Prevention of Collisions at Sea Ordinance

LAWS OF PITCAIRN, HENDERSON, DUCIE AND OENO ISLANDS Revised Edition 2001 CHAPTER XXX PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS AT SEA ORDINANCE Arrangement of sections Section 1. Cttatfon. 2.Application of International Convention. 3. Penalties. 4. Repeal. First Schedule Second Schedule An ordinance to apply the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. [Ist Iune, 1983] 1.This ordinance may be cited as the Prevention of Collisions at Sea Ordinance. 2.The provisions of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (as amended by a resolution of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization of 19thNovember, 1981) as set out in the First Schedule shall apply with respect to the Islands. 3.If any ship shall fail to comply with the requirement of any of the provisions of the said Regulations set out in the Second Schedule the owner and the master thereof shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. 4.From the commencement of this ordinance, the International Rel'.ulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1960, shall cease to have effect in the Islands. 459 Ordmancc No: 2uf 1983 Cua uon. Applfcatlonnl nucnuuonat Co " ,"cn!l" ". Penalties. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea FIRST SCHEDULE CAP.30j Appllcarfou. Rl'SpllIlSlhlllly. C CIICfdl dennntous. PARTA-GENERAL I.- (a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. (h) Nuthtug Iu these Rules s hall Interfere wn h the upc rauou uf special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads. harbours. rivers. lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoingvessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules. (c) Nothing in th ese Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State w hh res pec t tu addlt luua l sra uuu ur :') iglli:t l liglll.:') . s hapes UI whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy. or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fl eet. T hese additional station or signal lights. shapesor whistle signals shall. so far as posstble, be such that they cannot he mistaken for any light. shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules. (d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these rules. (e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannotcomply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number. position. range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes. as well as to the dtsposinon and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances. without in terfering with the special function of the vessel. such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number. position. range or arc of visibilityof lights or shapes. as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances. as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliancewith these Rules In respect of that vessel. 2.- (a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel. or the owner. master or crew thereof. from the consequencesof any neglect to comply with these Kules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen. or by the special circumstancesof the case. (b) In co nstruing and comply ing with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances. including the limitations of the vessels involved. which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. 3.For the purpose of these Rules. except where the context otherwise requires: (a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, inc! uding non-d isp lacemen t craft and seaplanes. used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. (b) The term "power-driven vessel " mea ns uny vessel propelled by machinery. (c) The term "sailing vessel" means anyvessel under sail provided 460 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions al Sea 2001 Ed.1 that propelling machinery, ir tttted, ISnot being used. (d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability . but does not includ e a vesse l fishing w ith trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability. (e) Th e wo rd "seap lane" inclu des any aircraft d esig ned to manoeuvre on the water. (I) Th e term "v essel n ot un der com man d" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. (g) The term "vessel restricted in herability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rulesand is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ahility to manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to (i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking upa navigation mark, submarine cahle or pipeline; (ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations; (iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargowhile underway; (iv) a vesse l eng aged ill the launch lug 0 r reco very o f aircraft; (v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations; (vi) a vessel engaged in a towingoperation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course. (h) Th e term "v essel const rain ed b y her draug ht" means a powerdrlven vessel whlchbecause uf her draugtu III retauon to the available depth of water is severely restricted in her ahility to deviate fromthe course she is following. (0 T he word "underway" 1llP..:ItIS that a vessel is not at anchor. or made fast to the shore, or aground. (j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. (k) Vessels shall bedeemed to be Insight or one another only when one can be observed visually from the other. (I) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which such v is ibil ity is restric ted by fog, mist. falling snow . heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes. PART B-STEERING ANDSAILING RULES Section I- Conduct of vessels in any condition of vlslhility 4,Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility. 5.Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstancesand conditions so as to make a full appraisal of thesituation and otthe risk or collision. 6.Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so thatshe can take proper an d effec tive actio n to avoid collision and be sto pped 461 AppIlGlII(Ju. Lookuul. 5<J[,CSIJCl'l1 . 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 Risk ort:lIIIiS\ llI li. At:llu ll lU avlI ll1 UI llIsluli. withI n a dl st an ce app rap nate 10 I he I' rev all Ingctrcumst an ces and con ditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account (a) Byall vessels (I) the state of visibility; (Ii) the trafflc density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels; (Iii) t he m an 0 eu v rabi Ii ty oft he vessel wi th special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions; (Iv) at night the presence of hackground light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights; (v) the state of wind. sea and current. and the proximity of navigational hazards; (vi) the draught in relation to the available depthof water. (h) Additionally. by vessels with operational radar (i) the characteristics , effi ciency and limitations of the radar equipment; [ll) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; (I it) the effect on radar detection of the sea state. weather and other sources of interference; (iv) the possibility that small vessels. ice and other floating objects may not be detec ted by radar at an adequate range; (v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar; (Vi) the more exact assessment of the ViSihility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity. 7.-(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk 01 collision exists. If there is any douht such risk shall he deemed to ex ist. (b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational. including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic ohservation of detected objects. (c) Assum pti ons shall n ot be made 0 n the basis 0 f scanty information. especially scanty radar information. (d) In dct crmln ing i rri sk 0 f co llis l on ex lsts thc foil ow ing considerations shall be among those taken intoaccount (I) such risk shall he deemed to exist If the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change; (I i) s uch ri sk may so m eti mes ex i st even when an appreciable bearing change is evident. particularly whcn upproac htng u ve ry lurgc vesse l or u tow or w hcn approaching a vessel at close range. 