Vahshski pesticides burial places; public awareness raising on POPs situation • in the Republic of Tajikistan. Second stage of NIP realization (2014 2018): implementation of POPs monitoring sys-• tem; elimination of pesticides wastes, excepting • those, which are buried in Kanibadamski and Vahshski pesticides burial places; revelation of POPs contaminated territories;• elaboration and realization of pilot project on • rehabilitation of POPs contaminated territo ries; elaboration of recommendations on intro-• duction of BAT/BEP in reconstructed and new enterprises of Tajikistan for reduction of uPOPs (dioxins and furans) emissions; public awareness raising on POPs situation • in the Republic of Tajikistan; Third stage of NIP realization (2018-2028): realization of measures on appropriate re-• mediation or liquidation of Kanibadamski and Vahshski pesticides burial places; Recommendations and priorities in sphere of development and strengthening of capacity 102 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 implementation of effective POPs monitoring;• действующий эффективный мониторинг • СОЗ; implementation of BAT/BEP in reconstructed • and new enterprises of Tajikistan for reduction of uPOPs (dioxins and furans) emissions. 3.6. RESOURCES REqUIREMENTS. In Chapter 3.6 are presented the detailed supposed costs on implementation of NIP measures. Table 3.6.1. Cost of NIP measures implementation. № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands А Legislative, regulatory and institutional activities. 875,0 В Obsolete and forbidden pesticides: liquidation of stocks and wastes of POPs-related pesti cides (Annex A, Part I), including destruction of pesticides and their mixtures with soil and other substances. 7135,0 5500,0 С PCB-containing electro-technical equipment; identification, labeling, transportation, storage and destruction of PCBs and PCB-containing equipment (chemicals, listed in Annexes A, Part II), including destruction of PCB. 1035,0 200,0 D Reduction of emissions from unintentional production of dioxins and furans (Article 5). 3510,0 F Determination of used substances stocks and wastes for assessment and management of emissions from stocks and wastes, containing DDT, PCBs and uPOPs (Chemicals of An nexes A, B and C). 505,0 G Management of stocks and undertaking of appropriate measures on handling and elimina-tion of used hazardous materials. 120,0 H Identification of contaminated territories (chemicals on Annexes A, B and C) and their reha-bilitation by safe environmental measures. 490,0 I Rehabilitation / liquidation of pesticides burial places. 5000,0 J Researches, development and monitoring. 2370,0 K Elaboration of policy on public awareness raising on POPs issues. 230,0 L Facilitation and establishment of information exchange and involvement of interested parties. 100,0 M Technical and financial assistance (Articles 12 and 13). 30,0 Total:Including POPs elimination: 21400,0* 5700,0 Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan * without cost of: a) transportation of pesticides to the place of destruction; b) purification, rehabilitation, liquidation of storage facilities, soils contaminated with pesti cides, including territories of burial places; c) building/purchasing of enterprises on de struction of pesticides, utilization of PCB-con taining electro-technical equipment and destruc tion PCBs wastes on the base of BAT/BEP; d) transportation of PCB-containing electro technical equipment to the place of destruc tion; e) rehabilitation of contaminated territories in accordance with existing standards; f) elimination of contaminated soils; g) prevention of new contamination of envi ronment. № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Elaboration and acceptance of Law on POPs. 20,0 2 Adaptation of legislation in accordance with provisions of Stockholm Convention on POPs. 100,0 3 Creation of normative-legislative base for effective management of chemicals in accordance with provisions of Stockholm Convention on POPs. 100,0 4 Modification of institutional structure. Establishment of National Center on implementation of Stockholm Convention on POPs. Arrangement of coordination in sphere of implementation of international commitments of RT. Supporting of Stockholm Convention implementation. 400,0 5 Development of regulatory mechanisms. Introduction of legislation on POPs to the practice and administrative structures. 255,0 Total: 875,0 А. Capacity builoling on realiration of Stockholm Convention on POPs legislative, institutional and regulatory activities 103 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Training of Working Groups on procedure of pesticides inventory. 30,0 2 Inventory (examination of remained 54 % of storage facilities, which were not covered by initial inventory). 150,0 3 Identification of pesticides’ samples, taken by inventory, processing of information, updating of database. 320,0 4 Building of new or modernization of existing storage facilities for temporary keeping of pesti-cides. 250,0 5 Training of Working Groups on procedure of pesticides re-packaging. 125,0 6 Re-packaging of obsolete and forbidden pesticides and their transportation to the place of temporary storing; assurance of safety during re-packaging and transportation. 450,0 7 Preparation of technical-economical assessment on destruction of obsolete and forbidden pesticides; elaboration of program on their destruction, including place, time and method of destruction. 60,0 8 Destruction of obsolete and forbidden. 500,0 9 Realization of measures on destruction of pesticides and soil mixtures 5000,0 10 Conducting of complex ecological researches in pesticides burial places. 250,0 Total: 7135,0* В. Obsolete and forbidden pesticides Resources requirements * without cost of: a) transportation of pesticides to the place of destruction; b) purification, rehabilitation, liquidation of storage facilities, soils contaminated with pes ticides, including territories of burial places. С. PCB-containing electro-technical equipment * without cost of: a) building/purchasing of enterprises on uti lization of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment; b) transportation of PCB-containing electro technical equipment to the place of destruction; № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Adaptation of legislation; elaboration of normative requirements, regulating turnover, exploi tation, storing and utilization of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and elimination of PCBs wastes. 20,0 2 Elaboration of monitoring system (elaboration of statistics reporting form №1-PCBs). 50,0 3 Detailed inventory of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment. 250,0 4 Installation of special storage facilities for decommissioned PCB-containing electro-technical equipment. 50,0 5 Collection and preparation of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment for transportation to the place of organized storing. 10,0 6 Identification, labeling, updating of database and reporting. 255,0 7 Preparation of technical-economical assessment on utilization PCB-containing electro-tech-nical equipment and destruction of PCBs wastes, basing on BAT/BEP principles. 20,0 8 Plan on utilization of PCB-containing electro-technical equipment and destruction of PCBs wastes. 30,0 9 Utilization of PCB-containing equipment and destruction of PCBs wastes. 200,0 10 Assessment of possible effects on human health and environment. 150,0 Total: 1035,0* № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 2 3 1 Elaboration of normative-legislative documents in sphere of uPOPs management. 40, 0 2 Establishment of National Monitoring System on dioxins and furans emission. 150,0 3 Establishment of republican laboratory on dioxins. 2000,0 4 Conducting of complete assessment of uPOPs (dioxins and furans). Revelation of new sources on dioxins and furans emission, their identification and monitoring. 150,0 D. Reduction of emissions from unintentional production of dioxins and furans. 104 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan F. Determination of used substances and wastes’ stocks for assessment and management of emissions from stocks and wastes, which contain DDT, PCBs and uPOPs G. Management of stocks and undertaking of appropriate measures on handling and elimination of used hazardous materials. H. Identification of contaminated territories (chemicals of Annexes A, B and C) and their rehabilitation by environmentally safe methods 1 2 3 5 Receiving of more detailed information on dioxins and furans emission in metallurgical sec tor, especially by production of initial aluminum and by production of burnt anodes (burning of “green” anodes) in Tajik Aluminum Company. 100,0 6 Elaboration of annual register on dioxins and furans emissions. 30,0 7 Elaboration of recommendations on implementation of BAT/BEP in reconstructed and new enterprises for reduction of dioxins and furans emissions. 100,0 8 Management of medical wastes by means of safe environmental methods. 430,0 9 Elaboration of system on medical wastes collection and establishment of enterprise on their treatment with taking into consideration of BAT/BEP principles. 450,0 10 Elaboration of measures on reduction of dioxins and furans emissions from small sources, which have serious influence on total volume of emission. 30,0 11 Supporting of education and training on the base of strategy on public awareness raising, as a part of commitments on Stockholm Convention realization; conducting of strategy review every 5 years for determination of success in activity. 30,0 Total: 3510,0 № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Completion of works on creation of database on “hot spots”, old stocks, wastes and POPs-contaminated territories. 15,0 2 Elaboration of program on conducting of local researches, including the risk assessment. Elaboration of recommendations on rehabilitation measures. 