National Plan of Action for Nutrition (NPOAN)

The Goyernn,enf or Sudan j~' Prepared in Accordance with Recommendations of International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) April 1995 J\dtuofnl.eOg.em.eut ~nhernmmt of ~uba:n r£pr£stniw h1l Jfftoral 4fil{inistri£s of ~£a:li4, J\srkuliur£, ~imtfiun mw Jffimtntt fnnulh lib tu afutil tlyis uppmhmi~ tn a:cluwfulwg£ f1r£ infnma:h1£ Xlrulptica:l mth Jffinmuial support h1l ~orlli ~£a:lf1r ®rga:niza:fion (~~®) mth Jffooh & J\Bricultur£ ®rgmtl1;a:tion (JffJ\®) in f1r£ pr£para:finn a:nh 0£&el opm£ni of ~a:tional J!a:n of J\cfion fur ~utrilion ~J®J\~) Jllocunt£nl J\pprumfion a:nh tlya:nks nr£ £Xmtbw tu all f1roS£ fnly.o pa:rfuipa:iw in tly£ pr£pnra:tion nf prnjttt prnposa:L ·•., • Fashir • State c2.pitals ·. ,, State boundaries states of Sudan Northern State Dongola . Buheirat '··~ ........ . --·• ... ;; . · .. I I I I I I I / I ! Nahr Al·Niet) I I I I I I I I I Upper Nile Jonglei · Rumbek- · ·.. .-.. ', I• ; ••• • ..-.••• ••• - ••'-• ••••••,1•• ••--.. ••••• ·· .. -- - ..... .... ·· Western Equatoria i ; Juba .... > ' Eastern Equatoria e Kapoet.a Bahr AI.Jabal .. ---- Red Sea TOPIC EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION SECTION I : TABLE OF CONTENTS ANALYSIS OF THE FOOD AND NUTRITION SITUATION IN SUDAN. SECTION II : BACKGROUND,STRATEGIES,ACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED TO TAKLE THE NINE THEMES IDENTIFIED BY THE ICN. -THEME(l)INCORPORATING NUTRITIONAL OB.JECTIVES,CONSIDERATIONS AND COMPONENTS INTO DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ANDPRCXiRAMMES. ( i) 1 3 7 7 -THEME(2)IMPROVING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: 10 -THEME(3)PROTECTING CONSUMERS THROUGH IMPROVED 14 FOOD QUALITY & SAFETY. -THEME(4) PREVENTING AND MANAGING INFECTIOUS 16 DISEASES. -THEME(S)PROHOTING BREAST FEEDING 18 -THEME(6)CARING FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMICALLY 20 DEPRIVED AND NUTRITIONALLY VULNERABLE -THEME(7)PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING SPECIFIC 22 MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES -THEME(8)PROMOTING APPROPRIATE DIETS AND HEALTHY 24 LIFE-STYLES -THEME(9)ASSESSING,ANALYSING AND MONITORING 26 NUTRITION SITUATION. .· SECTION III : - PROJECT PROPOSALS 28 1.ESTBLISHMENT OF a FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 28 POLICY UNIT IN THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 2.PROMOTION OF FOOD SECURITY IN DROUGHT PRONE AREAS 31 3.IMPROVING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY THROUGH 36 PROMOTION OF PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES 4.PROMOTION OF FOOD SECURITY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL 39 5.REHIBILITATION OF THE CENTRAL FOOD LABS.AND ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL AND STATE'S LABS 42 6.STUDY OF THE QUALITY OF PLASTIC PACKAGING 46 MATERIALS USED IN FOODS PACKING & PACKAGING 7.FORTIFIED CEREAL BASED DIETS 49 8.SURVEY OF ANAEMIA & INFESTATION RATE AMONG 53 SCHOOL CHILDREN AND PREGNANT HOTHHERS IN AL DURUSHAB AREA 9.DETERMINATION OF SPACING PATTERN OF DRINKING 58 WATER WELLS AND PIT LATRINES IN BAHR ELGAZAL AND UPPER NILE OF SOUTH SUDAN 10.PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING USING KNOWLEDGE, 60 ATTITUDE & PRACTICES (KAP}APPROACH 11.ESTABLISHMENT & STRENGTHENING OF SCHOOL GARDENING 65 AND NUTRITION DEPARTMENTS IN THE STATES. 12.REBABILITATION OF THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR FOOD. 71 NUTRITION & HEALTH EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 13.REDUCING WORK LOAD OF RURAL WOMEN 75 A}RAPID RURAL APPRIZAL(RRA}EXPLORING INCENTIVES 75 FOR IMPROVING•JUBRA.KA•MANAGEMENT IN SUDAN B}PREPARATION OF CHARCOAL FROM CROP RESIDUALS 80 14.RESEARCB PROJECT ON PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN A AND 84 IRON FOODS AND PROMOTION OF THEIR CONSUMPTION 15.ESTABLISHMENT OF PROPER CATERING CENTRE FOR 88 DIETETIC SERVICES IN KHARTOUM TEACHING HOSPITAL 16.IMPROVEMENT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION 91 SYSTEM (F.N.I.S.) IN SUDAN 17.NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY 99 18.COMMUNITY IRRIGATED FARMS IN SOUTH SUDAN 104 • .b.XJ:i.;CUTl VE SUMMARY This National Plan of Action for Nutrition in the Sudan (NPOAN­ Sudan) is prepared by the inter-sectoral committee which prepared the Sudan Nutrition Country Paper for the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) organized by FAO/WHO and held in FAO Rome,December,1992. It was prepared in response to one of the recommendations of the ICN in order to ensure the implementation of those recommendations at the national level in each country. The NPOAN - Sudan is comprized of an introduction and three sections which may be summarized as follows: The Introduction refered to the big size of the country and the diversity in its ecological zones and agricultural environments that resulted in the wide range of food crops and livestock produced under different agricultural systems.It also refered to the diversity in the population which resulted in the existance of varied food consumption patterns and dietary practices. Consequently it is concluded that plans and programmes to deal with food and nutrition should be designed to suit the different regions of the country. The recent adoption of a Federal System of Administration whereby the country is divided into 26 States administred by the State Governments and a Central Government with restricted functions will no doubt assist in the implementation of the NPOAN at State and local levels. The introduction also described the consequencies of the occassional incidence of droughts and floods coupled with the continuous desert creep from North to South and the occurance of food shortages and the immigration that resulted in the creation of displaced communities and refugees particularly in the Western and Southern States and part of the Eastern States. The prevalence micronutrient deficiencies is increasing and hence their prevention and control measures are getting and equal priority to those directed for FEM.More coordination and integration is achieved among the National and International agencies involved in those efforts. The Introduction concluded by stressing that the Government of .• Sudan participated in the ICN and is committed to put its recommendations into effect through this NPOAN - Sudan. Section I dealt with a concise analr~is of the food and nutrition situation in the Sudan.It emphasized the role of agriculture in the economy of the country and livelihood of more than 80% of the ( i) populnt ion and ccneequ~'1tly rEpres~.ul:s lhe greatest opportunity for socio-economic development and thus offers the greatest potential for achieving sustained improvements in the nutritional status of the population. The new agricultural and food policies and plans with the objective of realizing national and household food security were outlined the constraints facing the economy particularly those due to shortage of foreign exchange and the incidence of natural disasters such as droughts,desertification and floods and man - made ones such the civil war in the South whch resulted in displaced populations and refugees were described. The major malnutrition problems (PEM,Micronutrient deficiencies) and the interventions needed to prevent and control them were outlined. This section then referred to the National Comprehensive Strategy (NCS,1993 - 2002) as an attempt to deal with the existing problems and to achieve national socio-economic development. Section II described the actions needed to implement the nine themes , identified by the ICN and the institutions involved in their implementation under each theme the relevant background information, strategies that need to be followed and the suggested actions and institutions involved (including Government Ministries, National and International NGOs and the UN Agencies) are described.The nine themes are: 1) Incorporating nutritional objectives,considerations and components into develpment policies and programmes. 2} Improving household food security (. 3} Protecting consumers through improved food quality and saftey. 4) Preventing and managing infectious diseases. 5) Promoting Breast Feeding 6) Caring for the socio-economically deprived and nutritionally vulnerable. 7) Preventing and controlling specific micronutrient deficiencies 8) Promoting appropriate diets and healthy lifestyles. 9) Assessing and monitoring nutrition situations. (ii) SECTION III included the project proposals that has been suggested by various government departments,research institutations with the objective of strengthening existing efforts in improving the food and nutrition situation in the country and promotion of those activities to reach a wider section of the population. « The implementation of those projects require local and foreign funding.It is hoped the co-sponsers of the ICN (FAO/WHO) will offer their assistance to implement them. The following project proposals were recieved by the National Inter-sectoral committee and were recieved and included in this documents. 1. Establishment of a Food Security and Nutrition policy Unit in the Ministry of Agriculture,National Resources and Animal Wealth. 2. Strengthening household food security in drought - prone areas. 3. Formation of fortified creal-based diets 4. Improvement of FOOd and Nutrition Information System in the Sudan 5. Rehabilitation of the Central Food Laboratories and establishment of Regional and State labs. 6. Study of the quality of plastic packaging materials used in Food Packing & Packaging. 7. Establishment and strengthening of School Gardening and Nutrition Education Departments in the States. f 8. Establishment of a National Centre for Food,Nutrition and Health Education Training and Research. 9. Reducing the Workload of Rural Women. a) Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) Exploring incentives for improving "Jubrakas management in the Sudan". b) Preparation of charcoal from crop residues. 10.Promotion of Breast Feeding using the Knowledge,Attitude and Practices (KAP) approach. 11.Survey of aneamia and infestation rates among school children and pregnant mothers. 12.Establishment of a catering centre for Dietetic services in Khartoum Teaching Hospital 13.Conduction of a National Nutrition survey with especial emphasis on children under five and their mothers. (iii) 14.Improving household food security in drought - prone areas. 15.Improving food security in the Southern States through rehabilitation of the Agricultural Sector. 16.Community Irrigated Farms in South Sudan 17.Determination of Spacing Pattern of Drinking Water Wells and Pit Latrines in Bahr ElGazal and Upper Nile Sectors of South Sudan. <1 .• INTRODUCTION: Sudan is the largest country in Africa with a total area of 2.5 million square kilometers.It is characterized by diverse ecological zones:ranging from desert in the North to the tropical rain forests in the extreme South.Between these two extremes there are semi-arid and savannah zones supporting natural pasture for livestock, rain-fed farming and some of the largest irrigation schemes in the world (Gezira and Rahad}fed by the Nile and its tributaries. A similar diversity exists in the nature of the population resulting in various socio-cultural features which affects the dietary patterns in the country.These diversities resulted in the existance of different food consumption patterns and the incidence of varying food and nutrition problems which require regional and local approaches to deal with them.Thus a nationl plan of action to address food and nutrition concerns should take into consideration the necessity to develop policies and strategies at regional and local levels. Recently the Sudan Government adopted a Federal System of administration whereby the country was divided into 26 states and a restricted Central authority.The objective of this administrative structure is to delegate more authority to states to enable them to deal with their local problems and plan and implement their development plans. Thereforethe national plan of action for Sudan will have to be modified from time to time to take into account changes that occur at the State and local levels. Since the preparation of Sudan position paper in 1991,various changes took place.The political commitment of the government to the declarations and plan of action of the three unique events in the history of Nutrition ( The World Summit of Children Sept.1990,the International Conference on"Ending Bidden Bunger" October,1991 and the International Conference on Nutrition December,1992),have accelarated the implementation of nutrition programmes in the country. The after effects of the food gap which was then going on were greatly reduced in the mostly hit States of Darfur,Kordofan, Eastern and parts of the Central state. The intervention measures in implementation(Nutri tion monitoring surveys, and establishment of Nutrition centres,Vit.A capsules distribution,iodinated oil administration,nutrition education, community oriented surveillance programme,adhoc distribution of iron and folate at MCH centres etc.have led to some improvement in nutrition deficiency disorders,but not among all groups of the population such as the displaced communities. - But unfortunately these favourable situations did not because of the on going civil war in the South reccurrence of the food gap especially in the Western l continue and the and Southern States which once again entered the country into the chronic problem of displacement.So The nutrition status in the country is once again showing great fluctuations. The country is therefore reprogramming and reprioritizing its activities. Micronutrient deficiencies are now resurfacing to have an equal priority with PEH in the government policy. The problem of collaboration and integration is dissolving to a certain degree by the establishment of a high technical committee for IDD,the committee for the prevention of blindness,National committee for ICN, Follow-up and National Counci 1 for Cereals etc. the advanced stage in establishing a National Food and Nutrition Council and the very close collaboration with all international agencies and NGOs. The Government of Sudan participated in the ICN and is committed to putting its recommendations into effect through the fol lowing National Plan of Action on Nutrition.A large part of the ICN recommendations falls within the National Comprehensive Strategy (NCS) 1992 - 2002,which aimed at overall development of the country.(economic,social,cultural and spritual aspects). 2 . · SECTION I ANALYSIS OF THE FOOD AND NUTRITION SITUATION IN THE SUDAN: Agriculture constitutes the major source of income and livelihood for more than 80% of the population in the country. It represents the greatest opportunity for socio-economic development and consequently offers the greatest polential for achieving sustained improvements in nutritional status of the pcpulation. The Government of Sudan adopted a ten-year National Comprehensive Strategy(1992 - 2002).In this Strategy,agriculture is considered the dominant and leading sector recieving the highest share of the total resources to be allocated. Among the top most important objectives of this strategy with respect to the agricultural sector are the following: a.Realization of food security at the national and household levels b. Transformation of the unstable food production base to a stable one through increasing irrigated area and relying on the irrigated sector to produce most of the food requirements. c.Responding to the challenges posed by climatic changes and macroeconomic reforms. Specific macroeconomic policies were adopted as part of the economic adjustment programmes,and which affect food and nutrition.These policies may be summarized as follows: a.Removal of subsidies from the prices of sugar and petroluim products and substantial reduction of the subsidy on bread with the ultimate objective of removing it. b.Reduction of taxes on agricultural commodities. c.Increasing the credit allocated to the agricultural sector to 50% of the credit ceiling made available by the Central Bank to all sectors.Prior to 1990,agriculture used to get only 3% of the total credit ceiling. d.Liberalization of prices of agricultural commodities and allowing market forces to determine prices.An exception to this is the fixing of a minimum procurement price in the case of certain important commodities such as wheat,at which the government is commited to purchase any quantity produced . e.Elimination of restrictions on exports and imports. To mitigate the impact of the price liberalization Policies on vulnerable groups the following measures were taken: a.Establishment of a "Solidarity Fund" which supports about 500,000 poor families. b.Zakat fund which supports 200,000 families. The Solidarity and Zakat funds provide cash income as well as help needy families to establish income generating activities. 3 The beneficiaries of these programmes represent about 15 - 20% of the population. c.The government increased salaries of its employees by 700% for the lower brackets and 200% for higher brackets following the introduction of the economic reform measures in 1992.The private sector followed suit.A High Council for Wages representing the public sector,the private sector and the Labour Union is formed with the mandate to review salaries and wages every six months. d.A ration cared for sugar is introduced and a specified quantity is distributed at a subsidized price.The quantity distributed depend on the size of the family.Bread is subsidized partially. e.Cooperatives provide their members certain basic food commodities at ex-factory prices with reduced or no taxes. ': The government adopted the following food policies with objectives of improving the food and nutrition situation: I. a.Increasing food production to secure enough food throughout the year through: i) Emphasis on increasing yield per unit area of food crops in all types of farming systems,especially in the traditional rainfed sector,which is characterized by very low yields at present.Expansion of the cultivated area will also be considered. ii) Introduction of new food crops such as maize in the irrigated schemes and sunflower in the rainfed mechanized sector and the provision of the necessary incentives for farmers to grow them. iii) Encouraging the use of composite flour by substituing sorghum (usually available in abundance)for wheat inorder to reduce the amounts of wheat consumption. iv) Changing the rotation in the irrigated schemes with the view to increase the area under food crops (i. e sorghum and wheat) at the expense of cash crops.The objective is to produce about 70% of the staple food under irrigation which is less risky (compared to rainfed agriculture) instead of 30% at present. v) Discouraging consumption of wheat in the rural areas and encouraging the consumption of locally available cereals such as sorghum and millet as well casava in the South. vi) Expansion of wheat in the Ni le and Northern states where the climatic conditions are more favourable for its production. vii) Directing agricultural research and extension services towards increasing and improving the production of food crops. viii)Encouraging local and foreign investors to invest in food production (both crops and livestock) ix)Reduction of post harvest losses through better storage, processing,handling and transportation of food commodities. 4 f b.Promotion of houshold food security through: i)Encouraging a high degree of selfsufficiency in food needs at the household level in the rural areas through the provision of agricultural inputs such as improved seeds,fertilizer,crop protection services and the provision credit facilities. ii)Introduction of food crops of high nutritional value in the household backyard gardens •gu.brakas•. iii)Facilitating the rearing of small animals by rural households in their backyards to provide milk,meat and eggs. iv)Training women in simple methods of food processing and preservation. However,the main causes of food and nutrition problems facing the country may be summarised as follows: i) Economically the country depends on afew cash crops (e.g cotton,sesame,groundnuts,gum arabic) and limited exports of livestock to neighbouring countriesas its major source of foreign exchange. The low levels of productivity of these commodities coupled with their fluctuating prices in the international markets makes the amount of foreign exchange available to the country most uncertain.This situation is made worse by the occasional incidence of periods of drought and floods which disrupt agricultural production in many parts of the country. ii) Politically the Sudan is suffering from the continuing civil war in the South,the cost of whch is enormous in both human and economic terms .One of its main consequencies is the creation of a large number of displaced communities which need to be looked after and thus turn from food producers to food consumers. Malnutrition is a major pubic health problem in Sudan contributing significantly to the high rates of morbidity and mortality in infants,children and their mothers.The problem is made worse by the high prevalence of infectious diseases, poverty, improper intra-household food distribution and limited knowledge about proper nutrition practices as well as inadequate health care delivery systems. The two major nutrition problems which require immediate attention are: a) Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) among children under five years of age. b) Microngtrient deficiencies particularly those related.....to vitamin A,iodine and iron deficiency anaemia. In addition some of the diet related non-communicable diseases are emerging among the urban population. 