Ministerial Order no 005/24/10/TC establishing land use and development master plan of Huye District

Umwaka wa 63 Igazeti ya Leta n° Idasanzwe yo ku wa 26/09/2024 Year 63 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 63ème Année Journal Officiel n° Spécial du 26/09/2024 Ibirimo/Summary/Sommaire page/urup Iteka rya Minisitiri/ Ministerial Order/ Arrêté Ministériel Iteka rya Minisitiri no 005/24/10/TC ryo ku wa 22/08/2024 rishyiraho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye....................................2 Ministerial Order no 005/24/10/TC of 22/08/2024 establishing land use and development master plan of Huye District......................................................................................................2 Arrêté Ministériel no 005/24/10/TC du 22/08/2024 établissant le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye....................................................2 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 1 ITEKA RYA MINISITIRI N° 005/24/10/TC RYO KU WA 22/08/2024 RISHYIRAHO IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA HUYE ISHAKIRO Ingingo ya mbere: Ishyirwaho Ingingo ya 2: Ibigize igishushanyo mbonera Ingingo ya 3: Itangazwa Ingingo ya 4: Igihe igishushanyo mbonera kimara Ingingo ya 5: Ivugururwa Ingingo ya 6: Ingingo y’ururimi Ingingo ya 7: Gutangira gukurikizwa MINISTERIAL ORDER N° 005/24/10/TC OF 22/08/2024 ESTABLISHING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF HUYE DISTRICT TABLE OF CONTENTS Article One: Establishment Article 2: Composition Article 3: Publication Article 4: Period of validity Article 5: Revision Article 6: Language provision Article 7: Entry into force ARRÊTÉ MINISTÉRIEL N° 005/24/10/TC DU 22/08/2024 ÉTABLISSANT LE SHEMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE HUYE TABLE DES MATIÈRES Article premier: Établissement Article 2: Composition Article 3: Publication Article 4: Période de validité Article 5: Révision Article 6: Disposition linguistique Article 7: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 2 ITEKA RYA MINISITIRI N° 005/24/10/TC RYO KU WA 22/08/2024 RISHYIRAHO IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA HUYE Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi; Ashingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda; Ashingiye ku Itegeko n° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo ya 59; Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye ku wa 11/09/2023 imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; ATEGETSE: Ingingo ya mbere: Ishyirwaho Hashyizweho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye. MINISTERIAL ORDER N° 005/24/10/TC OF 22/08/2024 ESTABLISHING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF HUYE DISTRICT The Minister of Finance and Economic Planning; Pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda; Pursuant to Law no 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 governing land, especially in Article 59; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet, in its meeting of 11/09/2023; ORDERS: Article One: Establishment The land use and development master plan of Huye District is established. ARRÊTÉ MINISTÉRIEL N° 005/24/10/TC DU 22/08/2024 ÉTABLISSANT LE SHEMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE HUYE Le Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda ; Vu la Loi nº 27/2021 du 10/06/2021 portant régime foncier, spécialement en son article 59; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres, en sa séance du 11/09/2023; ARRÊTE: Article premier: Établissement Il est établit le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 3 Ingingo ya 2: Ibigize igishushanyo mbonera Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye, kigizwe n’ibi bikurikira: (a) raporo rusange y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka cy’Akarere; (b) amakuru ndangahantu y’igishushanyo mbonera; (c) amabwiriza agenga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo. Ingingo ya 3: Itangazwa (1) Raporo rusange y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye iri ku mugereka w’iri teka. (2) Amakuru ndangahantu y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’akarere ka Huye n’amabwiriza agenga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo bitangazwa ku rubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga rwagenwe n’urwego rufite imicungire Article 2: Composition The District land use and development master plan of Huye District is composed of the following: (a) the main report of the District land use and development master plan; (b) zoning plan; (c) zoning regulations. Article 3: Publication (1) The main report of the land use and development master plan of Huye District is annexed to this Order. (2) The zoning plan and zoning regulations of the land use and development master plan of Huye District are published on the website designated by the organ in charge of land use management. Article 2: Composition Le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye est composé de ce qui suit: (a) le rapport général du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District; (b) le plan de zonage; (c) le règlement de zonage. Article 3: Publication (1) Le rapport général du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye est annexé au présent arrêté. (2) Le plan de zonage et le règlement de zonage du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye sont publiés sur le site web désigné par l’organe ayant l’utilisation et la gestion des terres dans ses attributions. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 4 n’imikoreshereze by’ubutaka mu nshingano. Ingingo ya 4: Igihe igishushanyo mbonera kimara Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye gikurikizwa kugeza mu 2050. Ingingo ya 5: Ivugururwa (1) Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye gishobora kuvugururwa cyose nyuma y’imyaka icumi cyangwa ikindi gihe bibaye ngombwa uhereye ku munsi gishyiriweho. (2) Ivugururwa ry’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye rishobora kandi gukorwa rireba agace gato igihe bibaye ngombwa bitabangamiye iterambere ry’utundi duce kandi hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Ingingo ya 6: Ingingo y’ururimi Iri teka ryateguwe mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. Article 4: Period of validity The land use and development master plan of Huye District is implemented until 2050. Article 5: Revision (1) The land use and development master plan of Huye District may be comprehensively reviewed after ten years or whenever considered necessary from the date of its establishment. (2) The revision of land use and development master plan of Huye District may also be done on a specific area, when considered necessary, without compromising the development of other areas in accordance with relevant laws. Article 6: Language provision This Order was drafted in Ikinyarwanda. Article 4: Période de validité Le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye est mis en œuvre jusqu’en 2050. Article 5: Révision (1) Le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye peut être entièrement révisé après dix ans ou chaque fois que cela est jugé nécessaire à partir du jour de son établissement. (2) La révision du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye peut également être effectuée sur une zone spécifique, en cas de besoin, sans compromettre le développement des autres zones conformément à la législation en la matière. Article 6: Disposition linguistique Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en Ikinyarwanda. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 5 Ingingo ya 7: Gutangira gukurikizwa Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Agaciro karyo gahera ku wa 11/09/2023. Article 7: Entry into force This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. It takes effect as of 11/09/2023. Article 7: Entrée en vigueur Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Il prend ses effets à partir du 11/09/2023. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 6 Kigali, 22/08/2024 (sé) MURANGWA Yusuf Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Minister of Finance and Economic Planning Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 7 UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA RYA MINISITIRI N° 005/24/10/TC RYO KU WA 22/08/2024 RISHYIRAHO IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA HUYE ANNEX TO MINISTERIAL ORDER N° 005/24/10/TC OF 22/08/2024 ESTABLISHING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF HUYE DISTRICT ANNEXE À L’ARRÊTÉ MINISTÉRIEL N° 005/24/10/TC DU 22/08/2024 ÉTABLISSANT LE SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE HUYE IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA HUYE THE LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF HUYE DISTRICT E SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE HUYE Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 8 HUYE 2023-2050 District Land Use Plan 2023 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 9 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 i Report Title Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 - 2050 Project title Huye District Land Use Plan Report Owner Huye District District Council Approval 24th September 2021 Cabinet Approval 11th September 2023 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 10 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 ii TABLE OF CONTENT Table of Content ........................................................................................................................... ii List of Maps .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables............................................................................................................................... vii List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... x 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of Huye District Land Use Plan .................................................................. 1 1.2 Scope and Objective(s) .................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Objective(s) .............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 District description .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Geographical location of the District ....................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Hydrography............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 Soil and erosion ........................................................................................................ 5 1.3.4 Topography .............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.5 Climate and Rainfall................................................................................................. 6 1.3.6 Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3.7 District SWOT Analysis........................................................................................... 7 2 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 15 2.1 Policies .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Laws & Regulations ...................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Guidelines ...................................................................................................................... 16 3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Consultation ................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.1 Consultation at Sector and District level ................................................................ 18 3.1.2 Consultation with national stakeholders ................................................................ 20 3.2 Data collection ............................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 Spatial data collection ............................................................................................ 21 3.2.2 Non-spatial data collection ..................................................................................... 22 3.3 Data analysis .................................................................................................................. 22 3.4 Report compilation ........................................................................................................ 23 4 HUYE LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING.............................................. 24 4.1 Visioning and Economic Specialization ........................................................................ 24 4.1.1 Visioning ................................................................................................................ 24 4.1.2 Economic Specialization ........................................................................................ 24 4.2 Population, Urbanization, Settlement and Housing (PUSH) ......................................... 24 4.2.1 Population............................................................................................................... 24 4.2.2 Urbanization and Settlement .................................................................................. 28 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 11 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 iii 4.2.3 Urban Design.......................................................................................................... 37 4.2.4 Housing .................................................................................................................. 44 4.3 Transportation ................................................................................................................ 47 4.3.1 Existing situation of road network in Huye District .............................................. 47 4.3.2 Existing situation .................................................................................................... 47 4.3.3 Planning perspectives ............................................................................................. 48 4.4 Public facilities and services ......................................................................................... 50 4.4.1 Education facilities ................................................................................................. 50 4.4.2 Healthcare facilities ................................................................................................ 57 4.5 Public utilities ................................................................................................................ 61 4.5.1 Power supply .......................................................................................................... 61 4.5.2 Water supply .......................................................................................................... 63 4.6 Agriculture and Livestock ............................................................................................. 65 4.6.1 Agriculture ............................................................................................................. 65 4.6.2 Livestock ................................................................................................................ 70 4.7 Environment and Natural Resources ............................................................................. 71 4.7.1 Forestry................................................................................................................... 71 4.7.2 Swamplands ........................................................................................................... 73 4.7.3 Water bodies ........................................................................................................... 74 4.7.4 Mining .................................................................................................................... 74 4.7.5 Green Urbanization ................................................................................................ 76 4.7.6 Waste Management ................................................................................................ 77 4.7.7 Storm water Management ...................................................................................... 78 4.8 Tourism and Conservation ............................................................................................ 79 4.9 Economic development ................................................................................................. 91 4.9.1 National Context on Economic Development ........................................................ 91 4.9.2 Employment situation ............................................................................................ 92 5 HUYE DISTRICT LAND USE.......................................................................................... 98 5.1 Land use balance sheet .................................................................................................. 98 5.1.1 Existing District Land Use ..................................................................................... 98 5.1.2 Planned Land Use Balance sheet. .......................................................................... 99 6 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK.......................................................................... 101 6.1 Existing laws enforcement .......................................................................................... 101 6.2 The new hierarchy structure of planning ..................................................................... 102 6.3 Legal and institutional framework ............................................................................... 104 6.4 Phasing plan ................................................................................................................. 106 6.4.1 Construction permits based on phasing plan. ....................................................... 107 6.4.2 Community approach ........................................................................................... 108 7 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING........................................................................... 109 7.1 Land readjustment (detailed physical plans) ............................................................... 110 7.2 Zoning plan and regulations ........................................................................................ 110 7.2.1 Objective of the Zoning Plan and Regulations..................................................... 110 7.2.2 Zoning Plan .......................................................................................................... 110 7.2.3 The three categories of uses that are tabulated by Zoning Regulations ............... 111 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 12 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 iv 7.2.4 Principle guiding the zoning requirements........................................................... 112 7.2.5 Identification of zoning categories for Huye DLUP ............................................ 115 8 REFERENCE .................................................................................................................... 127 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 13 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 v LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Administrative map of Huye District- Source: NISR, 2012 ........................................................... 5 Map 2: Huye City master plan 2050 .......................................................................................................... 29 Map 3: Arreté-Kinazi rurban land use plan 2050. ..................................................................................... 30 Map 4: Land use and boundary map for Rusatira Rurban ......................................................................... 31 Map 5: Karambi rurban land use plan 2050- Source: NLA 2022 .............................................................. 32 Map 6: Map of Huye District rural settlement sites-Source: NLA, 2021 .................................................. 34 Map 7: Road network in Huye District-Source: Huye District Data 2021 ................................................ 49 Map 8: Huye transmission and distribution network ................................................................................. 62 Map 9: Existing forest cover in Huye District ........................................................................................... 72 Map 10: Key touristic zone areas in Huye District map ............................................................................ 88 Map 11: Land use allocation in Huye DLUP 2023-2050 .......................................................................... 99 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 14 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Consultation with Huye District Economic Commission .......................................................... 19 Figure 2: Consultation with Huye local administration (Sector & Cell level) .......................................... 19 Figure 3: Consultations with local community. ......................................................................................... 20 Figure 4: Consultative meetings with technical advisory group. .............................................................. 21 Figure 5: Planning steps used during elaboration and review of Huye DLUP 2023-2050 ....................... 23 Figure 6: Change of rural population to urban in Huye District by 2035 and 2050 .................................. 28 Figure 7: Spatial distribution of IDP model village in Huye District. ....................................................... 36 Figure 8: Design efficient and pedestrian-friendly streets, Plan Efficient Green Spaces1-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021........................................................................................................................................ 38 Figure 9: Design efficient and pedestrian-friendly streets, Plan Efficient Green Spaces2-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021........................................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 10: Design efficient and pedestrian-friendly streets, Plan Efficient Green Spaces3-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021. ....................................................................... 39 Figure 11: Sports park and heritage design- Source: Huye SC master plan 2021 ..................................... 40 Figure 12: Heritage Gardens-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021 ............................................................ 40 Figure 13: Huye market and Arab Street Redevelopment- Source: Huye SC master plan 2021. ............. 41 Figure 14: Integrate transport and land development. ............................................................................... 41 Figure 15: Swampland Park ...................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 16: Huye urban design-Source: Huye SC Master Plan 2021 ......................................................... 42 Figure 17: Huye urban design-Source: Huye SC Master Plan 2021 ......................................................... 43 Figure 18: Map indicating the country dense road network coverage-Source: NLA data 2022. .............. 47 Figure 19: Crop suitability map in Huye District ...................................................................................... 68 Figure 20: Tourists exploring a visiting site. ............................................................................................. 81 Figure 21: Rwanda cultural tourism map - Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 ............................................... 91 Figure 22: Employment by branch of economic activity in Huye District, RLFS 2022 ........................... 93 Figure 23: The new hierarchy of land use planning in Rwanda-Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 ............ 103 Figure 24: DLUP Implementation phasing. ............................................................................................ 106 Figure 25: Implementation plan of Huye city Master Plan ..................................................................... 107 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 15 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Huye District urban-rurban settlement sites ................................................................................. xii Table 2: Brief description of Huye District ................................................................................................. 4 Table 3: Huye DLUP SWOT analysis ....................................................................................................... 14 Table 4: Huye District population for the years 2012 and 2022................................................................ 25 Table 5: Huye District population growth according to NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines ....................... 27 Table 6: Huye District rural settlement sites per Sector ............................................................................ 34 Table 7: Rural settlement sites and ruban centers compliance with NLUDMP ........................................ 37 Table 8: Housing typologies and settlement types for Huye secondary city ............................................. 45 Table 9: Population projection and possible households by 2050 in Huye District .................................. 46 Table 10: Area size and Dwelling Unit per residential type ...................................................................... 46 Table 11: Classification of Huye Districts Roads under development ...................................................... 48 Table 12: Proposed Categories Road width per road category for 2050 ................................................... 49 Table 13: Road width per road category ................................................................................................... 50 Table 14: Huye District education and supporting infrastructures ............................................................ 51 Table 15: % distribution of HHs population above 6yrs by the highest education level attained ............. 52 Table 16: Number of schools at district level, classrooms, and desk at different school levels in Huye District. ...................................................................................................................................................... 52 Table 17: Status of Huye District schools. ................................................................................................ 53 Table 18: the required number of schools in the District .......................................................................... 55 Table 19: the required number of primary schools in the District ............................................................. 55 Table 20: the required number of secondary schools in the District ......................................................... 56 Table 21: Land size requirement per school category-Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 ............................. 57 Table 22: Status of Healthcare Facilities in Huye District- Source: Huye District, 2021 ......................... 58 Table 23: Health status in Huye District-Source: DHS5-Southern Province 2014-2015 .......................... 60 Table 24: Electricity demand projection ................................................................................................... 63 Table 25: Water consumption between urban and rural areas ................................................................... 64 Table 26: List of M.C.C operating in Huye District .................................................................................. 71 Table 27: Tourism segment by 2050 ......................................................................................................... 81 Table 28: Tourism segment by 2050 ......................................................................................................... 82 Table 29: Tourism potential in Huye District ............................................................................................ 85 Table 30: Typology of Culture and Heritage sites-Source Huye District, 2020 ........................................ 90 Table 31: Employment projection in Huye District by 2050 .................................................................... 94 Table 32: Production capacity of light industries in Huye District and main challenges. ......................... 