150,0 3 Creation of database and mapping of territories in accordance with levels of POPs-contami-nation, including sources of contamination (storage facilities, burial places and etc.). 175,0 4 Elaboration of methodical manuals: on elimination of stocks and wastes; on rehabilitation of POPs-contaminated territories and monitoring of their condition. 30,0 5 Elaboration of program on solution of contaminated territories problem with taking into con sideration the issue of sufficient financing. Reduction and prohibition of long-term storing of all POPs-containing materials on the. 45,0 6 Supporting of researches and elaboration of new technologies, basing on the principles of complete liquidation of POPs wastes. Selection of optimal method of wastes removal (recy cling- burning-storing). 90,0 Total: 505,0 № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Updating of existing normative-legislative base and information for assurance of safe chemi-cals’ management. 75,0 2 Identification of storage facilities, intended for temporary keeping of DDT stocks. 15,0 3 Elaboration of manual on safe handling (transportation and safe keeping) and destruction of stocks. 15,0 4 Establishment of centers and schemes on collection of used substances. 15,0 Total: 120,0 № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 2 3 1 Elaboration of normative-legislative documents on revelation and management of contaminated territories. 100,0 2 Elaboration of Republican Program on inventory of contaminated territories with high risk for public health and environment. Determination of financial sources. 20,0 105 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Resources requirements 1 2 3 3 Conducting of detailed inventory of contaminated territories. Revelation of territories, contaminated with POPs (pesticides, PCBs). 200,0 4 Analysis of ecological risks and assessment of necessity in decontamination of these territories / destruction of contaminated soil. 40,0 5 Selection of methods on contaminated territories rehabilitation. 15,0 6 Training of qualified personnel, dealing with rehabilitation of contaminated territories. 100,0 7 Selection of methods for destruction of contaminated soil. 15,0 Total: 490,0* * without cost of: a) rehabilitation of contaminated territories in accordance with existing standards; b) elimination of contaminated soils; c) prevention of new contamination of environment. I. Rehabilitation of pesticides burial places. № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Elaboration of technical-economical assessment on appropriate remediation or liquidation of • Kanibadamski and Vahshski pesticides burial places, including following researches: geological;• meteorological;• hydro-geological;• sanitary-hygienic;• assessment of risk for human health;• effects on environment;• socio-economical aspects. • 150,0 2 Elaboration of project on the base of technical-economical assessment results. 250,0 3 Rehabilitation of pesticides burial places. 4600,0 Total: 5000,0 J. Researches, development and monitoring № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Development of institutional and research capacity in sphere of POPs management. 500,0 2 Creation of mechanism for assuring of monitoring quality. 100,0 3 Identification of appropriate laboratories for realizing of monitoring on all activities, con-nected with POPs. 20,0 4 Modernization of laboratories, which are capable to conduct analyses of chemicals, listed in Annexes A, B and C. 1000,0 5 Determination of POPs availability levels in the environmental components. 500,0 6 Arrangement of appropriate data management. 250,0 Total: 2370,0 K. Elaboration of policy on public awareness raising on POPs issues № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Elaboration of program on public awareness raising with taking into consideration the financial and technical possibilities. 15,0 2 Implementation of programs on education of public community. 5,0 3 Supporting of process on public awareness raising in sphere of POPs effects on human health and environment. 50,0 4 Collection and processing of POPs information. Establishment of group for information collection. 30,0 5 Arrangement of process on information dissemination. 80,0 6 Training of workers, technical and administrative personnel in corresponding institutions. 50,0 Total: 230,0 106 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 L. Facilitation and arrangement of information exchange and involvement of interested parties № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Establishment of National Agency on information exchange within NCSC. 55,0 2 Training of associates on appropriate knowledge and skills. 15,0 3 Strengthening of national capacity on collection and use of information from various sectors. 20,0 4 Determination of partners’ commitments. 5 Supporting of health care issues consideration. 10,0 Total: 100,0 M . The technical and financial help (Clauses 12 and 13) № Category of problems Cost in USD thousands 1 Search of sources on technical assistance for successful implementation of Convention. 15,0 2 Search of sources on financial assistance for successful implementation of Convention. 15,0 Total: 30,0 Elements of strategy and action plan of the national implementation plan 107 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 LIST OF ABBREXIATIONS ADB Asia Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AUsR IHTPM Al-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymeric and Plastic Mass BAt Best Available Technologies BeP Best Environmental Practice BRsReC Bashkir Republican Scientific Research ecological Center CA Central Asia CCD Complex Cleaning Devices CCe Control of Contaminants Emission CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CPR Chinese People’s Republic Cs Customs Service within Government of the Republic of Tajikistan CsC Chemical Safety Center DCC Diseases Control Center DDD Dichlor-diphenyl-dicholoethane DDe Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene DDt Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane DGCD Dust-gas cleaning devices eAeC Euro-Asian Economical Cooperation eeCCA Eastern Europe, Caucasus, Central Asia eRDB European Reconstruction and Development Bank GBAo Gorno-Badahshan Autonomous Oblast (Region) GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Ecological Fund GF Global Fund g/TE Gram of Toxicity Equivalent HGD GRt Head Geological Department within Government of the Republic of Tajikistan HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HCB Hexachlorobenzene HCH Hexachorocyclohexane IDB Islamic Development Bank ICBM Industrial Complex of Building Materials ICEM International Center of Ecological Monitoring IEC International Ecological Council IFASR International Fund on Aral Sea Rescue IMF IMF International Monetary Fund ISA Исламское Го Islamic State of Afghanistan ISCCWI Inter-State Committee on Coordination of Water Issues ISCSD Inter-State Committee on Sustainable Development IPSMCS International Program on Safe Management of Chemical Substances KR Kyrgyz Republic MA&EP Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection Me Ministry of Education MED&T Ministry of Economical Development and trade ME&I Ministry of Energy and Industry Mes Ministry on Extraordinary Situations MJ Ministry of Justice MF Ministry of Finances MT&C Ministry of Transport and Communications MH Ministry of Health MPC Maximum Permissible Concentration nAPeP national Action Plan on environnent Protection nAPeHP national Action Plan on environment and Health Protection nAto North Atlantic Treaty Organization nCC national Coordination Committee nC sC National Center on of Stockholm Convention on POPs nCsD National Committee on Sustainable Development neMs National Environmental Monitoring System nes national ecological strategy nGo Non-governmental Organization NIP National Implementation Plan oCP Organochloric Pesticides oeC Organization on Economical Cooperation osCe Organization on Security and Cooperation in europe pc Picogram PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls PCDD Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins PCDF Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans PCo Project Coordination Office PCP Pentachlorophenol POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PVC Polyvinylchloride RCI Republican Center of Immune-Prophylaxis RRs Regions of Republican Subordination PRsP Poverty Reduction strategy Paper PsRe Republican Scientific-Research Enterprise RF Russian Federation RSLI Relatively Safe Level of Influence Rt The Republic of Tajikistan RtCst Register of Toxic Chemical Substances Transmission RU The Republic of Uzbekistan sACRt State Air-Company of the Republic of Tajikistan sC Stockholm Convention of POPs SCEP&F state Committee on environment Protection and Forestry ses Sanitary-Epidemiological Service shoC Shanghai Organization on Cooperation SIC ISCSD Scientific Informational Center within Inter-State Committee on Sustainable Development sMW Solid Municipal Wastes 108 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 ssC State Statistics Committee SPZ Sanitary Protective Zone TIHE Tajik Institute on Hygiene and Epidemiology within Ministry of Health TIPM Tajik Institute on Preventive Medicine within Ministry of Health t. r. Tons of reactant Un United Nations Un eeC UN European Economical Commission UnDP United Nations Development Program UN FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization Un esCAPC UN Economical and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Countries UneP Un environment Program UNICEF UN International Children’s Emergency Fund uPOPs Unintentionally Produced POPs USAID USA Agency for international Development UssR Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics WB World Bank WFP World Food Program WHo World Health Organization 109 