5 In order to deal with all these problems the Government of Sudan has recently adopted socio-economic policies and plans to be implemented in the next ten years as stated in the National Comprehensive Strategy(NCS,1992-2002).This plan of action on nutrition in the Sudan is designed to be implemented as part of the NCS. More information on the food and nutrition situation is given as background to the nine themes in the next section. 6 SECTION II BACKGROUND,STRATEGIES,ACTIONS,AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED TO ADDRESS THE NINE THEMES IDENTIFIED BY ICN. THEME (1) : INCORPORATING NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVES,CONSIDERATIONS COMPONENTS INTO DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES. -l A. BACKGROUND : AND Agriculture is the major source of income and livelihood for more than 80% of the population in the Sudan.It represents the greatest opportunity for socio-economic development and consequently offers the greatest potential for achieving sustained improvements in the nutritional status of the population particularly the rural poor.It is therefore necessary to incorporate food consumption and nutritional objectives in policies and projects which support and shape the country's agricultural and socio-economic development plans. Nutritional objectives need to be deliberately built into all area development projects and programmes at the planning stage and throughout the planning cycle in order to ensure that appropriate resources to improve food consumption and nutritional status are channeled to the most malnourished and those most at risk. Experience to date indicates that the above mentioned approach in most cases has not been followed.It is often assumed that improvements in nutrition and health of the population will be automatically realized as an outcome of economic development. Sectoral development plans in agriculture.health and social welfare etc. are executed and evaluated in isolation of each other.Unfortunately most donors and international agencies advocate coordination but fail to fully embody the idea. It therefore becomes necessary to emphasize the importance of this theme to all those concerned with development planning to adopt the suggested integrated approach in future planning policies, projects and programmes at the Central and State levels. B.STRATEGIES: * Incorporation of clear-cut nutritional goals and components in National and State development plans.projects and programmes. 7 * Analysis of tlle effects of P.lacro-econQIQic level Policies and development plans,projects and programmes to determine to what extent econowic development is reflected in the nutritional well-being of the targeted group of the PoP'Ulation * Strengthening the tecimical capabilitie~ of each of the relevant ministries and agencies to identify food and nutrition probleas and improve the monitoring and evaluation of development projects and programmes that affect nutrition. * Promotion of inter-sectoral cooperation and coordination to keep nutritional status of the PoP'Ulation under continuous review and to facilitate the develPIQent of national food and nutrition Policies and programmes. 4· * Development and use of relavent indicators to aoni tor and evaluate the impact of socio-economic projects and programmes on the improve.ent of nutritional status of the p0pulation. . . * Incorporation of food and nutrition education informal and non-formal education systems in order to raise the level of awareness in these aspects for both planners,and recipients . 8 C.ACTIONS NEEDED AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED: ACTIONS * Incorporation of clear goals and components in Natonal and State development plans * Incorporation of nutritional considerations in all stages of the project preparation cycle. * Institutional support to strengthen technical capabilities of the relevant Ministries and agencies in Food & Nutrition. * Promotion of inter-sectoral cooperation and coordination * Incorporation of food and nutrition education in formal and non-formal education * Promotion of the integrated approach by Donors,Internat. Agencies and NGOs. 9 I INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED Central Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning,State and Sectoral Planning Units. Project preparation Units at national, state and sectoral levels.Financial & Technical assistance offered by donors and international agencies Government of Sudan International Agencies Government of Sudan through speeding up of the formation of the National Food and Nutrition council. Ministry of Education (Central and State Ministries)through SGNED.Ministry of Health through Nationa Nutrition Dept.,PHC, and Health Education, Ministry of Agricu. through Extension services,Ministry of Culture and Inform. Donors,International Agencies,NGOS. ! THEME (2) IMPROVING HOUSEHOLDS FOOD SECURITY. A.BACKGROUND: Food security in the Sudan is a problem of accessibility and entitlement rather than availability.It is a consumption problem characterized by pockets of food shortage and specific forms of malnutrition.The situation is most critical in certain states mainly North Darfur,North Kordofan,the Red Sea state,and the Southern States affected by the civil war. The food insecure groups include displaced communities,refugees,and the rural urban poor and the female beaded household. \ 1 Within the framework of the National Comprehensive Strategy {NCS,1992 - 2002),the Government has on - going policies and plans to improve food security at both national and household levels which may be summarized as follows:- 1. Adoption of a free market mechanism 2. Adoption of a flexible exchange rate 3. Minimizing the budget deficit. 4. Replacing the general subsidy system by a targeted subsidy. 5. Raising the mininu.m wage with a mechanism of reviewing it every six months. 6. Formation of the Solidarity Fund and reactiviting and improving the collection and distribution channels of Zakat f, as a safety net for poor households. 7. Stimulation of agricultural productivity and animal production through strengthening the provision of agricultural inputs and services especially to the traditional small holders. 8. Application of the Federal System of Government as a means of decentralization aimed at equitable distribution of resources. However several constraints are facing these policies and p~ans which may be summarized as follows: 1. Social constraints limiting the accessibility of women food producers to modern and agricultural technologies and the overall weak access of traditional rain-fed sector to agricultural inputs. 2. Fluctuation of food production in the rain-fed sector due to unpredictable rainfall and occasional pest and disease infestation etc. 3. The expanding weak asset base and prevalence of poverty. 10 4. Weak agricultural research and extension services directed towards rain-fed agriculture. 5 Weak infrastructure particularly,transport and communication networks. 6. Nutrition improvement is not in most cases specified as a direct goal in rural development projects and programmes. B. STRATEGIES * Adoption of development plans (at Central,State and Sectoral levels) to promote economic growth with particular focus on the alleviation of poverty and improvement of food accessibility and entitlement . * Improving household food security should be stated as an objective in al 1 Government Sectors i. e agricultural, health and socio-economic policies and plans as well as other development sectors such as the private sector National and International NGOs and the international agencies involved. * Provision of agricultural inputs and credit facilitate to small farmers to enable them to improve their productivity of food crops and animal production. * Promotion of income-generation activities to improve opportunities for employment and income of rural and urban poor families. * Improving Food Security in the drought prone and area of civil conflict through rehabilatation of the agricultural sector and provision of social services (Health,Education & Social Welfare etc.) * Rehabilitation of the agricultural sector in the war affected areas in order to ensure household food security. 11 C. ACTIONS AND THE INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED. ACTION *Adoption and implementation of socio-economic develpment plans to create conditions for economic growth and alleviation of poverty *Minimising food losses at all stages of the food chain *Establishment of post-harvest management administration. *Timely prov1s1on of food in different locations & EWS in emergency situations & strategic reserves of staple cereals *Promotion of Home & School gardens wherever possible (Jubrakas). *Improving of labour market by establishing an inform­ ation centre to provide information about potential job and wage levels and labour supply. *Continuation of cash food for work programmes to provide off-farm income opportunities and strengthen asset base of households *Promotion of the production & consumption of fruits and vegetables 12 INSTITTUTIONS INVOLVED Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning (Central & State and Sectoral Planning Units) Ministry of Agriculture (Central & State) Ministry of Industry & and Trade.Specialized Banks,the Private Sector and International agencies & NGOs involved Agricultural Res.Corporat. (Food Research Centre), Universities (Faculty of Agric. & Science),Agric. Extension Service (Central & State)MOA,FAO. RRc,MOA,MOT,Strategic Storage of Staple cereals through MOF,ABS & UN agencies,WFP & NGOs MOE (SGNED),MOA (Exten­ sion service) and NGOs. FAO. Ministry of Labour Project management Units and income-generation in relevant Ministries, WFP and NGOs Federal & State Ministries of Agriculture(Horticulture Administration & Agric. Extension services)SGNED's in the States ACTIONS *Improving food security in drought prone and areas of civil conflict *Improving agrnomic practices of local food crops in the war affected areas(eg.root crops such as cassava and sweet potatoes)maize,pulses and introduction of palm oil trees. -Improving fish production & preservation methods -Strengthening of agric. research & extension service in the Southern States. -Provision of credit faciliti agric.inputs etc through the specilized banks. 13 INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED Federal & State Ministries of Agriculture,Finance & Economic Planning,Health, Education,National and International,NGO's,UN­ Agencies(FAO,UNDP), National Council for Cereal Federal & State Ministry of Agricultural(Agric.Research crop & Agric.Extension Administration)Opening of branches for Agric.Bank, Farmers Bank & Industrial Bank etc.International agencies particularly FAO, WFP,UNHCR & National and International NGOs. THEME( 3): PROTECTING CONSUMERS THROUGH IMPROVED FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY: A.BACKGROUND; Food safety and control provides protection for the consumer from fraud aduleration, deteriorated foods,inferior quality and contamination.This can be achieved through well established food control infrastructure e.g. proper inspection system and compliance with food laws including laboratory analysis to check the standards and enforcement food laws and regulations. The system should cover the whole country for the locally produced foods and food export as well as the imported foods,to ensure safe handling starting with the raw and/or primary materials and food additives through packing, transportation, storage up to distribution and consumption including its related effects according to Codex Alalimentarus standards. In Sudan there is food legislation,including: - food control act,regulations ana local and international food standards(food hygiene,additives and contiminants). - Licensing of food establishment including street venders. - Regulations regarding the registration of pre-packed foods, (ingredients,packaging materials and labelling). Regarding food quality control and management of food laboratory, development of infrastructure (labs. and inspection) is considered together with the involvement of the food industry. f B.STRATEGIES : 1.To know the nutritive value of locally produced foods 2.To reduce health hazards resulting from canned foods and plastics packing. 3.Control of IDD 4. Formulation of weaning foods from locally available food stuff. 5.Promoting consumers & producers awareness and involvement. 6.Provision of clean water for domestic use. 7.To strengthen food quality control. 14 C.ACTIONS AND INSTITl.ITIONS INVOLVED ACTION INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED *.Development & completion of Ministry of Health volume II of food composition (National Health Lab.) tables *.Study of toxic trace metals in Ministry of Health canned foods and other toxic (National Health lab.) constituents (white cheese,tom- atoe paste,fish & salted fish, vegetables & fruits including jams and drinks *.To study the quality of plastic MOH (National Health packaging materials used in lab). contact with foods. *.To study the stability of iodine MOH,Salt Producing in the iodized salt. Companies. *.Education and training MOH,MOA,MOE,MQ.I MOINFORM,MOSP. *.Analysis of weaning recipees "--' MOH,Food Research Cent,-.. , *.Rehabilitation of existing food MOH,SUD GOV.& Doners quality control laboratories, (National & States)& establishmen of new labs.especially at entry points(airports). 15 THEME (4) PREVENTING AND MANAGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES A.BACKGROUND : Information related to incidence and prevalence of infectious and endemic diseases is lacking and only for those diseases for which there are specific programmes or projects.Some surveys to highlight their prevalence and incidence are done or on their way to be determine e.g.TB,Aids,Brucellosis --etc. And for some innnuniable diseases e.g. measles, diarrhoeal diseases of children(under 5 yrs) and to some extent malaria and bilharsia some studies and mostly (Academic) have printed out their negative impact on some target groups,except for these,no other large scale study or survey was conducted. This is primarily due to the deficient information system where the data is either incomplete,untimely or misused due to the lack of trained personnel to generate the data and cater for its properness and usefulness both at the level of collection, compilation,analysis or use. Among the diseases with known negative impact on health and nutrition,yet undermined ,are the intestinal worms that prevail almost in every community with poor sanitation urban being or rural;specially with the suburbs of cities like Khartoum,affecting the particular women and children especially underfive and school children. B.STRATEGIES: To establish a reliable and sustainable system for Emergency preparedness and Response (EP~,especially regarding outbreak of epidemics e.g. diarrhoea, measles,T.B,ARI. 16 C.ACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED: - ACTION INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED * Training of health cadres Ministry of Health at different level,in the (Aids,EPR,CDD,ARI, area of prevention and Malaria Control Dept. control of infectious EPI) diseases. * Review & development of Ministry of Health education materials & I (Health Education) audio visual aids ~ ' . : * Increase ORS(Oral Ministry of Health Rehydration Salt) CDD (Federal & State) availability accessibility and use * To reduce ARI prevalence Ministry of Health through availability of ARI(Federal & State) drugs and supplies * To replicate DTUs & ORT Ministry of Health coners (CDD & other Health facilities) * To raise the awarness Ministry of Health of the public particularly (PHC,especially HE, mothers through session, Information)at talk,mass media and Federal & State demonstration * To determine the rate Ministry of Health of infestation among (Epidemilogy Dept.& school children to Nut.Dept) highlight the regular impact of poor sanitation and misbeliefs that lead to poor nutritonal status 17 THEME (5) PROMOTING BREAST FEEDING: A.BACKGROUND:- Breast feeding is the best food for the infants and children and has no substitute. During the first four months,breastmilk provides all necessary nutrients without need to give other foods or liquids including water.This can be achieved provided that the mother is well- •, nourished,consuming enough food and breastfeed the child ,J continuously on demond. I: Breast feeding protects infants and young children from child­ hood infectuous diseases.Breast feeding should continue till the age of two years and complementary foods should be introduced t the age of four months ( from the locally available and affordable foodstuffs). To raise the awareness of women and support them to breastfeed is mainly done through health and nutrition education at all levels specially through MCH clinics. In the early 1980's a research was conducted about the duration of breast feeding in Sudan.It was found to be 13.4 months. A National committee for the promotion of breast feeding was established in 1992. A working group from the different concerned bodies (Paediatricians, Obestitricians,nutritionists and nurses),was formulated for planning the establishment of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in maternity hospitals. B.STRATGIES:- I.Strengthening the existing efforts to promote and support breast feeding through raising the public awareness particularly mothers. 2.Promoting sound weaning practices 18 C.ACTIONS AND INSTITU'I'IONS INVOLVED: ACTION INSTITU'I'IONS INVOLVED * . To replicate the establishment MOH,Medical Schools & of BFHI Private Hospitals. *. Establishment of baby & mothers MOH,NOGs,MOE,MOSP friendly services at community & community. level. * . Modification of the law regarding MOH,MOL,*,WOmen maternity leave. ·. / societies. *.Adoption of the internalional MOH,MOINFORM,MOSP, code of marketing of breast ' MOE,Private Hospital milk substitutes - *.Campign to advocate the importance MOH,MOSP,MOE,MOA, of formulating a law for a four MOINFOR,Women months maternity leave , Trade Union & Assoc. *.KAP survey MOH,Medical institutions,MOE. * Weaning food mixes & recipes Nat.& State Nut.& other bodies - 19 THEME (6) CARING FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMICALLY DEPRIVED AND NUTRITIONALLY VULNERABLE: A. BACKGROUND Caring refers to the provision in the household and the community of time,attention,support and skills to meet the physical,mental and social needs of the socio-economically deprived and nutritionally vulnerable groups.These groups include infants and growing children,women,the elderly,the disabled,the displaced,refugees,orphans and the unemployed. The Government should provide a supportive environment for family and community-based care as well as direct services when additional care is needed. Care within the family includes support during and after pregnancy,breast-feeding,reducing child stress,provision of shelter,clothing,feeding,prevention and treatment of illness and showing affection and respect. Care facilities outsides the family includes preventive and curative health services,social care and development,and basic education. In the Sudan social care services have been going on for a long time.Recently a Ministry of Social Planning has been established to take care of most of those requirements. The Ministries of Health,Education and Culture & Information are also involved .Other institutions involved include several national and international NGOs and charity organizations. B.STRATEGIES: a) Ensuring that all infants and young children particularly those in difficult circumstances have access to adequate well­ balanced and safe diets, health care, basic education and social services. b) Enhancing legal and social status of women in view of their pivotal role in household and the community and decrease their workload to spare more time for child and family care. c) Providing nutrition,health and education support services to adolescent boys and girls to prepare them to fulfil! their future roles as productive adults and parents d) Strengthening of existing efforts to promote caring facilities for disabled individuals. 