96 Table 33: Huye District existing land uses ................................................................................................ 98 Table 34: Land Use Allocation for Huye District 2020-2050-Source: NLA spatial data analysis, 2021 100 Table 35: Land Use Allocation for Huye District 2020-2050. ................................................................ 100 Table 36: Key Stakeholder Institutional framework for the Land Use and Development Plan Implementation-Source: Huye District, 2021 .......................................................................................... 105 Table 37: Land Use and Zoning Classification ....................................................................................... 126 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 16 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 viii LIST OF ACRONYMS BPMIS: Building Permitting Management Information system BRT: Bus Rapid Transit CCP: Continuous Compliant Planning (CCP) DDS: District Development Strategy DHS: Demographic and Health Survey, DLUP: District Land Use Plan DU: Dwelling Unit EDPRS: Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment ENR: Environment and natural resources GDP: Gross Domestic Product GDP: Gross Domestic Product GGCRS: Green Growth and Climate Resilient Strategy GGGI: Global Green Growth Institute GIS: Geographic Information System GoR: Government of Rwanda GPS: Geographic Positioning System HH: House Hold HIC: Higher Income Country ICT: Information Communication and Technology IDP: Integrated Development Program LED: Local Economic Development LUCA: Land Use Category LUDP: Local Urban Development Plan MCC: Milk Collection Center MDGs: Millennium Development Goals NLUDMP: National Land Use and Development Master Plan NSTI: National Strategic Transformation PHC4: Rwanda Population and Housing Census PUSH: Population Urbanization Settlement and Housing RAB: Rwanda Agriculture Board RDB: Rwanda Development Board REMA: Rwanda Environment Management Authority Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 17 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 ix RHA: Rwanda Housing Authority RLMUA: Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority RTDA: Rwanda Transport Development Agency SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals SME: Small and Medium Enterprise SUDS: Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems TTC: Teacher Training College TVET: Technical and Vocational Education and Training UMIC: Upper Middle-Income Country UR: University of Rwanda WASAC: Water and Sanitation Corporation Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 18 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Huye DLUP 2023-2050 is one of the most prioritized plans that guides the district development towards efficient land use planning and management while being aligned and complying with NLUDMP 2020-2050. It is a District spatial development plan that is structured around the following thematic areas: o Population, Urbanization, Settlements, and Housing (PUSH). o Spatial Economy (Employment, manufacturing, industry, mining). o Agriculture. o Environment and Natural Resources (land, forestry, water resource, mining resource, climate change, environment). o Tourism and Conservation. o Transportation o Infrastructure - Public Utilities (Water, Energy, ICT) o Public Services (Health, Education, Public Administration, Religious, Recreational facilities, etc) o Implementation, Compliance, and Monitoring strategy and guidelines. The first version of Huye DLUP that was adopted was that of 2013-2018 and Huye District Urban Development Plan 2012. After conducting an assessment and evaluation on implementation of different District land use plans by NLA jointly with key stakeholders, it was found that Huye DLUP was not in harmony with the Vision 2050, NLUDMP, NST1, the Law No 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 Governing Land in Rwanda, the new Secondary City and satellite cities approach, Green Growth Policies, and sector databases provided by national authority custodians. In addition, the first version of Huye DLUP 2013-2018 had been outdated as it was implementing EDPRS II and NLUDMP 2010-2020, hence the need to review it as the way to comply with the NLUDMP 2020-2050. The review and elaboration of Huye DLUP was conducted by the Huye District in close collaboration with National land Authority (NLA) and other potential stakeholders including Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) and experts from Lantmateriet Project. Generally, in densely populated countries like Rwanda where there is a shortage of land, land users are in permanent competitions and conflicts. Therefore, a determined solution for the allocation of land, in both short and long run, can be achieved through economic and spatial considerations. Hence, the main target of Huye DLUP 2023-2050 is to find the best land-use Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 19 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 xi balance sheet based on spatial and economic analysis as instructed by the National Land Use and Development Master Plan 2020-2050. The total land area for Huye District is 581.5 SqKm to be allocated for various future uses including agriculture, forestry, water bodies, Swampland and buffers, settlement etc. Land allocated for agriculture use in Huye District in 2050 is 274.58 SqKm, which is 47.089 % of District land size. Residential including urban and rural settlements: 66.10 SqKm, which equals to 11.336%, Forest 130.14 SqKm which equals to 22.31%, Swamplands and Swampland buffers 45.7 SqKm making 7.8% of District land size according to District Land Use Balance sheet etc. Huye DLUP 2023-2050 for the period 2023-2050 will encompass various land consumers, including agriculture lands, conditional agriculture in Swamplands, and grassland for livestock, forest plantations, urban areas, rurban settlements, rural settlements, industry, roads, and airfields. The category of settlements contains secondary land users: housing, commerce & trade, public services, and financial & business services, open spaces, parks & sports, tourism, urban farming, urban forest, industrial parks, infrastructure utilities, streets, etc. and other urban environmental constraints. The proposed balance sheet attains equilibrium by effectively distributing resources across Natural resources, Arable lands, Built-up areas, and Roads, ensuring a balanced and sustainable approach. Agricultural land in Huye District will continue to play a dual role for creating income and foreign currency through the export of agricultural products and in producing food for the local population. Given the shortage of land for Huye District as the key country challenge, a central question to be asked is whether it is possible to feed the population which is expected to grow from 365,889 in 2020 to 979,500 in 2050 (30 years from now) given the limited arable land. It is the central question that this report addresses. An affirmative answer is dependent on the following conditions: ● The existing agricultural land would be protected against scattered housing and degradation due to soil erosion and improper management along the period of 2023-2050. ● All means will be taken to improve agricultural productivity and crops' yields: farmland consolidation, irrigation projects, drainage projects, construction of terraces on hills' Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 20 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 xii slopes; instruction for farmers, agricultural education, research, and development at the regional level. ● Most of all, climate-resilient options should be implemented, such as improved bench terraces, agroforestry, improved seeds, drainage, irrigation on the hillside, and marshlands. ● The efforts for agricultural development should concentrate on the best suitable land for agriculture. The plan guides the future Huye District settlement by the following principles: ● The main area of Huye city covering 69 Km2, with an expected urban population of 302,500 by 2050 and 550,000 by 2050. ● 3 Rurban settlements were proposed for Huye District that will continue to be developed namely Arrete-Kinazi, Rusatira and Karambi as well as a part of Save/Gisagara rurban with an expected population of 73,971 by 2050 while covering 12,644 Km2. ● 159 Rural settlements covering 49.12 Km2, with the population of 190,000 by 2050. S/N Urban Rurban Areas & Rural Settlement Sitse Sectors Area (KM2) 1 Huye City Ngoma,Tumba, Mukura, Mbazi, Huye 59.52 2 Arrete-Kinazi Kinazi 3.58 3 Rusatira Rusatira, Kinazi 3.85 4 Karambi Kigoma 1.42 5 Save (Huye part) Ruhashya 1.11 6 Rural Settlement Sites 118 14 Sectors 49.12 Total area 125.6 Table 1: Huye District urban-rurban settlement sites ● Future Transportation will provide the following components as guided by NLUDMP 2020-2050: ✔ National Road, 22m from the center line. ✔ District road class1, 12m from center line ✔ District roads class2, 12 m from center line. ✔ Other roads (Sector roads, Cell roads, feeder roads), 12 m from center line; Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 21 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 xiii ● In order to avoid settlement sprawl, no rural settlement site should be allowed in less than 2 Km from Huye Secondary City; ● Private forests of less than 0.5 Ha are not planned as forest as they can be removed at any time by their owners without asking for permission. (Article 39 of Law No 47bis/2013 of 28/06/2013 Determining the Management and Utilization of Forests in Rwanda); ● Swamps should be protected from buildings by a buffer zone of 20 meters (Article 42 of Law No 48/2018 of 12/08/2018 on Environment); ● Some rivers must be protected with a ten (10) meter buffer zone from the furthest reaches of successive floodwater while other rivers have to be protected with a five (5) meter buffer zone from the furthest reaches of successive floodwater. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 22 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF HUYE DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN Aligned with the Government of Rwanda’s Vision 2050, there exists an ambitious objective to propel urbanization forward while concurrently augmenting the average annual growth rates of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the GDP per capita. The realization of this vision promises Rwandan citizens a heightened quality of life, characterized by robust social protection measures, enhanced healthcare services, effective disaster risk reduction strategies, and bolstered food security initiatives. Integral to this vision is the strategic development of urban infrastructure, harmonized with efforts aimed at biodiversity conservation, thereby mitigating citizens’ vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change. Aligned with Rwanda’s aspirations to elevate the economy to an upper middle-income status by 2035, targeting a GDP per Capita of $4,035, and ultimately transitioning to a high-income economy by 2050, characterized by a GDP per Capita of $12,476, fostering food security, and nurturing a knowledge-based economy, underscores the imperative for optimal land utilization. Rwanda encompasses a land area of approximately 26,338 km2, inclusive of water bodies. The population stood at around 13.2 million as of 2022, experiencing a growth rate of nearly 2.3 percent annually. Urbanization is on the rise at a rate of 7.5 percent, while agricultural production constitutes over 36.7 percent of export earnings. Over the past twenty-five years, the demand for land in Rwanda has intensified, primarily due to the repatriation of Rwandan refugees from various nations. Addressing the settlement needs of this population received significant emphasis, leading to the subdivision of land and economic rehabilitation efforts. This dynamic is compounded by Rwanda’s inherently rugged terrain and rapid population expansion. Urbanization stands out as a pivotal catalyst for economic advancement, and in line with Vision 2050, the Rwandan government is committed to accelerating urban development while bolstering average annual GDP growth and per capita GDP. Huye District approved its District Land Use Plan version 2014, and District Local Urban Development Plan (LUDP) of 2015. These tools guided land development throughout the district while implementing the National Land Use and Development Master Plan 2010-2020, vision 2020 and EDPRS II. Since 2018, the government of Rwanda has engaged in reviewing the National Land Use and Development Master Plan 2010-2020 under which the assessment and evaluation on its implementation conducted in 2016-2017 indicated some bottlenecks that raised the urgent need Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 23 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 2 to update it. The newly reviewed and updated National Land Use and Development Master Plan 2050 that was approved by the Cabinet in July 2020 has the overall objective of finding solutions for those issues identified and generating specific guidelines for implementation and primarily to design a new and updated spatial structure for the nation. All settlements, urban, rural, big or small, including Kigali and the group of secondary cities, are part of the national spatial puzzle. According to the directives of the NLUDMP 2020-2050, each sector, which has a spatial dimension and requirement for land allocations for the sectoral activities, is recommended to update its master plan and strategies following NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines. All land requirements are explicitly aligned with the national plan on the one hand and based on quantitative programs for its operations. NLUDMP 2020-2050, further still proposes the district land use plans cluster, a new concept of District Land Use Plans. This concept has the advantage of build-in compliance by simultaneous preparation of a package of plans at the district level and Kigali City Level. The District Land Use Plan Cluster includes urban and rural zoning plans. It is detailing at the same time District level zones (DLUP) by integrating urban land use zoning (cities and rurban centers) and rural zoning which includes mainly the entire Imidugudu complex, agriculture zones, forestry and infrastructures in the district. The District Land Use Plan cluster should comply with green principles and climate resilient strategies to become a District green land use plan. Elaboration of any master plan in the district should be done as one package of Local Urban and Rural areas plans together to form integration at the district level. The product will be One District Detailed Zoning Map with zoning regulations, useful for cadastral, construction permitting systems and for further local detailed physical planning. With enforcement and smart permitting services, this type of planning will play a big role in eliminating the settlement sprawl, thus increasing consolidation. In Huye District, as well as in all other districts, it is imperative to establish a statutory phasing of implementation for each land-use plan. The leading idea in phasing is Tiling, which prevents random or remote locations of development. Each new phase must be attached to the previous stage geometrically. A five years’ phase is recommended to be used by all district land use plans and Kigali City master plan. The revision of Huye DLUP 2023-2050 has been done in the framework of aligning and complying with the NLDUMP 2020-2050. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 24 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 3 1.2 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE(S) 1.2.1 Scope The scope of this assignment of elaborating, reviewing, and updating Huye DLUP focuses on the entire District, making up both urban and rural components. Huye DLUP has a planning horizon of 2023-2050, with a halfway 2035. It is elaborated for the entire District and covers all thematic areas for which land size is allocated for attainment of sectoral development; but focusing on the rurbans and rural components. 1.2.2 Objective(s) The main objective of Huye District Land Use Cluster is to implement and comply with the NLUDMP 2020-2050 enabling rational land utilization and management as well as sustainable rural development integrating the rural land use planning as a new component introduced by the updated NLUDMP 2020-2050. The specific objectives of Huye DLUP Cluster are the following: 1. To allow incremental development of commercial and mixed-use buildings following the investment capacity of investors and developers but in respect of clear guidelines; 2. To integrate Micro-Enterprise Zones in housing areas, mixed with social infrastructure and green open spaces; 3. To ensure reduction of zones dedicated to single family housing, promotion of densification with incentives to modify building typologies and densities; 4. To facilitate vertical and horizontal incremental development, allowing phased construction of mixed use, residential or commercial buildings; 5. To promote upgrading and or redevelopment in high land value areas where land pooling approach will be effective due to cross financing mechanism; 6. To preserve more parts of Agricultural Land by encouraging land consolidation even in Rural Areas; 7. To provide for the preservation of desirable open space, historic related resources, water resources, Swamplands, forests, and other environmentally important lands 8. To facilitate adequate provisions for community utilities and facilities such as transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 25 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 4 1.3 DISTRICT DESCRIPTION 1.3.1 Geographical location of the District Huye District is one of the eight districts comprising the Southern Province of Rwanda. The district borders four Districts; Nyanza in the North, Gisagara in the East and South, Nyaruguru in the Southwest, and Nyamagabe in the Northwest. Moreover, the District Urban Center is strategically located along Kigali-Rusizi-Bukavu/DRC and Kigali-Kanyaru-Burundi Corridors, making the district potential to serve as a transit for goods and services across the South and South-West region. Surface Area 581.5 km2 Number of Sectors 14 Number of Cells 77 Number of Villages 509 Table 2: Brief description of Huye District As per the NLUDMP 2020-2050, Huye core urban area is classified among the eight secondary cities that will serve as peripheries of the country and play the role of cross-border opportunities and trade. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 26 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 5 Map 1: Administrative map of Huye District- Source: NISR, 2012 1.3.2 Hydrography The Huye District water network comprises various streams. In the West is Kadahokwa stream which flows from the North to South; in the central region is Rwamamba. There is also a big valley called Rwasave drained by Kihene which flows from North to South. All these streams flow towards Migina which is a tributary of Akanyaru River. In the North-West, there is a river of Mwogo which discharges into Nyabarongo River. 1.3.3 Soil and erosion Soil fertility in Huye depends on the conditions of the hills. The best soils are found in the swamps where sand and humus are formed from erosion of the surrounding hills. Soils on the dorsal granite are not fertile as they are poor in soil organic matter. The soils of the Central plateau are better as they are composed of Kaolisol type, and fertile when the erosion has not impacted it and their humus layer has been conserved. As a consequence of topography in Rwanda, Huye District ranges in the region where erosion control is required. 1.3.4 Topography Huye District is situated in the central plateau. The hilly landscape protrudes from East to West Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 27 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 6 and develops into a steep hilly and mountainous area moving towards the West and North-West. The hilly landscape of the district ranges between 1450m and 1700m. The western part comprises the high undulating mountains including the famous Huye Mountain with an altitude of more than 2000 meters. 1.3.5 Climate and Rainfall Huye District is characterized by sub equatorial temperate climate with an average temperature fluctuating around the 20°C. Like in the rest of the country, it has four climatic seasons: long rainy season (Mid-February –May), long dry season (June-Mid September), short rainy season (Mid September-December) and short dry season (January- Mid February). The average annual rainfall is 1160 mm. 1.3.6 Flora and Fauna Natural vegetation has disappeared due to agricultural pressure and has been replaced by man made vegetation dominated by food plants. The largest part of the land is under cultivation for food plants such as rice, banana, beans, maize, cassava, and coffee. Generally, Huye District has insufficient forest cover where up to date forest is estimated to cover 10% of the district surface, while the arboretum forest around the University of Rwanda (UR) plays an important role. However, some of the existing forests require reforestation. Wild animals are found only in RAB Songa Station zone. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 28 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 7 1.3.7 District SWOT Analysis To perform a district land use planning, it was found relevant to identify its strengths, opportunities, weaknesses as well as the threats that are to be taken into consideration. They have been developed based on different economic sectors which are: agriculture, private sector development and youth employment, transport, energy, water and sanitation, urbanization and rural settlement, ICT, Environmental and natural resources, financial sector development, social protection, health, education, Governance, and decentralization. It finally included sport and culture as components of social development. Below is the detailed analysis: sectors Strengths-Weaknesses- Opportunities and Threats Agriculture Strengths: ▪ Favorable land and environment for agriculture and livestock ▪ Considerable production and productivity of rice, coffee, and fruits. ▪ A high quantity of milk production ▪ High production of honey ▪ Strategic Location to the regional markets. ▪ An important land reserve for agro-processing facilities in the industrial zone Weaknesses: ▪ Limited capacity in modern agriculture and livestock systems. ▪ Limited availability of improved seeds ▪ Low agriculture and livestock productivity. ▪ Lack of research, development and innovation in agriculture sector ▪ Limited access to finance for agriculture and agribusiness. Opportunities: ▪ Availability of internal and External investors in agriculture sector development ▪ Available partners and stakeholders in agriculture sector development. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 29 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 8 ▪ Available modern equipment and technologies ▪ Availability of markets both internal and international. Threats: ▪ Climate change and irregular seasons ▪ Hillside and marshland soil erosion Fluctuations of prices for agricultural products at national and international markets Transport Strengths: ▪ Improved Road networks in urban and Rural areas linking Huye to other regions. ▪ Presence of Huye Regional Complex Car Park ▪ Favorable topography for green and integrated transport system ▪ Considerable demand for green transport infrastructure (High number of bicycle ownership) ▪ Improved feeder roads Weaknesses: ▪ Irregular maintenance and rehabilitation of basic infrastructure ▪ Limited integrated transport system ▪ Limited green transport infrastructure (walkways, bicycle lanes, bicycle parking lots) ▪ Inadequate coverage of public transportation system (urban and rural Sectors) ▪ Lack of a bypass road in Huye City transportation system (urban and rural Sectors) Opportunities: ▪ Presence of International roads crossing Huye District to Burundi and DRC ▪ National road (to Nyaruguru) that is in Government priority 2018/19-2023/24 ▪ Increasing demand for integrated transport in the District (Public, bicycles, motorbikes…) Threats: Natural calamities destroying roads infrastructure Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 30 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 9 Energy Strengths: ▪ Availability of diversified sources of energy for lighting and cooking Weaknesses: ▪ Insufficient energy production ▪ High proportion use of biomass as energy for cooking ▪ Limited use of diversified and renewable sources of energy ▪ Limited access to sufficient energy for productive use ▪ Low coverage of electricity in the District Opportunities: ▪ Political will to increase energy production and supply ▪ Political commitment on scaling-up off-grid and renewable energy ▪ Increasing private sector involvement in energy production and supply ▪ Increased road networks that link energy products to consumers Threats: ▪ Environmental calamities High cost of electricity generation Water and Sanitation Strengths: ▪ Political will to increase energy production and supply ▪ Availability of diversified sources water. ▪ An important access to clean water with management committees. ▪ Modern landfill for wastes collection and treatment. ▪ Initiative in place for waste treatment and transformation (Organic manure). Weaknesses: ▪ Availability of diversified sources of water ▪ An important access to clean water with management committees ▪ Modern landfill for wastes collection and treatment ▪ Initiative in place for waste treatment and transformation (Organic manure) Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 31 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 10 ▪ Lack of waste water treatment/sewarage system in the town ▪ Insufficient public latrines in trading Centers and along transport highways Opportunities: ▪ Political will to increase water production and supply ▪ Clear Government Policy and programs on water and sanitation ▪ Presence of partners and donors support in water supply ▪ Interested private Sector in water and Sanitation Sector Threats: ▪ Environmental calamities High cost of water generation and supply Urbanization and Rural Settlement Strengths: ▪ Strategic location of Huye City in the region ▪ Potential infrastructure and services in the City ▪ Presence of urban planning and development tools ▪ Increasing rate urbanization and urban growth Weaknesses: ▪ Low proportion of urbanization ▪ Inappropriate urban planning and implementation tools ▪ Inappropriate urban growth and Inefficient use of urban land ▪ Limited number of human capital and capacity in sustainable urban planning, development and management ▪ Presence and development of informal/unplanned settlements ▪ Limited availability of affordable and social housing Opportunities: ▪ Huye identified as a Secondary City ▪ Political will for urban infrastructure development ▪ Presence of partners and donors in the city. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 32 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 11 ▪ Increasing demand for urban infrastructure and services ▪ Initiated national fund for affordable housing development ▪ Interested private sector in affordable housing development ▪ Availability of guiding policies and tools for sustainable urban planning and development. Threats: ▪ Environmental calamities ▪ High rate of population migration from Huye City ▪ Limited number of public and private institutions in the city ▪ Urban land value speculation (High cost) High cost of construction materials ICT Strengths: ▪ Presence of IT service supply (4G) and telecommunication facilities ▪ High rate of IT and communication devices ▪ Increased number of internet and smart device users Weaknesses: ▪ Small coverage of IT system (Internet) and telecommunication facilities ▪ Limited financial means for infrastructure and services supply ▪ Low capacity and awareness on the use of internet and smart devices particularly among female population ▪ Low proportion of s and services in ICT sector Opportunities: ▪ Government’s initiative for scaling up internet coverage ▪ Increased number of online public service provision Threats: ▪ High cost of ICT services and equipment Environmental calamities that affects ICT infrastructures. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 33 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 12 Environment and Natural Resources Strengths: ▪ Increasing trend in District Forest coverage ▪ Presence of staffs and committees in charge of environmental management ▪ Public awareness regarding environment and natural resources management ▪ District and private sector initiatives in natural resources management and value chain development (eg. Organic manure from wastes) ▪ Low rate of polluting elements (Car ownership, industries) Weaknesses: ▪ Low coverage of District forest and green spaces ▪ Inappropriate exploitation and management of forests ▪ High rate of use of firewood as energy for cooking ▪ High loss of biodiversity ▪ Lack of/limited environmental conservation and rehabilitation Opportunities: ▪ Existing government policies and programs for sustainable management of environment and natural resources ▪ Existing financing institutions for environmental management and protection initiatives/project ▪ Available reusable and recyclable natural resources and other resources in the District (e.g. Solid and liquid Wastes) ▪ Partnership in capacity development for environmental management Threats: ▪ Regional environmental pollutions Natural disasters (Landslides, soil erosion, floods, draughts, heavy rains, ...) Health Strengths: ▪ High standard Healthcare Facilities (CHUB, CARAES, Isange OSC, Health Centers, etc.) ▪ Considerable number of HHs with access to health insurance Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 34 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 13 Weaknesses: ▪ Limited coverage of Healthcare Facilities and services ▪ Limited capacity in quality healthcare services ▪ Limited/low level of research and development in health sector ▪ Limited financial means to access healthcare services Opportunities: ▪ Government policy and programs to increase access to quality healthcare services ▪ Presence of partners in healthcare services Threats: ▪ Expensive healthcare services ▪ Economic crisis Poverty Education Strengths: ▪ Significant coverage of various Education facilities (Education Hub) ▪ Commitment of a big number of youth to join TVET Weaknesses: ▪ Low coverage and access to pre-primary education facilities ▪ Inappropriate education facilities ▪ Low enrolment and attendance rate in TVET especially girls ▪ Poor Quality of TVET Trainings ▪ Low level of private investment in education Opportunities: ▪ Government policies and programs to increase access to high quality education ▪ Private investment in high quality education services ▪ Availability of partners in education services. Threats: ▪ Natural calamities destroying basic infrastructure facilities of education Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 35 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 14 External competition among schools Sports and culture Strengths: ▪ Availability of quality Sport facilities ▪ Annual organized sport competition ▪ Existence of cultural centers and cultural groups Weaknesses: ▪ Lack of complex fields for sports and lack of sports equipment ▪ Inexistence of talent detection and support in sports and culture sectors Opportunities: ▪ The regular international sport and cultural competitions Threats: Natural calamities Table 3: Huye DLUP SWOT analysis Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 36 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 15 2 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK Several laws, strategies, policies, guidelines, and directives documents prepared by GoR regulate land use, development, planning and management in Rwanda, such as follows. 2.1 POLICIES • National Land Policy, June 2019, MoE The revised Land policy of June 2019 focuses on the efficient utilization and management of land to support the national transformation goals without compromising the benefits of future generations. To achieve this objective, the policy outlines actions organized into three core pillars: land use planning, surveying, and mapping; land use management; and land administration. These pillars encompass eight thematic areas: (a) Land use planning, surveying, and mapping; (b) Integration of land utilization across various Sectors; (c) Effective land use management; (d) Facilitation of private sector investment in land; (e) Land registration procedures; (f) Administration of land lease fees, real property taxes, and land markets; (g) Ensuring land rights security and managing land disputes; (h) Institutional framework and coordination mechanisms within the land sub-sector. • National Urbanization Policy, December 2015, MININFRA; • National Human Settlement Policy in Rwanda, May 2009, MININFRA; • National Housing Policy, March 2015, RHA. 2.2 LAWS & REGULATIONS • Presidential Order n° 038/01 of 20/05/2022 establishing NLUDMP The Presidential Order no 038/01 dated 20/05/2022, which establishes the NLUDMP, delineates a planning horizon spanning the next three decades. The Order outlines the revision process, ensuring alignment with other plans, and assigns responsible institutions for implementation, emphasizing the pivotal role of all sectors. With the NLUDMP gazetted, the focus now shifts to effectively implementing it through DLUPs and other tools, ensuring strict adherence to alignment principles between NLUDMP and DLUPs. It is against this backdrop, that Huye District revised its Land Use Plan, ensuring compliance with the directives set forth in NLUDMP 2020-2050; Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 37 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 16 • Law n° 27/2021 dated 10/06/2021 governing land in Rwanda Law no 27/2021 dated 10/06/2021 governing land in Rwanda, which regulates land affairs, contains detailed provisions concerning land use management and development, as well as the institutional framework and procedures governing the initiation, development, adoption, and establishment of land use and development plans at the district level. This legislation specifically governs land occupancy and construction activities on areas designated for human habitation. Moreover, it encompasses the planning of plots and site development to facilitate the realization of national, City of Kigali, and district land use master plans. Huye DLUP was revised taking into consideration other laws related to land management and utilization such as: o Law n°10/2012 of 02/05/2012 governing urban planning and building in Rwanda. Urban planning should strive for the gradual and adaptable advancement of urban centers within the context of economic and social development policies, incorporating rural planning and environmental preservation objectives; o Law n°20/2011 of 21/06/2011 governing human habitation in Rwanda. This law governs land occupation and construction on lands reserved for human habitation; o Ministerial Order n° 04/Cab.M/015 of 18/05/2015 determining urban planning and building in Rwanda; o Ministerial Order No 005/MoE/22 of 15/02/2022 determining modalities of change of land use. o Land use plans zoning regulations edition 1, November 2022. o Ministerial Instructions no.001 of 23/04/2018 determining the management and use of the lands allocated for agriculture and livestock. o Ministerial Instructions relating to the implementation of the National Grouped Settlement Program in Rural Areas (27 May 2009). 2.3 GUIDELINES Numerous land use planning guidelines established in previous years remain pertinent and continue to inform current practices. While we can mention a few examples, it’s important to note that the list includes: o Urban Planning and Building Codes (June 2019, MININFRA); Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 38 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 17 o Land Use Planning Guidelines (December 2017, NLA); o Land Readjustment guidelines (October 2021, NLA); Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 39 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 18 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 CONSULTATION The preparation of Huye DLUP was conducted by the district itself in collaboration with the support of NLA. Staff members from both parties cooperated closely throughout the entire process, facilitating the seamless exchange of necessary data between NLA and Huye District. The elaboration of Huye DLUP was updated in the framework of alignment with the NLUDMP 2020-2050, hence the preparation of the plan was made to harmonize not only with NLUDMP but also DDS, NST1 and Vision 2050 etc. Since the work was done jointly between the two teams of NLA and Huye District, the first activity by NLA was to present the approved NLUDMP 2020 2050 by the cabinet to District Authorities, this provided awareness for District leaders, staff, and stakeholders. This activity was also a kick-off for Huye DLUP elaboration and review. Like any other planning activities, all the work started by situational and deskwork analysis to which all staff members from both sides engaged and sorted out which data were available, methodologies to be applied, consultative meetings and investigations to be conducted, data collection steps including land survey and physical analysis, checking with boundary compliance for urban, rurban and rural settlement sites, dissemination and information sharing for public awareness, draft report development and so forth the team jointly worked together on each step. After field work the team of Huye District composed of staff from One Stop Center with different backgrounds of expertise met with the NLA team at Kigali/NLA Head Office for a period of 3 weeks for report development. Consequently, the validation meetings were organized the District Council to present the interim and final reports. The District Council, executive committee, stakeholders provided inputs and appreciated the progress work being performed until the final approval of Huye DLUP 2023-2050. 3.1.1 Consultation at Sector and District level Various consultative meetings were held at District level that brought together different district stakeholders including representatives of sectors, cells, villages, church leaders, civil society organizations, security organs, private sector operators as well as NLA as the coordinating institution of this assignment and district organization. These meetings aimed to ensure a participatory approach, fostering discussions and agreements among all involved parties. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 40 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 19 Figure 1: Consultation with Huye District Economic Commission Huye District economic commission has actively participated in the DLUP elaboration by their will of being informed on what would be their further economy, and social wellbeing of their population. Figure 2: Consultation with Huye local administration (Sector & Cell level) Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 41 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 20 The team working on this land use planning also worked with local authorities in Huye District especially on Sector and Cell level. Figure 3: Consultations with local community. Huye District local community, opinion leaders, civil society, private sector, and other different stakeholders were met and presented Huye DLUP as proposed for their inputs as invited to participatory planning. 3.1.2 Consultation with national stakeholders In May 2019, the Cabinet approved the detailed guidelines for the coordination mechanism of the elaboration and validation process of land use plans, concurrently with the endorsement of the Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 42 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 21 Technical Advisory Group (TAG) responsible for ensuring the quality assurance and validation of any land use master plan. Subsequently, NLA planned a five-day retreat from 5th to 10th December 2021, held at Musanze District, Northern Province. The retreat aimed at reviewing all five DLUP reports and spatial data including Huye District. The retreat has been attended by technical staff representatives of the TAG members nominated by different institutions which have in their responsibilities land use master plans implementation. Huye District was represented by the Director of One Stop Center. The process of DLUP elaboration and targets for 2050 and the text report as well as spatial were scrutinized by participants who provided direct inputs, comments, and recommendations for improvement of the joint NLA-District work done. Figure 4: Consultative meetings with technical advisory group. 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 3.2.1 Spatial data collection After conducting a comprehensive desk review to analyze existing conditions and identify priority areas, the NLA team collaborated with the District One Stop Center team to conduct on-site land surveys and physical analyses within designated priority sites, encompassing urban, rurban, and rural settlements. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 43 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 22 Primary data collection involved engaging in face-to-face conversations with local communities within the visited areas, supplemented by direct observations. Special attention was given to gathering GPS coordinates to ensure accuracy in boundary delineation and zoning compliance. Data collected underwent analysis and interpretation utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, alongside the utilization of new satellite imagery for enhanced insights. 3.2.2 Non-spatial data collection The non-spatial data gathered and utilized in the development of the Huye DLUP encompassed a variety of demographic statistics capturing both current and projected trends. This included the allocation of economic data pertinent to Huye, such as income generation patterns, economic activities vital for sustaining livelihoods within the community, as well as trade dynamics encompassing the movement of goods and services. Additionally, the data collection process covered security-related information and its relevant institutions, alongside statistical data pertaining to religious affiliations and associated movements. These datasets played a pivotal role in informing the development of Huye DLUP, ensuring that the unique characteristics of each situation were thoroughly considered to guide holistic Sectoral development. Throughout the land use planning process, partner institutions have contributed valuable collateral data, encompassing both spatial and non-spatial information, as well as updates on ongoing land development projects in the pipeline. It is imperative for all sectoral institutions in Rwanda to align their projects with both present circumstances and prospects. To facilitate this alignment, institutions are urged to furnish available data pertinent to their projects, thereby supporting planning efforts aimed at harmonizing sectoral demands within the broader context of land use. 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS The NLA team, alongside counterparts from Huye District, convened at the NLA head office in Kigali to conduct a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the field-collected data. Spatial data collected underwent a careful analysis and interpretation utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, complemented by the utilization of Orthorectified satellite images. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 44 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 23 The task of data interpretation was seamlessly integrated with the development and compilation of the report, ensuring that insights gleaned from the data were effectively translated into actionable recommendations. 3.4 REPORT COMPILATION The development and compilation of reports based on completed data analysis. thus, the two teams from National land Authority and Huye District produced both text reports and associated maps. This step was followed by official validation of the report at different levels by the District Council held on 24th September 2022 and Technical Advisory Group (TAG) after passing through the economic commission of the District Council, the report was finally approved by the District Council. In addition, the Technical Advisory Group, also held a 5-day retreat to validate the report. Comments, inputs, and guidelines provided were considered by the technical working group from NLA and integrated into the report. This working strategy has contributed greatly to the report improvement. Below are different steps that have been used during the elaboration and review of Huye DLUP 2050 Figure 5: Planning steps used during elaboration and review of Huye DLUP 2023-2050 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 45 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 24 4 HUYE LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 4.1 VISIONING AND ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION 4.1.1 Visioning Huye is one of the eight Secondary Cities (Phase one), and branded as the “Knowledge, Culture and Agribusiness Hub”, its vision is to achieve “a strong and green economic growth that provides a high-quality livelihood and living standards to the Citizens” through maximizing its economy. 4.1.2 Economic Specialization Huye will be the second public service led city after Kigali. It will remain an academic hub of the country that will be driven by Hi-Tech solutions. Huye District is at the heart of cultural Tourism; more cultural and historical sites are being developed to create a firm cultural and historical heritage corridor. Cross border trade given their strategic location to Rwanda- Burundi border shall be equally important. 4.2 POPULATION, URBANIZATION, SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING (PUSH) 4.2.1 Population 4.2.1.1 Existing population According to the NISR, the population of Huye District surged 328,398 from in 2012 to 381,900 in 2022. The population is predominantly rural, where 83.9 % of the total population live in rural areas in 2012 as compared to 79.1 % in 2022. Additionally, the female population is slightly higher than the male population, with females representing 51.9% of the total population in 2012, compared to 50.5% in 2022 and people aged (0-17 years) represented 44.5 % of the total population in 2012 as compared to 42.7% of the total population in 2022 and this reflecting a decrease in fertility rate over ten-years period. Private households were estimated at 77,915 in 2012 as compared to 96,037 in 2022.The population density in Huye District increased from 477 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2012 to 544 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2022. This indicates that the district has become more densely populated over the ten-year period Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 46 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 25 Sector Name Type of Sector: Urban; Rural 2012 Census Households per Sector year 2022 2022 Census Households per Sector year 2022 Counts Counts Male Female Total Number Male Female Total Numbers Gishamvu Rural 6,147 7,127 13,274 3,120 6,931 7,745 14,676 3,745 Huye Rural 10,202 11,729 21,931 5,335 13,395 14,837 28,232 7,435 Karama Rural 7,516 8,923 16,439 3,788 8,597 9,726 18,323 4,452 Kigoma Rural+Urban 11,593 13,193 24,786 5,902 12,050 13,405 25,455 6,647 Kinazi Rural 12,107 13,723 25,830 6,382 15,708 17,406 33,114 8,551 Maraba Rural+Urban 11,746 12,939 24,685 5,716 12,850 13,957 26,807 6,906 Mbazi Rural+Urban 14,560 16,641 31,201 7,682 17,049 18,758 35,807 9,375 Mukura Rural 9,326 10,865 20,191 4,952 12,302 14,038 26,340 6,992 Ngoma Rural 16,961 10,744 27,705 4,814 24,499 11,079 35,578 5,542 Ruhashya Rural 10,341 11,713 22,054 5,498 11,369 12,681 24,050 6,494 Rusatira Rural 11,798 13,373 25,171 6,182 14,211 15,631 29,842 7,934 Rwaniro Rural 10,250 11,345 21,595 5,302 11,058 12,181 23,239 6,036 Simbi Rural 10,355 11,782 37,029 5,366 11,053 12,231 23,284 6,051 Tumba Rural 15,202 16,197 31,399 7,876 17,787 19,366 37,153 9877 Total 158,104 170,294 328,398 77,915 188,859 193,041 381,900 96,037 Table 4: Huye District population for the years 2012 and 2022. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 47 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 26 4.2.1.2 Population Projections by 2035 and 2050 According to the NLUDMP projections, the total population of Huye District is estimated to reach 591,382 inhabitants by 2035 and 979,500 inhabitants by the year 2050. Of this, 346,225 inhabitants are expected to live in urban areas by 2035 and 629,500 inhabitants are expected to live in urban areas by 2050. This projection is based on the assumption that the population projection for cities, will be distributed based on recommended hierarchy and economic potentials of each city, for rurbans, the document specifies the rurban population and the number of rurban settlements within each District, and the geographical distribution of the rural population is based on the assumption that it will distribute proportionally to the future agricultural lands in LUCA (Land Use Categories). In the LUCA A, population will grow by 41% due to the availability of prime lands. LUCA B remains static, and the massive change in LUCA C, where the population decreases more than a million, to 17.6% of its current population. This result indicates two main movements: first, a very profound movement of farmers from C to A searching for new agriculture opportunities. Secondary, C also appears as the primary source of urbanization, either in situ or by migrating to cities in A and B. From the above explanations, Huye is a secondary city categorized in LUCA A Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 48 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 27 Sector Name Type of Sector: Urban; Rural Pop 2022 HHs 2022 pop 2035 HHs 2035 Pop 2050 HHs 2050 Gishamvu Rural 13,274 3,120 11,907 2,977 17,000 4,250 Huye Rural+urban 21,931 5,335 63,743 5,001 108,083 7,140 Karama Rural 16,439 3,788 14,867 3,717 21,224 5,306 Kigoma Rural 24,786 5,902 27,669 5,163 42,242 7,371 Kinazi Rural+urban 25,830 6,382 54,560 6,717 88,708 9,589 Maraba Rural 24,685 5,716 21,750 5,438 31,052 7,763 Mbazi Rural+urban 31,201 7,682 75,954 6,509 127,930 9,292 Mukura Rural+urban 20,191 4,952 58,075 3,390 100,295 4,840 Ngoma Rural+urban 27,705 4,814 92,288 666 166,756 951 Ruhashya Rural 22,054 5,498 19,513 4,878 27,858 6,965 Rusatira Rural 25,171 6,182 33,229 6,053 50,961 8,642 Rwaniro Rural 21,595 5,302 18,855 4,714 26,919 6,730 Simbi Rural 22,137 5,366 18,892 4,723 26,971 6,743 Tumba Rural+urban 31,399 7,876 80,080 1,344 143,501 1,918 Total 328,398 77,915 591,382 61,289 979,500 87,500 Table 5: Huye District population growth according to NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 49 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 28 In summarizing the presented table depicting the projected population of Huye District according to the NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines, it is noteworthy to observe that the subsequent figure illustrates the anticipated population distribution based on residence. Notably, the rural population constituted 83.9% of the overall population in 2012, followed by a decline to 79.1 % in 2022. Further projections indicate a gradual decrease to 41.5% by the year 2035, ultimately reaching 35.7% by 2050. Figure 6: Change of rural population to urban in Huye District by 2035 and 2050 4.2.2 Urbanization and Settlement Huye District urban population has been significantly increasing with an average population growth rate of 1.5%. This is due to migration factors for people coming from rural areas to search for employment and other opportunities like any other reasons contributing to the growth of cities. According to the PHC5, Huye City was a home to 79,744 people, representing 20.9 % of the entire District Population (NISR, 2022), which is still low considering the target of Vision 2050 that envisions at achieving 52.69% by 2035 and 70% by 2050 of urbanization across the Country (GoR, 2013). Therefore, to realize this level, Huye will require considerable investments in infrastructure and services with direct linkages to its emerging potentialities, vision, and strategies to attract and catalyze sustainable economic and urban growth. By 2050 the city population is expected to grow to 302,500 by 2035 with a land requirement of 38 sqkm and 550, 000 by 2050 with a land requirement of 69 Sqkm considering local physical constraints. 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 2012 2022 2035 2050 16.1 20.9 58.5 64.3 83.9 79.1 41.5 35.7 Distribution(count &%) of population of Huye District by residence Urban Rural Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 50 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 29 4.2.2.1 Huye Secondary City Huye is one of 8 secondary cities for which local urban development plans were prepared in conformity with the NLUDMP guidelines. The Huye Secondary City Master Plan was approved by the District Council. This DLUP integrates all relevant reports and studies as well as implementation plans conducted, specific to the Huye urban city. Map 2: Huye City master plan 2050 4.2.2.2 Rurban areas Rurban centers are new layer types of urban settings on hierarchy of urbanization in Rwanda which are also defined as emerging centers of linkages between rural and urban areas. They will play a key role in contributing to achievement of the country’s urbanization rate desired by 2050 where by 7.5M (35%) on a coverage area of 897 km² and 15.4M (70%) on a coverage area of 1447 km² as a long-term goal to be achieved by vision 2050. Rurban will also be the linkage between District major towns and rural settlement sites well developed with all desired infrastructures for the well-being of local communities. Huye District has three rurban centers namely, Arrete-Kinazi, Rusatira and Karambi. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 51 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 30 • Planned Land Use The above-mentioned three rurban centers will be settled by 73,971 populations on an average land surface area of 8.85 Km2. S/N Rurbans Sectors Cells Area (Km2) 1 Arrete-Kinazi Kinazi Gahana, Gitovu and Kabona Cells 3.58 2 Rusatira Rusatira,Kinazi Kabona and Buhimba Cell. 3.85 3 Karambi Kigoma Karambi Cell 1.42 Total 8.85 Table 3: Huye rurban centers Map 3: Arreté-Kinazi rurban land use plan 2050. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 52 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 31 Arreté-Kinazi Rurban is one of Huye District potential rurbans that are expected to grow due to booming trade. The center is the stop to most tourists and travelers and known for shopping for the best milk products. The trade and geographical location of the rurban center are key potential drivers for its development. Map 4: Land use and boundary map for Rusatira Rurban Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 53 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 32 Map 5: Karambi rurban land use plan 2050- Source: NLA 2022 4.2.2.3 Rural Settlement Sites The government of Rwanda has started a resettlement program to re-establish people in recognized residential areas, ‘imidugudu’, the aim of which is to provide improved quality of life for the population through the satisfaction of basic needs, such as employment, adequate housing, access to water and energy, a cleaned-up environment, access to basic facilities such as markets and healthcare services, as well as safety and order in public places and in households. Many imidugudu residents have a strong disposition for living in imidugudu compared to living in scattered houses and are hopeful for better livelihoods going forward, with high expectations for employment, access to finance and basic amenities. The rural settlements system suffers traditionally from continuous isolation of homesteads which prevents improvement in agricultural yield and inefficient supply of services and infrastructures. An audit survey that was prepared in 2019 by RHA and NLA shows in the table below how deep the problem is. Two hundreds and ten thousand (210) houses out of 570 thousand have been found out of settlement plans within the sampled districts. In 2017-18 Districts reported to the Audit Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 54 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 33 team population accommodated in rural settlement sites was 93% while the spatial analysis with current land use plans (urban and rural villages sites) Figures that among 82% of the Rwandan population living in rural area, 69.2% in 2019 were accommodated in 13,661 rural settlements. The structure of rural settlements and scattered single family homesteads in rural areas do not favor economies of scale; therefore, the transformation of rural settlement structure is the most needed in Rwanda in order to improve on efficient land use planning and to avail and protect as much agricultural land as possible and promote densification of dwelling in rural settlements. Most agricultural arable lands and other lands keep on shrinking due to 13,661 scattered rural settlements mapped on 11,000 Km². The rural population is 10,621,000 million and 2,360,000 HH. The average size of an Umudugudu in Rwanda is, therefore 80.5 Ha, containing 777 people on average, which is about 172 households. Therefore, the following actions are proposed by the NLUDMP to address the issue of excessive rural settlement sites. The gross land size per household is 0.46 Ha, including the house and farm, however NLUDMP proposes that this land distribution among farmers should change by 2050 where land allocation for agriculture is limited to 1,243,300 Ha. The subdivision of this area among 6,6M rural inhabitants or 1.650M HH shows an increase from the current size in 65%, 0.76 Ha per HH. However, the geographical distribution of the rural population will dramatically change. The assumption is that it will distribute proportionally to the future agricultural lands in the LUCA’s (table 10 below): LUCA A population will grow by 41% due to the availability of prime lands. LUCA B remains static, and the massive change is in LUCA C, where the population decreases by more than a million, to 17.6% of its current population. • Existing Situation of rural settlements in Huye District National Land Use and Development Master Plan 2050 proposes 159 sites covering 66 sqkm after a collaboration with Huye District, NLA and RHA agreed to restructure and maintain only 118 rural settlement sites covering 37.89 sqKm emerged and reshaped for further development while complying with NLUDMP 2020-2050. S/N Sector Number of Sites Area Km2 1 Gishamvu 6 1.9 2 Karama 11 3.89 3 Kigoma 18 4.82 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 55 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 34 4 Kinazi 5 1.8 5 Maraba 14 4 6 Mbazi 2 1.34 7 Mukura 0 0 8 Ngoma 0 0 9 Ruhashya 16 4.33 10 Huye 0 0 11 Rusatira 12 5.55 12 Rwaniro 15 5.29 13 Simbi 18 4.97 14 Tumba 0 0 TOTAL 118 37.89 Table 6: Huye District rural settlement sites per Sector Map 6: Map of Huye District rural settlement sites-Source: NLA, 2021 The above map indicates the number of proposed rural settlement sites in Huye District that will be used for rural settlement purposes in such a way that any settlement outside rural settlement sites is strictly prohibited. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 56 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 35 • IDP model villages Integrated Development Approach (IDP Model village) is a new concept of rural residential planning enabling to enhance the wellbeing and social welfare as well as economic development of the local population living in scattered settlements and high-risk zones in rural areas and especially the landless/homeless people benefiting from government subsidies. It was inaugurated based on the launch of EDPRS II in 2013. The IDP Model Village was seen as a socio-economic development tool based on four thematic areas which are: Economic transformation, rural development, productivity, and youth employment as well as accountable governance. One of the main focuses of the Rwandan Government is improving the living conditions of Rwanda’s rural population. The IDP model Village is expected to be an inclusive rural settlement model providing access to clean water, electricity, Healthcare Facilities, common marketplace, smart classrooms, improved road networks, and common cowsheds. Eleven pillars have been identified to guide effective IDP implementation: 1. Land Productivity; 2. Post-Harvest Processing and Marketing; 3. Cooperative Development; 4. Off-Farm Employment; 5. Promotion of Micro-finance and Insurance; 6. Resettlement; 7. Rehabilitating the ecosystem and Environmental Protection; 8. Social protection; 9. Promotion of ICT; 10. Energy; 11. Leadership Development. IDP Model Village started being implemented in 2016/2017, through Joint actions between the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Infrastructure, the Ministry of Finances and Economic Planning and the Ministry of Local Government regulated by the memorandum of understanding between above-mentioned public institutions. A total of 6,602 IDP Model Villages have been constructed in all districts countrywide. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 57 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 36 Huye District alone has 10 IDP Model villages distributed per Sector so that 10 Sectors out of 15 Sectors have IDP model villages totaling 575 households. The map below illustrates Sectors of Huye District with or without IDP Model Villages. Figure 7: Spatial distribution of IDP model village in Huye District. • Planning perspective of rural settlements in Huye District By 2050, the total rural settlement population in Huye District will be 350,000 where all communities in rural areas will be mandated to settle in the designated rural settlement sites. Construction of any individual house outside rural settlement site is strictly prohibited and will continue to be considered as violation of land use as per the law governing land in its article 76 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 58 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 37 which stipulates that non-compliance with the land use and development master plan will be sanctioned with strict measures and fines. The planned number of rural settlement sites is 118 with the total size of 37.89 sqkm. Rural settlement sites will be much more demanding for specifically new and smart structures, more detailed plans showing residential zones, basic infrastructures and/or key emerging socio-economic development projects. Item Numbe r Covered area (Sqkm) Change (%) Observation Rural settlement sites provided by NLUDMP 2020-2050 159 66 • Number: -26% • Area: -43% Basing on the current population trends and population projections the size and amount of rural settlement sites were reduced. Final Rural settlement sites after revision of the DLUP. 118 37.89 Rurban Centers provided by NLUDMP 2020-2050 3 12.6 • Number: +0% • Area: -30% Rurban Centers after revision of the DLUP. 3 8.79 Table 7: Rural settlement sites and ruban centers compliance with NLUDMP 4.2.3 Urban Design Urban Design helps to create a unique identity for the city and its public spaces and to set an example for future development of other areas within the planning area. It helps in translating the Master plan strategies into viable projects to kick - start implementation. This also helps to create an effective tool for the city authorities for branding the city. Potential investors can be enticed with the help of attractive development propositions prepared by a detailed urban design scheme. Huye City is bestowed with architectural, cultural and heritage assets. The city attracts local, regional, and international tourists because of the National Museum and the Butare Cathedral. The city has a student population because of the University and institutional presence. The city does not have issues of traffic and congestion like most of the other secondary cities, and in a way is still sparsely developed. Through simple design regulations, the city can improve its attractive index and its unique identity. A comprehensive solution for this can be found in the Urban Design proposal in this chapter. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 59 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 38 Huye City's demographic is mostly youth due to the presence of universities. Tourists crowd the city for the museum and Cathedral. Urban design takes this as an objective to increase urban tourism potential; the goal is to induce programs for recreation to enable interaction with the locals. 4.2.3.1 Urban design area The Urban Design Area according to Huye Secondary City Master Plan is in the City Center covering an area of 156 ha. It is a linear site and connects all the key prominent developments in the city, including the Rwanda National Museum, The Butare Cathedral, the central business district, and the University Campus. The main spine is 3.3 km long. The site is almost flat and is along the ridge of three large hills and is interspersed by vast Swamplands. The sites' edges slope down to the Swamplands 50 m lower. The slopes are covered by trees and forested in most cases. The Swamplands are about 100 to 150 m wide on average. The following are the urban design features which were proposed in Huye city: a) Gateway Park Landscape Park and aesthetic treatment of the traffic island are proposed as Huye City's gateway. The Park marks the beginning of the walking tour of the city. Figure 8: Design efficient and pedestrian-friendly streets, Plan Efficient Green Spaces1-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 60 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 39 Figure 9: Design efficient and pedestrian-friendly streets, Plan Efficient Green Spaces2-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021. Figure 10: Design efficient and pedestrian-friendly streets, Plan Efficient Green Spaces3-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021. b) Sports Park and Heritage Park Sports Park - Area - 3.5 ha and Heritage park - Area - 1 ha. With large student and tourist population presence, sports fields and playgrounds promote social interaction and improve the health of the residents. The Sports Park/ sports grounds near the stadium will attract people of all ages, residents, and tourists alike to play, communicate and interact. The heritage gardens concept was provided to bring in vernacular trees and design some formal gardens right next to the Swamplands. The Swampland trails serve as an alternative way to reach the city Centre. From the heritage garden one can see the beautiful landscape for the Swampland. The parks are proposed to include fitness equipment, playgrounds for kids, viewing decks, local art, and F&B kiosks. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 61 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 40 Figure 11: Sports park and heritage design- Source: Huye SC master plan 2021 Figure 12: Heritage Gardens-Source: Huye SC master plan 2021 c) Market and Arab Street redevelopment These two redevelopment projects can bring in a new flavor to the city that can be planned, discussed, and designed as per community needs. The Urban design proposes street improvement and building massing guidelines to make the development aesthetically pleasing. The street is seen as a community street with weekly farmer’s markets, social events etc. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 62 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 41 Figure 13: Huye market and Arab Street Redevelopment- Source: Huye SC master plan 2021. d) Swampland Park development Integrate nature and urban areas and increase recreational areas in the city. The proposed Central Park could be the biggest attraction in the city if designed and executed well. The Swampland development park will cover the area equivalent to 20 ha of land. Figure 14: Integrate transport and land development. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 63 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 42 Figure 15: Swampland Park 4.2.3.2 Green growth strategy Promote ecosystems and biodiversity, plan sufficient green spaces, Street upgradation: includes upgrading the 6 streets in UD area to provide adequate NMT infrastructure. Green growth strategy - car lite city, sustainable mobility city, zero emission city, walkable city, Note - Green growth strategy refers to green strategies for urban planning of secondary cities, National Roadmap for Green Secondary City Development. Figure 16: Huye urban design-Source: Huye SC Master Plan 2021 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 64 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 43 Figure 17: Huye urban design-Source: Huye SC Master Plan 2021 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 65 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 44 4.2.4 Housing 4.2.4.1 Existing Situation As per EICV5 survey, the settlement in Huye is characterized by low density single house dwelling (95%). The mean floor area of the dwelling is around 41sqm (around the same size as the national mean floor area of 40sqm) and average size of household is 4.1. The Rwandan culture of farming and living on big, landed property may have led to the development of low-density single house dwelling. This is further aggravated by the lack of long-term growth plans for the district and the city. This current trend of low-density single housing developments is not sustainable in the long run and therefore requires suitable density management strategies to promote a compact living environment. Given the fact that only around 50% of the land in Huye is developable, it is not healthy for most of the land with higher density potential, to be occupied by low and medium density. • Types of Housing Though Huye City is small it is important to avoid the creation of sprawling residential settlements which are difficult and expensive to serve with a centralized network of infrastructure. Around 9% of the housing in Huye are unplanned urban housing, unplanned clustered housing (12%) and isolated rural housing (14%)12. With the Government’s vision of cluster housing, basically to preserve the agricultural land, 64% of the housing in Huye are clustered rural housing (Imidugudu). This indicates that the rural settlement programme has been a success in terms of the government's vision of agglomeration and land consolidation for agriculture. However, the diagnostic report for Huye states that the population were not keen on living in Imidugudu due to the unavailability of socioeconomic infrastructure in such housing sites. Although many changes and improvement would be made since the diagnostic report was prepared, the new master plan will assess the gaps and propose strategies for equitable and inclusive development. Construction materials used by most people include tree trucks with mud (39%), followed by mud bricks covered by cement (31%) for walls, clay tiles for roofing (68%) and beaten earth for flooring (59%). The usage of tree trunks at such a scale may have an environmental impact on the forest cover. As per NISR 2022 Huye District profile, 75% of the housing are owner occupied and only around 22 % are tenant occupied in Huye District. In the rural area, owner occupancy was 79.7 % and tenant occupancy was only around 44.8%, in 2022. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 66 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 45 4.2.4.2 Planning Perspectives Like in other districts countrywide, the high percentage of low-density single house dwelling is challenging the visions and aspirations of densification and resource efficiency stipulated in the national directives. The national directives, including Vision 2050, NLUDMP, National Land Policy (2019), National Housing Policy (2015), National Roadmap for Green Secondary City Development (2015), advocate to create high density urban settlement, and regulate development density based on market demand. They suggest the zoning to be in support of high, appropriate housing models that ensure economic use of residential land, density mixed use developments, mixed-income approach whereby low, medium, and high-income earners should be settling together in the same neighborhood to minimize settlement segregation and developing affordable housing and real estates. Matching Housing Types and Settlement Types A+ 1 A 2 B 3-4 C 5-9 D 10-22 Huye Secondary City: 19% 40% 30% 7% 4% 100% Rurban Centers: Rusatira, Arrete-Kinazi and Karambi 52% 45% 2% 1% - 100% Rural settlement sites 50% 50% - - 100% Table 8: Housing typologies and settlement types for Huye secondary city Respectively to the above Table, NLUDMP 2020-2050 proposed housing types and shares for Huye District are as follows: houses in A+ are one level high houses, on a lot of 500 m2 for two households totalizing 24 apartments per Hectare as indicated in the housing design; houses in A are based on the same lot of 500 m2 but consolidates four apartments in 2 stories and a density of 40 apartments per Hectare; B represents all houses in a typical multifamily house of up to 12 apartments in 3-4 floors on a lot of 1000 m2 with a density of 48 apartments per Hectare. B and C categorization of housing will be constructed to settle a big number of the population in apartments while efficiently utilizing the scarce land. all houses in C represents a typical multifamily high rise building up to 9 floors on a lot of 2000 m2 with a density of 63 apartments per Hectare; and D type-houses will be the biggest structure in the housing repertoire, rising to 22 floors on a lot of 3000 m2 with a density of 90 apartments per hectare. Such housing in category Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 67 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 46 C and D as indicated above as proposed in Huye Secondary City will not only be purposely for multifamily high rising buildings, but also commercial, hotel, office, and other purposes. Mixed use and mixed incomes are highly recommended in such houses. 4.2.4.3 Housing stock in Huye settlement areas The proposed housing stock was analyzed according to the high population growth maximum scenario, to calculate dwelling units required in 2050 in Huye District. By considering family planning and other government programs, the population projection of Huye District will be around 633,000 in 2050. POPULATION PROJECTION 2050 SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 633,371 5 126,674 Land requirement for 126,674 HHs are needed (Housing stock) Table 9: Population projection and possible households by 2050 in Huye District Residential types DU/HA TOTAL SIZE/HA PERCENTAGE TOTAL DUs R1B 40-70 3735.51 71.2 90,192 R1A 20-30 829.23 15 19,001 R3 60-90 123.32 2.3 2,913 [3] Total 5245.95 125,407 Table 10: Area size and Dwelling Unit per residential type The Table 10 above indicates a calculated housing stock needed to accommodate the Huye District population from 2021-2050. The construction volume will be 125,407 dwelling units, requiring for the construction sector construction will have to supply an annual average of 8,360 Dwelling Units. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 68 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 47 4.3 TRANSPORTATION 4.3.1 Existing situation of road network in Huye District Rwanda has a very dense road network coverage, which explains the scattered nature of its human habitat, and this is very expensive to the government in terms of service provision. The existing road network of 37,896 km (44,669 Km including paths) has been analyzed, and a new road hierarchy is proposed to achieve the desired vision 2050 as demonstrated by the map below. Figure 18: Map indicating the country dense road network coverage-Source: NLA data 2022. 4.3.2 Existing situation The transport zone is established to identify and locate major transport related areas including public transport services such as car parking, BRT, airports, railway and depots associated with public transport uses, transport terminus. During Huye DLUP 2023-2050 elaboration the following road network have been identified: ● National Road ● District Road Class 1 ● District Road Class 2 ● Unclassified Roads Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 69 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 48 Road category Number of Km2 Observations 1 National Roads (NR): Paved 73km completed, 23km under construction Maintenance under Community Approach through MoU between District, RMF and RTDA Unpaved 74km 2 District Road Class I/Unpaved 169.5km 3 Unclassified road TBD Table 11: Classification of Huye Districts Roads under development 4.3.3 Planning perspectives The NLUDMP recommends the following components for future land transportation by 2050: ● National Road, 22m from the center line. ● District road class1, 12m from center line ● District roads class2, 12 m from center line. ● Other roads (Sector roads, Cell roads, feeder roads), 12 m from center line; Transportation as one of the key sectors which has a spatial dimension and requirement for land allocations for the sectorial activities, It is recommended and entitled to update its master plan and strategies following NLUDMP guidelines. The preparation of the DLUP will be implementing roads width provided following specific studies conducted and after different field analysis and consultations conducted in Huye District. Table 10 below summarizes road width network classifications that have been considered for rurbans. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 70 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 49 Road Category Code Planned Width in Meters Arterial Belt and National Road NR 22m x 2 from center line District road class1 DR1 22 m x 2 from center line District roads class2 DR2 12 m x 2 from center line Other roads Access road AR 6m x 2 from center line Servicing roads SR 4.5m x 2 from center line Table 12: Proposed Categories Road width per road category for 2050 Map 7: Road network in Huye District-Source: Huye District Data 2021 The figure above shows the District Roads Class II Over all Sectors in Huye District, on-going Road Classification in Huye Secondary City. OID Road Type Brownfield Revised Green Field Revised Width (m) Width (m) 1 Outer ring road-National Highway 27 44 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 71 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 50 2 High Capacity Corridor-District Road Class 1 27 44 3 High Capacity Urban Roads 27 44 4 Major Arterial 27 37.5 5 Major Arterial BRT/PTC 29 53.4 (41) 6 Minor Arterial 15 27.6 7 Minor Arterial BRT/PTC 15 26.6 8 Collector 15 26 9 Collector BRT/PTC 15 26 10 Collector in rural areas-Unpopulated/ Undeveloped/ rural road 21 37 11 Local road 8m-6m 12.5m-10m-8m Table 13: Road width per road category 4.4 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES 4.4.1 Education facilities As far as education is concerned, Huye secondary city has been known as a hub of education, for its intellectual capacity, whereby it has several academic institutions and a host to the largest campus of the University of Rwanda, various education institutions such as the prestigious Nyakibanda Seminary. Huye District is ranked ninth with 84.5% of individuals aged six and above having at some time attended school. 4.4.1.1 Existing situation Education Number of Primary Schools 98 Number of classrooms in P.Ss 934 Number of desks in primary schools 17398 Number of secondary schools 50 Number of classrooms in S.Ss 558 Number of desks in secondary schools 9550 Number of VTCs 11 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 72 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 51 Number of VTC classrooms 73 Number of desks in VTC 536 Primary Promotion rate 76.5% Primary repetition rate 15.9% Primary dropout rate 7.5% Lower secondary Promotion rate 82.3% Lower secondary repetition rate 9.3% Lower secondary dropout rate 8.3% Upper secondary Promotion rate 93.5% Upper secondary repetition rate 4.1% Upper secondary dropout rate 2.4% Net attendance ratio in Primary school Male 83%, Female 90% Net attendance ratio in Secondary school Male 30%, Female 40% Table 14: Huye District education and supporting infrastructures The table above indicates the progress of education in Huye District for the last 7 years where the number of primary schools, classrooms, and number of desks for sitting arrangements has been increasing as indicated in the figures in the above table. This applies also to secondary schools and VTCs as well as classrooms and desks. The table also indicates the repetition rate and dropout rates mainly caused by environments, the role of parental care and the eagerness for students to earn their living. % distribution of de facto male and female HHs population above 6yrs by the highest level of education attained No education Male:15% Female: 20% Male:13% Female: 19% Primary Male: 65% Female: 62% Male: 71% Female: 66% Secondary Male: 15% Female: 15% Male: 13% Female: 13% Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 73 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 52 Higher Male: 5% Female: 3% Male: 3% Female: 2% Net attendance ratio in primary schools Male: 83.7%[1] Female:84.6% Male: 87.1% Female:88.2% Net attendance in secondary schools Male: 17.0% Female:23.5% Male: 21.3% Female:25.1% Literacy rate (%) of population aged 15 above 72.4% (EICV 4) 87.3% Table 15: % distribution of HHs population above 6yrs by the highest education level attained Number of primary schools 98 Number of classrooms in Primary schools 934 Number of desks in primary schools 17,398 Number of secondary schools 50 Number of classrooms in secondary schools 558 Number of desks in secondary schools 9,550 Number of TVET Centers 11 Number of TVET Classrooms 73 Number of desks in TVET Centers 536 Table 16: Number of schools at district level, classrooms, and desk at different school levels in Huye District. By 2017 the net school attendance rate stood at 92.6% in primary schools and 23.4% in secondary schools. The existing 9 & 12 YBE is solving the school densification challenges within those primary and secondary schools in Huye including new classrooms under construction in the framework collaboration with the World Bank to have expanded classrooms as the measure for further combating and preventing Covid-19. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 74 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 53 SN Names Numbers Status 2021 1 Primary Schools 109 Good 2 Secondary Schools 47 Good 3 TVETs 6 Good 4 ECDs 113 Good 5 University 5 Good Table 17: Status of Huye District schools. Huye District education sector is organized from pre-nursery, nursery schools, primary schools, secondary schools, technical and vocational education and training schools, higher learning education/universities. For primary schools Huye currently has 109 primary schools with 966 classrooms and enrolled 66,590 pupils. secondary schools are composed of 47 schools, 774 classrooms and 20,024. students, 113 ECDs 6 TVET and 5 Universities. 