8.- (a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall. if the circumstances uf the ca se admft. Le postuvc, IIIdLle ill ample ume aud wilh due regard to the observance of good seamanship. (b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall. 462 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions at Sea 2001 Ed.1 If the circumstancesof the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or hy radar; a succession of small alterations of courseandior speed should be avo ided. (c) If there is sulflclent sea room, alteration of coursealone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is suhstantial and does not result Inanotherclose-quarters situation. (d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully check ed until the other vessel is fin ally past and clear. (e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way orr by stoppingor reversing her means of propulsion. 9,-(a) A vessel proceeding along the courseofa narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limitof the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. (b) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage o f a vesse l wh ich can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway. (c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating wtihin a narrow channel or fairway. (d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may usc the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the in tention of the crossingvessel. (e) (I) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescrihed in Rule 34(c) (I). The vessel to be overtaken shall. if in agreement, sou nd the appropriatesignal prescribed in Rule 34(c) (Ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubtshe may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d). (ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtakingvessel of her obligations under Rule 13. (I) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or futrwuy w here other vessels muy be obscured by un intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertnessand caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e). (g) Anyvessel shall, if the circumstancesof the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel. 10.-(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization. (b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall (I) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic fiow for that lane; (ii) su fat d~ I-'ldLliLdLle keep dedi uf d uafflc scp arauuu line orseparationzone: (I ii) normally jo in or leave a traffic lane at the termination 463 Narrow channels. Tramescparattcn schemes. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 Applk'arfou. $alllllg vessels. or the lane. but whenjoimng or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic now as practicable. (c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid cross ing trafflc lanes , but if obliged to do so shall crossas nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic now. (d) Inshore traffic zones shall not normally be used by through traffic which can sareiy use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However. vessels of less than 20 metres in length and sailing vessels may under all circumstances use inshore traffic zones. (e) A vessel other than a crossingvessel or a vesseljoining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except: (I) In casesor emergencyto avoid immediate danger; (ii) to engage in flshlng within a separation zone. (I) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution. (g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation schemeor in areas near its terminations. (h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it hy as wide a margtn as is practicable. (i) A vessel engaged in Ilshlng shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane. (j) A vesse l ofless than 20 metres in length or a sailing vesse l shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane. (k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation Ior the maintenance ot salety or navigation in a traffi c separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry ont the operation. (I) A vesse l restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up 0 f a submarine cable, within a traffic sep aratlon scheme, is ex emp ted from co mplying with t his Ru Ie to t he extent necessary to carry out the operation. Section II- Conduct of vessels in sight of one another Il ,Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another. 12.-(a) When two sailing vessels are approachingone another, so as tn lnvnlve rick n f r-nlll clnn . nne n f them shal l kpPfl nut n f the way of the other as foIIows (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way or the other; (ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vpc;,;"p! which ic;,; tn leeward ; (iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to win dward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shaII keep out of the way of the other. (h) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed 464 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions et Sea 2001 Ed.1 to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or. in the case of a square-rigged vessel. the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried. 13.- (a) Notwithstandinganything contained in the Rules of Part B. Sections I and II any vessel overtakingany other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. (b) A vessel s hull be deem ed to be ovcrtuking w hen com ing up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is. in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking. that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights. (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking an oth er, sh e shall assum e th at t his is th e case and act acco rding ly. (d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossingvessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is ftnally past and clear. 14.- (a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal coursesso as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her courseto starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. (0) Such a s ttucuon shall be deemed to ex ist when d vessel sees the otherahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line andior both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel. (c) When a vessel is in any doubtas to whether such a situation exists she shall assumethat it does exist and act accordingly. 15.When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the wayand shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. 16.Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear. 17.-(a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her courseand speed. (ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid col lisio n by her manoeuv re alo netas sao nas it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate actio n Incompliancewith these Rules. (b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed Ilnds herself so close th at collision can not be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision. (c) A power-driven vesse l which tak es aclio n in a crossi ng sttucnon in accordance w ith sub purugruph (u) (i i) of this rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstancesof the case admit, not aller course to port 465 Uvclt~ kl llg. Head-on snuauon. CJUS'll lig suuauon. Alllnll by give -way vessel. Acnonby stand-on vessels. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 RL'SpUIISlhIIlIIL'S tx.'IWL'(' 1IVL~\ds. Conduct (If vessels III 1~'$ll'h:IL'<1 vls l hll hy. for a vessel on her own porr side. (d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her ohligation to keep out of the way. 18.