Updating the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Suriname (NBSAP Project)

1.1 Biodiversity ..........................................................................................................................11

1.2 Our relationship with nature and biodiversity ...........................................................................11

1.3 Updating Suriname’s NBSAP ..................................................................................................12

1.4 Structure and content of the strategy .....................................................................................13 2 National context and vision .........................................................................................................15

2.1 Biodiversity context in Suriname ............................................................................................15

2.2 Vision statement and guiding principles ..................................................................................23 3 Strategic pathways and targets....................................................................................................25

3.1 Pathway 1: Conservation of Biodiversity .................................................................................29

3.2 Pathway 2: Sustainable use of biodiversity ..............................................................................30

3.3 Pathway 3: Fair and equitable benefit sharing .........................................................................32

3.4 Pathway 4: Mainstreaming and enabling conditions ..................................................................34 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................39 Annex ..........................................................................................................................................42 A. Technical working group prioritization of targets ................................................................42 2 Foreword As the Minister of Spatial Planning and Environment, I am honored to present Suriname's updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) for 2024-2035. This comprehensive framework reaffirms our unwavering commitment to safeguarding our nation's exceptional biodiversity, ensuring its sustainable use, and fostering equitable access and benefit-sharing for all Surinamese citizens. Suriname, as the world's most forested nation, bears a unique responsibility to protect its diverse ecosystems and the invaluable services they provide. Our updated NBSAP is a testament to our dedication to fulfilling this responsibility. It outlines a clear roadmap for navigating the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, ensuring that our rich natural heritage continues to thrive for generations to come. This updated NBSAP is the result of extensive collaboration and consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, including government agencies, indigenous and tribal communities, civil society organizations, and the private sector. Their invaluable input has enriched this document, ensuring that it reflects the diverse perspectives and priorities of our nation. The NBSAP is structured around four strategic pathways: Conservation of Biodiversity, Sustainable Use of Biodiversity, Fair and Equitable Benefit Sharing, and Mainstreaming and Enabling Conditions. Each pathway is further elaborated through specific targets and actions, providing a comprehensive framework for achieving our national biodiversity goals. We recognize that the successful implementation of this NBSAP requires a concerted effort from all sectors of society. We call upon all stakeholders to join us in this endeavor, working together to protect and sustainably manage our nation's biodiversity for the benefit of present and future generations. I am confident that this updated NBSAP will serve as a guiding light for Suriname's journey towards a sustainable and prosperous future, where biodiversity is valued, conserved, and sustainably utilized for the well-being of all. Sincerely, M. Dasai PhD. Minister of Spatial Planning and Environment Suriname 3 Executive summary As part of the Guiana Shield, the area roughly between the Orinoco and the Amazon Rivers in North- Eastern South America, Suriname’s tropical rainforest is part of one of the few remaining large intact forest areas and part of the Amazon biome. Lying at the coast of North-East South America, Suriname also has a marine territory (Exclusive Economic Zone) extending up to 345 sea miles northward from the coast. Suriname is home to a diverse range of largely intact ecosystems, from the estuarine zone with mangroves and marine turtle nesting beaches along the coast, to the highland tropical rainforests. As such, Suriname boasts a rich diversity of species, with natural ecosystems still containing the various species that are essential for their functioning and maintenance. There is also very likely a high diversity in genetic resources due to the spread of populations across the bio-geographic region with its many isolated river systems, savannah’s and forested hills and inselbergs. Suriname also has a rich cultural diversity as a consequence of the influx of people from various parts of the world during and after the colonial period. Even before this immigration, indigenous men and women were already living in different parts of the country, with their own local knowledge systems and worldviews. The important role that women in indigenous, tribal and other communities play in biodiversity stewardship, through agro-biodiversity innovation, experimentation and transfer of knowledge should not be underestimated. Thanks to a small population compared to Suriname’s surface area, limited industrialization and agriculture development, and the establishment of legislation for protected areas in the early 1960’s-1990’s, Suriname’s terrestrial and marine ecosystems are still largely intact. Despite the relatively low pressures overall, there are impacts on and threats to biodiversity on (sub-)national level from the conversion and degradation of natural areas (habitats) and from overexploitation. Suriname ratified the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) in 1996 and developed its first NBSAP in 2006-2012. Suriname produced its first NBSAP in 2006 (NBS) and 2011 (NBAP) respectively. The main lessons learned from the first NBSAP are that the strategy was not well enough integrated in national planning and policies and that there was no adequate monitoring system in place to track progress. In addition, there was no clear gender mainstreaming, and a lack of ownership and collaboration resulted in a lack of collective efforts. In part due to limited financing and institutional capacity, the degree of implementation of the first NBSAP was generally low. Recognizing the interdependency between society, economy and biodiversity, currently Suriname is at a turning point where an opportunity presents itself to integrate structural solutions to pressing social- economic development needs with the sustainable management, conservation and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from biodiversity. In the past 11-17 years, there have been considerable changes at national and international level. In the latter case, the most significant and recent change is the adoption of the GBF. At national level there have been changes in the legal, institutional and policy arrangements, and natural resource-based economic development has intensified (e.g. gold mining, timber extraction and fisheries) since the first NBSAP. The aim with updating the NBS was to revise it in such a way that it reflects the changed national and international context, the views of national rights- and stakeholders and aligns with the GBF. It is essential that the implementation of the NBS in the coming years provides clear entry points for mainstreaming biodiversity targets and national socio-economic priorities, responding to development needs. The process of updating the NBSAP involved a desk review on changes in the national and international context since the previous NBS was developed. In addition, input of rights- and stakeholders was gathered through an inception workshop, technical workshops in a smaller setting and through virtual meetings with a broad group of stakeholders on, e.g., the strategic pathways and targets, the implementation status of the previous NBAP, ongoing or planned activities, and priority actions to include in the updated NBAP. The updated NBS is set within a 10-year framework: 2024-2035, consisting of four strategic pathways which are in turn elaborated through specific targets, and actions in the NBAP. The document is structured in 3 sections, providing the national context, 2035 vision and guiding principles (section 2), the strategic pathways and targets (section 3) and the implementation framework (section 4). Reflecting Suriname’s commitment to sustainably manage and conserve its rich and functionally intact biodiversity, acknowledging its interdependent relationship with nature and recognizing the diverse worldviews and knowledge systems: 4 By 2035, Suriname followed through on the national commitments, presented in its updated NBSAP to value and conserve its diverse natural and cultural heritage, including traditional knowledge, for present and future generations, by protecting, sustainably using and restoring Suriname’s biodiversity in all sectors on land and in sea, and enhancing benefits from healthy ecosystems for all of society. The principles that guide the effective and ethical implementation of actions that will contribute to realizing this vision are: ● Healthy and resilient ecosystems ● Ecosystem services and benefits ● Fair and equitable sharing of benefits ● Mainstreaming in national priorities ● Enabling conditions ● Human rights based approach ● Gender mainstreaming ● Inclusiveness ● Research and data collection ● Coherence with the nationally determined climate contributions and the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs Four pathways lead to achieving Suriname’s national biodiversity vision. The first three pathways are aligned with the first three goals of the previous NBS and the three UNCBD objectives: the i) conservation- and ii) sustainable use of biodiversity and iii) fair access and equitable benefit sharing from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. The fourth pathway brings together the remaining five goals described in Suriname’s previous NBS, which is cross-cutting and supportive in character toward the other three pathways. The pathways set out in the NBSAP comprise of strategic targets, for which actions to achieve the targets are formulated in the updated NBAP. Strategic pathways Strategic targets 1.1 Increased area % under protection 1 Conservation of Biodiversity 1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation 1.3 Protection of endangered species 1.4 Reduced risks of invasive species 2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea zoning 2.2 Reduced pollution 2 Sustainable use of Biodiversity 2.3 Sustainable land- and sea use practices 2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions 2.5 Policies for sustainable business practices

3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples knowledge and 3 Fair and equitable sharing of rights benefits from the use of genetic 3.2 Self-protection of traditional knowledge resources and traditional knowledge

3.3 Fair and equitable benefit sharing mechanisms 4.1 Strengthened capacities 4.2 Available financial resources 4 Mainstreaming and 4.3 Improved education and awareness Implementation 4.4 Scientific research and data collection 4.5 Climate change and biodiversity synergies 5 Strategic pathways Strategic targets 4.6 National biodiversity integration 4.7 Inclusive participation and gender equality

4.8 SDGs and biodiversity synergies As the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development has a similar timeframe as the GBF and contains sustainable development goals that are relevant for biodiversity, it is important to consider the linkages between biodiversity and sustainable development in a holistic way With regard to implementation of the updated NBSAP, a key starting point during the development and implementation of the updated NBSAP is mainstreaming: namely by putting emphasis on the integration of biodiversity and economic sectors from both sides. This implies that, while the NBSAP incorporates national socio-economic priorities as stated in national and sectoral policy documents, it is important that future development of national and sectoral policies also explicitly incorporate the relevant actions formulated in the NBSAP. The mobilization of financial resources, the assessment of capacity needs and the communication and outreach on the updated NBSAP is not included in the NBSAP at this stage, but is expected to be implemented in phase 2 of the Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment’s project for updating Suriname’s NBSAP. 6 Glossary of terms Access and benefit sharing – The way in which genetic resources may be accessed, and how users and providers, e.g. holders of traditional knowledge, reach agreement on the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits that might result from their use. Biophysical environment – The biological (living) and physical (non-living) elements of the natural environment Climate Change – A change in the interacting rainfall, temperature, wind and clouds (i.e. climate) system occurring over a long period of time, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Co-management (of protected areas) - The sharing of authority, responsibility, and benefits between government and local communities in the management of natural resources. Conservation – The management of human use of nature so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to current generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations. Ecosystem – A dynamic complex of interacting plants, animals and micro-organisms and their non-living environment that form a functional unit. Ecosystem diversity – The variety of habitats, biotic communities, and ecological processes, as well as the tremendous diversity present within ecosystems in terms of habitat differences and the variety of ecological processes. Ecosystem services – The ecosystem and physical processes by which the environment produces direct (such as food provision) and indirect (such as maintenance of the water cycle by trees) benefits for humans. El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation – El Niño and La Niña are the warm and cool phases of a recurring climate pattern across the tropical Pacific. The pattern shifts back and forth irregularly every two to seven years, bringing predictable shifts in ocean surface temperature and disrupting the wind and rainfall patterns across the tropics. Free, prior and informed consent – Consent for projects or activities is free, given voluntarily and without coercion, intimidation or manipulation, through a self-determined process by the community. The consent is sought through culturally sensitive engagement and types of information provided sufficiently in advance of any authorization and unaffected by externally imposed timelines. Consent is given as a collective decision made by the right holders and reached through a customary decision-making processes. Gender – The societal perception of the roles of men and women and the social construct of the differences between them. Differences and relationships depend on the place, the situation, the context and the period, and are influenced by cultural, ecological, historical and political factors. Genetic diversity – The variety of genetic information contained in all of the individual plants, animals and micro-organisms. Genetic diversity occurs within and between populations of species as well as between species. Greenhouse gasses – Gasses that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, contributing to the atmospheric greenhouse effect of the Earth. Greenhouse gasses can originate from natural sources and human activities. Grievance redress – Organizational systems and resources established by national government agencies (or, as appropriate, by other agencies) to receive and address concerns about the impact of policies, programs and activities on rights- and stakeholders. Grievance redress mechanisms act as recourse for 7 situations in which, despite proactive stakeholder engagement, some rights- or stakeholders have a concern about a project or program’s potential impacts on them. Not all complaints should be handled through a grievance redress mechanism. For example, grievances that allege corruption, coercion, or major and systematic violations of rights and/or policies. Habitat – The place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs. Human Rights based approach – An approach to the development and implementation of programmes or projects that respects, protects and fulfills human rights, analyzing and addressing the inequalities, discriminatory practices and unjust power relations. Such an approach is based on standards and principles of human rights, such as the right to education, labor, free speech, access to justice and to information, and includes rights holders such as women, children and indigenous people as active agents of change. Invasive species – Invasive species are those that are introduced—intentionally or unintentionally—to an ecosystem in which they do not naturally appear and which threaten habitats, ecosystems, or native species. These species become invasive due to their high reproduction rates and by competing with and displacing native species, that naturally appear in that ecosystem. Overexploitation – Overexploitation occurs when harvesting of specimens of flora and fauna species from the wild is out of balance with reproduction patterns and, as a consequence, species may become extinct. Overexploitation is related to the maximum number of people, or individuals of a particular species, that a an ecosystem can maintain indefinitely. Resilience of ecosystems – The capacity of ecosystems to absorb the impact of shocks or disturbances, e.g. from human activities, by maintaining or recovering critical ecosystem functions. Restoration and rehabilitation – The return of an ecosystem or habitat to its original community structure, natural composition of species, and natural functions. Rehabilitation concerns the recovery of specific ecosystem services in a degraded ecosystem or habitat. Rights and stakeholders – Stakeholders are persons, groups, or institutions with an interest in a project or the ability to influence the project outcomes, either positively or negatively. Stakeholders may also be directly or indirectly affected by a project or activity. Rights holders, in this context referring to indigenous and tribal communities, have particular entitlements, such as the right to their traditional living territory, in relation to duty bearers, such as the government. Species diversity – The variety of living species. Sustainable use - The use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations. Traditional (ecological) knowledge – The traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Trade-offs – In this context referring to situations when a perceived beneficial change for the economy is linked to a detrimental change for the environment, or when a beneficial change for the environment forgoes a perceived benefit or opportunity for the economy. Transboundary – Referring to the movement or having effect across a boundary. 8 List of abbreviations CSNR Central Suriname Nature Reserve EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative ENSO El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation FPIC Free Prior and Informed Consent GBF Global Biodiversity Framework MUMA Multiple Use Management Area NBS National Biodiversity Strategy NBAP National Biodiversity Action Plan NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan REDD+ Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, and the enhanced conservation, sustainable management and reforestation SDGs Sustainable Development Goals UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity VBGSS Vereniging voor Biodiversiteit in het Guianaschild Suriname (Association for Biodiversity in the Guiana Shield Suriname) 9 Suriname updated National Biodiversity Strategy 2024 - 2035 10 1 Introduction Based on its ratio of forest to population and land area, Suriname is the most forested country in the world, and as part of the Amazon biome has a rich, complex biodiversity. For conserving and sustainably using biodiversity, and accessing and sharing benefits from the utilization of genetic resources in an equitable way, Suriname ratified the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) in 1996. Suriname was already committed to protecting biodiversity through its national nature conservation legislation, well before ratifying the UNCDB. By developing a first National Biodiversity Strategy and National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBS and NBAP) in 2006-2011, Suriname further elaborated specific actions and measures to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and manage its benefits, as well as made an attempt to mainstream this in the context of its national development. In the past five years, a long overdue breakthrough was the adoption of the Suriname Environmental Framework Act. The period after 2007-8, was a difficult one economically for Suriname1. Addressing the pressing social-economic circumstances in Suriname was reflected in the increased production and export of gold, granting of mining concessions and the production of roundwood during that time 2, with negative consequences for the environment, biodiversity and human health and security, especially of exposed indigenous and tribal peoples. The last 3-5 years are again marked by a dramatic deterioration of the country’s national financial- and economic situation1. Recognizing the interdependency between society, economy and biodiversity, currently Suriname is at a turning point where an opportunity presents itself to integrate structural solutions to pressing social-economic development needs with the sustainable management, conservation and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from biodiversity. The present undertaking is to update Suriname’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), which establishes the national vision, strategic pathways and targets to be pursued in order to conserve the nation’s biodiversity, ensure its sustainable use and fair access and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. The NBSAP also represents a commitment of Suriname to implement policies and actions that are mainstreamed with national sustainable development priorities and aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF).

1.1 Biodiversity Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, refers to the variety of all forms of life in Suriname and the whole earth. This includes different plants, animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems that they form through their complex interdependencies and interactive processes. Biodiversity also includes diversity within species through the different genes individuals or populations may contain. This grand diversity of life forms is the dynamic result of the continuous process of evolution. Biodiversity increases when new genetic variation is produced, new species develop, novel ecosystems are formed or existing ones become more complex. It decreases when genetic variation within a species decreases, species become extinct or ecosystem complexes are lost. Biodiversity can thus be considered at three different levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is what underlies the resilience of ecosystems: the capacity of ecosystems to absorb the impact of shocks or disturbances, e.g. from human activities, by maintaining or recovering critical ecosystem functions. The richer an ecosystem’s biodiversity, the more complex interactions between the constituent species become, and the more resilient it becomes, in other words: the ‘healthier’ it is.

1.2 Our relationship with nature and biodiversity Nature, the biophysical, non man-made world around us comprising of biodiversity, not only supports ecosystems’ vital functions, but also our economies and wellbeing. It is undeniable that humans and nature are inseparably linked. Our quality of life highly depends on nature, ecosystems and the various ecosystem services they provide. Ecosystem services are contributions from nature helping humans to achieve food- and water security, support livelihoods at all levels, and stay healthy, both physically and mentally. Nature supplies: i) Material ecosystem services such as food, water, fiber, energy, construction materials, medicinal resources; this is important for livelihoods and energy security. 1 World Bank (2023). National accounts data Suriname. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=SR. Accessed 30 March 2023 2 General Bureau of Statistics (2012). 5 th Environmental Statistics publication. Paramaribo, Suriname 11 ii) Regulating ecosystem services such as soil quality maintenance, pollination and seed dispersal, regulation of the climate and hydrological systems; this strongly affects human health, food- and water security. iii) Non-material ecosystem services, such as providing opportunities for learning-, inspiring-, recreational-, religious-, spiritual-, social cohesion- or healing experiences; this is important for maintaining local livelihoods, ways of life and mental health. Biodiversity underpins nature and is thus embedded in ecosystem services that provide benefits to our wellbeing and quality of life. The perception of these benefits and how biodiversity is used and managed, depends on different worldviews, value- and knowledge systems from e.g. industry, governments and communities. Some worldviews show close connections with nature, sometimes perceiving it as an entity on its own, such as those of indigenous and tribal communities. Their worldviews enabled them to respect and learn from nature, and develop local ecological knowledge over the course of hundreds of years. In the Amazon for example, major indigenous knowledge systems and management practices have contributed for centuries to conserving and enhancing biodiversity.3 Despite this history of biodiversity stewardship, indigenous and tribal peoples in the Amazon and elsewhere around the world are facing problems such as infringement of their land tenure rights and land-use change and degradation. In addition, the decoupling of traditional lifestyles and knowledge from nature as a consequence of the increasing influence of market economies and globalization threatens cultural continuity. Perceptions of benefits and thus the importance and use of biodiversity also differs based on gender, which concerns women’s and men’s issues and the relationship between them. Women and men use the resources and interact with their environmental setting differently, and are also involved in nature management in different ways. The latter is also closely related to age, social class and culture. For example, when it comes to agriculture, livestock, fisheries or water management, women and men may carry out different activities, have unequal access to different resources or income generating opportunities, thus benefiting from their use in a non-equitable manner. Looking at biodiversity, ecosystem services and the benefits derived from them through a gender lens, it is necessary to understand the different relationships held by women and men in relation to their environment, resources and benefits. It also allows to distinguish the unique knowledge, skills and experiences women and men have that are important for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Men and women continuously interact with nature and biodiversity, e.g. through policy decisions on groundwater extraction, through business practices e.g. in the mining and agriculture sector, and through consumer choices, e.g. on packaged goods and cosmetic products. All of this directly or indirectly affects nature’s ability to provide ecosystem services and could in turn lead to negative impacts on our health, livelihoods, economies and other dimensions of a good quality of life. However, the decisions we take as policy-makers, business owners and consumers can also help to sustainably use biodiversity and maintain ecosystem resilience, for example by protecting an upstream watershed, incorporating sustainable or regenerative agriculture practices and making nature-conscious consumption choices.

1.3 Updating Suriname’s NBSAP Suriname produced its first NBSAP in 2006 (NBS) and 2011 (NBAP) respectively. At the time of the first NBSAP formulation, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets were not yet adopted by the UNCBD Conference of the Parties. The main lessons learned from the first NBSAP are that the strategy was not well enough integrated in national planning and policies and there was no adequate monitoring system in place to track progress. In addition, there was no clear gender mainstreaming and a lack of ownership and collaboration resulted in a lack of collective efforts. In part due to limited financing and institutional capacity, the degree of implementation of the first NBSAP was generally low. Nevertheless, it provides a foothold to learn from and build-upon. Therefore, based on a brief evaluation done in 2018 4, the main recommendations taken for updating the NBSAP include: ● Using a national approach, based on extensive stakeholder engagement, in particular the main national planning bodies 3 IPBES, (2018).The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the Americas. Rice, J., Seixas, C. S.,Zaccagnini, M. E., Bedoya-Gaitan, M., and Valderrama N. (eds.) 4 Government of Suriname, (unknown date). Analyses and Recommendations for the Development of a Biodiversity Action Plan 2018-2020. 12 ● Integrating NBSAP targets and national development priorities, including alignment in sectoral plans ● Incorporating the role that women and men play in conserving biodiversity and mainstreaming gender aspects ● Integrating or aligning the NBSAP targets and actions with those of the GBF. ● Developing an efficient monitoring and evaluation framework for the NBSAP implementation and reporting A significant amount of time has passed since the previous NBSAP. In the past 11-17 years, there have been considerable changes at national and international level. In the latter case, the most significant and recent change is the adoption of the GBF. At national level there have been changes in the legal, institutional and policy arrangements, and natural resource-based economic development has intensified (e.g. gold mining, timber extraction and fisheries) since the first NBSAP. It is, for example, expected that the extractive industry will remain important and the offshore oil and gas sector will be further developed in the coming years. Given the country’s dire financial- and economic situation at the time of updating the NBSAP, it can be expected that policies and nationally available resources will strongly focus on plans that will improve the social-economic situation5, increasing potential risks for economy-biodiversity trade-offs. In this context, it was essential that the updated NBS provides clear entry points for mainstreaming biodiversity targets and national socio-economic priorities, responding to development needs. Furthermore, the aim with updating the NBS is to revise it in such a way that it reflects the changed national and international context, the views of national rights- and stakeholders and aligns with the GBF. This includes ensuring that practices carried out by women and men and biodiversity-related issues important to them do not fall beyond the scope of the actions in the NBAP. Mainstreaming gender in the NBSAP is necessary to ensure that, where women or men are in a disadvantaged position, strategies, actions and policies contribute to, and not negatively impact, gender equality and equity. It also provides an opportunity to include (biodiversity-related) gender issues at the national level. The process of updating the NBSAP involved a desk review on changes in the national and international context since the previous NBS was developed. In addition, input of rights- and stakeholders was gathered through an inception workshop, technical workshops in a smaller setting and through virtual meetings with a broad group of stakeholders on, e.g., the strategic pathways and targets, the implementation status of the previous NBAP, ongoing or planned activities, and priority actions to include in the updated NBAP. The various meetings also facilitated the further incorporation of detailed information regarding the context, status and trends of biodiversity in Suriname. Since the current documents are an update from the previous NBSAP, the core elements, such as the national vision, guiding principles, strategic pathways, targets and actions are updated taking the text from the previous NBSAP as a starting point. Updates are based on new insights from the changed national and international institutional- and biodiversity context, insights from recent literature and aspects important to incorporate (e.g. gender), changes in social-economic circumstances with implications for biodiversity related issues, and findings from evaluations such as in the sixth National Report to the UNCBD. Furthermore, another consideration when updating the NBSAP was to develop a workable and feasible document, avoiding unnecessary complexity as much as possible.

1.4 Structure and content of the strategy The updated NBS is set within a 10-year framework consisting of four strategic pathways which are in turn elaborated through specific targets, and actions in the NBAP. The document is structured in 3 sections, providing the national context, 2035 vision and guiding principles (section 2), the strategic pathways and targets (section 3) and the implementation framework (section 4). Compared to the previous NBS, updates in each section of the current document relate to: • Section 2 – Additional information regarding the state and trends of biodiversity in Suriname, gender perspectives on biodiversity, linkages with climate change, and an overview of the relevant institutional context, an updated national vision and expansion of guiding principles. 5 Republic of Suriname (2021). Herstelplan 2020-2022: De basis voor economische groei en institutionele versterking. Ministry of Finance and Planning, 10 May 2021 13 • Section 3 – Transformation of eight ‘goals’ and over fifty ‘strategic directions’ from the previous NBS into four strategic pathways and twenty-two strategic targets. The previous NBS had seven goals and the 8th goal was added in the 2011 NBAP, where the description of the goals was also slightly adjusted as stated. The previous NBS contained strategic directions consisting of more than fifty bullet points, which were re-organized in the 2011 NBAP into 30 ‘subobjectives’ and subsequent actions. Three of the eight goals in the previous NBSAP are aligned with the three goals of the UNCBD and are similarly represented in the updated NBS by the first three strategic pathways on biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity, and for fair access and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. The other fiver goals, respectively on research and education, awareness raising, broad and inclusive participation, capacity building and adequate financing, which were slightly re-formulated in the previous NBAP, are currently brought together under the fourth strategic pathway in the updated NBS: ‘mainstreaming and enabling conditions’. The strategic pathways describe the circumstances and interventions required to achieve certain strategic targets and realize the national vision. The pathways elaborate in total 22 strategic targets, which translate to subsequent actions in the updated NBAP. The targets are all based on the content of the previous NBSAP (‘strategic directions’ or ‘subobjectives’), literature review and the new GBF. In particular the thirty subobjectives of the previous NBAP are all incorporated in the twenty-two strategic targets. In a few cases, a target has an overarching character of a certain issue that is covered by three separate, but related, subobjectives. In such cases, the specification is reflected on the actions level. Important considerations for the transformation of section 3 include the reorganization of many strategic directions in the previous NBS that were formulated as interventions, to the level of actions, rather than targets. Other considerations relate to specificity, measurability and feasibility of the 22 targets for monitoring, evaluation and reporting of implementation progress. Finally, it should be stated that careful consideration was given to ensure that the content from the previous NBS is included in the updated version, albeit perhaps at a different (sub)level. • Section 4 – Minor adjustments in the NBAP format based on the outline of section three, addition of a timeframe and highlighting of relevant synergies between targets, with climate action and the SDGs. Furthermore, a framework for monitoring and evaluation has been added, which was not included in the previous NBSAP. NBS (2006) NBAP (2011) NBS (2023) 1 Conservation 1 Conservation 1 Conservation 2 Sustainable use 2 Sustainable use 2 Sustainable use 3 Research & education 3 Regulated access and fair 3 Regulated access and fair and equitable benefit sharing and equitable benefit sharing 4 Access and fair and 4 Research & monitoring equitable benefit sharing 5 Institutional capacity 5 Capacity building strengthening 6 Raising awareness and 6 Education and communication empowerment through education 4 Mainstreaming and for awareness enabling conditions 7 Local and international cooperation 7 Local and regional participation 8 Sustainable financing Figure 1. Overview of transformation from eight biodiversity goals to four strategic pathways 14 2 National context and vision