20 •• , , e) Strengthening of existing efforts to enhance food and nutrition programmes directed to urban poor and street children. f) Strengthening efforts to targetted assistance of the displaced and refugees. C. ACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED: ACTION INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED * Expansion of Social care Ministry of Social services and special homes Planning,National & for disabled individuals International NGOs and and orphans,the elderly charity organizations, and displaced * Expansion of imcome Ministry of gricultural, generating projects Ministry of Education to improve the purchasing (SGNED),Ministry of power of urban & rural Social Planning,NGOs poor families * Expansion of school feeding Ministry of Education programmes particularly (Federal & State) in poor and remote areas ·-1 NGOs & International agencies(WFP). MOH related sectors 21 THEME (7) PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING SPECIFIC MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES:- A.BACKGROUND:- The three major micronutrients (vitamin A,iodine and iron),will be ta.ken as on package as far as it is feasible passing through the full spectrum of planning,implementation,supervision, monitoring and evaluation with special emphasis on intervention measures,training and laboratory monitoring. Since the quarterly nutrition monitoring surveys is still in action and will continue either in a systematic way or in the form of adhoc surveys as needed,the new plan is to incorporate some easy means with quarterly surveys to monitor the three micronutrients as well.One of the main objectives behind this is the unification and the proper channelling of the reporting system of all nutrition activities. The second main objective is that all major nutrition activities will be undertaken by a well trained and well supervised cadres. First line of defence personnel at the village level will be skilled in detecting very simple signs and symptoms like night blindness,paleness,pitting up oedema and thyroid swelling. The existing programmes for the elemination of the micronutrient deficiencies include: Iodine supplementation in endemic areas (iodinated oil tabs & injections). - Fortification of sugar with iodine (at an experimental level), and filteration of iodine in wells in Bara district North Kordofan - Salt iodization policy is undertaken by the government. - Supplementation of Vitamin A capsules in most affected areas. - Detection of signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies. - Intensive education programmes for the enhancement of the consumption of the locally available and appropriate rich sources of Vit.A,iodine and iron. B.STRATGIES;- l.To prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies through: Identification of etiology,geographical distribution, underlining causes,severity and magnitude of the problem, together with the development of different intervention measures. 22 C.ACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED ACTION INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED *Micronutrient prevalence Ministry of Health surveys (Central & State), Universities (Fae. Medicine),MOE,NGOs *Supplementation: MOH/PHC/NUT.(Central - Vit A capsules & State) & NGOs - Iodized oil tabs - Folic acid & iron Tabs *Production of iodized salt MOH, NUT. ( Central & State) Nat.H.Lab. Salt producing companies. *Expand and establish of MOH,MOA,MOE,NGOs nutrition centres *Training and extension at MOH/PHC/NUT.(National village level & State). *Development and printing MOH (National Nut.) of educational materials 23 . . THEME (8) PROMOTING APPROPRIATE DIETS AND HEALTHY LIFE-STYLES: A.BACKGROUND : Promoting adequate diets and life-styles is largely a matter of information and education .Since the most urgent problems in the Sudan are those associated with undernutrition,this theme is not recieving high priority at present. The current strategies therefore,aim at promotion adequate and balanced and safe diets,specially in areas where people depend on the staple cereal alone.Problems related to overnutrition leading to obesity and chronic diet related non-communicable diseases such as diabetis mellitis,hypertension,and cancers are not at present properly surveyed and recorded.Records on these diseases are kept in hospitals from admitted patients. However,in view of their gradual emergence particularly among urban communities it will be necessary to follow-up their incidence and spread and identification of the population groups most affected should be monitored in order to target specific information messages to raise the level of awareness. B.STRATEGIES: * Identification of the magnitude of the incidence and spread and the age groups most affected by the problem of diet related non-communicable diseases. * Production and dissemination of targeted messages to the population groups most affected by this problem. * Expansion specialized hospitals and clinic services to deal with out and in-patients to deal with both preventive and curative measures . 24 C.ACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED: ACTIONS * Collection and analysis of data on the magnitude of diet related non­ communicable diseases * Formation of information messages to the population groups most affected and the public in general through mass media,agric.extension workers etc. * Strengthening of efforts to promote the consumption of adequate and balanced diets. * Enforcement of laws on the prohibition of alcoholic drinks,smoking and use of narcotics * Expansion of sport facilities for all age groups and encouraging their use. * Improving diet therapy and dietetic units in hospitals & clinics 25 INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED Ministry of Health (National Nutrition Dept. Hospital records) private hospital and clinics Ministry of Health (National Nutrition Nutrition Dept.,Health Education Dept."PHC 8 ), Ministry of Education (SGNED),Ministry of Agriculture(Agriculture Extension services), Ministry of Culture & Information (Central & State levels). Same institution as above Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Culture & Information Ministry of Social Planning,Ministry of Education and Sport Unions. Ministry of Health Private & Public hospitals & clinics. THEME (9) ASSESSING, ANALYSING AND MONITORING NUTRITION SITUATIONS: A.BACKGROUND: During the period 1986 -87 the MOH(National Nutrition Department and Health Statistics Department) conducted a national nutrition survey n SERISS" Sudan Emergency,Recovery Information & Surveillance System,with the financial support of USAID.The survey covered 80,000 children under five in all the six northern regions at that time.The data was collected over a period of a whole year covering the different seasons. SERISS has since then served as the baseline data for future surveys to be compared with. Since 1990 quarterly nutrition monitoring surveys were implemented at the national level in order to bridge the food gap which was then going on in some parts of the country-mainly Kordofan,Darfur,Eastern and parts of Central zones. It proved to be the best reporting system up to now.The format of these surveys was revised to assess the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies using very simple indicators. In 1992 a community - based nutrition surveillance for•early warning purposes" was introduced.Among its objectives is the the timely and appropriate intervention.To meet this objective,the data is analysed at the provincial level.The nutritional status of the mothers is also monitored with their children.This programme is expanded at the health area (health area is the rural council including a number of villages around a rural hospital).This programme is now functioning in Kassala,Sennar and N.Kordofan States and will be expanded to other states. Growth monitoring is a long standing activity in the country. It will continue in close collaboration in MCH centre,hospitals and all other health facilities together with SGNED units down down to the village level. Micronutrient prevalence surveys (IDD,VAD,IDA)are conducted in some parts of the country.Recently questions were added to the quarterly monitoring surveys to cover micronutrient deficiencies as well. B.STRATEGIES * Regular assessment of nutritional status. * To standardize indicators reflecting socio-economic situation in relation to nutritional status. 26 C.ACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED ACTIONS INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED •National Nutrition Survey MOH (Nut.Central & State) MOE ( SGNED) , MOA (Agric. Extension) ,NGOs. •Community -based nutriton MOH (state Nut.Units, surveillance. Health area team,Health committee at village level and NGOs. •Growth monitoring in all MOH/PHC(NUT.& MCH State, health facilities province,district & village units),SGNED & NGOs. •Conducting regular food MOH,(Central & State Nut. consumption surveys units),MOA,MOE,MOSP, Statestical Breau. *Institutional support to Sudan Govs.,Doners,UN strengthen the capabilities agencies & NGOs of data analysis at Central and States level. •Training: - Post-graduate MOH(PHC/Nut.Central & - Basic training State),MOE(SGNED), - In-service training NGOs. •Conducting operational MOH (Nat.Nut.Dept), research in area Research Centre, of nutritional deficiency Universities. * Nutrition Monitoring survey State Nutrition Unit with Twice/year other related sectors. 27 SECTION III."PROJECT PROPOSALS". Title Establishment of A Food Security and Nutrition Pol icy Unit in the Ministry of Agriculture. Sector Agriculture Government Implementing Agency Planning and Agricultural Economics Administration Donor Contribution : Equipment,Expertise,training, USD.150,000. Starting Date and Duration July 1995 (2 years) Location : Headquarters of MANRAW,Khartoum I.Problem Definition Development policies and programmes are designed with little consideration for nutritional objectives,considerations and components.The incorporation of nutritional considerations into the broader policies of economic developments,structural adjustment,food and agricultural production,processing and marketing of food have an impact on nutrition through food availability and prices,incomes,environmental conditions and health status.Development policies and programmes can also have varying impacts on the nutritional well-being of different population groups.The lack of proper attention to nutrition considerations in the Sudan may be attributed to the absence of a unit within the Ministry of Agriculture capable of designing nutrition policies.Hence the need to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture in the area of nutrition policy formulation,monitoring and evaluation.This necessitates the establishment of a Nutrition Unit within the Planning and Agricultural Economics of the Ministry of Agriculture staffed with properly trained and equipped personnel to perform the required duties and responsibilities.The Unit will also take care of the post-harvest phase of food production which is not recieving enough attention at present. II. Specific Issues to be Addressed: Impact of macro policies, development programmes and projects on: - Food availability and prices - Incomes - Special emphasis will be on vulnerable groups. - Food Security issues - Nutritional needs of the population (preparation of a FBS for Sudan) 28 .. III. Current Policy and Relevant Activities: Since 1990,the Government introduced several policies reform measures including the Investment Encouragement Act(l991),the Disposition of Public Enterprices Act(l990),the National Strategic Plan (1991).In 1992 the Council of Ministers passed a decree which included the elimination of subsidies on bread, sugar and petroleum, shifting finance of parastatals to commercial banks and increasing credit to agriculture to 50% of total money available for lending, floating of the currency,abolishing the minimum price for exports,repealing import and export licensing system.A three year programme for the disposition of public enterprices was approved which included 15 agricultural production and marketing parastatals.To mitigate the negative impact of these policies on vulnerable groups salaries and wages in the public and private sectors by 700% for the lower brackets and 200% for the higher brackets. The Government established certain programmes to alleviate poverty including the Solidarity Fund which supports half a million poor families and the Zakat Fund which supports two hundred thousand poor families. IV. Expected End of Project Situation: The training of a core of economists at the Federal Ministry of Agriculture on methods and tehniques of analysis of impacts of policies,programmes and projects on the nutritional status of target groups. This group wi 11 also help in training staff at state and project levels. V. Description of Work to be Carries out: Objectives: - Establishment of a food security and nutrition policy unit in the Ministry of Agriculture,Natural Resources and Animal wealth. OUTPUTS: - Training of trainers on nutrition aspects of policy analysis - Training of staff from states and projects Evaluation reports on impacts of policies and programmes on nutritional status and realization of food security of target groups. Scheduling of Activities: The project will be implemented within a period of 24 months: First year: Establishment of the Unit,recruitment of the staff, recruitment of an expert,start up workshop,training of trainers,procurement of equipment 29 .. Second year:Training of trainees from projects and States,final workshop to discuss coordination with other units. VI. Institutional Arrangements and coordination: The Unit will be established under the Planning and Agricultural Economics Administration in the Ministry of Agriculture.The Unit wi 11 be the focal point for coordinating related activities within the Ministry. It will also be responsible for coordination with the National Committee as well as with the relevant units in the State Ministries of Agriculture etc. VI I. Inputs: - 2 personal computers with printers,accessories and software - 2 typewriters - 1 heavy duty photocopying machines - overhead projector - land cruiser station 4WD - operating expenses - 12 m/m of consultancies - training locally and aboard VIII. Government Priority Commitment and participation: The Government considers this project a high priority.The Government will provide staff,office space,exemption of project imports from custom duties. IX. Prereguistes and Assumptions: Prerequisites: - Ministrial decree establishing the Unit - designation of the required staff - Designation of required office space Assumptions: - The cost of equipment , consultants, training aboard and veehicle will be met by donors - Government of Sudan exempt project imports from import duties . 30 TITLE SECTOR & SUB-SECTORS GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES. OONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION PROMOTION OF FOOD SECURITY IN DROUGHT PRONE AREAS. AGRICULTURAL,LIVESTOCK SOCIAL WELFARE,HEALTH. NGOs,MOA,MSP,MOE,MOH US$ 15,600,000 Ls. 35,100,000 JULY 1995 5 years SODARI PROVINCE/N.KORDOFAN. North Kordofan had been severely hit by drought and desertification within the last decade.The population,who are mainly livestock owners lost their herds and the basic assets to make a living.The degradation of the resources has led to the migration of these rural population to the urban centres in search for new job opportunities, thus creating a new poor segment around the cities. Main immigrants were males, leaving the females with the heavey load of supporting the household.Both the degraded resources and the heavy load of productive and reproductive role laid on the rural women,caught the females in av1c1ous circle of poverty and malnourishment .The local production which is mainly subsistance was too small to support the household, and there was no technical intervention to improve the situation.Lack of physical,institutional and marketing infrastructure aggravated the situation further. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: The project should be considered as a model which would be replicated in other drought prone areas all around Sudan.The model should address the following basic issues :- 1. Provision of basic services which includes education,health and domestic water sources. 2. Food security realisation and poverty alleviation through: a. promotion of agricultural production. b. stimulation of sedentary livestock production as an income generating activity. c. diversifying the production 31 3. Improving the standard of living through: a. improving the dietary consumption b. reducing the work load on females. c. raising the level of income d. improving health,sanitation and mother and child care 4. Natural resources preservation III. CURRENT POLICIES: Within the framework of the National Ten Years Strategy, the government has placed its policy focus on the following: 1. Food security realisation 2. Enhancing economic growth 3. Preserving the inviroment and keeping the ecological balance. RELEVANT ACTIVITIES The government development programmes is stressing the importance of the rural sector.The rural population are targeted with programmes that address their basic beeds and solve the problems of the traditional rainfed sector.The package includes:- !. extending the credit services to the small holders. 2. raising income level 3. improving the life style. 4. Promoting the community participation. The sucess of this approach is illustrated by the !FAD supported projects and Jabel Marra Rural Development project. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: At the end of the project the community is expected to enjoy a better life style of about 10,000 persons through: 1. Provision of basic services 2. Accessability to better means of production 3. Restoring the production capacity at the community level. 4. Reducing out-migration from the rural areas. 5. Restocking of livestock 6. Improvement of dietary consumption and nutrition status. 7. Full utilisation of the seasonal water resources 8. Cultivating about 2000 fd in Wadi Milk area 9. Cultivating 50,000 - 6000 fd.using small scale irrigation and water harvesting techniques - 10. Promotion of the private forsets 11. Preservation of about 60 sq. kilometers of natural pasture. 12. Distribution of about 10,000 goat through the line of credit. 32 --,-· 13. Improving the managerial skills and improve the quality of cottage industries through training. .J.• OBJECTIVES : 1. Alleviation of poverty 2. Preservation of natural resources 3. Improving the standard of living 4. Reducing rural migration 5. Empowerment of rural women ACTIVITIES : 1. Agricultural Programme:- * Extension services * Provision of inputs and appropriate technology. * Applied research * Supplementary irrigation * Credit services 2. Veterinary Programme:- * Restocking of sedentary animals,through a time of credit * Revolving fund for the provision of drugs and feed * Veterinary services. 3. Jubraka Programme:- * Extension services * Provision of improved seeds. * Diversifying the production. 4. Capacity Building:- * Group formation * Training in bookkeeping and managerial issues. C 5. Community Development :- * Provision of basic services through self-help initiation and community participation in management. * Training in income generating activities to improve traditonal skills * Provision of investment opportunities in income generating activities through the banking system and creation of revolving fund. * Social training centres to raise the awareness in child and mother care,health and sanitation,nutrition,home­ economics,breast feeding ,weaning foods,and literacy programmes. * Seanal cash/work or food/work programmes to generate income and rehabilitate the infrastructure. 