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Executive Committee within President of the Republic of Tajikistan Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Economical Development and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and industry of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Finances of the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan National State University Abu Ali ibn Sino Tajik State Medical University Customs Service within Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Non-governmental Organizations: “For Earth” Youth Organization “Green Patrol” NGO “Farzandi Sino” NGO “Chashma” NGO “Youth of 21st Century” Social Organization Center on Legal Support of Youth International Coordinators: Division of GEF Coordination United Nations Environment Programme - Dr. DAVID PIPER Task Manager (POPs) Division of GEF Coordination United Nations Environment Programme European Regional Bureau Mr. GARISLAV SHKOLENOK, Doctor of Chemical Sciences International Consultants: Russian Federation (Moscow city) - Mr. tReGeR Yu. A., Professor, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Ms. AMIROVA Z. K., Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Mr. ROZANOV V. N., Candidate of Chemical Sciences . The Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana city) - Mr. ISHANKULOV M. Sh., Professor, Doctor of Geographical Sciences. Denmark (Copenhagen city) - Mr. JOHN VIJGEN Slovakia (Bratislava city) - Mr. MARTIN MURIN, Doctor of Chemical Sciences Hungary (Budapest city) - Mr. FEJES SZABOLCS, Ph. D. Associates of Project “Enabling Activities for the Development of a National Plan for Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs in Tajikistan” National Coordinator - Mr. A. SH. JURAEV Assistant - Ms. L. S. BOBRITSKAYA, Candidate of Chemical Sciences Financier - Mr. NAZAROV U. T. Office Administrator - Ms. T. G. ABDURAZAKOVA System Administrator - Mr. B. A. HAKIMOV In the process of elaboration National Implementation Plan on commitments of the Republic of Tajikistan on realization of Stockholm Convention of POPs, the following organizations took part: 110 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Executors: Abduvaliev A. K., Candidate of Physical-mathematic Sciences Karimov S. S. Abdusalomov R. D. Kukaniev M. A., Professor, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Member of Academy of Sciences Atamov t. Mansurov J. M. Babajanov N. B. Prudskih D. Baholdina e. A. Pirova A. H., Candidate of Medical Sciences Boboev M. B. Rahmatov A. C., Candidate of Economical Sciences Bokova P. S. Simakin N. V. Buzrukov J. J. suriev B. s. Davlatmamadova G. G. Ulugov U. Zhdanova L. V. Hairullaev P. J., Candidate of Medical Sciences Zardiev N. K. Hasanov M. Ziderer I. V. shahmaev R. A. Inoyatov H. Egamberdyev V. Kadyrov N. A. Yusupov Т. Consultants: Mr. Lunyov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (Russian Federation) Mr. Revich B. A., Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences (Russian Federation) Mr. Turkov S. М. (Republic of Tajikistan) Mr. Hakdodov М. М., Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences (Republic of Tajikistan) Mr. Shodmonov P. Sh. (Republic of Tajikistan) Mr. Shokirov U. Sh. (Republic of Tajikistan) 111 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 ANNEX Third Conference of Parties of the Stockholm Convention on POPs; (COP-3), Dakar, Senegal, 30th April – 4th May 2007; Second Conference of Parties of the Stockholm Convention on POPs; (COP-2), Geneva, Switzerland, 1st – 5th May 2006; Regional Seminar “Study of experience and best practice in sphere NIP elaboration in accordance with Article 7 of the Stockholm Convention on POPs for countries of Central and eastern Europe and Central Asian region”, Sofia city, Bulgaria, 15th – 17th February 2006; Regional Seminar “Assessment of existing capacity and necessity in capacity building for analyses of POPs situation in developing countries”, Beijing, China, 13th – 16th December 2005. Seminar “Determination of priorities on POPs reduction in Kazakhstan”, Astana city, Kazakhstan, 20th August 2005. Regional Consultative Meeting for countries of Central Asia and Eastern Europe on elaboration of BAT/BEP Manual, Vienna, Austria, 9th – 11th February 2005. Syb-regional Seminar on realization of Stockholm Convention on POPs and other Conventions on chemical substances, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, 26th – 27th July 2003. All Union Conference on POPs problem, Moscow city, Russian Federation, 28th – 29th October 2002. Su-regional Seminar on preparatory work for realization of Stockholm Convention on POPs, Kiev, Ukraine, 21st – 25th October 2002. All-Russian Seminar “Inventory of obsolete pesticides stocks”, Voronezh city, Russian Federation, 29th – 30th March 2000. Sub-regional Conference on revelation and assessment of POPs emission, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 1st – 4th July 1997. Annex А1: list of seminars, meetings and conferences on POPs problem with participation of representatives of the Republic of Tajikistan. Annex А1 112 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Tajik language). Persistent organic pollutants and sustainable human development (brochure in Russian language). Persistent organic pollutants and sustainable human development (brochure in Tajik language)). Persistent organic pollutants and their properties, (brochure in Russian language). Persistent organic pollutants and their properties, (brochure in Tajik language). Effects of persistent organic pollutants on human health and environment, (brochure in Russian language). Effects of persistent organic pollutants on human health and environment, (brochure in Tajik language). First twelve persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Russian language). First twelve persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Tajik language). Unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Russian language). Unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Tajik language). Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Russian language). Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, (brochure in Tajik language). Polychlorinated biphenyls – spheres of use and their effects on human health, (brochure in Russian language). Polychlorinated biphenyls – spheres of use and their effects on human health, (brochure in Tajik language). Pesticides – benefits and harmfulness, (brochure in Russian language). Pesticides – benefits and harmfulness, (brochure in Tajik language). Effects of dioxins and furans on environment and public health, (brochure in Russian language). Effects of dioxins and furans on environment and public health, (brochure in Tajik language). Table-calendar for 2007. Calendar for 2006 , (format А 2). Table-calendar for 2006. Pocket-calendar for 2006). Pocket-calendar for 2005. Table-calendar for 2005. Legislative acts in sphere of management and regulation of hazarous chemical substances, including POPs, in the Republic of Tajikistan, 2005. Information bulletin “Stockholm Convention on POPs” (in Tajik language), 2004. Persistent organic pollutants; their effects on human health and environment (Manual for trainers), 2005. Newspaper “Navruzi Vatan”, newspaper of State Committee on Environment Protection and Forestry, №11 (185), August 2006. Video-film “POPs problems” Video-film “POPs problems in Tajikistan”. Annex А2: List of materials on public awareness raising. Annex А2 113 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 In accordance with Stockholm Convention, following substances refer to POPs: Organochloric pesticides are used for combat against agricultural pests, weeds and infec-tious diseases carriers. During use of these pesticides should be observed the requirements, speci fied in the Article 3 of Convention “Measures on reduction or stopping of emissions as a result of intentional production and use”. Aldrin – white crystalline substance without smell, quick solved in organic solvents, stable from chemical and thermal point of view, slow sensitive to the light. It is metabolizing with forma-tion of dieldrin in soil, plants and organisms of insects. It is used as the intestinal and contact insec ticide for combat of termites, locusts and soils’ pests. It was forbidden for use in agriculture since 1973. Dieldrin – white crystals with naphthalene. It is insoluble in water, good dissolving in or-ganic solvents; it is stable from chemical and thermal point of view; also it is stable to alkalis, weak acids and light. It is used as contact and intestinal insecticide in composition of seeds’ protectants, and also as preparation for combating of insects, which are carriers of infectious diseases and which live in soils of arable lands. It was forbidden for use in agriculture from 1985. Endrin – white crystal substance melting temperature 226-230o С, practically insoluble in water, good dissolving in majority of organic solvents; stable in acid and alkali media. It is used for combating of ticks, and also as zoocide. This insecticide is used for sparge of cotton, rice, maize and other crops’ leaves. Also, it is used as preparation against mice, field-voles and other rodents. Mirex - white crystal substance melting temperature 485o С, practically insoluble in water, moderately dissolving in organic solvents; stable in acid and alkali media. It is used for combating of solenopsis ants and other kinds of ants and termites. Chlordane – it is the yellowish oil without smell with boiling-point 175o С; practically in-soluble in water, good dissolving in majority of organic solvents; stable in acid and alkali media. It is the insecticide with broad action spectrum. It is used intensively in agriculture for combating of rodents as contact-intestinal insecticide. It was forbidden for use in agriculture from 1985. Heptachlor – technical heptachlor brown waxy mass, insoluble in water, good dissolving in majority of organic solvents. It is more volatile from all used pesticides. It is used for protection of sugar-beet, maize and other crops from soil pests, termites, cotton pests, locusts and malarial mos-quitoes. It was forbidden for use in agriculture from 1992. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) – the clean preparation is white lamellate crystals; practically in soluble in water, ethanol; good dissolving in organic solvents. It is used in agriculture as protectant against fungous and bacterial diseases agent. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) – one of the most knew POPs. DDT – it is white crystal substance with low volatility. Good dissolving in many organic solvents: aromatic hydrocar-bons and their halogen derivates, ketones, esters of carbonic acids. It is slowly dissolved in alphetic and acyclic hydrocarbons (till 4%). The technical product contains 75 – 76% of reactant. Higher melting temperature, it is exposed to dechlorination with formation of dichlorodiphenyldichlore thene (DDD). DDT was used as contact and system insecticide for many agricultural crops, in for-estry, for pest control as the sanitary preparation and etc. DDT was used during World War II as the protective means for military personnel and civilian population for combating of malaria, typhus and other diseases, transmitted by insects. It is used still in certain countries as the preparation for control of malaria, tick-encephalitis and plague carriers. It was forbidden for use in agriculture from 1970. Toxaphene – the toxic base is chlorinated camphene (С10Н10СI8); it is the dense fluid of dark-brown color. It is practically insoluble in water; good dissolved in majority of solvents. It is decomposed by availability of alkalis and ultra-violet light. It is used as intestinal-contact insecti cide on the agricultural fields, where beetroot, potatoes, cotton, peas, nuts, fruits, vegetables and grain-crops are grown. Also, it is used for combating of various ticks in domestic animals. 2. Industrial POPs: Polychlorinated biphenyls – it is the substances, in handling of which the special require Annex А3: additional information about persistent organic pollutants. Annex А3 114 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 ments, indicated in the Article 3 of Convention “Measures on reduction and stopping of emissions as a result of intentional production and use”, should be observed. PCB-containing substances, used as liquid dielectrics in transformers and capacitors, coolants and hydraulic systems; also they are used by production of glues, dyes, mastics, fire retardants, plastic masses, paper with carbon-free copying layer and pesticides’ stuff. PCBs relate to POPs group, which are chemically inert and jointed under general name – chlorinated hydrocarbons. PCBs are persistent, toxic and bio-accumulated; they may be transferred to the great distances in various media. PCBs – it is the group containing 209 isomers with molecular formula С12Н10-nСIn, where number of chlorine atoms is from one to ten. PCBs, mainly pentachlorodiphenyls or the mixture of tetra- and pentachlordiphenyls, were produced in former USSR under the trade names of various sovols: sovol plasticizer (TU-6-01 4683387-39-90) and sovol и совол electro-isolation, sovtol-10 (ОСТ-6-01-17-85). PCBs have certain advantages: refractoriness, low electro-conductivity, high resistance to thermal breakdown, high chemical stability and resistance to oxidants; all these factors stipulated their bride use. PCBs were never produced in Tajikistan. Unintentionally produced POPs, in handling of which the special requirements, indicated in the Article 5 of Convention “Measures on reduction and stopping of emissions as a result of inten tional production”, should be observed: PCBs, HCB, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) - furans, which are the most harmful from all POPs. Unintentional formation and dioxins and furans emission is the result of industrial thermal processes by availability of organic substances and chlorine, and also the processes, connected with incomplete burning of municipal and industrial wastes, during forest and steep fires. Practically all industrial enterprises in various branches may be considered as sources of dioxins and furans. The main of them are following: power engineering, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, chemical, pet-rochemical, pulp-and-paper and cement industry. Dioxins and furans are available in exhausts of vehicles, tobacco smoke and gases, which are formed by combustion of fossil fuel and woods. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins – it is dioxins, three-nuclear aromatic combinations, formed in two benzene rings, jointed by two atoms of oxygen; the atoms of hydrogen may be re placed by chlorine atoms in amount up to 8. Annex А3 Polychlorinated dibenzofurans – it is furans, three-nuclear aromatic combinations, formed in two benzene rings, jointed by one atom of oxygen and one carbon-carbonic connection, the atoms of hydrogen may be replaced by chlorine atoms in amount up to 8. X X o X Xo XX XX X = H, Cl 115 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 X X o X X XX XX X = H, Cl In accordance with data of USA Environmental Agency, nowadays were identified 75 diox-ins and 135 furans. Many of them are toxic. The extent of toxicity varies in dependence on their structure and components. Among all kinds of dioxins, the tetrachlorinated dibenzodioxin with jointed chlorine atoms in 2,3,7, and 8 positions (2,3,7,8-TCDD): o o Cl ClCl Cl is the most toxic. Annex А3 116 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Methodical guidance on collecting payments for environment contamination. From 29.12.1993,. № 126. РД-0193: it is used as the regulatory mechanism for observation of rules on pesticides storing; specifies • the violations of these rules and their consideration as throwing of wastes in unau-thorized dumps. Payment is collected with increasing rate; it includes payments as the regulatory mechanism for observation of limits on con-taminants • emission to the water reservoirs, included to POPs list – DDT and toxaphene. Main procedures, connected with air-transportation of hazardous loads, realized by planes of civil aviation of USSR. Statement of Ministry of Civil Aviation from 06.05.1991, № 195/у: the document specifies the requirements to Technical Instructions on safe air-transportation of • hazardous loads; unifies the procedure on admission of hazardous loads to the air-transporta tion, determines the conditions of reception and storing in air-port of delivery, giving out of per mission for their transportation and registration of transportation docu-mentation, determines the requirements to safety measures. Technical instructions on safe air-transportation of hazardous loads. ИКАО 1999-2000г. Doc. 9284-AN/905 SUPPLEMENT: it explains the main principles of limitations during air-transportation of hazardous loads; speci-• fies the requirements to packaging sets; Instruction on safety assuring by incidents with hazardous loads; it determines the order of measures on prevention of incidents during air-transportation of haz-• ardous loads, which should be observed by all air-transport personnel; Instruction on safety assuring by incidents with hazardous loads; it determines the order of measures on prevention of incidents during air-transportation of haz-• ardous loads, which should be observed by all air-transport personnel. Rules of rail-way transportation of hazardous loads. From 05.04. 1996: they regulate rail-way transportation of hazardous loads in CIS countries. Hazardous loads are • classified in accordance with State Standards 19433-88 “Hazardous loads. Classification and labeling”. The rules include requirements to containers, packaging and labeling of hazardous loads and also the condition of carriages. Rules of hazardous loads transportation, Agreement on International Railway Load transpor tation; came into force from 01.11.1951, revised and issued with changes and addi-tions from 01.01.1998: it regulates the conditions of transportation of toxic substances (including pesticides), require-• ments to packaging, types of transportation, limitations by transportation and other require ments. Regime of international motor transportation in the Republic of Tajikistan, 04.08. 2003, №342: it regulates the procedure of organization international motor transportation on the territory of the • Republic of Tajikistan. Regime of enter and departure to and from Tajikistan by motor transport is realized accordingly to special permission on import, export and transit delivery of hazardous loads. Instruction on regime of hazardous loads transportation by motor transport, 04. 10. 