2.1 Biodiversity context in Suriname As part of the Guiana Shield, the area roughly between the Orinoco and the Amazon rivers in North-East South America, Suriname’s tropical rainforest is part of one of the few remaining large intact forest areas and part of the Amazon biome. Lying at the coast of North-East South America, Suriname also has a marine territory (Exclusive Economic Zone) extending up to 345 sea miles northward from the coast. Suriname is home to a diverse range of largely intact ecosystems (Box 1), from the estuarine zone with mangroves and marine turtle nesting beaches along the coast, to the highland tropical rainforests. As such, Suriname boasts a rich diversity of species, with natural ecosystems still containing the various species that are essential for their functioning and maintenance. There is also very likely a high diversity in genetic resources due to the spread of populations across the bio-geographic region with its many isolated river systems, savannah’s and forested hills and inselbergs. Box 1. Overview of Suriname’s known biodiversity (sources: General Statistics Bureau, 2022; Dijn (ed), 2018; Green Heritage Fund Suriname, 2021, 2022) Ecosystems Marine zone (EEZ): marine ecosystems nearer and Zanderij (Savanna) belt (5% of total surface further from the shallow sea area, including possible area): coral reefs. • Riparian forests (also in interior) • Lower freshwater rivers • Savanna (whitesand, brownsand, clay) Estuarine zone (1% of total surface area): Brackish o Wet shrub savanna water ecosystems e.g. o Dry shrub savanna • Shallow sea and mudflats o Orchard savanna • River estuaries o Rock savanna • Mangrove forests • Savanna forest and mountain savanna • Marshes, lakes and swamps (hypersaline and forest brackish) • Sand and shell beaches Interior (82% of total surface area): • Rain forests, Coastal plain (13% of total surface area): • Rain forest creeks, • Freshwater swamp (herbaceous and forested) • Clear water rivers, • Marsh forests (also found in the Zanderij belt • River rapids • Upland ecosystems (up to 1250m) and the interior) • Clear water rivers (tidal lower reaches) Wildlife species (2021) o Sunfish • Flora: +/- 7906 species, among which cacti, o Various seabirds grasses, shrubs, trees, palms, lianas and vines, epiphytes, hemi-epiphytes, parasites and • Fresh- and brackish water fish species: +/- saprophytes 500 o Over 5100 vascular plant species, • Amphibians and reptiles: Over 200 • Fauna: +/- 2020 species, among which 196 • Birds: Over 700 (resident + migratory) mammals. • Endangered species: 123, of which 12 critically endangered • Known non-commercial marine species (limited • Near threatened/least endangered species: data): +/-3800 o Dolphins, at least 5 species • Protected animal species: 189 o Mantaray • Tree species protected against logging o Seaturtles, at least 5 species including the (2021): 7 Leatherback turtle • Animal species requiring CITES license for o Sharks, various species including the whale export: 165 Number of animals exported shark with CITES license in 2016-2021: +/- o Whales, e.g. sperm whale, false killer whale, 24,000 - 27,000 animals worth 6 million US Gervais beaked whale. dollars. 15 Protected areas • 11 Nature reserves (11.5% of total surface area) o 4 in brackish-freshwater Coastal Zone o 4 in freshwater Coastal Zone o 3 in the Interior • 2 Nature parks (public, private resp.) (0.09% of total surface area) • 4 Multiple Use Management Areas in the brackish-freshwater Coastal Zone (1.5% of total surface area) Suriname also has a rich cultural diversity as a consequence of the influx of people from various parts of the world during and after the colonial period. Even before this immigration, indigenous men and women were already living in different parts of the country, with their own local knowledge systems and worldviews. During the colonial period, part of these knowledge systems were shared and mixed with that of enslaved Africans and their descendants who escaped from the plantations and successfully established free communities deep in the forest interiors of Suriname. There are four indigenous tribes and six afro- descendent tribes in Suriname, each with their worldview, values and local ecological knowledge systems. Such knowledge systems have been used by them for centuries to wisely manage their territories and apply practices that have shaped landscapes. For example, indigenous and tribal knowledge systems play a key role in food production systems in the interior and conservation of domestic crop varieties. The traditional ecological knowledge and ways in which indigenous and tribal peoples manage their traditional territory is highly relevant for Suriname’s biodiversity with regard to conservation of natural habitats and the reduction of forest loss. The important role that women in indigenous, tribal and other communities play in biodiversity stewardship, through agro-biodiversity innovation, experimentation and transfer of knowledge should not be underestimated. At the local level, women are often in charge of the household and manage biodiversity to, for example, meet food and health needs, i.e. agriculture and traditional medicine. The traditional knowledge held by men and women differs, for example in the case of community midwives and male traditional healers. With the men in several local communities in the interior of Suriname increasingly needing to work away from the village to earn an income, and the slowly growing number of women in traditional leadership roles, it can be expected that women’s influence in the management of the territory, local biodiversity, agriculture and continuity of traditional knowledge will become even more important. To this date, women’s role in decision-making, conserving and sustainably managing biodiversity remains largely invisible due to the fact that, for example, women work in informal markets. Or due to the misconceptions that unpaid family- and household care related activities are not regarded as work, thereby not considering the contribution of related productive activities such as agriculture. At the national level, the socio-economic status of women is generally inferior to that of men, despite a ratio of close to one, of women to men in the Surinamese population and despite larger numbers of women than men enrolled in tertiary education.6,7 Women are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards or disasters and crises situations. Contributing factors range from the labor-intensive and time consuming combination of productive (income related) and reproductive (family and household care related) responsibilities, to the structural inequalities in access to jobs, financial resources and social capital. Suriname’s National Gender Vision Policy (2019) recognizes this and aims to reduce vulnerabilities of women, improve the visibility of women’s knowledge and role in biodiversity protection at the local level and ensure the effective participation of women in decision-making and policy and action plans at all levels. Thanks to a small population compared to Suriname’s surface area, limited industrialization and agriculture development, and the establishment of legislation for protected areas in the early 1960’s-1990’s, Suriname’s terrestrial and marine ecosystems are still largely intact. Despite the relatively low pressures overall, there are impacts on and threats to biodiversity on (sub-)national level from the conversion and degradation of natural areas (habitats) and from overexploitation. The main causes for this are mining, fishery in Suriname’s marine territory, agriculture and urbanization (especially in the coastal area), infrastructure and forestry. While agriculture is done at relatively small scale, the lack of recognition and promotion of alternative forms of agriculture such as agroforestry in laws and regulations hamper the 6 Ministry of Home Affairs, (2019). Gender Vision Policy Document 2021-2035. Bureau of Gender Affairs, June 2019, Paramaribo, Suriname 7 General Bureau of Statistics (2021). Selected statistics about women and men in Suriname 2021. Paramaribo, Suriname 16 sustainable increase of agricultural production. Currently, granted concessions for exploration and exploitation activities in the mining and forestry sectors cover about a fourth of Suriname’s land territory. 8 This is often a source of conflict when it concerns living areas of indigenous and tribal communities. Gold mining has been identified as the main driver of deforestation in Suriname.9 Artisanal and small scale gold mining are particularly destructive to local ecosystems. The release of sediments due to mining in rivers and in creeks increases the turbidity of the water and disturbs the flow of water. The use of hazardous materials also presents threats to animal species and humans. Mining is thus a significant threat to the health of forest- and aquatic ecosystems. Despite persisting inequalities between the situation of men and women, the living standard for both has generally increased in Suriname since the early 2000’s, which, in combination with national economic growth, has led to increased consumption, and by extension: pollution. Pollution from various sources, e.g. solid waste dumping, the use of pesticides in agriculture and mercury from gold mining and processing, which are currently not regulated, poses a serious threat to ecosystem health on land as well as in aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems. There is currently little data and no regular monitoring of sources and quantities of pollution from various sectors. There are some initiatives, such as research done in the South- East of Suriname on the effects of mercury on human and environmental health, which shows the gravity of impacts from mercury pollution in the gold mining sector. Furthermore, there are some pilot projects targeted at household waste piloting systems for bulky- and separated waste collection. However, a lack of data hampers the formulation of appropriate policies and subsequent integrated waste management plans, and keeps the extent of problems invisible. The use and consequences of fertilizer and pesticides in the agriculture sector, for example, requires more in-depth investigation and the development of alternatives. Overfishing is another symptom of increased consumption and exploitation in Suriname, and is the main cause of declining fish stocks and pressure on marine biodiversity. The populations of Southern Brown Shrimp, for example, have been depleted and failed to recover due to overfishing10. Around half of the species on the IUCN Red list of threatened species in Suriname are fish. The number of fishing permits in certain fishing categories exceeds the amount that has previously been indicated as a sustainable number, and destruction of breeding grounds and large bycatch due to unsustainable techniques pose a serious problem. A lack of control and enforcement creates conditions under which illegal fishing can flourish. The Fisheries Management Plan 2021-2025 has listed a number of policies and measures to address several of these issues. The significant problems in the fisheries sector are a threat to marine biodiversity and the future existence of the third largest economic sector, which depends on sustainable management of fish stocks. The expected exploitation of off-shore oil in Suriname’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) will increase the risks of marine biodiversity without appropriate protocols, standards and contingency capacities. Other current threats to biodiversity arise from poaching, illegal wildlife trade for aesthetic or medicinal purposes, and climate change. The hunting of jaguars and poaching of sea turtle eggs are a few of the issues receiving more national attention in recent years. Jaguars are illegally hunted for parts that are believed by some to have medicinal benefits. The number of Leatherback sea turtle nests has dropped drastically compared to twenty years ago (Figure 2). Habitat disturbance and destruction due to e.g. gold mining in the interior and sand mining in the coastal area, which can affect the dynamic geomorphology of the coast and thus the existence of nesting beaches, also contribute to these problems. While poaching mainly targets jaguars and sea turtles, wildlife trade for pets centers around birds, reptiles, monkeys and to some extent freshwater fish for aquaria. Foreign markets are supplied with a larger variety of animals than the local market. 8 SBB (2023). Foundation for Forest Management and Production Control. www.gonini.org, accessed 30 March 2023 9 NIMOS, SBB and UNIQUE (2017). Background study for REDD+ in Suriname: Multi-perspective analysis of drivers of deforestation, forest degradation and barriers to REDD+ activities. Paramaribo, Suriname. 10 De Dijn, B., (ed), (2018). Natural History and Ecology of Suriname. Final ch. WWF Guianas. LM Publishers, Volendam, The Netherlands 17 Figure 2. Number of Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nests (source: WWF, 2020a) There are also uncertain and indirect threats to biodiversity in Suriname. Climate change is an increasingly significant threat to ecosystems. In Suriname, predicted climate change effects include sea-level rise, reduced annual average rainfall, more extreme rainfall events, and increases in atmospheric and sea surface temperatures. In the past and recent years, climate variability and extremes due to local effects of the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have indicated the vulnerability of ecosystems and associated social- and economic systems. Along with issues such as a lack of human and technical capacity, financial resources, the availability of robust data, indirect threats to biodiversity also arise from outdated biodiversity-relevant national legislation and its enforcement. This is highly relevant when it comes to effective management of protected areas and the protection of endangered species, especially when activities such as logging and mining are encroaching protected areas. Another issue relates to the strong need for streamlining biodiversity policies and responsibilities among different institutions. Gathering insights for addressing such indirect threats and actively working on improved coordination can contribute to the mainstreaming of biodiversity in national social-economic development, e.g. for nature tourism, sound land-use planning, traditional and local ecological knowledge in the health sector, minimizing economy-ecosystem trade-offs and access and benefit sharing from the use of genetic resources. Suriname has taken steps to address some of these threats. Biodiversity related actions taken since the first NBSAP relevant for the strategic objectives it specified contributed among others to the following results and institutional set up (table 1): ● Endorsement and drafting of new laws in favor of biodiversity, e.g. the Maritime Zones Act, the Environmental Framework Act, the draft renewed nature conservation law, and the draft Coastal Protection Law ● Updating of coastal management plans ● Establishment of a National Land Monitoring System, including near real-time forest monitoring, and biennial production of national land use and land cover maps ● Four areas indicated as potential new protected areas ● Suriname has committed to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), which includes a environmental reporting requirement ● Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ● Development of national sectoral plans related to biodiversity, e.g. the Fisheries Management Plan, the Jaguar Action Plan, the national REDD+ Strategy ● National Mangrove Inventory and Monitoring In line with our status as the most forested country in the world, Suriname has an opportunity to pursue development that reflects interwoven biodiversity and socio-economic priorities. The transformation of land- and sea use sectors, such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries to be more sustainable can reduce their negative impacts on native-, especially endangered and protected, species while still contributing to social-economic prosperity. Traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous and tribal peoples will be important in the context of developing and upscaling lower-impact economic sectors, such as fair and 18 sustainable non-timber forest products value chains, including nature tourism. Finally, increasing serious talks about carbon credits for climate financing present new opportunities for biodiversity when climate- biodiversity co-benefits can be identified. Accessing biodiversity and other green financing through schemes such as payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting also present potential opportunities for Suriname. 19 Table 1. Overview of the current biodiversity-related institutional context in Suriname Biodiversity-related thematic areas Spatial Environmental Indigenous and Land planning Crosscutting/ Forest Mineral Nature Agriculture Marine territory, Gender, health and Tribal Peoples; Wildlife management and and green Data & research/ Management resources tourism , livestock fisheries SDG’s climate natural and protected areas infrastructur other change cultural heritage e Institutes Min. Land and Forest Management Min. - Min. Min. Agriculture, Min. Min. Spatial Planning and - Min. Regional - National - National Forest Service, Dep. of Nature Natural Transport, Livestock and Fisheries Internal Environment Development Planning Office Resources Conservation Communicati Affairs - National Institute for and Sports - Anton de Kom -Bauxite - Game wardens on and - Bureau Environment and - District University of Institute Suriname: - Foundation for Forest Production and Control Tourism Gender Development Suriname // Commissioners - - CELOS - National Affairs National Environmental - Min. Economic - Nationaal Geological Tourism Authority Affairs, Herbarium and Mining Min. Finance Authority Min. Home Min. Public Entrepreneurship, - Nationale Service - Customs Affairs Works Tech. Innovation: Zoologische (GMD) - National - Planning - Bureau Collectie Coastguard Service Intellectual Suriname - Min. - Dep. Property - Foundation International Public - Min. Education, National Rice Affairs, Green Science and Research Institute Culture: - National Internaitonal Space - Dep. Culture Statistics Bureau Min. Justice and Police Business Overlap with - Suriname Bureau - Police force Cooperation for Standards Min. GBB, Min. ROM, Min. NH National Legislation - Wet Wet - Natuur- - Mijnbouw Ontwerpwet Wet -Visstand -Steden- Milieu Ontwerpwet Economische Bosbeheer beschermingswet Decreet Toerisme Dieren- beschermings- bouwkundige Raamwet Collectieve Delicten (1992) wet (1961) (1954) (1986) Raamwet welzijn wet (1986) (2018) Rechten (2019- (1986…); -Zeevisserijwet - Besluit - Conceptwet -Conceptwet (2022) (2017) -Concept 2022) (1980; 2017) Negatieve Natuurbe- Mijnbouw Wet (2018) -Viskeuringswet Lijst scherming Ruimtelijke - Concept (2000) (2003,…) Planning (2018) Waterwett -Wet Maritieme - Jachtwet (2018- - Conceptwet en (?) Zones (2017) (1954, present) 2002) Bescherming kustgebied (2016) 20 Biodiversity-related thematic areas Spatial Environmental Indigenous and Land planning Crosscutting/ Forest Mineral Nature Agriculture Marine territory, Gender, health and Tribal Peoples; Wildlife management and and green Data & research/ Management resources tourism , livestock fisheries SDG’s climate natural and protected areas infrastructur other change cultural heritage e National Policies and Plans Jaguar Action - Interim - Integrated National - Nationaal - Pre- Fisheries Gender - Draft zoning - Nationally Plan (2022) Strategic Coastal Zone Action Plan Strategisch inventory Management Plan Vision standards Appropriate Action Plan Management Artisanal Toerisme & Survey (2014-2018) Policy Mitigation (2009-2013) Plan (2011) and Small- Plan (2018- Invasive Document Actions (2019) - National - Coastal Scale Gold 2030); Alien 2021-2035 - National Forest Policy Management Mining - Concept Species & Adaptation (2006) Plans Nationaal Nationale (2016; addendum Plan (2019) - Draft Code Bigi Pan, Noord Oil Spill standaard 2017) (2023) - Suriname’s of Practice Coronie, Noord Contingenc Toerisme - Second for Saramacca y Plan (2018) Nationaal Nationally sustainable (2016-2019) (2016) Master- Determined forestry plan voor Contribution (2011) Agrarisch (2020) - National e National REDD+ Ontwikke Biosafety Strategy ling Framework (2018) Suriname (2004) (2016) International Conventions and Treaties Convention Convention on Minamata Internati Convention on Agenda United Nations Convention for on Nature Convention onal the Prevention 2030 Convention on the Protection of International Amazon Protection and on Mercury Plant of Marine Biological the World Trade in Cooperation Wildlife (2018) Protectio Pollution by Diversity Cultural & Endangered Treaty Preservation in n Dumping of (UNCBD) Natural Heritage Species (1980) the Western Conventi Wastes and (1996) (UNESCO) (CITES) Hemisphere on Other Matter (1981) (1985) (1977) (1972) International RAMSAR Protocol to the United Nations Tropical Convention on Convention on Convention to Timber Wetlands of the Prevention Combat Agreement international of Marine Desertification (1998) importance, in Pollution by (UNCCD) particular as Dumping of (2000) habitat for Wastes and waterfowl (1985) Other Matter United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1997) 21 Biodiversity-related thematic areas Spatial Environmental Indigenous and Land planning Crosscutting/ Forest Mineral Nature Agriculture Marine territory, Gender, health and Tribal Peoples; Wildlife management and and green Data & research/ Management resources tourism , livestock fisheries SDG’s climate natural and protected areas infrastructur other change cultural heritage e Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015) Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundar y Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposals (2011) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2011) Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade (2000) 22

2.2 Vision statement and guiding principles Reflecting Suriname’s commitment to sustainably manage and conserve its rich and functionally intact biodiversity, acknowledging its interdependent relationship with nature and recognizing the diverse worldviews and knowledge systems: By 2035, Suriname followed through on the national commitments, presented in its updated NBSAP to value and conserve its diverse natural and cultural heritage, including traditional knowledge, for present and future generations, by protecting, sustainably using and restoring Suriname’s biodiversity in all sectors on land and in sea, and enhancing benefits from healthy ecosystems for all of society. Tegen 2035 heeft Suriname de in de updated NBSAP gepresenteerde nationale toezeggingen nagekomen om zijn diverse natuurlijke en culturele erfgoed, inclusief traditionele kennis, te waarderen en behouden voor huidige en toekomstige generaties, door de biodiversiteit van Suriname in alle sectoren op het land en in de zee te beschermen, duurzaam te gebruiken en te herstellen, en de voordelen van gezonde ecosystemen te bevorderen voor een ieder in de samenleving. The principles that guide the effective and ethical implementation of actions that will contribute to realizing this vision are: ● Healthy and resilient ecosystems – Suriname’s healthy, well-functioning marine, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems are vital to the health and wellbeing of society and have value in their own right as part of nationally and transboundary interconnected ecosystems. Maintaining healthy and resilient ecosystems will require addressing the causes and underlying drivers of biodiversity loss. ● Ecosystem services and benefits – Suriname’s expansive natural and semi-natural areas deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and benefits, contributing to a good quality of life for the people of Suriname in a material and non-material way. Making it important that people are able to understand the interdependent relationship between humans and nature, experience nature and appreciate these benefits coming from all forms of biodiversity. ● Fair and equitable sharing of benefits – Suriname values the vast traditional and local ecological knowledge arising from its cultural diversity, especially from, but not limited to, indigenous and tribal communities. Recognizing the fair and equitable access to benefits from the use of such knowledge and of genetic resources from plants, animals and micro-organisms, as this can for example help enhance food security, human health and improve the living standard of society in general. ● Mainstreaming in national priorities – For ecosystem services to truly contribute to a good quality of life in Suriname, biodiversity needs to be linked to human development and social- economic progress. Conserving, sustainably managing and restoring biodiversity will only be successful when there is national and political commitment, biodiversity conservation is integrated in Suriname’s national development plan and biophysical standards are integrated in legislation and policies across sectors and levels. ● Enabling conditions – Acknowledging the biodiversity milestones achieved so far in Suriname, it is crucial that financial- and human resources, political will and technology are mobilized to improve the circumstances for implementing biodiversity actions. Thereby combining efforts of all sectors of society and supporting the shared responsibility of science, policy, traditional knowledge and business innovation to achieve targets. Providing a solid legal basis for biodiversity conservation will help conserve Suriname’s natural and cultural heritage for future generations. 23 ● Human rights based approach – Suriname recognizes the importance of avoiding and addressing inequalities, discriminatory practices and unjust power relations in order to address social-economic development needs, including respecting the collective rights indigenous and tribal peoples, the reduction of poverty and gender inequalities. Indigenous and tribal peoples play a significant and irreplaceable role as stewards of the biodiversity in the territory they live in and from. Underlining the importance of preserving traditional cultural heritage. The implementation of the updated NBSAP must be based on principles of free, prior and informed consent and may not violate/lead to the violation of the human rights communities or individuals. ● Gender mainstreaming – Surinamese women and men (can) play a vital role in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity when ensuring their household’s and families’ basic needs, maintaining a livelihood, or filling in different positions in society that contribute to Suriname’s development. To support women and men in their respective roles and ensure equitable development, women’s and men’s needs and interests, addressing inequalities concerning access to resources and benefits, and their full participation at all levels of strategy development and policy-making must be carefully integrated in biodiversity actions. ● Inclusiveness – The structural, culturally sensitive and meaningful participation of different rights- and stakeholders is essential for successful implementation of Suriname’s NBSAP and beyond, in particular for vulnerable and minority groups, such as indigenous and tribal communities, women and youth. This includes the incorporation of principles of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) and objective grievance redress mechanisms adhering to international standards. ● Research and data collection – Credible and legitimate knowledge, data and information, gathered through scientific and/or community-based research are vital to support evidence-based decision-making, policies and legislation on Suriname’s biodiversity. Suriname recognizes that this starts with a robust monitoring and evaluation framework for the successful implementation of the NBSAP, and that scientific and traditional knowledge can make important contributions. ● Coherence with the nationally determined climate contributions and the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) - Despite having a negligible contribution to the causes of climate change, Suriname is committed to implementing actions that contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gasses and the adaptation to the impacts from climate change. Suriname is also committed to working toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. To be able to address the urgency of all these matters, achieve win-win outcomes and use resources efficiently, biodiversity actions should be coherent with climate and sustainable development actions. 24 3 Strategic pathways and targets The Convention recognizes that biological diversity is about more than plants, animals and micro organisms and their ecosystems – it is about people and our need for food security, medicines, fresh air and water, shelter, and a clean and healthy environment. Suriname has according to the Charter of the United Nations and the Declarations of the International Law, the sovereign right to exploit her own natural resources based on its own environmental policy, as well as the responsibility to assure that activities that fall under its jurisdiction or under its supervision, cause no damage to the environment of other States or areas that are not part of any national jurisdiction. Given the national context described in section 2, it is important for Suriname to find an effective balance between the sustainable use of biodiversity and the conservation of biodiversity, recognizing that sustainable economic- and social development and eradication of poverty are the first priorities for Suriname. This implies that to achieve Suriname’s national biodiversity vision, policies and regulations for the conservation of biodiversity as well as for the enforcement of sustainable practices in key economic sectors are key. This requires the promotion of and the development of new, low-environmental pressure sectors and sustainability innovations in ‘traditional’ economic sectors. To reduce poverty and enhance the benefits of healthy ecosystems for society, also mentioned in the national vision, a human rights based approach needs to be central in all biodiversity related plans, policies and actions. In addition, significant efforts are required to develop legal frameworks and mechanisms for fair access and equitable benefit sharing from the use of genetic resources. Suriname’s updated NBS aims to be achievable and to do so builds on strengths and needs found within Suriname’s natural-, social-, institutional- and economic contexts. Four pathways lead to achieving Suriname’s national biodiversity vision. The first three pathways are aligned with the first three goals of the previous NBS and the three UNCBD objectives: the i) conservation- and ii) sustainable use of biodiversity and iii) fair access and equitable benefit sharing from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. The fourth pathway brings together the remaining five goals described in Suriname’s previous NBS (see section 1.4), which is cross-cutting and supportive in character toward the other three pathways. The fourth pathway is also similar to goal D of the GBF, focused on improving the enabling conditions and capacities for structural biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and fair and equitable benefit sharing. The four strategic pathways are: 1. Conservation of biodiversity – Suriname’s ecosystems of high importance are safeguarded and their resilience maintained and restored. 2. Sustainable use of biodiversity – Pressures on and threats to Suriname’s terrestrial, marine, coastal and freshwater ecosystems are reduced, so that the provision of ecosystem services is sustained and enhanced. 3. Fair access and equitable benefit sharing – A well-developed and functioning national access and benefit sharing (ABS) legal-, institutional- and administrative framework enables the equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of Suriname’s genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge between the Government of Suriname, the owners of these resources and traditional knowledge, the private- and research sectors. 4. Mainstreaming and enabling conditions – A national sense of nature stewardship is cultivated across sectors and levels, structurally supported by: credible and legitimate research, capable institutions, increased awareness, financing schemes and inclusive participation. As the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development has a similar timeframe as the GBF and contains sustainable development goals that are relevant for biodiversity, it is important to consider the linkages between biodiversity and sustainable development in a holistic way (Table 2). Suriname recognizes these interlinkages and the strategic entry points for making progress toward implementing the NBSAP and achieving the SDGs. Recently, private sector companies have been actively promoting the SDG’s, and in some cases are actively working toward specific SDG’s. It is important for the implementation of the NBSAP to identify synergies with biodiversity in light of financing strategies and synergies. 25 The pathways set out in the NBSAP comprise of strategic targets (Table 3), for which actions to achieve the targets are formulated in the updated NBAP. The following sub-sections in this chapter describe each pathway narrative and associated targets. (see also Annex A) Table 2. Overview of strategic pathways and targets formulated and prioritized with input from rights- and stakeholders Holistic perspectives on biodiversity Linkages with SDG’s Biodiversity conservation SDG 14 – Life below Water SDG 15 – Life on Land Sustainable use of biodiversity is important in land- and sea use SDG 1 – Poverty Reduction sectors such as fisheries and agriculture, where aspects such as SDG 2 – Zero Hunger agrobiodiversity and genetic diversity are important to food SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic security; and supports livelihoods of people across levels and Growth sectors in many parts of the world. Conversion and pollution of natural habitats by industry and SDG 3 – Good Health and wellbeing land-use change, threaten (unique) ecosystems and their SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation functions that ensure the availability of potable water, and SDG 9 – Industry, Innovation and increase risks of exposure to zoonotic diseases (as outbreaks of Infrastructure deadly epidemics and most recent the Covid-19 pandemic have painfully laid bare). Urban biodiversity and associated access to blue and green SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and spaces in cities, will become more important for the wellbeing Communities of urban dwellers, as almost 70% of the global population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050. Anthropogenic climate change and biodiversity loss are SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean Energy currently two of the largest crises humanity faces, and the SDG 13 – Climate Action associated causes, impacts and potential solutions of either are often linked to each other. Actions taken toward achieving quality education, gender SDG 4 – Quality Education equality, sustainable consumption and production, strong SDG 5 – Gender Equality institutions, increased cooperation, and reducing inequalities in SDG 10 – Reduced Inequalities general, can directly or indirectly benefit biodiversity and the SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and fair access and benefit sharing of its utilization. Conversely, Production acknowledging the role women play in using and managing SDG 16 – Peace, Justice and Strong biodiversity can contribute to gender equality. Institutions SDG 17 – Partnerships for the Goals Table 3. Overview of strategic pathways and targets formulated and prioritized with input from rights- and stakeholders Strategic pathways Strategic targets Link with GBF targets

1.1 Increased area % under protection Terrestrial, marine and wetland protected areas in Suriname GBF target 3 comprise 30% of the total area and are effectively managed, GBF target 8 GBF target 11 including in the EEZ, covering unique and vulnerable ecosystems in all parts of the country

1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation Suriname has initiated ecological restoration and rehabilitation of GBF target 2 GBF target 11 degraded, polluted or depleted terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems using evidence-based procedures, norms and 1 Conservation of national guidelines Biodiversity

1.3 Protection of endangered species Suriname effectively protects endangered animal and plant GBF target 4 GBF target 5 species through coordinated management and monitoring systems and has the required technical and financial capacity for the enforcement of wildlife trade regulations. 26 Strategic pathways Strategic targets Link with GBF targets

1.4 Reduced risks of invasive species GBF target 6 Suriname has increased awareness and developed early detection and management systems for preventing the introduction of exotic species and reducing the risks and impact from invasive species.

2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea zoning Suriname has adopted terrestrial and marine spatial planning GBF target 1 laws and regulations, including zoning and integrated management plans, to minimize unsustainable ecosystem conversion or degradation

2.2 Reduced pollution Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of ecosystem from GBF target 7 various sectors through established national environmental quality standards, integrated waste management- and monitoring systems in line with national legislation

2.3 Sustainable land- and sea use practices Suriname enforces the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity in GBF target 10 GBF target 11 land-, sea- and freshwater use economic sectors through 2 Sustainable use of GBF target 5 responsible practices and technologies, in line with sound land Bioversity use planning and zoning

2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions GBF target 11 GBF target 12 Based on increased evidence-based understanding on ecosystem services, Suriname’s public, private and societal organizations incorporate nature-based solutions in urban planning, climate resilience, food production systems and the development of sustainable livelihood options.

2.5 Policies for sustainable business practices Suriname has set priorities and developed a plan for phasing GBF target 15 GBF target 16 out or reforming subsidies and incentives for the private sector GBF target 18 that are harmful for biodiversity and for regulating incentives in favor of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity including transparency and compliance.

3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples knowledge and rights GBF target 13 GBF target 21 The collective traditional knowledge and associated intellectual GBF target 22 rights of indigenous and tribal communities are recognized in Suriname’s legislation

3.2 Self-protection of traditional knowledge Indigenous, tribal and other local communities have capacities GBF target 13 3 Fair and equitable sharing and respected structures for protecting their traditional GBF target 22 of benefits from the use of knowledge and managing community territory biological genetic resources and resources traditional knowledge 3.3 Fair and equitable benefit sharing mechanisms The access and benefit sharing provisions of the UNCBD are GBF target 13 incorporated in national legislation and transparent procedures for the protection of genetic resources, bioprospecting, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits, recognizing the rights, including intellectual property rights, of all Surinamese citizens 4 Mainstreaming and 4.1 Strengthened capacities Implementation The capacity of Suriname’s institutions and relevant groups are GBF target 20 strengthened for effective management, monitoring and 27 Strategic pathways Strategic targets Link with GBF targets evaluation, technical cooperation, fund mobilizing and science- policy communication of the NBSAP implementation.

4.2 Available financial resources Suriname has increased its national budget for biodiversity- GBF target 19 related policy areas, and has improved knowledge of and access to international finance, including innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting, and synergies with climate financing.

4.3 Improved education and awareness The importance of biodiversity and the nature-human relationship are structurally integrated in Suriname’s education curricula for elementary and middle school, and in awareness campaigns on related issues.

4.4 Scientific research and data collection Increased Surinamese scientific research, including community- GBF target 21 based research, is published, linked to national databases, and contributes to credible and legitimate knowledge on Suriname’s biodiversity in the broadest sense.

4.5 Climate change and biodiversity synergies There is increased understanding of the risks and impacts of GBF target 8 climate change on terrestrial and marine biodiversity in Suriname and of how biodiversity can be integrated in climate adaptation strategies.

4.6 National biodiversity integration Suriname has harmonized environmental and economic policies GBF target 14 and all relevant government-, civil society- and private sector organizations are involved in the NBSAP implementation.

4.7 Inclusive participation and gender equality Suriname’s biodiversity policies include gender-responsive GBF target 22 GBF target 23 actions and these are implemented through inclusive participation mechanisms, considering intersectionality and outcomes that effectively improve the situation of vulnerable groups, including indigenous and tribal peoples, women and youth.