- Except where Rul es s , 1Uand I ~ otherwise require (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of (i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; (I II) a vessel engaged in fishing; (iv) a sailing vessel. (h) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of­ (I) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; (Iii) a vessel engaged in fishing , (c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of (I) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre. (d) (I) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the ci rcumstances of the case admit, avo id impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rnle 28. (II) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition. (e) A seaplane on the water shall. in general. keep well clear of all vessels and avo id impeding their navigation. In circumstances , however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part. Section III- Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility 19,-(a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when n ~ viB~tinB in nr near an a rea nf rP~trir'lpri v i~ i h il ity (b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engin es ready for immediate manoeuvre, (c) Ev er y v essel sh all hav e du e r egard to th e pr evai Ii ng circumstan ces and conditions of restricted visibility when cnmply ing w ith lhp R ll lp~ nf Sp(·tinn I n f lhi ~ Part (d) A vessel whi ch d etects b y radar alo ne t he presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample lime, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided (i) an ~ItPr~tinn nf rrmrse tn pnrt fnr ~ vp~"p l fnr warrl nf the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken; (ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam. (e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot 466 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions at Sea 2001 Ed.1 avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over. PART C- L1G HTS AND SHAPES 20.-(a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers. (h) The Rules can cerning lights shall he complied with from sunset to sunrise. and during such times no other lights shall he exhlblted, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character. or interfere with the keeping ofa proper look-out. (c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstanceswhen it is deemed necessary. (d) The rules concerning shapes shall he complied with hy day. (e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply wit h the provisions of A nnex I to these Regulations. 21.-(a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so nxed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. (11) "Stdelfghts" me ..H1s a Wppn lighton the srarhoard ship and <I red light on the port side each showing an unhroken light over an arc of the horizon of 11 2.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on ItSrespecnve Side. In a vessel of less than 20 metres In length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel. ((') "Slprnlight" mean c <l w hite light pl<l('prl <IS nearl y <IS prar-tfr-ahl e at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel. (d) "To wi ng I igh t" mean s a yeti ow Iig ht h av in g th e same characteristics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule. (p) ..All -rrum rl light" IllP:.lIl S <l 1ighl chnwlng <I ll nnhrnk sn Hghr over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees. (I) "Flashing light" means a light fiashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute. 22,The lights in these rules shall have an intensity as specified in section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations as to be visible at the following minimum ranges (a) In vessels 01" 50 metres or more in length­ a masthead light, 6 miles; a sidelight, 3 miles; a sternlig ht, 3 miles; a towing light, 3 miles; a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles. 467 Appltcauou. Dcrnuuons. Vl\lhllhy(Iflights. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 t'(JWCI-1111VCIlvcsscrs underway. T(lwlllgandpushillg. (b) In vessels or 12 metres or more In length but less than 50 metres in length a masthead light. 5 miles; except that where the length of the vesse l is less than 20 metres , 3 miles; a sldellght, 2 miles; a stemllght. 2 miles; a towing llght, 2 miles; a white. red.green or yellowall-round light. 2 miles. (c) In vessels of less than 12 metres in length a masthead light. 2 miles; a s idelight, 1 mile; a sternllght, 2 miles; a towing light. 2 miles; a white. red. green or yellowall-round light. 2 miles. (d) In inconspicuous. partly submerged vessels or objects being towed a white all-round light. 3 miles. 23.-(a) A power-driven vessel underway shallexhibit­ (I) a masthead light forward; (I i) a second masthead light abaftof and higher than the forward one; except that a vesse l o f less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so; (I ii) sidelights; (I v) a sternlight. (b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall. in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit un all round Fl eshing yellow light. (c) (I) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and sidelights. (Ii) A power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whose maximumspeed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the Iights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule ex hibit un ull round white light und shal l, if practicable. also exhibit sidelights. (Iii) The masthead light or all-round white light on a power­ driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may be displaced fromthe fore and aft centreline of the vessel if centreline lilting is not practicable. provided that the sidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be curried on the fore und uft ce ntreline of the vess el or located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the masthead light or the all-round white light. 24.-(a) A power-driven vessel when towI ngshall exhibil (I) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a) (I) or (a) (ll) . two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow. measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the two exceeds 200 metres. three such llghts in a vertical line; (i i) sidelights; (Iii) a sternlight; (iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight; 468 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions al Sea 2001 Ed.1 (v) when the length uf the lwu exceeds ZOOIIIClIc:'lo , a diamond shape where it can best be seen. (b) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected ill a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhihit the lights prescribed ill Rule 23. (c) A po wer-d riven vesse l wh en pu shin g ahead or to win g aluu g:'lo iLle, ex ce pt ill the cas e uf a CU IIIIJ us!re U11 il , sha ll exhibit (i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a) (i) or (a) (ii) . two masthead lights in a vertlcal llne: (ii) sidelights; (iii) a stemlight. (d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule apply shall also comply with Rule 23(a) (II) . (e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit. (i) sldellghts: (ii) a stemlight; (iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen, (I) Provided that any number of vessels berng towed alongside or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel (i) a vessel being pushed ahead, no t being part of a ('nmpn "I tp nu l t, c;; h:.l ll ex h lhit a f th p fnrwarrl purl , sidelights; (ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a stemlight and at the forward end, sidelights. (g) An In conspicu ous, partly sub merged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shaii exhibit (i) if it ie;; lpc;; c;; than ?S Illptrp<; in hrearlth , nne all -rrumrl white light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end; (II) If IllS 25 metres or more In breadth, two addmonal all-round white lights at or near the extremities of its breadth; (iii) if it pxcPPrls 100 metres in length . addi tional all -rmmd wh ite Iig hts between the lights prescribed in sub­ paragraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance between the lights shali not exceed 100 metres; (iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftennost extremity of the last vessel or object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres an addlttonal diamond shape where it ran hesr he seen and lnrared <IS far forward as is practicable. (h) Where from any sufflclent cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this Rule, aii possible measures shaii be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object, (i) W hpfP Fmm :.l ny cufffr-Ient ( 'HIIC;; P it i" lmprar-tfr-ahle fnr a vecce l not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall 469 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 5<1111 11).