Nepal: Zero Hunger Challenge National Action Plan (2016-2025)

7 According to national census survey an adult person needs 122 Kg.

8 Kantipur Daily, February 1, 2016, Kathmandu, Nepal. 23 achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The NAP has an advantage of these priorities as they contribute to build synergy in the implementation of NAP targets. Equally important for NAP are the priorities set under the Agriculture Development Strategy, 2015 and the Multi Sector Nutrition Plan (see Annex – IV for further details). The cooperation of both national and international development partners is important for NAP to successfully implement its planned activities with a shared vision. Such collaboration is expected to increase investments targeted towards increased production and marketing services that can benefit poor who are food insecure. It not only contributes to eradicate their poverty, hunger and malnutrition but also adds value to realize Nepal's dream of improving its “current status of "least developed nation” to a “developing nation” by 2022. VIII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION The NAP will attempt to obtain coordinated support from key stakeholders representing the service providers such government line agencies, cooperatives, farmers’ groups, international development partners and the private sector stakeholders. Implementation of proposed activities will be made complementary by sharing annual plans across the related ministries. Efforts will be made to create technical and budgetary synergies. The implementation process will apply incremental approach by launching the prioritized activities in a sequenced manner by dividing the targets to be accomplished in the short-term (2016-2017), medium-term (2018-2020) and the long term (2021- 2025) time intervals. This kind of phased approach is expected to soften the burden of arranging all logistics and resources at a time. Progress will be monitored at both district and national levels through the ZHC Secretariat established at MoAD under the supervision of High Level Committee. The Secretariat will be made responsible for ensuring implementation of cross-sectoral tasks as planned under the NAP. It will maintain database collecting information from key stakeholders. It will submit periodic progress reports to the High Level Committee indicating changes occurred in the accomplishment of hunger and nutrition status. The Secretariat will establish Focal Group for effective implementation of the planned activities, as necessary. District level Committees will be formed to implement and monitor progress on respective targets. They will report their progress to the Secretariat quarterly. Participatory knowledge management principle will applied in monitoring the implemented activities. Information will be shared among related stakeholders to keep them abreast about the ongoing poverty, hunger and nutrition status against the indicators set for the envisaged outcomes, outputs, and activities. It will also cover 24 reporting on emerging issues. Multi-stakeholders meetings will be organized twice a year to discuss the progress covering emerging issues and opportunities associated with the potentials for sustainable food production, adequacy of institutional services provided, extent of food access improved, changes occurred in food and nutrition security status of people, and the likelihood of achieving the goal of eradicating hunger and malnutrition by 2025. Discussions will also be held on whether the currently planned activities are adequate to meet the targets under each Pillar. It will also look into whether the currently set indicators are adequate to capture reporting of envisaged progress and issues related to each Pillar. Policy dialogues will be held every three years among the stakeholders representing government agencies, international development partners, producers, suppliers, consumers, cooperatives and the farmers associations. Feedbacks will be obtained on how best the targets of eradicating hunger and malnutrition can be accomplished and what policy protection measures should be adjusted. Baseline and benchmark figures will be established creating space for inserting new indicators of progress, if the currently set indicators are found inadequate to ascertain any dimension of progress. If necessary, even a new survey will be conducted to fill the information gaps against the key parameters of the progress envisaged. The NAP will be a living document providing scope for learning by doing till it can successfully meet the ultimate goal of ensuring zero hunger. Its planned activities will be implement with the periodic review of results and again plan further to fill the gaps observed, if any. 25 Annexes 26 Annex - I Zero Hunger Challenge Initiative National Action Plan (2016 – 2025) Details on the Proposed Outcomes, Outputs and Activities Related Agencies Monitoring and Evaluation Government Target Related Projects / Support Related Policy / Pillars, Outcomes, Outputs and Activities International Remarks Programs Institutions Strategy Development Unit Baseline Endline Year (Private / Progress Indicators Partners (2015) (2025) NGOs) PILLAR - I 100 % EQUITABLE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE, NUTRITIOUS AND AFFORDABLE FOOD ALL YEAR ROUND Outcome - 1.1 Nepal’s Constitutional Rights to Food Sovereignty materialized with increased access of all people to food Output - 1.1.1 Laws to ensure food sovereignty formulated and enforced Activity 1.1.1.1 Conduct research on how Agriculture and Food MoAD, MoLJ Research study results applied in No. 2017 Nepal Agriculture and smallholder farmers and Security Project facilitating rights based access to food Food Security Country landless rural poor are Investment Plan; accessing food to meet National Nutrition Policy their requirement and what and Strategy; Multi- legal provisions can improve sector Nutrition Plan; their access with rights National Health Policy, based choice 1991 Activity 1.1.1.2 Enact laws that contribute to MoAD, MoLJ No. of enacted and amended laws No. 2018 Constitution of Nepal ensure equitable distribution protecting equitable distribution of food for of food the disadvantaged groups Activity 1.1.1.3 Disseminate information MoAD, MoLJ No. of poor household members familiar No. 2019 through mass media about about their equal right to access food the measures that contributes poor families in accessing food and nutrition security based on their equal rights Output - 1.1.2 Increased access to inputs for the production of food crops Activity 1.1.2.1 Improve access to quality Special Program for Seed MoAD, DoA, Seed production, certification and National Seed Vision seeds Production, Certification and DADO distribution system institutionalized in 2013-2025; National Distribution three ecological belts of all five Seed Policy, 2056; development regions National Fertilizer Seed replacement rate improved from the Policy, 2002, Seed Act current 10 to 15 percent 27 and Seed Regulation ….. Agriculture Information and MoAD Communication Center Kisan ka lagi Unnat Biubijan MoAD IFAD, HPIN Karyakram (KUBK) Activity 1.1.2.2 Promote crop varieties Home Garden Program DoA, DADO SDC No. of seed varieties promoted suitable for different Cotton Development MoAD No. 2 3 2018 ecological belts Committee National Agriculture MoAD, NARC Research and Development Fund Crop Development Program MoAD Activity 1.121.3 Establish nurseries for Horticulture Centers and DoA, DADO No. of seedlings produced through the different fruits suitable to Farms nurseries different ecological belts Activity 1.1.2.4 Establish local seed Nepal Trade Integration DoA, DADO No. of seed purification activities No. 2 5 2025 National Seed Policy, selection and development Strategy (NTIS) 2010 established 2056 activities Agriculture Development MoAD Ha. 90 233 2025 Project (Janakpur) Activity 1.1.2.5 Strengthen national seed Agricultural Extension MoAD Quantity of local seed produced per year National Seed Policy, system including promotion Program 2056 of local seed varieties Home Garden Program SDC Activity 1.1.2..6 Increase management Cooperative Farming, Small MoIrr. Japan Coverage of irrigation water per hectare No. 136 353 2025 Irrigation Policy, 2060, efficiency in the use of Irrigation, Fertilizer and Timeliness in the supply of water to the Norms for Agri. irrigation water Seeds Transportation crop needs Extension Programs Program Community Managed MoAD ADB, OFID Irrigated Agro Area Project Rehabilitation and MoIrr. Management Transfer of Government Irrigation Project Irrigation Project based on MoIrr. New Technology Irrigation Rehabilitation MoIrr. Kuwait Fund Project Food Crisis Response MoAD WB No. 100 259 2025 Program Activity 1.1.2.7 Develop nurseries for Food Crisis Response DoA, MoAD WB No. of seedlings produced through the Mt. 217 563 2025 National Seed Policy, seedlings production Program nurseries 2056 28 Rani Jamara Kulariya MoAD WB No. 3 4 2018 Irrigation Project (system modernization, agriculture program) (MoAD) Rani Jamara Kulariya MoAD WB Irrigation Project (including system modernization) (MoI) Kisan ka lagi Unnat Biubijan MoAD IFAD Ha 15 20 2018 Karyakram (KUBK) Agriculture Development MoAD Ha 90 233 2025 Project (Janakpur) Horticulture Development MoAD kg. 2,323 6,025 2025 Program Potato, Vegetables and MoAD Kg. 3,540 9,192 2025 Spices Development Program Activity 1.1.2.8 Support implementation of Increased seed replacement rate, Seed seed vision balanced sheet Activity 1.1.2.9 Increased use of organic and inorganic Promotion of pesticides pesticides Activity 1.1.2.10 Increase use of farm Special Program for DoA, DLS, No. of farmers trained for the application Agro Mechanization machineries and equipment Agricultural Production NARC, MoAD of improved technologies and tools Promotion Policy, 2071 No. of machinery and tools supplied by the service providers (sold and taken on a custom hiring basis) Home Garden Program SDC Activity 1.1.2.11 Establish national facilities Special Program for MoAD National Seed Policy, for seed and fertilizers Agricultural Production 2056; National Fertilizer production Cooperative Farming, Small Japan No. 424 1100 2025 Policy, 2002 Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program Activity 1.1.2.12 Train farmers to adapt with Pilot Program for Climate MoAD, WB No. of farmers trained National Adaptation climate change and natural Resilience (PPCR) : MoEST Programme of Action to disaster effects Building Resilience to Climate Change; Climate Related Hazards Climate Change Policy, (agriculture management 2067 information system) Activity 1.1.2.13 Fill the shortage of Agriculture Extension and MoAD, Reduction in the shortage of labour over Times/P 44/1100 59/1464 2018 Labour and Employment agricultural labour (caused Training Center MoLTM, the years Proportion of seasonal ersons Policy, 2012; National by excessive outmigration) MoYS, NHRC agricultural activities performed with Cooperative Policy, with mechanization of the mechanized tools and equipment 2069; Agro agricultural operations Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan No. 10 26 2025 Mechanization Irrigation, Fertilizer and Promotion Policy, 2071 29 Seeds Transportation Program Output - 1.1.3 Increased production of livestock Activity 1.1.3.1 Promote raising of improved Agriculture and Food DLS , Ministry GAFSP, WB No. of breed improvement programmes Dairy Development poultry and animal breeds Security Project of Livestock launched Policy, 2064; Poultry and Poultry No. of improved breed animals (cow, Policy, 2068; Rangeland Development buffalo and goats) raised by the farmers Policy, 2068 (MLPD) No. of animals served under Al services Livestock Service Extension DLS No. 572 1484 2025 Program Activity 1.1.3.2 Increase supply of feed Livestock Service Extension Seed Mt. of feed produced Rangeland Policy, 2068 Program Producing - Produced locally Company - Imported No. of feed industry established Activity 1.1.3.3 Increase production of Livestock Service Extension DLS No. of fodder trees newly planted Rangeland Policy, 2068 fodder and promote stall Program Ha. of pasture areas used for grazing feeding Activity 1.1.3.4 Develop pasture areas Livestock Service Extension DLS. MoAD Ha. of pasture areas increased Rangeland Policy, 2068 Program Activity 1.1.3.5 Improve preventive and Livestock Service Extension DLS, MoAD foot and mouth disease Times 1085 1444 2018 Crop and Livestock curative animal health Program Insurance services Avian Influenza Control DLS Times 12 31 2025 Project (AICP) Activity 1.1.3.6 Promote establishment of Nepal Veterinary Council Private No. of local paravet centers established Public Private private sector paravet Paravets, No. of households covered by the paravet Partnership (White services DLS, MoAD services No. of animals Paper) treated Livestock Health Services MoAD No. 750 1945 2025 Program Activity 1.1.3.7 Capacity development of paravets Activity 1.1.3.8 Conservation and use of indigenous breeds Activity 1.1.3.9 Increase poultry raising Cooperative Farming, Small DLS Japan No. of chicken raised per year No. 19000 40281 2025 Poultry Policy, 2068 activities Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program Agriculture Research MoAD No. 419 1087 2025 Program Activity 1.1.3.10 Identify and control trans- Avian Influenza Control DLS, DFTQC, Health of the imported animals checked Times 12 31 2025 boundary import of animal Project (AICP) DoA before their entry into the Nepalese diseases boarder Effectively functioning plant and animal quarantine services 30 Livestock Health Services MoAD No. 750 1945 2025 Program Activity 1.1.3.11 Increase cold water and Fishery Development DoF, MoAD No. of farmers engaged in fisheries Ha. 470 1219 2025 NARC's Strategic Vision warm water fish farming Program for Agricultural Agro Business Promotion MoAD No 2 5 2025 Research (2011-2030) and Market Development Program Project for Commercial MoAD WB Agriculture and Trade (PACT) Agriculture Research MoAD No. 143 371 2025 Program Rani Jamara Kulariya MoAD WB Ha. 6 8 2018 Irrigation Project (system modernization, agriculture program) Activity 1.1.3.12 Strengthen quality fingerling, No. of fish seed , feed increased fish feed and fish seed supply system Output - 1.1.4 Increased access to production infrastructure Activity 1.1.4.1 Increase timely availability of Special Program for MoAD, AICL Mt. of fertilizers distributed to the farmers National Fertilizer fertilizers Agricultural Production per year Policy, 2002 Kg. of fertilizers applied per hectare Agriculture Information and MoAD Communication Center Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan Mt 11743 30458 2025 Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program Activity 