6. Natural Resources Preservatin * Pasture management * Water harvesting 33 tll, l "· * Private and community forests * Sand fixation * 7. Monitoring and Evaluation:- * Baseline survey * Use of socio-economic indicators with health and nutrition indicators. * Regular sample survey to monitor the performance * Mid-term evaluation * Final evaluation. VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT & COORDINATION: The project would be implemented by a national NGOs, whose technical staff would work with the community's informal groups and committees and the village leaders. Training of trainers would be undertaken in the Social Welfare Training Centres. The School Gardening and Nutrition Education would supplement the training. The extension message, applied research provided in close collaboration with the specialised government institutions. The banking system would provide line of credit for the provision of water pumps inputs ,livestock and funding for other income generating activities. The project would make use of the national campaigns e.g. vaccination,literacy etc. VII. INPUTS It includes building of offices and staff housing with local materials,vehicles and fuel tankers,pumps and water harvesting techniques,veterniary equipment and drugs,the technical staff and short term consultants and the line of credit.It also includes the opprational cost for the project: Building & Construction Vehicles Equipment Personnel Operational cost Miscillanious Sub-Total Contingencies(30%) Grand Total GOVs (000 Ls.) 2,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 27,000 8,100 35,1000 34 DONORS (000 $) 1000 2000 5000 2000 2000 12,000 3,600 15,600 VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY,COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: The Government Commitment to the development of the rural sector and the balanced distribution of resources is clearly illustrated in the application of the Federal system which is expected to spread the government focuss all over the country to ensure the decentralisation of decision making process and planning. Income generating activities are one of the targeted programmes adopted by the government. The government policy is also directed to ensure the accessability of small holders to means of production through the spread of credit institutions in the rural sector. The National Ten Years Strategy is also stressing the importance of provision of primary health and education service and the right of every citizen to have access to these services. IX. PREREQUISITES AND ASSUMPTIONS:- 1. MOA should give due attention to the importance of applied research for rainfed crops.Improving traditional storage & preservation facilities is also essential to reduce the crop losses and overcome seasonal food shortages. 2. Marketing is considered as an essential limiting factor in the expansion of food production,distribution and full utilization of resources. 3. The flow of veterniary drugs and animal feed should be granteed.Also the veterniary supporting services in the field of extension and health need to be available at the project level. 4. Based on Bangaladish Grameen Bank experience,the government should develop an institutional framework capable of providing small scale credit and investment opportunities to poor families. The loaning should be based on the principles of shared responsibilities. 5. Government and donors institutions should apply an integrated approach to address the problems of the rural sector.They should apply a complementary and comprehensive approach in which each would contribute in his area of specialisation. The project management should co-ordinate these efforts. 6. The community should be involved in the early stages of the project preparation to ensure their commitment and that the project meet their needs.Also they should participate in the management of the project activities to ensure its sustainability. 35 TITLE (A) SECTOR & SUB-SECTORS IMPLEMENTING GOVERNMENT AGENCIES DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I.PROBLEM DEFINITION : IMPROVING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY THROUGH PROMOTION OF PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES FEDERAL & STATE MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE STATE'S AGRICULTURE MINISTRIES, RESEARCH CORPORATION AND AGRICULTURE EXTENSION ADMINISTRATION. BUDGET=70% USD $ 60,000,000 TECHNICAL & FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO IMPROVEAGRONOMICPRACTICES,IMPROVING YIELDS & QUALITY LOCAL CROPS(e.g ROOT CROPS PARTICULARLY CASSAVA & SWEET POTATOES),MAIZE,PULSES & OILSEEDS THROUGH PROVISION OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS & SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EXTENSION INSTITUTIONS & PROVISION OF TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES. 30% = Ls.48,000,000 REHABILITATION OF AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTH THROUGH & ASSIGNMENT OF THE TECHNICAL PERSONNEL AND INFRA­ STRUCTURES AT ALL LEVELS. PROVISION OF CREDITFACILITIES,AGRICULTURALINPUTS, STORAGE AND FOOD PROCESSING & PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES.PROVISION OF TECHNICAL PERSONNEL TO ADMINISTRATE AND MANAGE AGRICULTURAL RESERACH & EXTENSION SERVICES. JULY,1995 FOR 5 YEARS. SOUTHERN STATES. The Southern Region of the Sudan has been suffering from the grave consequencies of the civil conflict that has been going on for more than a decade.A large number of the population left the region and formed displaced communities in other parts of the country or as refugees in neighbouring countries.This situation resulted in deterioration in health and nutrition status. Consequently local food production has virtually stopped and people became dependent on intermittant food aid. Since the situation now is gradually coming back to normal it is essential to provide all types of assistance to encourage people to re-settle and start leading their normal lives particularly 36 ,, with regard to agriculture and food production.Hence this project proposal aims at improving local food production and health condition and provision of agricultural research and extension and health services. II.SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Improve agronomic practices of food crops with especial emphsis on rootcrops (e.g.cassava & sweet potatoes), maize, palm oil trees and pulses. Promote methods of fish catching and preservating from rivers and lakes. Agricultural research to improve both yields and quality of local crops and animal production particularly fish and poultry. Expand agricultural extension services in the region to transfer technologies to improve food production,storage and preservation. Provision of agricultural credit and inputs through the specialized banks e.g. Agric.Bank and Farmers Bank and Industrial Bank. Encourage formation of farmers cooperation to serve both food production and consumption. Provision of health services particularly Primary Health Care. III.CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES: The Government plans and policies aim at re-settlement of the returning displaced and refugees to their homes and villages to resume their normal activities particularly in agriculture. Therefore all efforts in this direction are encouraged and supported. IV.EXPECTED END OF THE PROJECT SITUATION: The local communities in the Southern States will be able to produce enough food to meet their nutritional needs and hence ensure food security and improved health. V.INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND COORDINATION: Strengthening the existing institutions related to agriculture {both for food crops production and animal production) coordination between government agencies,International agencies and National and International NGOs to serve common objectives. 37 VI. INPUTS No.COMPONENT DONORS GOVs USD$(000) Ls. ( 00) 1. Constructions 5,000 10,000 2. Vehicles 10,000 - 3. Equipment 18,000 5,000 4. Personel 5,000 4,000 5. Training 5,000 4,000 6. Community Development 7,000 5,000 7. Operational Cost 10,000 12,000 ---------- --------- Total 60,000 40,000 VII.PRE-REQUISTES AND ASSUMPTIONS: The Government should ensure peace and security in the region. The Government is expected to provide the basic requirements such as the establishment of agricultural research and extension units and the technical and financial support for the State Ministries of Agriculture. f Opening of branches for the specialized banks in the region to provide credit and inputs for agric.production, storage, preservation and marketing facilities. 38 In a situaton of partial settlement to the security problem in Southern Sudan, the problems of the displaced in the peace village and around the cities under the government control need to be address through small scale projects which would be implemented by NGO's. In this respect the following project outline is presented to suit this specific situation. TITLE (B) IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION DONOR CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE DURATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: PROMOTION OF FOOD SECURITY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL. NGOs Ls.13 Million USD $ 2.3 Million 1995 4 YEARS 1. Displacement due to the war 2. Dependancy on relief and food aid distribution 3. Low utilization of the available resources and the community potentials. 4. Lack of basic services 5. Poverty and high level of malnutrition and mortality. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: 1. To realise food security at household level. 2. Give the target groups means for survival 3. Raise the level of productivity and promote production 4. Stimulate women activities through training and development of cottage industries. 5. Help the displaced to resettle 6. Reduce the workload on producers with special emphasis on women 7. Support the livestock production 39 .· 8. Reduce the environmental degradation 9. Improve the living conditions in the project area 10.Evaluate the malnutrition status in the area. 11.0rganize,makilise and empower the community to be capable of sustaining the development process and restore the local capabilities. III. OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS: 1. To support the production of stable food crops,agroforestry plantations and cash crops. 2. Improve the agricultura~ practises. 3. Provide credit services 4. Promote the management skills within the community through training and participation. 5. Stimulate small business and income generating activities through training,provision of inputs and credit. 6. Initiation of self help activities 7. Introduction of sanitation (pit - latrines} wthin the villages through food/work. 8. Provision of supplementary feeding to children and pregnant and lactating mothers. 40 • 'i (. IV. INPUTS ITEMS Construction Vehicles Bicycles Camping items Animal draft Agricultural tools Extension equipment Water pumps Community Development Personnel Training Operational Cost Total 41 DONORS GOV. $(000) Ls.(000) - 2,000 180 - 60 - 100 500 160 500 150 400 150 600 200 - 300 1,000 400 2,000 300 1,000 300 5,000 --------- ---------- 2,3000 13,000 Title: Sector & Subsector: Rehabilitation of the Central Food Labs. and Establishment of Regional.and State's Labs Federal MOH,(National Chemical Labs). Subsector: State's MOH. Gov. Implementing Agencies: All above mentioned sector & subsectors. Donor Contribution: USD.1045,000 Gov. Contribution Staff,Building,running expenses etc. Starting Date & Duration: 1996,for seven years Location: Phase I: Rehabilitation of the National Food Labs & Regional Food at Port Sudan (1996/98). Phase II:Establishment of the national Food Lab.At Northern Region (Atbara) & Western (ElObeid) and Southern(Juba) (1998/2002) I. Problem Definition: a) Most of the analytical services at the National level for food control and safety is the responsibility of the National laboratories. Rehabilitation and strengthening of these laboratories are vital for the following:- i) Shortage in imported supplies and equipment because of shortage of foreign exchange. ii) Absence of trainning institutes for training senior scientists as far updating their knowledge. iii)No qualified personnel are locally available for the maintenance and repair of laboratory equipment at present. iv) Lack of up-to date references and scientific periodicals. B) Absence of quality control laboratories in the regions,and due to large area of Sudan resulted in difficulty in transporting food samples from the different regions and arrival of samples in a state sometimes unsuitable for testing and also difficulty of communication and exchange of information. Therefore establishing of Regional Quality Control laboratories as soon as possible is a top priority. 42 The Regional labs will be responsible for the control purposes in the regions and the nearby boarders to supervise border food trade. In the long run a laboratory in each State will be established to assist in improving the Food Quality Control and Safety at State level. II. Specific Issues to be Addressed: - Provision of equipment and chemicals - Training scientists and technicians locally and aboard. - Support for research and monitoring surveys. III. CU.rrent Policy and Relevant Activities: The policy of the country is to decentralize all the executive matters.Accordingly it is planned to rehabilitate the Central lab,and establish the Regional labs and the State's labs. IV. Expected End of Project Situation: Rehabilitation of the Central Food labs. includes: - Supplies and equipment - Training in Food Quality Control and manage•ent (local and aboard) . - Research and monitoring surveys - Establishing a unit for repair of the scientific equipment. V. Objectives and outputs: a) To support the Central lab. to improve the achievements of its different activities. i) Analysis of food products for regulatory purposes(imports and exports) . ii) Monitoring contaminants in foods and collaboration in WHO/ FAO/UNEP program.mes. iii) Analysis of foods and crops for food composition tables and for developing quality and specifications for locally produced foods iv) Training and research. b) Support of Regional Food laboratory at Port-Sudan includes: - Supplies and equipment - Training (local and aboard) - Monitoring program.mes 43 Objectives and output: - Supporting this laboratory will assist to check food export and facilitate the control of imported food products and take the necessary action before leaving the port. - Food monitoring surveys in the Eastern Zone. - Continuous monitoring the level of iodine in iodated salt at the stage of production in Port-Sudan and at other various stages of handling. C)Establishment of the following regional laboratories: - Northern food laboratory at Atbara - Western food laboratory at El Obeid - Southern food laboratory at Juba "For supplies and equipment,training and surveys) Objectives and output:- Each of these laboratories will be responsible to cover its region for food and water analytical services including the imported foods through the nearby entry points. D) Establishment of food labs.in all states: "in the long run"(supplies and equipment,training and surveys). Objectives and output:- Its responsibility will cover the State for food quality, control and safety. INPUTS:- 1. Rehabilitation: Central Food Lab.:- - Supplies & equipment - Training - Building rehabilitation (partial) Establishment scientific equipment repair unit - One vehicle Total 44 Costs in USD 100,000 50,000 200,000 70,000 25,000 445,000 Port-Sudan Regional Laboratory:- - Supplies & equipment - Training (local & aboard) - Building rehabilitation (partial) - One vehicle Total 2. Establishment of regional labs:- (Atbara,El Obeid,Juba) - Supplies & equipment - Training (local & aboard) - One vehicle Total 100,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 165,000 100,000 20,000 25,000 145,000 VIII. Government Priority,Commitment and Participation:- Since the overall food quality,control and safety is priority areas for the government.It will highly committed since it is within the NCS (1993 - 2002) to the sustainability of its activities. The government will be committed through its continuous support regarding to staff,building,electrcity and water supply and other minor expenses such as fuel etc. 45 Title Study of the Quality of Packaging Materials Used packing & packaging. Plastic in Foods Sector & Sub-sector: Federal MOH (National Chemical Labs(NCL) Government Implementing agencies : Donor Contribution: Government Contribution: starting Date /Duration: Location: I. Problem Definition: as above USD $165,000 Building,staff,general expenses. 1996 - for 2.5 years KhartoUJ11 state Plastic packaging materialsis relatively a new area of work. The different types of plastics used in contact with foods are necessary every day. There are many chemical compounds which potentially can migrate into foods from food packaging materials and the ingestion of these contaminants is hazardous.Therefore studying the levels of these substances in food contact materials used locally and in foods with which they have been in contact is vital. II.Sepecific Issues to be Addressed: a. Collection of informaton aboutthe various types of "plastics used in contact with foods",which are used locally. b. Information about the food contact uses of these plastic materials. c. Studying the quality of these plastic materials's i.e composition and plasticisers contents. d. Studying the level of migration of constituents from the plastics into foodstuffs. III.CUrrent Policy and Relevant Activities: The policy of the government is to provide the consUJ11er with safe and sound food and protect his health from any harm,e.g contaminated foods.Therefore,surveys and laboratory analysis are going on to enforce food law and regulations,taking into consideration the international standards and specification. IV.Expected end of the project situation: Investigation about the different types of plastic packaging materials used in the Sudan and the extent ofthe safety of their use,followed by action. 