4.8 SDGs and biodiversity synergies There is increased understanding of the synergies between GBF section D biodiversity protection and achieving the SDG’s in the Surinamese context, for efficient measures, monitoring and financing. 28

3.1 Pathway 1: Conservation of Biodiversity The UNCBD refers to in-situ and ex-situ conservation. With in-site conservation the focus is on ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of species populations in their natural surroundings. The focus in the ex-situ conservation is on the conservation of components of biodiversity outside of their natural habitat. For Suriname, this strategic pathway is to lead to maintaining healthy ecosystems and restoring degraded ones to increase their resilience. Suriname’s legislative framework provides the Targets basis for its protected areas, which currently include only terrestrial ecosystems and to a

1.1 Terrestrial, marine and wetland protected areas lesser extent aquatic ecosystems in the coastal in Suriname comprise 30% of the total area and are zone and the interior. The existing sixteen effectively managed, including in the EEZ, covering protected areas include nature reserves, unique and vulnerable ecosystems in all parts of the Multiple Use Management Areas (MUMA’s) and country one nature park. The largest protected area, the Central Suriname Nature Reserve (CSNR),

1.2 Suriname has initiated ecological restoration is also registered as an UNESCO World and rehabilitation of degraded, polluted or depleted Heritage site for over twenty years. Due to its terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems using large size, the CSNR covers a range of evidence-based procedures, norms and national ecosystems including upland and lowland guidelines forests and part of the Coppename River watershed. Another nature reserve, the

1.3 Suriname effectively protects endangered Coppename-monding, is also registered as a animal and plant species through coordinated RAMSAR site, or Wetland of International management and monitoring systems and has the Importance. A key focus under this pathway required technical and financial capacity for the will be to increase the natural areas under enforcement of wildlife trade regulations. protection in covering a range of ecosystems

1.4 Suriname has increased awareness and in different parts of the country, as, for developed early detection and management example, terrestrial ecosystems in Western systems for preventing the introduction of exotic parts differ from those in Eastern parts. species and reducing the risks and impact from Because there are currently no marine invasive species. protected areas, a stronger emphasis will be placed on establishing marine and coastal protected areas. In doing so, areas will be considered of particular importance for marine life, such as fish breeding grounds, sea turtle nesting beaches, and in extension for supporting the tourism and fishing industry. Protection, restoration and rehabilitation Intensive fish exploitation and destructive land uses have already led to the depletion of certain species populations and degradation of ecosystems and their functions. While this situation may not seem obvious for Suriname as one of the most forested countries, and may not always be the case at the national level, it is certainly true in specific parts of the country and its EEZ. That is why specific attention to restoration and rehabilitation of ecosystems and wildlife is becoming more relevant in Suriname. Several sectoral policy plans (e.g. fisheries, agriculture) and legislation (e.g. coastal protection, tourism) will be up for revision or renewal, presenting opportunities to structurally incorporate aspects related to the conservation and restoration of biodiversity. Suriname recognizes the importance of monitoring and enforcement of legislation to effectively manage protected areas and reduce poaching, illegal wildlife trade and the introduction of invasive alien species. Priority will be given to strengthening of capacities, increasing awareness of all relevant authorities and streamlining cost-efficient monitoring and enforcement. The uncertainty and extent of climate change impacts on biodiversity, something that a carbon-negative country such as Suriname contributes very little to, is not yet extensively studied in Suriname. Projected increases in temperature, including of the ocean, extreme rainfall events and unpredictable seasonality present potential threats to ecosystems and the social-economic systems depending on them. This uncertainty underlines the importance of incorporating management actions that ensure the resilience of ecosystems (e.g. a wetland) and managed natural systems (e.g. agroforestry farms), as healthy ecosystems have the best chances of adapting to shocks and disturbances due to climate change. 29

3.2 Pathway 2: Sustainable use of biodiversity In its definition of the sustainable use of biodiversity, the UNCBD highlights several key aspects, such as the utilization of biodiversity and its components, avoiding long-term decline, and meeting the needs and aspirations of present and future generations. Suriname recognizes these key aspects and that, as recent science points out, conservation and restoration efforts will be in vain as long as the intensifying pressures on terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems leading to biodiversity loss are not reduced. Suriname underlines that the sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services is essential to the wellbeing of its society. At the same time it is important to also acknowledge the rights to human- and social-economic development of developing countries, and thus meeting basic development needs of Suriname’s men, women and youth. Yet, developing countries such as Suriname are often the countries that are still rich in biological and other natural resources. The current economic situation of Suriname has seen the ten-fold depreciation of its national currency compared to nine years ago11 and a drastic increase in the population living below the poverty line. Suriname acknowledges that biodiversity policies, measures and actions may not be at the expense of basic developing needs. Therefore, this pathway, in line with Suriname’s National Development Plan 2022-2026, pursues social-economic development where the pressures and threats to ecosystems are minimized and the supply of ecosystem services and benefits is sustained and enhanced. In that sense, biodiversity is perceived as an integrated contributor to social development and economic prosperity for current and future Surinamese men, women and youth. Spatial planning and sustainable practices on land and in the sea Suriname’s economy is strongly driven by extractive industries both on land and in the sea, such as mining, agriculture, fishery and forestry, which operate in a fairly uncoordinated manner. An important focus for reducing pressures on the terrestrial, marine, coastal and freshwater ecosystems will be national legislation and policies for structural planning and management systems for land and sea use. A key component will be spatial planning legislation, which is currently still officially lacking but being prepared. Such terrestrial and marine spatial planning and management systems will help enable coordination between land- and sea use sectors. Another important component will be a technical overhaul of practices and policies to address the problem of overexploitation and biodiversity loss due to the conversion and degradation in sectors such as fisheries, urban housing development, agriculture and forestry. Responsible practices have been introduced or are being tested in some sectors, such as Turtle Excluder Devices, Reduced Impact Logging and environmental management in the small-scale and artisanal gold mining sector, but require upscaling based on stronger policies, lessons learned and barriers to resolve. In some cases, such as the Fisheries Management Plan 2021-2025, key policies and measures have already been outlined which will also be relevant for reaching biodiversity targets. The sustainable use of biodiversity also entails the development of new or alternative biodiversity-based sectors which provide smaller impact-, wise use options while still contributing to social-economic development. (e.g nature- and agro-tourism, traditional medicines, beekeeping). The recently approved framework law on tourism provides an important milestone to build on toward defining and sustainably developing nature tourism. In this regard, Suriname recognizes that ‘sustainable use of biodiversity’ in the strictest sense refers to ecological sustainability. However, from the perspective of social-economic benefits received from the use of biological resources, sustainability is also tied to social justice aspects such as fairness and equal access. Pollution Another key component in reducing pressures on biodiversity involves addressing pollution, which is an increasing threat in Suriname. Pollution issues arise from solid waste, including e-waste, due to waste dumping and suboptimal waste management systems, in particular in remote areas. Pollution with chemicals such as from agriculture and mining is not regularly monitored, and the use of such chemicals is currently not regulated. As a consequence, natural habitats are polluted or eutrophied, and chemicals bio-accumulate through the food chain, eventually also presenting risks for food safety and human health. Of particular concern is the lack of information and regulation of the impact on marine and aquatic ecosystems from plastic pollution. The biennial environmental statistics published by the Statistics Bureau of Suriname make an attempt to create a quantitative overview of the situation surrounding waste and 11 Central Bank of Suriname (2023). https://www.cbvs.sr/statistieken/financiele-markten-statistieken/dagelijkse-publicaties/89- wisselkoersnotering-cbvs. Accessed 30 March 2023 30 pollution, but the overview is incomplete due to a lack of data from various sources. It is for example unclear what the extent of the use of and thus pollution from pesticides and fertilizers. The problems surrounding pollution in Suriname require a cross-sectoral approach that improves the collection of data on pollution sources, leads to development of national environmental health standards, and enables the use of responsible production processes and waste management systems. The adoption of the Environmental Framework Act provides a good basis for further regulation of waste and pollution. The private sector has an important role to play when it comes to transparent sharing of data, objective risk assessments and compliance reporting. Ecosystem services Sustainable use of biodiversity is not just about reducing direct and indirect pressures, but can also target the enhancement of ecosystem services. Suriname has the benefit of having the majority of its ecosystems still intact, and enhancing ecosystem services presents an interesting aspect of sustainable biodiversity use. Interventions that enhance ecosystem services supply can be considered ecosystem-based approaches or nature-based solutions. For example, helping to enhance pollination by combining apiculture and agricultural systems, or the use of green-gray infrastructure to enhance land gain and coastal protection by mangroves. Or increasing the multi-functionality of green spaces in urban areas. Currently, initiatives are implemented on an ad-hoc basis in Suriname and on a relatively small scale. To systematize and scale-up, decision-makers need increased awareness on benefits from ecosystem services and a better understanding of how enhancing ecosystem services can contribute to addressing multiple societal needs. This would contribute to developing more structural approaches that lead to win-win situations. This is relevant in the coastal, urbanized areas of Suriname and in rural areas either in the coast or in the interior. Legislation All of the components that are important for reducing pressures on biodiversity and for enhancing benefits from ecosystem services will require a solid legal basis for modern times and complex problems. Suriname recognizes the need to update or reformulate its biodiversity related legislation, such as the Nature Conservation Act, the Mining Act and legislation related to fisheries. A key priority is also the adoption of new legislation which has thus far been lacking, such as on water resource management and climate change. This includes the further legislative and policy elaboration of the Environmental Framework Act. Targets 2.1 Suriname has adopted terrestrial and marine spatial planning laws and regulations, including zoning and integrated management plans, to minimize unsustainable ecosystem conversion or degradation

2.2 Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of ecosystem from various sectors through established national environmental quality standards, integrated waste management- and monitoring systems in line with national legislation

2.3 Suriname enforces the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity in land-, sea- and freshwater use economic sectors through responsible practices and technologies, in line with sound land use planning and zoning

2.4 Based on increased evidence-based understanding on ecosystem services, Suriname’s public, private and societal organizations incorporate nature-based solutions in urban planning, climate resilience, food production systems and the development of sustainable livelihood options.

2.5 Suriname has set priorities and developed a plan for phasing out or reforming subsidies and incentives for the private sector that are harmful for biodiversity and for regulating incentives in favor of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity including transparency and compliance. 31

3.3 Pathway 3: Fair and equitable benefit sharing The UNCBD includes as one of its three main objectives the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources (Figure 3). With Suriname’s ecosystems still largely intact, its biodiversity holds genetic resources that could be useful for human wellbeing, such as medicines, cosmetics, and resilience in e.g. agricultural practices. This provides potentially new alternative sectors for social-economic development in Suriname, however, only under conditions where the access to genetic resources is facilitated through proper regulations and the benefits resulting from their use are shared in an equitable way between the parties using the resources and those providing them. The latter refers to the government, which has the sovereign right over natural resources within their jurisdiction, and, often in the case of Suriname, indigenous and tribal peoples, who own the traditional knowledge associated with local ecology that is often needed to facilitate access to the genetic resources. Benefits from the utilization of genetic resources can be monetary, based on e.g. royalty payments or intellectual property rights, or non-monetary, as is the case with furthering research, training, education and technology transfer. Ecosystem Resource: Genetic material in diversity - Plants Species diversity - Animals - Microorganisms Genetic diversity Figure 3. Genetic resources This pathway aims to ensure that national Targets systems and legislation are in place to regulate access to and facilitate fair and equitable

3.1 The collective traditional knowledge and benefit sharing from the use of genetic associated intellectual rights of indigenous and resources and associated traditional tribal communities are recognized in Suriname’s legislation knowledge. Effective national systems, regulations and mechanisms for access to and

3.2 Indigenous, tribal and other local communities benefit sharing from the use of genetic have capacities and respected structures for resources can contribute to the conservation protecting their traditional knowledge and and sustainable use of biodiversity and managing community territory biological resources enhancing equitable development

3.3 The access and benefit sharing provisions of opportunities. the UNCBD are incorporated in national legislation Many of Suriname’s intact ecosystems are and transparent procedures for bioprospecting, located in remote areas that often overlap with and fair and equitable sharing of benefits, living territories of indigenous and tribal recognizing the rights, including intellectual communities. Given the notion that access to property rights, of all Surinamese citizens and the sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources can potentially result in social, economic and environmental benefits, it is recognized that rights-based mechanisms based on principles of FPIC are an essential condition for achieving Suriname’s envisioned green development path.12. Indigenous and tribal communities in Suriname have lifestyles that are closely and traditionally dependent on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite the increasing influence of market economies and globalization in their communities, the traditional ecological knowledge developed over centuries, the traditional practices and innovations are currently still present to more or less extent. Efforts to preserve traditional knowledge are important for cultural continuity and for its relevance to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and its components. Hence, where applicable, accessing and using genetic resources, including associated traditional knowledge, can only be done with the involvement and approval 12 Republic of Suriname (2021). Meerjaren Ontwikkelingsplan 2022-2026. (Multi-annual Development Plan 2022-2026) Paramaribo, Suriname 32 of the holders of such knowledge and with the sharing of arising benefits on mutually agreed terms. One of the key priorities for Suriname in that regard is the legal recognition of collective rights of indigenous and tribal communities, including land rights. Although legislation has already been drafted, the process of its debate and revision has been ongoing for several years, and its approval in parliament is still pending. Important components of this law that are also relevant for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge, include principles of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC), the right to self-determination, participation and traditional governance structures, and benefit sharing. Indigenous and tribal organisations in Suriname have a track record of supporting communities in demarcating their traditional territories, formulating community development plans and lobbying for collective rights and basic social-economic needs in remote areas. Their participation in effectively achieving the targets under this pathway is crucial. This includes when it comes to aspects relevant for achieving other NBSAP targets, such as strengthening capacities of indigenous and tribal communities for territorial management and to be able to protect their traditional knowledge. Another key priority is setting up the legal provisions, assigning responsibilities and developing transparent mechanisms to enable access to and fair and equitable benefit sharing from the use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. Currently, such mechanisms do not exist in Suriname. The rich biodiversity, in particular species and genetic diversity, in Suriname present opportunities for developing alternative economic industries based on sustainable use of biodiversity (e.g. natural cosmetics, traditional medicines, food and nutrition). Aside from indigenous and tribal communities, there traditional uses of genetic resources can also be found in other cultures in Suriname, such as with persons of Javanese and Indian descendance. Although there are small-medium enterprises in Suriname in e.g. the local cosmetics industry, there is still much space to develop these and new industries in a regulated and systematic way. Commercial and non-commercial industries (e.g. university research) can potentially benefit from legal provisions for intellectual property rights, to access genetic resources, to administer access and benefit sharing contracts in an equitable manner and regulate the development of industries based on derivatives from genetic resources. An important starting point for Suriname will be to update or develop new legislation by incorporating provisions from the Nagoya Protocol on Access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable Sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. 33

3.4 Pathway 4: Mainstreaming and enabling conditions In order to pursue Suriname’s envisioned development path that harmonizes the environment and the economy, mainstreaming biodiversity is key to the effective implementation of the NBSAP. Mainstreaming first requires cultivating a broad understanding of all the ways that biodiversity is linked to social-economic development, and, secondly, a national sense of nature stewardship across sectors and levels. An important focus for mainstreaming is ensuring that biodiversity is well-integrated in national priorities, policies and plans, including gender perspectives and explicit consideration of gender-responsive approaches. For mainstreaming biodiversity, enabling conditions for NBSAP implementation and beyond are key, among which access to financial resources, capable institutions, inclusive participation mechanisms, and credible and legitimate research. The GBF recognizes the need to make financial resources available in an equitable manner, in particular to developing countries and small island developing states, both categories to which Suriname belongs. The implications of Suriname’s current economic situation with limited government budgets allocated to biodiversity and the environment are far-reaching, e.g. for enforcement, and research, as academic institutions are formally on the civil service budget. Therefore, the availability of funding has a high priority, placing an essential early focus on increasing knowledge on financing options and acquiring experience for making full use of the funds, facilities and financing schemes. These include, but are not limited to, twinning facilities, public-private partnerships, payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting. Streamlining national priorities in this context, i.e. improving efficiency and effectiveness, and mainstreaming biodiversity will also be important for accessing the targeted funds. For example, by emphasizing links between climate change and vulnerable ecosystems and progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s). With increasing national attention for climate finance through carbon credits, it is worth identifying links and synergies between climate and biodiversity priorities. Several existing initiatives such as the national forest financing strategy and plans to develop a bio- economy approach e.g. for sustainably scaling up land- and sea-use sectors and develop value chains. Capacity strengthening is another key focus for Suriname. With a relatively small population and consequences of the brain-drain effect due to the current economic crisis, the lack of human and technical capacity is a serious challenge. Capacity strengthening for achieving NBSAP targets is crosscutting and revolves around the interlinkages and -dependencies between targets. Such as research, data collection and compliance monitoring or enhancement of ecosystem services. And monitoring and effective management of protected areas and wildlife. The focus for capacity strengthening is on increasing knowledge and understanding, skills, available tools and resources on an individual- (e.g. training and education curricula), institutional- (e.g. clarifying mandates, enabling coordination) and systemic level (e.g. legislation, enforcement, platforms and mechanisms). This includes institutions from the government, civil society, such as Suriname’s grassroots organizations and indigenous and tribal communities, and academia. This means that not just the environmental sector, but all sectors, in particular Suriname’s land- and sea use sectors, must take responsibility for the conservation, sustainable use and fair and equitable benefit sharing of biodiversity, highlighting once again the importance of mainstreaming. In Suriname, until recently, biodiversity has generally been perceived as something separate from or external to social and economic development, a responsibility solely for those concerned with or directly involved in biodiversity conservation. As a consequence, tradeoffs between economic development and the biophysical environment have often been in favor of the first, without incorporating the value or addressing the negative impacts on the latter. The fact that more than half of Suriname’s population lives in and around the capital city Paramaribo, means that many people’s daily lives occur largely separated from nature, which is reflected in the limited awareness and understanding of the multi-faceted relationship between humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, a key focus in this pathway is on holistically integrating biodiversity and related issues in education systems and awareness raising activities. This is aimed at the curricula of all levels of education and at various decision-makers, creating a foundation for increased awareness and understanding of the general public and the next generation of leaders. An important consideration concerns the translation and use of appropriate communication channels for education and awareness raising targeted at immigrant populations that, through the sectors in which they earn an income or through their customs affect wildlife and natural habitats, and may have limited understanding of applicable national laws and regulations. 34 Increasing scientific research on biodiversity and developing robust and efficient monitoring systems for improving the availability of data and evidence-based information is a central enabling condition. Strengthening the academic curricula of the Anton de Kom University and other higher education facilities, and seeking out regional and international partnerships contribute to strengthening technical and scientific capacities of research institutions and improve opportunities for accessing research funds. Strengthened research institutions enable improved quality and management of collected data. An important aspect is setting up infrastructure for improved data accessibility for the benefit of policy- and decision making, awareness raising and education purposes. Efforts in recent years have led to initial results in that direction by developing the Suriname Environmental Information Network, for which planned activities include the development of institutional databases, infrastructure, workflows and protocols. Suriname has a national chapter of the Association for Biodiversity in the Guiana Shield (VBGSS), which can potentially serve as a platform for gathering and sharing the best available knowledge on biodiversity in Suriname. Finally, the existence of knowledge systems other than scientific knowledge, such as traditional ecological knowledge, is recognized, along with the role that indigenous and tribal communities can play in contributing to evidence-based knowledge and monitoring. The focus on promoting scientific and community-based research is an important enabling factor for informed decision-making and thus supports many of the targets under the other strategic pathways, such as maintaining and restoring ecosystem resilience, promoting sustainable practices in land- and sea-use sectors, enhancing the benefits of ecosystem services and the synergies with climate action. Suriname recognizes the vulnerability of ecosystems and the importance of maintaining and enhancing their resilience in light of the risks and impacts from climate change. As climate change adaptation and mitigation are national priorities and Suriname is currently working toward a National Climate Accord, this is a vital opportunity to align biodiversity and climate priorities and ensure that biodiversity related aspects are thoroughly included in national climate policies and plans. Examples of such aspects include the (potential) impact of climate change on biodiversity, but also the potential of ecosystem services and management of ecosystems as part of climate adaptation. This implies a need for increased scientific research and evidence-based knowledge on how changes in the climate affect ecosystems and wildlife, and on the functioning of ecosystems and its elements, so that benefits from ecosystem services can be enhanced. Recent publications such as the ’State of the Climate’ report 13 contribute to the availability of climate change data and local projections. Early in 2023, Suriname has produced its third National Communication to the UNFCCC, which includes an update of the national greenhouse gas inventory and provides a comprehensive overview of available information related to climate change in Suriname. Thus for Suriname’s NBSAP it is important to strengthen research and identify synergies between actions that help address interrelated climate and biodiversity issues. The inclusion of various institutions and groups in society is crucial for achieving the NBSAP targets. This is only possible with appropriate and inclusive participation mechanisms and by ensuring equitable access to information and justice through grievance redress. Suriname acknowledges that inclusive participation mechanisms need to ensure transparency on the purpose of participation and should enable respectful, including free, prior, informed and meaningful participation without discriminating minority or vulnerable groups. This includes the use of gender-sensitive approaches in establishing structural platforms and mechanisms for engagement, which in turn enable decisions on policies, measures and actions that contribute to reducing gender inequality. Targets

4.1 The capacity of Suriname’s institutions and relevant groups are strengthened for effective management, monitoring and evaluation, technical cooperation, fund mobilizing and science- policy communication of the NBSAP implementation. 13 Inter-American Development Bank (2021). State of the Climate Report: Suriname. Solaun K., Alleng G., Flores A., Resomardono C., Hess K., Antich H., Climate Change and Sustainable Development Sector, Climate Change Division. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003398 35

4.2 Suriname has increased its national budget for biodiversity-related policy areas, and has improved knowledge of and access to international finance, including innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting, and synergies with climate financing.

4.3 The importance of biodiversity and the nature-human relationship are structurally integrated in Suriname’s education curricula for elementary and middle school, and in awareness campaigns on related issues.

4.4 Increased Surinamese scientific research, including community-based research, is published, linked to national databases, and contributes to credible and legitimate knowledge on Suriname’s biodiversity in the broadest sense.

4.5 There is increased understanding of the risks and impacts of climate change on terrestrial and marine biodiversity in Suriname and of how biodiversity can be integrated in climate adaptation strategies. 4.6 Suriname has harmonized environmental and economic policies and all relevant government-, civil society- and private sector organizations are involved in the NBSAP implementation.

4.7 Suriname’s biodiversity policies include gender-responsive actions and these are implemented through inclusive participation mechanisms, considering intersectionality and outcomes that effectively improve the situation of vulnerable groups, including indigenous and tribal peoples, women and youth.

4.8 There is increased understanding of the synergies between biodiversity protection and achieving the SDG’s in the Surinamese context, for efficient measures, monitoring and financing. 36 4 Implementation framework The strategic pathways and targets in the NBS provide the framework for formulating the actions in the NBAP. The NBAP specifies actions and activities that contribute to achieving each strategic target. The actions are formulated based on an assessment of the previous NBSAP implementation status, priority issues identified by rights- and stakeholders in a broad consultation process. The NBAP is structured based on the previous version with a few adjustments (table 3). Table 3 Proposed format for formulating the updated NBAP Strategic Actions and Required Lead Timeframe Estimated Funding Synergies target interventions capacity responsible based on costs opportunities agency priority A key starting point during the development and implementation of the updated NBSAP is mainstreaming: namely by putting emphasis on the integration of biodiversity and economic sectors from both sides. This implies that, while the NBSAP incorporates national socio-economic priorities as stated in national and sectoral policy documents, it is important that future development of national and sectoral policies also explicitly incorporate the relevant actions formulated in the NBSAP. The potential synergies mentioned in the NBS also translate into the monitoring and evaluation framework for efficient national reporting structures. For monitoring and evaluation of progress made in implementing the NBSAP and toward achieving the UNCBD and GBF goals, a framework is proposed based on concepts beyond that of actions undertaken, namely of outcomes: i.e. changes in policies or practices/behavior that actions have contributed to. The structure for the monitoring and evaluation framework takes the GBF monitoring framework and national reporting formats into consideration and includes the following inputs (with an example): see table 4 below. The mobilization of financial resources, the assessment of capacity needs and the communication and outreach on the updated NBSAP is not included in the NBSAP at this stage, but is expected to be implemented in phase 2 of the Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment’s project for updating Suriname’s NBSAP. 37 Table 4 Proposed framework for monitoring and evaluation of the NBSAP implementation Strategic Strategic target Contributing actions Outcome: description of Level of Obstacles/ Synergies Remarks / Pathway change significance Needs identified Key actors [NBSAP [NBSAP target] [List actions undertaken [Describe change in policy or [Assess the [Describe any obstacles [Describe links [Add any pathway] contributing to the practice compared to the potential or needs encountered with other NBSAP other target] baseline/previous situation] impact of the implementing the targets, the SDGs remarks] outcome] action] and other relevant aspects] 2 2.4 Suriname enforces a. The Ministry of LVV A new management plan for Medium. Awareness on the new NBSAP target 4.7 -Min. LVV Sustainable the sustainable has developed a new the fisheries sector was policy among fishing on national -Holders of use of exploitation of fisheries management adopted by the Surinamese license holders, in biodiversity fishing biodiversity biodiversity in land- plan 2024-2030 government with Its formal particular immigrant integration licences and sea use economic incorporation of relevant adoption license holders is still sectors through NBSAP actions. provides a needed SDG 14 -… responsible practices There was a previous solid policy Target 14.4 and technologies, in fisheries management plan basis for the Lack of enforcement line with but that was expired in 2018 fisheries needs to be addressed Gender environmental and did not sufficiently sector legislation, and sound incorporate biodiversity moving MOP spatial planning and considerations forward. ….. zoning b. ….. …same as outcome a / … … … … other… 38 Bibliography De Dijn, B., (ed), (2018). 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Suriname Second Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement. Coordination Environment at the Cabinet of the President of the Republic of Suriname. Paramaribo, Suriname Republic of Suriname (2021). Meerjaren Ontwikkelingsplan 2022-2026. Paramaribo, Suriname Republic of Suriname (2021). Herstelplan 2020-2022: De basis voor economische groei en institutionele versterking. Ministry of Finance and Planning, 10 May 2021. Republic of Suriname, (2021). Draft Law on Collective Rights of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. National Assembly, 24 May 2021, Paramaribo, Suriname Republic of Suriname, (2022). Draft amendment to the Environment Framework Act (S.B.2020 no.97). National Assembly, 2 September 2022, Paramaribo, Suriname Sasvari et al. (2010). Guidelines for Mainstreaming Gender into National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. viii + 97pp. UNCBD Secretariat Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, (2011). NBSAP training modules version 2.2 – Module 2. Using the Biodiversity Planning Process to Prepare or Update a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans. Montreal, Canada. United Nations, (1975). Convention and Protocol to the Prevention of Marine Pollution by dumping wastes and other matter. United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. UN Sustainable Development Summit A/RES/70/1. New York, United States of America. 40 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, (2022). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework draft decision submitted by the President. CBD/COP/15/L.25 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, (2022). Monitoring framework for the Kunming- Montreal global biodiversity framework draft decision submitted by the President. CBD/COP/15/L.26 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, (2011). Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. Quebec, Canada. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, (1994). Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat. Ramsar, Iran, 2.2.1971 United Nations Environment Programme, (2019). Minamata Convention on Mercury. www.mercuryconvention.org United Nations Environment Programme, (1983). Cartagena Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean region. Version published by the Regional Coordinating Unit of UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme in 2000, Kingston Jamaica. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (2015). Paris Agreement. UNFCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1 Vergara et al., (2022). Living Amazon Report 2022. WWF, Quito, Ecuador. World Bank (2023). National accounts data Suriname. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=SR. Accessed 30 March 2023 WWF Guianas, (2020)a. Guide for a Sustainable Suriname: Central Governance. Paramaribo, Suriname WWF Guianas, (2020)b. Guide for a Sustainable Suriname: Regional Governance. Paramaribo, Suriname Websites: - www.gov.sr/ , (unkown date). Visited on: 8 February 2023 – 19 April 2023 - www.dna.sr/ , (unkown date). Visited on: 8 February 2023 – 19 April 2023 - https://www.highseasalliance.org/treaty-negotiations/, (2020). Visited on: 10 March 2023 41 Annex A. Technical working group prioritization of targets The proposed targets were discussed with a technical group of rights- and stakeholders during a workshop. Participants had the possibility to suggest adjustments to the targets, propose additional targets and consequently prioritize the targets. Several groups made a prioritized list through a scoring exercise, based on their perceptions of the national biodiversity context, priorities and feasibility of NBSAP implementation with the limited available means and resources. The final perceived prioritization was determined as average from all groups and is shown in figure 1. It is important to note that this prioritization is for the draft version and may be subject to slight adjustments based on further expert insights regarding e.g. the extent, urgency, state and potential impact of biodiversity-related issues (i.e. the target subject matter). For example, the NBS development team observes the perceived high priority targets to be mostly reflect the obvious reality in Suriname. However certain perceived medium priority targets, such as sustainable exploitation in economic sectors and sound spatial planning could require higher priority, either due to the extent of the problem (e.g. in the fisheries sector) or activities already being undertaken, making it a ‘low-hanging fruit’ (e.g. spatial planning legislation). High priority targets Medium priority targets Lower priority targets

4.1 Capacity strengthening 1.2 Ecological restoration 1.3 Reducing invasive species risk

4.2 Financial resources 2.2 Sound spatial planning on land and in sea 2.7 Reducing harmful incentives

3.1 Recognition of collective rights 2.3 Reducing pollution 4.8 Synergies between SDGs and biodiversity

2.1 Optimizing national legislation 4.6 Inclusive participation

3.2 Protecting traditional knowledge 2.4 Sustainable exploitation

4.3 Education and awareness 1.3 Endangered species and wildlife

3.3 Fair and equitable benefitsharing 2.5 Ecosystem services

1.1 Protected areas 4.7 National biodiversity integration

4.4 Research and data 2.6 Sustainable consumption and production

4.5 Climate change and biodiversity Figure 1. Perceived prioritization of strategic targets by rights- and stakeholders during the NBS technical 42 43 1 Suriname updated National Biodiversity Action Plan 2024 - 2030 2 Contents Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ 4 Abbreviations................................................................................................................................. 6 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 8

1.1 Suriname’s updated Biodiversity Strategy ................................................................................... 8 1.2 Objectives and rationale of the updated Biodiversity Action Plan ................................................... 8

1.3 Applied methodology for updating the NBAP ...............................................................................11

1.4 Assumptions and enabling conditions for implementation ............................................................11

1.5 The structure of this document .................................................................................................11 2 Strategic actions framework ........................................................................................................13

2.1 Conservation of biodiversity......................................................................................................13 Target 1.1 Effective management of protected areas and increased area under protection .................13 Target 1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation ...............................................................15 Target 1.3 Protection of endangered species and effective wildlife management ................................16 Target 1.4 Reduced risk of invasive alien species ...........................................................................18

2.2 Sustainable use of biodiversity ..................................................................................................19 Target 2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea use zoning ........................................................19 Target 2.2 Reducing risks of pollution..............................................................................................21 Target 2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices ........................................................22 Target 2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions ...............................................27 Target 2.5 Policies and incentives for sustainable business practices ..................................................28

2.3 Fair and equitable benefit sharing .............................................................................................30 Target 3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples’ knowledge and associated rights ............30 Target 3.2 Self-protection of indigenous and tribal peoples’ knowledge and associated rights ...............31 Target 3.3 Institutional and legal framework for fair and equitable ABS ..............................................32