\ ves.\c1s IIl1cle lW ~Y ~1I(1 Vl'SSCIS IIII11er oars. Flshlll).\ vessels. not be required to exhIbit those lights when engaged In rowrng another vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the re lat lonshlp between the towing vesse l and the vessel being towed as authorized hy Rule 36. in particular hy illuminating the towline. 25. (u) A suiling vesse l underwuy s hall exhibit (I) sidelights; (I i) a sternlight. (b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be comhined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen. (c) A sa tllng vesse l u nderwey 1ll0000y , in add ition to th e lig hta prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule. exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can hest he seen. two all-round lights in a vertical line. the upper being red and the lower green. but these lights shall be exhibited in conjunction witb the comhined lantern permitted hy paragraph (b) of this Rule. (d) (I) A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall. il practicabl e, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragra ph (a) or (b) of this Rule. but if she does not. she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a while ligh I which shall he exhihited in suffic ient time to prevent collision. (i i) A vessel under oars may exhihit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels. but if she does not. she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or llghted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision. [e] A vpc;,;c;,;pl prncpprl inp, und er cal l w hen alsn hpinp, prnppllprl hy machinery shall exhibit forward where it can be seen a conical shape. apex downwards. 26 .-(a) A vessel engaged in fishing. whether underway or at anchor, shall exhihit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. (b) A vessel when engaged in trawling by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a flshlng appliance. shall exhibit (I) two all-round lights in a vertical line. the upper being green and the lower white. or a shape consisting of two cones with their upexes together in u ve rtical line one above the other; a vessel of less than 20 metres in length may instead of this shape exhibita basket; (Ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so; (Iii) w hen mektng W dY through the water, in ad dlt lou to tbe lights prescribed in this paragraph. sidelights and a sternlight. (c) A vessel engag ed in Il shin g. oth er th an trawling . sh al l exhibit (I) twoall-round lights in a vertical line. the upper being red and the lower white. or a shape consisting of two 470 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions al Sea 2001 Ed.1 cunes wnh i:t lJex e~ together ill a veruca l Hue une abov e the other; a vessel of less than 20 metres length may instead of this shape exhibit a basket; (ij) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horlwn taliy from the vessel. an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear; (Ill) w hen 1I1i:tk.illg WiiY tlnuug h the wa ter, ill addlt fun tu the lights prescribed in this paragraph. sidelights and a sternlight. (d) A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional signals described in Annex II to these Regulations. (e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shali not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed Inthts Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length. 27.-(a) A vessel not under command shali exhibit (il two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (If) two balis or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. (b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations, shall exhibit (I) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shali be red and the middle light shali be white; (lf) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these shapes shali be halls and the middle one a diamond; (iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights. sidelights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in sub-paragraph (I); (lv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (I) and (Il). the light, lights, or shape prescribed in Rule30. (c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescri bed ill Rule 24(a). exhibit the ligh ts or s hapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (b) (i) and (b) (ii) of this Rule. (d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, shali exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (h) (l). (ii) and (iii) of this Rule and shall in addition. when an obstruction exists. exhibit (I) tw o all-found red ligh ts or two halls in a vertlca l Hne to indicate the side on which the obstruction exists; (ii) two ali-ronnd green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass; (iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in 471 vessels nut UIlr!l'l cunna udnr 1{'slr!l1('rl lnthclr ~Illilly 10 lIlaIiOCUVI'C. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 vessels wlI~l l<l h l('d bythclrdrauul u. Plilli vessels. Anchored vessels and vessels<lgI HUlili . Rule 30. (e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it i mpracticab Ie t 0 ex hib it all Ii ght s and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule. the following shall be exhibited (i) three all-round lights in a vertical linewhere they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white; (ii) a rigid replica of the International Code nag "A" not less than I metre in height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility . (I) A vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations shall in addition to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate. exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapesshall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the foreyard. Thc:JC light s or shapes lndicutc that it ls dangerous for unothcr vessel to approach within 1000 metres of the mine-clearance vessel. (g) Vessels of less than 12 metres in length. except those engaged in divingoperations, shall not be required to exhibit the light, and shapes prescribed in this Rule. (h) The signals prescrihed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in dtsn ess end requirin g ass ts tancc. Such stgnals are conta ined in Annex IV to these Regulations. 28.A vessel constrained by her draught may. in addition to the lights prescribed for power-driven vessels In Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder. 29.-(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit (i) at or near the masthead. two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white and the lower red; (II) when underway, in addition, Sidelights and a sternlight; (iii) w hen at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (I), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor. (b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length. 30.