Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030

1Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 The Government of Nepal Ministry of Home Affairs July 2018 Disaster risk reDuction national strategic Plan of action 2018 – 2030 2 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 3Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Disaster risk reDuction national strategic Plan of action 2018 – 2030 The Government of Nepal Ministry of Home Affairs July 2018 4 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 5Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 6 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 7Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 8 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 9Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 table of contents Chapter 1: Background ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Status of Disaster Risk ....................................................................................3 1.1.1 Road Accidents ................................................................................4 1.1.2 Epidemics .........................................................................................5 1.1.3 Earthquake .......................................................................................6 1.1.4 Landslide ..........................................................................................7 1.1.5 Flood .................................................................................................7 1.1.6 Snowstorm and Avalanche ...............................................................9 1.1.7 Droughts ...........................................................................................9 Chapter 2: A Review on Implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 and Existing Legal and Policy Framework .................13 2.1 Review of the implementation of National Strategy on Disaster Risk Management 2009 ........................................................................................15 2.2 Existing Legal and Policy Framework ...........................................................16 2.3 Process of Formulating Strategic Action Plan ..............................................23 Chapter 3: Strategic Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction ..........................27 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................29 3.2 Guiding Principles .........................................................................................29 3.3 Vision, Expected Outcome, Goal and Targets ..............................................31 3.4 Priority Areas .................................................................................................38 Chapter 4: Priority Area 1- Understanding Disaster Risk ..................................41 4.1. Hazard-wise Risk Assessment .....................................................................45 4.2 Inter-Agency Coordination for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment ....................62 4.3 Development of Effective Disaster Management Information System and Information Dissemination ........................................................65 4.4 Capacity Building for Understanding Disaster Risk .....................................68 10 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Chapter 5: Priority Area 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal, Provincial and Local Levels ...............................................................73 5.1 Establishment and Strengthening of Institutional Structures .......................79 5.2 Formulation of Legal and Regulatory Framework ........................................85 5.3 Capacity Development, Collaboration and Partnership for Disaster Risk Governance ..................................................................................................98 5.4 Ensuring Inclusiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction ....................................101 Chapter 6: Priority Area 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and Public Investments in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience ................109 6.1 Promoting Investment in Increasing Resilience ..........................................107 6.2 Promoting Public Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction ..........................118 6.3 Promoting Private Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction .........................121 6.4 Increasing Disaster Resilience through Risk Transfer, Insurance and Social Security ....................................................................124 Chapter 7: Priority Area 4- Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to “Build Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction ....................................................................................................129 7.1. Strengthening Disaster Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response ....133 7.2 Developing Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Disaster Preparedness..............................................................................................138 7.3 Promotion of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction .........................149 7.4 Strengthening Communication and Dissemination System for Disaster Preparedness..............................................................................................154 7.5 Capacity Building of Search and Rescue ...................................................158 7.6 Promoting ”Build Back Better” Approach in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction .....................................................................................170 Chapter 8: Financing for Implementing the Strategic Action Plan ..................177 Chapter 9: Implementation, Monitoring, Review and Revision of Strategic Action Plan ...........................................................................................181 References ...........................................................................................................186 11Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 acronyms AD Anno Domini AMCDRR Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction BCPR Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery CBO Community Based Organization CCA Climate Change Adaption CDRRC Central Disaster Rescue and Response Committee DDC District Development Committee DDRC District Disaster Relief Committee DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DRM Disaster Risk Management DOA Department of Agriculture DOF Department of Forest DOHS Department of Health and Service DOMG Department of Mines