1.1.4.2 Expand irrigation services Cooperative Farming, Small MoIrr, MoAD Japan Ha. covered by gravity flow, ground water No. 2759 7156 2025 Irrigation Policy, 2060 Irrigation, Fertilizer and and rain water harvest irrigation systems Seeds Transportation Program Food Crisis Response MoAD WB No. 100 259 2025 Program Activity 1.1.4.3 Develop and increase farm electrification Activity 1.1.4.4 Establish and strengthen agriculture market Activity 1.1.4.5 Establish cold storage in each district according to need assessment Activity 1.1.4.6 Develop and quality improvement of agriculture road 31 Activity 1.1.4.7 Maintain seed buffer stock Activity 1.1.4.8 Develop and rehabilitate Cooperative Farming, Small MoIrr. Japan No. of irrigation systems newly built and No. 2759 7156 2025 Irrigation Policy, 2060 irrigation infrastructure Irrigation, Fertilizer and rehabilitated Seeds Transportation Program Food Crisis Response MoAD WB No. 100 259 2025 Program Surkhet Valley Irrigation MoIrr. Project Irrigation Feasibility Study MoIrr. and Construction Quality Program Bagmati Irrigation Project MoIrr. Saudi Fund Babai Irrigation Project MoIrr. Mahakali Irrigation Project MoIrr. Sunsari Morang Irrigation MoIrr. Project Praganna and Badkapath MoIrr. Irrigation Project Sikta Irrigation Project MoIrr. Medium Irrigation Project MoIrr. Karnali Zone Irrigation Development Program Seti Makakali Irrigation Development Program Activity 1.1.4.9 Maintain traditional irrigation Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan No. of traditional irrigation systems No. 2759 7156 2025 systems Irrigation, Fertilizer and maintained Seeds Transportation Program Food Crisis Response MoAD WB No. 100 259 2025 Program Activity 1.1.4.10 Adopt rain water harvesting Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan No. of rainwater harvest system installed No. 136 353 2025 system Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program Activity 1.1.4.11 Increase access to irrigation Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan Ha. of farm areas having access to No. 2759 7156 2025 facilities Irrigation, Fertilizer and irrigation water Seeds Transportation Program Food Crisis Response MoAD WB No. 100 259 2025 Program Irrigation Institutional MoIrr. Development Program 32 Irrigation and Water MoIrr. WB Resource Management project Activity 1.1.4.12 Increase on-farm irrigation Cooperative Farming, Small MoIrr, WUA Japan No. of user groups emphasizing water No. 2759 7156 2025 water use efficiency Irrigation, Fertilizer and management efficiency Seeds Transportation Program Underground Shallow and MoIrr. Deep Tubewell Irrigation Project Deep and Shallow MoIrr. India Tubewell Irrigation Project Activity 1.1.4.13 Reclaim agricultural land lost MoAD, Ha. of landslide and flood area river beds National Land Utilization due to landslide and floods MoLRM reclaimed for agricultural use Policy, 2069 Activity 1.1.4.14 Implement strategies for MoSCF Watershed developed for sustainable Water Resource watershed conservation service Strategy Activity 1.1.4.15 Ensure voluntary compliance MoAD, Enforce environmental quality standards to conservation (on-farm and MoEST, Implement forest management guidelines off-farm) MoSCF Activity 1.1.4.16 Promote leasing of fallow MoSCF Ha. of fallow land cultivated under the National Land Utilization land for cultivation leasing provision of land Policy, 2069 Activity 1.1.4.17 Increase construction and DoLIDAR Km of feeder and agricultural roads newly Industrial Policy, 2067 maintenance of rural roads constructed and maintained No. of suspension bridges built Km of pack animal trails built and maintained Activity 1.1.4.18 Control farm-induced Integrated Water Resource MoSCF WB Enforce the Disaster Management Act No. 245 635 2025 National Strategy for degradation of land and Management Project Disaster Risk water resources (IWRMP) Management in Nepal Community Managed ADB Irrigated Agriculture Sector Project (Agriculture) Activity 1.1.4.19 Increase community MoSCF, No. of households organized in repairing Environment Protection participation in managing Community damage occurred in the community and Act and Rules, 1997 degraded farm and forest leasehold forest areas and animal areas pastures Activity 1.1.4.20 Prepare district plans for DDC, DFSO Districts plans prepared by mapping National Strategy for disaster management hazard-prone areas (e.g. flood, landslide Disaster Risk and droughts) No. of household members Management in Nepal trained for disaster prevention Activity 1.1.4.21 Participation of smallholder Agro Business Promotion MoAD Group marketing system developed No. 50 130 2025 Agribusiness Promotion farmers increased in the and Market Development Policy, 2006; Trade market Program Policy, 2009; Nepal Livestock Market Promotion MoAD No. 45 117 2025 Trade Integration Program Strategy, 2010 Output - 1.1.5 Strong linkage established between the research and extension services 33 Activity 1.1.5.1 Use of information and communication technology No. of agro advisory issued and used by (ICT ) farmers Activity 1.1.5.2 Sustainable agricultural National Agriculture NARC, MoAD No. of research activities conducted to growth potential explored Research and Development recommend sustainable agricultural through research Fund (NARDF) growth potential Activity 1.1.5.3 Increase access to Agriculture Extension and DoA, DLS, Ratio of the extension staff to No. of No. 500 500 2017 National Agriculture extension services Training Center MoAD farmers Policy, 2004; Nepal No. of leader farmers trained Agriculture Extension No. of currently functioning Farmers Field Strategy Schools Activity 1.1.5.4 Strengthen coordination Agriculture Extension and NARC, DoA No. of successful varietal research results Times 1 2 2020 NARC's Strategic Vision between research and Training Center transferred to the farmers’ field for Agricultural extension services to No. of rain-fed agriculture varieties Research (2011 - 2030) transfer farm research developed results into the farmers’ field No. of climate smart crops cultivated in the farmers field Agricultural Extension MoAD Program Livestock Service Extension MoAD Times. 1085 1444 2018 Program Activity 1.1.5.5 Mobilize local farmers' group Agricultural Extension DoA, DLS, No. of farmers mobilized through the in transferring improved Program MoAD, NARC farmers' field schools (FFSs) technologies Activity 1.1.5.6 Promote dissemination of Agricultural Extension DoA, DLS, Networks disseminating information for facts and figures for Program MoAD, NARC planning and implementation of informed planning and productive activities implementation of productive activities Activity 1.1.5.7 Promote replication of Tea, Coffee and Cardamom DoA, MoAD ICT support services applied for the Times. 52 69 2018 agricultural best practices Development Board dissemination of best practices Activity 1.1.5.8 Promote Farmers Field Soil Test and Improvement DoA, DLS, No. of farmers participating in the FFS No. 40 64 2020 Nepal Agriculture School (FFS) activities to Service Program MoAD Extension Strategy localize extension services Integrated Water Resource MoAD WB No. 21 28 2018 Management Project (IWRMP) Karnali Zone Agriculture MoAD Times. 19 31 2020 Development Project Activity 1.1.5.9 Promote coordination among Sugarcane and Sugar DoA, DLS, Harmonized plan developed for the service providers Development Committee MoAD implementation of interrelated activities at the local level Kisan ka lagi Unnat Biubijan MoAD IFAD, HPIN Karyakram (KUBK) Output - 1.1.6 Women’s role in productive activities enhanced 34 Activity 1.1.6.1 Increase women's access to National Dairy Development MoAD, Percent of increase in the land area Times 2 5 2025 National Agriculture productive asset base Board (Special Milk MoWCSW owned by women (including the parcels Policy, 2004; Nepal Production Programme) taken for contact farming) Agriculture Extension Activity 1.1.6.2 Promote gender-responsive National Dairy Development MoWCSW, No. of participants covered in training, Times 2 5 2025 Strategy delivery of training and Board (Special Milk MoAD, extension and credit services (as extension services Production Programme) National compared to men) Woman Commission Activity 1.1.6.3 Promote women-friendly National Dairy Development MoWCSW, No. of women applying agricultural Times 2 5 2025 agricultural technologies and Board (Special Milk MoAD, technologies and practices suitable to practices Production Programme) their competence Activity 1.1.6.4 Strengthen agro-gender MoAD, Plans developed, implemented and database for planning and monitored with use of agro-gender implementation of database agricultural activities Activity 1.1.6.5 Facilitate women for gender National Dairy Development MoWCSW, Women’s participation maintained with Times 2 5 2025 Dairy Development friendly engagement in the Board (Special Milk MoAD flexible working hours (under special Policy, 2064; Poultry productive activities Production Programme) conditions) Policy, 2068; Micro Affirmative actions conducted for women’s Enterprise Development recruitment as facilitators, extension Programme workers, social mobilizers etc.) Recognition and acknowledgement of women’s knowledge in planning and implementation of activities Functional network of women established for agricultural activities Activity 1.1.6.6 Mechanize agricultural Agriculture Extension and MoAD Burdensome manual work of agriculture Times/P 44/1100 59/1464 2018 Agro Mechanization operations to reduce Training Center replaced by mechanized tools and erson Promotion Policy, 2071 drudgery equipment Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program Output - 1.1.7 Crop cultivation promoted by their suitability to different ecological belts Activity 1.1.7.1 Identify pocket areas for the Project for Commercial DoA, DADO, WB No. of pocket areas identified for National Seed Policy, specialized crops based on Agriculture and Trade DLS specialized crops 2056 their comparative advantage (PACT) Area covered by one-village- one-product (OVOP) scheme Activity 1.1.7.2 OVOP Focused production and more income Activity 1.1.7.3 One district one product Focused production (ODOP) Activity 1.1.7.4 Geographical indication Income increased Activity 1.1.7.5 Revive cultivation of Food Nutrition and DoA, DADO No. of farmer reviving cultivation of Times. 1125 2918 2025 abandoned traditional / Technology Program previously abandoned nutritional value rich traditional crops 35 indigenous crops in view of their rich nutritious values Activity 1.1.7.6 Promote genetic Seeds promotion and NARC No. of farm households trained for the conservation practices quality control program conservation of genetic materials No. of farm households covered by Gene Bank services No. of farmers engaged in multiplication of genetic materials Output - 1.1.8 Smallholder farmer investment increased Activity 1.1.8.1 Increase access to credit NRB, MOAD, No. of borrowers National Cooperative services Dept. of Average amount per borrower Policy, 2069; Micro Cooperatives Enterprise Development (DoC) Programme Activity 1.1.8.2 Mobilize cooperatives to National Dairy Development MoAD, DoC No. of cooperatives supporting value Times 30 78 2025 support agriculture value Board (Special Milk chain activities with training, finance and chains Production Programme) marketing support Activity 1.1.8.3 Mobilization of local DoC, Savings Communities sensitized about the need of resources and Credit local resource mobilization Groups Accessible resources for food production mapped out. Resources generated and mobilized at the local level. Outcome – 1.2 Affordable nutritious food available for equitable use adequately Output - 1.2.1 Food affordability capacity of the households enhanced with increased income Activity 1.2.1.1 Increase employment Agriculture Information and MoAD, DLS, No. of households engaged agro-forestry Agribusiness Promotion opportunities by diversifying Communication Center DoA, MoFSC, activities Policy, 2006 productive engagements in DoF No. of households engaged in farm the farm, off-farm and non- activities farm sectors No. of households engaged in non-farm enterprises Activity 1.2.1.2 Promote market orientation Agricultural Perspective CSIDB, DoA, No. of farmers trained and engaged in the among the farmers for Plan Monitoring and DCSI, DLS agribusiness value chains (supplying commercialization of Coordination Program inputs for production, processing of agriculture products, transporting products to the market, and trading) No. of new employment opportunities generated for earning income through the value chain process transporting products to the market, and trading) No. of new employment opportunities generated for earning income through the value chain process Agro Business Promotion MoAD No. 50 130 2025 and Market Development Program 36 Activity 1.2.1.3 Minimize price volatility risks DoA Trade efficiency increased with access to integrated market facilities Marketing regulations enforced with regular monitoring of the price structure Quality standard of the products harmonized for the standardization of prices Price related information disseminated across the major market centers using ICT facilities Activity 1.2.1.4 Control artificial supply gap MoCS Punishment against artificial hoardings of products in the market enforced Implementation of supply responsive policies, acts and regulations Activity 1.2.1.5 Implement non-price DOLIDAR, Mt. of storage capacity increased for the measures to create an DoA products to be supplied in the market environment of favourable Km. of agro-roads built and maintained pricing mechanisms Transportation facilities made available in the marketing routes Activity 1.2.1.6 Develop market centres Agro Business Promotion MoAD, No. of market centers closer to the No. 50 130 2025 closer to the production and Market Development production pocket areas pocket areas for ensuring Program closer to the farm gate price Activity 1.2.1.7 Identify higher price causing MoTC Trade barriers related to import of trade barriers and avoid the agricultural products having higher price restrictions as applicable implications identified and removed with the amendment of acts, rules and regulations Activity 1.2.1.8 Ensure equal wage rate for MoWCSW, Percentage of women obtaining equal Labour and Employment women agricultural workers MoAD, wage rate (like men) for similar type of Policy, 2012 National agricultural work done Woman Commission Activity 1.2.1.9 Promote self-employment Agriculture Information and DCSI, MoI No. of households establishing food- focused agro-based group Communication Center based enterprise in groups enterprises Activity 1.2.1.10 Implement 100 -day Agriculture Information and NPC No. of households covered by employment