- (a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen (j) in the forepart, an all-round white light or one ball; (ll) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescrihed in sub-paragraph (I), an all-round white light. (b) A v esse! 0 f less than ~o metres in length IIldy ex hibit an allround white Ilght where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule. (c) A vessel at anchor may. and a vessel of 100metres and more in length shall. also use the available workingor equivalent lights to illuminate her decks. (d) A vessel agro und sh al I ex hib it th e Ii ght s p rescrib ed in paragraph (a) or (b) of thiSRule and In addition. where they can best be seen (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line; (ii) thr ee hall s ln a vert fr-all lne. 472 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions at Sea 2001 Ed.1 (e) A vessel or less than 'I metres in length. when at anchor, not in or near a narrow channel. fairway or anchorage. or where other vessels normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule. (0 A vessel of less than 12 metres in length, when aground, shall not he required to exhihit the lights or shapes prescrihed in SUbparagraphs (d) (i) and (Ii) olthis I<ule. 31.Where it is impracticahle for a seaplane to exhihit lights and shapes of the characteristicsor in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this Part she shall exhlblt lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position as is possible. PART D- SQUND AND LI GHT StGNALS 32.- (a) The word "whistle" means anysound signalling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the speclflcatlons in Annex III to these Regulations. (b) The term "short blast" means a blast of about one second's duration. (c) The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds' duration. 33.- (a) A vessel of 12 metres or more in length shall he provided with a whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100metres or more in length shall, in addition, he provided with a gong, the tone and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong shall co mply with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations. The hell or gongor hoth may be replaced by otherequipment having the same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding of the prescribed signals shall alwaysbe possible. (b) A vessel 0 f less th an 12 metres in leng th sh all n ot b e ohliged to carry the sound signalling ap pllances prescrihed in paragraph (a) 0 r this Rule but if she does 110t, she shall he provided with so me other means 0 f making an elflclent sound signal. 34.- (a) Wh~ 1I vessels are ill :s ighl uf one another. a puw er-drtven vessel underway, when manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that manoeuvre by the foll owing signals on her whistle one short blast to mean "I am altering my courseto starhoard"; two short blasts to mean "I am alteri ng my course to port"; three short blasts to mean "I am operating astern propulsion". (11) Any vessel may supplement the whistle sir.,mlls presrrthed in paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out (I) t h es e l i g h t si g n al s sh a II h av e th e f o l i o wi n g slgnll1cance one nashto mean "I am altering my course to starboard"; 473 Dcrtnufuns. Equtpmont rm sound . IW I ~I • . M;U"'C'll vrlo'II ,,,,d WHlIIllIg sl gll~ ls. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 Sound s lg ll~ ls III 1't'S1I1t1t'd vnmuuy. two flashes to mean "I am altering my course to port": three Ilashes to mean "I am ope rat ing astern propulsion ". [ll) the duration of each nash shall be about one second. the interval between flashes shall be about one second and the interval between successive signals shall be not less thanten seconds; (iii) the light used for this signal shall. if fitted. he an all­ round white light. visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall co mply w ith the provis ions o f A nnex I to these Regulations. (c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway (i) a v essel i nt end in g to ov ertak e ana th er shal l in compliancewith Rule 9(e) (i) ind icate her intention by the following signals on her whistle two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to meun "I intend to ovcrtukc yo u o n yo ur sturbourd side"; two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to n~~an "I intend to overtakeyou on your port side": [ll) t he vessel ab out to be a vertak en wh en acti ng in acco rdance wi th Rule 9 (e) (i ) shall i ndicate h er agreeme nt by the foll o wing sig nal all her whistle­ one prolonged. one short. one prolonged and one short blast. in that order. (d) When vessels in sight of one another are approachingeach other and from any causeeither vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficie nt action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel III doubt shall lnuueulately lndlcate such uoutn by giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five s hort and rapid flashes. (e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area ofa channel or fairway where other vessel s may be ob scured by an int ervening obstru ction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast hy any approachIng vessel that may be within hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction. (I) Irw his tles are fi tted on a vesse l at a distance apart o f more than 100metres, one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warn ing signals. 35. ln or near an area of restricted vis ibility , w het her by day or night , the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows (a) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast. (b) A power-driven vessel underway but stoppedand making no way through the water shall sound at in tervals of not more than 2 minutes tw o prolonged blasts in success ion w ith an interval of about 2 seconds between them. (c) A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught, a sailing 474 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions at Sea 2001Ed.1 vessel. a vessel engaged inlishing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall. instead of the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule. sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by two short blasts. (d) A vessel engaged in fishing. when at anchor. and a vessel restricted in h er ability to manoeuv re wh en carrying out her work at anchor. shall instead of the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule. (c) A vesse l towed or if more than one vesse l is towed the lust vessel of the tow. if manned. shall at intervals of not more than2 minutessound fourblasts in succession, namely one prolonged followed by three short blasts. When practicable. this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel. (I) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigid ly co nnected in a co mpos ite unit they shal l be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule. (g) A vessel at anchorshall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. Ina vessel 01 100metres or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gongshall be sounded rapidly fur about 5 seconds In the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sou nd three bl asts in successi on. n amel y a ne sh art. on e prolonged and one short blast. to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel. (h) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in paragraph (I) of this Rule and shall. m andmon. grve threeseparate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle sig nal. (i) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals but. if she does not. shall make some other effic ient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes. OJ A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a). (b) or (I) of this Rule sound un identity signal consisting of four short blas ts. 36.1 f necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal auth orized elsew h ere in these Ru les. o r may direct the beam 0 f her searchlight in the direction of the danger. Insuch a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the purpose of this Rule the use of high intensity intermittent or revolving lights. such as strobe lights. shall be avoided 37.Whetl a vesse l is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals described in Annex IV to these Regulations. 475 Stguals toa uract "lll:'lIllu lI. DlslICSSslgllals. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 Excmprkuts. Dcllnltlon. vcruca! pUSl llulllllj.\ am! spadllj.\(IflIj.\hL~. PA RT E-EXE M PTI ONS 38.Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the requirements of the International Regulations for PreventingCollisions at Sea, 1960 , the keel uf which i~ laid or which is al a ccrrespondtng s lag~ of construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be exempted from compliance therewith as follows (~) T he lnctall atl nn n rt i p, h t~ wi th r~np,p~ prp~(Tihprl in Rlllp ??, until four years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (b) The installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed Insection 7 of Annex I to these Regulations. until fouryears after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (c) The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to metric units and roundi ng o ff measurement Figures. permanent exemption. (d) (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than 150 metres in length . resultin g from the p rescrip tion s of secti on 3(a) of Ann ex I t o t hese Regulations. permanent exemption. (Ii) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 1 50 m etres or more in length, resulting from the p rescrip tion s of secti on 3(a) of Ann ex I t o t hese Regulations. until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (e) The repo si tioni ng of masthead light s result ing fromt he prescriptions of section 2(b) of Annex I to these Regulations. until nine years after the date of entry in to force of these Regulations. (0 The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of sections 2(g) and 3(b) of Annex I to these Regulations. until nine years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. (g) The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex III to these Regulations. until nine years after the date uf enuy lulu fut ce uf t ht::~l:: Regul at lun s. (h) The rep osition ing of al l-round li ghts result Ing from the prescription of section 9(b) of Annex I to these Regulations. permanent exemption. ANNEX I Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes t.The term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermost continuous deck. This height shall be measured from the position vertically beneath the location of the light. 2.-(a) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the masthead lights shall be placed as follows (I) the forward masthead light. or if only one masthead light is carried. theo that light. at a height above the hull of not less than 6 metres. and. if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 metres, then at a helg ln above the hull not less than such breadth. so however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the 476 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions at Sea 2001 Ed.1 hull than 1Z meues. (ii) when two masthead lights are carried the after one shall be at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward one, (b) The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels shall be such that in all normal conditionsof trim the after light will be seen over and separate from the forward light at a distance of 1,000 metres from the stern when viewed from sea level. (c) The masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres but less than 20 metres in length shall be placed at a height abov e the gunwale of not less than 2.5 metres. (d) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may carry the uppermost light at a height of less than 2.5 metres above the gunwale. When however a masthead light is carried in addition to sidelights and a sternlight, then such masthead light shall be carried at least 1 metre higher than the sldellghts. (e) One 0 f the two or three masthead lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel when engaged in towingor pushing another vessel shall be placed in the same position as either the forward masthead light or the after masthead light, provided that, if carried on the aftermast, the lowest after masthead light shall be at least 4.5 metres vertically higher than the forward masthead light. (Q (i) The mustheud light or lights prescribed in Rule 23(u) shall be so placed as to be aboveand clear of all other lights and obstructionsexcept as described in sub­ paragraph (ii) . (Ii) When it Is impracticable to carry the all-round lights prescrib ed by Rule 27(b) (i) or Rule 28 below the masthead lights, they may be carried above the after masth ead light(s) or vertically in between the forward masthead Iight(s) and after masthead Iight(s), provided that in the latter case the requirement of section 3(c) of this Annex shall be complied with. (g) The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a height above the hull not grea ter than three-quarters of that of the forward masthead light.They shall not be so low as to be Interfered with by deck lighb. (h) The sidelights, If In a combined lantern and carried on a power­ driven vessel of less than 20 metres in length, shall be placed not less than 1 metre below the masth ead Ilght . (i) Whenthe Rules prescribe two or three lights to be carried in a vertical line, they shall be spaced as follows (i) on a vessel of 20 metres in length or more such lights shall be spaced not less than 2 metres apart, and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, be placed at a height of not less than <1 metres above the hull; (ii) on a vessel of less than 20 metres in length such lights shall be spaced not less than 1 metre apart and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light IS required, be placed at a height or not less than 2 metres above the hull ; (iii) when three lights are carried they shall be equally 477 12001 Ed. Prevention ofCollisions at Sea CAP.301 Hmlmllldl lJUsllhllllllg and Sp~d llg UrIIghL\ . n" I ~ II~ fIr l,w."l1"" "I dtrccuun-tndlca ttng IIghls for Ilshlng vessels . drodgcrs and vessels ('lIg<lgl'CI hi underwater opcrauons $<.T('CIIS ror sklt'llghl\ . Sh~ IX-'S . spaced. OJ The lower of the two all-round lights prescribed for a vessel when eng aged in fish ing shal l beat a height ab ove th e s idelights not less than twice the distance between the two vertical light' . (k) The forward anchor light prescribed in Rule 30(a) (l) , when two are carried. shall not be less than 4.5 metres above the after one. On a vessel of 50 metres or more In length this forward anchor light shall be placed at a height of not less than 6 metres above the hull. 3.-(a) When two masthead lights are prescribed for a power-driven vessel, the horizontal distance between them shall not be less than one-half of the lengtb of the vessel but need not be more than 100 metres, The forward Iig ht shall he placed not more than one-quarter of the length of the vessel from the stem. (b) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the sidelights shall not be placed in front of the forward masthead lights. They shall be placed at or near tbe side of the vessel. (c) When the lights prescribed in Rule 27(b) (i) or Rule 28 are placed vertically between the forward masthead Iight(s) and the after masthead light(s) these ull-round lights shull be plueed at a horizontal distance of not less than 2 metres from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel in the atbwartship direction. 4.-(a) T ile llg lu illLlicalillg the dh ecuou uf the uutl ylng gear f1 UIII a vessel engaged in fishing as prescribed in Rule 26(c) (I i) shall be placed at horizontal distance of not less than 2 metres and not more than fi metres away from the two all-round red and white Itghts. This light shall be placed not higher than the all­ round white light prescribed in Rule 26(c) (i) and not lower than the sidelights. (b) The lights and shapes on a vessel engaged III dredgmg or underwater operations to indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on which it is safe to pass. as prescribed in Rule 27(d) (i) and (ii). shall be placed at the maximum practical horizontal distance, but in no case less than 2 metres, from the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 27(b) (I) and [ll). In no case shall tbe upper of these lights or shapes be at a greater height than the lower of the three lights or shapes prescribed in Kule U (b) (I) and (tl). 