2.4 Integration and enabling conditions ...........................................................................................33 Target 4.1 Strengthened capacities for biodiversity ..........................................................................33 Target 4.2 Available biodiversity financial resources .........................................................................34 Target 4.3 Increased awareness and education on biodiversity ..........................................................36 Target 4.4 Increased research and accessible data ...........................................................................37 Target 4.5 Understanding linkages between biodiversity and climate change.......................................41 Target 4.6 Promoting national biodiversity integration and streamlining .............................................42 Target 4.7 Enhancing inclusive participation and gender-responsive actions ........................................43 Target 4.8 Promoting synergies between biodiversity and the SDG’s ..................................................44

2.5 Financial overview and funding opportunities..............................................................................46

2.6 Implementation of NBSAP ........................................................................................................47 3 Monitoring and Evaluation ...........................................................................................................49 Strategic Pathway 1 - Conservation of Biodiversity ...........................................................................50 Strategic target 1.1 Terrestrial, marine and wetland protected areas in Suriname comprise 30% of the total area and are effectively managed, including in the EEZ, covering unique and vulnerable ecosystems in all parts of the country. ..............................................................................................................50 Strategic Pathway 2 – Sustainable use of biodiversity .......................................................................54 Strategic Pathway 3 – Fair and equitable ABS ..................................................................................63 3 Strategic Pathway 4 – Mainstreaming and enabling conditions ...........................................................65 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................74 Annex 1 .......................................................................................................................................78 4 Executive summary Suriname’s updated National Biodiversity Strategy (NBS) and Action Plan (NBAP; the present document) for the period 2024-2035 was developed in line with the UNCBD Conference of the Parties decision 15/6, which requests Parties to revise and update their NBSAP in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and its goals and targets before the 16th Conference of the Parties (see also annex 1). In doing so, Suriname re-commits itself to the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (UNCBD) and all its articles. Four strategic pathways and 20 national targets form the framework for the present, updated NBSAP. Following article 9 in decision 15/6 of the COP, Suriname will make all necessary efforts to adopt this updated NBSAP as a policy instrument and to mainstream it (or elements thereof) with consecutive national development plans. The targets are set to be achieved by the end of the updated NBS time period, while the actions presented in this NBAP focus on the initial period of 2024 - 2030. Strategic pathways Strategic targets 1.1 Increased area % under protection 1 Conservation of Biodiversity 1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation 1.3 Protection of endangered species 1.4 Reduced risks of invasive species 2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea zoning 2.2 Reduced pollution 2 Sustainable use of Biodiversity 2.3 Sustainable land- and sea use practices 2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions 2.5 Policies for sustainable business practices

3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples knowledge and rights 3 Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic 3.2 Self-protection of traditional knowledge resources and traditional knowledge 3.3 Fair and equitable benefit sharing mechanisms 4.1 Strengthened capacities 4.2 Available financial resources 4.3 Improved education and awareness 4 Mainstreaming and 4.4 Scientific research and data collection Implementation 4.5 Climate change and biodiversity synergies 4.6 National biodiversity integration 4.7 Inclusive participation and gender equality

4.8 SDGs and biodiversity synergies Specific steps in the updating of the NBAP included: • Updating the NBS through a desk review of the national and international context, a workshop with a technical stakeholder group (April 6 th, 2023) and iterative feedback between the UNCBD focal point (Min. ROM) and stakeholders (see below) • Identifying gaps between actions in the previous NBAP and current strategic targets • Hold thematic stakeholder meetings to discuss the status quo with regard to implementation, challenges, ongoing activities, feedback on (additions/adjustments to) actions from the previous NBAP and specific points of attention to incorporate in the updated NBAP (June 2023) 5 • Draft updated actions and requesting feedback from stakeholders who participated in the thematic meetings • Internal deliberation and revision of actions • A meeting with the technical stakeholder group regarding the implementation framework of the updated NBAP (24 October 2023) • A validation workshop for final feedback and adjustments to the updated NBSAP The first pathway in the updated NBS, Biodiversity Conservation, is set toward safeguarding healthy ecosystems and maintaining or restoring their resilience in light of known and unexpected threats. Within the context of Suriname this entails improving the management and enforcement of protected areas and increasing the area under protection (Target 1.1), restoring or rehabilitating degraded, depleted or polluted ecosystems (Target 1.2), effectively protecting endangered species (Target 1.5) and managing the risks of invasive alien plant and animal species (Target 1.4). The second pathway in Suriname’s updated NBS, the sustainable use of biodiversity, is set toward comprehensively addressing the human drivers of threats (e.g. habitat loss, pollution and overexploitation) to biodiversity. These are: land conversion (Target 2.1), unsustainable economic exploitation of biological resources on land, in the sea and in aquatic ecosystems and pollution (Target 2.2, 2.3). This pathway is also set toward introducing policies and measures that support and enhance the sustainable use of biodiversity (Target 2.4, 2.5). The ultimate aim with this pathway is to reduce the pressures on and threats to Suriname’s terrestrial, marine, coastal and freshwater ecosystems, so that the provision of ecosystem services is sustained and enhanced. The third pathway in Suriname’s updated NBS is focused on genetic resources, associated traditional knowledge, and regulating access and benefit sharing (ABS) in a fair and equitable manner. In order to explore the development of sectors in the context of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, the development of legal-, institutional- and administrative framework are required. In Suriname, since much of the tacit ecological knowledge* is knowledge of indigenous and tribal peoples (ITP), it is important that this knowledge and associated rights are legally recognized (Target 3.1). In addition, capacity building of ITP communities to be aware of their rights and be able to deal with commercial or non-commercial external interests in genetic resources within their living territory (Target 3.2). Furthermore the legal, administrative and institutional frameworks to ensure fair and equitable ABS between the Government of Suriname, the owners of these resources and traditional knowledge, the private- and research sectors need to be developed (Target 3.3). The fourth pathway of Suriname’s updated NBS is set on broad integration of biodiversity and establishing the enabling conditions for achieving the biodiversity targets. Crucial conditions include adequate capacity (Target 4.1) and financing (Target 4.2), and increased awareness (Target 4.3). Furthermore a crucial foundation for informed decision making regarding biodiversity are research and monitoring (Target 4.4). As this pathway aims to promote biodiversity mainstreaming and cultivating a national sense of nature stewardship across sectors and levels, it is important to identify linkages between biodiversity and climate change (Target 4.5), the SDG’s (Target 4.8) and facilitating coordination (Target 4.6) and inclusive participation (Target 4.7). For a swift and efficient implementation of the NBSAP, attention needs to be placed on the current enabling environment. This will entail an assessment of the existing capacities, an analysis of the financial flows, and an awareness and communication plan. 6 Abbreviations ABS Access and Benefit Sharing KAMPOS Organization of Kwinti, Aluku, Matawai, Paamaka, Okanisi and Saamaka ABS General Statistics Bureau (Algemeen Bureau LVV Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry voor de Statistiek) and Fisheries (Landbouw, Veeteelt en Visserij) AdeKUS Anton de Kom University of Suriname MAS Maritime Authority Suriname ACTO Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization NBS National Biodiversity Strategy BBS National Herbarium Suriname NBAP National Biodiversity Action Plan BGCI Botanical Gardens Conservation International NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan BIBIS Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International NCCR National Centre for Coordination of Disasters Business and Cooperation Suriname BIZA Ministry of Internal Affairs (Binnenlandse NH Ministry of Natural Resources (Natuurlijke Zaken) Hulpbronnen) BOG Bureau for Public Health (Bureau Openbare NIMOS National Institute for Environment and Gezondheid) Development in Suriname CeDePes Centre for Development and Sustainable NMA National Environment Authority (Nationale ca Fisheries (Centro Desarrollo y Pesca Sustentable) Milieu Authoriteit) CELOS Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname NTA National Tourism Authority (Centrum voor Landbouwkundig Onderzoek Suriname) CITES Convention on International Trade in NZCS National Zoological Collection Suriname Endangered Species CMO Centre for Environmental Research (Centrum OW Ministry of Public Works (Openbare Werken) voor Milieuonderzoek) CRFM Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism OWC Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Onderwijs, Wetenschap en Cultuur) CSO Civil society organisations ROM Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment (Ruimteljke Ordening en Milieu) DEF Ministry of Defense ROS Ministry of Regional Development and Sport (Regoinale Ontwikkeling en Sport) EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ROS- Department of Sustainable Development of DOAS Afro Surinamese Peoples EU European Union ROS-DOI Department of Sustainable Development of Indigenous Peoples EZOTI Ministry of Economic Affairs, Entrepreneurship SBB Foundation for Forest Management and and Technological Innovation (Economische Production Control (Stichting Bosbeheer en Zaken, Ondernemerschap en Technologische Bostoezicht) Innovatie) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization SCF Suriname Conservation Foundation GBB Ministry of Land and Forest Management SDGs Sustainable Development Goals (Grondbeleid en Bosbeheer) GBB – Department of Nature Management (Afdeling SNRI- Stichting National Rice Research Institute - NB Natuurbeheer) ADRON Anne van Dijk Rice Research Centre Nickerie GBF (Kunming-Montreal) Global Biodiversity Stinasu Foundation for Nature Management Suriname Framework (Stichting Natuurbeheer Suriname) GBFF Global Biodiversity Framework Fund Stidunal Foundation for Sustainable Nature Management in Alusiaka (stichting in Galibi) GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility TCT Ministry of Transport, Communication and Tourism GEF Global Environment Facility UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 7 GEF-SGP Global Environment Facility Small Grants UNDP United Nations Development Program Program IDB Inter American Development Bank VIDS Association of Indigenous Leaders in Suriname ITP Indigenous and Tribal Peoples WB World Bank IWGDS Institute for Women, Gender and Development WECAFC Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission Studies (AdeKUS) JusPol Ministry of Justice and Police 8 1 Introduction

1.1 Suriname’s updated Biodiversity Strategy In 2023, Suriname updated its National Biodiversity Strategy (NBS) for a new period 2024-2035. This is in line with the UNCBD Conference of the Parties decision 15/6, which requests Parties to revise and update their NBSAP aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and its goals and targets before the 16th Conference of the Parties (see also annex 1). In doing so, Suriname re-commits itself to the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (UNCBD) and all the articles it contains, and to working toward a future where its biodiversity is safeguarded and sustainably contributes to its development. The updated NBS envisions a future where Suriname follows through on the national commitments, presented in its updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), to value and conserve its diverse natural and cultural heritage, including traditional knowledge, for present and future generations, by protecting, sustainably using and restoring Suriname’s biodiversity in all sectors on land and in sea, and enhancing benefits from healthy ecosystems for all of society. The achieve this, the updated NBS outlines four pathways and associated targets which provide the framework for the updated National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP): 1. Conservation of biodiversity – Suriname’s healthy ecosystems are safeguarded and their resilience maintained and restored. 2. Sustainable use of biodiversity – Pressures on and threats to Suriname’s terrestrial, marine, coastal and freshwater ecosystems are reduced, so that the provision of ecosystem services is sustained and enhanced. 3. Fair access and equitable benefit sharing – A well-developed and functioning national access and benefit sharing (ABS) legal-, institutional- and administrative framework enables the equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of Suriname’s genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge between the Government of Suriname, the owners of these resources and traditional knowledge, the private- and research sectors. 4. Mainstreaming and enabling conditions – A national sense of nature stewardship is cultivated across sectors and levels, structurally supported by: credible and legitimate research, capable institutions, increased awareness, financing schemes and inclusive participation.

1.2 Objectives and rationale of the updated Biodiversity Action Plan Following article 9 in decision 15/6 of the COP, Suriname will make all necessary efforts to adopt the updated NBSAP as a policy instrument and to mainstream it (or elements thereof) with consecutive national development plans, and other relevant national strategies and (cross-)sectoral plans. The updated NBAP follows the context and pathways in the updated NBS. The national context described and the priorities identified in the NBS highlight the issues and circumstances in Suriname requiring action and set the strategic framework for formulating these actions. The objectives of the NBAP are aligned with the strategic targets elaborated in the updated NBS. Table 1 Links between Suriname’s updated NBSAP targets and GBF targets Strategic pathways Strategic targets Link with GBF

1.1 Increased area % under protection GBF target 3 Terrestrial, marine and wetland protected areas in Suriname GBF target 8 comprise 30% of the total area and are effectively managed, GBF target 11 including in the EEZ, covering unique and vulnerable ecosystems in all parts of the country

1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation Suriname has initiated ecological restoration and GBF target 2 1 Conservation of rehabilitation of degraded, polluted or depleted terrestrial, GBF target 11 Biodiversity marine and aquatic ecosystems using evidence-based procedures, norms and national guidelines

1.3 Protection of endangered species Suriname effectively protects endangered animal and plant GBF target 4 species through coordinated management and monitoring GBF target 5 9 Strategic pathways Strategic targets Link with GBF systems and has the required technical and financial GBF target 9 capacity for the enforcement of wildlife trade regulations.

1.4 Reduced risks of invasive species GBF target 6 Suriname has increased awareness and developed early detection and management systems for preventing the introduction of exotic species and reducing the risks and impact from invasive species.

2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea zoning Suriname has adopted terrestrial and marine spatial planning GBF target 1 laws and regulations, including zoning and integrated GBF target 10 management plans, to minimize unsustainable ecosystem conversion or degradation

2.2 Reduced pollution Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of ecosystem GBF target 7 from various sectors through established national environmental quality standards, integrated waste management- and monitoring systems in line with national legislation

2.3 Sustainable land- and sea use practices Suriname enforces the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity GBF target 10 in land-, sea- and freshwater use economic sectors through GBF target 11 2 Sustainable use of responsible practices and technologies, in line with sound GBF target 5 Biodiversity land use planning and zoning

2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions GBF target 11 Based on increased evidence-based understanding on GBF target 12 ecosystem services, Suriname’s public, private and societal organizations incorporate nature-based solutions in urban planning, climate resilience, food production systems and the development of sustainable livelihood options.

2.5 Policies for sustainable business practices Suriname has set priorities and developed a plan for phasing GBF target 15 out or reforming subsidies and incentives for the private GBF target 16 sector that are harmful for biodiversity and for regulating GBF target 18 incentives in favour of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity including transparency and compliance.

3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples knowledge and rights GBF target 13 The collective traditional knowledge and associated GBF target 21 intellectual rights of indigenous and tribal communities are GBF target 22 recognized in Suriname’s legislation

3.2 Self-protection of traditional knowledge Indigenous, tribal and other local communities have 3 Fair and equitable capacities and respected structures for protecting their GBF target 13 sharing of benefits traditional knowledge and managing community territory GBF target 21 from the use of biological resources genetic resources and 3.3 Fair and equitable benefit sharing mechanisms traditional knowledge The access and benefit sharing provisions of the UNCBD are GBF target 13 incorporated in national legislation and transparent procedures for the protection of genetic resources, bioprospecting, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits, recognizing the rights, including intellectual property rights, of all Surinamese citizens 10 Strategic pathways Strategic targets Link with GBF

4.1 Strengthened capacities The capacity of Suriname’s institutions and relevant groups GBF target 20 are strengthened for effective management, monitoring and evaluation, technical cooperation, fund mobilizing and science-policy communication of the NBSAP implementation.

4.2 Available financial resources Suriname has increased its national budget for biodiversity- GBF target 19 related policy areas and has improved knowledge of and access to international finance, including innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting, and synergies with climate financing.

4.3 Improved education and awareness The importance of biodiversity and the nature-human relationship are structurally integrated in Suriname’s education curricula for elementary and middle school, and in awareness campaigns on related issues.

4.4 Scientific research and data collection Increased Surinamese scientific research, including GBF target 21 community-based research, is published, linked to national databases, and contributes to credible and legitimate 4 Mainstreaming and knowledge on Suriname’s biodiversity in the broadest sense. Implementation 4.5 Climate change and biodiversity synergies There is increased understanding of the risks and impacts of GBF target 8 climate change on terrestrial and marine biodiversity in Suriname and of how biodiversity can be integrated in climate adaptation strategies.

4.6 National biodiversity integration Suriname has harmonized environmental and economic GBF target 14 policies and all relevant government-, civil society- and private sector organizations are involved in the NBSAP implementation.

4.7 Inclusive participation and gender equality Suriname’s biodiversity policies include gender-responsive GBF target 22 actions and these are implemented through inclusive GBF target 23 participation mechanisms, considering intersectionality and outcomes that effectively improve the situation of vulnerable groups, including indigenous and tribal peoples, women and youth.

4.8 SDGs and biodiversity synergies There is increased understanding of the synergies between GBF section D biodiversity protection and achieving the SDGs in the Surinamese context, for efficient measures, monitoring and financing. The targets are set to be achieved by the end of the updated NBS time period, while the actions presented in this NBAP focus on the initial period of 2024 - 2030. The actions contribute to achieving the targets and were formulated mainly based on: i) the relevant actions in the previous NBAP 2012-2016, and ii) thematic meetings with stakeholders. The updated actions are formulated to provide an overarching, policy level direction with regard to biodiversity, and at the same time be as concrete as possible to enable practical implementation. This was done for several reasons, so the updated actions are: • Aiming to address urgent or underlying issues in the changed national context since 2011 • Responding to existing or planned initiatives • More concrete and easier to monitor during implementation • Contributing to outcomes toward the target • Reflecting focus areas indicated by stakeholders during the thematic meetings 11 Despite the distinct formulation, care was taken to ensure that the updated actions are in line with the previous 2012-2016 and incorporate their essence, as this remains relevant given the implementation status of the previous NBAP. The importance of this document being actionable, lead to formulation of actions per target to be coherent. As such, each target and associated actions, including synergetic targets (section 2) can be used to develop projects for securing financing. Lastly, the actions were developed to lead to intermediate outcomes toward the targets (which in turn can be perceived as ‘end’ outcomes). The monitoring and evaluation framework, described in section 3, provides the framework for observing and documenting progress of the NBSAP implementation and can provide input for national reporting obligations.

1.3 Applied methodology for updating the NBAP The NBAP was updated following the drafting of the update NBS. This was done in a phased process consisting of a desk review of the changed national and international context, consulting a technical group of stakeholders and meeting with a broader group of stakeholders. Due to budget restrictions, it was not possible to conduct consultations in geographic areas outside of Paramaribo, and most stakeholder meetings were conducted in a virtual setting. Specific steps in the updating of the NBAP included: • Updating the NBS through a desk review of the national and international context, a workshop with a technical stakeholder group (April 6th, 2023) and iterative feedback between the UNCBD focal point (Min. ROM) and stakeholders (see below) • Identifying gaps between actions in the previous NBAP and current strategic targets • Hold thematic stakeholder meetings to discuss the status quo with regard to implementation, challenges, ongoing activities, feedback on (additions/adjustments to) actions from the previous NBAP and specific points of attention to incorporate in the updated NBAP (June 2023) • Draft updated actions and requesting feedback from stakeholders who participated in the thematic meetings • Internal deliberation and revision of actions • A meeting with the technical stakeholder group regarding the implementation framework of the updated NBAP (24 October 2023) • A validation workshop for final feedback and adjustments to the updated NBSAP

1.4 Assumptions and enabling conditions for implementation The updated NBSAP was developed based on certain assumptions. To ensure timely and effective implementation of the updated NBSAP, significant efforts need to be put in acquiring funding from international and national sources. This involves writing of project and program financing proposals and requires ownership from the organization in charge of coordinating and monitoring NBSAP implementation, and the UNCBD focal point. Furthermore, the actions framework mentions key or lead responsible agencies and key partners for implementing actions, most, if not all, of whom were involved during the development of the updated NBSAP. It is assumed that these organizations recognize their role and important contribution in achieving Suriname’s national biodiversity vision. The conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity concerns all of us, but the responsibility to kick-start action and coordinate for achieving outcomes lies within the mandates and competencies of relevant organizations. The targets of the NBSAP 2024-2035 can only be achieved when we are willing to expeditiously take actions and collaborate in an efficient manner.

1.5 The structure of this document The remainder of the document following this section details the various actions for achieving each strategic target. Section 2 provides the actions framework per strategic pathway and target. Within each pathway, the strategic targets are elaborated in tables with associated actions contributing to the target. Above each table a brief introductory text is provided describing the relevant context and rationale behind the formulated actions for that target. Furthermore, each table consists of several components: • Strategic target: Definition of the target as described in the updated NBS • Actions: Various interventions to be implemented relevant for achieving the target • Timeline: Timing of actions that i) short term - start within the first two years of implementation and under normal circumstances can be (largely) completed within the NBAP time period, ii) medium term – start between years 3 and 5 and may continue beyond the NBAP timeframe 12 • Key required capacity: Main capacity required for implementing the interventions. Note that this does not refer to actual detailed capacity needs at the relevant organizations, as a national capacity assessment is yet to be implemented. • Lead/key responsible agency: An indication of the organization deemed most appropriate for and in charge of implementing the action. Being in charge refers to fulfilling a leading, coordinating role. Note that Min. ROM generally has a coordinating and overall oversight responsibility when it comes to NBSAP implementation and will need to liaise regularly with lead responsible agencies. • Key partners: Main stakeholders expected to play an important role or contribute to the implementation of the action. Note that this is not an exhaustive list, does not focus on organisations that are mainly to kept informed, and other partner stakeholders can be included at any time as deemed necessary for implementation. • Estimated costs: A rough estimation of the costs for the corresponding action, based on the 5-year implementation period. • Synergies: The linkages and dependencies between actions and targets (i.e. which actions directly contribute to or are supported by achieving other targets), and with the SDG’s or other relevant national plans. The actions described in the following section are based on a distinction between made between actions important i) in the short term (start within year 1 or year 2 after finances have been secured), ii) in the medium term (start within years 3 to 5), and iii) in the long term (start after 5 years). Actions that would or could only start after 5 years, e.g. due to their extent or dependency on other actions basically are not a part of the present action framework. They are suggested as potential follow-up actions toward the end of section 2. Actions scheduled to be initiated in the period 2024-2030 period may however continue after 2030. Based on the above, it may be understood that this action plan has a limited lifespan, and that at a given moment (in principle prior to the end of 2030), a new action plan is to be prepared. It will therefore be useful to monitor and assess the NBAP 2024-2030 (section 3). 13 2 Strategic actions framework

2.1 Conservation of biodiversity The first pathway in the updated NBS, Biodiversity Conservation, is set toward safeguarding healthy ecosystems and maintaining or restoring their resilience in light of known and unexpected threats. Within the context of Suriname this entails improving the management and enforcement of protected areas and increasing the area under protection (Target 1.1), restoring or rehabilitating degraded, depleted or polluted ecosystems (Target 1.2), effectively protecting endangered species (Target 1.5) and managing the risks of invasive alien plant and animal species (Target 1.4). Target 1.1 Effective management of protected areas and increased areas under protection Current protected areas account for 13% of the total area of Suriname and the country is set on maintaining its most forested status. However, this needs to be further solidified by significantly improving the effectiveness of protected areas and expanding the area under protection, e.g. to unique and crucial ecosystems. Currently, the Ministry of GBB-NB is tasked with management of protected areas and enforcement of relevant laws, but is in need of financial, technical and human capacity strengthening. Given the national context, management of protect areas would benefit from efficient coordination and collaboration within the government, including cost-wise. Effective protected area management would further benefit from the legal incorporation of innovative co-management models, with due consideration to gender aspects and the position of ITP communities. Furthermore, it is important to recognize the crucial ecological value of ecosystems other than forests which Suriname harbours, including marine and wetland ecosystems, and having these represented within the total area under protection. Lastly, to achieve this target it is necessary to update national legislation for protected areas and nature management. Planned adjustments to the Environmental Framework Act and the expected parliament discussion on the draft Nature Management Act imply that there will be a need to evaluate and streamline the main responsibilities and mandates of the Ministries of Spatial Planning and Environment, the Ministry of Land policy and Forest Management, the yet to be instated National Environmental Authority (currently NIMOS), the Nature Management Authority and Nature Protection Commission mentioned in the draft Nature Management Act, and the national Biodiversity Commission. The actions under this target are closely supported by actions related to biodiversity monitoring, protection of endangered species, and spatial planning to reduce encroachment and other threats to protected areas. Table 2 Strategic actions framework – target 1.1

1.1 Increased area % under protection Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Key required capacity Lead/key Key partners Estimated Synergies responsible costs agency - Stakeholder engagement Min. GBB – NB in NZCS, BBS, $ 119,448

1.1. Terrestrial, marine 1.1.1. Identify with biodiversity-related Short term - Technical specialists in ecology, partnership with CELOS, and aquatic protected scientists and stakeholders unique or conservation or environmental other government Consortium of areas in Suriname vulnerable ecosystem areas, animal- science research institutes NGO’s, Min. LVV – comprise 30% of the and plant species in critical need of Dir. Fisheries, Min total area and are protection and monitoring ROM –Dir. Spatial effectively managed, Planning 14 including in the EEZ, Short-term - Protected areas management Min. GBB - NB ITP authority $ 119,448 Target 1.3 covering unique and specialist representatives (Wildlife)

1.1.2 Critically evaluate co-management vulnerable ecosystems in - Right- and stakeholder engagement (VIDS, KAMPOS, models for protected areas with all parts of the country specialist VSG, others) and Target 2.1 stakeholders and rightsholders, and organisations, (Sound spatial update legal provisions Conservation planning and NGO’s, Min. BiZa – zoning) Gender Bureau

1.1.3. Revisedraft Nature Management Short-term - (Environmental) Legal expert(s) Min. GBB in Consortium of $ 92,676 Target 4.4 law and revise as needed with regard to partnership with NGO’s, SBB (Research, protected areas, effective management National Parliament monitoring) and in relation to other recently Committee approved environmental legislation, and re-submit for approval in Parliament SDG 14 Medium- - (Environmental/Nature) Legal Min. GBB – NB with ITP authority $ 231,690 SDG 15 term expert(s) National Parliament representatives

1.1.4. Establish by law new terrestrial (VIDS, KAMPOS, protected areas, based on best available VSG, others) and data, existing proposals, previous organisations, (baseline) studies, ESIA reports and Conservation NGO’s, agreed upon ecological criteria Min. ROM – Dir. Spatial Planning, NMA (NIMOS) Short-term - Marine protected areas specialist Min. LVV – Dir. Min. ROM – Dir. $ 337,890

1.1.5. Establish by law marine protected - Legal expert(s) Fisheries with Min. Spatial Planning, areas based on best available data, GBB-NB and NMA (NIMOS), existing proposals and ESIA's National Parliament Conservation NGO’s

1.1.6. Update and implement the Medium- - Integrated coastal zone Min GBB – NB with LVV $ 76,968 Integrated Coastal Zone Management term management specialist Min. ROM Plan Short-term - Protected areas / Nature Min. GBB - NB ITP authority $ 356,820

1.1.7 Update protected area’s management specialist representatives management plans, incorporating - Indigenous- and tribal peoples (VIDS, KAMPOS, strategies for addressing current and traditional governance & community VSG, others) and future threats, and options for co- engagement specialist organisations, management Stinasu, Stidunal

1.1.8 Strengthen human, technical and Short-term - Specialist in organisational Min. GBB - NB Stinasu, Stidunal $ 968,640 financial capacity of LBB/NB for effective management management of protected areas and - Biodiversity and protected area efficient coordination with other relevant monitoring specialist(s) 15 government and non-government - Technical personnel tasked with organisations biodiversity and protected area monitoring - Personnel tasked with management of various protected areas - Technical knowledge on specific ecosystem - Personnel tasked with overseeing restoration and rehabilitation procedures and initiatives - Increased personnel tasked with enforcement - Increased budget for LBB/NB Target 1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation The concept of restoration and rehabilitation is fairly new to Suriname and not yet widely or structurally applied. However, in light of retaining ecological integrity and resilience of ecosystems and given (among others) the continued economic focus on extractive industries, it can be expected that restoration and rehabilitation will only become more relevant in the future. Even for sectors whose destructive or degrading impact is at times less visible than e.g. gold mining, such as fisheries and agriculture, restoration and rehabilitation are relevant for issues such as depleted fish stocks and soil fertility. It is thus important to gather information on the state of Suriname’s ecosystems. The nature of this target is anticipatory, focused on preparing systematic procedures and (sectoral) policies to restoration and rehabilitation in general, and in particular to highly destructive activities such as gold mining. Table 3 Strategic actions framework – target 1.2

1.2 Active ecological restoration and rehabilitation Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Key required capacity Lead Key partners Estimated Synergies responsible costs agency

1.2.1. Assess the state of ecosystems Short – - Technical specialists in Min. GBB – NB Min. NH, Min.

1.2 Suriname has initiated with regard to degradation, pollution Medium-term ecology, wildlife and in partnership LVV, AdeKUS $ 451,620 ecological restoration and and depletion, identifying causes, environmental quality with rehabilitation of degraded, opportunities and challenges Min. ROM Target 2.2 polluted or depleted (Pollution)

1.2.2 Set priorities for mitigation of Short-term - Ecological restoration and Min. GBB – NB Min. NH, Min. terrestrial, marine and negative impacts, ecological restoration rehabilitation specialist(s) in partnership LVV, SBB, aquatic ecosystems using $ 119,448 and rehabilitation of degraded, polluted - Stakeholder engagement with AdeKUS, ITP evidence-based procedures, or depleted ecosystems specialist Min. ROM organisations 16 norms and national 1.2.3. Develop and adopt general Short-term - Stakeholder engagement Min. GBB – NB Min. NH, Min. Target 2.3 guidelines procedures for initiating ecological - Ecological restoration and LVV, SBB, Min. (Sustainable land- and restoration and rehabilitation processes rehabilitation specialist(s) ROM, AdeKUS, sea use practices) $ 119,448 of terrestrial, marine and aquatic NMA (NIMOS), Target 2.5 ecosystems, in consultation with ITP (Policies and relevant stakeholders organisations incentives for

1.2.4. Develop or adapt scientific Medium-term - Sectoral and/or ecosystem- Min. GBB – NB NGO’s, NMA businesses) rehabilitation and restoration protocols specialists in partnership (NIMOS), relevant Target 4.4 for specific cases of degraded, polluted, - Ecological restoration and with AdeKUS NGO’s, AdeKUS $ 161,928 (Research) and depleted ecosystems and key rehabilitation specialist scientific species following destructive activities, - Wildlife specialists institutes, ITP e.g. mining organisations SDG 13

1.2.5. Preliminary adjustment land-, Medium-term - Ecological restoration and Min. GBB – NB Min. ROM, Min. SDG 14 sea- and aquatic use sectoral policies rehabilitation specialists NH, Min. LVV, SDG 15 $ 268,290 and regulations to incorporate ecological - (Sectoral) policy makers SBB, NMA restoration and rehabilitation Short-term - Mining rehabilitation specialist Min. NH Min. GBB – NB, - Environmental technologists Min. ROM, NMA - Responsible mining specialist (NIMOS), ITP