guarantee for Communication Center employment guarantee of 100 days people living in difficult conditions Activity 1.2.1.11 Create new employment MoAD No. of households covered under the opportunities under the food/cash for work programmes public work programs Output - 1.2.2 Availability of food increased with strengthened distribution system Activity 1.2.2.1 Make agro-road connections DoLIDAR Km of agro-roads serving all year round National Agriculture operating all year round transportation needs Policy, 2061 37 Activity 1.2.2.2 Increase budget for MoAD, Amount of budget allocated transportation of food to the MoEST remote food deficit districts Activity 1.2.2.3 Maintain buffer stock as MoAD Mt. of food grains stored in the buffer preparedness for emergency stock warehouse response in the food deficit districts for emergency response Activity 1.2.2.4 Open new food grain outlets NFC No. of cooperative shops established in in the deficit areas the food deficit districts Activity 1.2.2.5 Develop financial institutions for agriculture credit Activity 1.2.2.6 Buffer stock of seed Activity 1.2.2.7 Monitor the extent of MoAD, Civil Civil society organizations engaged in the equitable access of food Society monitoring process locally benefiting the disadvantaged Organizations Periodic monitoring reports produced groups (DAG) indicating benefits accessed by DAG Output - 1.2.3 Consumers increasingly accessing nutritious food of modern and indigenous varieties Activity 1.2.3.1 Increase awareness about Food Nutrition and MoAD, MoHP No. of poor and vulnerable household Times 70 182 2025 Nepal Agriculture and the properties of nutritious Technology Program consumers aware about the properties of Food Security Country food (modern and modern and indigenous varieties of food Investment Plan; indigenous varieties) among items and their equitable rights to have National Nutrition Policy the consumers access to those and Strategy; Multi- sector Nutrition Plan; National Health Policy, 1991 Activity 1.2.3.2 Make animal products Fishery Development DLS Liters of milk produced per capita Mt. 60 156 2025 Nepal Agriculture and available for supplementing Program Kg of meat produced (buff, goat, poultry, Food Security Country food proteins fish ) per capita Investment Plan No of eggs produced per capita Livestock Development MoAD No. 1370 3553 2025 Farms Activity 1.2.3.3 Increase access to safer Food Nutrition and DoA, DDC, No. of Households aware about the need Times 6050 15692 2025 food Technology Program DFTQC for consuming safer quality food Activity 1.2.3.4 Introduce certified labeling Food Nutrition and DFTQC No. of households able to verify labeled system for quality tested Technology Program quality of food safety safer food Activity 1.2.3.5 Strengthen regulatory Food Nutrition and DFTQC DFTQC coverage expanded from 20 to 75 No. 3060 7937 2025 function of food quality Technology Program districts control process Diagnostic services implemented in import, wholesale, and retail marketing Activity 1.2.3.6 Update and enforce laws Food Nutrition and DFTQC, Amendments made to enforce pertinent Times 6050 15692 2025 and regulations related to Technology Program MoAD laws and regulations related to food safety the control of food quality No. of private sector partners mobilized and safety for monitoring of food quality and safety 38 Activity 1.2.3.7 Disseminate knowledge Food Nutrition and DFTQC, No. of private sector dealers trained on Times 6050 15692 2025 about the techniques of Technology Program MoAD food safety technology maintaining food safety Activity 1.2.3.8 Launch food awareness Food Nutrition and DFTQC, No. of campaigns launched for nutritious Types 12 19 2020 campaigns Technology Program MoAD utilization of food No. of households trained on food handling and preservation techniques Activity 1.2.3.9 Develop food quality test Food Nutrition and DFTQC, No. of food test labs established at the Persons 16 26 2020 facilities at decentralized Technology Program MoAD district level level PILLAR – II ZERO STUNTED CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE Outcome - 2.1 Nutrition sensitivity improved Output – 2.1.1 Production and consumption patterns oriented towards nutrition-dense food Activity 2.1.1.1 Train farmers for selective Food Nutrition and MoHP No. of households growing comparative production of nutrition-dense Technology Program nutritious properties based crops suitable food crops to the local growing conditions Activity 2.1.1.2 Raise awareness for Train women on the recipe No. of households aware about the nutrition focused for maintaining nutritious nutrition focused preparation, processing preparation, processing and food menu at the household and preservation of food preservation of food No. of women familiar with the recipe for maintaining nutritious food menu at the household Activity 2.1.1.3 Make household members Food Nutrition and MoAD, MoHP No. of food deficit districts where women Districts 16 32 2020 aware of the importance of Technology Program are made familiar about the importance of food based nutrition food based nutrition and the roles dietary including the dietary diversification and bio-fortification can diversification opportunities play in this regard and bio-fortification Golden 1000 - Day Program potentials Activity 2.1.1.4 Make household members Food Nutrition and MoAD, MoHP No. of districts covered for sensitization of Districts 16 26 2020 National Nutrition Policy nutrition sensitive in Technology Program household members about the nutritious and Strategy selecting the food menu properties of daily consumable basic food items No. of households accessing food from a Househ 1125 2918 2025 mix of cereal crops, tree crops, olds vegetables and livestock products Output – 2.1.2 Household members conscious about maintaining the nutritional standard of their family members Activity 2.1.2.1 Women trained for the MoHP No. of pregnant women aware about the Persons 3000 2025 National Nutrition Policy adoption of preventive factors affecting low-weight births and and Strategy measures against low- taking subsequent preventive measures weight births Activity 2.1.2.2 Make women aware of the No. of women aware about the Persons 3000 2025 interconnectedness of interconnectedness of reproductive health reproductive health (birth (birth spacing, fertility control etc.) and the nutrition risks 39 spacing, fertility control etc.) and the nutrition risks Activity 2.1.1.3 Make pregnant women MoHP No. of pregnant women giving up their Persons 3000 2025 Multi-sector Nutrition aware of the risk of addiction of consuming alcohol and Plan; National Health consuming alcohol and cigarettes Policy, 1991 cigarettes Outcome - 2.2 Enhanced access to nutritious food Output – 2.2.1 Producers engaged in producing nutritious food items and enhancing food affordability Activity 2.2.1.1 Engage smallholder Food Nutrition and DoA, MoAD No. of households engaged in homestead Househ 500 5000 National Nutrition Policy households in homestead Technology Program food production olds and Strategy food production Activity 2.2.1.2 Promote small animal raising Food Nutrition and No. of small animals raising poor Househ 3000 in the poor households Technology Program households olds Activity 2.2.1.3 Promote nutritional school Food Nutrition and DoA, MoAD No. of nutritional school gardens Persons 16 26 2020 garden Technology Program established Food for Education Program MoEdu Activity 2.2.1.4 Promote school feeding MoHP No. of students attending school feeding programmes programmes Activity 2.2.1.5 Provide social protection to MoCPA, No. of ultra poor households benefiting Nepal Agriculture and the ultra-poor/vulnerable MoAD, from food assistance activities Food Security Country groups with food assistance DoA, DDC, Total quantity of food distributed Investment Plan (through the activities such VDC, NFC Per-capita food received by the deficit as Food Stamp and food-for- households during the emergencies work opportunities) in the food deficit areas Activity 2.2.1.6 Train teachers, cooks, Food Nutrition and DoA, DDC, No. of teachers, cook and students Persons 16 26 2020 housewives and students on Technology Program VDC familiar about the the preparation of balanced preparation of balanced nutrition diet. nutrition diets Food for Education Program WFP Activity 2.1.2.7 Raise awareness against the Food Nutrition and MoAD, DoA, No. of household members giving up food Persons 16 26 2020 food taboos Technology Program DDC, VDC taboos Multi-sectoral Nutrition MoAD Program Output – 2.2.2 Emergency food reserves maintained at the household and public distribution service levels Activity 2.2.2.1 Make nutrition reserve MoAD, NFC Quantity of food reserve maintained for mandatory for the public public distribution in the food deficit and distribution institutions humanitarian crisis areas targeting the food deficit and humanitarian crisis areas Activity 2.2.2.2 Run advocacy programmes MoAD No. of households stocking food reserve to insist households for for the emergency situations at the maintaining food reserve to household level overcome possible seasonal 40 shortages at the household level Activity 2.2.2.3 Mobilize community DoA, DDC, No. of households covered under the members for establishing VDC functional grain banks and operating grain bank services to meet their seasonal food shortages Output - 2.2.3 Consumers capable of recognizing and eating safer and nutritious food Activity 2.2.3.1 Train consumers to check if Agriculture and Food MoAD WB No. sale of food after their expiry date Districts 19 25 2018 National Health Policy, the food stock in the market Security Project 1991; Multi-sector is date expired Nutrition Plan Activity 2.2.3.2 Establish Consumer DFTQC Information available about the type of Complaints Centers to discrepancies taking place obtain report on food adulteration and take necessary action to the culprit Activity 2.2.3.3 Enforce laws against the DFTQC, MoLJ Sale of adulterated food controlled in the cases of food adulterations market identified Outcome – 2.3 Reduced malnutrition cases Output - 2.3.1 Nutritious food ensured for 1000-day windows (i.e. from pregnancy to a child’s second birthday) Activity 2.3.1.1 Regularize growth No. of household members trained on monitoring growth monitoring Activity 2.3.1.2 Make mothers aware about No. of mothers a familiar about the infant the infant and young child and young child feeding practices feeding practices Activity 2.3.1.3 Make household members alert about the need of examining child and No. of households attending examination maternal nutrition status of child and maternal nutrition status Activity 2.3.1.4 Provide micro-nutrient Quantity of micro-nutrient supplements supplement for women and distributed for women and children to children who are prone to prevent them from the malnutrition risk malnutrition risk Activity 2.3.1.5 Provide training on food No. of health staff trained on food fortification to health staff fortification No. of and target group women target group women trained on food fortification Activity 2.3.1.6 Control infection risks MoHP No. of patients visiting clinics for the National Health Policy, control of infections No. of 1991 households made aware about the need of consuming safe water and maintaining cleanliness in their household surroundings to remain safe from possible infections 41 Activity 2.3.1.7 Distribute micronutrient MoHP, DDC, Proportion of 6 – 23 month-old children National Nutrition Policy powder (MNP) for the VDC having access to MNP for consumption and Strategy; Multi- children aged 6 - 23 months sector Nutrition Plan; National Health Policy, 1991 Activity 2.3.1.8 Distribute micro-nutrients MoHP No. of adolescent girls, pregnant women supplements (e.g. IFA and lactating mothers accessing supplement for adolescent distributed IFA supplement girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers) Activity 2.3.1.9 Regulate salt iodization MoHP No. of household members having National Nutrition Policy standardized doses of iodized salt and Strategy; Multi- sector Nutrition Plan; National Health Policy, 1991 Activity 2.3.1.10 Train women to control low No. of women trained on the measures to birth weights be taken against low birth weights Output - 2.3.2 Behavioural changes adopted for maintaining adequate nutritional standards Activity 2.3.2.1 Promote formal and Food Nutrition and MoAD, MoHP No. of households attending educational Persons 16 26 2020 National Nutrition Policy informal educational Technology Program services (e.g. SHN, ECD, parental and Strategy services (e.g. SHN, ECD, counseling etc.) and practicing the parental counseling etc.) to learnings to keep their nutritional keep the nutritional behaviour intact behaviour intact Food for Education Program MoEdu WFP No. of districts covered by Food for Districts 16 26 2020 Education programme Activity 2.3.2.2 Promote breastfeeding MoHP Proportion of children below 6 months National Nutrition Policy practices being breastfed Flexible working hour and Strategy; Multi- facility for lactating mothers Maternity sector Nutrition Plan; leave provided for employed mothers National Health Policy, Activity 2.3.2.3 Implement awareness MoAD. MoHP No. of pregnant and lactating mothers 1991 raising programmes for following improved improving nutrient intake nutrition intake practices practices Activity 2.3.2.4 Distribute food-based dietary MoAD, MoHP Proportion of households following dietary guidelines for all age-groups guidelines at the intra-household level for all age groups Activity 2.3.2.5 Raise awareness about the Food Nutrition and MoAD, MoHP No. of districts covered in familiarizing Districts 16 26 2020 role of food-based nutrition Technology Program mothers about the role of food based in reducing child stunting nutrition in reducing child stunting cases cases Activity 2.3.2.6 Provide counseling service Food Nutrition and MoHP GAVI, USAID, No. of mother groups covered by the Groups 1852 2020 2025 for improved maternal and Technology Program UNICEF, counseling services child nutrition Integrated Child Health and WHO, SC, Nutrition Program SAARC Fund, WFP, Plan Int'l, Care Nepal, One 42 Heart Born Wide Output - 2.3.3 Servicing capacity of health staff and community members strengthened for detecting and treating malnutrition cases Activity 2.3.3.1 Make institutional health Integrated Child Health and MoHP GAVI, USAID, No. of women, children and young girls National Nutrition Policy service accessible at various Nutrition Program UNICEF, obtaining institutional health service at and Strategy locations WHO, SC, different locations SAARC Fund, No. of stunting children immunized WFP, Plan Int'l, Care Nepal, One Heart Born Wide Activity 2.3.3.2 Train health staff / MoHP No. of health staff trained on counseling National Nutrition Policy community members (e.g. for complementary feeding practices and Strategy; Multi- Mother's Group) about No. of community members trained on sector Nutrition Plan complementary feeding counseling for complementary feeding practices practices Activity 2.3.3.3 Raise awareness among the MoHP No. of health and community-support National Health Policy, service providers about the counselors made aware about IYCF 1991 Infant Young Child Feeding practices (IYFC) practices No. of mothers' made aware about IYCF practices Activity 2.3.3.4 Establish rehabilitation No. of rehabilitation centers established centers closer to the closer to the malnutrition affected pocket malnutrition affected pocket areas areas Activity 2.3.3.5 Promote application of MoHP Proportion of households caregivers, and growth curves for early community members familiar with the use detection of malnutrition of growth curves to detect malnutrition Activity 2.3.3.6 Implement acute malnutrition MoHP, VDC No. of communities engaged in the management practices at management of acute malnutrition locally the community level Activity 2.3.3.7 Promote safe motherhood MoHP No. of awareness campaigns launched of practices safe motherhood practices No. of women covered with maternity services by the health centres, clinics and hospitals Activity 2.3.3.8 Provide Ante Natal Care MoHP No. of women covered by ANC services (ANC) services Activity 2.3.3.9 Coordinated implementation Practice of sharing information between of institutional support the organizations working in the same programmes for food and subject area at the same location nutrition security Joint plans developed to create synergy in the implemented activities at the district level 43 Activity 2.3.3.10 Develop sustainable MoHP GAVI, USAID, Fund raising activities promoted financing mechanism UNICEF, WHO, SC, SAARC Fund, WFP, Plan Int'l, Care Nepal, One Heart Born Wide PILLAR – III ALL FOOD SYSTEMS ARE SUSTAINABLE Outcome - 3.1 Sustainable management of productive natural resources in food production Output - 3.1.1 Watershed safeguarded against deterioration Activity 3.1.1.1 Assess the nature and Churia Watershed MoEST, IUCN, No. of studies conducted on different No. National Land Utilization status of the watershed at Management Project MoFSC UNEP,ADB ecological belts in an interval of three Policy, 2069 different time intervals (every Irrigation and Water years National Water Plan; three years) Resources Management Water Resources Project Strategy Soil and Activity 3.1.1.2 Make land use and water MoFSC No. of farmers trained and applying No. of Watershed management practices conservation-friendly land use and water persons Conservation Act, 1982; conservation-sensitive management practices Land Act, 1964;; Activity 3.1.1.3 Identify and apply measures MoEST, No. of Environmental against deteriorating MoFSC activities Protection Act, 1996; conditions of the watersheds Forest Act, 1993; Water Resource Act, 1992; Local No. of problem areas identified and the Self-Governance Act, subsequent control measures applied 1999. Output - 3.1.2 Sustainable management of farm water and soil for cultivation Activity 3.1.2.1 Promote sustainable Soil Test and Improvement MoIrr. No. of farmers trained in sustainable Times 264 425 2020 National Water Plan; management of soil and Service Program management of soil and farm water Water Resources farm water resources Strategy Activity 3.1.2.2 Control unsustainable use of Soil Test and Improvement MoEST, Enforce policies, laws and regulations to No. 140 363 2025 National Land Utilization land and other ecosystem Service Program MoAD penalize wrong doers Communities aware Policy, 2069 resources and able to apply sanctions against the violators locally Activity 3.1.2.3 Promote adoption of Soil Test and Improvement MoAD No. of farmers applying degradation safe No. 40 64 2020 Climate Change technologies contributing to Service Program technologies in Adaptation and Disaster sustain agriculture cultivating their agricultural land Risk Management in Agriculture Activity 3.1.2.4 Promote adoption of organic Tea, Coffee and Cardamom MoAD, DoA Ha. of cultivated area covered by organic Times 52 69 2018 National Agriculture farming practices to reduce Development Board farming practices Quantity of chemical Policy, 2004 dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides reduced due to fertilizers and pesticides the replacement made by organic manures and IPM technologies each year Activity 3.1.2.5 Restrict investments that MoLJ, MoAD, Laws, regulations and policies applied to Environment Protection damage sustainability of DDC, VDC discourage Act and Rules, 1997 natural resources. 44 investments that negatively affect sustainability of the natural resources Activity 3.1.2.6 Train farmers about the MoEST, No. of farmers trained Environment Protection methods of environmental MoAD Act and Rules, 1997 care Activity 3.1.2.7 Promote biodiversity MoFSC, No. of farmers familiar about the need and Nepal Biodiversity conservation practices MoAD, methods of Strategy biodiversity conservation Activity 3.1.2.8 Promote conservation Hectare of farmland under conservation agriculture agriculture Proportion of farmers engaged in conservation agriculture Activity 3.1.2.9 Provide incentive to the MoFSC, No. of communities rewarded for Environment Protection communities promoting MoAD sustainable use of resources. Act and Rules, 1997 sustainable use of resources. Activity 3.1.2.10 Ensure utilization of land MoLRM, Agro-ecological zoning criteria introduced Environment Protection based on the agro-ecological MoAD by the government Land management Act and Rules, 1997 zoning criteria plans complying with the criteria set for agro-ecological zoning Activity 3.1.2.11 Maintain land, water and MoLRM, Activities planned and implemented Environment Protection energy nexus intact in the MoWR, creating synergy among the use of related Act and Rules, 1997 interventions for MoEnergy resources nexus development Activity 3.1.2.12 Apply renewability as a MoAD, Rules for the renewability of resources Environment Protection criterion in the conservation MoFSC made mandatory in the management of Act and Rules, 1997; and utilization of land, water resources Nepal Biodiversity and bio-diversity resources Strategy Activity 3.1.2.13 Control invasion and MoAD Measures applied against invasion and colonization of alien species colonization of the alien species Activity 3.1.2.14 Strengthen Gene Bank for MoAD, Effective functioning of Gene Bank under Environment Protection protection of native species MoEnv, NARC Act and Rules, 1997 MoFSC, MoFALD Activity 3.1.2.15 Apply traditional knowledge MoAD, No. of households applying traditional for sustainable use of natural MoEnv, ways of using natural resources without resources. MoFSC negative effects on their sustainability Activity 3.1.2.16 Conduct agro-forestry MoAD, No. of joint activities launched on agro- activities in collaboration MoFSC forestry with the Forest and Soil Conservation Ministry Activity 3.1.2.16 Conduct sustainable agro- MoAD, No. of joint activities launched on agro- eco system management MoEnv, MoPn eco system management activities in collaboration with the Population and Environment Ministry 45 Output - 3.1.3 Management capacity of the farmers developed to cope with adverse effects of CCND Activity 3.1.3.1 Train farmers to cope with Pilot Program for Climate MoEnv, WB Preparedness of farmers enhanced Strategic Programme for the adverse effects of Resilience (PPCR) : MoFSC, against the adverse effects of natural Climate Resilience natural disasters and climate Building Resilience to MoAD disasters and climate change change Climate Related Hazards (agriculture management information system) Activity 3.1.3.2 Strengthen the role of Pilot Program for Climate Department of WB Early warning messages circulated National Information and Resilience (PPCR) : Hydrology and among the farmers aware and Early Warning System Building Resilience to Meteorology, able to prepare themselves against the (NIEWS) in informing Climate Related Hazards DoA, DLS, adverse effects of natural disasters and possible adverse effects of (agriculture management MoAD, climate change CCND. information system) MoEnv, MoFSC Activity 3.1.3.3 Conduct research on climate MoAD, Research Centres and Universities resilient agriculture Agriculture engaged in conducting research on development practices Research climate resilient agricultural practices Centres, Climate Smart Crop cultivation potentials Universities identified for the risk prone locations Activity 3.1.3.4 Promote stress tolerant MoAD Cultivation representing stress tolerant National Agriculture cropping patterns and varieties and practices Policy, 2004 practices Activity 3.1.3.5 Implement bio-engineering MoAD, Communities applying environment- National Strategy for measures for reduction of MoEnv, friendly technologies (such as plantation Disaster Risk the adverse effects of MoFSC of trees to prevent soil erosion and flood) Management in Nepal natural disasters Activity 3.1.3.6 Use Local Adaptation DoA, MoEnv, Communities benefiting from the Climate Change Programme of Action MoFSC application of LAPA provisions Adaptation and Disaster (LAPA) as district plan Risk Management in coordination guide Agriculture Activity 3.1.3.7 Include Disaster Risk Pilot Program for Climate MoAD, WB District Agriculture and Rural Management (DRM) as one Resilience (PPCR) : MoEnv, Development Plans addressing the DRM of the components in the Building Resilience to MoFSC issues agricultural and rural Climate Related Hazards development plans at the (agriculture management district level information system) Activity 3.1.3.8 Replicate best practices MoAD, No. of activities replicated as best learned from the piloted MoEnv, practices elsewhere experience of risk-prone MoFSC areas Activity 3.1.3.9 Prevent seasonal food NFC, MoAD, Emergency food reserves established at National Agriculture supply shortages by MoCS the district level Policy, 2004 decentralizing reserve at the district 46 Output – 3.1.4 Improved land administration system Activity 3.1.4.1 Train service providers to MoLRM No. of staff trained National Land Utilization acquire skills in land survey Policy, 2069 and land use mapping Activity 3.1.4.2 Apply “one landowner one MoLRM “One landowner one certificate” system certificate” system brought into practice Activity 3.1.4.3 Distribute land title certificate MoLRM No. of landowners and tenants holding to the landowner and tenant certificates for the land being cultivated Activity 3.1.4.4 Agro-ecological zoning MoLRM National Land Use Policy enforced for criteria applied for agro-ecological zoning Land sustainable use of land cultivated with long-term investment perspectives Activity 3.1.4.5 Utilize Land Information MoAD, Land use plans implemented with up to Service (LIS) facility for MoFSC, date information developing and monitoring CBS recorded under the LIS the land use plans Activity 3.1.4.6 Discourage conversion of MoEST, Laws and regulations enforced to apply agricultural land for the MoFSC. penalty against the conversion of purpose of non-agricultural MoAD, MoLJ agricultural land for the use of other non- use or enforce land use agricultural purposes system as per Land Use Policy 2010 of Nepal Outcome 3.2 Food quality and safety standards applied in food value chain at all levels Output - 3.2.1 Food transactions founded in line with the national quality and safety standards Activity 3.2.1.1 Define quality and safety Food Nutrition and DFTQC, ISO 2000 and Codex Alimentarius Times 70 182 2025 Agribusiness Promotion standards for major Technology Program MoAD standards applied; Policies Policy, 2006 consumable food items and regulations set for compliance to the ISO 2000 and Codex Alimentarius standards. Activity 3.2.1.2 Disseminate information Food Nutrition and DFTQC, No. of producer farmers, processors, No. 700 1816 2025 among the stakeholders Technology Program MoAD traders and consumers aware about the about the food quality and quality and safety standard envisaged for safety standards to be met the food products No. of consumers able to recognize quality safe products Activity 3.2.1.3 Establish institutional Food Nutrition and DFTQC, Regulatory function of the DFTQC Times 6050 15692 2025 mechanisms for the Technology Program MoAD materialized to verify nutritional verification of quality and properties, chemical contents, and safety standards possible health risk from the product along the value chains Activity 3.2.1.4 Test all types of food quality Food Nutrition and DFTQC Food samples tested at the national No. 200 519 2025 (including testing of aflatoxin Technology Program laboratory for quality certification and other mycotoxin) in the national laboratory 47 Activity 3.2.1.5 Decentralize abattoir and DFTQC, Abattoir established at the district level national quarantine facilities MoAD and quarantine facilities in all the border posts Activity 3.2.1.6 Decentralize sanitary and DLSO, MoAD Sanitary and phytosanitary certification National Health Policy, phytosanitary certification facilities established at the district level 1991 facilities Activity 3.2.1.7 Follow standards, guidelines Crop Protection Program MoAD, DLSO, Norway, No. of standards, guidelines and Times 1 3 2025 and recommendations of DADO SAARC Fund recommendations of OIE and IPPC International Animal Health followed Organization (OIE), Livestock Health Services MoAD No. 750 1954 2025 International Plant Protection Program Convention (IPPC) guidelines and Codex Alimentarius (Codex) Activity 3.2.1.8 Ensure coordination among MoAD, Coordination ensured through meetings, the planned and MoFSC, dialogues and joint planning efforts implemented activities of MoEST different organizations Activity 3.2.1.9 Enact and implement National Biosecurity Policy enacted and National Biosecurity Policy implemented Activity 3.2.1.10 Establish community-based MoAD, NFC No. of food handling enterprises food handling systems established at the local community level Activity 3.2.1.11 Promote contribution of MoAD, NFC local/traditional food in the Quantity of traditional/indigenous food food menu with subsidized items supplied in the food deficit areas at selling rates a subsidized price Output - 3.2.2 Market access for the value chain processes ensured Activity 3.2.2.1 Standardize grading of Agricultural Perspective DFTQC, Supply of quality graded materials to the Agricultural Perspective agricultural products for Plan Monitoring and MoAD market Plan marketing Coordination Program Livestock Service Extension MoAD Program Activity 3.2.2.2 Promote access to market Agricultural Perspective MoAD Percentage of