4.4.1.2 Planning perspectives NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines on education sector The 2050 perceptions ensure access to good quality of education in the initial years of life through increased investments in early childhood development to achieve universal pre-primary enrolment rates by 2050.Access to quality primary education will be confirmed too. All classes will reach middle-income standards for pupil/classroom and pupil/teacher ratios by 2035.Teachers will be empowered and equipped to deliver an education that provides all Rwandans with the capabilities to improve their skills and productivity continually (NLUDMP 2020-2050). According to NLUDMP 2020-2050, the following standards and parameters have been established for nursery and primary schools: Nursery and Primary Education by 2050: Average class size: 35 pupils/class Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 75 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 54 Average school size: 840 pupils Required size for a nursery school: 0.5Ha Required size for a primary school: 1Ha The following standards and parameters have been established for secondary, vocational, and technical education by 2050, which will support the reform of quality and quantity. Enrolment rate will be 90%. Average class size: 35 pupils/class Average school size: 840 pupils Required size for a secondary school: 1.5Ha Required size for vocational and technical school: 2Ha Currently, the percentage of children of school age in Huye District will be used as a standard at the district level. Thus,7.12% are in pre-primary,14.2% in primary and 14.2 % in secondary school and existing number of classrooms include 386 in Nursery, 1572 in primary school and 839 in Secondary. These percentages will be applied to the total population year by year and considering the standard of 840 children per school (NLUDMP 2020-2050), the calculation of schools needed to accommodate all school-age children to implement the Education for all policy. Determination of number of schools needed The number of schoos is determined by the following formula Ns= 𝑃1∗ 𝑆(6−11) 𝑄𝑠 Where, Ns: Number of Schools are needed S (6-11): Percentage of the population who aged 6-11 years group/depends age group Qs= Standard number of students for a level school (ECD, Nursery, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) P1: Present total Population Determination of number of Nursery schools needed. Description 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Total Population 381,900 422,452 499,831 591,383 699,703 827,864 979,500 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 76 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 55 Percentage of Babies in Nursery 7.12% 7.12% 7.12% 7.12% 7.12% 7.12% 7.12% Nursery ( 3-5) 27191 30079 35588 42106 49819 58944 69740 Planned school 32 36 42 50 59 70 83 Planned Classrooms 777 859 1017 1203 1423 1684 1993 Required Classrooms 391 473 631 817 1037 1298 1607 Required Schools 16 20 26 34 43 54 67 Table 18: the required number of schools in the District From the table above, it shows that by considering the required number of schools in the District there is more schools needed. Currently, however, by considering the number of classrooms in existing schools and the current number of students, the current demand of classrooms is 817 classrooms by the year 2023-2035. By 2035-2050-; 1607 classrooms are needed. Furthermore, from community consultations meeting, it was found that ECDs are needed as through the community arrangement where the home based ECDs (Amarerero yo mugo) have big number, therefore 1 ECD per each rural settlement site is needed. Determination of number of Primary schools needed. Description 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Total Population 381,900 422,452 499,831 591,383 699,705 827,864 979,500 Percentage of Children in Primary 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% Primary (6-11) 54,382 59,988 70,976 83,976 99,358 117,557 139,089 Children / School(2050) 840 840 840 840 840 840 840 Planned school 65 71 84 100 118 140 166 Planned Classrooms 1554 1714 2028 2399 2839 3359 3974 Required Classrooms -18 142 456 827 1267 1787 2402 Required Schools -1 5 16 30 45 64 86 Table 19: the required number of primary schools in the District The table above shows that the Huye District will need new primary schools. The need remains at the level rehabilitation, extension, or relocation of school/Classrooms to the new site. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 77 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 56 Determination of number of Secondary schools needed. Description 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Total Population 381,900 422,452 499,831 591,383 699,705 827,864 979,500 Percentage of Children in Secondary 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% 14.2% Secondary (12-17) 54,382 59,988 70,976 83,976 99,358 117,557 139,089 Children / School 840 840 840 840 840 840 840 Planned school 65 71 84 100 118 140 166 Planned Classrooms 1554 1714 2028 2399 2839 3359 3974 Required Classrooms 715 875 1189 1560 2000 2520 3135 Required Schools 30 36 50 65 83 105 131 TVETs Schools (60%) 18 22 30 39 50 63 78 General Education (40%) 12 14 20 26 33 42 53 Table 20: the required number of secondary schools in the District At the level of secondary schools, the needs for the construction of schools from the year 2022 where in 2022 ,30 schools were needed and the total number of schools of the secondary level to be constructed should be 131 by 2050.This will need to build an average of 78 schools for TVETs and 53 Schools for General Education. Due to the vision 2050 and NST1 which are aimed to achieve education for all by 2050, National Land Authority (2022) through Land Use Plans Zoning Regulations Guiding Tool provided the Guidelines regulating the school facilities for instance secondary school covers a lot size of 1.5 Ha, primary school needs 1Ha lot size and nursery requires 0.5 Ha. • Land Requirements for Education infrastructure establishing schools in Huye District in alignment with NLUDMP 2020-2050. The above tables show Huye District Educational facilities will be planned based on the following guidelines related to land allocation and must be fully complied to by the District during implementation of any project to be respected through the District at each project of schools construction up to 2050. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 78 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 57 Order School category Maximum size of land requirement (in Ha) 1 Nursery 0.5 2 Primary 1 3 Secondary 1.5 4 TVET 2 5 Higher education & Universities 3 Table 21: Land size requirement per school category-Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 4.4.2 Healthcare facilities 4.4.2.1 Existing situation for healthcare services in Huye District Healthcare is considered as a key essential component of overall social and economic development. The quality of life in human settlements depends on the state of health care which in turn is linked with availability of safe water, waste disposal, transportation, housing, sanitation, and food. Most healthcare services in the District of Huye are currently delivered by the Government in terms of providing and management of hospitals and other health centers. However, the local authorities, church missions, industrial health units and private institutions and individuals also provide small scale healthcare services to support the Government on service delivery, these range from private pharmacy and private medical clinics established in different urban areas and rural settings. Huye District possesses some healthcare facilities including a district hospital, health centers and health post). The issue is that some of these facilities are lacking the necessary equipment and personnel to enable the providing the better and quality services desired by people. There is a need to increase the capacity of CHUB to meet the needs of people. The district further still has experienced some hindrances in providing efficient healthcare services for the fast-growing population because it really needs heavy investment to upgrade, modernize and construct new healthcare facilities. The district health coverage is composed of 3 Hospitals and 16 Health centers throughout all Sectors of Huye District. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 79 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 58 Healthcare Facilities Names Numbers Status 2021 1 Hospitals 3 Good 2 Health Centers 16 Fair 3 Health Posts 23 Good 4 Private Clinique 3 Good Table 22: Status of Healthcare Facilities in Huye District- Source: Huye District, 2021 Healthcare % of de jure under age 5 whose birth are registered with civil authorities 61% % of de jure HH members with Health insurance 79% Median age at first marriage Male: 23.8; Female: 27.1 Median number of months since preceding birth (birth interval) 43.2 Median age at first birth among women age 25-49 24.5 % of women aged 15-19 who have begun childbearing 10% Wanted and observed total fertility rates for women age 15-49 Wanted TFR: 3.0; Observed TFR: 4.0 % of men and women who heard or saw a family planning message by type of channel Radio Men: 88% ; Women: 44% Television Men: 8% ; Women: 11% Newspaper/magazine Men: 11% ; Women:7% None Men: 12 ; Women: 54% Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 80 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 59 % of women aged 15-49 who received antenatal care from a skilled provider 99% % of mothers 15-49 who delivered in a health facility 95% % of mothers assisted by a skilled provider during delivery 96% % of women/newborn who received postnatal checkup in the first two days after birth Women: 45%; Newborn: 30% Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) among children under-five years 5.0% Prevalence of Diarrhea among children under five years 18.0% % of children aged 6-59 months classified as having anemia (hemoglobin<11.0gr/dl 47.0% Prevalence of anemia among women age 15-49 29.0% % of de facto HH's population with an Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) 66.0% % of children under age 5 who sleep under ITN 66.0% Prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years 15.0% Prevalence of malaria among women age 15-49 1.4% % of people with complete knowledge of HIV prevention methods Men: 90% ; Women: 84% % of women and men aged 15-49 with comprehensive knowledge on HIV Men: 77% ; Women: 71% Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and STI symptoms Men: 1% ; Women: 11% Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 81 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 60 % of men aged 15-49 who are circumcised 29% % of women and men aged 15-49 with HIV prevalence Men: 2.5% ; Women: 3.2% Nutrition % of children under 5 years by nutritional status Stunted 43% Wasting 1% Underweight 13% Median duration of exclusively breastfed children under age 5 7.2 % distribution of women aged 15-49, by nutritional Status Total thin 9% Total normal 72% Total overweight or obese 19% Table 23: Health status in Huye District-Source: DHS5-Southern Province 2014-2015 4.4.2.2 Planned Healthcare Facilities by 2050 According to NLUMP 2050, each approved and approved rural settlement site selected will be mandated to have one health post that will be constructed on a maximum 600 sqm of land. No health facility will be allowed to be established outside of rural settlement sites. Rural settlement sites will be detailed and zoned to have all land use categories that support residential settlement and other land uses. One1 Health Centre of 2000 Sqm Ha each per Sector. It is further suggested by NLUDMP 2020 2050 that 14 health centers are planned to be constructed in Huye District to which every Sector will have a health center. Each health center will be constructed in 2000 sqm, but it is Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 82 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 61 recommended to construct health centers vertically and any other Healthcare Facilities for efficient land utilization. Concerning District Hospital, it is planned that two District Hospitals of 2 Ha each will, two hospitals are planned to be constructed at Huye District level and the hospital should be constructed on land size of 2Ha 4.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES Energy stands at the core of Rwanda’s economic aspirations and development strategies. It serves as a cornerstone supporting various sectors, including housing and urbanization, manufacturing, agro-processing, mining, tourism, and information technology. Consequently, a well-functioning and efficient energy sector play a pivotal role in realizing the nation's overarching objectives. Rwanda’s energy sector comprises three primary sub-sectors: power, hydrocarbon, and new and renewable energy sources. Notably, renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, peat, wind, geothermal, and hydropower are integral components. Among these, biomass stands out as the most prevalent, exerting significant influence over both the demand and supply aspects of the Rwandan economy. 4.5.1 Power supply • Existing situation of electricity connectivity and other sources of energy According to population and housing cencus 2022, in Huye District 54.5% of households that have access to electricity. 66.7% in urban areas and 50.5% in rural areas. Only 37% of private households rely on electricity from REG as their primary source of energy for lighting, contrasting with 47% nationally. This underscores the prevalent dependence on firewood for cooking among the majority of Huye residents, standing at 83.6%, in comparison to 76.1% nationwide. Additionally, charcoal is utilized by a minimal fraction of Huye's population (7.1%) as a cooking fuel source, significantly lower than the 17.3% observed at the national level. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 83 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 62 Map 8: Huye transmission and distribution network • Planning perspectives Energy plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth by catalyzing the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and mitigating the operational costs associated with conducting business. In Huye District, approximately 50.9% of households currently lack access to electricity, whether through the grid or off-grid systems. This significant portion of the population faces barriers to development and growth, as electricity serves as a fundamental catalyst for modern technology adoption and socio-economic advancement. According to Vision 2050, achieving a sustainable energy supply and demand requires universal access to electricity for all households by 2035, whether through grid connectivity or off-grid solutions. This ambitious goal underscores the importance of bridging the electricity gap to foster inclusive development and improve the quality of life for residents in Huye District. The projection of electricity accessibility is presented in the table below: Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 84 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 63 HHs 2022 HHs 2035 HHs 2050 Households 77,915 147,845 244,875 Urban Households 20,053 86,556 157,375 Rural Households 77,915 61,289 87,500 Access to electricity (%) 54.5 100 100 Table 24: Electricity demand projection To achieve this transformation (bridging the electricity gap), Huye District must enhance energy production and diversify its sources by investing in alternative energy solutions. It is crucial to reduce dependence on biomass by maximizing the use of gas and other viable alternatives. By 2035, the focus will be on increasing electrification rates and expanding energy generation capacity across all Sectors, including rural areas. Furthermore, there will be a dedicated effort to ensure equitable distribution of energy access across all socioeconomic groups. 4.5.2 Water supply • Existing situation The provision of potable water in Huye District primarily relies on WASAC, a state-owned public utility responsible for water production, transmission, and distribution in Rwanda. According to the 2022 population and housing census, 88.6% of private households in Huye District have access to improved drinking water. This access varies between urban (97.7%) and rural (86.6%) areas. The predominant sources of drinking water for most households include protected springs/wells (44.6%) and public taps outside the compound (27.6%). (12.5%) has piped water within their compounds, higher than the national average of 11.5%. Data from the EICV 5 (2017) reveals that 2.3% of households in Huye spend between 30-59 minutes reaching their primary water source. However, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) recommends that water sources ideally be within 1,000 meters or approximately a 10 minute walk from homes or communities. This proximity is crucial for reducing collection time and distance, particularly for vulnerable populations such as women, children, and the elderly. • Planning perspective Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 85 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 64 As per Water Supply Masterplan of 2021, the ongoing economic development within Huye District is anticipated to enhance the living standards of households. Consequently, there will be a rise in unit water demand, projected to reach 70 liters per capita per day (l/c/d) in urban areas and 30 l/c/d in rural areas by the year 2050. This forecast underscores the necessity for significant improvements within the district. According to the water statistics report of 2022 by RURA, water consumption in Huye District stood at 690 cubic meters per day (m3/day) in 2022. By 2050, this figure is expected to surge to 39,044m3/day, with an intermediate projection of 23,573m3/day by 2035. These estimates are crucial as they signify a crucial milestone: achieving a 100% water supply coverage for all residents of Huye District. The distribution of water consumption between urban and rural areas is presented in the table below: Population 2022 Population 2035 Population 2050 District Population 328,398 591,383 979,500 Urban Population 79,744 346,225 629,500 Rural Population 302,156 245,157 350,000 Urban Water demand 70l/p/d 145 13,801 25,093 Rural Water demand 30l/p/d 545 9,772 13,951 Total (m3/day) 690 23,573 39,044 Table 25: Water consumption between urban and rural areas Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 86 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 65 4.6 AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK 4.6.1 Agriculture Agriculture plays a major role in Rwanda's national planning. One of the six Pillars of Rwanda's VISION 2020 is productive high value and market-oriented agriculture. The task for NLUDMP is to provide the spatial infrastructure needed to realize this goal. Agriculture in Rwanda plays a dual role, in generating income and foreign currency through export of agricultural products (mainly coffee and tea) and in generating food for the local population. Given the size of the country and population, the main question to be asked is whether it is possible to feed the local population (today and in 30 years from now) given the limited arable land. The food needs of the growing population of Rwanda were analyzed based on three scenarios regarding agricultural yields' development, to calculate the size of the agricultural land needed for protection within the NLUDMP. In a business-as-usual situation, given the current crops' yields – the farmland in Rwanda will not be sufficient to feed 22.1 million people in 2050, because this situation requires large agricultural land surface almost 4 times the current size which is not possible. In a realistic scenario where, within 20 years, 80% of farmers are commercial and the consumption of livestock products rises to 10% of the diet, the farmland in Rwanda is still not sufficient to provide food for a population of 22.1 million people by 2050. Even if the yields in Rwanda improve to the best practice, the existing farmlands cannot provide food for 22.1 million people due to several factors among which physical landscape, erosion and the competition over land. The recommendation is therefore to protect the current agricultural land of 10,949 Km2 (41.6%) meaning that for the period of 3 decades to achieve vision 2050, only 12,433 Km2 (47.2%) of agriculture land to be reserved to satisfy future generations and to be protected and efficiently utilized and enlarge it as much as possible, given the demand for other land uses and possibly up to 15,000 km² to have room for sustainable food security. The farmers should be no more than 30% of the projected population with less than 10% of agriculture contribution to the GDP and this does not mean reducing the size and value of Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 87 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 66 farmlands, but rather increasing the economic growth of other sectors like Industry and services. The average Land per farmer ratio should be around 1.5 hectares in a consolidated form. In the Eastern, Northern and Southern districts (the LUCA A areas in NLUD MP 2050) agriculture should be developed further, so that cultivated land grows in size, and yields improve dramatically. However, in the Western districts, where landslides prevail, other economic sectors should be emphasized. In 2050, the agricultural land / farm (household) ration should be around 0.75 hectares per farm (household). About 8.4% of the workforce will be employed in commercial agriculture. Scattered homestead homesteads will be eliminated gradually, consolidated/agglomerated in few settlement sites to decongest agriculture zones to and allow the use of technology in agriculture. Based on all these recommendations, in 2050 Rwanda will fulfill its vision of a nation that enjoys food security, nutritional health and sustainable agricultural growth from a productive, green and market-led agricultural sector. 4.6.1.1 Existing situation The district of Huye has a surface land area of 581.5 km2 (NISR, 2019). Data collected by NLA (2021) showed that available land for farming activities on hillside and marshlands is about 348.3 km2 and 40.2 km2, respectively. This makes a total of 388.5 km2 of the district agricultural land; however, only 270 km2 of it is cultivated (EICV5). The proportion of lands protected against soil erosion is estimated to 81.6% which highlights an important achievement in terms of land management. The farming systems are dominated by a wide range of crops which occupy different land sizes following farmers’ prioritization. These are namely legumes and pulses (9,040 Ha), root and tubers (7,856 Ha), banana (5,212 Ha), cereals (3,649 Ha) and vegetables and fruits (808 Ha) • Agricultural Land Suitability for Huye District Huye District belongs to the land use category (LUCA) B considered as agricultural suitable lands. Although farmers are used to cultivating a variety of crops, the region is most suitable for maize as a food crop and tea as well as coffee as industrial crops. Agriculture suitability analysis has been conducted countrywide for guiding districts in Agriculture development. For the national scale, the suitability studies combine 8 crops which Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 88 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 67 are: Maize, Beans, Potato, and Soja bean, Cassava, Banana, Coffee and Tea. The following suitability categories have been established: ❖ S1 : Best suitable ❖ S2: Suitable ❖ S3: Low suitable ❖ N1: Poor suitability ❖ N2: Not suitable Only categories S1 and S3 have been identified as main suitable lands for above-mentioned crops in Huye District. The total agricultural land size in Huye District is represented by two categories as follow: The information related to the area size for suitable agricultural land considering eight crops; per category as provided above is spatially represented by the map below: S1 representing most suitable agricultural land is less important in Huye District with 7,242.30 Ha against 49,377.9 Ha; the lands for S3 which is low suitable. The suitable lands (3) are mostly located in Swamplands. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 89 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 68 Figure 19: Crop suitability map in Huye District As illustrated by the figure (map) above the S1 dominates as it occupies 78.7 Km2 (Including 62.7 Km2 of Swamplands and their buffers) while the S3 covers 283 Km2 of the District size. Agriculture development is in general hampered by land fragmentation due to scattered settlements in agricultural landscapes. Scattered homesteads will be eliminated gradually, consolidated/agglomerated in a few settlement sites to decongest agriculture zones to allow the use of technology in agriculture. The analysis of the existing built-up and house footprints, the DLUP identified 38,462 houses of 2.4 Km2 in the agriculture zones to be relocated. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 90 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 69 In order to ensure food security by 2050, one of the strategies is to group farmers into settlements out of agricultural lands and prioritize agriculture development projects and techniques such as drainage, irrigation, erosion control mechanisms, especially radical terraces development, the use of fertilizers, land use consolidation, crop regionalization, agricultural mechanization, farmers cooperatives formation, agricultural research and extension services. Further identification and delineation of suitable agricultural land, initiative and opportunity to enlarge will be an important pillar of agricultural development. 4.6.1.2 Planning perspectives Results from the population census showed that the population of Huye District is estimated to be 328,298 inhabitants (r). With an annual growth rate of 2.58% per year, it is expected that the Huye population will almost increase to 582,401 inhabitants by 2050 (NISR, 2019). It is also projected that the available land for agriculture will shift from 388.5 km2 (hillside: 348.3 km2; marshlands: 40.2 km2) in 2021 to 341.6 km2 (hillside: 302.3 km2; marshlands: 39.33 km2) by 2050. The slight decrease of agricultural land by 2050 can be justified by the promotion of other land use categories (settlements, industries etc…) in Huye District. Although agriculture can still meet the current food needs of the population of the district with the possibility of increasing the land under crop production, agriculture development is likely to be hampered by low use of modern, improved agricultural inputs. Most farmers are still using traditional seeds (96.9%) and only 37.4 % use mineral fertilizers while the irrigated land is about 7.8%. This is exacerbated by the constraint associated with the land fragmentation due to scattered settlements in agricultural landscapes. To meet the food security of the growing population (582,401 inhabitants) by 2050, one of the strategies is to address the mentioned production constraints. This will need to relocate farmers from agricultural lands and group them in rurban settlements and protect them against other encroachments. Moreover, farmers will be professionalized and commercialized value chains developed. This will allow availing more lands for agriculture and enhance farmers’ adoption of modern inputs (such as improved seeds) and new fertilizer technologies focused on the efficient and utilization of fertilizer rates to meet crop nutrition needs and thus increased crop productivity. Besides, people operating in agriculture will be empowered by linking them to agriculture finance and risk sharing facilities. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 91 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 70 4.6.2 Livestock Huye is one of the districts with improved livestock farming and records higher and the milk yield of milk production is significantly high compared to other districts of Southern Province of Rwanda. Livestock farmers are organized in cooperatives and produce about 101,300 liters per day collected through various milk collection centers. The milk is then processed and sold to Kigali markets and other areas in the country. The small stocks such as goat, sheep, pigs, chicken which also contribute to socio-economic life of the populations in the districts. Livestock products such as impu (skins) The District is advised to continue specializing and modernizing livestock farming, increasing technology as well as focusing on improved growing of wheat, soybean and maize production to feed cows that will increase milk production sufficiently. S/N Name of M.C.C Sectors Number GISHAMVU KARAMA KIGOMA 1. Kinazi MCC 2. Kidaco MCC 3. Rudako MCC KINAZI 3 MARABA Mbazi milk collection Point MBAZI 1 MUKURA NGOMA RUHASHYA HUYE Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 92 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 71 RUSATIRA Rwaniro milk collection Point RWANIRO 2 Simbi milk collection Point SIMBI 1 Tumba milk collection Point TUMBA 1 TOTAL 8 Table 26: List of M.C.C operating in Huye District 4.7 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Rwanda is a natural resources-based economy, and therefore environment and climate change issues are a key priority and cross-cutting area that needs to be enhanced as stated in various medium and long-term national planning and strategic documents. Based on this, the key to planning and implementing the NLUDMP is to ensure harmonization of land allocation for each Sector while at the same time ensuring that there are targeted efforts to the conservation of natural resources and promotion of their sustainable use. 4.7.1 Forestry The vision of Rwanda is to achieve and sustain forest cover at 30%. The most recent data on forestry in Rwanda based on the 2019 forest cover informed that the Rwanda forest cover is about 7,246 km2 which is equivalent to 30.4% of the dry land. Specifically, 53.5% of the forest cover are plantations, 23.3% is wooded savannah in the East, 18.1% are natural mountain rain-forests, and 6.1% are shrubs. In addition, Bamboo stands occupy only 613 hectares and its plantations have mainly grown in the buffer zones of rivers (Rwanda Forest Cover, 2019). 