and Geology DSCWM Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed management DUDBC Department of Urban Development and Building Construction DWIDM Department of Water Induced Disaster management FAO Food and Agriculture organization FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry GDP Gross Development product GLOF Glacial Lake Outburst Flood GON Government of Nepal GPS Global Positioning System HFA Hyogo Framework for Action 12 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 HFF Himalayan Frontal Fault ICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain Development INGO International NonGovernmental Organization LAPA Local Adaptation LAMP Land Resource Mapping Project LSGA Local Self Governance Act MBT Main Boundary Thrust MCT Main Central Thrust MOALS&C Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management, and Cooperatives MOFAGA Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration MOHA Ministry f Home Affairs MOFE Ministry of Forest and Environment MOUD Ministry of Urban Development NAPA National Adaptation Program of Actions to Climate NCA Natural Calamities Act NEA Nepal Electricity Authority NSDRM National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management DRRMA Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act LGOA Local Governance Operation Act NUDS National Urban Development Strategy OPMCM Office of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency VDC Village Development Committee WECS Water and Energy Commission Secretariat WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization 1Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 BACkGROUND Chapter 1 2 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 3Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 backgrounD 1.1 status of Disaster risk The average distance from the great Himalaya range in the north to the plain Terai in the South of Nepal is 170 kM. Within this short distance, Nepalese people are facing various types of dangerous hazards due to diverse geographical condition despite being rich in natural diversity. Since, Nepal is at risk from different disasters due to natural hazards, every year, in average more than 500 various disastrous incidents occur resulting loss of physical infrastructures and human life and affecting livelihoods. In last 45 years (1971 to 2015), more than 40,000 people have lost their life due to disasters. This number is more than two persons losing life every day. In addition to the high rate of casualties in the above-mentioned period, more than 75,000 people have been injured and about 3,000,000 have been affected. These disasters have become severe burden to the people and the community all over Nepal. In majority of the districts of Nepal, disasters occur recurrently, where more than 90 % of the populations are in at high-risk of death due to two or more than two types of disasters. Among the major disasters, non-natural disasters are like epidemics, droughts, forest fire, insect and micro-organism havoc, animal and bird influenza, pandemic flu, snake bite, animal terror, mines, air, roads or industrial accidents, fire, poisonous gas, chemical or radiation leakage, gas explosion, consumption of poisonous food, environmental pollution, deforestation or physical infrastructure damage and accident during rescue and natural disasters are like snowstorm, hailstorm, avalanche, glacial lake outburst, heavy rainfall, famine, flood, landslide, inundation, droughts, windstorm, cold wave, heat wave, thunderbolt, earthquake, volcanic eruption, forest fire etc. 4 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Nepal has been ranked in 11th position as the most risk prone country in the world in terms of earthquake, and 30th position in terms of flood and landslide. In addition, due to the increasing development process, Nepal has been facing non-natural disasters like environment pollution, deforestation, dam and embankment bursts, bridge collapse, mines, air, roads, water and industrial accidents. During monsoon, various types of geophysical and climatic hazards occur nationwide because of geologically dynamic Himalayan range, steep topography, and fragile geographical structure. About 83% of Nepal lies in hill and mountain regions and 17% in the plain Terai. Hilly region is at risk of landslide and soil erosion whereas Chure and the Terai are at risk of flood, droughts, fire and epidemics. Himalayan region is at risk of avalanche and glacial lake outburst. All Nepal being in very active seismic zone, the mountain and Himalayan settlements are at high risk of earthquake. Besides these disasters, other human induced disasters also occur in the country. The major hazards causing disasters are the following. 1.1.1 road accidents With the increasing trend of urbanization and expansion of road networks, the Road Accidents are increasing every year. The major causes of road accidents are negligence of the driver, drunk driving, high-speed driving, recklessness of pedestrians, unsystematic parking, poor road-crossing system, narrow roads, slopped roads, poor drainage and poor visibility at the bends. According to the WHO report of 2014, the mortality rate by road accidents is 3.18 % of the total mortality rate. Adjusting this mortality rate with the mortality rate of different age group, it becomes 22.32 people in 100,000 people. Based on mortality rate caused by Roads Accident, Nepal has been ranked 5Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 in 50th country of the world. Assessing the data from 2001 till the date, the mortality rate by the Roads Accident is increasing. As per last five years data, every year about 10,000 Road Accidents occur in Nepal. Because of this, about 1,889 people lose their life whereas 13,000 get injured every year. Analysis of these data shows that per day 27 accident and death of more than 5 people occur in Nepal. Due to Road Accidents only, about 0.8 % of the total GDP is lost every year. 1.1.2 epidemics The people and the communities of Nepal are very insecure by the epidemic hazards. Many people lose their life because of the infectious diseases born out of water, insects, and micro-organisms. From 1971 to 2015, 16,564 people have lost their lives due to epidemics. Diarrhea, malaria, measles, hepatitis, influenza, typhoid, asthma, cholera, sexually transmitted disease, tuberculosis and leprosy are the common infectious diseases in Nepal. From March to August 2008, the Mid-Western and Far-Western regions of Nepal were affected by diarrhea. About 282 persons lost their life. 19 districts were affected by the diarrhea. In Jajarkot district alone, 12,500 people were affected and 128 people lost their lives. Likewise, 46 people lost their life in Rukum district. In January 2008, influenza (Bird Flu) was noticed in Nepal for the first time. The virus affected the poultry farm in kakarbhitta, located in Jhapa district. 