farmers linked with the for all agribusiness value Plan Monitoring and stable markets chains Coordination Program Activity 3.2.2.3 Establish market centers for Agro Business Promotion MoAD, MoCS Value chain actors making selective No. 50 130 2025 Agribusiness Promotion stable price structure and Market Development procurements and sales at different Policy, 2006 facilitated by balanced Program market locations demand and supply of agricultural products Activity 3.2.2.4 Control market price Agro Business Promotion MoAD Policies, acts, rules and regulations Times 5 13 2025 distortions and Market Development applied against artificial pricing Program Policies, acts, rules and regulations applied against hoarding of products for the price speculation purpose 48 Activity 3.2.2.5 Promote exchange of market Agro Business Promotion MoAD, DOA, No. of smallholder producers, processors No. 50 130 2025 price information and Market Development DLS, DADO, and traders accessing market price Program DLSO information with the application of ICT facilities Activity 3.2.2.6 Strengthen information Livestock Market Promotion MoAD Updated price information contained in Times 4 6 2019 Agriculture collection, analysis and Program the agricultural statistics Development Strategy, reporting of capacity for 2014 agricultural price statistics Activity 3.2.2.7 Control unauthorized MoF, MoAD, Implement laws against unauthorized collection of taxes in the MoLJ collection of taxes movement of agricultural products between the villages and districts Activity 3.2.2.8 Develop marketing Agro Business Promotion DoA, DLS, Kilometers of rural roads built No. 50 130 2025 Agribusiness Promotion infrastructures and Market Development Local No. of marketing sheds constructed Policy, 2006, Agriculture Program Government No. of cooperatives engaged in Development Strategy, Bodies agricultural marketing activities 2015; Industrial Policy, (DDC/Municip No. of enterprises operating with the 2067 ality/VDC), access to sources of power for the use of MoF, mechanized tools NARC Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program Department of Local MoAD Infrastructure Development and Agriculture Road Activity 3.2.2.9 Consolidate scattered MoAD Interrelated marketing related legislations marketing related legal consolidated into one document provisions applicable to agricultural products into one act for focused application Activity 3.2.2.10 Monitor drug residues in the Tea, Coffee and Cardamom MoAD, MoCS Certified supply of drug residue-free milk, Time. 1 1 2018 National Tea Policy, agricultural commodities Development Board meat, honey, tea and coffee products in 2057; National Coffee (e.g. milk, meat, honey, tea the market Policy, 2060; National and coffee) to be marketed Agriculture Policy, 2004 Activity 3.2.2.11 Control the quality of Nepal Trade Integration MoAD, MoCS Accreditation system and mutual Piece 7000 18156 2025 Trade Policy, 2009; materials across the border Strategy (NTIS) 2010 recognitions arranged for across the National Trade trade transactions (import border trade Integration Strategy, and export) 2010 Activity 3.2.2.12 Diversify the mode of MoAD, Dept. Kms of rope way service built in the Industrial Policy, 2067 transport for marketing of the of high/mid hill areas Kms. of agricultural products Roads, waterways built in the big rivers MoWR, MoPIT 49 Activity 3.2.2.13 Mobilize community in Local No. of communities engaged in the maintaining the transport Communities, construction and maintenance of local infrastructures developed DDC, VDC roads, trails and bridges Activity 3.2.2.14 Encourage adoption of Agro Business Promotion AEPC, No. of processors applying power based Times 3 8 Agro Business power-based technologies in and Market Development Department of technologies for the value chains Promotion Policy, 2006 the processing of agricultural Program Mechanization products , DCSI, 2025 Activity 3.2.2.15 Promote the use of alternate MoAD, No. of agro-processing industries making Industrial Policy, 2067 sources of energy in the Ministry of productive end use of micro-hydropower value chain operations Science and No. of agro-processing industries making Technology, use of solar and diesel energy sources MOI, No. of agro-processing industries making MoEnergy, use of bio-energy sources DCSI, CSIDB No. of processing enterprises linked with national grid transmission lines Activity 3.2.2.16 Utilize productive end use AEPC No. of micro-hydropower plants utilizing at provision laid in the micro- least 10% power for the productive end hydropower policy use Activity 3.2.2.17 Increase access to biogas Food Crisis Response MoEnergy, WB No. of value chain units utilizing biogas No. 666 1073 and solar energy services for Program AEPC, MoAD No. of value chain units utilizing solar 2020 the value chains power Activity 3.2.2.18 Increase access of MoAD No. of accessible market center options consumers to competitive available for the consumers food markets PILLAR – IV 100 % INCREASE IN SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME Outcome – 4.1 Productivity of crops and livestock doubled and marketed by the small farms Output - 4.1.1 Increased agribusiness opportunities for the crops produced Activity 4.1.1.1 Baseline survey of Benchmark of productivity (including smallholders on their cultivation practices) and income of productivity and income. smallholders established. Activity 4.1.1.2 Enhance production and Increased production and productivity of productivity of local/indigenous crops. local/indigenous crops for attaining food security at local level. Activity 4.1.1.3 Zero taxes and duties on Government declaration for zero taxes on agriculture machineries and agriculture machineries and tools till 2025. tools. Activity 4.1.1.4 Increase access to primary Use of primary inputs increased. inputs such as seed, fertilizer, irrigation and agro- chemicals Activity 4.1.1.5 Develop collection and No. of market facilities increased. market centres 50 Activity 4.1.1.6 Cultivate comparatively Raising Income of Small MoAD, DoA ADB Crop varieties grown as per the Times 5 6 2017 Agribusiness Promotion advantageous high yielding and Medium Farmers recommendations made by the research Policy, 2006; National crops Project stations Agriculture Policy, 2061 High Value Agriculture MoAD IFAD Times 10 10 2015 Project in Hill and Mountain Areas (HVAP) Activity 4.1.1.7 Diversify cropping pattern in Crop Development Program MoAD, DoA Norway, Cropping pattern adjusted in view of the view of market demand of SAARC Fund market demand the crops Activity 4.1.1.8 Reduce output marketing Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD, DoA Japan Income differentials generated by the high No 10 26 2025 cost involved for Irrigation, Fertilizer and value crop as compared to the traditional transportation by cultivating Seeds Transportation crops high value and/or low Program Crops grown in view of the potentials for volume crops in the hills fetching favourable price of the product Food Crisis Response WB No. 666 1073 2020 Program Activity 4.1.1.9 Encourage smallholder National Dairy Development MoAD, DoA No. of smallholder production groups Times 50 81 2020 farmers to increase their Board (Special Milk formed and operated economies of scale through Production Programme) No. of smallholder cooperatives collective farming practices established and operated Raising Income of Small MoAD ADB Times 5 6 2017 and Medium Farmers Project Sericulture Development MoAD Mt. 45 117 2025 Program Industrial Entomology MoAD Times 4 10 2025 Activity Organize smallholders into Agricultural Perspective MoAD, DoA No. of smallholder farmers organized into 4.1.1.10 groups/cooperatives to link Plan Monitoring and the collective marketing them in the value chain Coordination Program groups/cooperatives Activity Apply smallholder farmers Agriculture Extension MoAD, DoA FFS approach followed for agriculture No. 500 500 2017 4.1.1.11 focused extension services Program extension Livestock Service Extension MLPD Times 1085 1444 2018 Program Activity Strengthen farm MoAD, DoA No. of producer smallholder farmers 4.1.1.12 management capacity trained on technical and managerial aspects of farm management Activity Provide inputs subsidy to the Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD, MoF Japan Policies for subsidizing inputs for No. 641 1663 2025 4.1.1.13 smallholder farmers Irrigation, Fertilizer and smallholder farmers in place Seeds Transportation Program Activity Promote contract farming MoLRM, No. of smallholder farmers with 4.1.1.14 practices MoAD, guaranteed buying facilities of products DDC, VDC Activity Disseminate agriculture Agriculture Information and MoAD, DoA Media introducing new developments in 4.1.1.15 innovations through the Communication Center agricultural seed, technology, breed and media platforms (radio, methods of production newspapers, TV etc.). 51 Activity Promote the application of Agriculture Information and MoAD, DoA ICT used as a medium to disseminate 4.1.1.11 Information and Communication Center agricultural extension messages for Communication Technology building knowledge at the local levels (ICT) in extending extension (DDC and VDC) service messages Activity Apply labour-saving tools Cooperative Farming, Small MoAD Japan No. of farmers replacing manual work with No. 10 26 2025 4.1.1.17 and machinery to reduce Irrigation, Fertilizer and mechanized labour saving equipment and drudgery Seeds Transportation tools Program Output - 4.1.2 Increased agribusiness opportunities for the livestock products Activity 4.1.2.1 Baseline survey of Benchmark of productivity (including smallholders on their husbandry practices) and income of livestock productivity and smallholders established. income Activity 4.1.2.2 Establish resource centre for No. of resource centre for breed breed improvement improvement established. Activity 4.1.2.3 Zero taxes and duties on Government declaration for zero taxes on machineries and tools. machineries and tools till 2025. Activity 4.1.2.4 Develop market centres No. of market facilities increased. Activity 4.1.2.5 Increase raising of small Agro Business Promotion MoAD, DLS No. of small livestock raised at the Dairy Development livestock (such as goat, pigs and Market Development individual household level Policy, 2064; Rangeland and poultry) at the Program Policy, 2068; Rangeland household level Livestock Development MLPD District 7 18 2025 Policy, 2068 Service Program (Cow, Buffalo, Goat and other) Livestock Service Training MLPD Centre Activity 4.1.2.6 Increase raising of large Livestock Development MPLD, DLS No. of large animals raised at the private District 5 13 2025 animals (such as cow, Service Program (Cow, farm level group level buffalo) as private firm Buffalo, Goat and other) Livestock Market Promotion MPLD District 6 16 2025 Program Activity 4.1.2.7 Make supply of animal feed MPLD, DLS, No. of smallholder farmers able to access accessible Private Sector animal feed Feed Suppliers Activity 4.1.2.8 Increase production of MPLD, DLS No. of fodder trees newly planted in the fodder in both private and private land collectively public land collectively and No. of fodder trees newly planted in the promote stall feeding public land collectively Activity 4.1.2.9 Promote scientific Livestock Service Extension MPLD, DLS Ha. of pasture areas used for grazing in management and use of Program the public land public pasture lands Ha. of newly developed pasture area 52 Activity Provide access to animal Livestock Health Services MPLD, DLS No. of smallholder farmers accessing Dose 25250 65492 2025 National Agriculture 4.1.2.10 health services (both Program animal health services offered by: 000 Policy, 2004 preventive and curative) - Livestock Service Centers, - Veterinary Hospitals, and - Local Para-vets No. of animals safe from foot and mouth disease, swine fever, and Avian Influenza No. of animals served by Al service Activity Provide subsidized paravet Livestock Health Services MPLD, Private No. of smallholder farmers accessing 4.1.2.11 services Program Sector subsidized paravet service for their Paravets animals No. of smallholder farmers raised animals treated per year Activity Increase fish farming Fishery Development MoAD, Dir. of No. of smallholder farmers engaged in No. 000 157400 408255 2025 4.1.2.12 Program Fisheries fisheries Project for Commercial WB Agriculture and Trade (PACT) Activity Organize smallholders into Fishery Development VDC, No. of smallholder farmers selling their No. 000 7975 20685 2025 4.1.2.13 groups/cooperatives to link Program Marketing products through groups/cooperatives them in the value chain Group of Farmers Agro Business Promotion MoAD No. 50 130 2025 and Market Development Program Project for Commercial MoAD WB Agriculture and Trade (PACT) Rani Jamara Kulariya MoAD WB No. 3 4 2018 Irrigation Project (system modernization, agriculture program) Outcome - 4.2 Volume of agricultural investment increased benefiting smallholder farmers Output – 4.2.1 Financial resources for investment accessible from multiple-sources Activity 4.2.1.1 Increase government MoAD, MoF Government budget targeting smallholder National Agriculture allocations targeting farmers annually Policy, 2004 smallholder farmers Activity 4.2.1.2 Enhance the capacity of smallholders to receive goods and services from service delivery agencies 53 Activity 4.2.1.3 Initiate wholesale lending ADB/N, Amount allocated for revolving credit fund through banks and retail Commercial through RMDC landing through microfinance Banks, institutions RMDC, NRB, MFIs, Activity 4.2.1.4 Make priority sector lending ADB/N, No. of smallholder farmers served by the mandatory for reaching Commercial financial institutions; smallholder farmers Banks, Amount of institutional credit offered as Cooperatives loan to the smallholder farmers MFIs, NRB Activity 4.2.1.5 Reduce interest rate of ADB/N, Commercial bank policies providing agricultural loans to Commercial favourable treatment for the agricultural smallholders Banks, sector loans targeted for the smallholder Cooperatives producers MFIs, NRB Activity 4.2.1.6 Increase access of ADB/N, No. of smallholder farmers accessing smallholder farmers to the Commercial concessional loan at 6% interest concessional loans Banks, Amount spent on concessional loans Cooperatives focused on smallholder farmers MFIs, NRB Activity 4.2.1.7 Simplify lending procedures ADB/N, No. of smallholder farmers able to take Commercial loan project as collateral against the Banks, group guarantee Cooperatives MFIs, NRB Activity 4.2.1.8 Provide incentive to the MoAD, No. of smallholder farmers applying farmers for investing and re- ADB/N, earnings and loans for expansion of the investing decisions for the Commercial agriculture business