1993, №554-с: it specifies the regime of hazardous loads transportation on the territory of the Republic of Ta-• jikistan and determines the main requirements to organization, technical conditions and safety. Hazardous loads are defined accordingly with State Standards 19433-81 “Hazardous loads. Classification. Danger signs”. The rules or conditions of safe transportation of concrete type or groups of hazardous loads are elaborated by hazardous loads producers or transportation agency on the base of normative acts of State standards, Technical conditions, rules and etc. Sanitary rules of storing, transportation and use of pesticides in agriculture, 20.09.1973, № 1123-73: they regulate the conditions of pesticides use in agriculture for prevention of poisoning peoples, • dealing with them during working process (transportation, storing, treatment of plants, animals, birds, buildings, arable lands and so on), prevention of contamination food-stuffs, ambient air in Annex А4: Normative-legislative base of management and regulation. Annex А4 117 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 settlements, water reservoirs and soils. Instruction on safety measures by storing, transportation and use of pesticides in agri-culture, 18.06.1984: it determines the requirements to assurance of safety by use of pesticides in agriculture, in in-• dustry, fire-fighting; observation of environment protection measures by transportation and use of chemical substances. Temporary instruction on preparation and burying of forbidden and unfitted agricul-tural pesti cides and their containers, 10.05.1989: it determines the regime of collection and preparation to burying of obsolete and forbidden solid • and powdery pesticides and their containers. Building norms and rules, 2.01.28-85. Burial places on sterilization and burying of toxic industrial wastes. Main provisions on projection, 26.06.85: they determine the requirements to selection of land plots, building process and rehabilitation of • burial places, intended for sterilization and burying of industrial wastes with taking into consider ation the principles of prevention contamination of environment and effects on human health. Methodical manual on control of pesticides residuals in foodstuffs, 31.03.1972., № 973-72: it is intended for conducting of selective laboratory control for pesticides residuals in foodstuffs. • In this methodical manual is specified the list of “Maximum permissible pesticides residuals and methods of their study”. Methodical manual for agencies of sanitary-epidemiological services on sanitary pro-tection of water-reservoirs from contamination with agricultural pesticides, 17. 04.1970, № 846-70: it is intended for realization of control and conducting measures on sanitary protection of water-• reservoirs from contamination with agricultural pesticides. In this methodical manual is specified the list of “Maximum permissible pesticides concentration in waters of sanitary-municipal water reservoirs”. Pesticides: rules of reception, selection of samples, packaging, transportation and storage; State Standards 14189-81, 30.06.1981, № 3190: it specifies the rules of reception, selection of samples, packaging, transportation and storage • of pesticides. Maximum permissible concentrations of pesticides in soil (MPC). List № 6, 5.08.85, № 3919-85.: it contains the list of pesticides, MPC, limiting indicators and methods of their determination.• Statement “On State control of agricultural plants protection from pests and diseases in USSR”, 2.11.1970.: it specifies the requirements to land-users in sphere of conducting measures on combating of • pests, plant diseases and weeds; observation of regulations concerning pesticides use for pre vention of pesticides residuals accumulation in agricultural productions, in soil, in water reser voirs and other environmental components in higher quantity than safe norms. Statement on control-toxicological laboratories within State Plant protection Services: it regulates the laboratory control in sphere of observation of fixed norms on use of plant protec-• tive means in agriculture; conducting of selective analyses of plant-growing productions (excepting forage) for determina-• tion of pesticides residuals availability and subsequent determination of their use norms with taking into consideration the local soil-and-climatic conditions; control of pesticides preparations’ quality;• control of quality of pesticides, which were delivered to the households or which were kept in • storage facilities during long time. State Standards on regulation of PCBs and PCB-containing materials and equipment (1976 1988): they specify the technical requirements, safety measures, rules of reception, testing, packaging, • labeling, storage and transportation, guarantee of production of power condensers and their in stallations, transformers and condensers’ oil, impregnation electro-isolation fluid and other PCBs and PCB-containing materials and equipment. Methods of determination damages, stipulated by violation of land-use legislation. In-struction on payment collection and compensation paid to the state for violation of land-use legislation, 14 07. 1999: it specifies the determination damages, stipulated by violation of land-use legislation, including • Приложение А4 118 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 non-observation of technologies and regulations by use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and also non-observation of environmental requirements by storage, loading and transportation. List of chemical and biological means for combating of pests, plant diseases and weeds, rec ommended for use in agriculture. Список химических и биологических средств борьбы с вредителями, болезнями растений и сорняками, рекомендованных для приме-нения в сельском хозяйстве. Year-book: it contains the list of chemical and biological means, permitted for use in agriculture.• Manual of the Republic of Tajikistan 50-009-2000 “Order of legislative measures ap-plication by Tajik-Standard by conducting of state control of observation requirements, speci-fied in normative documentation”: it specifies the order of legal measures application for violations of rules on certifica-tion of pro-• duction (works, services), indicated in the Laws of the Republic of Tajikistan “About certification of production and services” (Article 19), “About protection of consum-ers’ rights” (Articles 38 and 39), and also the Decree of President of the Republic Tajikistan No. 1111 from 20.11.1998 “About certain measures on protection of consumer market” and Statement of Government of the Republic of Tajikistan from 16th March 1999 “About protec-tion of consumer market from low-quality commodities”, revealed by state control. Standard of the Republic Tajikistan 50.01-2000 “State control of standards and meas-urement means. Interconnection of Tajik-Standard agencies and law machineries of Tajiki-stan. Application of legislative measures”: it is intended for revelation of violations rules of production and sale of commodities, violation of standards of industrial processes or destruction of materials (accordingly to fixes requirements). Licensing of activities and giving out of permissions Regime of licensing in sphere of ecological expertise, 3 07. 2003, № 300; Regime of licensing of activities, connected with handling of hazardous wastes, 6. 06. 2003, № 252 Regime of pesticides and agro-chemicals registration, 22.04.2003. Licensing of activities, connected with expertise on chemical, 17.05.2004, № 37 Licensing in sphere of production and safe handling with pesticides and agro-chemicals (de termined in legislation but not included to the obligatory list on licensing). Licensing on exploitation of chemically dangerous industrial objects, 17. 05. 2004, № 37. Licensing of activities, connected with transportation of hazardous loads by the railway, 17. 05. 2004, № 37. Licensing of activities, connected with transportation of hazardous loads by the motor trans-port, 17.05. 2004, № 37. Licensing of activities, connected with transportation of hazardous loads by the air-transport, 17. 05. 2004, № 37. Technical instructions on safe transportation of hazardous loads by air (Document ИКАО 9284 АN/905). Instructions about activities in contingencies, connected with air-transportation of hazardous loads (Document ИКАО 94-81-АN/928). Main procedures, connected with air-transportation of hazardous loads with use of civilian avia tion of USSR, 06.05.1991, № 195/у. Conclusions of state ecological expertise in sphere of economical and other activities. Regime of registration and giving out of sanitary-epidemiological conclusions. Permission on use of chemical substances, biological preparations, plants growth-promotion factors, chemical fertilizers, other substances and preparations, which are used in Tajikistan at the first time. Permission for emission of contaminating substances available in sewages with determination of their limits (MPC). Determination of norms, MPC, of contaminants’ emission to the atmosphere with specifica-tion of limits on cleaning and volume of emission. Permission for burying (warehousing) of industrial and solid municipal wastes (excluding ra dioactive ones) in special places: pesticides burial places, natural terraces, collectors, storage facilities for industrial wastes and etc., 1993. Special permission for import, export and transit delivery of hazardous loads by motor trans-port. Приложение А4 119 N ational im plem entation plan on realization of stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants in the republic of Tajikistan 2007 Annex А5: National Register of obsolete and forbidden pesticides (2005). Districts Total volume of pesticides, tons Including: Mixtures of pesticides with soil, tonsForbidden Unfitted Unknown mixtures Sugd region Ashtski 3,72 - 3,32 0,40 150 B. Gafurovski 6,14 - 5,84 0,30 210 Zafarabadski 21,50 17,00 0,50 4,00 201 kanibadamski 11,02 - 0,72 10,30 138 Matchinski 7,49 - 5,29 2,20 120 J. Rasulovski 4,95 - 3,35 1,60 141 spitamen 2,50 - - 2,50 66 Kanibadamski pesticides burial place 3000 100 - 2900 Total in region 3057,32 117,00 19,02 2921,300 1026 Hatlon region Bohtarski 12,40 - 5,50 6,90 351 Vahshski 24,90 - 1,10 23,80 354 Kolhozabadski 11,50 - 5,50 6,00 342 Kumsangirski 6,70 - - 6,70 366 Jami - - - - 264 Yavanski 3,20 - - 3,20 405 Voseiski 9,30 - 3,20 6,10 327 Kulyabski 7,10 - 2,80 4,30 180 Hamadani 14,20 - 2,30 11,90 483 Farhorski 11,40 - 2,20 9,20 363 Vahshski pesticides burial place 7500,0 3500,0 - 4000,0 Total in region 7600,70 3500,0 22,60 4078,10 3435 Regions of Republican Subordination (RRS) Tursunzadevski 1,00 - - 1,00 15 Gissarski 1,07 0,55 0,52 - 3 Vahdat - - - - 21 Total in RRS 2,07 0,55 0,52 1,00 39 Total in republic 10660,1 3617,6 42,14 7000,40 4500 Annex А5 120 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 A nn ex А 6: N at io na l R eg is te r o n PC B c on ta in in g el ec tr o te ch ni ca l e qu