5. The sidellghts of vessels of 2 0 metres or more in length shall be Iltt ed wit h in board screen s painted m att black , an d meet ing the requirements of secti on 9 of this An nex. On vessels of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights, if necessary to meet the requirements 0 f sec tion !J 0 f this Annex , shull b efitted w ith Inboard mutt b luck screens. With a combined lantern, usin g a single vertical filament and a very narrow division between the green and red sectio ns, external screens need n ot be fitted. 6.- (a) Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes (I) a b all shall hav e a diamet er of n ot less than 0.6 metre; [ll) a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre and a height equal to its diameter; (iii) a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a height of twice its diameter; 478 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions al Sea 2001 Ed.1 (IV) a diamond shape shall consist or two conesas denned in (I i) above having a common base, (b) The vertical distance between shapesshall be at least 1.5 metres. (c) In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesser dimensions bnt commensurate with the size of the vess el may he used and the distance apart may be correspondingly reduced. 7.The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following standards, which lie within the boundaries of the area of the diagram speclfled for each colour by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating the corner co-o rdinates, which are ~5 foll ows (I) White x 0.525 0.525 0.452 0.3100.3100.443 v 0.382 0.440 0.440 0.348 0.283 0.382 "(I i) Green x 0.028 0.009 0.300 0.203 Y0.385 0.7230.511 0.356 (i ii) Red x 0.680 0.660 0.735 0.721 Y0.320 0.320 0.265 0.259 (lv) Yellow x 0.612 0.618 0.5750.575 Y0.382 0.382 0.425 0.406 8.-(3) The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using the formula I = 3.43 X 10 ' X T X 0 ' x K -D Where I is lu min ous intensity in candelas und er service conditions, T is threshold factor 2 X 10 "'l ux, o is range of vlslblllty (lum inous range) of the lIght in nautical miles, K is atmospheric transmissivity. For prescribed lights Ihe value of Kshall be 0.8, corresponding to a meteorological visibility of approximately 13 nautical miles. (b) A selection of ligures derived fromthe formul a is given in the following tahle CUIUUI'Spcdl1 tllIIUIl (If IIghl~ . nncnsuy (Iflights. Runge of visibility (luminous range) of light in nautical miles o 1 2 3 4 5 6 L uminous intensity o f light in candelas for K = 0.8 I 0.9 4.3 12 27 52 94 Note : The maximum luminous intensity of navtgen on lights should b e limited to avoid und ue glare. This shall not be achieved by a variable control of the luminous intensity. 479 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea CAP.301 H UII / wlldl ~llUl ~. vcruca tS(X:IUlS . nnonsuy ornon­ clcctrk lights. M~ IIll(' UV l'l lig light Approval. 9.- (a) (I) In the forward oirecnon. sidenghts as ntted on the vessel shall show the minimum required intensities. The intensities shall decrease to reach practical cut-orr between 1 degree and 3 degrees outside the prescribed sectors. (ii) For sternlights and masthead lights and at 22.5 degrees abaft the heam for sidelights. the minimu m required in tensi ties shall be maintained over the arc or the horizon up to 5 degrees within the limits of the sectors p rescrihed in Rule 21. From 5 degrees within the prescribed sectors the intensity may decrease by 50 per cent up to the prescrihed limits; it shall decrease steadily to reach practical cut-off at not more than 5 degrees outside the prescribed sectors. (b) All-round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by masts, topmastsor structures within angular sectors of more than 6 degrees. except anchor lights prescribed in Rule 30. w hich need not be pluced ut un impructicuble height ubove the hull. 10.-(a) The vert leal sectors 0 I'electric Jig hts as fitted. with the exception of lights 0 11 sa iling vessels shall ensure that (i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal; (ii) at least 60 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintained from 7.5 degrees above to 7.5 degrees below the horizontal. (b) In the case of sailIng vessels the vertical sectors or electnc lights as fitted shall ensure that (i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at ~ 11 ~ n p, lpc;; Fmm f rip p,rp p c;; ahnve rn fi ri p p,rp p c;; helnw the horizontal; (ii) at least 50 per cent of the required minimum intensity is maintained from 25 degrees above to 25 degrees below the horizontal. (c) In the case of Iights other than electric these specil1cations shall be met as closely as possible. II .Non-electric lights shall so far as practlcable comply with the minimum intensities. as specil1ed in the Table given in section 8 of this Annex. 12.Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2(I) of this Annex the manoeuvring light described in Rule 34(b) shall he placed in the same fore and aft vertical plane as the masthead light or lights and. where pracu cable. at a minimum helglu uf 2 metre , veruca lly above the forward masthead light. provided that it shall be carried not less than 2 metres vertically aboveor below the after masthead light. On a vessel where only one masthead light ls carrled the manoeuvring light. if fi tted. shall be carried where it can best be seen. not less than 2 metres vertically apart from the masthead light. 13 .The construction o f lights and shapes and the installation of lights on hoard the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State whose nag the vessel is entitled to fly. 480 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions al Sea 2001 Ed.1 ANNEX II Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity t.The lights mentioned herein shall. it exhihited in pursuance 01 Rule 26(d), be placed where they can best be seen. Theyshall be at least 0.9 metre apart butat a lower level than lights prescribed in Rule 26(b) (i) und (c) (i). The ligh ts s hall be vis ible ull round the horizon ut u dis tan ce o f at least 1 milebut at a lesser distance than the lights prescribedby these Rules for fishing vessels. 2.-(a) Vessels when engage d in trawlin g . w hether using demersal or pelagic gear, may exhibit (i) when shooting their nets: twn white lights in a vertical line: (ii) when hauling their nets: one white light over one red one in a vertical line; (iii) when the net has come fast upon an obstruction: two red ugtus III a verucat line. (b) Each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit (i) by night, a searchlight directed forward and in the dtrer-tton of the other vessel of the palr : (it) when shooting or hauling their net, or when their nets have come fast upon a obstruction, the lights prescribed in 2(a) above. 3.Vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibittwo yellow lights in a vertical line. These lights shali nash alternately every second and with equal light and occultation duration. These lights may be exhlblted only when the vessel is hampered by its Iishing gear. ANNEX III Technical de[all, uf soundsignal appliances I.- (a) Frequencies and range of audibility. The fundamental frequency of the signal shall lie within the rangeof7 0·700 Hz. The range of audibilityof the signal from a whistle shali be determined by those frequenci es , w hich may include the fun damental andior more higher frequencies, which lie within the range 180·700 Hz (± 1 percent) and which provide the sound pressure levels specil1ed in paragraph 1(c) below. (b) Limits of fundamental frequencies. To ensure a wide variety of wh istle characteristi cs, t he fun damental frequen cy of a whistie shall be between the followin g limits (i) 70·200 Hz, for a vessel 200 metres or more in length; (ii) 130·350 Hz, for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metres in length; (ill) 250·700 Hz, for a vessel less than 75 metres in length. (c) Sound signal intensity and rangeof audibility. A whistle fitted in a vessel shali provide In the direction of maximum tnten stry of the w histle lind 11t 11 distance of 1 metre from it, a sound pressure level in at least one li3rd·octave hand within the range of frequencies 180·700 Hz (± 1 per cent) of not less than the appropriate figure given in the tahle 481 ccncrar. Slgnals fur purse seiners . Whl sllcs. 