28,000 chickens of that area were killed to control the virus. Recently, influenza virus has been found spread in kathmandu Valley, Chitwan, kabhre, Hetauda, and in the other parts of the country. In addition, every year hundreds of people are facing a situation of losing their life due to epidemics in some parts of Nepal. It is necessary to develop a surveillance system for regular monitoring of epidemics including influenza virus that impact animal and human health. 6 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 1.1.3 earthquake Nepal is located on an active seismic belt. There are three main fault lines in Nepal which include the main central thrust on the base of Higher Himalaya adjoining the Middle Mountains south of Himalaya, the main boundary thrust at the confluence of Siwalik and Lesser Himalaya and the Himalaya Frontal Fault in the south of Siwalik. Every fault line is active from the east to the west, and therefore, the earthquakes of high and low intensity occur in Nepal. Geologists have the opinion that these fault lines are created due to the movement or sudden thrust of Indian plate diving underneath to the Eurasian plate. Indian plate is moving 20 millimeters to the north every year and the lower part of Tibet (Southern border of Eurasia) collides with Asian plate, as a result the required energy is generated to push the Himalaya to the uppermost which causes the region to be the most unstable all over the world. The measurement, using geostationary satellites by global positioning system shows that the Himalaya, located at the middle of Nepal east of kathmandu, is increasing by 7±2 millimeter every year. Therefore, in Nepal, earthquakes of larger intensity had occurred in AD 1255, 1410, 1505, 1555, 1803, 1833, 1897, 1905, 1934, 1950, 2005, and 2015. The April 25, 2015 Gorkha earthquake with the magnitude of 7.6 Richter scale caused great loss of human life and property. Subsequently, 7.3 Richter scale large aftershock centered around Sindhupalchok on May 12, 2015 along with other continuous small aftershocks increased additional loss of life and property. The earthquake created other disasters like avalanche, landslides and road blockage. 31 districts of Nepal had been impacted and 14 were declared as the most affected districts. Due to that earthquake, many settlements became risky to inhabit whereas historical areas and heritage sites of kathmandu valley were destroyed. 7Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 8979 people lost their life and more than 22, 300 people were injured due to the earthquake. At least 498,852 private houses and 2,656 government buildings had been destroyed. Similarly, 256,697 private houses and 3,622 Government buildings were partially damaged. Besides this, more than 19,000 class rooms were damaged completely and more than 11, 000 classrooms were partially damaged. 1.1.4 landslide Since 1971 to 2015, 4,832 people have lost their life due to landslide in Nepal. There was a great loss of life and property in the eastern and central part of Nepal due to flood and landslide in B.S. 2050. More than 2000 landslides of small and large scale occurred in the highway and slopped hill. The inactive old landslide also became active. 42,995 hectares of agricultural land had been affected by heavy rain fall, landslide and flood. Many Irrigation system, highway, bridges and other physical infrastructures had been affected. The total estimated damage was about 5,000 million Nepalese rupees. 1,170 people lost their life and 500,000 were affected. The highways like Prithvi, Arniko, Butwal - Pokhara and Narayangadh - Mugling including other important highways of Hilly area are facing landslides continuously. Due to heavy rainfall of July 2003, landslides had occurred in more than 70 places in 36 kM section of Narayangadh- Mugling road. Due to the disaster created by the devastating flood and landslide, some new learning and experiences have been gained through awareness for preventing them. 1.1.5 flood There are more than 6,000 rivers in Nepal of small and big size with total length of about 45,000 kilometer. These rivers are helpful for agriculture and 8 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 irrigation facilities and to sustain the life but when these rivers get flooded, the flood ruins most of the Terai and valleys. In Nepal, the drainage density is 0.3 km per square kilometer which shows that how close and flood sensitive the drainages are. In addition to damaging the crops, the flood causes great loss of humanitarian and physical assets and generally epidemics spread out after flood. Particularly, the poor people are the most unsafe from it. Since 1971 to 2015, a total of 4,344 people have lost their life due to flood. Generally, flood occurs in Nepal due to high intensity rainfall, continuous rainfall for several days, glacial lake outburst and landslide lake outburst. We have an experience of flash flood and damages of life and property in the Mediumhill region of Nepal. Because of the deposition of huge sediment carried by the river flowing from the hilly area down to the plain Terai, especially the floodplains in the Terai are affected by the floods. When summer monsoon becomes very active, flooding occurs mostly in July, August and mid-September. Flash flood occurs due to outburst of the temporary lakes made by the glaciers and landslides also. Because of the flash flood caused by the rivulets originated from Chure hill, the Bhawar region is at risk. These rivers change their course frequently and bring too much sediment. After these sediments get deposited at the plains, the height of the river bed and bank increase continuously. When these rivers flow to the southern Terai, then inundation, bank erosion and deposition of sand in the agricultural field happen. The Terai of Nepal gets inundated due to the congestion of drainage by the embankments constructed near the border between Bihar and Uttar Pradesh of India. The infrastructure development, especially construction of road near the border also obstructs natural drainage. When river bed rises, the communities become unsafe even on medium flow. For resolving such problem, preventive measures like clearing the natural drainages are necessary along with the specific activities for rescue and relief. The problem 9Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 of flood is also widespread in hilly areas where the Glacial Lake Outburst Flood may damage the lower part significantly. 