ip m en t ( 20 03 ). В In fo rm at io n on e qu ip m en t, po te nt ia lly c on ta in in g PC B s N am e of e nt er pr is e (o r ga ni za tio n) , w or ks ho p, d ep ar tm en t N um be r o f t ra ns fo rm er s Ty pe , ye ar o f p ro du ct io n To ta l nu m be r In cl ud in g: Pe rio d of ex pl oi ta tio n In re se rv e D ec om m is si on ed Pl ac e of s to rin g: PC B c on te nt , k g In do or s In th e ya rd o f en te r pr is e In s pe ci al pl ac es “T aj ik A lu m in um C om p an y” S ta te U ni ta ry E nt er pr is e, T ur su n za de h ci ty Fo un dr y № 2 • ТН ЗП 1 60 0/ 10 ye ar o f p ro du ct io n 19 80 1 1 28 50 ТН ЗП 1 60 0/ 10 ye ar o f p ro du ct io n 19 83 1 1 28 50 To ta l: 2 2 57 00 “S ira nd ut ” Lt d. , H u ja nd c ity ТН З 10 00 /1 0 ye ar of p ro du ct io n 19 73 4 1 3 72 00 С У 29 , I sf ar a ci ty ТН З 63 0/ 10 1 1 11 00 “T aj ik is ta n” L td ., G a fu ro v ci ty ТН П 4 00 /1 0 1 1 15 00 “N ilu fa r” L td ., Is fa ra c ity ТН З 63 0/ 10 4 3 1 1 40 00 ТН З 40 0/ 10 1 1 10 00 Su b to ta l: 5 4 50 00 TO TA L: 13 9 3 1 1 20 50 0 Annex А6 121 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 R EG IS TE R F O R M R eg is te r o f P C B c on ta in in g eq ui pm en t ( 20 03 ) В In fo rm at io n on e qu ip m en t, po te nt ia lly c on ta in in g PC B s N am e of e nt er pr is e (o r ga ni za tio n) , w or ks ho p, d ep ar tm en t N um be r o f t ra ns fo rm er s Ty pe , ye ar o f p ro du ct io n To ta l nu m be r In cl ud in g: Pe rio d of ex pl oi ta tio n In re se rv e D ec om m is si on ed Pl ac e of s to rin g: PC B c on te nt , k g In do or s In th e ya rd o f en te r pr is e In s pe ci al pl ac es 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “S ha ba ka ho i b ar ki i o f D us ha nb e ci ty ” L td . R P 1 • КС О 0 ,3 8 12 ,5 11 11 77 R P 3 • КС О 0 ,3 8 12 ,5 8 8 56 s R P • КС О 0 ,3 8 12 ,5 2 2 14 To ta l: 21 21 14 7 “T ex til e” L td . D IO P, s ub st at io n w or ks ho p • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З ye ar of p ro du ct io n 19 82 26 0 26 0 26 0 59 80 КС К2 0 ,4 6 7 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 82 19 19 19 36 1 КС 1 0, 38 21 21 21 25 2 To ta l: 30 0 30 0 30 0 65 93 “R av ga ni T oj ik ” Lt d. ts R P • КС К2 1 0, 5 15 0 2У 1 6 6 6 11 4 To ta l: 6 6 6 11 4 Annex А6 122 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “T aj ik A lu m in um C om p an y” St at e U ni ta ry E n te rp ris e TS N P Fo un dr y • КС 2 0, 50 3 6 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 73 8 8 18 4 КС 2 0, 66 5 0 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 80 15 15 34 5 To ta l: 23 23 52 9 TS S H – s to ra ge fa ci lit y № 2 • КС 2 0, 66 5 0 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 75 10 10 23 0 КС 2 0, 50 3 6 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 75 13 2 13 2 30 36 To ta l: 14 2 14 2 32 66 TS K R E – in st al la tio n of c a th od e bl oc ks КС 2 1, 05 7 5 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 86 70 70 16 10 To ta l: 70 70 16 10 TS P P E – 1 3 . T ec hn ol og ic al li ne o f IC H T fu rn ac es КС 2 0, 50 3 6 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 78 12 8 50 78 78 29 44 КС 2 0, 60 5 0 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 78 20 7 20 7 47 61 КС 2 1, 05 7 5 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 78 22 0 22 0 50 60 To ta l: 55 5 47 7 78 78 12 76 5 Fo un dr y: • LO № 1 • КС 2 0, 66 5 0 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 81 1 98 6 58 8 54 2 46 46 13 52 4 LO № 2 • КС 2 0, 66 5 0 2У З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 81 1 98 6 29 8 25 0 48 48 68 54 To ta l: 88 6 79 2 94 94 20 37 8 Annex А6 123 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 To ta l o n “T aj ik A lu m in um C om pa ny ” 16 76 13 62 14 2 17 2 94 38 54 8 A sb es to s pi pe F ac to ry КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 82 1 1 1 23 To ta l: 1 1 1 23 “T aj ik C em en t” S ta te U ni ta ry En te rp ris e КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 82 6 6 6 13 8 To ta l: 6 6 6 13 8 “K or ho na i M eb el so zi s ha hr i D us ha nb e” L td . ТR P № 2 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 77 10 10 23 0 КС 1 0, 38 2 5 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 80 14 12 2 2 16 8 КС 1 0, 4 33 1/ 3 ЗУ З, ye ar o f p ro du ct io n 19 80 5 5 60 ts R P – 1 12 3 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 77 2 2 46 To ta l: 31 29 2 2 50 4 “C om pl ex E nt er pr is e sh ah ri D us ha nb e” L td . R U – 0 ,4 • КС 1 0, 38 1 6 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 74 15 15 22 5 ТP – 1 02 9 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 75 18 18 41 4 To ta l: 33 33 63 9 “z H B K & SD ” Lt d. R ei nf or ci ng w or ks ho p • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 81 11 11 25 3 To ta l: 11 11 25 3 Annex А6 124 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “A vt or em ” Lt d. КС 1 0, 38 2 5 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 81 12 8 4 4 14 4 КС К2 0 ,3 8 50 З УЗ , y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 81 7 4 3 3 13 3 To ta l: 19 12 7 7 27 7 “K or ho na i a rm at ur e” L td . A dm in is tra tiv e D ep ar tm en t, TP • – 1 КС К1 0 ,4 3 31 /3 З УЗ , y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 71 4 4 40 To ol ro om , Т P – 4 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 77 1 1 1 23 Fo un dr y. Т P w ith ou t n um be r • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 71 6 6 13 8 КС К1 0 ,4 3 31 /3 З УЗ , y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 81 3 3 30 Fo un dr y, Т P w ith ou t n um be r • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 75 9 9 9 20 7 Fo un dr y. Т P w ith ou t n um be r • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 75 9 9 20 7 Fo un dr y pr em is es • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 73 30 30 30 69 0 B as em en t o f i nd uc tio n fu rn ac es • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 73 32 32 73 6 To ta l: 94 54 40 40 20 71 “H um o” L td . Fo un dr y • КС 2 1, 05 7 5 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 79 48 48 11 04 ТP – 1 01 4 • КС 2 1, 05 7 5 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 79 12 12 27 6 ТP – 1 01 6 • КС 2 1, 05 7 5 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 79 8 8 18 4 To ta l: 68 48 20 15 64 Annex А6 125 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “I nt er fe r” T P – 14 57 КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 79 12 6 6 6 27 6 To ta l: 12 6 6 6 27 6 “K uh an di s” L td . S ho e Fa ct or y № 4 , Т P – 1 42 5 • КС 2 0, 4 67 З УЗ , y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 77 6 6 13 8 S ho e Fa ct or y № 3 , Т P – 1 25 4 • КС К1 0 ,4 3 31 /3 З УЗ , y ea r of p ro du ct io n 19 73 3 3 30 “K oz hz av od ” S ub st at io n • КС К2 0 ,4 6 7 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 77 1 1 19 ТP – 3 61 (t re at m en t f ac ili tie s) • КС К2 0 ,3 8 36 , З УЗ y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 76 13 11 2 2 24 7 To ta l: 23 21 2 2 43 4 “K im iy o” L td . W or ks ho p № 15 , Т P 1 0 5 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 74 5 5 5 11 5 ТP 1 1 0 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З. y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 74 11 11 11 25 3 W or ks ho p № 4 , Т P 1 7 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 74 6 6 6 13 8 W or ks ho p № 3 , Т P 1 1 2 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 74 12 12 12 27 6 To ta l: 34 34 34 78 2 “O bs ho ro n” L td . R ei nf or ci ng W or ks ho p, Т P – 7 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 76 2 2 2 46 To ta l: 2 2 2 46 “A sb es to s C em en t” L td . ТP 1 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 88 12 6 6 27 6 R U 0 ,4 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 88 12 6 6 27 6 To ta l: 24 12 12 55 2 Annex А6 126 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “S ar v” L td . W or ks ho p № 1 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 75 3 3 69 ТP – 2 34 • КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 75 2 2 46 To ta l: 5 5 11 5 “S ha rk i o zo d” L td . E le ct ric p an el fo r 1 ,2 ,3 fl oo rs • КС 1 0, 38 2 5 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 83 15 15 18 0 ТP in b as em en t • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 84 7 7 7 16 1 To ta l: 22 15 7 7 34 1 “D us ha nb in sk i v od oc an al ” St at e U ni ta ry En te rp ris e K af ar ni ga ns ka ya P um pi ng fa ci lit y, R U 2 • КС 2 6, 3 75 2 УЗ , y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 81 6 6 13 8 КС 2 10 ,5 7 5 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 81 1 1 1 23 K af ar ni ga ns ka ya P um pi ng fa ci lit y, R U 1 • КК U 2 КС 2 6, 3 75 2 УЗ , y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 81 2 2 46 To ta l: 9 8 1 1 19 7 C ot to n Fa ct or y “B ep ar as to n” , K ul ya b ci ty КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 2 2 46 “K ab ul T aj ik T ex til e” J oi nt E nt er pr is e КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 62 62 14 26 “v T SI LK ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 9 9 20 7 “D eh ko n” L td КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 18 18 41 4 “S AT N ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 6 6 13 8 “L A L” L td . КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 85 18 12 6 41 4 “H uj an ts ki T in ne d Fo od F ac to rt ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 88 13 9 4 4 29 9 КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 1 99 0 92 14 10 4 32 2 Annex А6 127 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “J av on i” J oi nt E nt er pr is e КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 80 2 2 46 “N on pa z” L td . КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 16 16 36 8 “P oi af zo ld uz i” L td . КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 