1.2.6. Finalize draft mining law in light - Legal experts organisations, of responsible practices and Suriname rehabilitation, reducing negative impact Extractive $ 246,888 on biodiversity and the environment, Industries and submit for approval in Parliament Transparency Initiative Multi- Stakeholder Group (SEITI) Medium-term - Sectoral and/or ecosystem- Min. GBB – NB Min. ROM, Min. specific ecological restoration NH, Min. LVV,

1.2.7. Initiate restoration and/or and rehabilitation specialists SBB, NMA, rehabilitation of prioritized areas, $ 1,202,400 - Wildlife specialists AdeKUS ecosystems or species - Environmental technologists scientific institutes, NGO’s Target 1.3 Protection of endangered species and effective wildlife management In Suriname, wildlife is important as food and they are hunted, collected alive and cultivated to be domestic animals. In large parts of the coastal zone, game species have become scarce for long, as well as in the more densely populated areas of the interior. Effectively protecting species that have an endangered status 17 given by organizations such as IUCN and CITES, requires upgrading relevant legislation that directly and indirectly impacts the protection of wild animals and plants species. In order to do so, taking an evidence-based approach, data and best estimates of e.g. population numbers and pressures are required. This is highly relevant for adjusting the open seasons for specific species for effective protection. It is also highly relevant in areas where known threats exist, but also in more remote areas where communities depend on wildlife for food, data and control are especially scarce and threats may not be known yet. To this end and following global trends in wildlife status, it is relevant to carefully evaluate the wildlife trade and measures to address poaching. Table 4 Strategic actions framework – target 1.3

1.3 Protection of endangered species Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

1.3.1. Evaluate and revise the Game Short – - (Environment/ nature) Min. GBB - NB NZCS, BBS, Law, Forest Management Law and medium-term Legal experts CELOS, other

1.3 Suriname effectively other regulations for the protection, - Stakeholder engagement relevant AdeKUS $ 135,156 protects endangered animal sustainable harvest and trade of wild institutes, and plant species through animals and plants for approval relevant NGO’s coordinated management and monitoring systems and Medium-term - Ecologists/ wildlife / aquatic Indigenous and Min. ROS DOAS, has the required technical ecosystems specialists tribal peoples DOI, District and financial capacity for the 1.3.2. Support assessments of the authority Commissioners, Target 1.1 enforcement of wildlife trade state of and (external) pressures on representatives NGO’s (Protected areas) regulations. biodiversity in indigenous and tribal (VIDS, KAMPOS, $ 345,420 community territories on which VSG, others) and Target 4.4 communities depend organisations in (Research, partnership with monitoring) Min. GBB - NB Short-term - Ecologists/ wildlife / aquatic Min. GBB - NB NZCS, BBS,

1.3.3 Assess threats to endangered ecosystems specialists CELOS, other SDG 15 and vulnerable species and identify relevant AdeKUS $ 345,420 management actions for addressing institutes, ITP threats organisations, NGO’s Short-term - (Illegal) Wildlife trade Min. GBB - NB NGO’s, CITES

1.3.4 Assess the impact of the licensed specialists scientific bodies, wildlife trade, including spin-off effects, - Ecologists/ wildlife / aquatic Nature $ 119,448 on biodiversity and endangered species ecosystems specialists Protection Commission 18 Short-term - (Illegal) Wildlife trade Min. GBB - NB National specialists Customs,

1.3.5. Evaluate and update sanctions - Policy makers National $ 92,676 for poaching and illegal wildlife trade Prosecution’s Office, Licensed wildlife traders Short-term - Knowledge on poaching and Min. GBB – NB, in Min. JusPol,

1.3.6. Strengthen capacity of LBB/NB illegal wildlife trade in partnership with National and other relevant stakeholders and Suriname ITP authority Customs, US establish cooperative structures for - Safety and security representatives Embassy, ITP $ 717,240 effective enforcement of relevant protocols (VIDS, KAMPOS, organisations wildlife laws and illegal trade VSG, others) and organisations Target 1.4 Reduced risk of invasive alien species Invasive alien species are biological species (plants, animals, and micro-organisms) that mostly do not occur naturally in Suriname, but have been intentionally or accidentally introduced by people, and have consequently dispersed and reproduced in nature, often at the expense of indigenous species, and possibly with adverse consequences for humans and the environment in Suriname. Uncontrolled introduction and spread of dangerous objects or substances (toxic substances such as mercury, cyanide, biocides) and organisms (so-called invasive species) can cause grave damage to the environment and biodiversity, especially in protected areas where nature conservation is the first priority. This can also present risks to human health, which is also linked to the health of the environment. Up to date and field-based data is needed to support the development of measures and regulations that aim to reduce the risks and impact of invasive alien species. The import of dangerous objects, substances and organisms should be carefully regulated and controlled; in case of risks, measures need to be taken to prevent or limit damage. Effectively reducing the risks of invasive alien species requires structural collaboration between different types of stakeholders and implies dependencies with actions concerning e.g. monitoring, sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices, and rehabilitation. Table 5 Strategic actions framework – target 1.4

1.4 Reduced risks of invasive species Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead Key partners Estimated Synergies responsible costs agency Short-term - Ecologist/ invasive Min. LVV in NZCS, BBS, CELOS, Target 1.2

1.4.1. Assess the extent of risks, species specialist partnership Medical Scientific (Restoration and

1.4 Suriname has increased challenges and opportunities of the $ 308,820 with Min. GBB Institute (MWI), rehabilitation) awareness and developed introduction, spread and impact of other relevant early detection and invasive alien plant and animal species AdeKUS institutes, 19 management systems for on local ecosystem- and human health BOG, ITP Target 1.3 preventing the introduction and update existing inventory organisations (Wildlife) of exotic species and reducing the risks and Short-term - Legal experts Min. LVV in NZCS, BBS, CELOS, Target 2.3

1.4.2. Develop and approve laws to impact from invasive partnership MWI, other relevant (Sustainable land- and register, monitor and control the species. with Min. GBB AdeKUS institutes, $ 92,676 sea use practices) introduction of invasive alien species National Customs, and associated risks BOG, private sector Target 4.4 (Research, monitoring)

1.4.3. Develop policies and measures Medium- - Ecologists/ invasive Min. LVV in NZCS, BBS, CELOS, for managing risks to local ecosystem term species specialist partnership MWI, other relevant and human health and addressing - Policy makers with Min. GBB AdeKUS institutes, $ 222,090 SDG 14 negative impacts from invasive alien NMA (NIMOS), BOG, SDG 15 species ITP organisations Short-term - Stakeholder Min. LVV in NZCS, BBS, CELOS,

1.4.4. Engage with relevant engagement partnership other relevant stakeholders to upgrade existing - Ecologists/ invasive with Min. GBB AdeKUS institutes, $ 675,780 policies and systems for early detection species specialists NGO’s, ITP and monitoring of invasive alien species organisations Short-term - Stakeholder engagement Min. LVV in NMA (NIMOS),

1.4.5 Establish a structural network of - Ecologists/ invasive partnership National Customs, stakeholders to collaborate on reducing species specialists with Min. GBB AdeKUS scientific $ 389,760 risks and addressing negative impact institutes, BOG, from invasive alien species NGO’s, ITP organisations

2.2 Sustainable use of biodiversity The second pathway in Suriname’s updated NBS, the sustainable use of biodiversity, is set toward comprehensively addressing the human drivers of threats (e.g. habitat loss, pollution and overexploitation) to biodiversity. These are: land conversion (Target 2.1), unsustainable economic exploitation of biological resources on land, in the sea and in aquatic ecosystems and pollution (Target 2.2, 2.3). This pathway is also set toward introducing policies and measures that support and enhance the sustainable use of biodiversity (Target 2.4, 2.5). The ultimate aim with this pathway is to reduce the pressures on and threats to Suriname’s terrestrial, marine, coastal and freshwater ecosystems, so that the provision of ecosystem services is sustained and enhanced. Target 2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea use zoning Land- and sea use are the main drivers behind habitat loss and fragmentation worldwide, and this is no different in Suriname. Conversion of land for agriculture, urban expansion, mining and infrastructure is necessary for Suriname social-economic development, and with an abundance of surface area, its impact may be underestimated. Calling upon the precautionary principle, in any case land conversion cannot be allowed to lead to excessive damage to vulnerable ecosystems and 20 species. To minimize unsustainable conversion of land and enhance efficient land- and sea area use allocation, sound spatial planning is essential. Although this has been lacking and leading to uncoordinated and unsustainable land use planning for a long time in Suriname, recent efforts toward national spatial planning both on land and in marine areas, if persistent, will contribute to addressing existing threats to biodiversity. It is important to seize the opportunity, making use of current momentum, for incorporating biodiversity-related aspects into draft laws and zoning policies, and increasing capacities on that front. E.g. areas of high or vulnerable biodiversity, natural buffer areas and integrated approaches making use of nature-based solutions. Table 6 Strategic actions framework – target 2.1

2.1 Sound spatial planning and land- and sea zoning Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

2.1 Suriname has adopted 2.1.1. Increase capacities of Short-term - Biodiversity specialist(s) Min. ROM – Dir. Min. ROM – Dir. terrestrial and marine government- and semi-governmental - Increased personnel Spatial Planning in Environment, other Target 1.1 spatial planning laws and bodies for (marine) biodiversity-inclusive, tasked with spatial partnership with the Ministry sub- $ 648,120 (Protected areas) regulations, including zoning integrated spatial planning, sustainable planning and related National Planning departments and integrated management land- and sea use zoning processes at national and Office relevant for spatial Target 2.3 plans, to minimize subnational level planning (Sustainable land- unsustainable ecosystem

2.1.2. With input from relevant Short-term - Legal experts Min. ROM – Dir. Min. ROM – Dir. and sea use conversion or degradation stakeholders, finalize, submit and - Biodiversity specialists Spatial Planning in Environment, other practices) approve a biodiversity-inclusive national - Spatial planning partnership with the Ministry sub- $ 177,636 Target 2.4 Spatial Planning Law that supports specialists National Planning departments (Ecosystem services integrated land and water-resource Office relevant for spatial and nature-based management planning solutions)

2.1.3. Develop and approve Short-term - Legal experts Min. ROM – Dir. Min. ROM – Dir. Target 3.1 implementing decrees for national law on - Biodiversity specialists Spatial Planning in Environment, other (Recognition of ITP spatial planning, taking into account - Spatial planning partnership with the Ministry sub- $ 177,636 knowledge and areas of high/unique biodiversity specialists National Planning departments associated rights) importance and principles of integrated Office relevant for spatial water resource management planning SDG 6 SDG 9 Medium- - Policy makers Min. ROM – Dir. Min. ROM – Dir.

2.1.4. Finalize and enact land zoning SDG 11 term - Spatial planning Spatial Planning in Environment, other policy and standards, incorporating intact SDG 14 specialists partnership with the Ministry sub- critical biodiversity areas, healthy living $ 444,090 SDG 15 - Biodiversity/ National Planning departments environments and controlling the Environmental specialist Office relevant for spatial agriculture frontier planning 21

2.1.5 Evaluate Law on Maritime Zoning Short-term - Legal experts Min. LVV in Other Ministry sub- National REDD+ (Wet Maritieme Zones) and develop - Marine biodiversity partnership with Min. departments Strategy $ 161,928 marine spatial planning policies specialist ROM relevant for spatial - Fishery specialist planning Target 2.2 Reducing risks of pollution Pollution is recognized as a significant threat to biodiversity loss as it affects the health of entire ecosystems. Pollution is particularly devastating for marine and freshwater ecosystems. The context of Suriname still requires a lot of progress to be made for controlling environmental quality as there is little quantitative information on the state of ecosystems with regard to pollution, and probable point and non-point sources of pollution (e.g. daily household activities, industrial or manufacturing activities) are largely unmonitored and untreated. The recent approval of the Environmental Framework Law is an important milestone in that light. As there is little data available, pollution risks in various sectors need to be assessed and the extent of their impact documented. These risks relate to, for example heavy metals in mining, fertilizer and pesticides in agriculture, plastic, persistent organic pollutants and other contaminants or forms of pollution from manufacturing processes and consumption. Moreover, the institutional framework for integrated waste management, the regulation of import and use of harmful substances, and adequate monitoring, needs to be further developed and streamlined. The actions under this target are closely linked with actions related to sustainable land- and sea use, policies and incentives for businesses, restoration and rehabilitation efforts, and increasing awareness and education on the risks and impacts. Table 7 Strategic actions framework – target 2.2

2.2 Reduced pollution Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

2.2.1. Streamline national policies Short-term - Legal experts Min. ROM/NMA in Min. LVV – Dir. and responsibilities for waste- and - Policy makers partnership with Agriculture, Min. NH, Target 1.2 pollution management and set-up an - Technical advisors Min. OW Min. EZOTI $ 76,968 (Restoration and inter-ministerial, interdisciplinary rehabilitation) pollution taskforce

2.2 Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of 2.2.2 Initiate the quantification of Medium- - Technical specialists in Min. ROM/ NMA Min. LVV, Min. OW, Target 2.3 ecosystem from various the nationwide state of polluted and term environmental quality Min. NH, Min. EZOTI, (Sustainable land- and sectors through established contaminated ecosystems and and toxicology Min. ROS, AdeKUS $ 158,360 sea use practices) national environmental identify point- and non-point sources - Pollution management scientific institutes, quality standards, integrated of pollution to be addressed specialists NGO’s Target 2.5 waste management- and

2.2.3. Develop an integrated waste Medium- - Integrated waste Min. ROM, NMA in Min. EZOTI, (Policies and incentives monitoring systems in line management plan, based on the term management partnership with AdeKUS scientific for businesses) with national legislation identification of priorities for - Stakeholder Min. OW institutes, NGO’s $ 135,156 ecosystem remediation and engagement reduction of pollution risks together Target 4.3 with relevant stakeholders (Education and 22

2.2.4. Develop and approve Short-term - Plastic pollution/waste Min. ROM with NMA Min. LVV – Dir. awareness; 4.3.6, coordinated regulations for specialist Fisheries, Min. OW, 4.3.7) managing plastic waste and its - Marine biologist Min. EZOTI, NGO’s $ 337,890 impact on marine and aquatic ecosystems SDG 3 SDG 6

2.2.5. Revise import list of Short-term - Chemical waste Min. ROM with NMA National Standards SDG 12 hazardous objects, substances and specialist/ Environmental Bureau, Min. EZOTI, $ 92,676 SDG 14 develop national safety standards for technologists Min. NH, Min. LVV SDG 15 their use Minamata Convention

2.2.6. Increase capacity for Short-term - Personnel at various Min. ROM with NMA Min. EZOTI, Min. enforcement of allowed import and organisations tasked LVV, Min. NH, $ 662,640 use of hazardous objects, with enforcement Customs, NCCR substances and organisms. Medium- - Chemical waste Min. ROM with NMA NCCR, BOG, Min.

2.2.7. Prepare emergency response term specialists Def, AdeKUS plan for oil spills and hazardous - Environmental scientific institutes, $ 810,840 contamination in terrestrial and technologists Min. NH, Min. OWA, marine ecosystems - Toxicologists District Commissioners Target 2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices Suriname’s main economic sectors such as forestry, fishery, agriculture and tourism are all sectors that benefit from ecosystem services provided by nature. At the same time, land use and the use of marine and freshwater resources are known as some of the main pressures on biodiversity, due to habitat loss and overexploitation. In principle, the range of ecosystem products that humans use can be produced in a sustainable manner. However, the land-, sea- and freshwater use sectors in Suriname need evaluation with regard to sustainability and impact on biodiversity. The catch of among other things shrimp off the coast of Suriname has reached a plateau, which indicates that a transition is urgently needed to sustain offshore fishing, based on sustainable harvest and a general mitigation of damage to the biodiversity of the sea and of the coastal area. In the rivers and swamps of parts of the coastal zone and the interior, the commercially interesting and bigger freshwater fish such as Kwie-Kwie (Hoplosternum littorale) and Anjumara (Hoplias aimara) have become scarce, which indicates that also in this respect there is a need to proceed to sustainable fisheries. The effective application of measures for sustainable timber- and plant NTFP harvest requires some adjustment of policies and regulation, particularly by formalizing reduced impact logging and working in the direction of certification of sustainable forestry operations. There is also a need for restoration of forest areas that were damaged by clear cutting or overexploitation. For the past 7 years agriculture has been based on the Agriculture National Master Plan, but the integration of biodiversity aspects has been limited. Biodiversity aspects in agriculture are not just based on enhancing agrobiodiversity on farms, but also associated with enhancing healthy living soils through regenerative and agro-ecological practices, not to mention controlling the agriculture (- forest) frontier when it comes to large scale agricultural activities. Other relevant aspects include better regulating the use of chemicals and addressing the growing concern about genetically modified organisms (GMO’s). The risks of increased use of GMOs such as contamination of local cultivars and loss of native agro- 23 biodiversity, is becoming relevant in Suriname, requiring adequate regulation, including renewed attention for the National Biosafety Framework. Finally, when it comes to sustainable land use, tourism is always turned to in Suriname when talking about sustainable economic sectors and maintaining the country’s most forested status. However, more structural actions are needed to realize (e.g. in laws, standards, capacity) the true interconnections between tourism as an economic sector and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Thus, when it comes to the sustainability of land-, sea- and freshwater use in light of biodiversity, the current reality in Suriname requires a significant amount of forward-looking policies that enhance more sustainable practices and the enforcement capacity to go along with it. Note that any actions related to mining are not included under this target and pathway, as mining does not align with sustainable use of biodiversity. Relevant actions related to mining are therefore incorporated under target 1.2 related to restoration and rehabilitation. Table 8 Strategic actions framework – target 2.3

2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs Forestry

2.3.1. Update the Code of Practice for the Short-term - Various sustainable SBB with Min. GBB CELOS, NGO’s, Target 1.2 forestry sector, incorporating biodiversity forestry-related technical AdeKUS (Restoration and

2.3 Suriname enforces the aspects into reduced-impact logging, the specialists scientific $ 135,156 rehabilitation) sustainable exploitation of production of minor and non-timber forest - Legal experts institutes, ITP biodiversity in land-,sea- Target 2.1 products, and tree diversity restoration organisations and freshwater use (Sound spatial planning economic sectors through Short-term - Sustainable forestry and SBB, Min. GBB CELOS, NGO’s, and zoning) responsible practices and ntfp production specialists in partnership with AdeKUS scientific Target 3.1 (Recognition technologies, in line with 2.3.2 Critically evaluate the system of - Legal experts Min. ROS institutes, ITP of ITP knowledge and sound land use planning and community forest concessions in light of - ITP communities authority $ 627,420 associated rights) zoning negative impact on regeneration and tree collective rights representatives species diversity - Stakeholder engagement (VIDS, KAMPOS, Target 4.3 VSG, others) and (Education and organisations awareness; 4.3.5,

2.3.3. Consult with stakeholders and Short-term - Legal experts Min. GBB, SBB Min. ROM, Min. 4.3.7) revise Forest Management Law (1992), - Biodiversity specialist ROS, Min. Target 4.4 including with regard to community forest - Restoration specialist EZOTI, NGO’s, (Research, monitoring, concessions, for approval, incorporating - Stakeholder engagement NMA (NIMOS) $ 550,290 science-policy the Code of Practice, NTFP production, communication) sustainability incentives, restoration and certification Target 4.5 (Climate change and Medium- - Forestry sector SBB in partnership AdeKUS

2.3.4. Assess the extent of negative $ 346,980 biodiversity) term specialists with Min. GBB - NB scientific impact of illegal logging and non- institutes, 24

2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs compliance on degradation of habitat - Personnel tasked with NGO’s, ITP SDG 13 quality for biodiversity enforcement organisations SDG 15

2.3.5. Engage with the private sector to Medium- - Sustainable forest value SBB, Min GBB Min. EZOTI, National REDD+ develop national capacity building term chain specialists Private sector Strategy programs regarding the impact of the - Ecologist platforms, NDC Roundwood value chain on biodiversity, in - Stakeholder engagement NGO’s, ITP $ 298,620 light of transitioning from roundwood organisations export to sustainable timber and ntfp value chains Fisheries

2.3.6. Implement policies in Fisheries Short-term - Policy makers Min. LVV – Dir. NGO’s, Coast Target 1.2 Management Plan 2021-2025 to regulate - Marine biologists Fisheries Guard, AdeKUS (Restoration and risks of overexploitation and negative - Marine ecosystems scientific rehabilitation) $1,028,580 impacts on marine biodiversity (i.e. specialists institutes, ITP Target 2.1 licensing, bycatch, fishing techniques, organisations

2.3 Suriname enforces the (Sound spatial planning vessel monitoring systems) sustainable exploitation of and zoning) biodiversity in land-, sea- 2.3.7. Evaluate classification and licensing Short-term - Policy makers Min. LVV – Dir. NGO’s, and freshwater use Target 2.2 conditions of artisanal fishery in light of - Marine biologists Fisheries Fisheries economic sectors through $ 123,528 (Pollution) sector impact and sustainable exploitation Associations responsible practices and levels technologies, in line with Target 2.5 sound land use planning and Short-term - Personnel tasked with Min. LVV – Dir. AdeKUS (Policies and incentives zoning data and statistical Fisheries scientific for businesses)

2.3.8. Increase capacity of Min. LVV analyses institutes, Fisheries Department for data collection, - Personnel with marine NGO’s Target 4.3 modelling and analysing of fish stocks and biology or ecology $ 508,920 (Education and breeding/spawning grounds to determine background awareness; 4.3.6, sustainable harvesting quota's, and - Personnel with marine 4.3.7) support rehabilitation and zoning policies spatial planning Target 4.4 specialization (Research, monitoring, 25

2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs Short-term - Legal experts Min. LVV – Dir. NGO’s, science-policy

2.3.9. Evaluate fisheries zoning and - Marine biologist Fisheries Fisheries communication) update licensing regulations in light of Associations, $ 337,890 SDG 2 conflicts and measures against MAS, Coast SDG 14 overexploitation of marine biodiversity Guard, ITP organisations National Fisheries

2.3.10. Increase capacity of government Medium- - Personnel tasked with Min. LVV – Dir. MAS, Coast Management Plan organisations for monitoring, enforcement term enforcement Fisheries Guard, NGO’s 2021-2025 and control in marine and aquatic fisheries - Personnel tasked with $ 427,920 monitoring - Technical monitoring facilities Agriculture

2.3.11. Revise agriculture policies, based Short-term - Policy makers Min. LVV – Dir. CELOS, NGO’s, Target 1.2 on an evaluation of the effectiveness of - Sustainable agriculture Agriculture SNRI-ADRON, (Restoration and

2.3 Suriname enforces the the Agriculture Master Plan in light of specialists IICA $ 119,448 rehabilitation) sustainable exploitation of environmental and native biodiversity - Agro-biodiversity biodiversity in land-,sea- Target 2.1 impact specialist and freshwater use (Sound spatial planning economic sectors through Medium- - Legal experts Min. LVV – Dir. CELOS, NGO’s, and zoning) responsible practices and term - Agroecology specialists Agriculture SNRI-ADRON, technologies, in line with 2.3.12. Develop and approve legislation to Target 2.2 - Agroforestry specialists NMA (NIMOS), sound land use planning and enhance sustainable agriculture, (Pollution) Farmer’s $ 444,090 zoning agroforestry, agro-ecological principles, Cooperatives, and standards for pesticide use Target 2.5 ITP (Policies and incentives organisations for businesses)

2.3.13. Strengthen and scale-up Short-term - Personnel tasked with Min. LVV – Dir. Min. ROS, Target 4.3 institutionalized information sharing and education and information Agriculture CELOS, (Education and extension programs on sustainable sharing Agriculture awareness; 4.3.5 - $ 739,260 agriculture practices and agrobiodiversity - Sustainable agriculture Cooperatives, 4.3.7) in all districts specialists ITP Target 4.4 organisations (Research, monitoring, 26

2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

2.3.14. Assess the state of use of GMO's Short-term - GMO specialists Min. LVV – Dir. CELOS, SNRI- science-policy and exotic varieties, and the risks to - Communication Agriculture ADRON, NMA $ 454,290 communication) (agro)biodiversity specialists (NIMOS) SDG 2 Short-term - Policy makers Min. LVV – Dir. Min. GBB- NB, SDG 14

2.3.15. Create coordinated governance - GMO specialists Agriculture Min. ROM, NMA SDG 13 structure for the registration, monitoring - Personnel tasked with (NIMOS), Min. SDG 15 and enforcement of responsible use of $ 860,520 GMO's and the introduction of exotic monitoring and EZOTI, National Agriculture Master Plan varieties enforcement Customs 2016-2030 NDC

2.3.16. Revise laws and regulations on i) Medium- - Legal experts Min. LVV – Dir. CELOS, Min. the import and use of GMO's protecting term - GMO specialists Agriculture GBB- NB, Min. native genetic resources, and ii) the - Toxicologist ROM, NMA $ 298,620 import and use of pesticides and submit (NIMOS), Min. for approval EZOTI, Tourism

2.3.17. Conduct strategic environmental Short-term - Policy makers Min. TCT/ NTA Min. ROM, NMA Target 2.1 and social assessment for (nature) - Legal experts (NIMOS), NGO’s (Sound spatial planning tourism policies, considering negative bio- - Responsible nature $ 161,928 and zoning) and cultural diversity impact from nature tourism specialists Target 2.2 tourism development - Biodiversity specialist (Pollution)

2.3.18. Incorporate provisions on Short-term - Policy makers Min. TCT/ NTA NMA (NIMOS), responsible nature tourism and the - Legal experts Min. ROM, Min. Target 2.5 reduction of biodiversity risks in the - Responsible nature GBB – NB, (Policies and incentives $ 119,448 implementation decrees for Tourism tourism specialist NGO’s, ITP for businesses) Framework Law and the Tourism Authority - Biodiversity specialist organisations Law Target 4.3 (Education and

2.3.19 Consult with stakeholders on Short-term - Legal experts Min. TCT/ NTA NMA (NIMOS), awareness; 4.3.5- national definition of nature tourism and - Responsible nature Min. ROM, 4.3.7) on nature tourism sustainability standards tourism specialists National $ 161,928 to protect biodiversity and ecological - Biodiversity specialist Standards Target 4.4 integrity - Stakeholder engagement Bureau, NGO’s (Research, monitoring, 27

2.3 Sustainable land-, sea- and freshwater use practices Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

2.3.20. Develop and incorporate nature Medium- - Responsible nature Min. TCT/ NTA Min. GBB – NB, science-policy tourism sustainability standards in term tourism specialists NMA (NIMOS), communication) technical regulations and develop - Biodiversity specialist National $ 444,090 SDG 12 incentives for training and certification - Sustainability specialist Standards SDG 14 Bureau, NGO’s SDG 15 Target 2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions Biodiversity is the foundation for the supply of ecosystem services from which humans benefit in various ways. It is important that this concept of ecosystem services or nature’s contributions to people, which exists and has evolved for almost twenty years, is better integrated in national policies and plans. Ecosystems do not only provide a wide range of products on which Suriname’s economy depends, they also provide services which regulate and maintain healthy and safe environments for people. Suriname’s forests supply invaluable services by balancing climate both in carbon and in hydrological terms. In the context of the updated NBAP, it is important to go beyond carbon sequestration and climate regulation. The integration of ecosystem services into policies, and the operationalisation of enhancing the benefits that ecosystems provide, present an important opportunity for a country such as Suriname that strives to brand itself as the most forested country. Not at the least as a potential source of income, but more importantly as a relatively cost-efficient and ‘pro-nature’ approach to addressing challenges Surinamese society faces or will face in the future, such as related to flood risk due to high storm water run-off and increase of temperatures during extreme weather, fragmentation of coastal forests due to urban and infrastructure sprawl and. Opportunities to integrate ecosystem services and enhance benefits could for example include policies and measures for managing urban ecosystems (i.e. urban green and blue spaces) in light of extreme weather, for conserving native fruit trees in light of food security, adequate coastal zone management in light of risks from sea-level rise and loss of land, or green infrastructure planning (e.g. through corridors) in light of fragmentation. Utilizing such opportunities, however, requires upgrading data and information on ecosystem services, increasing awareness and strengthening capacity on the subject matter, and the cross-cutting institutionalization in various national policies and planning processes. The actions under this target are relevant in light of sustainable land and sea use practices, spatial planning and actions related to the enabling conditions under pathway 4. Table 9 Strategic actions framework – target 2.4

2.4 Integrating ecosystem services and nature-based solutions Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

2.4 Based on increased 2.4.1. Review and update (existing) Short-term - Ecosystem services NMA with SBB Min. ROM, Min. Target 2.2 evidence-based national ecosystem services assessment specialist GBB, Min. FIN,, (Sound spatial planning understanding on ecosystem and valuation in light of international - Social and economic NGO’s, CELOS $ 119,448 and zoning) services, Suriname’s public, financing mechanisms valuation specialists and other private and societal relevant Target 2.3 organizations incorporate (AdeKUS) 28 nature-based solutions in scientific (Sustainable land- and urban planning, climate institutes sea use practices) resilience, food production Target 4.3 systems and the (Awareness and development of sustainable education) livelihood options.