intensification of agricultural Banks, activities Cooperatives MFIs, NRB Activity 4.2.1.9 Increase investment in Agro Business Promotion Farmers, Annual allocation of government budget No. 10 26 2025 National Agriculture production, transport and and Market Development MoAD, for road transport, construction of pack- Policy, 2061; Industrial storage infrastructures Program ADB/N, houses, and the cool and dry storage Policy, 2067 Commercial facilities Banks, Increased access of small scale food Cooperatives, producers to basic storage and food MFIs preservation infrastructure Nepal Trade Integration MoAD No. 4 10 2025 Strategy (NTIS) 2010 Activity Increase investment for Farmers, No. of farmers attending home industry Micro Enterprise 4.2.1.10 home industry development MoAD, training Development DCSI No. of smallholder farmers operating Programme home industries Activity Promote group savings and Cooperatives, No. of smallholder farmers accessing National Cooperative 4.2.1.11 credit services Savings and credit through savings and credit groups Policy, 2069 Credit Groups 54 Activity Enhance the role of MoAD, Japan No. of smallholder farmers obtaining National Cooperative 4.2.1.12 cooperative for credit and Cooperatives credit and marketing services from the Policy, 2069 marketing services cooperatives Output - 4.2.2 Reduced risks on smallholder farmers in performing agricultural production, processing and marketing activities Activity 4.2.2.1 Prevent farmers against the MoAD, No. of farm households insured against Crop and Livestock risk of crop and livestock Insurance the risk of crop-livestock enterprise failure Insurance production and enterprise Company No. of smallholders insured against the failure climate change and natural disaster risks Activity 4.2.2.2 Prevent farmers from price MoAD, Market Nearby market facilities offering inputs in Crop and Livestock volatility effects Centers a favourable for the farmers Insurance Local storage facilities developed for better price speculation of outputs Activity 4.2.2.3 Monitor effectiveness of the MoAD Corrective measures taken in view of the Crop and Livestock risk averseness services findings Insurance delivered to the smallholder farmers Activity 4.2.2.4 Reduce transaction costs of MoAD Service fees waived for the smallholder borrowing farmers Activity 4.2.2.5 Relax micro-credit conditions MoAD, No. of smallholders accessing loan with for collateral requirements of ADB/N, group guarantee as substitute to collateral physical property against the Commercial loan taken Banks, Cooperatives MFIs, NRB Activity 4.2.2.6 Tailor financial products to Financial No. of smallholder borrowers increased in the need of smallholder Institution accessing credit farmers Activity 4.2.2.7 Prepare livelihoods Pilot Program for Climate MoAD, WB Mitigating and adapting rules and Climate Change protection legislation Resilience (PPCR) : MoSTE regulations for the protection of Adaptation and Disaster targeting smallholder Building Resilience to smallholder farmers against the adverse Risk Management in farmers against the risk of Climate Related Hazards effects of CCND in place Agriculture; National adverse effects of CCND (agriculture management Strategy for Disaster information system) Risk Management in Activity 4.2.2.8 Develop preparedness Pilot Program for Climate WB No. of smallholder farmers trained for Nepal; Climate Change among smallholder farmers Resilience (PPCR) : coping with the effects of CCND Policy, 2067 for the adaptation and Building Resilience to mitigation of adverse effects Climate Related Hazards of CCND (agriculture management information system) Activity 4.2.2.9 Promote stress tolerant crop Pilot Program for Climate WB No. of research activities conducted to varieties and breed to Resilience (PPCR) : promote and develop stress tolerant crop mitigate the adverse effect of Building Resilience to varieties and breed climate change to Climate Related Hazards smallholder farmers (agriculture management information system) 55 Outcome – 4.3 Employment opportunities diversified for income raising Output – 4.3.1 Increased engagement of smallholder farmers in the farm, off-farm and non-farm activities Activity 4.3.1.1 Make agricultural ADB/N and No. of smallholder farmers attracted to Labour and Employment engagement of smallholder other Banks, work on agriculture due to subsidized Policy, 2012 farmers lucrative Cooperatives, inputs, transport subsidy, equipment MoAD; support and buy back guarantee of output at a pre-set Minimum Support Price Activity 4.3.1.2 Encourage agro-processor Agro Business Promotion AEPC, DCSI, No. of agro-processors switching from the Times 3 8 2025 Agro Business to enhance efficiency of their and Market Development CTEVT, application manual operation of Promotion Policy, 2006 production process with the Program MoAD processing work to the mechanized application alternate energy methods sources Project for Commercial MoAD WB Agriculture and Trade (PACT) Nepal Trade Integration MoAD No. 11 29 2025 Strategy (NTIS) 2010 Activity 4.3.1.3 Agricultural workers having DCSI, CTEVT, No. of new employment opportunities opportunities for year-round MoAD generated in the farm, off-farm and non- work in the farm, off-farm farm sectors and non-farm sectors Activity 4.3.1.4 Engage women in the National Dairy Development MoAD, No. of women involved in the IGAs (at the Times 2 3 2020 income generating activities Board (Special Milk CTEVT, farm, off-farm and non-farm levels) (IGAs) Production Programme) DCSI Sericulture Development √ Mt. 45 117 2025 Program Industrial Entomology MoAD Times 4 6 2019 Activity 4.3.1.5 Increase local level Agriculture Information and MoAD, No. of employment opportunities National Youth Policy; employment opportunities Communication Center MoCPA, generated for the smallholder farmers and Immigration Rules, 1994 reducing push-factor CTEVT, DCSI, landless rural poor through the pressure for out- migration Private Sector establishment of new enterprises locally Enterprises, MoYS Activity 4.3.1.6 Enhance business planning MoAD, DCSI, No. of smallholder farmers trained in and management capacity of AEDI business planning and management for the smallholder farmers the establishment and operation of new enterprises Activity 4.3.1.7 Protect self-employed MoF, MoAD, Smallholder producers protected with entrepreneurs by taxing MoTC taxes levied on the import competing with import of the products that local products compete with local production Activity 4.3.1.8 Engage smallholder farmer MoAD, No. of smallholder farmers engaged in groups in producing NTFPs MoFSC producing NTFPs and MAPs in the and MAPs on the leasehold community and leasehold forest areas and community forest areas 56 Activity 4.3.1.9 Build capacity of smallholder MoT, MoAD No. of smallholder farmers engaged in farmers for operating agro- agro-tourism activities for the income tourism business as an earning purpose alternate source of income Activity 4.3.1.10 Improve visibility of agro- MoT, MoAD Information disseminated through the tourism sites for the national media on attractive agro-tourism sites to and international visitors be visited by the tourists Activity 4.3.1.11 Promote production and High Value Agriculture MoAD, IFAD Quantity of off-season vegetables, seeds, trade of high value Project in Hill and Mountain MoTCAC yak cheese, apple, medicinal herbs, agricultural products Areas (HVAP) garlic, honey and NTFPs produced and marketed by the smallholder farmers Output – 4.3.2 Increased access of smallholder farmers to productive natural resources Activity 4.3.2.1 Make the land law MoLRM, Law enacted to provide additional land National Land Utilization smallholder farmers MoAD, MoLJ access to the smallholder farmers Policy, 2069 sensitive Activity 4.3.2.2 Lease forest areas to the MoFSC, Ha. of forest areas leased to the National Land Utilization smallholder households for MoAD smallholder households for agro-forestry Policy, 2069 their engagement in the activities larger sized productive activities Activity 4.3.2.3 Apply land utilization MolRM, Laws and regulations introduced and National Land Utilization provision for the transfer of MoAD, applied for temporary leasing practices Policy, 2069 fallow land to the cultivators MoLJ Ha. of fallow land made accessible for on a contractual basis cultivation to the smallholder farmers Activity 4.3.2.4 Utilize waste land for MoLRM, Ha. of fallow land (public and private) National Land Utilization productive purpose MoAD, brought into cultivation Policy, 2069 DoA Ha. of fallow river bed land brought into cultivation Activity 4.3.2.5 Establish database with MoAD Baseline information available for disaggregated figures on the comparison of progress after the contribution of smallholder implementation of the NAP, 2025 farmers in production and their income levels Activity 4.3.2.6 Zoning of areas for crop and livestock enterprises and promote appropriate enterprise in appropriate No of zones identified for specific crop zone. and livestock PILLAR – V ZERO FOOD LOSS AND WASTE Outcome - 5.1 Food loss reduced for increased utilization Output - 5.1.1 Value chain actors engaged in minimizing food loss and waste 57 Activity 5.1.1.1 Conduct a study to identify DoA, DFTQC, Study conducted on major food loss and major food loss points, MoAD, MoLD wastage areas in the supply chains causes and the magnitude of Magnitude of losses at different levels of loss at different levels of supply chain for various commodities are food supply and utilization identified chains Causes of losses at different levels of supply chain for various commodities are identified Activity 5.1.1.2 Establish database for the DoA, MoAD Information indicating annual post-harvest assessment of annual loss handling loss of various commodities to develop and implement available at the database necessary loss control plans Activity 5.1.1.3 Create awareness among all High Value Agriculture MOAD, IFAD Importance and techniques of minimizing Times 10 10 2015 stakeholders about the ways Project in Hill and Mountain DFTQC losses were known by the following of reducing food Areas (HVAP) stakeholders of food supply chain: loss/wastage - Harvesters - Processors - Store keepers - Transporters - Traders (wholesaler, retailers, food vendors etc.), and - Consumers Activity 5.1.1.4 Train farmers to reduce High Value Agriculture DoA, MoAD IFAD No. of farmers, trained on the methods of Times 2 2 2015 post-harvest loss Project in Hill and Mountain reducing post-harvest loss of various Areas (HVAP) agricultural and livestock commodities Activity 5.1.1.5 Train producers, High Value Agriculture DoA, MoAD IFAD No. of producers, store keepers, District 7 7 2015 storekeepers, transporters Project in Hill and Mountain transporters and traders trained and traders for zero-loss Areas (HVAP) food handling methods in High Mountain Agri- ADB Times 56 68 2017 storing the food crops and business and Livelihoods livestock products Improvement (HIMALI) Project Activity 5.1.1.6 Develop guideline on food DoA, MoAD Guideline on food waste prevention waste prevention techniques techniques developed for different levels of the value chain Activity 5.1.1.7 Disseminate the guidelines DoA, MoAD Key message on preventing food loss and widely through different waste disseminated through different media media (TV, FM, Posters, Pamphlets, Newspaper etc.) among all value chain actors handling food Quantity of food wastage reduced in the hotels, restaurants, food stalls, food vendors, supermarkets and the consumers at the household level 58 Activity 5.1.1.8 Train consumers on food No. of consumers and processors trained preservation techniques: on food preservation/use of abundant - Food processing food by applying simple food processing techniques technique - Food preservation No. of consumers trained on food waste techniques reduction - Control leftover food Quantity of food waste at household level throwing/dish throwing reduced No. of household members trained on not wasting dish food Activity 5.1.1.9 Discourage the use of food DFTQC, Reduced use of food grains for alcohol grains in producing alcohol MoAD, CDO, production at household level at household level MoLJ Activity 5.1.1.10 Consumer awareness on No. of consumer trained on food waste food waste reduction reduction Activity 5.1.1.11 Encourage alternative use of MoLD Quantity of food waste utilized and animal food waste (e.g. animal feed produced feed/fuel etc.) Output 5.1.2 Facilities created for minimizing food loss Activity 5.1.2.1 Distribute safer grain storage DoA, MoAD No. of bins/hermetic storage bags materials (bins/hermetic accessed by the grain producers and storage bags) to the collectors (petty collectors/brokers) producers and food grain collectors (petty collectors/brokers) Activity 5.1.2.2 Provide access to dedicated DoA, MoAD, No. of wholesalers having access to transport facilities (e.g. MoLD dedicated means of refrigerated trucks for the MoPIT transport (i. e. with cooling facilities) transportation of agricultural Mt. of commodities transferred through products such as fruits, the dedicated means of transport (i. e. vegetables, fish, meat and with cooling facilities) dairy products) Activity 5.1.2.3 Promote packing houses MoAD No. of producers/traders having access to with clean water and pre-cooling facilities electricity supply and Quantity of commodities handled in pre- encourage the use of pre- cooling facilities cooling technique for perishable commodities Activity 5.1.2.4 Support farmers/traders to No. of zero energy/cold storage facilities establish zero energy/cold established storage facilities Activity 5.1.2.5 Encourage the use of proper MoAD Safe packaging materials suitable for packaging materials to various commodities available in the prevent food loss market Producers'/traders' use of proper packaging techniques observed Properly packaged produce available in the market 59 Activity 5.1.2.6 Support small-scale traders MoAD No. of small-scale traders using with quality packaging subsidized quality materials for packaging materials No. of small-scale traders selling packaged food products with minimum leakage and damage Activity 5.1.2.7 Campaign for food loss MoAD, Network of producers, traders and reduction DFTQC, consumers established as a MoLD result of food loss reduction campaign Activity 5.1.2.8 Organize exhibition on the MoAD, No. of exhibitions organized food loss prevention DFTQC No. of visitors in the exhibition observing techniques the varieties of demonstrated techniques 60 Annex – II Development Partners Supported Projects/Programs Related to the Reduction of Hunger and Nutrition 2015/16 (2072/73) Development S. N. Projects / Programs Budget GoN Grant Loan Partners (NRs in '000) Ministry of Agriculture Development