6 4 2 2 13 8 “P ar an da pa rv ar 2 ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 84 6 4 2 2 13 8 “T am oh us h IG M z” L td . КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 1 98 9 24 24 55 2 КС 1 0, 38 1 8 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 92 6 6 60 “N on i I sf ar a” L td . КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 6 6 13 8 “z uh al ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 4 4 92 “S ha rb at i K os ta ko z” L td . КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 3 3 69 КС 2 0, 38 5 0З УЗ 1 1 23 “B rit an ia P ul od on ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 7 7 16 1 G as F ill in g St at io n “A zi z” КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 2 2 46 “S he rz od & K ” Lt d. КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 1 1 23 КС 2 0, 26 1 1 23 To ta l: 2 2 46 “N ur te x” L td . КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 77 16 10 6 6 36 8 “K om ro n” L td . ТP № 2 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 84 3 3 69 ТP № 3 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 84 1 1 23 ТP № 6 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 84 3 3 36 ТP № 5 • КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З, y ea r o f pr od uc tio n 19 84 4 4 92 To ta l: 11 11 22 0 Annex А6 128 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 “R av ga n” L td . КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 6 6 13 8 “A vt o vA z” T ec hn ic al S er vi ce s ta tio n КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 2 2 46 “1 st M ay ” C oo pe ra tiv e A s so ci at io n КС 1 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 3 3 36 “v os to kr ed m et ” St at e En te rp ris e КС 1 0, 38 2 5З УЗ 21 21 2 52 КС 2 0, 38 5 0 ЗУ З 28 28 6 44 КС 2 0, 38 3 6 ЗУ З 3 3 6 9 КС 2 6, 3 50 З УЗ 45 45 1 03 5 To ta l: 97 97 20 00 “S ha hz od ” Lt d. КС 2 0 ,3 8 36 5 5 11 5 TO TA L: 27 64 19 30 23 4 60 0 51 6 78 6 61 68 1 С пи со к аб бр ев иа ту р ZG B K & S D Fe rr oc on cr et e ite m s an d ac qu is iti on o f c om po ne nt s LO Fo un dr y P ar t R U D is tri bu tio n de vi ce s R ts N or th er n D is tri bu tio n C en te r s U B ui ld in g D ep ar tm en t tP Tr an sf or m er s’ P oi nt TS K R E W or ks ho p of c ap ita l r ep ar at io n of e le ct ro de s ts P P e W or ks ho p of e le ct ro de s pr od uc tio n ts R P C en tra l D is tri bu tio n P oi nt ts tn P W or ks ho p on c on su m er g oo ds p ro du ct io n R eg is te r o f P C B c on ta in in g w as te s (2 00 3) Eq ui pm en t N um be r PC B c on ta in in g w as te s, k g Tr an sf or m er s 1 40 00 C ap as ito rs 60 0 10 40 0 TO TA L 60 1 14 40 0 Annex А6 129 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 A nn ex А 7: N at io na l R eg is te r o f d io xi ns a nd fu ra ns e m is si on (2 00 3) . S ec to r C at eg or ie s of s ou rc es Em is si on p er y ea r (g ra m o f T E / y ea r) A ir W at er So il A sh y du st Sl ag 1 B ur ni ng o f w as te s 0, 96 3 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 2 P ro du ct io n of fe rr ou s an d no n fe rr ou s m et al s 13 ,4 35 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 13 3, 4 3 P ro du ct io n of e le ct ric ity a nd th er m al e ne rg y 12 ,5 30 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 4 P ro du ct io n of c om m od iti es fr om m in er al ra w m at er ia ls 0, 75 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 5 Tr an sp or t 0, 40 1 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 6 U nc on tro lle d co m bu st io n pr oc es se s 3, 96 6 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 7, 4 7 P ro du ct io n an d us e of c he m ic al s ub st an ce s an d co ns um er g oo ds 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 8 M is ce lla ne ou s 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 9 R em ov al / B ur yi ng 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 10 R ev el at io n of h ot s po ts 1 9 To ta l: 32 ,0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 14 0, 8 Annex А7 130 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Category Sub-category Class C at eg or ie s of s ou rc es Po te nt ia l d ire ct io n of e m is si on s (m g TE /to ns ) Pr od uc tio n to ns / ye ar Em is si on s pe r y ea r ( g TE / ye ar ) A ir W at er So il A sh y du st Sl ag A ir W at er So il Fo od st uf f R e m ai n de rs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 PR O D U C TI O N O F FE R R O U S A N D N O N F ER R O U S M ET A LS a A gg lo m er at io n of ir on o re 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0, 00 0 1 U se o f w as te s, in cl ud in g co nt am in at io n w ith oi l 20 n R n R n R 0, 00 3 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 2 U se o f w as te s in e nt er pr is es w ith g oo d co nt ro l 4 n R n R n R 0, 00 3 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 3 H ig h te ch no lo gy e nt er pr is es ; d ec re as in g of em is si on s 0, 3 n R n R n R 0, 00 3 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 b C ok e pr od uc tio n 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 W ith ou t g as es p ur ifi ca tio n 3 0, 06 n R n R n R 0, 00 0 0 2 R em ov al o f d us t 0, 3 0, 06 n R n R n R 0, 00 0 0 c Fe rr ou s m et al lu rg y en te rp ris es , i nc lu di ng fo un dr y: c as t i ro n an d st ee l p ro du ct io n 0, 36 2 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 1 C on ta m in at ed w as te s, in iti al h ea tin g of w as te s, li m ite d co nt ro l 10 n R n R n U 15 36 1 45 0, 36 1 0, 54 2 2 C le an w as te s/ iro n, d us t c ol le ct or / cl ot h fil te r 3 n R n R n U 15 47 9 0, 00 1 0, 00 7 3 C le an w as te s/ iro n, c on ve rte rs 0, 1 n R n R n U 1, 5 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 4 B la st fu rn ac es w ith A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l ( A C C ) 0, 01 n R n R n U n R 0, 00 0 Fo un dr y 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0, 00 0 1 C up ol a fu rn ac es w ith c ol d bl as t o r r ot ar y dr um w ith ou t A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l (A C C ) 10 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 R ot ar y dr um fu rn ac es – c lo th fi lte r 4, 3 n R n R n R 0, 2 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 3 C up ol a fu rn ac es w ith c ol d bl as t, cl ot h fil te r 1 n R n R n R 8 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 4 C up ol a fu rn ac es w ith h ot b la st o r i nd uc tio n fu rn ac es , c lo th fi lte r 0, 03 n R n R n R 0, 5 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 ( N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 131 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 d C op pe r p ro du ct io n 0, 00 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 1 S ec on da ry c op pe r – B as e te ch no lo gy 80 0 n R n R n R 63 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 2 s ec on da ry c op pe r – G oo d co nt ro l 50 n R n R n R 63 0 5 0, 00 0 0, 00 3 3 S ec on da ry c op pe r – c on tro l, op tim iz ed fo r P C D D /P C D F 5 n R n R n R 30 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 4 M el tin g an d po ur in g of c op pe r / c op pe r a llo y 0, 03 n R n U n U n R 0, 00 0 5 In iti al c op pe r – a ll ty pe s 0, 01 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 e Pr od uc tio n of a lu m in um (a ll se co nd ar y) 13 ,0 07 0 0 0 1 P ro ce ss in g of a lu m in um w as te s, m in im al cl ea ni ng o f r aw m at er ia ls , s im pl e du st co lle ct in g 15 0 n R n R n R 40 0 12 0 41 1, 80 6 4, 81 6 2 P ro ce ss in g of w as te s, g oo d co nt ro l, go od w ith A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l ( A C C ) 35 n R n R n R 40 0 32 0 04 0 11 ,2 01 12 8, 01 6 3 D ry in g of c ut tin gs / w as te s 10 n R n R n R n U 0, 00 0 4 O pt im iz ed p ro ce ss , o pt im iz ed w ith A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l ( A C C ) s ys te m . 1 n R n R n R 40 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 f Pr od uc tio n of le ad 1 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 S ec on da ry le ad fr om w as te s, P V C s ep ar at or s ac cu m ul at or s. 80 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 S ec on da ry le ad fr om w as te s w ith ou t P V C / C l2 , b la st fu rn ac es w ith c lo th fi lte rs 8 n R n R n R n R 1 0, 00 0 3 S ec on da ry le ad , w as te s w ith ou t P V C /C l2 , no t i n bl as t-f ur na ce s or in b la st fu rn ac es w ith sc ru bb er s 0, 5 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 g Pr od uc tio n of z in c 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 K iln w ith ou t d us t c on tro l 10 00 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 H ot b riq ue tti ng / ro ta ry fu rn ac e, b as es c on tro l 10 0 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 3 C om pr eh en si ve c on tro l 5 5 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 4 S m el tin g (e xc lu si ve ly ) 0, 3 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 h Pr od uc tio n of b ra ss 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 S im pl e sm el tin g fu rn ac es 1 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 C om pl ex e qu ip m en t, fo r e xa m pl e: in du ct io n fu rn ac es w ith A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l (A C C ) 0, 1 n R n R n R n R 40 0, 00 0 ( N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 132 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I Pr od uc tio n of m ag ne si um 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0, 00 0 1 Th er m al p ro ce ss in g M gO /C to C l2 , w ith ou t cl ea ni ng o f s ew ag e, p oo r w ith A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l ( A C C ) s ys te m 25 0 9 00 0 n U n R 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 2 Th er m al p ro ce ss in g M gO /C to C l2 , co m pr eh en si