46 v.pescription of work: Activity - Colletion of information about the types of plastic packaging materials used locally,and the foods used in contact with each type. - Ordering and recieving the required supplies and equipment - Identification of the plastic packaging materials and their constituents (IR),and global migration. - Quantitative analysis of the migrated substances from the plastics using standard method(GLC},(consultation in this area is required and training aboard) VII.INPUTS : Budget Category - Supplies & Equipment (GLC,IR ... ) - Personnel (2 Scientists,2 Technicians, 1 Lab Assistant,! Food Inspector, 1 Driver) - Training aboard (2 scientists for 3 months each) - Consultant (one month) - Transport,fuel .. etc - Stationaries & others expenses Total 47 Proposed time 6 months (Jan.1996 - June,1996) 6 months (Jan.1996 - June,1996) One year (July 1996 - June 1997) One year (July 1997 - June 1998) Budget Request (USD) 100,000 20,000 25,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 165,000 VIII.GOVERNMENT PRIORITY.COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: since the food control and safety is a priority area for the government, it will be highly committed to sustainability of its activity. Being within the (NCS)of the government 1993/2002 The government will be committed through its continuous support regarding the staff,building power,water supplies and other running expenses. supplies and other running expenses 48 TITLE SECTOR & SUB-SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY. DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION SUMMARY: FORTIFIED CEREAL BASED DIETS : AGRICULTURE - FOOD RESEARCH CENTRE FOOD RESEARCH CENTRE - SHAMBAT : EQUIPMENT AND EXPERTISE LAND,UTILITIES,PERSONNEL 1995 DURATION: 3 years FOOD RESEARCH CENTRE,SHAMBAT The main purpose of this project is to produce cereal based foods (sorghu.m,millet,maize,wheat) including legumes(chickpea,cowpea, pigeonpea,lentil etc),dry skim milk and micronutrients (vitamins, iron,iodine etc.). This food mix is intended for vulnerable groups to ensure nutritiious food and household food security.The equipment may be imported since stainless steel is preferred for processing units.Demand for foreign donor/manufacturer is imperative to supply equipment and expertise for on-job training. I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: One of the recommendations of the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN,FAO,Rome 1992)was to strengthen the food processing capabilities by conducting Research and Development on processing of local food commodities. This in turn will ensure wholesomeness of the foods with uniformity to all consu.mers.Sudan,with all her existing human resource and large production of food grains,haven 1 t manufactured food for vulnerable groups e.g.infants,pre-school children,low­ income and displaced population. The household insecurity caused by family low purchasing power aggravated the nutritional problems in the country.Nutritional problems faced include Protein-Energy Malnutrition(PEM) and deficiency of the micronutrients iron,iodine and vitamin A especially among the vulnerable groups. Inspi te of these problems, Sudan still has great potentials for food production to satisfy its needs and hence partially solve the nutritional problems. Efforts are now being exerted towards production of sweet potatoes being a cheaper carbohydrate source and carotene(vi tamin A precursor)in coloured varieties. The proposed fortified cereal based(sorghu.m,millet,wheat,maize) mixes will include different proportions of legu.mes(board - bean, 49 lentil,chickpea,cowpea.phaseoulus}all produced locally and fortified with premix (vitamins and minerals mixture)and skim milk powder. II.SPECIFICE ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: Selection of cereals and legumes available in the different regions To produce food mixes of good nutritional value that will contribute in combating the existing nutritional deficiencies - Selection of processing technology suitable for local crops that can be applied either on small scale rural basis or on larger industrial scale . Ct 1 - Upgrading of indigenous family and rural technologies that C: can be transfered to industrial application. - Promotion of high quality legumes cultivation (Protein derived from vegetable source is twice that from animal source in Sudan.FAQ Food Balance Sheets,1987-89). III.CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES The Government of Sudan economic policy on investment is based on privatization.The policy encourages individual or groups to take over public industries.The banking system is based on Islamic Code of "Murabaha" and "Musharaka".This has greatly encouraged industrial activities.Foreign investment is also encouraged.The food industries are given priority in the Government policy of investment. The institutions involved in country investment,Government/ Private sector,are Sudan Development Corporation(SDC),Sudan Agricultural Bank(SAB),Nilean Industrial and Investment Bank, Sudan Rural Development Corporation,Sudan Animal Production Bank,Bank of Sudan and other private banks. IV.EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: Production of fortified cereal based mixes that can be easily prepared and available to all groups.The main raw materials included in the food mixes are cereals,legumes,skim milk and multi-vitamin mix.The last two ingredients may have to be imported.Research and Development will continue at FRC to standardize various formulae for target groups. The FRC activities at pi lot plants could be an asset for establishing the new project. The end-product wi 11 be distributed in al 1 states as large and small packets. 50 C V.DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: Objectives: - Adequate supply of nutritious foods from local crops to help in combating malnutrition problems faced by the vulnerable groups. Transfer of technology to different regions of Sudan where it can be applied using locally available raw materials. Outputs: The main products will be - Sorghum based - Millet based - Wheat based - Maize based (marginal) Scheduling of activities - Installation of laboratory equipment - Installation of pilot plant - Research & Development of products (formulation the nutritional, sensory,microbiological and stability studies). - Marketing studies. VI.INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND COORDINATION: FRC,an executing body,should utilize all trained manpower at its disposal.This institute should coordinate with various bodies e.g. - Breeders and farmers (ARC and Ministry of Agriculture). - Federal and State Nutrition Departments (Ministry of Health and Education) - Sudan standards and Meterology Corporation - Millers Association. VI I. INPUTS: Laboratory equipment(+ installation) US$ Pilot plant(+ installation) Chemicals glassware,packaging materials Raw materials Prefabricated building to house pilot plant Transport(2 pickups + 8 ton truck+ fuel) Training Personnel Contingencies(l0%) 143,000 1,075,000 180,000 500,000 200,000 140,000 50,000 40,000 2,328,000 240,000 GRAND TOTAL US$ 2,568,000 51 I FRC Contribution: - Land for pilot plant installation - Manpower (scientists,technicians,labourers) Laboratory facilities - Utilities (electricity+ water) - Storage facilities - Stationary - Pilot plants facilities that include: Sorghum mill,bakery,drum drier,cabinet drier,spray drier,concentrator,fruits & vegetables processing plant and cold stores. Execution of the project by FRC where there is a complete infrastructure for the implementation of the project.In addition experience gained in the commercial operation of the bakery and sorghum mill is an advantage. VIII.GOVERNMENT PRIORITY.COMMITMENT AND PARTICIPATION: This is a top priority project where government participation is through FRC. IX.PREREQUISTES AND ASSUMPTIONS: - Preparation of land - Purchase of equipment - Building materials - Training of operators - Erection of building - Installation of equipment - Research and Development activities - Availability of efficient channels for information,education and extension - Visits to relevant plants in Ethiopia,Sri Lanka etc. 52 TITLE SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STRATING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: SURVEY OF ANAEMIA & INFESTATION RATE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN AND PREGNANT MOTHERS IN AL DURUSHAB AREA FEDERAL MOH-EPIDEMIOLOGY DEPT.& NAT.NUTRITION DEPT. PHC DIRECTORATE (NAT.NUT.DEPT). PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE DIRECTORATE (EPIDEMIOLOGY DEPT). DRUGS,TRANSPORTATION,HMORASUIM, COMPUTER & LAB.EQUIPMENT 11 WORKERS (2 DOCTORS,2 NUTRITION OFFICERS,2 LAB.TECHNICIANS,COMPUTOR TECHNICIAN OPERATOR & OTHERS. MAY 1995, FOR TWO YEARS KHARTOUM STATE,KHARTOUM NORTH PROVINCE,EL DURUHAB AREA. a. High rate of infestation with Hook worms among pregnant mothers. b. High rate of infestation with whip worms among school children and under five children. c. Decreased persnnal hygiene among inhabitants d. Increased rate of Anaemia ( nutritional) among children below 15 years of age and pregnant women. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: 1) Health education a personal hygiene - nutritional education - environmental sanitation - combat harmful practics 2) Worms:- a) to determine the infestation rate among target group:- children below 15 years (all basic education pupils) - pregnant mothers b) treatment of cases - and their families 3) Anaemia: Determine anaemia prevalence among target group (pregnant mothers & < 15 yrs children) 4. Nutritional status of target group: e.g W/H for school children and under five's. - Rb% level for target group 53 f 5. Correlation between nutritional status of the target group, poor sanitation and infestation. III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES : - The only clear policy is the (Economical Treatment},the system that has been introduced by the government and which comprises of:payment for every service recieved by a client /patient ( beneficiary) which seems not work in such area as the one proposed for study due to low type of social class residing in the area with very decreased income.There is only ones health centres poorly equiped and lacks health workers and it serves in the above mentioned manner; - No proper or even proposal system for sanitation - There are some trials from non-governmental organizations and mass organizations e.g.Women Union to organize literacy campaigns for the women in the area.Newly formed popular committees together with the Youth organization and the S.R.C. Unit try to organize some activities,but all still lack support and sponsorship. IV. EXPECTED END OF THE PROJECT SITUATION By the end of the project:- 1) Target groups should know causes of the problem - Types of worms prevaling. - How can be contracted - Treatment and prevention. Indicators: 1. Tpyes and number of health education sessions provided and total number of beneficiaries assisted. 2. Tpye and quantity of health education materials produced and distributed. 3. Degree of change in KAP (evaluation,survey). 2) Improvement of Nutritional Status: Prevalence of Anaemia among target group - Prevalence of children (<15) below the percentile (WFH) Indicators: % target with Anaemia % target below the fixed percentile (WT/HT) 3) Cases Reduction: Indicators: a. % of patient infested b. Total number of patient recieved ANTI-WORM drugs(by type) 54 4) Increased community awareness of the problem: Indicators: degree of involvement of the community in project implementation e.g.:- - Environmental sanitation Health education - Funding (how much,kind etc) Etc. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT:- ACTION 1) Agreement on project & site selection 2) Orientation for the community 3) Finalization of the Plan e.g sampling,methodology etc. Personnel allotment. 4) Baseline survey for:- to determine: infestation rate.-Prevalence of Anaemia.- Nutritiona status 5) Management of cases &/or families. - specification and perscription and distribution of drugs - Follow-up for cases:- - determine the period for frequency of follow­ up. -Re-examine for worms -Reassess% Rb% and Nutritional status as necessary. 6) Health Education: - Preparation & distribu­ tion of H.Education material. - Health education messages(fix how,when & by whom). 7) Outcome Evaluation: at 2 years - survey: - Prevalence of Anaemia - Infestation Rate - Nutritional Status - Assess degree of change in KAP INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED PHC/Prev.& Social M. Directorate/State MOH etc. Project staff/popular committee in target area. Involved Directorates/ Sponsoring Agency. Project staff/the local community 55 Health workers, project staff Community,Project staff, others(T.V.Radio etc.) Project staff, Sponsoring Agency & others Project staff and Community ·' VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CO-ORDINATION: - Federal Ministry of Health represented by Nutrition Dept & Epidemiology Dept : Implementing Agency. - Institute of Tropical Medicine U of Krt. - Khartoum State: MOH - shares in implementing through: Availing of Health Workers,& logistics. * A project co-ordinator should liaise between different parties involved and donor Agent. - An Assistant co-ordinator to follow-up and monitor implementaton. - A steering committee from different concerned bodies,including the community with its concerned Mass orgainizations- to supervise implementation. VII. INPUTS COMPONENT TOTAL. USD($) 1) Equipment 30,000 2) Furniture 20,000 3) Computer & Accessories 10,000 4) Refrigirator 5,000 5) Stationary 5,000 6) Vehicles(2 cars + Motor- 30,000 cycle) 7) Fuel,oils & spareparts 8,000 8) Rental for house 10,000 9) Personnel 200,000 l0)Training 150,000 --------- Total 468,000 Contugency (10%) 46,800 ----------- Grand Total (USD) 514,800 56 VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY.COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION - Premesis for the project (Health Centre) - Health workers:- Salaries - Government should avail seed funds to revolve in the scope of generating continues flow of money to maintain cost of health education,environmental sanitation,lab-services and drugs. IX. PREREQUISTES AND ASSUMPTIONS: ,fi ··I(..: The community should be involved in a large scale from the beginning ,by sensitization towards the importance of the problems to be addressed ,through their vital role in the success of the project and their full enjoyment in the implementation process,specially in health education, environmental sanitation,still a clearly delineated role should be tailored not for the community with quantified indicator for which the community is fully responsible.In the other hand the community should be responsible for issuance and follow-up of legislations that can help in enhancement of project activities:- e.g: guidelines and sametimes related to environmental sanitation, eradication of harmful traditional practices,and the community contribution in 57 f TITLE SECTOR AND SUB-SECTOR DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEMS DEFINITION: DETERMINATION OF SPACING PATTERN OF DRINKING WATER WELLS AND PIT LATRINES IN BAHR ELGAZAL AND UPPER NILE SECTORS OF SOUTH SUDAN MOWAFAQ FND AND COLLEGE OF HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. USD$ 79,200 STAFF,SALARIES,Ls.500,000 1995 - 1996, FOR ONE YEAR. NORTH BAHR ELGAZAL,WARAP,UPPER NILE Inspi te of the widely reported cases of water - borne diseses, yet the statistical data related in this field is completely unavialable, specially in the war affected areas of South Sudan. It was also highly reported that close installation of pit latrines and water wells increased the chances of contamination due to high water level and high soil porosity. In the mean time intensive programmes are prepared to dig more surface wells and pit-latrines. This is expected to aggreviate the situation as more chances of contaminations will avail if proper spacing between water source and latrines is not identified and maintained. This project suggests intensive investigation to determine a proper system for both services. This will include study of quality of water (chemical,microbilogical and flavour) and soil morphotogy during both summer and rainy seasons. II. OBJECTIVES : 1. Improve health condition in Southern Sudan by provision of safe drinking water. 2. Promote improved sanitation practices by encouraging behavioral change among target benficiaries. BENFICIARIES: 1. Approximately 120,000 war affected people (displaced & refugees) in Upper Nile and Bahr ElGazal sectors of Southern Sudan. 2. About ten NGOs working or interested to work in the field of pit latrines and provision of drinking water. 58 III. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: 1. Collection of basic information on water levels and geological set up of targeted areas. 2. Based on above data,designing of a suitable model for implementation. 3. Chemical and Microbiological analysis of drinking water on ten selected locations in the South and assessing its' suitability for drinking (tests carried in the field and Central Laboratories). 4. Final recommendation on types of water sources and pit latrines to be installed in the different parts studied.Adjustment of final model. 5. Training of local health staff on suggested model. VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CO-ORDINATION: l.Emergency and Health Dept - MOWAFAQ Foundation Implementing Agency - Assigning two technical staff one in water analysis and another in public health. 2.College of Health and environmental studies consultant. 3.State Ministries of Health for provision of local information access to project site - also for seconding staff for training. V. INPUTS No. COMPONENT TOTAL USD($) 1. Equipment 30,000 2. Computer and Accessories 10,000 3. Stationary 3,000 4. Training 15,000 5. Travel Expenses 10,000 6. Labour cost 4,000 ---------- TOTAL 72,000 Contingency (10%) 1 I 200' ----------- Grand Total (USD $) 79,200 59 t TITLE : PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING USING KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE & PRACTICES (KAP)APPROACH SECTOR & SUB-SECTOR FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH, SUB-SECTOR:PHC,(NUT.& MCH), SGNED,AGRIC.EXTENSION,WOMEN ASSOCIATIONS & NGOs. GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ALL ABOVE MENTIONED SUB-SECTORS AT STATE LEVEL. DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS USD$ 450,000 & Ls.16 Mill. GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: STAFF,SALARIES 1995/1996,FOR 12 MONTHS NINE STATES,(GEZIRA,KASSALA NAHR ELNEIL,N.KORDOFAN,N. DARFUR,KHARTOUM,UPPER NILE, BAHR ELGABEL,BAHR ELGAZAL. In Sudan exclusive Breast Feeding is not yet widespread because there are strong believes and traditions regarding the importance of giving the newborn infants large quantities of water. Traditionally new born infants are given boiled water added to it little amounts of sugar and salt.Sometimes they are given boiled herbs.It is strongly believed that due to the dryness & hottness of the weather, if the new borns do not take enough water, this will lead to deafness and will suffer from jaundice. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED To the Mothers:- i) To know the mothers knowledge about importance of BF for the infant ii) Time of starting Breast Feeding (BF) iii) Duration of breast feeding and mode of breast feeding. iv) Mode of stopping breast feeding v) To know whether the mothers know about exclusive BF, practice it and if not why? vi) From whom was advice recieved about exclusive BF (+ve & -ve) if any. vii) Is the mother prepared to practice exclusive BF.in future. 60 To Health Cadres: (Obstitrician,Paediatrician & other paramedical staff) i) Their op1n1on about exclusive breast feeding ii) Do they have any training about exclusive BF. iii) Do they apply what they have learnt about eclusive breast feeding e.g. during education session,to the mothers. iv) Means of follow-up v) Is there a change in the attitude & practice of mothers regarding exclusive breast feeding. III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES:- - Formation of Breast Feeding National Committee by the Ministerial Decree. - Formation of Working Group for Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) adoption. - Training of Master Trainers at National level. Planned Activities: - 30 maternity hospitals (Government & Private) to be certified as Baby Friendly Hospital by the end of 1995. - Updating,Development & Printing of educational materials. - To conduct training courses for Paediatricians,Obstitricians, Mid-level managers and Field workers. - To conduct a workshop to raise the awareness of decision makers. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION:- By the end of the project will know: - The attitude of mothers and health cadres about exclusive breast feeding. The status of training and areas that need strengthening. % of prevalence of exclusive breast feeding - Based on the KAP results,the following activities will be carried out:- * To adapt the WHO 18 & 40 hours training manuals to the~ local situation. * To design suitable educational materials. * To decide on the different cadres which should be trained at all levels. 61 V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: OBJECTIVES: - To identify the mothers and health cadres attitude to-wards exclusive breast feeding. - To identify the% of mothers practcing exclusive BF. To identify the source of information regarding exclusive breast feeding. OUTPUTS: - To identify the source of information about exclusive breast feeding. - To identify to what extent the health cadre especially Obstitricians & Paediatricians are convinced about the concept of exclusive breast feeding. - Redisign the programme according to the results of the KAP study. SCHEDULING OF ACTIVITIES ACTIVITY 1. To contact selective state to discuss with authorities concerned. 2. Design & printing questionnaires and guidelines. 3. Training of interviewers. 4. Data collection. 5. Data analysis & reporting. 6. Supervision. 7. Two days workshop to discuss the KAP results. 8. Finalization,translation & printing report. 9. Its distribution to the concerned bodies. 62 DURATION 1st & 2nd months 1st month 3rd month 3rd - 5th months 5th - 6th month 3rd - 5th month 6th month 7th - 8 th month 9th month tL ~ VI.INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & CO-ORDINATION:- ACTIVITY 1. Contact proposed states 2. Design of questiionnaires & guidelines 3. Training of interviewers 4. Data Collection 5. Data analysis & reporting 6. Supervision 7. National Workshop 8. Finalization,translation & printing of the KAP study Report. VII. INPUTS: ITEM 1. Transport (Vehicles)Rental 2. Mainenance & Operation (fuel,oils etc) 3. Personnel 4. Stationary 5. Training Total 63 BY WHOM Federal MOH (NUT.& MCH) " " " n " n At state level (PHC,NUT.& MCH,SGNED,AGRIC.Extension & NGOs Federal MOH,PHC Informat­ ion Unit Federal MOH,PHC (NUT & MCH Fed.MOH,MOA,MOE. Fed.MOH (NUT & MCH) RECURRENT COST USO $ 450,000 Ls. 1,000,000 Ls.12,000,000 Ls. 1,000,000 Ls. 2,000,000 ----------------- Ls.16,000,000 + $ 450,000. f VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY,COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: The Government will be committed to the promotion of breast feeding since it is within the National Comprehensive Stratgy (NCS). The study being conducted and its cost will include staff involved at different level.i.e the majority of staff involved being government officails. IX. PREREQUISTES AND ASSUMPTIONS The concerned authorities in the selected states agree to the study being contacted. 