1 Special Program for Agricultural Production 6109766 6109766

2 Agriculture Information and Communication 56991 56991 Center

3 Kisan ka lagi Unnat Biubijan Karyakram 842114 (KUBK) 78999 430007 333108 IFAD, HPIN

4 Cooperative Farming, Small Irrigation, 653116 556066 97050 Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation Program

5 Food Crisis Response Program 207496 924 206572 WB

6 Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project 114880 4762 98373 11745 WB (system modernization, agriculture program)

7 Cotton Development Committee 25622 25622

8 Agriculture Development Project (Janakpur) 106962 106962

9 Horticulture Development Program 382713 382713

10 Potato, Vegetable and Spices Development 410450 410450 Program

11 Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 2010 39387 39387

12 Agricultural Extension Program 2503015 2503015

13 Home Garden Program 78727 78727 SDC

14 Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) : 212154 22641 189513 WB Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards (agriculture management information system)

15 Agriculture Extension and Training Center 151140 151140

16 Agriculture and Food Security Project 1481363 211417 1269946 WB

17 Livestock Service Extension Program 2118267 2118267

18 Avian Influenza Control Project 41760 41760

19 Nepal Veterinary Council 3584 3584

20 Livestock Health Services Program 391407 391407

21 Agriculture Research Program 2087397 2087397

22 Fishery Development Program 565213 565213

23 Agro Business Promotion and Market 189509 189509 Development Program

24 Project for Commercial Agriculture and Trade 1854590 69149 46599 1738842 WB

25 Integrated Water Resource Management 214905 5490 180825 28590 Project WB

26 Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture 57822 6471 51351 Sector Program (Agriculture)

27 Livestock Market Promotion Program 225639 225639

28 Agriculture Research and Development Fund 70915 70915

29 Tea, Coffee and Cardamom Development 113822 113822 Board

30 Soil Test and Improvement Service Program 96008 96008 61

31 Karnali Zone Agriculture Development Project 56000 56000

32 Sugar and Sugarcane Development 8260 8260 Committee

33 National Dairy Development Board (Special 94693 94693 Milk Production Programme)

34 Food Nutrition and Technology Program 213973 213973

35 Crop Development Program 319270 319270

36 Seed promotion and quality control program 29032 29032

37 Agricultural Perspective Plan Monitoring and 545466 545466 Coordination Program

38 Livestock Development Farms 223134 223134

39 Crop Protection Program 213633 194115 19518

40 Raising Income of Small and Medium Farmers 551159 120553 430606 Project ADB

41 High Value Agriculture Project in Hill and 377905 Mountain Areas (HVAP) 23296 177233 177376 IFAD

42 Livestock Development Service Program 871024 (Cow, Buffalo, Goat and other) 871024

43 Livestock Service Training Center 71091 71091

44 Sericulture Development Program 92194 92194

45 Industrial Entomology 117632 117632

46 High Mountain Agri-business and Livelihoods 751933 121525 630408 ADB Improvement (HIMALI) Project Total (46 projects / Programs) 25943133 19746744 3648805 2547584 MoAD Administrative Cost

47 Agriculture Development Ministry 213823 213823

48 Department of Agriculture 212744 212744

49 Regional Agriculture Directorates 87090 87090

50 Department of Livestock Services 165493 165493

51 Regional Livestock Directorates 60297 60297 Total (5) 739447 739447 0 0 Total (Ministry of Agriculture Development) 26682580 20486191 3648805 2547584 Other Ministries Ministry of Irrigation Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture 1031622

1 Area Project 228836 0 802786 ADB, OFID Rehabilitation and Management Transfer of 521105 521105

2 Government Irrigation Project

3 Irrigation Project based on New Technology 301814 301814

4 Irrigation Rehabilitation Project 203431 43431 0 160000 Kuwait Fund

5 Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project 1313018 735801 50517 526700 WB (including system modernization) (MoI)

6 Surkhet Valley Irrigation Project 10000 10000 Irrigation Feasibility Study and Construction 76199

7 Quality Program 76199

8 Bagmati Irrigation Project 570463 305283 0 265180 Saudi Fund

9 Babai Irrigation Project 755876 755876

10 Mahakali Irrigation Project (Kanchanpur) 356328 356328

11 Sunsari Morang Irrigation Project 449550 449550

12 Praganna and Badkapath Irrigation Project 219993 219993

13 Sikta Irrigation Project 1698500 1427500 0 271000 Saudi Fund

14 Medium Irrigation Project 3047512 3047512

15 Karnali Zone Irrigation Development Program 80000 80000 Seti Makakali Irrigation Development 180000

16 Program 180000 62

17 Irrigation Institutional Development Program 91657 91657 Irrigation and Water Resource Management 1461361 18 project 220411 400544 840406 WB Underground Shallow and Deep Tubewell 674182

19 Irrigation Project 674182 India

20 Deep and Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Project 118390 12191 106199 13161001 9737669 557260 2866072 Ministry of Health and Population

21 Integrated Child Health and Nutrition 4025605 702104 3323501 GAVI, UDAID, Program UNICEF, WHO, SC, SAARC Fund, WFP, Plan Int'l, Care Nepal, One Heart Born Wide Ministry of Education