ve c on tro l o f c on ta m in at io n 50 24 n U n R 9 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 j Th er m al p ro du ct io n of n on fe rr ou s m et al s (fo r e xa m pl e: N i) 0 0 0 0 1 C on ta m in at ed w as te s, s im pl e co nt ro l o f d us t a nd its la ck in g 10 0 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 C le an w as te s, g oo d A ir C on ta m in at io n C on tro l (A C C ) s ys te m 2 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 l Sh re dd er 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 E nt er pr is es o n m et al d ec om po si tio n 0, 2 n U n U n R n R 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 m Th er m al re ge ne ra tio n of m et al s fr om c ab le 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 O pe n bu rn in g of c ab le 50 00 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 S im pl e fu rn ac e w ith b ef or e bu rn in g de vi ce , w ith w et w as he r 40 n R n U n R n R 0, 00 0 3 B ur ni ng o f e le ct ric m ot or , b re ak b lo ck a nd e tc . w ith b ef or e bu rn in g de vi ce 3, 3 n R n U n R n R 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 2 Pr od uc tio n of fe rr ou s an d no n fe rr ou s m et al s 13 ,4 35 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 13 3, 38 4 (N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 133 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Category Sub-category Class C at eg or ie s of s ou rc es Po te nt ia l d ire ct io n of e m is si on s (m g TE /to ns ) Pr od uc tio n to ns / ye ar Em is si on s pe r y ea r ( g TE / ye ar ) A ir W at er So il A sh y du st Sl ag A ir W at er So il Fo od st uf f R e m ai n de rs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 PR O D U C TI O N O F EL EC TR IC IT Y A N D T H ER M A L EN ER G Y a Э ле кт ро ст ан ци и на и ск оп ае м ом т оп ли ве 0, 00 8 0 0 0 0, 1 1 E le ct ric p ow er s ta tio ns , u si ng fo ss il fu el 35 n U n U n U n R 0, 00 0 2 E ne rg y bo ile rs o n fo ss il fu el + w as te s 1, 2 n U n U n U 14 3 80 0 0, 00 5 0, 1 3 E ne rg y bo ile rs o n co al 0, 17 8 n U n U n U n R 4 90 3 0, 00 1 4 E ne rg y bo ile r o n he av y oi l f ue l ( bl ac k oi l) 0, 02 85 n U n U n U n R 56 8 13 0, 00 2 b En er gy b oi le rs o n pe tr ol eu m fu el / na tu ra l ga s n U n U n U 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0, 0 1 E le ct ric p ow er s ta tio n on b io fu el 50 0 n U n U n U n R 0, 00 0 2 1. E ne rg y bo ile rs n ot o n w oo d 50 n U n U n U 15 0, 00 0 0, 0 c 2. E ne rg y bo ile rs o n w oo d n U n U n U 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0, 0 1 C om bu st io n of w as te s of th e or ga ni c or ig in , bi o ga se s 8 n U n U n U n U 0, 00 0 d En er gy b oi le r o n bi o ga se s, m ot or s/ tu rb in es a nd to rc he s n U n U n U 12 ,3 83 0 0 0 86 ,1 1 H ea tin g of h ou se s an d co ok in g (b io fu el ) 1 50 0 n U n U n U 2 00 0 0, 00 0 0, 0 2 Fu rn ac es o n co nt am in at ed w oo ds / bi o fu el 2, 9 n U n U n U 20 4 30 3 00 2 12 ,4 79 86 ,1 e Fu rn ac es o n no t-c on ta m in at ed w oo ds / bi o fu el n U n U n U n g TE /k g as he s 0, 04 3 0 0 0 6, 0 1 H ea tin g of h ou se s – Fo ss il fu el 2, 1 n U n U n U 5 00 0 1 20 0 0, 00 3 6, 0 2 Fu rn ac e on c oa l 0, 29 n U n U n U n R 0, 00 0 3 Fu rn ac es o n pe tro le um fu el o il 0, 04 4 n U n U n U n R 90 8 61 0 0, 04 0 0, 00 0 3 Pr od uc tio n of e le ct ric p ow er a nd th er m al en er gy 12 ,5 30 0 0 0 91 ,5 (N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 134 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Category Sub-category Class C at eg or ie s of s ou rc es Po te nt ia l d ire ct io n of e m is si on s (m g TE /to ns ) Pr od uc tio n to ns / ye ar Em is si on s pe r y ea r ( g TE / ye ar ) A ir W at er So il A sh y du st Sl ag A ir W at er So il Fo od st uf f R e m ai n de rs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4 PR O D U C TI O N O F C O M M O D IT IE S FR O M M IN ER A L R AW M AT ER IA LS a C em en t f ur na ce s 19 3 60 0 0, 11 6 0 0 0 0, 01 9 1 W et m ix p ro ce ss , t em pe ra tu re o f e le ct ric fi lte r >3 00 °C 5 n U n R n R 1 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 2 W et m ix p ro ce ss , t em pe ra tu re o f e le ct ric fi lte r 20 0 30 0 °C 0, 6 n U n R n R 0, 1 19 3 60 0 0, 11 6 0, 01 9 3 W et m ix p ro ce ss , t em pe ra tu re o f e le ct ric fi lte r <2 00 ° C + a ll ty pe s of d ry p ro ce ss 0, 15 n U n R n R 0, 00 3 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 b Li m e pr od uc tio n n R n R 0 0 0 0 1 C yc lo ne o r l ac k of d us t c on tro l 10 n R n R n R n R 60 9 13 0, 60 9 2 G oo d du st c on tro l 0, 07 n R n R n R n R 0, 00 0 c B ric ks p ro du ct io n n R n R 98 2 05 0, 02 0 0 0 0 0 1 C yc lo ne o r l ac k of d us t c on tro l 0, 2 n U n R n R n R 98 2 05 0, 02 0 2 G oo d du st c on tro l 0, 02 n U n R n R n R 0, 00 0 d G la ss p ro du ct io n n U n R n R 21 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 C yc lo ne o r l ac k of d us t c on tro l 0, 2 n U n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 G oo d du st c on tro l 0, 01 5 n U n R n R n R 21 0, 00 0 e C er am ic s pr od uc tio n n U n R n R 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 C yc lo ne o r l ac k of d us t c on tro l 0, 2 n U n R n R n R 0, 00 0 2 G oo d du st c on tro l 0, 02 n U n R n R n R 0, 00 0 f Pr ep ar at io n of a sp ha lts b le nd s n U n R n R 13 0 47 1 0, 00 5 0 0 0 0, 00 5 1 E nt er pr is es w ith ou t g as p ur ifi ca tio n 0, 07 n U n R n R n R 50 0 00 0, 00 4 2 E nt er pr is es w ith c lo th fi lte rs , w et w as he r 0, 00 7 n U n R n R 0, 06 80 4 71 0, 00 1 0, 00 5 4 Pr od uc tio n of c om m od iti es fr om m in er al ra w m at er ia ls 0, 75 0 0 0 0 0, 02 4 ( N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 135 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Category Sub-category Class C at eg or ie s of s ou rc es Po te nt ia l d ire ct io n of e m is si on s (m g TE /to ns ) Pr od uc tio n to ns / ye ar Em is si on s pe r y ea r ( g TE / ye ar ) A ir W at er So il A sh y du st Sl ag A ir W at er So il Fo od st uf f R e m ai n de rs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 TR A N SP O R T a Fo ur c yc le e ng in e 0, 31 1 0 0 0 0 1 D ie se l f ue l 2, 2 n U n U n U n R 14 0 37 2 0, 30 9 2 N on d ie se l f ue l w ith ou t c at al ys t 0, 1 n U n U n U n R 15 5 97 0, 00 2 3 N on d ie se l f ue l w ith c at al ys t 0, 00 n U n U n U n U 0, 00 0 b Tw o cy cl e en gi ne 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 1 D ie se l f ue l 3, 5 n U n U n U n R 0, 00 0 2 N on d ie se l f ue l w ith ou t c at al ys t 2, 5 n U n U n U n R 0, 00 0 c D ie se l e ng in es 18 0 50 0 0, 09 0 0 0 0 0 1 D ie se l e ng in es 0, 5 n U n U n U n R 18 0 50 0 0, 09 0 d H ea vy o il fu el 0 0, 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 A ll ty pe s 4 n U n U n U n R 0, 00 0 Tr an sp or t 0, 40 1 0 0 0 0 ( N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 136 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 Category Sub-category Class C at eg or ie s of s ou rc es Po te nt ia l d ire ct io n of e m is si on s (m g TE /to ns ) Pr od uc tio n to ns / ye ar Em is si on s pe r y ea r ( g TE / ye ar ) A ir W at er So il A sh y du st Sl ag A ir W at er So il Fo od st uf f R e m ai n de rs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 6 U N C O N TR O LL ED C O M B U ST IO N P R O C ES SE S a Fi re s / c om bu st io n of b io m as s 0 0, 00 0 0 0, 00 0 0 0 1 Fo re st fi re s 5 n R 4 n U n R 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 2 G ra ss la nd fi re s 5 n R 4 n U n R 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 3 C om bu st io n of a gr ic ul tu ra l r es id ua ls in th e fie ld 30 n R 10 n U n R 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 b Fi re s, b ur ni ng o f w as te s, fi re d on th e du m ps , fi re s in in du st ria l e nt er pr is es , ac ci de nt al fi re s 12 7 98 3, 96 6 0 0, 00 0 0 7, 42 4 1 Fi re s on th e du m ps 10 00 n R n U n U n R 0, 00 0 2 A cc id en ta l fi re s in b ui ld in gs (p er o ne a cc id en t) 40 0 n R s ee re m ai nd er s n U 40 0 1 27 2 0, 50 9 0, 50 9 3 U nc on tro lle d co m bu st io n of m un ic ip al w as te s 30 0 n R s ee re m ai nd er s n U 60 0 11 5 26 3, 45 8 6, 91 5 4 A cc id en ta l fi re s in tr an sp or t m ea ns 94 n R s ee re m ai nd er s n U 18 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 5 O pe n ai r b ur ni ng o f w oo ds (b y bu ild in g / de co ns tru ct io n of b ui ld in gs ) 60 n R n R n U 10 0, 00 0 0, 00 0 6 U nc on tr ol le d co m bu st io n pr oc es se s 3, 96 6 0 0, 00 0 0 7, 42 4 (N R N ot re ve al ed ; N U N ot u se d) Annex А7 137 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007 C at eg or y Su b ca te go ry C la ss A ir W at er So il Fo od st uf fs R em ai n de rs "x " sp ec ifi es th e ne ce ss ity fo r c on du ct in g of s pe ci al lo ca l r es ea rc h 10 R Ev EL AT IO N O F “H O T SP O TS ” a P la ce s 1 C hl or op he no l a nd d er iv at iv e of P C P 2 O th er o rg an oc hl or ic c om po un ds b P la ce s of c hl or in e pr od uc tio n 1 w ith g ra ph ite e le ct ro de 2 w ith ou t g ra ph ite e le ct ro de x x c P re pa ra tio n of p re sc rib ed b le nd s of c hl or in at ed p es tic id es x x d P la ce s of u se p es tic id es , c on ta m in at ed w ith d io xi ns x e P la ce s of w oo d pr od uc tio n 1 w ith u se o f P C P a nd o th er d io xi n co nt ai ni ng p re se rv at iv es f P C B c on ta in in g eq ui pm en t 1 w ith le ak ag e x x 2 w ith ou t l ea ka ge x x g D um ps o f w as te s / r em ai nd er s in c at eg or ie s 1 9 x x h P la ce s of a cc id en ts x x g E xc av at io n of g ro un d (d re dg in g w or ks ) x x Annex А7 138 N at io na l i m pl em en ta tio n pl an o n re al iz at io n of s to ck ho lm c on ve nt io n on p er si st en t o rg an ic p ol lu ta nt s in th e re pu bl ic o f T aj ik is ta n 2007