2.4.2. Develop a system for natural capital Medium- - Natural capital Min. ROM with Min. Min. FIN, SBB, accounting based on (existing) national term specialists GBB NGO’s, NMA Target 4.5 ecosystem services assessment and - Accounting specialists (NIMOS), $ 159,156 (Climate change and valuation AdeKUS biodiversity) SDG 6, SDG 9,

2.4.3. Assess and provide Short-term - Ecosystem services / Min. ROM NMA (NIMOS), SDG 11, SDG 13, recommendations on how relevant Nature-based solutions Min. GBB, SBB, SDG 14, SDG 15, ecosystem services and nature-based specialist NGO’s, CELOS solutions can be incorporated in policies for - Various sectoral and other NAP, NDC $1,008,180 urban planning, infrastructure specialist relevant development, pollution management, (AdeKUS) climate adaptation and other relevant scientific planning processes institutes Target 2.5 Policies and incentives for sustainable business practices There is a global agreement regarding the role that the private sector has to fulfil in achieving biodiversity targets. The Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is currently preparing a business and biodiversity assessment to better inform this role. In Suriname, the recent Environment Framework Act is an important step in enforcing regulations to enhance compliance and environmentally responsible business practices. There is room for policies and incentives specifically targeting biodiversity-related issues. Subsidies for private sector activities that lead to negative biodiversity impact need to be re-evaluated and phased out. Policies that provide positive incentives for the private sector, leading to more sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity should be promoted. The private sector needs to develop and use its capacity for sustainable use and management of biodiversity, particularly in sectors that Suriname is promoting as sustainable development sectors, such as the tourism sector and the exploitation of NTFPs. Table 10 Strategic actions framework – target 2.5

2.5 Policies for sustainable business practices Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

2.5 Suriname has set Short-term - Business and biodiversity NMA (NIMOS) Business Target 1.2

2.5.1. Strengthen the capacity of local priorities for phasing out or specialist platforms, Min. $ 119,448 (Restoration and companies to improve their HSE corporate reforming subsidies and - Communication specialist rehabilitation) standards and fulfil their role in ESIA's with 29 incentives for the private regard to the business practices’ ROM, Min. GBB- Target 2.2 sector that are harmful for dependency or impact on biodiversity NB (Pollution) biodiversity and for

2.5.2. Assess existing private sector Short-term - Legal/Financial experts NMA (NIMOS) in Business Target 2.3 regulating incentives in incentives, including subsidies, that are - Biodiversity experts partnership with platforms, Min. (Sustainable favor of conservation and harmful for biodiversity and identify Min. EZOTI ROM, Min. GBB- $ 91,608 land- and sea sustainable use of opportunities for biodiversity-positive NB use practices) biodiversity including transparency and incentives Target 4.1 compliance. (Capacity Medium- - Environmental tax specialist Min. EZOTI in Business

2.5.3. Develop and approve legal, policy and term / Environmental economists partnership with platforms, Min. building, 4.1.2, tax incentives for the private sector to - Legal experts NMA (NIMOS) ROM, Min. GBB- $ 177,636 4.1.5) minimize their negative impact on - Stakeholder engagement NB, Min. LVV, Min. biodiversity and environment Target 4.3 NH (Education and Medium- - Environmental standards/ Min. EZOTI NMA (NIMOS), Min. awareness; term certification specialist ROM, Min. GBB, 4.3.5, 4.3.7)

2.5.4. Develop national standards and - Policy makers Min. LVV, Min. NH, associated institutional structure, for 'green $ 812,760 - Personnel tasked with National Standards labelling' of biodiversity responsible products environmental labelling and Bureau certification, and monitoring

2.5.5. Strengthen the capacity of companies Medium- - Environmental standards/ Min. EZOTI Training to integrate green/ sustainability principles term certification specialist institutes, NMA and promote sustainable consumption - Business and biodiversity (NIMOS), AdeKUS $ 177,636 through short courses on biodiversity and specialist and other higher ecosystem services (concepts, relevance, - Education and education impact, dependence, role of private sector) communication specialists institutes 30

2.3 Fair and equitable benefit sharing The third pathway in Suriname’s updated NBS is focused on genetic resources, associated traditional knowledge, and regulating access and benefit sharing (ABS) in a fair and equitable manner. In order to explore the development of sectors in the context of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, the development of legal-, institutional- and administrative framework are required. In Suriname, since much of the tacit ecological knowledge* is knowledge of indigenous and tribal people communities, it is important that this knowledge and associated rights are legally recognized (Target 3.1). In addition, capacity building of ITP communities to be aware of their rights and be able to deal with commercial or non-commercial external interests in genetic resources within their living territory (Target 3.2). Furthermore the legal, administrative and institutional frameworks to ensure fair and equitable ABS between the Government of Suriname, the owners of these resources and traditional knowledge, the private- and research sectors need to be developed (Target 3.3). *Tacit knowledge is knowledge and abilities gained through experience and often not documented and difficult to transfer through writing. Target 3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples’ knowledge and associated rights In Suriname there is no formal definition of what constitutes traditional knowledge. Defining this and discussing associated rights are important for protecting traditional knowledge. The laws and required governance and enforcement structures for recognizing traditional knowledge and associated rights (e.g. intellectual property rights) need to be developed as well. Adequate laws and regulations based on FPIC principles that protect traditional knowledge are required as classical intellectual property rights legislation offers insufficient protection to collective rights, especially in case of transfer of such knowledge to third parties and the further use thereof. The actions under this target are closely linked to actions on communities being aware of and protecting their rights, and on fair and equitable access and benefit sharing. Table 11 Strategic actions framework – target 3.1

3.1 Legal recognition of indigenous and tribal peoples knowledge and associated rights Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead/key Key partners Estimated Synergies responsible costs agency Short-term - Indigenous and tribal people’s Min. EZOTI in Cultural CSO’s, Target 3.2

3.1.1. Engage with rightsholders to cultural specialist/ anthropologists partnership with NGO’s, Min. (Self-protection arrive at a national definition of - Traditional knowledge specialists ITP authority ROS – DOAS, of traditional traditional knowledge and the

3.1 The collective traditional - Stakeholder engagement representatives Min. ROS DOI, $ 521,220 knowledge and necessary conditions for its knowledge and associated (VIDS, KAMPOS, Bureau rights) protection in light of using intellectual rights of VSG, others) and Intellectual biodiversity and genetic resources Target 3.3 indigenous and tribal organisations Properties (Fair and communities are recognized Medium- - Indigenous and tribal peoples Min. EZOTI in Cultural CSO’s, equitable access in Suriname’s legislation 3.1.2. Develop and approve laws term rights specialists partnership with NGO’s, Min. and benefit and regulations to protect traditional - Traditional knowledge specialists ITP authority ROS – DOAS, sharing) knowledge and intellectual property $ 220,116 - Intellectual property rights representatives Min. ROS DOI, rights in light of using biodiversity specialist (VIDS, KAMPOS, Bureau and genetic resources - Legal experts 31 VSG, others) and Intellectual Target 4.1 organisations Properties (Capacity building, 4.1.3) Target 4.4 (Research, monitoring) SDG 10 SDG 15 Target 3.2 Self-protection of indigenous and tribal peoples’ knowledge and associated rights In Suriname ITP communities regularly deal with organisations or other actors external to the community who are interested in doing projects, assessments or research. The capacity within communities is generally insufficient for dealing themselves with such ‘external’ stakes in a way that benefits and in the least does not negatively impact them in any way, in particular when it comes to strong commercially motivated interests. Aspects such as being aware of their rights and relevant laws, local visions on territorial development and strong local governance are important when it comes to ITP’s capacity for protecting their traditional ecological knowledge. Under this target it is important that actions are implemented from the perspective of ITP’s. This target has linkages with other targets concerned with the use or exploitation of forest resources, with fair and equitable ABS and with research, education and awareness. Table 12 Strategic actions framework – target 3.2

3.2 Self-protection of traditional knowledge Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

3.2.1. Support the development and Short-term - Indigenous and tribal peoples ITP authority Min. ROS, Min. Target 1.3 implementation of capacity cultural specialist/ anthropologists representatives ROM, NGO’s (Wildlife, 1.3.2) strengthening programs in local - Indigenous and tribal peoples (VIDS, KAMPOS, Target 3.1 communities on topics such as FPIC, rights specialists VSG, others) and

3.2 Indigenous, tribal and (Recognition of ITP rights, protecting traditional - Traditional knowledge specialists organisations in $ 657,090 other local communities knowledge and knowledge against exploitative and - Intellectual property rights partnership with have capacities and associated rights) commercial biodiversity research and specialist other organisations respected structures for data collection in indigenous and deemed relevant Target 3.3 protecting their traditional tribal territories (Fair and equitable knowledge and managing access and benefit community territory

3.2.2. Support indigenous and tribal Short-term - Indigenous and tribal ITP authority Min. ROS, sharing) biological resources community organisations on local communities cultural specialist/ representatives NGO’s Target 4.3 (Education governance and territorial anthropologists (VIDS, KAMPOS, $1,042,440 and awareness, 4.3.2, management for enhancing - Indigenous and tribal peoples VSG, others) and 4.3.4) organisations in partnership with 32 biodiversity conservation and rights specialists other organisations Target 4.4 sustainable use. - Biodiversity specialists deemed relevant (Research, monitoring) SDG 5 SDG 10 SDG 15 Target 3.3 Institutional and legal framework for fair and equitable ABS There is a need for a fair and equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of genetic material and associated knowledge present in Suriname. Such knowledge is often embedded in the culture and traditions of local, and in particular ITP communities. There is a need for laws and regulations that protect genetic biological resources, and that regulate the fair access to those resources and the sharing of benefits derived from their direct use and innovation. This legal framework must constitute the basis for research (such as bioprospecting) and technological development, linked to the transfer of technology. The benefits that ensue from the use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge by third parties should be shared in a fair and just manner, particularly among the collective owners of such knowledge. Traditional knowledge about biodiversity is emphatically present among ITP’s, but not solely among them; such knowledge is also present among other cultures in Suriname. Table 13 Strategic actions framework – target 3.3

3.3 Fair and equitable access and benefit sharing Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead Key Partners Estimated Synergies responsible costs agency

3.3.1. Engage with rightsholders based Medium- - Indigenous and tribal peoples Min. ROM in ITP organizations, Target 3.1

3.3 The access and benefit on their FPIC principles to develop term rights specialists partnership with cultural CSO’s, Min. (Recognition of ITP sharing provisions of the (new) laws / regulations with regard to - Biological resources specialist Min. EZOTI ROS, Min. GBB – NB, knowledge and UNCBD are incorporated in the protection of genetic resources, - Bioprospecting specialists Min. LVV, NMA $ 560,490 associated rights) national legislation and bioprospecting, access to and use of - Benefit sharing specialists (NIMOS), AdeKUS transparent procedures for Target 3.2 genetic material and submit for the protection of genetic (Self-protection of approval resources, bioprospecting, traditional knowledge and fair and equitable and rights)

3.3.2. Co-Develop and approve fair Short-term - Indigenous and tribal peoples Min. ROM in ITP organizations, sharing of benefits, procedures and regulations with rights specialists partnership with cultural CSO’s, Min. recognizing the rights, Target 4.1 respect to benefit sharing from the use - Traditional knowledge Min. EZOTI ROS, Min. GBB – including intellectual $ 1,333,380 (Capacity building, of genetic resources and associated specialists NB, Min. LVV, NMA property rights, of all 4.1.3) traditional knowledge - Benefit sharing specialists (NIMOS), AdeKUS Surinamese citizens - Legal experts 33

3.3.3. Strengthen capacity of Short-term - Indigenous and tribal peoples Min. ROM in ITP organizations, SDG 10 government, private and civil society rights specialists partnership with cultural CSO’s, Min. organisations on bioprospecting, FPIC, - Bioprospecting specialists Min. EZOTI ROS, Min. GBB – $ 603,870 and fair access and equitable benefit - Benefit sharing specialists NB, Min. LVV, NMA sharing mechanisms (NIMOS), AdeKUS

2.4 Integration and enabling conditions The fourth pathway of Suriname’s updated NBS is set on broad integration of biodiversity and establishing the enabling conditions for achieving the biodiversity targets. Crucial conditions include adequate capacity (Target 4.1) and financing (Target 4.2), and increased awareness (Target 4.3). Furthermore a crucial foundation for informed decision making regarding biodiversity are research and monitoring (Target 4.4). As this pathway aims to promote biodiversity mainstreaming and cultivating a national sense of nature stewardship across sectors and levels, it is important to identify linkages between biodiversity and climate change (Target 4.5), the SDG’s (Target 4.8) and facilitating coordination (Target 4.6) and inclusive participation (Target 4.7). Target 4.1 Strengthened capacities for biodiversity While actions relating to specific technical capacities are included under other targets, this target refers to more general actions related to capacity strengthening. Given the time that has elapsed since Suriname’s previous NBSAP, a national capacity assessment for biodiversity is necessary. This capacity assessment can inform further capacity strengthening programs to mainstream biodiversity in organisations and sectors which are not typically involved with biodiversity. Relevant topics include for example biodiversity basics, ecosystem services, sustainability, and are aimed at establishing sufficient basic understanding with in organisations to be able to fulfil their role in NBSAP implementation. In addition, more specific, in-depth topics can be included as needed for technical staff. Involving educational institutes in executing training programs can contribute to overall continuity of capacity strengthening. Table 14 Strategic actions framework – target 4.1

4.1 Strengthening capacities Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key Partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

4.1.1. Conduct a general capacity needs Short-term - Capacity building specialist Min. ROM Cross-cutting enabling

4.1 The capacity of assessment among government, private - Biodiversity specialist conditions for pathway Suriname’s institutions $ 134,088 sector and civil society organisations - Organization management 1-3 and relevant groups are based on the updated NBSAP strengthened for Target 4.2 effective management, 4.1.2. Develop general training programs Short-term - Technical specialists on Min. ROM Min. GBB- NB, (Financing) monitoring and on conservation planning, ecosystem conservation, ecosystem Private sector Target 4.6 evaluation, technical services, nature-based solutions and services, nature-based specialists, higher $ 149,796 (Mainstreaming) cooperation, fund natural capital accounting for policy solutions, natural capital education mobilizing and science- makers and planners - Educational and capacity institutes, NGO’s policy communication of building specialists 34 the NBSAP 4.1.3. Develop in-depth training on a Short-term - Capacity building and Min. ROM in Min. GBB – NB, Target 4.7 implementation. variety of specific technical topics based educational specialists partnership with Private sector (Participation) on capacity needs assessment, including (private sector, NGO’s, (private sector, specialists, higher $ 204,408 Target 4.8 updated or new biodiversity-related laws academia) NGO’s) education institutes (SDG’s and biodiversity)

4.1.4. Collaborate with trainers to offer Short-term - Capacity building and Min. ROM Private sector regular (technical) biodiversity-related educational specialists specialists, higher training to relevant policy makers, (private sector, NGO’s, education $ 262,830 technical staff and other relevant private academia) institutes, NGO’s, sector and civil society organisations NMA (NIMOS)

4.1.5. Improve the capability of Short-term - Fundraising and financial Min. FIN, Min. Min. GBB – NB, government and other relevant resources specialist BIBIS in Min. LVV, Min. organisations for communicating their - Capacity building specialist partnership with ROS, AdeKUS $ 346,380 needs to potential donors and mobilizing Min. ROM scientific institutes funds for biodiversity Target 4.2 Available biodiversity financial resources In order to implement the actions in the NBAP and work towards achieving the targets, it is necessary to secure sufficient financial resources. These resources can come from multiple sources, both through international or bi- or multilateral financing (such as carbon credits, payment for ecosystem services and other financing mechanisms) or through national budget allocation. While incidental financing via donors helps to implement project-based actions, it is important to also focus on continuous financing. Funds of particularly the GEF and other big donors are important for incidental financing, which can be seen as investments. Such investments ought to be made based on plans, such as this updated NBAP, when they are completed and accepted by the government. It is important to consider that in order to obtain the money from big multilateral donors such as GEF, a long project cycle needs to be started; that means that there are often years between submitting draft projects and obtaining funds. It can be expected that this will also be the case with the recently launched Global Biodiversity Framework Fund, which is designed to mobilize and accelerate investment in the conservation and sustainability of wild species and ecosystems, whose health is under threat from wildfires, flooding, extreme weather, and human activity. To successfully obtain sustainable international financing, investments have to be made in a team that operates at international fora, lobbies for Suriname and develops national proposals. In practice, it may take many years before such a team is successful; the team will probably also need to be supported by international consultants. Alternatively, funds derived from production in the various sectors (e.g. as mentioned in the second strategic pathway), will be important for continuous financing, which would mainly serve to cover running costs and depreciations. It is therefore also important to encourage sustainable use of biodiversity and responsible use of other resources to prevent that important actions cannot be undertaken due to a lack of funds. There is furthermore a need for allocation of more national funds to biodiversity-related activities. Given the current financial and economic context in Suriname, a helpful step in that direction is to actively coordinate across government for efficient allocation of financial resources for implementing biodiversity-related activities. 35 Table 15 Strategic actions framework – target 4.2

4.2 Available financial resources Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

4.2.1. Identify needs and strengthen Short-term - Capacity building specialist Min. ROM in National Planning Cross-cutting human and technical capacity of - Organizational management partnership with Office, Min. GBB enabling conditions government and other relevant specialist Min. FIN and Min. - NB for pathway 1-3 $ 134,088 organisations for efficient fund - Fundraising and financial BIBIS Target 4.1 allocation and international resources specialist (Capacity biodiversity funds mobilization strengthening)

4.2.2. Increase capacity of scientific Short-term - Capacity building specialist ADEKUS in Min. OWC, Min. Target 4.6 institutes for accessing funding and - Fundraising and financial partnership with Fin, Min. BIBIS. (Mainstreaming) financial resources for biodiversity resources specialist Min. ROM $ 129,000 research - Personnel tasked with Target 4.7 networking, mobilizing and (Participation)

4.2 Suriname has increased accessing research funds its national budget for Target 4.8

4.2.3. Consult with stakeholders for Short-term - Climate finance specialist Min. ROM Min. GBB, Min. (SDG’s and biodiversity-related policy developing national legislation on - Benefit sharing specialist BIBIS, Min. Fin, biodiversity) areas and has improved international climate and forest - Legal experts National Planning knowledge of and access to $ 204,408 financing and benefit sharing - Stakeholder engagement Office, NMA international finance, mechanisms (NIMOS), SDG including innovative SDG 13 Fund schemes such as payment SDG 14 for ecosystem services and SDG 15

4.2.4. Coordinate across government Short-term - Fundraising and financial Min. ROM in Min. Fin, National biodiversity offsetting, and SDG 17 to communicate policy priorities and resources specialist partnership with Planning Office, synergies with climate efficiently allocate funds in annual - Personnel tasked with financial Min. GBB Min. LVV, Min. $ 230,580 financing. budgets for biodiversity related resource management NH activities

4.2.5. Develop regulations that Short-term - Legal experts Min. ROM in Min. NH, Min. designate a portion of extractive - Stakeholder engagement partnership with GBB $ 467,970 industries revenues to a national - Fundraising and financial Min. Fin nature and environment fund resources specialist

4.2.6. Actively seek out synergies Short-term - International environmental Min. ROM Min. BIBIS, Min. with biodiversity when negotiating policy specialist Fin, Min. GBB- and applying for forest, climate, SDG - International environmental NB, SBB, Min. $ 91,608 and other environmental international finance specialist LVV, SDG financing mechanisms Platform, 36 Target 4.3 Increased awareness and education on biodiversity In Suriname, increasing awareness regarding biodiversity is important for mainstreaming biodiversity across sectors and levels. This includes targeting the general public and youth through education. In terms of education it is important to evaluate the current curricula with regard to nature education and biodiversity related topics. To avoid reinventing the wheel, lessons learned from past projects need to be taken into account, and collaborations can be sought nationally and regionally, for upgrading education curricula with regard to nature and biodiversity. Particular attention should be given to the local world of experience and language of children going to school in indigenous and tribal community villages in the interior. While there may be general awareness among the general public of the fact that Suriname has high biodiversity, further awareness and knowledgeability regarding various aspects of biodiversity are needed. In particular with regard to biodiversity impact from consumptive behavior and impacts which are not always directly visible. For example, the impact of activities on land on aquatic and marine biodiversity. In order to avoid confusion or fatigue regarding the various separate, but linked campaigns, it is important to highlight these linkages (e.g. between biodiversity conservation/sustainable use and the SDG’s/human wellbeing, or between climate adaptation and biodiversity). That way, awareness campaigns can stimulate more integrated understanding of biodiversity issues and may make those issues easier to relate to for people. Table 16 Strategic actions framework – target 4.3

4.3 Increased awareness and education on biodiversity Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

4.3.1. Collaborate with regional/international Short-term - Capacity building specialist Min. OWC in Education Cross-cutting organisations to professionalize local - Pedagogical specialists partnership with representative enabling conditions $ 185,928 institutes' capacity for nature education and - Biodiversity specialists higher education organisations, for pathway 1-3 information sharing institutes AdeKUS

4.3 The importance of Target 4.6 biodiversity and the Short-term Min. OWC in Education (Mainstreaming) nature-human - Biodiversity and other partnership with representative

4.3.2. Incorporate biodiversity and related Target 4.7 relationship are relevant technical specialists ITP authority organisations, cultural diversity in educational curricula in (Participation) structurally integrated - Pedagogical specialists representatives teachers from $ 161,928 local languages, including for communities in in Suriname’s education - Educators, teachers (VIDS, KAMPOS, schools in the interior the interior Target 4.8 curricula for elementary VSG, others) and (SDG’s and and middle school, and organisations biodiversity) in awareness campaigns on related 4.3.3. Develop or update education material Short-term - Pedagogical specialists Min. OWC in Education issues. integrating lessons on biodiversity and - Educators partnership with representative $ 504,090 environment for elementary and middle - Biodiversity specialists Min. ROM organisations SDG 14 school, including in local languages SDG 15 SDG 17 37 Short-term - Communication specialists Min. ROM in NGO’s, AdeKUS

4.3.4. Develop and implement multi-lingual - Marine biodiversity partnership with scientific institutes, information campaigns on the impact of $ 149,796 specialists Min. LVV Min. GBB, Min. NH, terrestrial activities on marine ecosystems - Plastic pollution specialists ITP organisations

4.3.5. Develop multi-lingual awareness Short-term - Communication specialists Min. ROM in NGO’s, AdeKUS campaigns on the ecological footprint and - Sustainability specialists partnership with scientific institutes, impact of human's consumption and - Biodiversity specialists Min. GBB private sector production choices on biodiversity, platforms $ 374,490 highlighting the linkages with conservation, human wellbeing, the SDG’s and climate adaptation Medium- - Communication specialists Min. OWC, in Min. ROS, AdeKUS term - ITP community specialists partnership with scientific institutes

4.3.6 Disseminate national biodiversity - Linguists Min. ROM, ITP assessment results (see 4.4.19) through authority $ 268,290 various channels and in appropriate formats representatives for indigenous and tribal communities (VIDS, KAMPOS, VSG, others) and organisations Target 4.4 Increased research and accessible data Scientific research is intended to expand human knowledge and be socially relevant by providing and evidence-base for informed decision-making. As e.g. the IPBES assesses and summarizes the most recent science on biodiversity and ecosystem services for policy makers on a global and regional level, it is important that the availability of biodiversity (related) data and information is improved for informed-decision-making in Suriname. Currently the challenges for executing objective scientific research on biodiversity are numerous in Suriname. Identifying the needs and priorities for such research from various angles on a national level can help to focus efforts and resources and use the available resources more efficiently. It can also stimulate increased knowledge generation on specific topics in a relatively shorter amount of time. Furthermore, basic scientific information regarding Suriname’s ecosystems can be further expanded if not upgraded through research. In light of plans for development based on extractive economic sectors, it is also vital to have better evidence-based understanding of the threats to and pressures on biodiversity. Fairly underexplored areas of research in Suriname should receive particular attention, e.g. invasive alien species and more social science research on biodiversity. In line with increased research on biodiversity, gathered data and information should be made accessible in order to enhance informed decision-making and avoid unnecessary repetition. With biodiversity (related) data becoming available and research supporting decision-making, monitoring systems are needed for evaluating decisions, policies and plans over time. Besides, the temporal continuity of monitoring systems compared to research projects, provides benefits for long term data collection and possibly better understanding of initial scientific observations. Finally, to stimulate informed decision-making on biodiversity, it is important to actively improve science-policy communication: communication on the interface between science and policy, in order to enhance the utilization of best available knowledge in policy-making. With this target, a distinction is made between research and monitoring, where research refers to systematic data collectio n, analysis and 38 interpretation activities to fill knowledge gaps in science, and monitoring refers to structural collection and organisation of information in direct response to policy- and decision-making needs. While scientific institutes are the lead responsible agencies when it comes to scientific research, other organisations can also be lead responsible agencies. In addition, there may be a specific, practical need or request for information indicated by policymakers which (scientific) research institutions can respond to and support. Furthermore, the implementation of research actions is not limited to western scientific methods, but can also include participatory, community-based and citizen science approaches. The actions under this target support other targets in the first three pathways of the NBAP in various ways and may at times be useful to plan within similar timeframes as other actions. Table 17 Strategic actions framework – target 4.4

4.4 Scientific research and data collection Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs Research

4.4.1. Set a national forestry scientific research Short-term - Forest ecology and AdeKUS technical SBB, NGO’s, Min. Target 1.1

4.4 Increased Surinamese & innovation agenda based on knowledge gaps management scientists faculty in GBB, Min. OWC, $ 60,638 (Protected areas) scientific research, with regard to species populations, climate and partnership with Min. ROM including community- Target 1.2 biodiversity impact, and wood- and ntfp species CELOS, BBS, NZCS based research, is (Restoration and for processing published, linked to rehabilitation) national databases, and 4.4.2. Set a future-oriented national agriculture Medium- - Agroforestry, agronomy CELOS in NGO’s, Min. LVV, Target 1.3 contributes to credible & agronomy scientific research and innovation term and agriculture scientists partnership with Farmer $ 60,638 (Wildlife) and legitimate knowledge agenda based on knowledge gaps with regard to other relevant Cooperatives, on Suriname’s agroforestry, agroecology, agrobiodiversity and scientific institutes Min. OWC Target 1.4 biodiversity in the genetic diversity (Invasive species) broadest sense.

4.4.3. Set responsible nature tourism scientific Short-term - Tourism, Leisure and AdeKUS IMWO in NTA, NGO’s, Min. Target 2.3 research agenda based on knowledge gaps with Environment specialists partnership with TCT, Tourism and $ 60,638 (Sustainable land- regard to tourism impact on and carrying - Sustainability scientists other relevant Tour Guide and sea use) capacity of natural areas, in particular protected scientific institutes Associations, Min. areas, unique and vulnerable ecosystems OWC Target 2.4 (Ecosystem Short-term - Biologists NZCS, BBS in NGO’s, ITP services and - Ecologists partnership with authority nature-based

4.4.4 Set a holistic, interdisciplinary biodiversity - Marine biologists AdeKUS- and other representatives solutions) scientific research agenda with regard to - Social scientists relevant scientific (VIDS, KAMPOS, $ 60,638 description, pressures, sensitivity and impact on - Climate scientists institutes VSG, others) and Target 3.2 biodiversity, taking long term green organisations, (Self protection of development strategies into account Min. GBB-NB, Min. ITP traditional ROM, Min. LVV, knowledge and SBB, Min. OWC rights) 39

4.4 Increased Suriname’s Medium- - Biologists and a variety of NZCS, BBS in NGO’s, scientific research, term natural scientists partnership with international Target 3.3

4.4.5. Conduct scientific studies to describe including community- relevant scientific scientific (Access and marine and terrestrial ecosystems and assess $ 704,400 based research, is institutes organisations, benefit sharing) biodiversity of Suriname published, linked to Min. LVV, Min. national databases, and OWC SDG 14 contributes to credible SDG 15 and legitimate knowledge Medium- - Ecologists NZCS, CMO, BBS in NGO’s, on Suriname’s term - Environmental scientists partnership with international biodiversity in the other relevant scientific

4.4.6. Conduct national rapid assessment of broadest sense scientific institutes organisations, $1,333,380 pressures, sensitivity and impact on biodiversity Min. GBB-NB, Min. ROM, Min. LVV, Min. OWC Short-term - Botanists Min. LVV, Min. NZCS, BBS and

4.4.7 Identify plant and animal species - Biologists GBB- NB, CELOS, other exploited commercially in land- and sea use relevant scientific $ 91,608 sectors institutes, NGO’s, SBB, Min. ROM, Medium- - Ecologists NZCS, BBS in NGO’s, Mn. LVV,

4.4.8. Conduct research on the spread and term - Botanists partnership with Min. GBB-NB impact of invasive plant and animal species on $ 521,220 - Animal species specialist relevant scientific local ecosystems institutes Short-term - Biodiversity specialist NMA (NIMOS) in Min. GBB – NB,

4.4.9. Set-up and maintain a national - Data scientist partnership with Min. ROM, Min. biodiversity database, and develop policies - IT specialist BBS, NZCS with LVV, SBB, NGO’s, $ 211,188 allowing data sharing other relevant ABS scientific institutes

4.4.10. Conduct social science studies looking Short-term - Gender specialist AdeKUS IMWO and Min. BiZa – into the roles and knowledge of women and - Biodiversity/social IWGDS in Gender Bureau, men in biodiversity management, use and scientist partnership with ITP organisations $ 138,168 protection, and the gender-specific impact of relevant scientific biodiversity changes institutes Monitoring

4.4.11. Agree with relevant stakeholders on Short-term - Stakeholder engagement NMA (NIMOS) in Relevant scientific Target 1.1 priorities and standardized scientific protocols - Biodiversity specialists partnership with institutes, Min. $ 119,448 (Protected areas) for data collection and monitoring of biodiversity NZCS and BBS GBB-NB, NGO’s, , 40 SBB, ABS, Min. Target 1.2 ROM (Restoration and rehabilitation)

4.4.12. Develop scientific protocols for Medium- - Population ecology Min.GBB – NB in NGO’s, NZCS, monitoring biodiversity in relation to term specialists partnership with BBS, SBB, other Target 1.3 ecosystems state and populations of wild - Monitoring technology NMA (NIMOS) relevant scientific $ 693,960 (Wildlife) animals and plants, based on critical, - Personnel tasked with institutes, ABS Target 1.4 threatened or vulnerable species monitoring (Invasive species)

4.4.13. Monitor terrestrial and marine key Short-term - Biodiversity specialists Min.GBB – NB in CELOS, SBB, Min. Target 2.2 biodiversity systematically in relation to - Personnel tasked with partnership with LVV, Min. NH, (Pollution) sensitivity to changes from economic activities monitoring and inspection NMA (NIMOS) Min. ROM $ 429,300 and harvest of wild plants and animals, ABS Target 2.3 including permanent sample plots in forests and (Sustainable land- mangroves and sea use) Medium- - Various natural scientists Min. GBB in CELOS, NZCS, SDG 14

4.4.14. Support the evidence-based term and technical specialists in partnership with other relevant SDG 15 establishment of sustainable harvesting levels in different sectors Min. LVV scientific $ 550,290 various land- , sea- and freshwater use sectors institutes, SBB, NGO’s Cooperation and science-policy communication