12001 Ed. Prevention of Collisions at Sea below. Length of vessel li3rd-octave hand Audihility in metres level at 1 metre range in in dB referred to nau tical 2 x 10.5Ni m ' miles CAP.301 200 or more 143 2 75 but less than 200 138 1.5 20 but less than 75 130 I Less than 20 120 0.5 The range of audibility in the table above is for information and is approximately the range at which a whistle may he heard on its forward axis with 90 per cent probability in conditions of still air on board a vessel having average background noise level at the Itstenlng posts (taken to be 68 dB In the octave band centred on 250 Hz and 63 dB in the octave band centred on 500 Hz). In pnH't ir' P the r~lIg o ~ t whi r-h H w hlct If> m~y hft h p~ rri is extrem ely variabl e and depends critically on weat her conditions; the values given can he regarded as typical hut under conditionsof strong wind or high ambient noise level at the IIstentng post the range may be much reduced. (d) Directional properties. The sound pressore level of a directional whistle shall be not mnre than 11 fiR hel nw Ihft prp<;nihpri~n lll lfi prpc;; c;;lIrp !PVP] on the axis at any direction in the horizontal plane within ± 45 degrees of the axis. The sound pressore level at any other direction in the horizontal plane shall be not more than 10dB below the prescrIbed sound pressure lev el on the axts, so that the range in any direction will be at least half the range on the forward axis. The sound pressure level shall be measured in that 1 /~rri -n("t:-l VP hand w hir-h riplPrminpc;; th e :-l llrilhillty r:-l np,p (e) Positioning of whistles. When a directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a vessel. It shall be installed with its maximum intensity directed straight ahead. A whistle shall be placed as high as practicable on a vessel. in order to reduce in terception 0 f the emitt ed sound by nhstrur-rlnns and also tn mlnlmlze heartn g rl<lm<lp,p risk tn personnel. The sound pressure level of Ihe vessel"s own signal at listening posts shall not exceed 110dB (A) and so far as practicable should not exceed 100dB (A). (I) Fitting of more than one whistte. If whistlesare fitted at a distance apart of more than 100 metres. it shall be so arranged that they are not sounded simultaneously. (PJ Cnmhtned w hlstle syslPms If due 10 the pressore of obstructions the sound field of a single whistle or of one of the whistles referred to in paragraph I (I) above is likely to have a zone of greatly redoced signal level, it is recommended that a combmed whistle system he fitted so as to overcome this reduction. For the purposes of the Rules a combined whistle system is to be regarded as a single w histle. The w histles o f a combined sys tem shall be located at a distance apart of not more than 100metres and arranged to be sounded simultaneously. The frequency of any one whistle shall differ from those of the others by at least 10Hz. 482 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions at Sea 2001 Ed.1 2.-(a) Intensity 01signal. A b el l a r go ng . or a th er d evi ce hav ing slm il ar so u nd characteristics shall produce a sound pressure level of not less than 110 dB at a distance o f 1 metre from it. (b) Construction. Bells and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and designed to give a clear tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall be not less than 300 mm for vessels of 20 metres or more in length, and shall be not less than 200 mrn for vessels of 12 metres or more but of less than 20 metres in length. Wbere practicable. a power-driven bell striker is recommended to ensure constant force but manual operation shall be possible. The mass of the striker shall be not less than 3 per cent of the mass of the bell. 3.Tbe construction of sound signal appliances. their performance and their install ation on hoard the vessel shall he to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of tbe State whose nag the vessel is entitled to fly, ANNEX IV Distress Signals I. Th e fall owing sig nal s, used or ex bib ited eit her t ogetber or separately. indicate distress and need of assistance (a) a gun or other explosive signal l1 red at intervals of about a minute: (b) a continuous sounding witb any fog-signalling apparatus; (c) ruck.el:"t ur shel ls , tllluwi llg tell :"tla l:"t fh ed une at a lillie at alun t intervals; (d) a signal made by radiotelegrapby or by any other signalling method consisting of the group •••- - ••• (50S) in the Morse Code; (e) a signal sent by radiotelepbony consisting of the spoken word "Mayday"; (I) the International Code SIgnal of dIstress Indicated by N.C.; (g) a signal consisting of a square nag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball; (h) names on the vessel (as from a burning tarbarrel, oil barrel, etc); (I) a rocket parachute flare or a band flare sbowing a red Iigbt; (j) a smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smoke; (k) slowly and repeatedly raising and lowermg arms outstretched to each side; (I) tbe radiotelegrapb alarm signal; (m) the radiote le phone alarm s ig nal; (n) signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radio beacons. 2.Thc usc or exhibition ofu ny of the foregoing slgnuls exce pt for the purpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the lise of other signals which may be confused witb any of the above signals is probibited. 3.Attentton is drawn to the relevant sections of the international Code of Signals. the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals 483 ecnor gOllg. Approval. 12001 Ed. Prevention ofCollisions at Sea CAP.30] (a) a piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other appropriatesymbol (for identification from the air); (b) a dye marker. SECOND SCHEDULE NOTE: The description of the provisions set out ill the second column is a guide only and reference must be made to the full wording of the Rules in question. General subject matterof rule maintenance of proper look-out proceeding at safe speed use of all available means to determine if risk of collision exists taking action to avoid collision correct navigation of narrow channels compliance with traffic separation schemes right of way betweensailing vessels proper meansof overtakingvessels alteratlo n of course to avoid risk of head-on collision betweenpower-driven vessels right of way between power-driven vessels crossing early and substantial action to keep out of way of other vessel vessel having right of way to keep course and speed unless forced to take avoidanceaction special rules for giving way to other vessels vessels to proceedat safe speed in conditions of restricted visibility procedure when another vessel detected by radar alone procedure when fog signal of other vessel heard forward of beam or close proximity of other vessel forward of beam cannot be avoided 20(b)(c) prescribed lights and no others to be shown from sunset to sunrise and by day in restricted Visibility conditions prescribed shapes to be carried by day range of visibility of prescribed lights lights for certain power-driven and air-cushion vessels lights and shapes when towing and pushing lights and shapes for sailing vessels under way and vessels under oars lights and shapes on fishing vessels lights and shapeson vessels not under command or with restricted manoeuvrability addition alii ghts and shape for vessels constrained by draught lights and shapes on pilot vessels lights and shapes on vessels at anchor or aground lights and shapes for seaplanes equipmenton vessels for sound signals sound and light signals for manoeuvringand warning sound signals in restricted visibility signals to attract attention of other vessel distresssignals Rule 26 27 19(d) 19(e) 18 19(b) 17 15 16 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 20(d) 22 23 24 25 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 484 ICAP.30 Prevention of Collisions et Sea 2001 Ed.1 Annex I positionand technical details 01lights and shapes Annex II addiii anal sign als for fi shing vessels fishing in cl ose proximity Annex III techni cal details of so und s ignal appli ances Annex IV particulars of distress signals 485