64 TITLE SECTOR AND SUB-SECTORS ESTABLISHMENT AND STRENGTHENING OF SCHOOL GARDENING AND NUTRITION EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS IN THE STATES. CENTRAL SGNED OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & STATE'S SGNED. GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: STATE'S LEVEL DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE AND DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: US$ 817,000 Ls.300,000,000 EARLY 1996,FOR 3 YEARS. CENTRAL SGNED & STATE'S SGNED The School Gardening and Nutrition Education Department (SGNED) was established in 1964 by Ministry of Education to help alleviate the serious effects of malnutrition especially among those groups most at risk.The focus was to be at family level, with special attention to the rural population,combining Nutrition education with the encouragement of family food production and income generating activities.By 1977,the work (SGNED Programme) had expanded from its start in Khartoum into ( 13 )provinces, (the meantime these provinces are becoming states). The Central SGNED is technically responsible for the planning, guidance, follow-up and assessment of programme activities in the state SGNED. It is also responsible for interstate training courses of six month's duration for basic education teachers and organization of an annual national workshops for the SGNED Central and State staff (controllers & senior officers) aim at reviewing procession of the work and achievements,assessment of the programmes activities, training, exchange of experiences .. etc. The state SGNED centres are usually located in capitals of the states.They are responsible for short courses in Nutrition & rural education training for teachers, trainng and refresher courses for Nutrition guides,and courses for local women.Each state SGNED is responsible for a network of provincial,district and sub-centres. (see Annex I - Infrastructure of the SGNED programme of Ministry of Education) . At the present time,there are some constraints encounter process of the work in the SGNED centres ,Development and expansion of the programme and can be summarized in the following: 1. Shortage of qualified manpower due to the limit training opportunities and facilities. 2. Insufficient budgets allocated for running the activities of training programmes in addition to the late release of these budgets. 65 3. Inavailability of transport facilities without which the training and rural activities cannot be supervised,monitored and evaluated. 4. Acute lack of training facilities such as kitchen utensils, farm tools,educational aids etc .... II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: The objectives of the proposed project are to strengthen,expand and support the activities of the programme in the 13 -operating state SGNEDs,namely: Khartoum,Gezira,Northern,River Nile,North & South Kordofan,North & South Darfur,Kassala,Blue Nile,White Nile and Red Sea.It also aims at the establishing the SGNED centres in the remaining states(newly established states)not covered by the SGNED programmes at present especially the Southern states.It will also aim at supporting and reorienting activities at the Central SGNED. At State/Provincial and village levels attention will paid to: 1. Efforts will be made to establish and furnish the State SGNEDs in the 13 - States not yet covered by the SGNED programmes. 2. Establishment more SGNED Sub-centres to cover all the districts of each state,with emphasis on linking the sub­ centres to local agricultural or rural development programmes. 3. Improvement and reorientation of courses in sub-centres to suit the local resources and need production and consumption and income - generating activities. 4. Improvement of the training of Nutrition guides who are responsible for the sub-centres to make their courses more effective. At the Central level,SGNED Director and staff will continue to provide monitoring guidance for the state activities through interstate training courses,annual national workshops,regular field visits,feed-back reports and distribution of appropiate technical materials.As well asattention will be focussed on: 1. Promotion of income generating activities through establishing a revolving fund,nationally available agricultural credit facilities,to provide loans for group activities to be carried out by women who have attended SGNED courses at sub-centres and wish to launch co-operative food production/or income - generating activities. 2. Training of a select number of SGNED Central and State staff in household level food production(including small animals) and in use of Agricultural credit and the management of revolving fund,leading to a number of groups of women taking on reimbursable loans to enable them to launch food production /income - generating activities. 66 3. Training of SGNED Central and State staff in adult education methods;developing and promoting the system or methodology used and practised in teaching the mothers and housewives in training courses. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: Expand the SGNED programme in the further into all rural and urban areas country wide,and linked the SGNED sub-centres to local Development. SGNEDs will provide technical support for Development of curriculia in home science and rural education for schools. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: This project is of three years duration and will strengthen, expand and reorient the SGNED programme activities at the Central SGNED and in the 13 of existing State SGNEDs.It also assist in establishing new centres of the SGNED in other 13 states.The project will be phased as follows: * lst.year (phase I): This phase will support and strengthen the Central SGNED and (6) of the existing state SGNEDs.It will also assist in establishing (4)new centres of the SGNED at states which hav'nt centres of the SGNED. * 2nd year (phase II): It will strengthen (5) of the existing state SGNEDs,and assist in establishment of (4) new centres of the SGNED at other states. * 3rd year (phase III): It will involve, support and strengthening (2) of the existing state SGNEDs and establishment of (5) new centres of the SGNED at states. 67 INPUTS: * CONTRIBUTIONS - (INPUTS) 1. National Contribution & Commitments: The ministries of education and guidance (at Central and State levels) shall continue to support SGNED,providing staff, labourers, furniture,the establishment of premises for the SGNED, (at provincial and district levels),provide an operating budgets for their educational activities,also drivers,fuel and repair service for the vehicles. 2. External Donor Support:(see Annex II) Ct, This external support will involve : f a. Provision of national consultants to assist in developing the training programmes and participate in the dsign, implementation,monitoring and evaluation of the SGNED activities country wide. (Recurrent technical consultancy) b. Vehicles for state SGNEDs (one for each state) and one vehicle + one Minibus for the Central SGNED at Khartoum. c. Supplies and Materials:(training facilities) - Kitchen utensils (for each state) - Educational aids (for each state) - Farm tools (for each state) d. Training for SGNED Central and State controllers and senior staff,and providing study tours to appropriate staff for acquainting similar regional and international experience in these areas. * Monitoring and Evaluation: The Donor,consultant,director of the project and director assistants will continue to provide monitoring,follow-up and guidance for Central and state activities through regular field visits,feed and feed-back reports,workshop and/or training. Evaluation of the project will start with inception of implementation as well as after its conclusion. * Response and Sustainability: The ministries of Education and Guidance of Sudan (at Central and State levels) have been undertaking their support to the SGNED programmes activities by providing staff,workers,offices, furnisture,current budgets,fuel and repair service for the means of transport. At the grass - root level, where the SGNED sub­ centres are financially and physically supported by local community and the SGNED courses recipients themselves. 68 t Annex INFRASTRUCTURE OF SGNED PROGRAMME - MOE STAFF 1. University graduates 2. Teachers having Diploma in nutrition and rural education (extra Rural studies - U. K !. Teachers having Diploma in nutrition 3nd rural education Hxtra rural studies - UK) 2. Teachers conmpleting 6 months training course in nutrition & rural ed. at SGED (national Dept) 1. Teachers trained at (National dept - SGED)FOR SIX MONTH 2. Village nutrition guides (nutritionf field workers) trained atPNECs or DNECs I MINISTRY OF EDUCATION I I SGED - H.Qs. Khartoum I PROV. NUT. EDUC. CENTRES PNESc RESPONSIBILITIES SIGED is responsible for the planning, guidance, follow- up, monitoring and assessment of the provincial activities Implementation of activities of the programme, sending quarter1y and annual report to SG ED & supervisiting district ... ---------------. nutrition ed. centres in DISTIRICT NUTRITION CENTRES (dnCS) Village nutrition sub-centres towns. Supervising nutrition sub­ centres & holds training courses for village duides & mothers in rural areas Each sub­ centrehold tow courses per year, each of 12 weeks duration, for an average of 25 women per course ANNEX II. DONOR CONTRIBUTION (IN USD $) SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT PHASE I PHASE II PHASEIII TOTAL l.Vehicles(l4) 180,000 150,000 120,000 450,000 2.Educational Aids 45,000 45,000 40,000 130,000 3.Kitchen Utensils 36,000 36,000 32,000 104,000 4.Fann tools 27,000 27,000 24,000 78,000 5.Training 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 6.Consultancy 10,000 - 15,000 25,000 Total 308,000 268,000 241,000 817,00( 70 TITLE REHABILITATION OF THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR FOOD, NUTRITIION,HEALTH EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. SECTOR AND SUB-SECTOR FEDERAL MOH(NAT.NUT.DEPT.& HEALTH EDUCATION DEPT.),MOE (SGNED),MOA(AGRIC.EXTENSION), MOSOCIAL PLANNING,MOINFORMATION. GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING :ABOVE MENTIONED SUB-SECTORS AT AGENCY STATE LEVEL. DONOR CONTRIBUTION : FUND FOR: a. EQUIPMENT & MACHINES b. TRAINING OF THE STAFF c. PRINTING MATERIALS d. PAYMENT FOR EXPATRIATE & NATIONAL EXPERTS 2/YEAR TOTAL U$ 250,000 II 75,QQQ II 125,QQQ II 150,QQQ U$ 600,000 GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION : FUND FOR: a. PAYMENT FOR THE STAFF Ls. 3 MILL b. ESTABLISHMENT OF PREMISES FOR WORK 11 60 MILL c. LOCAL COMPONENTS FOR DESIG­ NING,PRINTING,AND DISTRIBU- TION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS 5 MILL d. COST OF PUBLIC RELATION 1 MILL TOTAL(ONE YEAR) 69 MILL. STARTING DATE & DURATION JULY 1995 - TWO YEARS: - ONE FOR ESTABLISHMENT - ONE AS PIALT PROJECT FOR PRODUCTION. LOCATION KHARTOUM (HEALTH EDUCATION BUILDING). I. PROBLEM DEFINITION In the mean time there is no national technical focal point carrying out the responsibility for designing ,producing,printing and distribution of educational materials and other audio visual aids for health education on food and nutrition. The proposed centre is going to increase the capacity of the technical unit at the health education department on designing and producing health education materials and training. 71 II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: 1. Appropriate management for the centre to plan,supervise, monitor and finance the activities. 2. Advisory committee should be fonaed at the health education department to assist in planning the development of education materials and audio visual aids in the field of food & nutrition and evaluating the activities carried out by the centre. 3. Revolving fund system will be created to secure the continuity of the centre activities. III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES: Due to many reasons,one of them is lack of fund for repairing the available printing machines at the health education department,all educational materials for health education are designed and produced in the free market. Efforts have been carried out to enable health education depart.Jtent to design and produce health education materials but the output is very limited due to the lack of fund. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION; 1. The project will enhance the production of the educational materials and audio visual aids for health,food and nutrition. 2.The project will have good impact on the quality and cost of production of educational materials. 3.Unification of educational messages in the area of health, food and nutrition. 4.The centre will serve as a national training unit for the different cadres in addition to the training of the technique of popular communication. 5.Research will be part of the activities of the centre. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: The centre is a technical body for designing,producing and distributing educational materials for health education on food and nutrition. a)OBJECTIVES:Tbe following objetives will be achieved by the centre: 1. To secure availability of health education material for food and nutrition in good quality and sufficient quantity. 72 2. To reduce the cost of the production of education materials. 3. To develop and improve means and ways for production of education materials. b) 1. OUTPUTS: The following are the output of the centre: Production of printed and other audio visual aaterials for health education for food and nutrition. 2. Training of technician on the different processes of producing educational materials. 3. Pre-testing and evaluation of the impacts of the printing and other audio visual materials on the target groups. )SHEDOLING OF ACTIVITIES: ACTIVITY Rehabilitation of Building Equipment,machines Training for Techn icians. Printing materials Payment for expat­ riate+ national experts(first year) Total cost(lst ") Payment for local staff Local components for production Management & public relation Total cost (2nd year) Total cost (1st " ) Grand Total Monitoring & evaluat­ ion of the project (including resarch) Grand total Total BY WHOM SUD/GOV. Donors Donors Donors Donors SUD/GOV n n 73 WHEN Ql+Q2 Q3+Q4 Ql+Q4 Q4 Q3+Q4 Ql+Q4 n n Ql+Q2 of the 3rd.ye. BUDGET Ls. 6 Mill Ls.125,500,000 37,500,000 62,750,000 25,000,000 ------------- Ls. 256,750,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 1,000,000 9,000,000 256,750,000 265,750,000 21,000,000 265,750,000 286,750,000 VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION: The centre will be established at the health education department after up-grading of the building and available equipment and printing machains. Technical body in formal high committee will be formed for co-ordination between concerned departments and Ministeries. VII. INPUTS ; Scheduling of activities table shows financial and physical inputs needed for the project implementation. VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY.COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: The table of the scheduling of activities shows government priority,co:noritment and participation for the establishment of the centre, since it is within the National Comprehensive Strategy (NCS). IX. PREREOUISTES AND ASSUMPTIONS: 1. Agreement should be signed by the parteners (MOH,MOA, MOE) for the establishment of the centre to specify responsibilities,obligation and role of each partners. 2. Available technical resources for production of educational materials for food and nutrition should be part of this project. 3. The final goal of the project is to support availability of educational materials for food and nutrition and it can help on the availability of printing materials for health, agriculture and education. 4. Independent identity should be given to the project. Advisory committee for production and evaluation should be formed as co-ordinating body for management of the project. 5. The project should be run in revolving fund-base to secure its continuity. 6. Detailed plan of action should be made for the establishment of the project after the approval of this project. 74 t. TITLE REDUCING WORK LOAD OF RURAL WOMEN. PROJECT (A) : TITLE RAPID RURAL APPRIZAL(RRA)-EXPLORING INCENTIVES FOR IMPROVING •JUERAKA• MANAGEMENT IN SUDAN. SECTOR & SUB-SECTOR : RURAL SECTOR,AGRICULTURAL SUB-SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING MANRAW AGENCY DONOR CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: COST OF CONTACT,TABULATION AND ANALYSIS OF RRA MID-1995 AND FOR A ONE YEAR NATIONWIDE(REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE NORTHERN,EASTERN,CENTRAL,WESTERN SOUTHERN REGIONS(5 REPRESENTATIVE ZONES. In varying degrees,rural women in Sudan are directly responsible for providing for the food reqirements of their households. Because of their multiple roles in reproduction,domestic and production, the women are restricted to areas close to their homes in which to produce this food.In general,the gardens that women tend are here called •Jubraka• or "Jabarik". This is used to differentiate these farms from cultivation around homes for aesthetic purposes.Economic depression,the recurrent environmental calamities including droughts,pests such as locusts,army worms and the like singly and collectively depress food security, encourages migration of males to urban labor markets and increase amount of labor required to provide sufficient food for rural household.Consequently,women carry the burden of providing this increased demand for labor. Depressed food security in the midst of increasing labor demands cannot but affect women's nutritional status.Malnourished women affect their capacities as food providers and thus directly affect the nutritional status of their households. 75 II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: The issue here is resource management .How can rural women be assisted to meet their responsibilities as household food providers within the framework of the •jabarik•? A thorough understanding of the issue is vital to designing any intervention. This understanding of the situation as well as ideas of how best the situation can be improved can only be drawn up with the cooperation of the women,their households and their communities.Several studies of rural Sudan have been undertaken citing the existence,women's responsibility for and importance of •Jabarik".However,no detailed understanding of the land use patterns,resource (including labor,tools,capital,time) requirements and management patterns as well as qualitative and quantitative productivity of these •jabarik• has ever been undertaken.Thus,assistance to this vital household food source and women's responsibility,in the past,has been haphazard. III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES: The 10-year National Strategy on Sudan: Agricultural Sector Strategy gives priority concern for increasing food production and special emphasis directed toward the traditional sector. Increased productivity through vertical expansion and consolidated support for small farmers as a basic model for agricultural development and equity has been stipulated as a strategy for assisting the rainfed, traditional sector. This is the area in which most •jabarik• activity is found and where it is most important and vulnerable. Ministrial Order no.34 created the Women in Agricultual Development Administration (WADA) concerned with looking into the situation of women in agriculture and how their contribution f • to rural development can be enhanced. Several rural development projects in support of rural women's agricultural activities have been and are on-going throughout Sudan.These include international donor supported projects includingUNDP,FAO,UNICEF,UNIFEM,IFAD,EEC,WorldBank,Netherlands German,as well as a wide range of International and National Non-Government Institutions.The Government Ministries including the Ministry of Agriculture,Education,Social Planning as well as State Governments have likewise initiated support for rural women's agricultural activities. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: The Ultimate objective of the project is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the •jubarik•,their resource requirements and use of,as well the constraints their women operator/managers face as seen from the standpoint of these women,their household and community collaborators. 