4.4.15. Collaborate with regional leading Short-term - Science communication / NZCS, CELOS, Other relevant Cross-cutting organisations to strengthen and professionalize science journalism specialists BBS, with relevant academic enabling local institutes' capacity for scientific research, - Communication specialists scientific institutes institutes, Min. conditions for data sharing, monitoring and publishing on - Policy specialists LVV, Min. GBB- pathway 1-3 biodiversity - Biodiversity monitoring NB, SBB Min. specialists ROM, NMA - International specialists (NIMOS), ABS, $ 270,888 cooperation existing international scientific partners (e.g. GBIF, ACTO Observatory), NGO’s

4.4.16. Seek out and actively participate in Short-term - Biodiversity-related NZCS, CELOS, Other relevant specific international organizations / networks scientific researchers and BBS, with relevant academic $ 94,320 traditional knowledge scientific institutes institutes, existing 41 for exchange of knowledge and skills on holders international biodiversity research - International scientific scientific partners networks and cooperation (e.g. GBIF, ACTO Observatory, BGCI), ABS, ITP organisations Short-term - Laboratory analysists BBS, NZCS, CELOS Other relevant - Genetic diversity scientific specialists institutes, SNRI-

4.4.17. Increase capacity for genetic analysis ADRON, research $ 206,700 and registration (barcoding) of organisms and data departments at Min. LVV and Min. GBB- NB

4.4.18. Improve science-policy communication Medium- - Science communication NZCS, CELOS, Other relevant on biodiversity through documented regular term - Scientific publication BBS, with other academic national assessments of knowledge, status, specialists relevant scientific institutes, NGO’s, $ 268,290 trends and policy effectiveness of biodiversity institutes ABS, National and ecosystem services Planning Office Target 4.5 Understanding linkages between biodiversity and climate change As two of the main global crises humanity faces, it is important to understand the linkages between biodiversity loss and climate change in order to enhance synergies between policies and measures addressing those issues. Also in Suriname there is a need for better understanding of how climate change affects biodiversity, but also the importance and various ways in which rich and healthy biodiversity can support climate adaptation and resilience. From a global level perspective, this would entail the synergies between commitments under the UNCBD and the Paris Agreement. To translate this understanding into adequate policies and possibly efficient, synergetic funding, it is important to effectively coordinate at the higher policy level. The actions under this target focus on gaining a better understanding of the impact from climate change on biodiversity and identify potential synergies with actions related to financing, research and national mainstreaming of biodiversity. Table 18 Strategic actions framework – target 4.5

4.5 Climate change and biodiversity synergies Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

4.5 There is increased 4.5.1. Conduct research into potential Medium- - Ecology / species NZCS, BBS, CELOS Other relevance Target 4.2 (Financing) understanding of the risks indicator species and ecosystems term specialists with Min. ROM AdeKUS institutes, $ 159,360 Target 4.4 and impacts of climate vulnerable to climatic change - Climate scientists research and data (Research, change on terrestrial and departments at 42 marine biodiversity in relevant Ministries, monitoring, science- Suriname and of how SBB, NGO’s policy biodiversity can be communication) integrated in climate 4.5.2. Assess possible climate change Medium- - Biodiversity specialists Min. GBB - NB Min. LVV, Min. related impacts on biodiversity with term - Climate scientists ROM, Min. NH, Target 4.6 adaptation strategies. $ 337,890 implications for wildlife harvesting and AdeKUS scientific (Mainstreaming) breeding season regulation adjustments institutes, Short-term - Biodiversity policy Min. ROM Min. GBB, NGO’s,

4.5.3. Set up an interdisciplinary team SDG 13 specialists NMA (NIMOS) to develop interventions integrating SDG 14 - Climate adaptation policy biodiversity conservation and climate SDG 15 specialists $ 161,928 adaptation strategies, and identify - International potential international financing environmental finance NAP mechanisms specialists NDC Target 4.6 Promoting national biodiversity integration and streamlining The successful implementation of the updated NBAP requires stronger coordination across sectors and levels (streamlining) and general integration of biodiversity in various sectors outside of the environment and sustainability domain. This will be generally beneficial to the actions in the other pathways. In the current institutional context in Suriname, it is relevant e.g. to streamline between forest, nature and environmental policy and legal frameworks. This would not only benefit clarity of responsibilities, but also stimulate awareness of linkages between issues, efficient allocation of human and financial resources and more effective capacity strengthening (including institutional memory). To ensure successful implementation of the updated NBAP, it is essential to have a dedicated team in place tasked with monitoring and evaluating the implementation and liaising with the various key responsible agencies. Table 19 Strategic actions framework – target 4.6

4.6 National biodiversity integration Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

4.6 Suriname has 4.6.1. Engage with relevant government Short-term - Environmental and Nature Min. ROM in NMA (NIMOS), Cross-cutting organisations to efficiently streamline nature management policy partnership with Min. LVV, Min. NH enabling conditions harmonized $ 58,680 and environmental management mandates specialist Min. GBB National Planning for pathway 1-3 environmental and and responsibilities in policy making - Legal experts Office economic policies and all 43 relevant government-, 4.6.2. Set up a coordinating government Short-term - International Min. ROM Min. GBB, Min. Target 4.1 civil society- and private structure to: identify and streamline different environmental policy LVV, Min. NH, (Capacity sector organizations are international treaty obligations, specialists Min. BIBIS, Min strengthening) involved in the NBSAP responsibilities and national integration - Legal experts Fin, NMA $ 336,780 Target 4.2 implementation. related to biodiversity and environment (NIMOS), (Financing) Target 4.3

4.6.3. Facilitate regular coordination between Short-term - Biodiversity policy Min. ROM in NMA (NIMOS), (Awareness and national climate change and biodiversity focal specialists partnership with Min. BIBIS, Min. education) points to enhance synergies - Climate change policy Min. GBB Fin $ 91,608 specialists Target (4.5) (Climate and biodiversity) Short-term - Planning, monitoring, Min. ROM NMA, National Target 4.8 evaluation and learning Planning Office (SDG’s and specialists biodiversity)

4.6.4. Set-up a dedicated unit for monitoring, - Personnel tasked with evaluating and coordinating the $ 1,240,980 monitoring NBSAP SDG 13 implementation of the updated NBSAP implementation SDG 14 SDG 15 SDG 17 Target 4.7 Enhancing inclusive participation and gender-responsive actions Key to the large endeavour of implementing the updated NBAP is inclusive participation and the incorporation of gender aspects. Structural participation processes or platforms are more beneficial than one-time or occasional engagement. Particular attention should be paid to the participation of indigenous and tribal communities due to the high direct relevance of many of the issues included in the NBAP for their living territory and way of life. Furthermore, it is also important to ensure fair participation of women and include grass root organisations and private sector companies as they are important for, respectively, designing and implementing effective policies and addressing threats to biodiversity. Lessons learned from existing initiatives such as the Inclusive Joint SDG program can be useful for informing the implementation of actions under this target. Furthermore, it is important to note that a gender -sensitive and ideally, a gender-responsive approach should be taken across all actions and targets (e.g. gender differences when examining sustainable use practices, promotion of gender equality and equity during capacity strengthening and fund mobilization actions, and the incorporation of relevant gender sensitive aspects when updating or formulating laws). Table 20 Strategic actions framework – target 4.7

4.7 Inclusive participation and gender equality Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs 44 Short-term - Stakeholder engagement Min. ROS in Min. ROM, Min. Cross-cutting

4.7.1. Co-develop a structural, inclusive - Participation specialist partnership with GBB, Min. NH, enabling conditions public-ITP partnership for participation of - ITP communities specialist ITP authority SBB for pathway 1-3 ITP communities in biodiversity-related - Gender specialist representatives $ 617,550 decision-making concerning their (VIDS, KAMPOS, territories and communities, based on VSG, others) and SDG 5 FPIC principles organisations SDG 14 SDG 15 Short-term - Stakeholder engagement Min. ROM Min. GBB, Min. specialists LVV, Min. BiZa –

4.7 Suriname’s biodiversity - Communication specialist Gender Bureau, policies include gender- 4.7.2. Set up a flexible, structural ITP authority responsive actions and platform for public-private-civil society representatives $ 144,708 these are implemented cooperation on environmental and (VIDS, KAMPOS, through inclusive biodiversity related issues VSG, others) and participation mechanisms, organisations, considering NGO’s, Business intersectionality and Platforms outcomes that effectively

4.7.3. Discuss the incorporation of Short-term - Gender specialist Min. BiZA – Gender ABS, AdeKUS- improve the situation of relevant questions on gender and - Biodiversity specialist Bureau in IWGDS vulnerable groups, $ 45,034 biodiversity in the national census to partnership with including indigenous and gather gender-specific data Min. ROM tribal peoples, women and youth.

4.7.4 Compile existing information Short-term - Gender specialist Min. BiZa- Gender Min. ROM, (reports, assessments) related to gender - Biodiversity specialist Bureau in AdeKUS-IWGDS, $ 91,608 and biodiversity access, use and partnership with NGO’s management ABS Medium - - Gender specialist Min. BiZa – Gender AdeKUS- IWGDS

4.7.5. Facilitate gender-specific term - Ecosystem services specialist Bureau in assessments of ecosystem services $ 415,020 partnership with access, use and management Min. ROM Target 4.8 Promoting synergies between biodiversity and the SDG’s The timeframe for achieving the SDGs and the GBF targets are more or less similar: 2030. Aside from that, there are many important benefits between biodiversity and various aspects of human and environmental wellbeing as reflected in the SDG’s. The updated NBS highlights the different ways in which biodiversity is relevant to the SDGs. Promoting synergies between biodiversity and the SDG’s can also be beneficial for funding sources. 45 Table 21 Strategic actions framework – target 4.8

4.8 SDGs and biodiversity synergies Strategic target Actions and interventions Timeline Required capacity Lead responsible Key partners Estimated Synergies agency costs

4.8 There is increased Short- - SDG specialist National SDG Min. Fin, Min. Cross-cutting understanding of the synergies 4.8.1. Formalize collaboration of UNCBD term - Biodiversity specialist Committee in BIBIS, NGO’s, enabling between biodiversity protection national focal point with SDG Country - Personnel tasked with partnership with private sector $ 144,708 conditions for and achieving the SDG’s in the Commission (SDG National Commission + coordinating between the Min. ROM platforms pathway 1-3 Surinamese context, for National SDG Platform) to enhance synergies SDGs and biodiversity Target 4.2 efficient measures, monitoring in achieving targets and accessing finance (Financing) and financing. 46

2.5 Financial overview and funding opportunities Table 22 Estimated costs per target and potential funding sources Target Estimated Cost Potential funding sources Strategic pathway 1 $ 8,318,088.00

1.1. Terrestrial, marine and wetland protected areas in Suriname comprise 30% of the $ 2,303,580.00 Government of Suriname, SCF, GEF, NGO total area and are effectively managed, including in the EEZ, covering unique and network, Caribbean Biodiversity Fund, Global vulnerable ecosystems in all parts of the country Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF), EU

1.2 Suriname has initiated ecological restoration and rehabilitation of degraded, polluted $ 2,570,022.00 Government of Suriname, SCF, Private sector or depleted terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems using evidence-based funds, NGO network, Global Biodiversity procedures, norms and national guidelines Framework Fund (GBFF)

1.3 Suriname effectively protects endangered animal and plant species through $ 1,755,360.00 Government of Suriname, NGO network, US coordinated management and monitoring systems and has the required technical Embassy, Global Biodiversity Framework Fund and financial capacity for the enforcement of wildlife trade regulations. (GBFF), EU

1.4 Suriname has increased awareness and developed early detection and management $ 1,689,126.00 Government of Suriname, Caribbean Biodiversity systems for preventing the introduction of exotic species and reducing the risks and Fund, Global Biodiversity Framework Fund impact from invasive species. (GBFF) Strategic pathway 2 $ 15,738,738.00

2.1 Suriname has adopted terrestrial and marine spatial planning laws and regulations, $ 1,609,410.00 Government of Suriname, IDB, World Bank including zoning and integrated management plans, to minimize unsustainable ecosystem conversion or degradation

2.2 Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of ecosystem from various sectors $ 3,274,530.00 GEF, UNDP, Government of Suriname, Private through established national environmental quality standards, integrated waste sector, WB management- and monitoring systems in line with national legislation

2.3 Suriname enforces the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity in land-,sea- and $ 8,188,926.00 Government of Suriname, GEF, NGO network, freshwater use economic sectors through responsible practices and technologies, in FAO/WECAFC, CRFM, CeDePesca, IDB, UNDP, line with sound land use planning and zoning ACTO, (climate) Adaptation Fund

2.4 Based on increased evidence-based understanding on ecosystem services, $ 1,286,784.00 NGO network, IDB, GEF, EU, WB, Suriname’s public, private and societal organizations incorporate nature-based solutions in urban planning, climate resilience, food production systems and the development of sustainable livelihood options.

2.5 Suriname has set priorities and developed a plan for phasing out or reforming $ 1,379,088.00 Government of Suriname, Private sector, UNDP subsidies and incentives for the private sector that are harmful for biodiversity and for regulating incentives in favor of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity including transparency and compliance. Strategic pathway 3 $ 4,938,606.00

3.1 The collective traditional knowledge and associated intellectual rights of indigenous $ 741,336.00 Government of Suriname, UNDP, Network of ITP and tribal communities are recognized in Suriname’s legislation organisation funders, NGO network, Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF)

3.2 Indigenous, tribal and other local communities have capacities and respected $ 1,699,530.00 UNDP, Network of ITP organisation funders, structures for protecting their traditional knowledge and managing community NGO network, Global Biodiversity Framework territory biological resources Fund (GBFF) 47

3.3 The access and benefit sharing provisions of the UNCBD are incorporated in national $ 2,497,740.00 Government of Suriname, UNDP, Network of ITP legislation and transparent procedures for bioprospecting, and fair and equitable organisation funders, NGO network, Global sharing of benefits, recognizing the rights, including intellectual property rights, of all Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) Surinamese citizens Strategic pathway 4 $14,012,332.00

4.1 The capacity of Suriname’s institutions and relevant groups are strengthened for $ 1,097,502.00 Government of Suriname, SCF, UNDP, GEF, effective management, monitoring and evaluation, technical cooperation, fund mobilizing and science-policy communication of the NBSAP implementation.

4.2 Suriname has increased its national budget for biodiversity-related policy areas, and $ 1,257,654.00 Government of Suriname, UNDP, GCF, GEF, has improved knowledge of and access to international finance, including innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting, and synergies with climate financing.

4.3 The importance of biodiversity and the nature-human relationship are structurally $1,644,522.00 Government of Suriname, GEF-SGP, Caribbean integrated in Suriname’s education curricula for elementary and middle school, and Biodiversity Fund in awareness campaigns on related issues.

4.4 Increased Surinamese scientific research, including community-based research, is $ 6,435,090.00 GEF, UNDP, Global Biodiversity Framework Fund published, linked to national databases, and contributes to credible and legitimate (GBFF), Network of academic institutions and knowledge on Suriname’s biodiversity in the broadest sense. funding partners, EU

4.5 There is increased understanding of the risks and impacts of climate change on $ 659,178.00 UNDP, GCF, Network of academic institutions terrestrial and marine biodiversity in Suriname and of how biodiversity can be and funding partners, EU integrated in climate adaptation strategies.

4.6 Suriname has harmonized environmental and economic policies and all relevant $ 1,728,048.00 Government of Suriname, SCF, UNDP, Global government-, civil society- and private sector organizations are involved in the Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) NBSAP implementation.

4.7 Suriname’s biodiversity policies include gender-responsive actions and these are $ 1,313,920.00 UNDP, Network of ITP organisation funders, implemented through inclusive participation mechanisms, considering NGO network, Private sector, intersectionality and outcomes that effectively improve the situation of vulnerable groups, including indigenous and tribal peoples, women and youth.

4.8 There is increased understanding of the synergies between biodiversity protection $ 144,708.00 Government of Suriname, SDG Fund, Private and achieving the SDG’s in the Surinamese context, for efficient measures, Sector, UNDP monitoring and financing. TOTAL $14,280,622.00

2.6 Implementation of NBSAP The immediate implementation of the NBSAP relies strongly on the existing enabling conditions to achieve the biodiversity targets, especially the existing capacities, financial resources and awareness of key implementing bodies. A self-assessment of the existing resources in relation to the resources needed to implement the actions, is necessary for a swift implementation of the NBAP. This will not only finetune the timeline, but also highlight early projects and quick achievements. Having the key implementing partners sufficiently engaged from the start, mean they must be aware the priorities of the NBSAP and understand their respective roles. This will kickstarts the coordinated implementation and will require the development of an awareness and communication plan. 48 Looking at the financial resources, it is not only important to identify the budgets available for direct implementation. It will also be crucial to assess the interlinkages to be as efficient and effective as possible in the use of resources for the implementation of actions in achieving results. For this, a comprehensive analysis of financial flows is necessary, looking at the integration of different funding sources (government, non-government and private) and the linkages of different actions. Furthermore, during the overall implementation of the NBSAP, it will be useful to for partnerships that systematically suppor t the implementation. Programs such as the NBSAP Accelerator Partnership provides access to technical and financial support, by supporting the NBSAP process, technical and institutional capacities, access to finance, aligning financial flows, knowledge management and raising the NBSAP profile. 49 3 Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring and evaluation framework for the updated NBSAP is based on achieving progress toward the targets; it does not specify detailed indicators for each individual action. That level of detail can be added during NBSAP implementation through multiple financed projects and programs. The presented framework below does provide a structure for monitoring overall NBSAP implementation. A few assumptions when creating the framework are that monitoring and evaluation will occur on an annual basis during the full implementation period of the updated NBAP; and that the information structure will also help provide relevant information for reporting obligations. The components in the monitoring framework are as follows: 1. Strategic target – Targets as detailed in the updated NBS under each strategic pathway and elaborated with actions in section 2 of the NBAP 2. Baseline description – A (brief) description of the current situation with regard to the target 3. Progress indicators – Intermediate outcomes indicating progress toward achieving the target. Note that there is no column for providing verification of indicators, such as reports, legal documents etc. Such means of verification are assumed to be inherent to the indicator and added e.g. as annexes in monitoring or progress reports. 4. Achieved outcomes in year x – A brief description, yet as precise as possible of the outcomes achieved during the implementation year being evaluated (in terms of what or who has changed, when and where). Note that this does not refer to activities implemented (see #6) rather than the impacts as a result of those activities 5. Level of significance – Referring to the achieved outcomes (#4), a brief explanation of the significance of the achieved outcomes in relation to the strategic target (i.e. to what extent does the achieved outcome bring the country closer toward reaching the target). 6. Contributing activities – List in short the activities or interventions that were implemented that contributed to the achieved outcomes. Note that more than one activity can lead to an outcome and activities can contribute to more than one outcome. 7. Obstacles encountered / needs identified – A brief description of any challenges or obstacles encountered and additional needs identified during implementation. 8. Key actors involved – A listing of the main key actors involved for the achieved outcomes 9. Headline, component and complementary indicators - the various GBF monitoring indicators which may be relevant for national reports and submission of the updated NBSAP in the context of Suriname, in line with Conference of the Parties decision CBD/COP/15/5 regarding the GBF Monitoring Framework. (see also annex 1). Some targets do not yet have headline or other GBF indicators, but may still be added at a later stage as the Technical Expert Group on Indicators for the GBF develops additional indicators. In some cases in this column, alternative indicators were added based on other existing frameworks, such as the SDGs. This was indicated between brackets behind the indicator. The monitoring and evaluation framework below provides only a basis for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the updated NBAP. During actual implementation it is probable that individual targets or even actions are funded through separate projects or are part of a larger project. It can be relevant, also in light of national reporting, to, for example: • Add further details to the baseline description • Specify more smaller progress indicators of change, e.g. stakeholders have met, priorities have been listed, plans have been drawn up • Include means of verification, e.g. outcome documents, provisions in updated laws, formally adopted policies, ministry budgets, meeting reports etc. • Add information regarding how encountered obstacles were or are recommended to address • Add any other remarks deemed necessary for learning and adaptive management of NBAP implementation 50 Table 23 Monitoring and evaluation framework for the updated NBSAP Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved Strategic Pathway 1 - Conservation of Biodiversity Strategic target 1.1 Terrestrial, marine and wetland protected areas in Suriname comprise 30% of the total area and are effectively managed, including in the EEZ, covering unique and vulnerable ecosystems in all parts of the country. Currently, protected areas in 1. Unique and vulnerable ecosystems Main relevant GBF targets 3, 8, 11 Suriname comprise 13% of the needing protection have been Relevant headline indicators total surface area. There are prioritized by all relevant stakeholders - 3.1 Coverage of protected areas and currently no marine protected 2. Co-management models for other effective conversation measures areas. protected areas, after having been (OECMs) The Nature Conservation Law (1954) and various management reviewed and revised by right- and - B.1 Services provided by plans for protected areas require stakeholders, are broadly supported. ecosystems updating. The draft updated 3. The new Nature Management Law Relevant component indicators Nature Management Law (2018) is is revised, incorporating broadly - Protected area coverage of key not yet approved. supported co-management models biodiversity areas Financial resources and technical as well as field capacity for - Protected Area Management 4. The updated Nature Management relevant institutions such as Effectiveness (PAME) Law and its implementation decrees LBB/NB are not enough for - The number of protected areas that are approved by Parliament adequate monitoring and have completed a site-level assessment enforcement. 5. Legislation establishing new of governance and equity (SAGE) protected areas, terrestrial and - Species Protection Index marine, has been approved Relevant complementary indicators 6. The Integrated Coastal Zone - Status of key biodiversity areas Management plan has been updated - IUCN Green List of Protected and and a program management unit for its Conserved Areas, Red List of implementation has been established. Ecosystems - Extent to which protected areas and 7. Management plans for protected other effective area based conservation areas (old and new) have been measures cover key biodiversity areas updated. that are important for migratory species 8. Budget (financial resources) of NB - Coverage of protected areas and has increased other effective area based conservation 51 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved measures and traditional territories (by governance type) 9. Required additional personnel, - National legislation, policies or other skills and materials for monitoring and measures regarding free, prior and enforcement of protected areas informed consent related to legislation are present in NB. conservation - Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality Strategic target 1.2 Suriname has initiated ecological restoration and rehabilitation of degraded, polluted or depleted terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems using evidence-based procedures, norms and national guidelines There are no legal or policy 1. Locations and extent of degraded, Main relevant GBF targets 2, 11 requirements for restoration or polluted or depleted ecosystems are rehabilitation of ecosystems Relevant headline indicators identified and prioritized according to following harmful activities. There - 2.2 Area under restoration agreed upon criteria. are no public led pilot projects - B.1 Services provided by targeting restoration or 2. A general policy framework has ecosystems rehabilitation. It is unclear whether been adopted for procedures on there is any research done restoration and rehabilitation of regarding restoration of damaged, Relevant component indicators terrestrial, marine and aquatic depleted or degraded ecosystems. Maintenance and restoration of ecosystems. connectivity of natural ecosystems 3. Develop science-based specific rehabilitation protocols for degraded, Relevant complementary indicators polluted, and depleted ecosystems - Proportion of bodies of water with and key species following destructive good ambient water quality activities, e.g. mining - Change in the quality of inland water ecosystems over time 4. Adjust land-, and sea- and aquatic - Increase in secondary natural forest use sectoral policies and regulations cover to incorporate ecological restoration - Percentage of cropped landscapes and rehabilitation with at least 10 per cent of natural land 5. Finalize draft mining law in light of - Priority retention of intact/ responsible practices, reducing wilderness areas negative impact on biodiversity and - Status of key biodiversity areas the environment, and destruction and pollution rehabilitation, and submit for approval 52 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved 6. Restore and/or rehabilitate prioritized areas, ecosystems or species Strategic target: 1.3. Suriname effectively protects endangered animal and plant species through coordinated management and monitoring systems and has the required technical and financial capacity for the enforcement of wildlife trade regulations. Wild animal and plant species in 1. Legal framework for protecting, Main relevant GBF targets 4,5 Suriname are under threat of sustainably harvesting and trading of habitat destruction (e.g. by wild animals and plants has been Relevant headline indicators mining, logging, urbanisation) and evaluated and recommendations for - A.3 Red List Index overexploitation. The extent of updates provided - A.5 Proportion of population within these threats is not always 2. Various laws and regulations for species with an effective size>500 quantified and data on population protecting, sustainably harvesting and - 5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within numbers are often lacking. The legal framework for protecting trading of wild animals and plants biologically sustainable levels endangered species is outdated, have been updated and approved by and collaborations between Parliament. Relevant component indicators various public organisations such 3. The collaborative assessment of the - Living Planet index for used species as law enforcement, forest state of and (external) pressures on - Species habitat index officers, game wardens, and biodiversity in indigenous and tribal - Biodiversity habitat index customs require more investments community territories on which - Red List Index for used species to function optimally. - Sustainable use of wild species communities depend is complete - Trends in effective and sustainable 4. The extent of threats to management of human-wildlife endangered and vulnerable species conflict and coexistence has been quantified Relevant complementary indicators 5. Management actions for addressing - Number of threatened species by threats to endangered and vulnerable species group species are incorporated in policies - Marine/Species richness 6. The assessment of the impact of - Mean Species Abundance (MSA) the wildlife trade, including spin-off - Species Protection Index effects, on biodiversity and - Species Status Index endangered species is complete - Proportion of populations maintained within species 7. Sanctions for poaching and illegal - Proportion of legal and illegal wildlife wildlife trade have been revised after trade consisting of species threatened evaluation with extinction 53 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved 8. Human, financial, technical and - Illegal trade by CITES species material capacity of LBB/NB has been classification strengthened - Implementation of measures designed to minimize the impacts of 9. Cooperative structures between fisheries and hunting on migratory organisations have been established species and their habitats for effective enforcement of relevant laws and illegal trade 10. Potential risks and benefits, feasibility and required conditions for captive breeding programs of endangered or threatened wildlife have been systematically identified Strategic target 1.4 Suriname has increased awareness and developed early detection and management systems for preventing the introduction of exotic species and reducing the risks and impact from invasive species According to the 6th national Main relevant GBF target 6 1. Assessment on the introduction, report to the CBD, Existing spread and impact of invasive alien information regarding invasive Relevant headline indicator plant and animal species on local alien species in Suriname dates 6.1 Rate of invasive alien species ecosystems is complete, including the back more than five years. It is establishment extent, challenges and opportunities unclear to what extent the Plant Protection Act (1965) contains 2. Inventory on invasive alien species Relevant component indicator sufficient provisions to address and risks in Suriname is up to date - Rate of invasive species impact and current and prevent potential rate of impact risks from invasive alien species. 3. Legislation has been updated or - Rate of invasive alien species spread Adequate institutional structure developed to adequately regulate - Number of invasive alien species and division of responsibilities registration, monitoring and control of introduction events for regulating risks and impacts invasive alien species and associated from invasive alien species is risks Relevant complementary indicator lacking. - Number of invasive alien species in 4. Policies and measures are in place national lists as per the Global for managing risks and addressing - Register of Introduced and Invasive negative impacts from invasive alien Species species on local ecosystems - Trends in abundance, temporal 54 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved 5. Systems are in place for early occurrence, and spatial distribution of detection and monitoring of invasive non-indigenous species, particularly alien species and associated risks invasive, non-indigenous species, notably in risk areas 6. A structural network is established - Red List Index (for invasive species) to coordinate and collaborate for reducing risks and addressing negative impact from invasive alien species Strategic Pathway 2 – Sustainable use of biodiversity Strategic target 2.1 Suriname has adopted terrestrial and marine spatial planning laws and regulations, including zoning and integrated management plans, to minimize unsustainable ecosystem conversion or degradation. Spatial planning legislation is 1. Human and technical capacity at Main relevant GBF targets 1 being prepared, and an the dedicated institutions has been accompanying stakeholder expanded for the integration of Relevant headline indicator consultation process is expected biodiversity-related aspects in 1.1 Percent of land and sea area to be implemented. The law and spatial planning and zoning on land covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans associated legal documents are and in the sea. A.1 Red List of Ecosystems yet to be submitted to 2. The law on spatial planning is A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems Parliament and formalized. Data to inform the formalization submitted to Parliament and its approval forthcoming. Relevant component indicators of marine spatial planning is Priority retention of intact/ wilderness available to some extent from 3. Implementation decrees for the areas previous projects on the subject. national law on spatial planning Existing legislation contains Relevant complementary indicators contain provisions related to areas provisions for marine/fisheries - Percentage of spatial plans utilizing of high/unique biodiversity zoning, but the legal framework information on key biodiversity areas importance and principles of might require - Habitat patches located within marine integrated water resource expansion/updating to enable protected areas or integrated coastal management and are approved. integrated marine spatial zone management (ICZM) 55 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved planning. There is currently no 4. Final land zoning policy, based - Other spatial management plans explicit link between spatial on zoning standards incorporate (not captured as ICZM or marine planning, important biodiversity aspects related to intact critical spatial planning) aspects (e.g. high biodiversity biodiversity areas healthy living - Proportion of transboundary basin zones, corridors and buffer environments and controlling the area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation zones). agriculture frontier. - Ecosystem integrity index 5. Recommendations for legislation - Proportion (extent) of natural on marine spatial planning are ecosystems by type provided based on available data and evaluation of the Law on Maritime Zoning (Wet Maritieme Zones) 6. Marine spatial planning law and policies are developed Strategic target 2.2 Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of ecosystem from various sectors through established national environmental quality standards, integrated waste management- and monitoring systems in line with national legislation The Environmental Framework 1. The range of relevant policies GBF target 7 Act mentions environmental and responsibilities with regard to quality and contamination, but waste- and pollution management Relevant headline indicator environmental quality are identified and streamlined 7.2 Pesticide environment requirements and safety between institutions concentration standards are yet to be 2. Inter-ministerial, interdisciplinary Relevant component indicators established and formalized in pollution taskforce is set up - Fertilizer use legal orders. The lack of such - Floating plastic debris density (by benchmarks is a challenge for 3. The nationwide state of polluted micro and macro plastics) enforcement and for controlling and contaminated ecosystems has pollution and contamination been systematically and Relevant complementary indicators risks. quantitatively assessed. - Hazardous waste generation There is no comprehensive - Trends in the amount of litter, overview of the various sources 4. Point- and non-point sources of including microplastics, in the water of pollution (risk). Available data pollution and contamination risks to column and on the seafloor on the state of ecosystems with ecosystems have been identified. - Plastic debris density 56 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved regard to pollution and 5. Priorities for ecosystem - Underwater noise pollution contamination differs per remediation and reduction of - Name, amount/ volume/ pollutant (e.g. mercury, cyanide, pollution risks have been set. concentration of highly hazardous plastic and solid waste, pesticides by type (per land/marine pesticides). Integrated plans for 6. An integrated waste management area) and pollution remediation plan(s) has - Pesticide use per area of cropland managing waste, preventing and addressing pollution risks are yet been developed. to be developed. 7. Regulations are developed and approved for the coordinated management of plastic pollution impact on marine and aquatic ecosystems. 8. Evidence-based national environmental quality standards are adopted and regularly monitored for high-risk pollutants. 9. The import list of hazardous objects, substances are evaluated and revised 10. National safety standards for the use of hazardous objects, substances and organisms are developed. 11. Human/financial/technical (as needed) capacity is increased for enforcement of allowed import and use of hazardous objects, substances and organisms. 12. Contamination with hazardous substances and organisms in 57 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved protected areas is inspected and remediated. 13. The national biosafety framework has been updated 14. A regional response (plan/system) to transboundary pollution on land and sea has been developed Strategic target 2.3 Suriname enforces the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity in land-, sea- and freshwater use economic sectors through responsible practices and technologies, in line with sound land use planning and zoning Forestry 1. The Code of Practice for the Main relevant GBF targets 10, 11 In recent years the forestry forestry sector has been updated, Relevant headline indicators institutions have been actively incorporating biodiversity aspects - 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area working on developing and into reduced-impact logging, the under productive and sustainable upgrading systems for improving production of minor and non-timber agriculture (in the context of the sustainability of the forest forest products, and tree diversity agroforestry and plantations) sector. The Code of Practice restoration - 10.2 Progress towards sustainable (2011) is not yet formalized by forest management 2. The system of community forest law (1992) and requires updates - B.1 Services provided by (forest) concessions has been critically in light of new logging ecosystems evaluated in light of negative techniques that minimize CO2 impact on regeneration and tree Relevant component indicators emissions, impact on species diversity - Red List Index for used species biodiversity and forest degradation. There are no local - Area of forest under sustainable 3. The Forest Management Law studies or policies with regard to management: total forest management (1992) has been revised with certification (*proportion of certified active restoration of degraded regard to community forest forest management area) forest landscapes. The current concessions, the updated Code of - Average income of small-scale system of community forest Practice, NTFP production, timber and non-timber forestry concessions leaves room for sustainability incentives, restoration producers, by sex and indigenous unsustainable practices and is in and certification status (non-GBF indicator) conflict with the pending law on 58 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved collective rights for ITP’s. It is 4. The assessment of the negative - Living Planet Index for used species unclear to what extent the impact of illegal logging and non- - Ecosystem services provided by private sector is aware of the compliance on degradation of forest ecosystems (non-GBF indicator) larger benefits from biodiversity- habitat quality for biodiversity is friendly value chains, and to complete Relevant complementary indicators - Agrobiodiversity Index (in the what extent they are capable of 5. A national capacity building context of swidden agriculture in implementing this. program targeting the private forest landscapes) sector has been developed on the - Proportion of land that is degraded impact of the Roundwood value over total land area chain on biodiversity and - Forestry Production & Trade (Wood Fuel) transitioning to sustainable timber - Amount of carbon dioxide storage by and ntfp value chains forests of all types (non-GBF indicator) Fisheries 6. Communication between focal Main relevant GBF targets 5, 11 The policy vision, status, and points for the NBSAP and Fisheries Relevant headline indicators challenges with regard to the Management Plan 2021-2025 has