4.7.1.1 Existing Situation Particularly, forests in Huye District cover 14,688 ha which is about 25% of total district land. Specifically, 14,448 ha (98%) are forest plantations and 240 ha (2%) for natural vegetation. The highest forested Sectors are Karama with 2,223 ha (42% of the Sector land), followed by Maraba Sector with 1,894ha (37%), Gishamvu with 1,163 ha (38%), Kigoma with 1,144 ha (22%), Huye with 1,123 ha and Rusatira with 1,002 ha (19%). The least forested Sectors are Kinazi Sector with 851 ha (14%) and Rwaniro Sector with 875 ha which is equivalent to 16% of the total Sector land Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 93 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 72 (Rwanda Forest Cover, 2019). Forest of Arboretum, in Butare cell, Ngoma Sector with mixed species of trees; were planted for the purpose of education and academic research. Map 9: Existing forest cover in Huye District 4.7.1.2 Planning Perspectives Huye Districts seems to be forested even if it has not yet met the recommended target for the country of 30%. The District is still working on afforestation and fighting against deforestation. The last decade shows that the afforestation rate is 35% against deforestation of 11% over ten years from 2009. The highest afforested Sectors are Simbi with 91.7%, followed by Ruhashya with 75.3%, and then Mbazi Sector with 63.4%. In addition, the District Forest Management Plan (DFMP) provides a clear plan on the reforestation of mountain ridges of Maraba, Karama, Gishamvu and Rusatira, which are under continuous degradation in order to improve the productivity of public forests in Huye District. Further, forest plantation on steep slopes, agroforestry, protection of road and river sides as well as introduction of urban forestry and trees in open spaces found in towns and centers are still recommended in order to reach the national target and sustainable development of Huye District. The surface area of forest cover (2019) has decreased with more than 3,400 ha in Huye District compared to forest cover in the land use plan for Huye District due to existing small forests Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 94 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 73 merged to other zoning like residential or agriculture, therefore it is proposed to compensate that area by deforestation the buffer zones and area of high slope within the district. The efforts for preventing deforestation in order to protect the environment and combating the land degradation issues are required while increasing forest ecosystem cover and implementing forest management strategies, therefore high slope zones that are greater than 55, will be used for afforestation in order to improve forestry and environmental protection in the district. 4.7.2 Swamplands There are 935 swamps under the order No 006/03 of 30/01/2017, drawing up a list of swamplands, their characteristics, and boundaries, and determining modalities of their use, development, and management. They have a total of a recorded 276,477 ha where 74% of total Swamplands are under conditional exploitation, 6% are under full exploitation, and 20% of the full Swamplands are fully protected. 4.7.2.1 Existing Situation The Swamplands have been used for agriculture, clay mining, and brick production; only a few Swamplands remain untouched and in their natural state. Cultivated Swamplands are classified into two main types. The first type of Swampland is one with developed modern monoculture farming practices. The second category of Swamplands includes those that are individually cultivated with a variety of crops. 4.7.2.2 Planning Perspectives Swampland maintain critical hydrologic processes that help in ground and surface water as well as supporting in improving local livelihoods therefore it is necessary for enforcing zoning regulation to ensure limited acquisition of Swampland for enhancing protections. Particularly it is necessary to protect all the buffer zones for Swamplands or have their use guided. A Swampland sectorial master plan will be highly advantageous hence to assure Protection of the totality of the Swamplands which would be marked preserved. Furthermore, the master plan indicates the part of the Swamplands to be used conditionally for other uses, e.g., Recreation, research, tourism, etc. Moreover, to identify the urban Swampland points suitable for collecting and filtering for storm water from the urban areas as well as describing degraded Swampland to have a focus on while planning Swampland restoration. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 95 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 74 4.7.3 Water bodies Countrywide, water bodies occupy 6.2 % of the total area of the country that accounts for about 1537 km2. Most of the lakes and rivers are fed by marshes, which in turn are fed by shallow groundwater and seasonal floods. One hundred one lakes cover 149,487 ha, and 861 rivers totaling to 6462 km in length in Rwanda. The central pressures on water resources result from the use of utilizing the natural resources to meet basic household needs as well as social-economic development, e.g., undertaking Agriculture. 4.7.3.1 Existing Situation Except for Mwogo and Agatobwe rivers which are of the category 3 according to the classification of rivers by Water Resources Master Plan, there are no sizable rivers in the district. Mwogo River origins can be traced back to Kitabi Sector of Nyamagabe District. It runs eastward past Nyarusiza into the Huye District and continues to join Rukarara River, both to become the primary source of water used in Nyanza District. 4.7.3.2 Planning Perspectives By adhering to the water policies and strategies, it is essential to ensuring that all the water bodies and their buffer zones are fully protected, particularly prohibiting settlements in 50m from lakeshores, 10m for rivers and 20m buffer for Swampland boundaries. Buffer zones are used for forestry, tourism and conservation efforts. Moreover, the development of hydrological and hydraulic at district and catchment levels, through the support of hydrological and hydraulic models, improved rainfall monitoring, river flow and groundwater monitoring and a better understanding of agro-meteorology and water quality testing. Furthermore, enhance and improve the knowledge and operations of water users within districts, catchments area, irrigated and mining sites etc. as instructed in the NLUDMP 2020-2050. 4.7.4 Mining The Government of Rwanda recognizes that the mining sector has the potential to become one of the drivers of long-term sustainable growth through economic transformation, industrialization and inclusive growth taking into account environmental and social considerations and using green mining techniques. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 96 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 75 4.7.4.1 Existing Situation The major minerals extracted in Huye District are Cassiterite, Coltan and construction materials (Clay, Sandstone and gravel). The minerals are extracted specifically in the Kigoma and Rwaniro Sectors. The mining activity dated for a long time in these Sectors. Due to the size of the mining concessions under exploration, their layers must be overlaid on the major land uses except residential use. Mineral resources estimation will come up to concession size reduction. As the land use master plan is dynamic, it will update the potential mining areas. Industrial materials (especially Clay) are extracted in different swamps of Huye District and their extraction will follow the use of the swamps for commercial purposes as per the Prime Minister’s order N°006/03 of 30/01/2017 drawing up a list of swamp lands, their characteristics and boundaries and determining modalities of their use, development, and management. 4.7.4.2 Planning Perspectives The mining sector employs over 60,000 people countrywide and has generated 733 USD in 2020. Its contribution to the GDP was 2% in 2020. The mining activities play an important role in the economic and social development of Huye District. The exploration and extraction of Coltan, Cassiterite and industrial minerals and construction material will employ a big number of people, especially the ones living in the nearby mining concessions. The mining activities will generate money through opportunities for employment, backwards and forward linkages that will overall generate substantial social and economic benefits to the district. To ensure sustainable mining the following needs to be ensured and undertaken going forward: ❖ Undertaking a land-use analysis (cost-benefit analysis) for current land use versus the proposed mining activities and use the analysis results to understand the best land use; ❖ Undertaking of a complete risks analysis (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study approved by the competent authority) to the natural and human environment before the licensing of the mining activities; ❖ Developing and Implement land-use master plan concerning the proposed mining activities; ❖ Undertake and Enforce environmental and social assessment and monitoring (EIA, EA,SIA, EMP); ❖ Enforce the programs for orderly, rehabilitation, restoration, and utilization of mining sites after an operation; Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 97 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 76 ❖ Develop a mine drainage and leaching of contaminants plan associated with mining metals to avoid impacts on rivers, streams and water quality. ❖ To protect other natural resources during mining activities 4.7.5 Green Urbanization The District Land Use Plan will be anchored on the implementation of Green cities, green villages, green buildings, and green transport in both rural and urban areas as well as ensuring that there is adequate sanitation, urban drainage and water control systems, and recycling in all settlement areas in rural, rurban and urban settings for preventing the Unsustainable land use due to Urbanization and human settlement that have an impact on natural habitat and environment. 4.7.5.1 Existing Situation Because Huye is a secondary city, the NLUDMP projected the population of Huye to be between 250-650K whereas the current population is 365889 inhabitants; this implying that green urban development and other factors are required to increase the number of inhabitants from rural area. Huye urban area is made by 3 emerging centers and district town which is considered as secondary city that is divided into residential areas in the north and south, and a cluster with commercial, administrative, and public institutions in the center, with agriculture serving as the backbone sector for Huye economic growth (NR, 2015), with high potential for historical and cultural tourism and resource-based manufacturing opportunities. 4.7.5.2 Planning Perspectives Various actions must be implemented to guarantee that the NLUDMP is environmentally sustainable in its execution. It is essential that numerous policies and legal frameworks must be reviewed and updated in parallel with the NLUDMP. Therefore, for a green urbanization it is recommended that All Population, Urbanization, Settlements, and Housing (Push) programs of the district must comply with the projection of NLUDMP. Moreover, the district should favor the Investment in green urban infrastructures, green entrepreneurship and jobs such as Green building, Clean energy, etc. In addition, together with MINICOM to develop industrial ecological parks as well as technical training in green industries and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it is advantageous to the district to identify and upgrade the informal settlements as well as develop urban green spaces and assure urban food security. As Huye was meant to be a Hub for Knowledge, Culture and Agribusiness therefore investment has to focus on tourism, Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 98 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 77 agribusiness and education. 4.7.6 Waste Management The amount of solid waste is increasing rapidly because of rapid growth and migration from rural to urban regions. The fast urban population increase has a significant socioeconomic and environmental influence on solid waste management techniques. Within the district some good solid waste collection practices are already in Place, but they need to be strengthened by sorting at the source and recycling a broader range of wastes, Moreover the liquid waste management approaches have to be improved for limiting the ecosystem and Swampland pollution due to unsustainable handling of wastewater in the district. 4.7.6.1 Existing Situation According to The EICV 5, 55.8 % of Huye’s population dispose of their waste by dumping it in nearby bushes or fields. This is higher than the national average of 46.5 percent and is a source of concern for the environment. Residents use a collection service at a rate of 0.1 %, which is significantly lower than the national average of 8.3 %. Huye City lacks a proper landfill. Solid waste is transported to the Sovu composting plant. The studies for this composting plant were conducted with the goal of building a solid waste collection and recycling center to generate compost and briquettes. Since the landfill in Sovu is not well maintained, it may negatively affect the environment and surrounding communities. With poor practices some solid waste from settlements are transported and deposited in the Swampland by runoff. Waste water from Rwabayanga restaurants and lodges pollutes the Rwabayanga Swampland through Rwabayanga area channels and liquid wastes from the market of Rwabayanga, TVET school of Rwabuye which may harm Rwabuye Swampland. 4.7.6.2 Planning Perspectives a) Solid waste The Huye District office intends to build a sanitary landfill in the Sovu cell, which is located outside of Huye City and all waste generated in urban/high-density areas will be collected for being disposed of at an engineered landfill. According the Huye secondary city master Plan, the issues the following issues must be addressed in the city as well as within the whole district, Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 99 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 78 ● Collection and disposal of waste for areas outside of the city centre; ● Reduction in volume of waste generated by the population as well as education of the population on efficient methods of recycling; ● Dumping of large volumes waste into the environment; ● No engineered landfill or solid waste treatment; ● Providing training to District technicians on sustainable waste management measures b) Liquid waste Increased water supply leads to increased sewer flows, which contaminate water sources; this must be mitigated by ensuring adequate sewage collection and disposal methods, as well as vital integrated planning. Moreover, efforts are required for fully implementing the proposed sewer network and treatment plants proposed by the sanitation Master Plan. 4.7.7 Storm water Management Some Swamplands, settlements and infrastructure are often affected by the impact of storm water therefore, actions are required during the implementation of the NLUDMP 2020-2050 through District Land Use Plan for ensuring the adequate sewage treatment and storm water control mechanisms. a) Existing situation Within the District there are Inadequate cross-drainage arrangements to facilitate storm water drainage along crossroads as well as Absence of proper roadside drains which require detailed drainage investigation to be done for developing an effective solution and plan. b) Planning perspectives According to the Huye secondary city master plan, sustainable storm water management practices that Huye could adopt are: vegetated swales which are open-channel drainage ways used to convey storm water runoff that can be used as replacement for the conventional drainage system. Moreover, the Bioretention Swale was a vegetated swale with an additional bio-treatment system at the base. Furthermore, Bioretention Basin is a practice of a landscaped depression or a shallow vegetated basin that is designed to slow down and treat the storm water runoff on-site. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 100 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 79 4.8 TOURISM AND CONSERVATION 4.8.1 Existing situation Tourism is considered one of the vital sectors that have significantly contributed to the socio economic development of the country through revenues generated by the industry in Rwanda. It is recognized as an essential economic sector with the potential to boost domestic economic growth and development, contribute to poverty reduction, job creation, export growth, and prosperity through revenues generated from the tourism industry. This is because the tourism sector can generate much-needed revenues as the country’s largest source of foreign exchange with reported receipts of US$438 million in 2017 and expected to generate over US$800 million by 2024, according to figures and estimates provided by Rwanda Development Board (RDB, 2018) and NST1 projections. 4.8.2 Planning perspectives Tourism in Rwanda has been an expansive phase with strong growth for several years. Part of the growth strategy of tourism in Rwanda is the diversification of tourism products. Tourism in Rwanda has long been associated with one single product: Volcanoes National Park and the mountain gorillas. The mountain gorillas are the main driver of tourism to Rwanda, and an enormous asset in attracting visitors. If Rwanda’s tourism is to continue to grow beyond the capacity of National Parks, diversification of the tourist offering is what the country needs. This means that new key tourism attractions need to be developed. The country has developed the National Tourism Policy and the Sustainable Tourism Master Plan to guide future tourism growth. Rwanda’s Sustainable Tourism Development Plan presents eight Destination Management Areas as a way of diversifying Rwanda’s tourism offering through the creation of new core and supporting products. Among other things a lot of focus is currently on Rwanda’s cultural tourism development hence the development of a specific tourism sub master plan known as Heritage Corridor Tourism Sub Master Plan to develop cultural and historical tourism in Rwanda. Tourism being recognized as an essential economic sector with huge potential to boost domestic economic growth and development, contribute to poverty, job creation, export growth and prosperity through revenues generated from tourism industry, the Government of Rwanda has defined new and ambitious goals for the further development of the country and implementation Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 101 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 80 of different strategies such as the National Strategy for Transformation whereby Rwanda has to double tourism revenues and reach 800 Million USD by 2024. In line with GoR’s vision to diversify the tourism sector, all provinces based on their respective tourism master plans and sub-master plans, or related strategies would be required to develop tourism attractions and sites as well as encourage private investments in areas beyond the current tourism hotspots. According to the 2050 Rwanda’s Vision, new tourism segments will shape the future of the tourism industry, mainly sport, medical, education, water-based, urban, and adventure tourism. These segments reflect Rwanda’s aspirations of becoming a high-value tourism destination hub through diversification. Even though some of these segments may not necessarily be land-based. As far as Huye District is concerned, Heritage Corridor Tourism Sub Master Plan covering the entire southern province has been developed for cultural and historical tourism development and due to its enormous potential for cultural tourism development the district of Huye is envisioned to become the center point of the heritage corridor for domestic and regional tourists. Huye can build on its strong foundation as a heritage and cultural destination thanks to its important historic assets. Based on the 2050 Rwanda’s Vision, the new tourism segments that will shape the future of the tourism industry shall include MICE, Medical, Education, Water-based, Adventure, and Religious tourism. The projected 2050 contribution of each tourism segment is shown in table below: Tourism segment Expected total GDP Contribution% International Domestic Meetings, Incentives, Conference & Exhibition (MICE) 25% 20% 5% Wildlife 20% 12% 8% Cultural and Historical 15% 5% 10% Religious 7% 3% 4% Medical 5% 5% Educational 3% 3% Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 102 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 81 Table 27: Tourism segment by 2050 In line with RDB’s vision to diversify the tourism sector, all provinces based on their respective master plans or strategies would be required to develop tourism attractions and sites as well as encourage investments in areas beyond the current tourism hotspots. According to the 2050 Rwanda’s Vision, new tourism segments will shape the future of the tourism industry, mainly sport, medical, education, water-based, urban, and adventure tourism. These segments reflect Rwanda’s aspirations of becoming a high-value tourism destination hub through diversification. Even though some of these segments may not necessarily be land-based. Some areas of interest for tourism development will be subject to several factors such as environmental impact assessment, accessibility, and compatibility with other economic activities of Rwanda. Key tourism zones like national parks, islands and Tourism strategic lands around lakes and high-end zones for hotels and leisure will take 3,525 Km² (13% of the country surface). Figure 20: Tourists exploring a visiting site. Resources Total Area (Size) National Parks (Akagera, Volcanoes, Nyungwe and Gishwati Mukura), expansions and their buffers 2611 km2 Lakes Islands 16 km2 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 103 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 82 Eco-Tourism land around lakes 886 km2 Functions Tourist parcels outside national parks, allocated for tourism development 12 km2 Table 28: Tourism segment by 2050 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 104 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 83 a) Tourism potential in Huye District In addition to civic facilities, the existing tourism and heritage sites of Huye will be conserved as part of the rich cultural assets of the district. Existing and potential tourism and heritage sites that are within of Huye District include the following: Key Attraction Existing Conditions/Assessment Potential for Improvement Photo Huye Ethnographic Museum This museum was built in 1987, and now houses one of Africa’s finest ethnographic collections. Its seven galleries display historical, ethnographic, artistic and archeological artefacts accompanied by visual aides, giving visitors a rich insight into the culture of Rwanda. ✓ Need to integrate a coffee shop, modern book and gift shop and handcraft selling station and packaging place Butare Cathedral Historic attraction in good condition, preserved by the catholic church The largest church in Rwanda and historically given as a gift from Belgian King Albert and Queen Astrid. Constructed in 1936-1937 ✓ Need of proper signage Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 105 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 84 University of Rwanda (UNR) Established in 1963 by the government of Rwanda in partnership with the Dominicans catholic congregation from the Province of Quebec, Canada. Well preserved by Rwanda University management Easily accessible by foot from Huye town centre ✓ Need proper signage. ✓ Train local guides and story tellers. ✓ Installation of an historical monument Arboretum of Ruhande University of Rwanda A famous University established in 1934 amidst a beautiful forest ideal to study the behavior of imported and indigenous tree species. ✓ Improve the hiking path along the ground. Install benches, birds’ observatory and train local tourism oriented guides. ✓ Brochures and story tellers on the history of University and its colonial buildings. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 106 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 85 Ibisi bya Huye (Mount Huye) Located at the top of Huye Mountain, a beautiful tourism site with a good historical background and a scenic view point Historically related to Nyagakecuru during the reign of King Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543) ✓ Improve access road and the foot path to the top ✓ Needs proper signage Gishamvu Blacksmith Cooperative Handcraft cooperative. Historically known as the place where all the steel tools during kingdom times were made Nowadays they make handcrafts as well as agricultural tools and teach those techniques to youth ✓ Training of cooperatives members in term of tourism oriented business ✓ Needs proper signage and training of local guides. ✓ Creating online and visa card payment facilities Maraba Coffee Plantation & Washing Station Located on the Roadside, 8kms on the road to Nyamagabe. Coffee testing experience ✓ Training of cooperatives members in term of tourism oriented business ✓ Needs proper signage and training of local guides Table 29: Tourism potential in Huye District Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 107 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 86 b) Existing Tourism and Heritage in Huye District potentialities Nyungwe Destination Management Area Further to its tourism assets as part of the heritage corridor, huge potential for tourism development equally lies in its proximity to Nyungwe National Park, one of the oldest rainforests in Africa, rich in biodiversity and spectacularly beautiful. The mountainous region is teaming with wildlife, including a small population of chimpanzees as well as 12 other species of primate, including the L’Hoest’s monkey endemic to the Albertine Rift as well as an aligned marketing plan, and stronger promotion as a tourism transit point for domestic, regional and international tourists. Huye District has the great potential to be attached to this area where tourism is a key destination to, the Park’s extensive area provides the opportunity to create a high-quality, environmentally responsive and internationally renowned birding destination and other tourism attractions. To achieve its potential, the development of more tourism infrastructures, accommodation facilities and leisure /entertainment facilities would strengthen the district’s position as one of the secondary cities targeted by domestic and foreign tourists. In addition to civic facilities, the existing tourism and heritage sites of Huye will be conserved as part of the rich cultural assets of the district. Existing tourism and heritage sites that are within of Huye District include: Roman Catholic Cathedral: Huye is also a religious centre with the presence of a massive Roman Catholic cathedral built in memory of Belgium’s princess Astrid in the 1930s. It has a grand long hallway, arches, and large windows with sculpture of Mary on the spacious garden outside. It is supposed to be the largest in Rwanda. Arboretum De Ruhande: Another interesting asset in Huye is the Arboretum De Ruhande which occupies a 220ha area and is not only a botanical park but also a historical site of Huye District. It was created in 1934 to promote the agroforestry in Rwanda. Although it doesn’t attract as many visitors other than some students and bird watching groups, it has a great potential to develop as one of the tourism destinations. Maraba coffee: Huye is home to the world renowned Maraba coffee trade cooperative and Maraba coffee washing stations are operational in Huye. This is another great tourism potential to increase economic growth. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 108 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 87 Huye Stadium: The presence of a functional stadium in Huye, places it in a good position to attract children and youth for sports training and boost sports tourism. Mount Huye: At an elevation of about 2000m, Mount Huye has beautiful/ scenic views and is a popular destination for hiking. It is said that it is also popular for the cultural folklore around the Nyagakecuru legend. Nyungwe National Park: To the west of Huye is the Nyungwe National Park, a 970sqkm expanse of the only rainforest that stretches towards the Burundi frontier. National Ethnographic Museum: One of Rwanda’s leading cultural attractions, the National Ethnographic Museum is located at the northern entry to Huye City. It was built and donated by the Belgian royal family. It has a wide and well showcased collection of artifacts that provides clear insight into Rwanda’s history, cultural traditions and lifestyles. As Huye is not situated on the main foreign visitor route, the museum does not attract as many visitors. In the Master Plan review, this aspect needs good assessment and strategies to attract more visitors to the museum and to Huye City. Traditional seat of the Rwandan court and site of the Royal Palace (1932): It is in Nyanza, about 30km north of Huye and is another site to explore. This place provides a great experience of learning about the long, rich history of the Kings of Rwanda with its reconstruction of a traditional thatched palace and great collection of photographs, artifacts, and some original pieces of furnishing. This site can easily be combined with the visit to Huye or to Nyungwe National Park. National University of Rwanda: This education institution is a knowledge asset for Huye city to hosts international conferences and seminars and become an international centre for education and research. Educational/learning tourism is also one of the central ideas included in the Sustainable Tourism Master Plan. It indicates that there is a paradigm shift with a large number of youngsters traveling around the world for learning purposes rather than just for a holiday. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 109 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 88 Map 10: Key touristic zone areas in Huye District map Destination Management Areas (DMAs) The national tourism circuits commonly called “Destination Management Areas” are centered on major attractions and have been demarcated by Rwanda Development Board as hotspots for tourism development and investment. It is worth noting that each DMA is centered on its core attractions and whatever else could add value to the overall product catalog, based on what Rwanda has to offer as a competitive destination. Destination Management Areas do not become destinations overnight: their development requires investment in infrastructures, services and products. Each stage of the lifecycle of a destination is associated with a specific spatial distribution and allocations to suit its intended objectives. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 110 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 89 Nyungwe Destination Management Area In terms of Destination Management Area Huye District has the great potential to be attached to this area where tourism is a key destination to, the Park’s extensive area provides the opportunity to create a high-quality, environmentally responsive and internationally renowned birding destination and tourism attraction. Sites will be zoned for tree-top lodges geared towards the birding market, together with associated trails and facilities for both active and passive use. This is one of the critical areas in Rwanda with potential for domestic tourism, including hotels, small marinas, lake facilities, leisure parks, and for supporting locally owned accommodation facilities and services that will foster tourism development and increase the revenue associated with it. Huye District Heritage Corridor Huye is one the 8 Districts including (Nyanza, Ruhango, Kamonyi, Nyaruguru, Muhanga, Gisagara and Nyamagabe) in Southern Province that builds on its strong foundation as a heritage and cultural destination due to its important historic/colonial assets. The opportunity for Huye District lies in the development of a tourism circuit, as well as an aligned marketing plan, and stronger promotion as a tourism transit point for domestic, regional, and international tourists. Developing more infrastructures, accommodation facilities and leisure /entertainment facilities would strengthen the district’s position as one of the secondary cities targeted by domestic and foreign tourists as demonstrated in the map below. In connection with the heritage corridor, Huye District is known for hosting the national ethnographic museum. This Museum was built in 1987, and now houses one of Africa's finest ethnographic collections. Its seven galleries display historical, ethnographic, artistic and archeological artifacts accompanied by visual aids, giving visitors a rich insight into the culture of Rwanda, its cultural and historical assets. The District is also known for its coffee experience, the tin hand craft, the “Mount Huye '' and the University Arboretum. The main challenges for tourism development are related to lack of responding and anticipating tourist needs. To move tourism to another level requires private sector involvement in district development. According to the Heritage Corridor tourism sub master plan, in addition to the required efforts to diversify tourism offerings, there is a need for hotels improvement in standards as it is very key to position Huye as a cultural tourism hub. Though more hotels will be needed in the long run to cater for tourists flow in the southern province, the real concern is the quality of rooms and other services offered. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 111 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 90 Cultural Tourism The culture of Rwanda is varied and has a long history of (oral/written) literature, music, dance, traditional arts, and crafts produced throughout the country. Cultural tourism is considered as one of the creative industries which can play an important role in Rwanda. Huye District is one of the best destinations for cultural tourism with a long history. Cultural tourism is one of the most attractive potentialities liked by most tourists visiting Huye. This means that Huye District will continue to invest in cultural tourism infrastructures to improve on their quality. For Huye District to achieve this transformation, culture and heritage sites should be viewed as a complex process that requires using culture assets as tourism products. In terms of spatial requirements, cultural and heritage tourism will require land and spaces as indicated in table below: Typology Amenities and infrastructures Religious sites Spiritual retreats and pilgrimages sites Modern culture Shopping malls and galleries Performing arts venues Cultural centres, concert halls and theatres Special events and festivals Sports and recreational venues and green parks (spaces) Heritage places Museums, historical towns, monuments, archaeological sites, architectural and archaeological treasures Arts and crafts Arts and Exhibition Centres Traditions and indigenous communities Culture and heritage centres and visitor centres Table 30: Typology of Culture and Heritage sites-Source Huye District, 2020 Cultural and heritage tourism as integrated into Huye secondary city development will continue to be an important segment of tourism. The supply of cultural attractions and amenities will continue to grow in other cities and regions; hence the integration of key amenities will be important for both domestic and international tourism. Culture tourism can help to upgrade cities Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 112 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 91 and regions by creating distinctive cultural attractions and activities, as well as products that can drive forward socio-economic development plans across the country. Some sites will need to be preserved and protected while others will need to be improved in terms of visitor’s experience to allow this sub-sector of tourism to thrive. Easy access to the key cultural and heritage sites needs to be considered. Based on the map below, it is clear that not all sites will be accessible, so some related amenities will need to be agglomerated into cities, growth poles and secondary cities. This will allow better connection to other services such as restaurants, shops and entertainment amenities. Accessibility (the transport network), infrastructure and supporting services will be instrumental in connecting the different sites around the country to potential tourism markets (domestic and international). Figure 21: Rwanda cultural tourism map - Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 4.9 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4.9.1 National Context on Economic Development One of the key pillars of Rwanda's economic development strategy is the promotion of private sector-led growth. This has involved a range of measures to create an enabling environment for businesses to flourish, such as streamlining business registration procedures, improving access to Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 113 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 92 finance, and promoting investment in priority sectors. Additionally, Rwanda has sought to leverage its strategic location within East Africa to position itself as a regional hub for trade and investment. The country has made significant progress in recent years, with improvements in key sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing. However, challenges remain, particularly in areas such as infrastructure development and access to finance. Furthermore, the projected demographic changes will have significant implications for policy development, particularly in areas such as education, healthcare, and employment. The growth in the working-age population presents an opportunity for the country to expand its workforce and drive economic growth, but this will require targeted investments in skills development and job creation. 4.9.2 Employment situation a) Current situation According to EICV5, the working age population in Huye District was approximately 200,000 with a workforce to population ratio of 83.7%. In terms of job status, the breakdown is as follows: 12.6 % were engaged in wage farming activities, 18.3 % in non-wage farming activities, 62.7 % were independent farmers, 6.1 % were independent non-farmers and 0.2 % were unpaid farmers. Furthermore, when considering the distribution of these individuals across broad economic sectors, 69.5 % were employed in agriculture sector, 9.3 % in industry and 21.2 % in services. Recognizing the significance of employment creation in addressing the country’s rapid population growth, poverty reduction, and overall economic growth, the government has made it a priority. In the Huye District Development strategy for 2018-2024, it is outlined that the aim to create 42,000 off farm jobs by 2024, with a particular emphasis on empowering youth and women. To better illustrate the current status of employment creation for the population over 16 years old in Huye a visual representation is provided below: Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 114 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 93 Figure 22: Employment by branch of economic activity in Huye District, RLFS 2022 Based on the data presented in the figure above, it is evident that the employment landscape in Huye District is characterized by significant sectoral distribution. The key findings reveal: Agriculture dominates, encompassing a substantial 19.7 % of total employment in the district. The construction sector accounted for 12.4 %, playing a crucial role in both infrastructure development and job creation, thereby fostering economic growth. The activities of household as employers collectively made up 11.7% of total employment, while wholesale and retail trade, as well as vehicle and motorcycle repair contributed 11%. The remaining 45.18 % of Huye's total employment was distributed across other sectors, as illustrated in the figure above. b) Planned perspective on employment opportunities in the district Using the base of the labor Force Survey (RLFS 2022), and a methodology that cascades the assumptions from the NLUDMP 2020-2050 to the district level, and considering economic specialization of Huye District and grouped the employment into five main categories as follows: ❖ Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing ❖ Mining and Quarrying ❖ Construction ❖ Manufacturing and 22,236 9,318 1,106 13,972 12,422 3,922 4,826 446 2,861 2,650 3,146 4,320 6,758 7,666 211 3,722 13,196 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Manufacturing Water supply, gas and remediation services Construction Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles … Transportation and storage Accommodation and food services Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support activities Public administration and defence,compulsory … Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other services Activities of households as employers Employment by economic activity in Huye district, RLFS 2022 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 115 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 94 ❖ Services This systematic approach ensures alignment with NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines and facilitating accurate and consistent estimation, as depicted in the graph below. Sector of activity Number of Employment to be created Formal Employment 2050 579,178 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 46,103 Mining and quarrying 37,125 Manufacturing 198,739 Construction 59,482 Services 237,730 Table 31: Employment projection in Huye District by 2050 By the year 2050, as urbanization expands and job opportunities increase, the service sector is anticipated to play a significant role in employment generation, making up 41% of the total employment to be generated, particularly in commercial activities. Simultaneously, the manufacturing sector is expected to contribute 34.3 % of employment creation. In contrast, the construction sector is set to play a crucial role in employment growth by facilitating the development of modern infrastructure, representing around 10.3% of the total employment landscape. Despite the availability of arable land and abundant forests, agriculture, forest, and fishing are projected to make up only 8 % of total employment. Finally, the mining sector is estimated to contribute 6.4%. 4.9.3 Trade and Industry Huye District Secondary City is among 13 Districts in the Country that were potential for future manufacturing with 50 ha of land allocated for industrial development. Huye District is at the heart of cultural tourism; more cultural and historical sites are being developed to create a firm cultural and historical heritage corridor. Cross border trade given its strategic location to Rwanda Burundi border shall be equally important. Formal employment will increase by 20.6% due to increased industries. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 116 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 95 4.9.3.1 Production capacity of Light industries in Huye District and main challenges Huye is one of the districts that will continue to be a hub for industrialization, the district level of industrial development is still low but estimated to increase due to investments channelled in established industrial park. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 117 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 96 Name of Industry Installed Capacity Capacity Utilization (%) Average capacity utilization in Rwanda Main challenges Rice processing Rwabuye rice/electromax 4032 (tons/year) 19.3 21.6% Lack of sufficient raw material Karubanda Rice 10080 (tons/year) 18.3 Mamba rice 5376 (tons/year) 19.1 Minoterie de Huye 5376 (tons/year) 20.6 Karubanda Prison 2688 (tons/year) 16.5 Kinazi rice mill 6720 (tons/year) New Rwirangira rice mill 4580 (tons/year) New Cassava Processing Rwanda cassava processing lumen 3 (MT/Day) 45 28.5% Lack of sufficient RM Mineral water processing Electromax 6.720.000 (L/Year) 51 37.5% Limited Market Beans processing RABI 13.440 (T/Year) Temporally closed Limited Market Hides and Skins processing New Rucep 30.240.000 (Pieces/year) Temporally closed Limited Market Table 32: Production capacity of light industries in Huye District and main challenges. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 118 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 97 4.9.3.2 Planning Perspectives The growth rate of industrial parks will be an average of 7% annually, reaching 88 km² in Huye by 2050. The allocation result will be 29 km² in 2050 and 88 km² in 2050. Industrial parks will be developed in only 13 Districts, Huye, Rwamagana, Bugesera, Huye, Muhanga, Rubavu, Rusizi, Musanze, Kirehe, Karongi, Nyabihu and the City of Kigali other Districts will be allowed only for agro-processing plants and handicraft factories/light industries. This means that, from guidelines of the NLUDMP, Huye District will be the 2nd public service led city after Kigali. It will remain an academic hub of the country that will be supported by Hi-Tech. Huye District is at the heart of cultural tourism; more cultural and historical sites are being developed to create a firm cultural and historical heritage corridor. Cross border trade given their strategic location to Rwanda- Burundi border shall be equally important. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 119 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 98 5 HUYE DISTRICT LAND USE 5.1 LAND USE BALANCE SHEET 5.1.1 Existing District Land Use Land use Area(sqkm) Percentage Agriculture 348 60 Buffers 22.5 3.8 Built-up 30.7 5.2 Forest 115.6 20 Public facility 10.3 1.7 Transportation 13.1 2.2 Swamplands 40.2 7 Total 581.5 100 Table 33: Huye District existing land uses Existing built-up area for Huye District composed of residential, commercial, industrial, and temporal structures obtained from national building footprints data is occupying the surface area equal to 9.07 Km2 from 581.53Km2, the total area of Huye District which is almost 1.5%. The analysis showed that 2.96Km2 among 9.07Km2 equals 0.5% falling in agricultural land in Huye District. This analysis is showing the magnitude of how agricultural land in Huye District has been encroached by scattered settlements. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 120 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 99 5.1.2 Planned Land Use Balance sheet. Map 11: Land use allocation in Huye DLUP 2023-2050 Land uses Area(km2) Residential 53.02 Commercial 4.01 Industries 1.24 Public facilities 6.79 Public administration 0.22 Open spaces 1.28 Transportation 38.25 Agriculture 274.58 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 121 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 100 Forest and open space 130.14 Public utility 0.29 Swampland 39.33 Water body 0.001851 Buffers 25.21 Total 583.41 Table 34: Land Use Allocation for Huye District 2020-2050-Source: NLA spatial data analysis, 2021 Public facilities (education and research, religion facility, health facility, cultural / memorial sites, cemetery / crematoria) N/S Existing land uses Current land area (Km2) (2021) Planned land area (km2) by 2050 1 Built up 54.1 103.54 2 Agriculture (hillside) 348.3 274.58 3 Swampland 40.22 39.33 4 Buffers 22.5 22.5 5 Forest 115.6 130.14 6 Open spaces - 1.28 TOTAL 581.5 581.5 Table 35: Land Use Allocation for Huye District 2020-2050. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 122 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 101 6 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK This sub chapter describes the implementation framework for the Huye District Land Use Master Plan; that aims to align the district and city's priorities in line with the country's directives and vision. It acknowledges the key challenges for implementation in the existing framework and the need for collaboration between various national and district authorities through focused and strategic developments. The Integrated implementation framework covers proposed Institutional Setup, priorities sectors to be considered and Capital & catalytic Improvement Projects and some designed recommendations. 6.1 EXISTING LAWS ENFORCEMENT The DLUP should demonstrate the clear tools for spatial implementation in the entire District. Implementation, in general, provides the roadmap of development on the ground for short and medium-term projects. The implementation of long-term plans is different. Its principal task is to advance the long-term guidelines and translate them into plans under execution and provide to executive authorities the proper tools for controlling and enforcing compliance being legally supported. In this context, the District Land Use Plan should be implemented in compliance with the National Land Use and Development Master Plan in every phase prospectively alongside the policy and legal tools including land law etc. The National Land Policy of 2004 and land law of 2013 were revised to ensure the compliance with new dynamics of the country’s needs and changes. The new revised National Land Policy 2019 and new land law 2020 will back up and support the implementation of NLUDMP and subsequently other Land Use Master Plans tools at different levels. The existing conflicting policies, laws, orders, and sectoral plans had been characterized by inconsistencies that led to difficulties in implementation associated with the issues in institutional coordination and lack of top-down legal hierarchy in the land-use master planning process and regular review and standalone planning, based on sector goals and plans, not an integrated perspective. Non implementation of Huye DLUP 2023-2050 will be punishable by Law No 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 Governing Land as the law contains many articles related to land use planning and implementation. Some of them are the following: 7 Article 54: The use of land is guided by the land use master plan of the area where the land is located. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 123 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 102 8 Article 61: Any permit granted in contradiction with the Land Use Master Plan is null and void and has no effects irrespective of any kind of prescription. 9 Article 63: The change of land use is carried out in accordance with the master plan and approved by the institution in charge of land management and use. 10 Article 65: The land planned for agricultural and livestock use is protected and conserved. Every person has an obligation to use the land planned for agricultural and livestock use in accordance with land use consolidation. 11 Article 76: An individual who does not comply with the land use and development master plan commits a fault. He or she is liable to an administrative fine of not less than one million Rwandan francs (FRW 1,000,000) but not more than three million Rwandan francs (FRW 3,000,000). Without prejudice to other relevant laws, a person who performs activities on that land removes them or pays the cost for their removal. 12 Article 78: The fine provided for under this Law is multiplied by ten (10) in case the fault referred to under article 76 of this Law is committed by a state-owned company, a non-public company, a cooperative organization, a national non-governmental organization, an international non-governmental organization, or a faith-based organization with legal personality. 6.2 THE NEW HIERARCHY STRUCTURE OF PLANNING A new structure of planning level was suggested, which demonstrated the compulsory hierarchy of planning to improve in the best planning procedures. The sequence starts with Vision 2050 through NLUDMP, District Land Use Plans, and Detailed Physical Plans Site Planning until reaching the permitting for construction, development, inspection, and control. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 124 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 103 Figure 23: The new hierarchy of land use planning in Rwanda-Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 The new hierarchy of land use planning as mentioned above is mandatory to be respected in all planning and implementation phases of all land use master plans, it is connected to vision 2050 as the overall aspiration of the country from low-income to an upper-middle-income state within 30 years. It is also further still harmonized with planning and budgeting aligned and integrated into NSTI, NST’s and Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) and annual budgeting and implementation. The hierarchy also, integrates National Master Plan for Spatial Planning which is a national spatial planning tool intended to guide the well-balanced, integrated and efficient use of land and development in the country during the implementation of Vision 2050, with sectoral development master plans and Strategies, each sector which has a spatial dimension and requirement for land allocations for the sectoral activities, is recommended to update its master plan and strategies following NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines. The hierarchy also proposes that, sectoral development strategies at national level, such as National Agriculture Strategy, National Land Transportation Strategy, Forestry and Natural Parks, Water and Swamplands (+buffer zones), Power and Energy, Mining and Quarrying, Human Habitation (Urban, rurban and rural settlements), Inlands, Tourism and Conservation etc... will be prepared in line to NLUDMP 2020-2050 and in parallel to the preparation of the DLUP, Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 125 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 104 the district level strategies will be more detailed to feed the district's land use plans with more informative data, relevant to their perspective and preferences. The hierarchy also puts into consideration the development of the District Land Use Plan Cluster composed of urban and rural zoning plans. For Urban and Rurban development plans, a District Land Use Plan Cluster to ensure that land use classifications are well considered such as; Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public Facility, Public Administration, Forest and Open Spaces, Agriculture, Swamplands, Water Body, Transportation, Public Utility etc. 6.3 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Institution Key Responsibilities MINECOFIN ● Ensure coordination of activities of developing a land use and development master plan. ● Important role to play in implementation of projects within the district and city; and work closely for the financing of public projects and providing support between the local Government and donors for financing the development projects. MOE To ensure the safeguard of green and climate resilient for growth of the economy and ensure optimal and rational utilisation of Water Resources, Lands and Forests for sustainable national development. MININFRA ● Policy development and supervision of the following sectors, Transport, Energy, Water and Sanitation, Urban Planning and Housing Development MINAGRI MINAGRI and its Agency RAB: Development of Agriculture suitability studies and mapping and Rwanda Irrigation master Plan. MINALOC Planning, development, and maintenance of transport infrastructure and services within local authorities. NLA Ensures the management of the land and its use, supervising all land-related matters and represent the State for supervision and monitoring of land management and use. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 126 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 105 RHA RHA oversees housing development and related infrastructure, establishing living conditions, and attracting foreign investment in residential sectors. WASAC Development of sectoral major physical infrastructure master plans of the Water and Sanitation sector. Water and sewage treatment corporation is acquiring the water supply network geospatial data and built those into a system with overseas aid and its generated revenues. It has 20 branches in Kigali and throughout the country, and continuously updates the water supply network geospatial information. RTDA Development of sectoral major physical infrastructure master plan of the Transportation sector. RTDA undertakes construction, safety management, and maintenance management for national transportation facilities (road, railway, waterways, etc.) and related facilities infrastructure. REG Development of sectoral major physical infrastructure master plans of the Energy` REG is in charge of electricity supply to the people and each region. As for water supply, electricity is a vital policy of GoR. Thus, the electricity’s supply network administration and its planning and mapping are significantly important. LODA Implementation of projects within the district and city, and financing of public projects and providing support between the local Government and donors for financing the development projects Huye District ● Implementation of minor infrastructure development such as planning of road construction, supervision and road maintenance are done by the Huye District. Local roads are planned and implemented by the district depending on the available budget. ● Planning, supervision, inspection and maintenance of other minor utilities, infrastructure such as water and sanitation work, and street electrification and public lighting. Table 36: Key Stakeholder Institutional framework for the Land Use and Development Plan Implementation-Source: Huye District, 2021 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 127 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 106 6.4 PHASING PLAN Phasing of Development is part of all land-use plans provisions and elaborated based on the local context. The leading spatial principle in phasing is Tiling, which simply prevents random and remote locations of development. A new development site must always have a common boundary with a previous one, as shown in the figure below. Figure 24: DLUP Implementation phasing. Every settlement land use master plan must demonstrate where implementation will focus every 5 years, after which evaluation will be conducted before opening the next phase. The evaluation report of each phase would be presented to institutions in charge of land management and urban planning (NLA) and relevant stakeholders to be a learning and decision-making tool before moving forward to implement other sites of the next phase of development. The phasing plan for Huye DLUP 2023-2050 intends to provide flexibility to the implementer agents to prioritize development in a particular area of the entire urban areas and source adequate funding to finance the selected projects. It provides the Government, communities, and donors/financiers with rationale to prioritize infrastructure and associated urban services to incrementally develop in a phased manner. Hence in this project Huye District will take phasing developments in effective time after a detailed master for which phase will take 5 years and implemented into 3 phases. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 128 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 107 Figure 25: Implementation plan of Huye city Master Plan The phasing plan intends to provide flexibility to the implementers to prioritize development in a particular area of the Huye DLUP Urban City and source adequate funding to finance the selected projects. It provides the Government, communities, and donors/financiers with rationale to prioritize infrastructure and associated urban services to incrementally develop in a phased manner. Hence in this project Huye District will take phasing developments in effective time after a detailed master. The following are the two estimated phasing through which Huye DLUP 2023 2050 will be implemented. ● Phase I: covers the areas which have or will be serviced with basic infrastructures, and which are ready to implement the master plan and will start to be implemented from 2021 2028. ● Phase II: Covers the areas which have no basic infrastructures, and the implementation will start from 2029-2050, but once the basic infrastructures are available before the set time, the implementation will start immediately without waiting the set time. 6.4.1 Construction permits based on phasing plan. The construction permits will be issued only in phase 1, to avoid urban sprawl and to promote densification. However, it is prohibited to provide construction permits in Phase II. Big projects/Investments like schools, healthcare facilities, real estates, apartments, hotels, complex Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 129 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 108 markets, etc, can be assessed by Huye District One Stop Center for permission in phase II, if investors can develop basic infrastructures. Phase II: The construction permits will be allowed in Phase II after development of detailed physical plans and distribution of basic infrastructures like electricity, water, drainage network etc. 6.4.2 Community approach Landowners must be willing to participate in all phases from beginning to the end including elaboration of site physical plans, data collection and all mapping and site demarcations exercises until the assignment is completed and approved. Being assisted by in-depth advice of planners and appraisal experts. A land readjustment map and appraisal documents must be approved together with the concerned detailed local plan as one unit. Alternatively, simplified voluntary land exchange processes shall be introduced. A readjustment is an essential tool for land consolidation and orderly development. Huye District communities should have ownership in all phases and must contribute as well as ensuring compliance during development. Any conflicts and disputes that may occur in the process should be resolved between landowners, the site committees, local Village Chiefs and Cell Leaders. Therefore, the community approach is part of Huye DLUP 2023-2050 for its successful implementation. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 130 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 109 7 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING Every 5 years the existing situation should be updated and the DLUP revised to ensure implementation. The proposed compliance between the different planning levels is a must to rectify disparities in planning process and policy formulation. The purpose of this section is to set up administrative and planning tools. A Continuous Compliant Planning principle (CCP) was adopted to ensure the fulfilment of the chain of planning. Under this principle of CCP, the following measures and procedures are essential to achieve the desired compliance in planning process. Providing a non-objection to any land use plan and project by National land Authority in charge of Land Use Management through the strong back up coordination force from MINECOFIN will be instrumental in resolving coordination and compliance issues. NDMP dominance, ensuring that the projects and activities of all Ministries & Authorities comply with this plan. The national development planning and budgeting process (MINECOFIN) should ensure that sector priorities and investments comply with the NLUDM. In other words, there must be a balance between economic planning and spatial planning. Delineate and enforce settlement boundaries. It is recommended that new boundaries will gain legal status only to supply developing needs for a period of 30 years (2020-2050). All master plans shall show implementation phases for midterm (2050) without overpassing this boundary. The areas of the development phases will be adjacent to each other to create a paving system for the efficient use of lands. The long-term boundary for 2050 will be protected for the next 30 years. Consolidation principles in land use planning will be directed towards and applied to all levels and all sectors of land-use planning. Regular updating of spatial data and base maps through large-scale mapping will greatly support the development of master plans and monitoring of land use. To improve the adequate performance of Building Permitting Management Information system (BPMIS) and its dissemination in all districts to serve the urban and rural construction and development permitting countrywide. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 131 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 110 Strong community outreach program and mindset change on land use planning in Rwanda will be organized continuously in Huye District for community public awareness and ownership. 7.1 LAND READJUSTMENT (DETAILED PHYSICAL PLANS) Land readjustment of existing plots is recommended during implementation of Huye DLUP 2023 2050 to assure rational development. The underlying principle is that every owner must be compensated for their land with the land of equivalent value. The readjustment of the land transforms the irregularly shaped plots into regular and standard shaped land with access to infrastructures such as roads, electricity, water, schools, hospitals and other services, which contributes to the value of the land in any specific area. 7.2 ZONING PLAN AND REGULATIONS 7.2.1 Objective of the Zoning Plan and Regulations The objective of the Zoning Regulations is to provide a clear mechanism for the implementation of CoK and Districts land use plans and to direct public and private sector development to follow a clear set of development objectives, definitions, regulations, and guidelines that reflect the vision and concept proposed in the Master Plans. The objectives, definitions and regulations ensure that development is carried out to achieve a logical, attractive, and liveable development pattern in the Cities, safeguard privacy and amenities, and provide opportunities for growth, with enough flexibility to respond to changing business needs and development trends. The regulations place an emphasis on encouraging mixed-use mixed-income development for integrated, well connected, inclusive, and equitable development that are sustainable and are designed to achieve a quality living environment. 7.2.2 Zoning Plan Zoning regulates the types of uses, the development intensity, the required density, the setting, and height of buildings on any plot. As such, it serves as an effective planning tool to guide development in a logical and orderly fashion. The Zoning Plan is meant to provide landowners, developers, and stakeholders with a clear picture of what can and cannot be developed on any parcel of land. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 132 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 111 The Zoning Plan is made up of a Zoning Map and a set of Zoning Regulations. The Zoning Map identifies specific zones within the planning area based on the predominant land use, and the desired intensity, building height and density for that area. The Zoning Regulations stipulate the permitted, conditional, and prohibited uses, location of a building on any plot, the overall maximum intensity, as well as the building height. Specific regulations related to overall building form, landscaping, development strategy and signage are also stipulated in the Zoning Regulations. Zoning Regulations stipulate allowable development for a zone, but flexibility in development is ensured by allowing incentives such as additional GFA, promoting inclusionary zoning, incremental / phased development. 7.2.3 The three categories of uses that are tabulated by Zoning Regulations There are: Permitted, Conditional and Prohibited uses. 7.2.3.1 Permitted Use Uses that comply with the intended use for the zoning code and can be permitted outright. However, the development shall comply, when relevant, with other context specific additional regulatory restrictions such as Urban Design Guidelines, Overlays, Heritage, and Conservation guidelines. 7.2.3.2 Conditional Use Conditional uses are usually activities that may create significant traffic, noise, or other impacts on the surrounding neighbourhood. Such identified uses can be permitted “conditionally” within a zone following the assessment of CoK and Districts’ One Stop Center’s approval. OSC may require the development to conform to a set of conditions and standards as per the regulations which must be met always. Each zone can allow different but compatible developments that are complementary in terms of use and scale. For example, a small-scale commercial development could be allowed in residential areas to provide convenience for residents to meet their daily shopping needs. Similarly, Civic facilities like schools, day care centers, religious facilities could be allowed in a residential zone, provided the facility meets the parking, noise standards etc. Such conditional uses could be permitted after careful consideration and evaluation by the One Stop Center of CoK and Districts and may be subject to certain conditions as deemed necessary by the review committee, to ensure that the overall planning intention for any specific is not compromised. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 133 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 112 7.2.3.3 Prohibited Use These are uses that are deemed prohibited and include activities that have been found to be incompatible with the zone. For example, Heavy Industrial Uses are prohibited within the residential zones. 7.2.3.4 Overlay Zones Within these Zoning Regulations, overlay zones provide more discretion and flexibility by allowing the City to protect certain areas as well as encourage or discourage certain types of development. Overlay Zones are mapped zones superimposed over the established zoning and can be used to impose supplement restrictions, permit, or disallow various forms of density as well as provide bonuses and incentives to achieve the desired planning intent for that area. The parcels within the overlay zone will be thus subject to the regulations of the underlying zoning as well as the overlay zoning requirements. An overlay zone can cover more than one zone and even portions of several underlying zoning. The Steep Slope Overlay Zone, Urban Design Overlay, Heritage, and Conservation Overlay are examples of Overlay Zones. 7.2.4 Principle guiding the zoning requirements. 7.2.4.1 Integrated development and urban resilience The integrated approach to urban development promotes appropriate growth of Cities, ensures sustainable mobility, more cohesive communities, and a better environment. By looking at the City in a holistic fashion, it strengthens the urban resilience, known as “the capacity of urban systems, communities, individuals, organizations, and businesses to recover, maintain their function and thrive in the aftermath of a shock or a stress, regardless of its impact, frequency or magnitude”. These Zoning Regulations enhance this approach and help to build the resilience, providing adequate tools and measures to guide the growth of the City as an urban system, where all components - infrastructural, institutional, economic, and social are taken into consideration. 7.2.4.2 Inclusivity and Community Involvement in the Planning Inclusivity and equity in the planning and development process help create more sustainable cities with people getting the right to fully participate in every aspect of social, economic, political, and Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 134 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 113 cultural life and voice their concerns and aspirations to create thriving neighbourhoods and communities. All developments shall consider the needs and aspirations of all groups, including vulnerable groups and people of all abilities, in the design and implementation process. A participatory and bottom-up approach shall be followed involving and engaging the community in the design, development, and monitoring process. 7.2.4.3 Incrementality and Flexibility The principle of incrementality is adopted in these Zoning Regulations to allow communities, investors, and developers to develop according to their current financial capacities. The objective is to create a flexible environment where all developments happen in an organic manner, without creating financial overexposure and hence hindering the affordability of the development. At the same time, the incremental approach is designed in such a way that future addition to the development would help achieve the desired density for the specific zone in future years. Incremental development also allows developers to better adapt to current and future market conditions, thus reducing investment risk and facilitating access to the market to a larger segment of the population. Incremental development shall be an opportunity to limit ongoing informal development processes and ensure efficient provision of infrastructure and service delivery and rational land use. 7.2.4.4 Mixed Land Use The zoning regulations allow and encourage Integrated and mixed-use development within all zones to create higher density, compact and vibrant places for people from all groups and neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods shall showcase a blend of residential, commercial, cultural, public facilities, and micro-enterprises that are accessible and well connected to the transit system. This will enhance inclusivity, bring work closer to homes and reduce disparity and social segregation between different groups. 7.2.4.5 Pedestrian First “Cities around the world are recognizing how essential walkability is for the access and health of their citizens, and the economic growth of their cities. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 135 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 114 All planners, designers and developers shall ensure walkable and integrated neighborhoods that link residences to the public facilities, commercial and recreational areas. The Master Plan provides for the city to expand its Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) network to cover the entire City for complete, continuous, and safe walkway and cycleway networks that provide clear protection from motor vehicles and are accessible to people of all groups. Universal designs shall be adopted by removing all physical barriers and providing a safe route for smooth mobility and easy access. 7.2.4.6 Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Transit-oriented development (TOD) presents as the best approach for Cities of Rwanda to continue keeping the private vehicle ownership on the low, and to avoid unsustainable, car dependent, and sprawling settlement. TOD is necessary for inclusivity, equity, and long-term sustainability of the cities. The integrated and transit-oriented development brings people closer to activities, work, home, and public space, providing inclusive access for all, to Citywide opportunities and resources at the lowest financial and environmental cost, and with the highest resilience to climate change and other disasters. The City shall provide high-quality, safe, and reliable mass transit system for a sustainable, and equitable development. Mixed-use, integrated, and higher density developments that are well connected with easy walking and cycling connection, and in proximity to reliable transit service to the rest of the city are at the base of this master planning effort. 7.2.4.7 Sustainable Design All developments shall be designed and developed with due regards for the environment, by incorporating environmentally friendly and sustainable design practices in both design and construction of the buildings. It shall be of paramount importance to encourage environmentally responsible buildings that are appropriate for the existing urban fabric. Subject to review and evaluation of developments in certain zones, and in line with GBMC, the CoK and Districts One Stop Centres may, at its discretion, grant increases in additional floor area, building height or building coverage for developments that adopt sustainable design technologies or techniques or provide additional benefit to the neighbouring communities such as public spaces or recreational areas. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 136 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 115 7.2.5 Identification of zoning categories for Huye DLUP The following are the various zoning categories and sub-categories proposed for Huye District: ▪ Residential Low Density Residential Zone (R1) Low density Residential Densification zone (R1A) Rural Residential Zone (R1B) Medium Density Residential - Improvement zone (R2) Medium Density Residential - Expansion zone (R3) ▪ Commercial Mixed Use zone (C1) City Commercial zone (C3) ▪ Industrial Light Industrial Zone (I1) General Industrial Zone (I2) Mining and Quarrying Zone (I3) ▪ Public Facilities Education and Research Facilities Zone (PF1) Healthcare Facilities Zone (PF2) Religious Facilities Zone (PF3) Cultural, Heritage, Memorial Sites Zone (PF4) Cemetery/ Crematorium Facilities Zone (PF5) ▪ Public Administrative Zone (PA) ▪ Open Spaces, Ecotourism zone (OS) ▪ Forest Zone (F) Forest Plantation zone (F1) Afforestation zone (Steep slopes > 55%) Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 137 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 116 ▪ Agriculture Zone (A) Agriculture zone (A1) Livestock zone (A2) ▪ Swampland Zone (W) Swampland-Unprotected zone (W1B) ▪ Waterbody Zone (WB) ▪ Transportation Zone (T) Road reserve (T1) Railway and stations (T4) ▪ Buffer Zone Swampland buffer zone (B1) Water body buffer zone (B2) National Park buffer zone (B3) Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 138 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 117 S/N Harmonized generic Land Use Classification Harmonized land use details Description Land Use Code KIGALI CITY AND DISTRICT ZONING PLAN Zoning Color 1 Residential High density R 255,194,0 R4 High density residential zone 255, 90,37 Medium density R3 Medium density residential - Expansion zone 255,127, 0 R2 Medium density residential - Improvement zone 255,187,54 Low density R1 Low density residential zone 255,236,24 R1A Low density residential densification zone 255,255,127 R1B Rural residential zone 255,235,176 2 Commercial Regional C 255,0,0 C4 Regional commercial zone (O-C4) 102,0,13 City C3 City commercial zone 150,2,2 General C1 Mixed use commercial zone 204,51,102 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 139 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 118 3 Industrial Logistics, light industry, Warehouse, Business Park I 255,0,197 I1 Light industrial zone 194,122,192 General Industry I2 General industrial zone 156,122,188 Mining, Quarry I3 Mining, Extraction, Quarry 148,82,165 4 Public Facility Education and Research facilities PF 0,63,255 PF1 Education and research facilities 0,63,255 Healthcare Facilities PF2 Healthcare Facilities 0,63,256 Religious facilities PF3 Religious facilities 0,63,255 Cultural, memorial sites PF4 Cultural, Heritage, Memorial sites 0,63,255 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 140 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 119 Sport and leisure facilities, sport compounds and centres, Sport fiels and playgrounds PF5 Sport, Leisure facilities 0,63,255 Cemetery, Crematoria PF6 Cemetery, Crematoria 0,63,255 5 Public Administration Government offices, Police, Correctional and rehabilitation facilities, Defence and PA 0,255,255 PA Public Administration zone 0,255,255 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 141 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 120 security, Courts, Other 6 Forest Natural forest, Forest Conservation areas, Forest Plantations, Afforestation, Forest Reserves, Steep slope > 55% F 13,73,37 F1 Forest plantation zone 13,73,37 F2 National parks zone 13,73,37 F3 National Park expansion zone 13,73,37 F4 Natural forest zone 13,73,37 F5 Afforestation zone 13,73,37 7 Open Space Recreational Parks and open spaces, pockets parks, Green spaces OS 153,205,0 OS Open space, Ecotourism zone 153,205,0 8 Agriculture A 110,129,48 A1 Agriculture zone 110,129,48 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 142 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 121 Crop farming, Agro-forestry Animal husbandry, Livestock rearing, Pisciculture, Bee farming, Aqua culture A2 Livestock zone 110,129,48 9 Swampland Swamplands, Swamps W 198,224,180 W1A Swampland - Protected zone 198,224,180 W1B Swampland - Unprotected zone 198,224,180 W2 Swampland - Rehabilitation zone 198,224,180 W3 Swampland - Sustainable exploitation zone 198,224,180 W4 Swampland - Conservation zone 198,224,180 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 143 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 122 W5 Swampland - Recreational zone 198,224,180 10 Water Body Lake, River, Stream, Other waterbody WB 5,130,255 (150) WB Waterbody zone 5,130,255 (150) 11 Transportation Road Reserve and Transport (Airports, Airstrips, Bus terminal and depots, Ports, Roads and interchange, Railways and station etc, Other Transportatio n facilities (moto taxi park, T 178,178,178 T1 Road reserve 178,178,178 T2 Bus terminals and stations 178,178,178 T3 Airports, Ports and connected facilities 178,178,178 T4 Railway and stations 178,178,178 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 144 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 123 charging stations, etc) 12 Public Utility Power Plants & Stations, Treatment Plants, Sewerage Treatment Plants, Waste & Sanitation Sites and transfer stations, Fire & Emergency stations, ICT infrastructure U 127,95,63 U Utility zone 127,95,63 13 Buffer Swampland,S wamp Buffer B 125,255,75 B1 Swampland buffer zone 125,255,75 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 145 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 124 Lakes, River, Stream and other water bodies B2 Water body buffer zone 125,255,75 National Park buffer B3 National park buffer zone 125,255,75 Other buffer B4 Other buffer zone 125,255,75 Overlays Internal Remarks Color and representation Urban area extension zone UE 255,80,80 UE 255,80,80 Rural Settlement site RS 255,102,0 RS 255,102,0 C2 - Neighbourhood Level Mixed Use Commercial To update - C2 overlay - 30m wide Diagonal hatch 254,36,0 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 146 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 125 PF Show PF overlay at neighbourhood and at precinct with facilities listed in each catchment area; facility standard to be in zoning report Circles dash line 0,63,255 Land Assembly Parcels with no access ( show developable parcels) Land Subdivision Overlay in Zoning plan, part of MP - part of implementation plan Boundary Dark maroon dash dot line 122,0,0 Slope (30-55) With conditional uses listed the uses include - Open Spaces, R1, resorts and agriculture Peach diagonal hatch Tourism promotion zone Incentives to promote night life, higher FSI (FAR), TDR, lower development charges etc. Dark maroon diagonal hatch 122,0,0 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 147 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 126 Urban Design Recommendations for Urban Development Boundary 255,0,255 Heritage conservation and promotion Neighbourbood with specific features - trees, specific site, school facility as tourism, City to help identify these features Ochre diagonal hatch 255,102,0 Mining concession Case by case site evaluation for release of land for mining Purple diagonal hatch 153,0,204 Utility buffer zone Power lines Buffer (HV- 25m, MV line - 12m) , Landfill, sewerage buffers, etc. Dark Grey diagonal hatch 89,89,89 Table 37: Land Use and Zoning Classification Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 148 Huye District Land Use Plan 2023 – 2050 127 8 REFERENCE 1. The Republic of Rwanda, the Ministry of Environment (2020), National Land Use and Development Master Plan (NLUDMP). 2. Republic of Rwanda, the Ministry of Justice, (2021) Presidential Order n° 038/01 of 20/05/2022 establishing the national land use and development master plan. 3. Republic of Rwanda, General Census, 2012 and 2022 National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). 4. Republic of Rwanda, Rwanda Urban Planning Code (UPC) (2015), RHA 5. Republic of Rwanda, Urbanization and Rural Settlements Sector Strategic Plan 2018-2024 (2018, MININFRA) 6. Republic of Rwanda, Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, REMA 2007 7. UN, The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are (SDGs), 2015 8. Republic of Rwanda, Rwanda's Vision 2050 (2020, MINECOFIN) 9. Huye District Development Plan (DDS), 2018-2024 Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 149 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Minisitiri no 005/24/10/TC ryo ku wa 22/08/2024 rishyiraho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Huye. Seen to be annexed to Ministerial Order no 005/24/10/TC of 22/08/2024 establishing land use and development master plan of Huye District. Vu pour être annexé à l’Arrêté Ministériel no 005/24/10/TC du 22/08/2024 établissant le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Huye. Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 150 Kigali, 22/08/2024 (sé) MURANGWA Yusuf Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Minister of Finance and Economic Planning Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 26/09/2024 151