76 Understanding will likewise include insights on how resource management can be improved to ease women's efforts and thus reduce negative effects on their nutritional situation. There will be at least five representative comprehensive patterns drawn-up,representing the major regional divisions of Sudan - North,Eastern,Central,West and South.These patterns will be basis on which interventions can be premised. Likewise, the understanding developed can be the basis for policy and strategy. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT INCLUDING OBJECTIVES OUTPUTS AND SCHEDULING OF ACTIVITIES: OBJECTIVES OUTPUT : To undertake,through Rapid Rural Appraisal: a. a comprehensive inventory of resource requirements and use of women's "jubarik". b.an exploration of incentives for improving "jubarik" management. : 5 representative regional inventories of resource requirements and use patterns as well as equivalent incentives for improving women's "jubarik". SCHEDULE OF: Preparation of RRA Program,Kits,schedule - 4 months Selection and training of RRA teams - 2 months Field Work - 4 months Tabulation,verification,analysis and report making -2 months ACTIVITIES VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRAHAGEMENTS AND COORDINATION: MAHRAW Federal,involving relevant Departments and institutions, will coordinate with State Governments and State MANRAW. MAHRAW and the Donor Agency may contact the services of an appropriate Agency or Insitution to assist in the undertaking of the project. VII. INPUTS : 1. Donor Contribution: - RRA Expertise to design the programme,train collaborative staff,tabulate,analyse data and prepare reports (National Expertise) . - Equipment and office supplies including a computer ,calculators stationary. - Local training cost for national staff in RRA techniques. - Cost of transport for field teams,not necessarily vehicles but fuel and lubricants. - Operating cost for project. 77 2. Government Contribution: - Staff of collaborating Departments and Institutions,their salaries.DSAs and regular remuneration's. - Office space and facilities both at Federal and State locations including training facilities(classrooms). VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY,COMMITMENT AND PARTICIPATION: Government through HANRAW,is mandated to review,recommend and implement policies and strategies for agricultural development in line with the 10 - Year National Strategy for Sudan.MANRAW has sufficient manpower at Federal and State levels to assist in undertaking the project.Increasing productivity of the traditional sector through vertical expansion ( improved productivity per unit area) is Government's strategy for that sector and this project will help clarify the situation and identify possible incentives to improve "jabarik• typical of the sector and a women - specific area of responsibility. IX. PREREQUISITIES AND ASSUMPTIONS: 1. campaign to enlighten rural women of their equal right to land ownership as provided them by law should be undertaken by Government. Implementing orders to ensure women's access, ownership and use of land be issued and rural women appraised of these Government instruments. 2. Government and HANRAW establish mechanisms for women's equal and if necessary,specifically defined access to extension services,appropriate technology,credit,farm inputs and agricultural services. 78 X. BUDGET: A. Donor Contributions: - RRA expertise for 3 months to design programme & train collaborating staff - Cost of tabulation,analysis of data & preparation of reports. - Equipment and office supplies including a computer,calculators & stationary - Local training cost for national staff in RRA techniques {20 trainees) - Cost of transportation - Operating cost - Miscellaneous Total 2. Government Contributions: - Staff of collaborating departments and instituutions{20x4xSP 15,000) - WADA {lx12XSP 17,000) - Office space and facilities at Fereal & state locations including training facilities(classrooms). - Operating cost - Miscellaneous Total 79 US$ 6,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 15,000 10,000 116,000 Ls. 1,200,000 204,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 36,404,000 PROJECT ( B) : TITLE SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: PREPARATION OF CHARCOAL FROM CROP RESIDUALS. IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE MANRAW 1995 - (FOR 2 YEARS). GEZIRA SCHEME.GEZIRA STATE Ninety per cent of Sudan's energy requirements for cooking is provided by firewood and charcoal (biomass).The per capita consumption per yet is roughly 500 KG. In the large scale,irrigated agricultural schemes such as the Gezira scheme, 50 per cent of the households buy their firewood /charcoal needs.While the other 50 per cent gather these by themselves.Igbal Mohammed's study(l990) shows that these households have to travel as much as 1.5 Kilometers.In the Gezira as elsewhere in Sudan,women are largely responsible for fuel gathering. To supplement fuel wood supplies,households in the Gezira utilize crop residues such as cotton stalks.On the other hand,the Government discourages movement of crop residues to reduce spread of serious crop pests and diseases,thus the women are not free to gather,take home and utilize cottons stalks.Cotton stalks can replace up to 5% of the fuel wood consumption,reduce distance walked to source of firewood conserves the remaining forests and reduce women's workload.Utimately the nutritional demands (energy)to undertake stionous work would be reduced. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED : 1. Reduce women's workload,improve her health and nutritional status. 2. Replace part of fuelwood requirements of households with crop residues. 3. Reduce degredation of forest/tree resources and reduce environmental degredation. 4. Prevent spread of cotton diseases by moving only·charcoal products of cotton stalks carbonization. 80 a III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES: Concern for the nutritional status of the population,including women's is a priority issue in the National Nutrition plan of action.One strategy is to reduce the workload(labour) demands on women to conserve their energy supplies.Conservation of Sudan's natural resources,including forests and fuelwood sources,is a priority concern of the 10-year strategy for development of Sudan. Introduction of appropriate technology to ease women's workload and liberate some of her time for productive enterprise is likewise a priority goal of the government and WID proponents. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT REQUIREMENT: 1. Replace 5% of firewood consumption of Gezira households with carbonized cotton stalks thus conserving forest/tree reserves. 2. Reduce time/energy of women spend in gathering firewood. 3. Utilize cotton stalks for fuel by carbonization,on the farm,thus prevent spread of diseases. 4. Introduce a self - repaying SOllljCe of energy - sale - at - cost of carbonized stalks. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT A. OBJECTIVE: 1. Decrease women's workload and time in firewood gathering. 2. Make use of crop residues of fuel source 3. Conserve forest/tree reserves. 4. Train women how to carbonize cotton stalks. B. ACTIVITIES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Design,fabricate apporo-tech carbonization units.Map out project operation plan. Install units in strategic areas in cotton fields. Train women in cotton stalk carbonization Carbonize cotton stalks,package and sell to house-holds at­ cost or with minimal margin of profit for women's income. Document operations and results. C. SCHEDULING: 3 Blocks to be covered first year. 3 Blocks to be covered second year VI. INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND COORDINATION: The work will be a collaboration effort between NFC. Gezira scheme,energy affairs coordination secretation,GCP/SUD/047/NET and the Gezira State.Women agric development administration will monitor the progress of the project. 81 VII . INPUTS : - Donor contribution - Carbonizing units - Training materials (drums and cotton stalks) - Office stationary - Transportation cost - Operations cost VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY.COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: The Ministry of Agriculture,specifically FNC,Gezira Agricultural corporation,Agricultural Extension and the Energy Affairs Coordinating Secretariat,will collaborate to implement the project. IX.PREREQUISITES AND ASSUMPI'IONS: 1. Gezira Agricultural scheme agree to participate in the project,allocating staff and facilities for use of project, identify location of carbonization units:agree to use of cotton stalks free. 2. Women in Gezira give their concensus to participate and undertake project. 82 Ii t BUDGET OF THE PROJECT(LOAD RELIEF FOR RURAL WOMEN BY CARBONIZATION OF THE COTTON STEM). Donor Contribution - Carbonizing unit - Training materials,drums,cotton stalk - Office stationary - Transportation cost - Operational cost - other Total Government Contribution : - National staff(2 for each unit) - Training centres & facilities - Office space - Operation cost - Other Total 83 31. 000 US$ 10.000 II / 10.000 II 50.000 II 10.000 II 10.000 II 121.000 II : 5.000.000 Ls. :15.000.000 II 5.000.000 II : 4.000.000 II : 2.000.000 II :31.000.000 II TITLE I. PRBLEM DEFINITION: RESEARCH PROJECT ON PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN A AND IRON RICH FOODS AND PROMOTION OF THEIR CONSUMPTION Sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas) is an important crop throughout the tropics and temperate regions of the world.It is cultivated for its edible storage roots and foliage.It is second to potato in world root and tuber production (F.A.O. 1987). Sweet potato can make significant nutritiional contribution to the diet as food for human consumption and feed for animals.The tuberous roots and green foliage contain high amounts of nutrients excellent source of calories,high quality proteins and vitamins. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major diseases and widespread nutritional problem in developing countries. In Sudan night blindness among children due to vitapiin A deficiency has already reached an alarming level that needs quick action.Sweet potato varieties planted in Sudan are either the white-fleshed or creamy-colored types which are poor source of pro-vitamin A.The orange flesh varieties containing high levels of beta carotene(pro-vi tamin A) are not planted anywhere in Sudan. The level of carotene in the orange - fleshed varieties preferred in U .S .A. are sufficiently high to provide several days of supply of vitamin A per serving (Bouwkamp,1985). Iron deficiency causing anaemic problems is another major and widespread disease in Sudan.Iron is found in varying amounts in many vegetable crops like peas,bagdooris,girgir,lettuce,carrot, snapbeans, jews mallow, portulaea and green peppers. It is also found in Guddein (G Tenax) amounting to 7.4 mg/100 gm edible part (Omar.Ph.D Thesis.U.of K.,1991). Guddein grows under rainfed in Western Sudan.Consumption of these vegetable crops in rural areas and among displaced people is not adequate. People in rural areas need to be aware of the value of salad crops in their daily diet. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESS 1. To introduce the orange colored sweet potato cultivatars from international organizations e.g.CIP and other recognized institutes (North Caroline University) to enrich the dietary status in Sudan especially among displaced people. 2. To study Iron content of various types and varieties of snapbeans,peas,peppers,lettuce,girgir(Eruca stiva),jews mallow, bagdoonis and portulaca. 84 3. Establishment of demonstration farms of these crops in different regions of Sudan for promotion of their consumption 4. To study the storability of the orange- flesh cultivars. III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES: Research efforts on most of the above mentioned vegetable crops to increase yield through improved production techniques and breeding are minimal.With the present-status of food shortage and malnutrition, the importance of these vegetable crops for food has been realized and some research is being done on green peppers, peas and snapbeans. IV. EXPECTED END OF THE PROJECT SITUATION:- Sweet potato is an important natural resource for the tropics.In Sudan it can be grown all year round.It can be adapted to low or high technology input agricutural systemsit does not usually require high levels of inputs. It can make significant contribution to the diet and play an indispensable role as a source of food for humans and feed for animals. The orange colored types with high level of vitamin A could be a key factor in alleviating the problem of night blindness in children. Promotion and consumption of the above mentioned vegetable brops will to great extent solve the anaemic problem encountered in rural areas and among the displaced people. V. DECRIPTION OF THE WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT OBJECTIVES: a. Introduction of orange - colored sweet potato cultivars, determination of their carotene value (pro-vitamin A) and their storability using cheap methods of storage. b. Various kitchen uses of sweet potato. c. To Determine the iron content of various types and varieties of snapbeans,peas,peppers,lettuce,Girgir (Eruca Sativa) Jew Mallaw,bagdoonis,portulaca and carrot. d. Establishment of applied research on these crops in different regions of Sudan in an attempt to promote their cultivation and consumption. 85 SCHEDULING ACTIVITIES: 1st Year :- a. Communication with various international organizations e.g CFP and recognized Institutes to supply plant material for the orange flesh cultivars b. Preparation of nurseries prefrebly at Shambat Research Station, Khartoum North,where research has already been initiated. c. Introduction and evaluation of snapbean,pepper and peas varieties for iron content. d. Planting other crops e.g Girgir,Jew Mallow and Portulaca to study their iron content 2nd Year :- a. Continuation of cultural practices studies. b. Supply of sweet potato tubers for storage and quality studieft· 3rd Year :- a. Continuation of cultural practices. b. Supply of sweet potato tubers for storage and quality studies. 3. TRAINING:- a. Workshop on cultural practices,storability and uses of these vegetable crops. b. Post-graduate student to study the effect of sweet potato meals on general health of dislocated children and in preventing vitamin A deficiency. c. Fellowships for senior scientists to attend workshops and Visit International Centres Working on sweet potato e.g.CFP AVRDC. VI. INSTITIONAL ARRANAGEMENT AND CO-ORDINATION: 1. Institutes:- Sham.bat Research Station Food Research Centre University of Khartoum,Faculty of Agriculture. 2. Project Leader: Dr.Ali Khalafalla Mohamed Sham.bat Research Station P.O.Box 30,Khartoum North. 86 VII. INPUTS: i) Nursery contraction ii) Labour (3 years) iii) Plant material iv) Farm tools v) Fertilizer and Insecticides vi) Chemicals and Lab Equipment vii) Sacs and containers viii) Tution fees for 2 M.SC.students ix) Workshop and training x) Total Sudanese Dinnars 100,000 150,000 50,000 20,000 65,000 100,000 25,000 75,000 200,000 785,000 VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY.COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: The sustainability of the project is assured through demonstration farms that are executed in various regions of the country. The technical staff to execute this project is present in the government executing institutes. The Farm and basic faciliities like land preparation,irrigation ... etc will be provided by Shambat Research Staion.Most of the laboratory facilities for quality studies can be provided by the Food Research Centre. IX.PREREQUISITES AND ASSUMPTIONS: Foreign Component should be provided for procurement of planting material,laboratory,equipment,chemicals and training. 87 TITLE SECTOR AND SUB-SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION ESTABLISHMENT OF PROPER CATERING CENTRE FOR DIETETIC SERVICES IN KHARTOUM TEACHING HOSPITAL. FEDERAL MOH (NAT.NUT.DEFT & HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES). : DIETETIC UNIT IN KHARTOUM HOSPITAL. US$ 1,730,000+Ls.50,000,000 : Staff,services STARTING DATE & DURATION: 1996 - 1998 (2 YEARS). LOCATION : KHARTOUM I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: The dietetic activities in Sudan have been started since 1974 by the National Nutrition Department.The activity was first started at the paediatric units especially for malnutrition wards in a number of hospitals throughout Sudan. Since 1978 the National Nutrition Department started to establish and strengthen the nutritional services in some hospitals.Most of the dietetic cadres are graduated from the school of family science,mainly from Ahfad,Islamic and Khartoum Universities. Nutrition services in hospitals for a long time started as just providing meals for the inpatients irrespective of how to properly plan a diet.This was the main obstacle facing the newly introduced system of dietetic units in hospitals.It was the main cause that these units do not function properly. Now some improvement has been achieved and still there is need for further improvement through the establishment of this proposed catering centre. II. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: - Proper catering services in Khartoum Teaching Hospital including handling,preparation,storage and distribution. - Proper feeding programme for the different diseases. - To have a national training unit in the field of dietetic. 88 SCHEDULING OF ACTIVITIES: ACTIVITY 1.Formation of a technical steering committee from Nat.Nut.Dept & Hospital Authorities 2.Visiting Tour 3.Preparation of the plan of action of the centre 4.Development of guidelines including training manual for different levels and simple dietary sheet for patients (pamphlets) 5.Rehabilitation of the centre 6.Post-graduate training 7.Supply of all needed facilities including equipment,utensils, stationary etc. 8.Beginning of the centre activity 9.Evaluation TIME 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996/97 1996/97 1997 1997/98 1998. VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANAGEMENT & COORDINATION ACTIVITY BY WHOM 1. Steering committee Federal MOH 2. Visiting tour committee members 3. Preparation of POA " n 4. Development Of dietetic " " guidelines 5. Rehabilitation of building SUD/GOV. 6. Post-graduate training DONORS 7. Supply of needs DONORS 8. Implementation of activity Dietetic unit 9. Evaluation Committee 89 . · VI I. INPUTS : ITEMS RECURRENT COST l.Personnel U$ 5,000 2.Rehabilitation of building Ls.50,000,000 3.Equipment U$ 1,000,000 4.Utensils U$ 500,000 5.Stationay U$ 200,000 6.Visiting tour & post-graduate U$ 20,000 ?.Evaluation U$ 5,000 Total U$ 1,730,000 + Ls.50,000,000 VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIOTITY,COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: Since this type of centre is not yet available although its existence is very important. The Government will be high committed and interested in its estabishment. The dietary factors play an essential role in the treatment of non-communicable diseases . • 90 TITLE SECTOR & SUB-SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION DURATION LOCATION : IMPROVEMENT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION INFORMATION SYSTEM(F.N.I.S) in Sudan. : AGRICULTURE AND HEALTH : MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE,HEALTH, RELEIF & REHABILITATION COMMISSION METEROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT AND NGOs : 1.7 MILLION IX>LLURS 3.5 MILLION SUDANESE FOUNTS : 3 YEARS SUDAN (KHARTOUM) I.JUSTIFICATION AND PROBLEM DEFINITION: over 90% of production of basic food crops in Sudan is undertaken under rain-fed conditions.Due to variability in rainfall and related agro-metrological factors,marked flucuations in food crops output has occured in the last decades.During the period 1983/84 - 1987/88,ssuccessive years of drought led to famine conditions,social disturbances and wide spread health problems. Although the drought and variability in rainfall could not have been avoided,yet the scarcity of timely and reliable information has hampered the preparation of proper plans,and the national and international efforts to respond to the crisis more effectively. II.SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: 1) Monitoring of crop conditions through field reports,surveys, agrometrological observations and remote sensing data. 2) Preparation of advanced periodic estimates of food crops ,which serve as key elements in determining the anticipated domestic supply of food crops 3) Early quantiative assessment of regional deficits and surpluses in basic foods. 