5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within fisheries sector are elaborated in been established. biologically sustainable levels the fisheries management plan - B.1 Services provided by (aquatic, 7. Relevant policies are adopted (2014-2018, 2021-2025). The marine and estuarine) ecosystems with regard to licensing, bycatch, link between these plans and the fishing techniques and vessel NBSAP has been established in Relevant component indicators monitoring systems, in light of risks the former, but can be better - Red List Index for utilizeed species of overexploitation and negative enacted upon. Some of the main - Average income of small-scale food impacts on marine biodiversity challenges in the fisheries sector producers, by sex and indigenous is controlling overexploitation status and bycatch, and enforcement of 8. The classification of artisanal - Living Planet Index for used species regulations. Policies, licencing fishery has been evaluated in light and monitoring systems have of sector impact and sustainable Relevant complementary indicators been evaluated and exploitation levels 59 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved recommendations provided are 9. Technical capacity at the Ministry - By-catch of vulnerable and non- to be implemented. It is unclear department has been increased for target species (e.g. marine turtles in whether data collection, modelling and the context of Suriname) analysis of fish stocks and - Degree of implementation of breeding/spawning grounds international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and 10. The Ministry department is able unregulated fishing to determine sustainable harvesting - Proportion of local breeds classified as quotas, and rehabilitation and being at risk of extinction zoning policies, supported by data - Maximum fish catch potential being collected. - Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels (SDG 11. Fisheries zoning and licensing indicator 14.4.1) regulations have been updated in - Combatting illegal, unreported and light of conflicts and unregulated (IUU) fishing (SDG overexploitation indicator 14.6.1) - Proportion of annual catch relative to 12. Capacity of government maximum annual allowable catch, organisations for monitoring, based on sustainable harvest potential enforcement and control in marine (non-GBF indicator) and aquatic fisheries has been increased Agriculture 13. The effectiveness of the Main relevant GBF targets 10, 11 Agriculture Master Plan in light of The agriculture sector in Relevant headline indicators environmental and native Suriname is seen as a promising - 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area biodiversity impact has been sector for economic under productive and sustainable evaluated development in Suriname. The agriculture - 10.2 Progress towards sustainable Agriculture Master Plan 2016- 14. Policies have been developed forest management 2030 sets out basic lines for with regard to environmentally and - B.1 Services provided by ecosystems agriculture development, but biodiversity friendly practices Relevant component indicators has so far not resulted in 15. Laws that define and enhance - Red List Index for used species concrete steps or policies toward policies and actions that sustainable agriculture, enhance sustainable agriculture. agroforestry, agro-ecological 60 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved Current legislation does not principles have been formulated - Area of forest under sustainable provide incentives for practices and submitted for approval management: total forest management such as permaculture and certification 16. A law that regulates standards - Average income of small-scale food agroforestry. In addition, for the use of pesticides has been producers, by sex and indigenous structural extension programs formulated and submitted for status that could help amplify such approval - Plant genetic resources for food and practices are lacking. It is agriculture (SDG indicator 2.5.1.a) unclear to what extent laws on 17. Structural information sharing - Animal genetic resources for food the introduction and use of and extension programs on and agriculture (SDG indicator pesticides, GMO’s and exotic sustainable agriculture practices 2.5.1.b) varieties are enforced. A 10-year and agrobiodiversity are developed/ project, started in 2021, in strengthened and running in all which SNRI-ADRON is districts Relevant complementary indicators participating: Biodiversity for - Agrobiodiversity Index Opportunities, Livelihoods and 18. The state of use of GMO's and - Proportion of local breeds classified as Development. exotic varieties, and the risks to being at risk of extinction (agro)biodiversity have been - Proportion of land that is degraded assessed over total land area - Prevalence of moderate or severe 19. A coordinated governance food insecurity in the population, structure has been set up for the based on the Food Insecurity registration, monitoring and Experience Scale enforcement of responsible use of - Green status index (pollinators) GMO's and the introduction of - Proportion of agricultural area under exotic varieties productive and sustainable agriculture (SDG indicator 2.4.1) 20. Laws and regulations on the import and use of GMO's have been revised and approved to protect native genetic resources Tourism 21. A strategic environmental and Main relevant GBF targets 10, 11 Tourism is a sector still social assessment for nature Relevant headline indicators considered central to sustainable tourism development have been - 10.2 Progress towards sustainable economic development in conducted in light of negative bio- forest management (in light of Suriname, utilizing the products and cultural diversity impact 61 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved and services provided by 22. Provisions on responsible nature sustainable nature tourism)- B.1 biodiversity for promoting nature tourism and the reduction of Services provided by ecosystems tourism. In 2023 the Tourism biodiversity risks have been Law has been approved and the incorporated in the implementation Relevant component indicators National Tourism Authority has decrees for Tourism Framework Law - Red List Index for used species - Average income of small-scale food been established to regulate and and the Tourism Authority Law producers, by sex and indigenous develop the sector. The National 23. A national definition of nature status Strategic Tourism Plan 2018- tourism has been adopted - Immaterial ecosystem services 2030 provides the direction for provided by natural areas for tourism developing tourism in general, (non-GBF indicator) but substantial aspects for 24. The process has started for sustainably developing nature developing nature tourism Relevant complementary indicators tourism specifically are yet to be sustainability standards to protect - Ecological Footprint further elaborated in definitions, biodiversity and ecological integrity - Visitor management assessment policies, and national standards - Willingness to pay for 25. Nature tourism sustainability among others. certified/responsible nature tourism standards have been incorporated activities ( non-GBF indicator) in technical regulations 26. The development of plans and incentives has started with regard to training and certification based on nature tourism sustainability standards Strategic target 2.4 Based on increased evidence-based understanding on ecosystem services, Suriname’s public, private and societal organizations incorporate nature-based solutions in urban planning, climate resilience, food production systems and the development of sustainable livelihood options. An general ecosystem services 1. A national ecosystem services GBF targets 11, 12 assessment was conducted in assessment and valuation has been Suriname in 2020-2022 as part reviewed and updated in light of Relevant headline indicators of the Ecosystem Services international financing mechanisms - B.1 Services provided by ecosystems Observatory project. Natural - 12.1 Average share of builtup area 2. A preliminary system for natural in cities that is green/blue space for capital accounting is a novel capital accounting has been public use by all concept in Suriname but is developed as part of a pilot becoming more relevant with 62 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved increasing talks commodification 3. An assessment has been Relevant component indicators of ecosystem services and completed on how relevant - Number of directly affected persons natural resources, in particular ecosystem services and nature- by natural disasters per 100,000 carbon sequestration. There are based solutions can be incorporated population ad hoc or independent initiatives in policies for urban planning, - Recreational and cultural ecosystem services provided focused on showing the infrastructure development, importance of certain ecosystem pollution management, climate Relevant complementary indicators services or exploring ways to adaptation and other relevant Natural capital accounts used in incorporate these, e.g. coastal planning processes planning processes protection by mangroves, urban 4. Recommendations are provided heat and stormflow mitigation for practically integrating through urban green spaces. But ecosystem services and nature- there is no compilation or based solutions in e.g. urban synthesis of such initiatives that planning, infrastructure provides clear and concrete development, flood risk input for incorporation into management, climate adaptation. planning processes and policies.

2.5 Suriname has set priorities and developed a plan for phasing out or reforming subsidies and incentives for the private sector that are harmful for biodiversity and for regulating incentives in favour of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity including transparency and compliance. To be assessed during 1. Local companies have built the GBF targets 15, 16, 18 implementation. capacity to fulfil their role in ESIA's with regard to biodiversity Relevant headline indicators dependency and impact - 15.1 Number of companies reporting on disclosures of risks, dependencies 2. Existing incentives that are harmful and impacts on biodiversity for biodiversity and opportunities for - 18.1 Positive incentives in place to positive incentives have been promote biodiversity conservation and assessed sustainable use - 18.2 Value of subsidies and other 3. Legal, policy and tax incentives incentives harmful to biodiversity that developed for the private sector to have been eliminated, phased our or minimize their negative impact on reformed biodiversity and environment 63 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved 4. National standards for 'green Relevant component indicators labelling' of biodiversity responsible - Value of subsidies or other incentives products have been developed harmful to biodiversity, that are redirected, repurposed or eliminated 5. Short courses on biodiversity and ecosystem services topics have been Relevant complementary indicators developed for companies to promote - Number of companies publishing green/ sustainability principles and sustainability reports sustainable consumption - Biodiversity-relevant taxes, charges and fees Strategic Pathway 3 – Fair and equitable ABS Strategic target 3.1 The collective traditional knowledge and associated intellectual rights of indigenous and tribal communities are recognized in Suriname’s legislation There is currently no legislation 1. A national definition of traditional Main relevant GBF targets 13, 21, 22 protecting intellectual property knowledge has been adopted rights and collective rights of ITP following engagement with rights Relevant headline indicators communities are not recognized, holders and stakeholders - C.1 (monetary benefits received) including their traditional - C.2 (non-monetary benefits) 2. Agreement has been reached on knowledge that is closely - 21.1 Indicator on biodiversity the necessary conditions for associated with local ecology. Ad information for the monitoring the protecting traditional knowledge in hoc initiatives in an attempt to global biodiversity framework light of using biodiversity and genetic define traditional knowledge and resources take further steps toward Relevant component indicators legislation, but no further - Number of permits or their developments were noted. equivalents for genetic resources (including those related to traditional knowledge) by type of permit 3. Laws and regulations have been - Species Status Index developed to protect traditional - Proportion of total adult population knowledge and intellectual property with secure tenure rights to land, (a) rights in light of using biodiversity and with legally recognized genetic resources documentation, and (b) who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and type of tenure Relevant complementary indicators 64 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved - Policy/legislation requiring free, prior and informed consent - Estimated percentage of monetary and non-monetary benefits directed towards conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity - Growth in species occurrence records accessible through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility - Land tenure [in the traditional territories] of indigenous peoples and local communities [by sex and type of tenure] Strategic target 3.2 Indigenous, tribal and other local communities have capacities and respected structures for protecting their traditional knowledge and managing community territory biological resources Information sharing is suboptimal 1. Capacity strengthening programs Main relevant GBF targets 13, 22 in ITP communities and general for local communities have been Relevant headline indicators awareness regarding their rights developed on topics such as rights, - C.1 (monetary benefits received) and how to deal with external protecting traditional knowledge - C.2 (non-monetary benefits) organisations can benefit from against exploitative and commercial additional efforts to increase biodiversity research, and data Relevant component indicators awareness, understanding and collection in indigenous and tribal - Proportion of total adult population skills. ITP representative territories with secure tenure rights to land, (a) organisations are the main channel with legally recognized of support to communities from 2. ITP authority representatives documentation, and (b) who perceive their worldview. (VIDS, KAMPOS, VSG, others) and their rights to land as secure, by sex organisations have the resources and type of tenure and means to implement capacity strengthening activities in local Relevant complementary indicators communities. Land tenure [in the traditional territories] of indigenous peoples and 3. ITP authority representatives local communities [by sex and type of (VIDS, KAMPOS, VSG, others) and tenure] organisations have the means and resources to work in communities on local governance and territorial 65 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved management in light of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. Strategic target 3.3 The access and benefit sharing provisions of the UNCBD are incorporated in national legislation and transparent procedures for bioprospecting, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits, recognizing the rights, including intellectual property rights, of all Surinamese citizens There is no legislation with 1. A plausible vision has been GBF target 13 regard to bioprospecting, and it developed with regard to Relevant headline indicators is unclear what the priority or bioprospecting in Suriname as part of - C.1 (monetary benefits received) plans are for developing this economic development. - C.2 (non-monetary benefits) sector. 2. The process of developing new laws Relevant component indicator on bioprospecting, access to and use - Number of permits or their of genetic resources has been equivalents for genetic resources initiated. (including those related to traditional knowledge) by type of permit 3. A dialogue has been started with regard to fair procedures and Relevant complementary indicators regulations for benefit sharing from - Policy/legislation require prior the use of genetic material and informed consent that have published associated traditional knowledge legislative, administrative or policy 4. Knowledge and awareness of measures on access and benefit- government, private and civil society sharing in the ABS organisations on bioprospecting, fair - Published information on access and access and equitable benefit sharing benefit-sharing procedures mechanisms has been increased Strategic Pathway 4 – Mainstreaming and enabling conditions

4.1 The capacity of Suriname’s institutions and relevant groups are strengthened for effective management, monitoring and evaluation, technical cooperation, fund mobilizing and science-policy communication of the NBSAP implementation. A national capacity assessment in 1. A biodiversity/NBSAP capacity GBF target 20 light of biodiversity conservation needs assessment among and sustainable use, and the government, private sector and civil Relevant headline indicator implementation of the NBSAP has society organisations has been No GBF headline indicator not been done. A national capacity completed assessment was done in 2008 in Relevant component indicator more general nature-related 2. A general training program on conservation planning, ecosystem 66 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved terms. In the current context (see services, nature-based solutions and Relevant complementary indicators NBS national context section) natural capital accounting has been Finance mobilized for capacity there is a need for capacity (re- developed targeting policy makers )building. and planners 3. In-depth training on specific technical topics, based on capacity needs assessment has been developed for technical personnel 4. A collaboration has been established with trainers to regularly offer training to relevant policy makers, technical staff and other relevant private sector and civil society organisations 5. Government and other relevant organisations have the capabilities identifying and communicating their biodiversity-related needs to potential donors Strategic target 4.2 Suriname has increased its national budget for biodiversity-related policy areas, and has improved knowledge of and access to international finance, including innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services and biodiversity offsetting, and synergies with climate financing. There are no systems in place yet 1. Human and technical capacity of GBF target 19 to directly distinguish which funds government and other relevant Relevant headline indicator of the Ministry budget were organisations for efficient fund - D.1 International public funding, allocated to biodiversity related allocation and international including official development activities. Steps are being taken to biodiversity funds mobilization have assistance (ODA) for conservation and make it possible to earmark been increased sustainable use of biodiversity and national budget lines and make it 2. The capacity of scientific institutes ecosystems easier to report on thematic for accessing international funding and - D.2 Domestic public funding on government expenditures. financial resources for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of Accessing international finances is research has been increased biodiversity and ecosystems in some cases successful but too - D.3 Private funding (domestic and fragmented in terms of sharing 3. Responsible actors and international) on conservation and stakeholders are able to identify and 67 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved capacities for accessing funds and emphasize synergies between sustainable use of biodiversity and efficiently mobilizing finances. climate- and forest and biodiversity ecosystems related issues for efficient financing and benefit sharing Relevant component indicator No GBF Relevant component indicator 4. A structural system or procedure available has been created to coordinate across government for sharing policy Relevant complementary indicator priorities and efficiently allocating - Financial and technical assistance funds for biodiversity in annual provided in dollars budgets - Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by 5. A national nature and environment sector and type of study fund has been established with regulations designating a portion of extractive industries revenues to the fund 6. Concrete, strategic synergies have been formulated between biodiversity, forest, climate and SDGs when negotiating and applying for international financing mechanisms Strategic target 4.3 The importance of biodiversity and the nature-human relationship are structurally integrated in Suriname’s education curricula for elementary and middle school, and in awareness campaigns on related issues. Topics related to nature are 1. Collaboration(s) with regional/ Main relevant GBF targets 21 incorporated in elementary international organisations have been established to professionalize local Relevant headline indicator education during the ‘nature institutes' capacity for nature 21.1 Indicator on biodiversity lessons’, with biodiversity education and information sharing information for the monitoring the incorporated under the topic global biodiversity framework environmental management. 2. Biodiversity and related cultural The curriculum is being revised diversity are explicitly incorporated in with a focus on the broader educational curricula in local languages Relevant component indicator scope of the SDGs, which 3. Education material integrating Extent to which (i) global citizenship includes aspects of nature and lessons on biodiversity and education and (ii) education for 68 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved biodiversity. Some aspects are environment for elementary and sustainable development, including also included in the basic life middle school has been developed gender equality and human rights, skills curriculum. In higher are mainstreamed at all levels in: 4. Environmental education is education and university level (a) national education policies, (b) included in schools in the interior education, biodiversity is curricula, (c) teacher education and integrated in the curriculum on 5. Information campaigns on the (d) student assessments different levels, albeit implicitly impact of terrestrial activities on marine ecosystems have been Relevant complementary indicator (from the genetic to the developed, with resources and a plan - Biodiversity and sustainability ecological level). Awareness for execution lessons integrated in elementary, campaigns are ad hoc and may middle, and higher education result in an overload of varying 6. Linkages between human curricula ( Non-GBF indicator) information, as a probable consumption and production, - Teachers training in nature consequence creating noise and conservation, human wellbeing, the education ( Non-GBF indicator) failing to sink in with audiences. SDGs and climate adaption important - Nature education policies (Non- to educate the general public have GBF indicator) been described 7. Holistic awareness campaigns on the ecological footprint and impact of humans’ consumption and production choices on biodiversity have been launched. Strategic target 4.4 Increased Surinamese scientific research, including community-based research, is published, linked to national databases, and contributes to credible and legitimate knowledge on Suriname’s biodiversity in the broadest sense. The scientific institutes linked to 1. The whole of scientific institutes in Main relevant GBF target 21 the Anton de Kom University of Suriname have set national research Relevant headline indicator Suriname implement various agenda’s for a) forestry research & No GBF headline indicator research projects related to or innovation, b) agriculture & relevant for biodiversity. In agronomy, c) marine biodiversity, d) Relevant component indicator nature tourism some cases, institutes are also Relevant complementary indicator approached by the government 2. Suriname’s marine and terrestrial (Non-GBF indicator) or civil society organisations to ecosystems and biodiversity are - Growth in number of records and collaborate in projects containing further described and assessed, species in the Living Planet Index a research component. A big building on existing knowledge database 69 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved challenge for the scientific 3. The pressures and impact on - Growth in species occurrence institutes is access to funding, biodiversity and the sensitivity to records accessible through the Global which is partly addressed by these pressures are mapped on a Biodiversity Information Facility partnering with international national level - Growth in marine species occurrence scientific organisations in records accessible through OBIS 4. Overview of plant and animal - Proportion of known species projects. There are also other species that are exploited assessed through The IUCN Red List organisations, mainly civil commercially in the land- and sea of Threatened Species society organisations or research use sectors - Number of assessments on The IUCN foundations that conduct Red List of Threatened Species research (e.g. environmental 5. The spread and impact of NGO’s, or organisations such as invasive plant and animal species Nikos). In light of enhancing on local ecosystems have been knowledge, the number of mapped and assessed scientific publications on Suriname’s biodiversity and 6. A national biodiversity database related issues is still limited. A is accessible, maintained and biodiversity database is being regularly updated developed, but it is not clear 7. Studies are completed and how existing challenges will be published on the role and addressed to populate the knowledge of women in biodiversity database with legitimate, management, use and protection in credible and salient data. In Suriname and the gender specific general, and partly as a impact of biodiversity changes consequence of this context, there is no clear scientific 8. Scientific protocols for data research agenda when it comes collection and monitoring of to biodiversity and related biodiversity are developed and agreed issues. This in turn makes it upon by relevant stakeholders difficult to e.g. prioritize 9. Monitoring systems for biodiversity conservation action, establish are in place for priority issues in sustainable use quota’s, and relation to i) ecosystem state and develop (new) biodiversity- impact from economic activities, and dependent sectors. ii) wildlife species populations 10. A monitoring system is functioning for the use and risks of 70 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved exotic strains and varieties in agriculture and industry 11. Sustainable harvesting levels in the main land-, sea- and freshwater use sectors have been evaluated and established. 12. The capacity for genetic analysis and registration (barcoding) of organisms by local institutes has increased 13. Collaboration with leading regional or international scientific organisations have been established by local scientific institutes 14. Local institutes are better able to conduce scientific research, data sharing, monitoring and publishing on biodiversity 15. Participation of local researchers in international scientific networks and events on biodiversity has increased 16. A national assessment on the knowledge, status, trends and policy effectiveness of biodiversity and ecosystem services has been published targeting policy makers Strategic target 4.5 There is increased understanding of the risks and impacts of climate change on terrestrial and marine biodiversity in Suriname and of how biodiversity can be integrated in climate adaptation strategies. A lot of attention has gone out to 1. Potential indicator species and Main relevant GBF target 8 climate change effects, impact, ecosystems vulnerable to climate mitigation and adaptation in change have been identified 71 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved Suriname, with the development in 2. Climate change related impacts on Relevant headline indicator recent years of the National biodiversity in Suriname have been No GBF headline indicator Adaptation Plan, Nationally assessed Relevant component indicator Appropriate Mitigation Actions (in 3. Regulations on wildlife harvesting the energy sector), the second - Number of countries that adopt and and breeding season indications are Nationally Determined implement national disaster risk updated by incorporating climate Contribution, and the Third reduction strategies in line with the change impact National Communication. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk international call to streamline Reduction 2015–2030 that include efforts toward addressing the biodiversity climate and biodiversity crises in a synergetic way has not yet Relevant complementary indicator translated to the national level in - Above-ground biomass stock in Suriname. Research on the 3. An interdisciplinary team has been forests (tonnes/ha) linkages between climate, climate established to integrate biodiversity - National greenhouse inventories change and biodiversity is limited. and climate change strategies from land use and land use change - Proportion of local governments that 4. The interdisciplinary team has adopt and implement local disaster identified, discussed and risk reduction strategies in line with recommended specific interventions national disaster risk reduction to integrate biodiversity conservation strategies and climate adaptation strategies, and - Number of least developed countries efficiently use potential international and small island developing States financing with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans, strategies as reported in adaptation communications and national communications Strategic target 4.6 Suriname has harmonized environmental and economic policies and all relevant government-, civil society- and private sector organizations are involved in the NBSAP implementation. There are various government 1. Nature and environmental Main relevant GBF target 14 institutes and organisations with management mandates and responsibilities in policy making have 72 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved mandates for environmental and been streamlined between Relevant headline indicator nature management, but government bodies No GBF headline indicator overlapping or lacking clarity 2. A coordinating government Relevant component indicator regarding distinct structure has been set up to identify responsibilities. The effective Relevant complementary indicator and streamline different international implementation of the NBSAP - Number of countries that have treaty obligations, responsibilities and and mainstreaming of adopted legislative, administrative and national integration related to biodiversity in other sectors, policy frameworks to ensure fair and biodiversity and environment there is a need for efficient use equitable sharing of benefits (SDG of human, technical and financial 3. Synergies have been identified indicator 15.6.1) resources, and thus streamlining between different international treaty obligations, responsibilities and of these responsibilities in a national legal integration related to structural way. Biodiversity is biodiversity and environment generally perceived as something separate from 4. Regular coordination between economic activities. national climate change and biodiversity focal points takes place to enhance synergies 5. A dedicated unit for monitoring, evaluating and coordinating the implementation of the updated NBSAP has been set up Strategic target 4.7 Suriname’s biodiversity policies include gender-responsive actions and these are implemented through inclusive participation mechanisms, considering intersectionality and outcomes that effectively improve the situation of vulnerable groups, including indigenous and tribal peoples, women and youth. There are currently no 1. A structural and inclusive public- GBF targets 22, 23 effectively functioning or ITP partnership is established in light structural platforms/ mechanism of ITP participation in biodiversity- Relevant headline indicators or none at all that enable related decision-making concerning No GBF headline indicator participation by ITP’s, civil their territories and communities Relevant component indicators society and the private sector. 2. A flexible, structural platform is Inclusivity is pursued, but established for public-private-civil Relevant complementary indicators participation occurs mainly on an society cooperation on environmental - Percentage of positions in national ad hoc, one-sided when needed and biodiversity related issues and local institutions, including: (a) 73 Baseline description Progress indicators Achieved Level of Contributing Obstacles Key Relevant headline, component (intermediate outcomes) outcomes signifi- activities encountered/ actors and complementary indicators in year x cance lesson learned involved basis. 3. Relevant questions on gender and the legislatures; (b) the public The National Gender Vision biodiversity are proposed and service; and (c) the judiciary, Policy Document has been incorporated in the national census compared to national distributions, by extended with an addendum sex, age, persons with disabilities and 4. Gender-sensitive data related to regarding climate change and population groups. biodiversity has been collected - Systems to track and make public environment. through the national census allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment 5. Existing information (reports, assessments) related to gender and biodiversity access, use and management has been compiled and reviewed 6. Gender specific assessments of ecosystem services access, use and management have been conducted Strategic target 4.8 There is increased understanding of the synergies between biodiversity protection and achieving the SDG’s in the Surinamese context, for efficient measures, monitoring and financing. An ongoing movement for 1. A collaboration between the UNCBD GBF section D supporting or working toward national focal point and the SDG the SDG’s is evident in the Country Commission (SDG National Relevant headline indicators private sector. 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Annex 1 TEMPLATE FOR SUBMISSION OF NATIONAL TARGETS AS PART OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS 3 TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KUNMING-MONTREAL GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FRAMEWORK 3 This information will be collected through the online reporting tool and it will also be utilized in the national reporting template. NATIONAL TARGETS National target 1 Alignment with global Degree of alignment Notes Full name/title of goals and targets ☐ High ☐ Medium ☐ Low This table is to be repeated national target ☐ Goal A ☐ High ☐ Medium ☐ Low for each of the national ☐ Goal B ☐… targets. Please check all relevant ☐ Goal C Explanation, including which national targets and ☐ Goal D aspects of the goal or target indicate their degree of ☐ Global target 1 are covered (optional) alignment with the global _______________________ ☐ Global target 2 targets. _______________________ … High = covers all elements ______ ☐… of the global target; ☐ Enabling conditions Medium = covers most and/or other non-target elements of the global elements of the target; Kunming-Montreal Low = covers at least one Global Biodiversity element of the global target Framework (Please specify) Please outline the main policy measures or actions that will be taken to achieve this national target. (optional) _______________________ ______ Indicators to be used to monitor this national target Headline indicators (drop-down menu of headline indicators for the global targets indicated above) ☐ ☐ ☐ Component indicators (drop-down menu of component indicators for the global targets indicated above) ☐ ☐ ☐ Complementary indicators (drop-down menu of complementary indicators for the global targets indicated above) ☐ ☐ 79 ☐ Other national indicators ☐ _____________________ ☐ _____________________ ☐ _____________________ … Non-State actor It is important to describe commitments (optional) in this entry how the List the non-state initiative involves the commitments towards this national Government and national Target: others. This box would be Are there any overlaps or used to reduce double links between this national counting. target and targets or commitments submitted as non-State actor commitments to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework? If “Yes”, please indicate which commitment(s) and which actor(s). GLOBAL GOALS/TARGETS Global goals and targets National target(s) Elements of the global Notes contributing to this global targets addressed by target national targets Global goal or target (full (Automatically generated (Free text) This table is to be name/title) list from Party’s input in the repeated for each global national targets table) goal and target Response is required for each of the global targets Indicators used to assess the global Note that the headline indicator for goal or target each goal or target should be (Pre-populated from the indicators included in the list of indicators listed in the Party’s input in the and associated with a relevant national targets table) national target. Is there a reference period and national target which relates to the headline indicator? If yes, Explanation (optional) ______________________________ __