22 Food for Education Program 496139 119104 377035 WFP Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development

23 Golden 1000 - Day Program 3088587 0 1733644 1354943 WB, UNICEF

24 Multi-sectoral Nutrition Program 100000 100000 Department of Local Infrastructure 93708

25 Development and Agriculture Road 93708 Total (Other Ministries) 20965040 10752585 5991440 4221015 Total (Ministry of Agriculture Development and Other ) 47647620 31238776 9640245 6768599 Source: Red Book FY 2015/16 (2072/73), Ministry of Finance. 63 Annex – III Ministry of Agricultural Development List of Priority 1 and Priority 2 Projects/Programs S. Priority Projects / Programs N. Code 1 312016 Nepal Veterinary Council P2 2 312020 Cotton Development Committee P2 3 312021 Tea, Coffee and Cardamom Development Board P2 4 312101 Agriculture Research and Development Fund P1 5 312102 Agricultural Perspective Plan Monitoring and Coordination Program P1 6 312103 Special Program for Agricultural Production P1 7 312104 Raising Income of Small and Medium Farmers Project P1 8 312105 Agriculture Development Project (Janakpur) P2 9 312106 Sericulture Development Program P2 10 312107 Horticulture Development Program P1 11 312108 Potato, Vegetable and Spices Development Program P1 12 312109 Seed promotion and quality control program P1 13 312110 Fishery Development Program P1 14 312111 Food Nutrition and Technology Program P1 15 312112 Crop Protection Program P1 16 312113 Industrial Entomology P2 17 312114 Crop Development Program P1 18 312115 Agriculture Information and Communication Center P1 19 312116 Agriculture Extension and Training Center P1 20 312117 Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture Sector Project (Agriculture) P1 21 312118 Soil Test and Improvement Service Program P2 22 312119 Agro Business Promotion and Market Development Program P1 23 312120 Cooperative Farming, Small Irrigation, Fertilizer and Seeds Transportation P1 Program 24 312122 Project for Commercial Agriculture and Trade P1 25 312124 Integrated Water Resource Management Project P1 26 312125 Livestock Health Services Program P1 27 312126 Livestock Development Service Program (Cow, Buffalo, Goat and other) P1 28 312127 Livestock Market Promotion Program P1 29 312128 Livestock Development Farms P1 30 312130 Livestock Service Training Center P2 31 312132 Avian Influenza Control Project P2 32 312136 Agriculture Research Program P1 33 312137 National Dairy Development Board (Special Milk Production Programme) P2 34 312141 Food Crisis Response Program P1 35 312143 Sugar and Sugarcane Development Committee P2 36 312153 High Value Agriculture Project in Hill and Mountain Areas (HVAP) P1 37 312154 High Mountain Agri-business and Livelihoods Improvement (HIMALI) Project P1 38 312156 Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project (system modernization, agriculture P1 program) 64 39 312157 Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) : Building Resilience to Climate P1 Related Hazards (agriculture management information system) 40 312158 Agriculture and Food Security Project P1 41 312160 Kisan ka lagi Unnat Biubijan Karyakram (KUBK) P1 42 312162 Nepal Trade Integration Strategy 2010 P1 43 312801 Karnali Zone Agriculture Development Project P1 44 312802 Agricultural Extension Program P1 45 312803 Livestock Service Extension Program P1 46 312805 Home Garden Program P1 1 312011 Agriculture Development Ministry P1 2 312012 Department of Agriculture P1 3 312013 Regional Agriculture Directorates P1 4 312014 Department of Livestock Services P1 5 312015 Regional Livestock Directorates P1 Source: Red Book FY 2015/16 (2072/73), Ministry of Finance. 65 Annex - IV Priority frameworks complementing to the implementation process Following frameworks are expected to contribute to the coordination of implementation process of NAP as they also prioritize increased production and the development of markets for food and nutrition security. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) has set an agenda for eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development by 2030 under its 17 Goals framework. Its successful accomplishment requires achievement of progress on the economic, social and environmental fronts. Under its 17 Goals, 169 targets are set emphasizing on poverty reduction, access to employment, better management of natural resources, development of supportive infrastructures, creation of alternative avenues for economic growth, coping with the effects of climate change, promotion of the social inclusion process, and establishment of accountable governance system leading towards sustainable development process. In order to accomplish success over these targets, mobilizing support of related stakeholders from public and private sectors and the CSOs is necessary. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Despite frequently troubling political instability coupled with the absence of locally elected representatives and the prolonged transition of peace process, Nepal’s performance can still be considered effective for the progress it could attain against most of the MDG indicators. According to the MDG Progress Report, 2013 the government took remarkable strides in achieving success closer towards the indicators like reduction of poverty and hunger, increase in the school enrolment rate and decrease in the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The progress is noticeable on women empowerment, environmental sustainability and global partnership for development. However, the task is not yet over and further efforts are required for enhancing production, improving governance to address the issues of disparity and inequality in food distribution, creation of new employment opportunities, and adaptation to the climate change risks. Within the MDG period, Nepal successfully narrowed down its poverty level from 42 percent (recorded in 1990) to 23.8 percent (in 2013). This decline indicates The poor are not simply waiting for positive sign of progress. However, its hand-outs; they are looking for economic opportunities, food on their retention and even achieving more table, and a safe home for their families; progress, requires greater emphasis on like all of us. enhancing domestic production. It is necessary because the current foundation Kanayo F. Nwanze, IFAD President, Keynote Statement for a Sustainable Food Future, of reported progress is largely based on December 7, 2015 remittance sent by the Nepalese youths working abroad which may simply be a transitional phenomenon. To avoid the risk of going down to the spiral again the country needs to increase investment in productive agriculture to maintain food security and also to control the likely occurrence of malnutrition. The Goals set under the MDG and SDG are as follows: 66 Table – 1: Goals Set by the MDG and SDG Frameworks MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030) 1. Goal-1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 1. Goal-1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere 2. Goal-2: Achieve universal primary education 2. Goal-2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture 3. Goal-3: Promote gender equality and empower3. Goal-3: Ensure healthy lives and promote women well-being for all at all ages 4. Goal-4: Reduce child mortality Goal-4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all 5. Goal-5: Improve maternal health Goal-5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls 6. Goal-6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other Goal-6: Ensure availability and sustainable diseases management of water and sanitation for all 7. Goal-7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal-7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all Goal-8: Develop a global partnership for Goal-8: Promote sustained, inclusive and development sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Goal-9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Goal-10: Reduce inequality within and among countries Goal-11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Goal-12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal-13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Goal-14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Goal-15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Goal-16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels Goal-17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development Multi-sectoral Nutrition Plan (MSNP): The National Multi-sectoral Nutrition Plan malnutrition was prepared under the lead of NPC engaging related government agencies. It has aimed to address the problem of chronic malnutrition emphasizing on the measures for its prevention. It has also examined factors limiting the 67 government’s capacity. It identifies gaps and future needs to implement the Plan in a sustainably. The total cost of MSNP for the activities extended over five years is approximately $193 million. This is equivalent to an annual cost of approximately $39 million or a per capita annual cost of just over $1. It has proposed nutrition-sensitive approach dedicated to support food security. It also aims at strengthening governance to reinforce nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches. The Plan emphasizes on strengthening of multi-sectoral nutrition information system to track the progress of MSNP implementation, with links to existing food security early warning system. It has emphasized the role of basket fund which expects to receive funding from the government and development partners. The NPC has been designated as in- charge of releasing funds to the sectors of development including the districts. It expects to meet the funding gap from both domestic and external sources. SUN Movement: Nepal joined the SUN Movement in May 2011. It has appointed the Head of the NPC as the SUN Focal Point. High Level Nutrition and Food Security Steering Committee meetings are hosted by NPC, which are chaired by the Vice Chairman of the NPC. The World Bank is the SUN Donor Convener. Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS): Nepal’s agricultural sector was not performing so well than today when the Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) was launched in 1995-96. Improvements have taken place over the years since then influencing the living standards of people relatively better with respect to enhanced productivity, infrastructure development, food security, and poverty reduction. However, the challenge of food deficit is still to be overcome. Nepal’s agricultural growth is about 3 percent per year. It is highly variable also. The country’s productive youth labour force has mostly overlooked this sector due to the attraction towards foreign jobs. This has been a growing trend in the recent years. The remittance sent by these job holders occupies more than 25 percent of GDP. It has generated scope for increased capital formation and local investments in the country. APP was based on a narrow view of technology focused on green revolution which was inappropriate for large parts of the Nepali agro-ecology. As a result, leading stakeholders such as producer farmers, private sector entrepreneurs, and the cooperatives were less involved than expected in its implementation. The ADS has been prepared in the foundation of these lessons obtained from APP. It emphasizes on improved governance, effective participation of stakeholders, providing land access to producers, decentralized research and extension services, and the promotion of agri-business. ADS plans to promote agri-business and non-farm rural development activities relatively to agriculture side by side. Strengthened linkages between agriculture and other sectors of development in the economy have been considered critical to 68 the reduction of poverty. Accordingly, it plans to develop non-farm activities based on agriculture as fundamental element for growth of the rural economy. It emphasizes on the balanced development of the rural economy with increased opportunities for employment generation. In these contexts, ADS considers development of the agricultural sector in its composite structure encompassing not only the production sectors (crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry) but also the processing sector, trade and other services (such as storage, transportation, finance, marketing, research, and extension).9 The ADS emphasizes on the growth of agricultural sector with promotion of inclusiveness (both social and geographic). Sustainability (both in terms of natural and economic resources) is its priority. Participation of private sector and cooperative sector are emphasized. Connectivity to market infrastructure (e.g. agricultural roads, collection centres, packing houses, market centres) has remained its concern. The support measures like information infrastructure and ICT, power infrastructure (e.g. rural electrification, renewable and alternative energy sources) have remained its concern too. These inclusive, multi-sector, and connectivity-based growth approach are expected to enhance food and nutrition security, reduce poverty, improve access to markets generating equitable income of the rural households, while strengthening the farmers’ rights. 9 ADS (2015). Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) 2015 to 2035, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agricultural Development, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. 69 Figure 1: Strategic Framework Followed by the Agricultural Development Strategy, Nepal 1. Food and Nutrition Security 2. Poverty Reduction 3. Agricultural Trade Competitiveness 4. Higher and more equitable Income 5. Farmers’ Rights ensured and strengthened Inclusion Private Sector, Cooperative Sector Sustainability Connectivity Profitable Governance Productivity Competitiveness Commercialization Source: ADS (2015), Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) 2015 to 2035, Government of Nepal, MoAD, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. ADS moves with a vision for self-reliant, sustainable, competitive, and inclusive agricultural sector that drives economic growth and contributes to improve livelihoods with food and nutrition security leading to food sovereignty enshrined in the Nepalese Constitution. Various indicators and targets set to monitor progress towards its vision are as follows: Table 2: Indicators and Targets for ADS Vision Vision Indicators Existing Target Target Target Long Situation Short Term Medium Term (20 (2010) (5 years) Term (10 years) years) Self-sufficiency in 5% trade 0% trade 0-5% trade 0-5% trade Self-reliance food grains deficit in food deficit surplus surplus grains Year-round irrigation 18% coverage 30% 60% 80% Soil organic 1% 2% 4% 4% matter Ha of degraded 3.2 million 2.88 m ha 2.56 million 1.6 million land ha ha ha Sustainability Forest cover 40% 40% 40% 40% Agricultural land productivity (AGDP/ha) $1,804 $2,302 $2,938 $4,787 Agribusiness as % of GDP 10% 12% 14% 20% Agricultural trade Trade deficit Trade deficit Trade deficit Trade balance $350 million $310 million) $181 million surplus Competitiveness $690 million Agricultural $248 million $418 million $704 million $1,999 Exports million % of farm land 10% 15% 30% 50% Inclusiveness solely or jointly owned by women 70 Vision Indicators Existing Target Target Target Long Situation Short Term Medium Term (20 (2010) (5 years) Term (10 years) years) % of farmers 12% 17% 22% 30% reached by agricultural programmes Average annual 3% 4% 5% 6% Agricultural growth of AGDP Growth AGDP/ $794 $979 $1,206 $1,833 Agricultural Livelihoods labour Poverty in Rural 27% 21% 16% 10% Areas Food Poverty 24% 16% 11% 5% Nutrition Food and - Stunting 41.5% 29% 20% 8% Nutrition - Underweight 31.1% 20% 13% 5% Security - Wasting; 13.7% 5% 2% 1% - Women with low 18% 15% 13% 5% BMI Source: ADS (2015), Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) 2015 to 2035, Government of Nepal, MoAD, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. Annual cost estimated for the ADS is NRs. 50.2 billion. Of this, 89% is expected to be mobilized from the government source and donor support, while the remaining 11% is expected to be mobilized from private sector. Around 37% of the total programme cost is allocated for Flagship Programmes. 71