4) Health monitoring and nutrition surveillance in terms of: a. Socio-economic data b. Anthropometric data c. Morbidity of common child diseases. 5) Monitoring of important market prices,market arrivals,stocks, procurement a distribution of major food crops. 6) Monitoring of livestock population,products & prices and monitoring of pastoral conditions. 91 III.ClJRRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES - current Policy: The government policy accords high priority to: a) Increase food production to achieve self sufficiency. b) More efforts to strengthen the nutrition and food information system.Although still,what has been realized in this field is far beyond the real needs. On-going or planned projects or activities: The Early Warning Unit (EWU): An E.W.U.was established within RRC in 1987.At the beginning of the project,the unit recieved financial support from government of Norway,Sweden and Denmark.A short term assistance and a T.C.P. were provided by FAO.In 1991,a project was formulated and its implementation was to be contucted in two phases of 18 month each. For shortage of finance,only the first phase was executed and the project funding came to an end in June 1992.The project aimed at strengthening the capabilities of the unit to generate a regular flow of food information.The unit recieve secondary information from the concerned ministries and organizations. The major activities of EWU are oriented towards the following: 1) monitoring of crops conditions,and provision of pre-harvest food crops forcasts. 2) Early quantitative assessement of regional deficit and surpluses in basic food. 3) Monitoring of crops and livestock prices in main markets. 4) Demographic monitoring 5) Monitoring of donations and deliveries of releif. Primary Sources of Food and Nutrition system are: 1) Ministry of Agriculture,Natural Resources & Animal Wealth: a. Administration of Agricultural Statistics- is responsible for data collection,tabulation and publication of agricultural current statistics at the national level. b. Administration of Agriculture Economics provides data on whole sale prices of food crops and livestock in some selected markets c. Administration of Economics of livestock published data concerning number and composition of livestock,meat and eggs production and animal diseases and vetrinary health care. d. Crop Production administration submits reports identifying pests and diseases during the agricultural season. 92 ~ Iii:., i 2) Metrological Department: a) Published data on rainfall and temperature for a number of stations in different regions and their deviations from normal. b) Issues the 10 days metrological bulletin. c) Recieves and interprets relevant satallaite imigery e.g c.c.d maps and vegetation index maps. 3) Nutrition & Health Administration : a) Nutritional surveillance ( Children & their mothers nutritional status) b) Socio-economic information c) Morbidity (Childhood diseases) 4) Agricultural Development projects and the Early Warning Unit in Kordofan. region. 5) Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) national and international. IV.EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: 1) Provides advanced warning of impeding food crisis to enable the authorities to adopt preventive and reliable measures in good line 2) Provides timely and reliable information about food and nutrition situation that helps planners and decision makers to adopt and execute proper plans in the field of food and nutrition. 3) creats a strong and efficient body to coordinate the activities of all units concerned with the food and nutrition information. 4) Disseminate reliable and timely data in a simple,interesting and understandable manner. V.DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: 1) Objectives and Activities of the Project: a. Development objectives: The long term develpment objective is to achieve enhanced food security at national,regional and at household levels,through the provision of advance information on the food and nutrition situation. 93 it ·/ c) Department of Metrology: - Expand the coverage of agro-metrological data in the country. - Promote analysis of agro-metrological remote sensing data - Develop data transmisson and communication facilities. d) Early Warning Unit: Promote data analysis and data presentation & distribution. VI.INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CO-ORDINATION: One of the weakest points in the former Early Warning and Information System is the lack of co-ordination and linkage among the different units.For the proposed Nutrition and Information system a steering and technical committees should be formed from the concerned ministries and organizations. Steering Committee: This committee should be formed of high rank officials in the line ministries and organizations (Ministries of Agriculture, Health, RRC, Department of Metrology, Ministry of education, Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning,Agricultural Bank,COVA, Representative of National and International NGOs will intense activities. The main objectives of the steering committee are: 1) 2) 3) 4) To plan and follow implementation of plans on nutrition and information system. To designate participating agencies with specific responsibility to generate data sets relevant to food security. To review and make recommendations to the utilization of the existing facilities so as to serve the purpose of the project. The committee should be a permenant body. Technical Committee: A technical committee from the key technical staff in the concerned ministries and organizations should be formed with the main objectives: 1) Gives technical advice to steering committee 2) Reviews concepts and methodologies 3) Recommends improvements about standardization and rmiformity. 4) Ensure coverage and standard analytical content. 5) Improve data presentation. 95 VII.INPUTS: The financial and physical inputs are intended to the strengthen the capabilities of the main data producing units namely administration of Agric. statistics,National nutrition Department Department of Metrology and Early Warning Unit of RRc. For details see Annex I. Annex I: INPUTS (financial & physical) ITEM OR ACTIVITY A) Government Contribution: 1) Office space for all officials and consult­ ants working on the project. 2) Customs & laxes for all equipment & materials imported by the project. 3) Salaries of local permenant staff. 4) Participate with part of the existing faci­ lities in the radio units,e.g vehicles, radio,transmilters, computors. Total B) Donors Contribution : 1) Technical Advice: a.Chief technical advisor to supervise & co-ordinate all project activities. b.Consultant on com­ putor service and data analysis. DURATION ESTIMATED COST 3 years Ls. 30 Mill. 3 years Ls.200 Mill. 3 years Ls. 20 Mill. 3 years Ls.100 Mill. Ls. 350 Mill. 3 years $.150,000 12 months $. 40,000 96 I ITEM OF ACTIVITY c. A.s.F.specialist d. Agric.Statistician with special exper­ ience in modelling e. Nutritional inform­ ation specialist f. Agro-metrologist with statistical background Sub-Total (1) 2) Training: a. Internal training in the field of nutrition and information system b. Long & Meduim train­ ing. c. Short training d. Study tour Sub-Total (2) 3) Transport Facilities: a. 8 Vehicles(Toyoto, double cabinet) 4 wheel drive b. 40 Motorcycles c. 50 bycicles Sub-Total 4) Data Analysis Equip- ment: 10 PCs 4 Photocopying machines Calculators Sub-Total 5) Communication Facil­ ities: 45 radio -transmilters 6) Materials (Land-sat imigery, .. etc) 7) Stationary: 8) Running cost & Unforseen Items: Total 97 DURATION months months months months st.year & nd year of reject n n n 3 years ESTIMATED COST 20,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 tJ 2fi6,000 ----- 50,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 230,000 200,000 150,000 20,000 370,000 50,000 60,000 10,000 120,000 90,000 100,000 20,000 134,000 1,700,000 VIII.GOVERNMENT PRIORITY,COMMITMENT & PARTICIPATION: The Government in its strategic and short term plans accords food and nutrition information optimum is importance. The 4th population census has been conducted and plan to contact an agric. census are on the way. IX.PREREQUISTS AND ASSUMPTIONS: Co-ordination between the different units is very important for €. the success of the project . ........ ' ff 98 TITLE SECTOR AND SUB-SECTOR GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY DONOR CONTRIBUTION GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE & DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION: NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY FEDERAL MOH,MOA,MOE,MOSP STATISTICAL BEAURU, UNIVERSITIES. SECTORS:PHC (NUT. ),SGNED, NGOs. ALL ABOVE MENTIONED SUB­ SECTORS AT STSTE LEVEL. USO$ 1,505,000 + Ls.48 Mill. STAFF,CONSTRUCTION & SERVICES 1996/1997,FOUR ROUNDS TO COVER THE DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR ALL 26 STATES. In 1986/87 the first National Nutrition Survey was conducted in Sudan. It formulated the base 1 ine against which nutritional status at the National level it is compared.It is important to repeat the survey every 10 years to have a National view of the nutritional status especially knowing that in the first survey all the three Southern zones were not included due to security reasons. The new survey will cover as well micronutrient deficiencies prevalence,and socio-economic indicators. II.SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: - Assessment of the nutritional status of children <5 and their mothers nationally. - Prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (VAD,IDD,IDA). - Socio-economic indicators - Morbidity III.CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVANT ACTIVITIES: * HEALTH & NUTRITION STATUS: - Quarterly monitoring nutritional survey - Community - based nutrition surveillance 99 - Micro-nutrient deficiencies prevalence surveys - Growth monitoring. * Establishment of the National Technical Committee on Nutrition. * National Interministrial Committee on Food and Nutrition. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: - Update nutritional situation at the National level. - Combined information about the different nutritional deficiencies for joint intervention actions involving the different concerned sectors. - Geographic distribution of the nutritional deficiencies together with their magnitude giving opportunity for priority intervention measurses including establishment and/or strengthening of nutritional units. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT: OBJECTIVES : - To identify the nutritional status of children <5 and their mothers at the National level. - To identify the magnitude and prevalence of micro-nutrient deficiencies in the different parts of the country. OUTPUTS: - To identify the up-to date nutritional status of children <5 and their mothers at the National level. - To have a map of micro-nutrient deficiencies prevalence at National level. 100 SCHEDULING OF ACTIVITIES: ACTIVITY l.Formation of Steering Commttee from different sectors (National level) 2.Updating questionnaries & guidelines(1986/87) 3.Training 4.Round one(Data collection,data analysis & reporting) 5.Round two(refresher training, data collection,data analysis & reporting) 6.Round three (as above) 7.Round four (as above) 8.Supervision 9.Compilition of all rounds 10.Finalization,translation and printing of final survey report including a final presentation workshop. 101 DURATION 1st months 1st & 2nd months 2nd-3rd months 3rd-5th months 6th,7th,8th months 9th,10th,llth mons 12th,13th,14th" 3th - 14 th 15 th month 16th month n • ,, . . VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CO-ORDINATION : ACTIVITY 1. National Steering Committee 2. Updating questionnaires and guidelines 3. Training of field teams 4. Data collection 5. Data analysis 6. Supervision 7. Compilation od all rounds 8. Finalization,translation & printing of final survey report including the final presentation workshop. BY WHOM Federal MOH.MOA,MOE, Universities,statistica Bearu. National Steering Committee National steering Committee At state level,PHC (NUT.),SGNED,Agric. Extension,Women Associations and NGOs. PHC,Information & H.Statistic (FEDERAL) National steering Committee,State level supervisors. National Steering Committee National Steering Committee VII. INPUTS: ITEM RECURRENT COST 1- Steering Committee (10 persons) USD $ 5,000 2. Transport-Vehicle Rental + 3 velicles(project administ.) n 1 Mill 3. Maintenance & Operation Ls . 3 Mill. 4 • Personnel Ls.36 Mill. 5. stationary Ls. 3 Mill. 6. Equipment U$ 500,000 7. Training Ls. 4 Mill. 8. Data analysis,reporting,compilation and finalization including workshop Ls. 2 Mill. TOTAL U$ 1,505,000 + ,- Ls . 4,6 r Mi 11 102 ( J ~ ~· , I VIII. GOVERNMENT PRIORITY,COMMITKENT & PARTICIPATION: Since the National Nutrition survey will avail valuable information for future planning and priority programme in the field of nutrition needed for the implementation of the National Comprehensive Strategy,so the Government will be committed to the survey being conducted.The Staff involved of both levels National & State will be the responsibility of the Government. IX. PREREOUISTES AND ASSUMPTIONS: The survey should be conducted nationwide and at the same time. 103 TITLE SECTOR AND SUBSECTOR IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES DONOR CONTRIBUTION STARTING DATE AND DURATION LOCATION I. PROBLEM DEFINITION COMMUNITY IRRIGATED FARMS IN SOUTH SUDAN RURAL SECTOR,AGRICULTURAL SUBSECTOR MOWAFAQ FOUNDATION AND SUDANESE AGRICULTURAL BANK (SAB) MID 1995 AND FOR ONE YEAR MALAKAL,TORIT,JUBA,GOGRIAL,RAJA,BIBOR TOWNS OF THE SOUTH SUDAN. Around 1.4 million people in Southern Sudan have been recieving relief food aid for the last six years. This is due to the regional conflicts affecting large areas of the South. Many attempts were carried trying to help returneese and displaced people to produce their own food by supporting rainfed agriculture. Local Governments,Peace and Development Corporation,UNICEF and NGOs have contributed substantally to this programme. This programme has achieved limited success due to security measures limiting movement of farmers and the limited secure land for farming.Another major limiting factor was the inconsistancy in rain distribution around towns and villages as well as birds attacks. It was also observed that food produced under these conditions hardly suffice for three months ie. December, January and February. During the rest period of the year ie. March to July hardly there is any source of food except waiting for relief aid which many times failed to reach at the right time. This project proposes an intervention to close the "hunger gap" by supporting community pump irrigated farms, for growing of cereals,root crops and legumes. This package was tried by Mowafaq Foundation in Juba town and showed great satisfaction by local community. Mowafaq Foundation is the coordinating organization within national NGOs in the field of Agriculture and Rural Development programmes. 104 ' 11. SPECIFIC ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED : - Availing of water pumps (diesel operated water current,solar and triddle pumps)and fuel at reasonable financing terms. Study of a proper crop rotation for these farms according to locations and formation of local production groups - Agriculture extension programme to increase awarness among farmers - Development of marketing channels ie.agreement with Peace and Development Foundation trading company. III. CURRENT POLICY AND RELEVENT ACTIVITIES: The agriculture sector strategy of Sudan gives priority concern for increasing food production with special emphasis on the small farmers to achieve food security at different parts of the country.This project help them to come back to their normal pattern of life and eleminate gradually aid dependency. IV. EXPECTED END OF PROJECT SITUATION: The ultimate objective of the project is to set a typical example of a community operated programmes of food security through continuous farming during the dry period of the South. This pattern will be extended to other towns and cities of the South in the years to come as the project pays back its' cost. With this in sight food security will be achieved. V. DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT 1. OBJECTIVE - To develop a proper crop rotation to meet the feeding and economic needs of local community. OUTPUT Have a model for farming with peoples' participation in the study and implementation of the project 2. OBJECTIVE - To study reasonable irrigation system OUTPUT - People choosing an efficient method of irrigation (ie.diesel engines solar,current turbines,triddles or bucket). 105 r 3. OBJECTIVE - To develop a reasonable production and marketing channel OUTPUT - Formation of farmers cooperatives and agreements with national trading companies for marketing of produce. VI. SCHEDLULING OF ACTIVITY NO. ACTIVITY 1. Formation of a national steering committee and regional sub-committees 2. Formation of farmers unions and cooperatives 3. Development of a farming rotation 4. Procurement of pumps,fuels and ex.tension aids 5. Land Preparation and execution of programmes 6. Training on proper farming practices (including production,storage and marketing) . 7. Assessment of programme and writing of final report 106 DURATION lst.month 1st and 2nd months 1st and 2nd months 1st and 3rd months 2nd to 12th month 2nd to 12th month 9th - 12th month VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND COORDINATION No. ACTIVITY 1. Steering committees a.National B.Regional 2. Formation of farmers Unions and cooperatives 3. Development of farming Rotation 4. Procurement of inputs 5. Land Preparation and execution of programmes 6. Training 7. Assessment VIII. INPUTS NO. ITEM 1. Personnel and steering 2. Stationary committee 3. Agric.Extension equipment 4. Extension and training program 5. Seeds and hand tools 6. Pumps (100) 7. Fuel NOTE: PARTICIPANT Donor,NGOs,SAB, Ministry of Agric. NGOs,Local groups NGOs Ministry of Agric. NGOs. Donor,SAB NGOs,Farmers cooperatives NGOs,Farmers Cooper­ atives,Ministry of Agric. Donor,NGOs,Ministry of Agric.,Local groupE RECURRENT COST USD 5,000 n 200,000 n 60,000 "1,500,000 n 500,000 n 600,000 3,500,000 -- - - - l,3 l !.. c- c; a Items 5,6 and 7 are rebatable to revolve in this project for coming years under the financial supervision of the Sudanese Agricultural Bank. 107 • • THIS DOCUMENT IS PREPARED BY THE FOLLOWING NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION INTERSECTORAL COMMITTEE: 1. MINISTRY OF HEALTH: NATIONAL NUTRITION DEPT:(ICN FOCAL POINT) a.Dr.KAMAL AHMED MOHD,DIRECTOR. b.Mrs.ALAWIA EL AMIN,DEPUTY DIRECTOR c.Mrs.Igbal A/MAGEED,SENIOR NUTRITIONIST 2. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE : a.Dr.A/RAZIG EL BASHER,DIRECTOR,AGRICULTURE PLANNING DEPT. b.Dr.HASSAN EL SHEIKH, DIRECTOR AGRICULTUREAL STATISTICS DEPT. c.Dr.ALI DINAR,ANIMAL WEALTH 3. MINISTRY OF FINANCE & ECONOMIC PLANNING a.Mrs.LEILA OMER,DIRECTOR,FOOD SECURITY UNIT. 4. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH a. ISAM MOHAMMED A/RAHIM,SGNED 5. UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM: jJ PROF.ABDEL GADIR KHATTAB,FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE,SAMBAT . ICN NPOAN NCS MOH MOA MOE MOSP MOL MOINFORM SGNED Agric. Nat.Nut. Dept. AR! CDD EPI IDD VAD IDA PEM BF NGOs UN FAO WHO UNHCR UNDP LAB Associ PHC Fae RRC EPR MANRAW RRA KAP NCL SUD H.H MCI SERISS ABBREVIATIONS International Conference on Nutrition National Plan of Action for Nutrition National Comprehensive Strategy Ministry of Health Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Education Ministry of Social Planning Ministry of Labour Ministry of Information School Gardening & Nutrition Education Department Agriculture National Nutrition Department Acute Respiratory Infection Control Diarrhoeal Disease Expansion Programme of Immunization Iodine Deficiency Disorders Vitmin A Deficiency Iron Deficiency Anaemia Protein-Energy Malnutriton Breast Feeding Non-Governmental Organizations United Nation Food & Agriculture Organization World Health Organization United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees United Nation Development Programme Laboratory Association Primary Health Care Faculty Rehabilitation & Relief Commission Emergency Prepardness & Response Ministry of Agriculture,Natural Resources & Animal Wealth. Rapid Rural Appraisal Knowledge Attitude & Practices National Chemical Laboratories Sudan Household Ministry of Culture & Information Sudan Emergency,Recovery Information & Surveillance System.