1.1.6 snowstorm and avalanche On 14 October, 2014, snow storm and subsequent avalanche occurred around Annapurna and Dhaulagiri areas in Manang and Mustang districts of Nepal. The storm was triggered by the Hudhud cyclone originated from the Bay of Bengal on 6th October of the same year. Due to snow storm and avalanche, at least 43 people including 21 pedestrians were killed. Approximately 50 persons were reported missing and 175 people were injured due to severe cold. About 400 people were rescued from different areas of Manang and Mustang. Such incidents affect tourism and national economy deeply. Such disaster risks can be prevented with the proper investment on developing a mechanism for shifting tourists and local community at safe places and on weather forecasting and early warning system. 1.1.7 Droughts Every year drought impacts the agriculture, environment and ecosystem negatively in the Tarai and western hills of Nepal. December to June is relatively dry and drought like situation develops during monsoon season also if there is no rainfall for a long time. The Manang and Mustang districts located in the Trans–Himalayan range are very dry throughout the year and Terai and western hills are affected more in comparison to other areas. It is experienced that drying of sources of water (mainly the source of groundwater) is increasing in the middle mountains. The Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives has identified droughts as the most hazardous for agriculture. Long droughts can impact the agricultural production negatively and create the situation of food insecurity specifically, 10 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 when only 38% of agricultural land has the access of irrigation throughout the year and rest of the land depends on monsoon rain. About 5000 families living in the hills and Terai are affected by droughts every year in Nepal. The food production drops drastically due to droughts and the problem of famine may increase more. There was severe decline in food production all over the country due to lack of rainfall in the winter of 2008. The production of wheat and barley was dropped by 14 and 17% respectively. In some districts of mid and far western Nepal, the food production dropped half from November 2008 to February 2009 due to rainfall less than half of the normal. The joint assessment of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives, UN Food & Agricultural Organization and World Food Program showed that about 20 lakh people were at high risk of food insecurity and additionally 35 lakh people were badly affected due to inadequate food production. The report of those organizations revealed that there was food crisis due to droughts in 40 districts out of 75 districts of Nepal. In addition to aforementioned major climatic, geological and health hazards, Nepal is also relatively insecure from the hazards like forest fire, thunderbolt, hailstorms, windstorm, glacial lake outburst flood, air pollution and water pollution. The climatic change may cause the change in spatial and temporal patterns of extreme weather events. In recent years, it has been found that the monsoon pattern has been changed and the active monsoon duration is prolonged due to late withdrawal of monsoon. The spatial pattern of high intensity extreme rainfall is quite different from the annual or monsoon rainfall pattern. The Terai and Chure region where generally less annual rainfall and rainy days are expected, are suffering from high intensity extreme rainfall. The analysis of the trend of recent precipitation data from 1981 to 2010 of 210 stations shows 11Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 that pre-monsoon rainfall is increasing all over Nepal while post-monsoon rainfall is decreasing. Additionally, a significant increasing trend of continuous dry days and decreasing trend of rainy days are observed throughout Nepal which indicates increase in dry period nationwide. Generally, intensification of various rainfall indicators at different part of the country indicates location specific risk of flood, landslide and droughts. Disaster is a result of hazard and vulnerability. The most vulnerable group consists of financially disadvantaged and poor families, marginalized and socially excluded communities, women, children, elderly and people with disability. Disaster risk depends on social, economic and political structure and interrelationship between them. Disaster risk can be reduced by reducing the exposure and vulnerability and increasing the resilience. 12 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 13Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 A REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL STRATEGy FOR DISASTER RISk MANAGEMENT, 2009 AND ExISTING LEGAL AND POLICy FRAMEWORk Chapter 2 14 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 15Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 a review on imPlementation of national strategy for Disaster risk management, 2009 anD existing legal anD Policy framework 2.1 review of the implementation of national strategy on Disaster risk management 2009 National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management (NSDRM) 2009 has adopted a disaster risk reduction oriented comprehensive approach from relief and rescue-oriented approach to in disaster risk management. The government agencies working in disaster risk management, development partners, national/international NGOs, the Red Cross movement, humanitarian organizations and community based-organizations had participated and supported the formulation and implementation of the strategy. There have been several significant achievements on policy and institutional arrangements in risk reduction sector through implementation of this strategy. New constructions following National Building Code and retrofitting programs of school and hospital buildings are important achievements in the risk reduction sector. Similarly, the local disaster risk management plans and district disaster preparedness and response plans implemented from district to the community level and emergency operation centers established and operated from the center to the district level are some significant efforts for risk reduction. Likewise, this sector has been benefitted by the programs related to capacity building of human resources involved in disaster risk management at national to local levels. The Early Warning Systems 16 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 established in some of the rivers and risk-prone glacial lakes have helped to reduce the loss of life and property by flood and inundation. Despite some noticeable progress after implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009, there hasn’t been progress as expected on the first and second priority activities like institutional arrangements and risk assessment due to inability of making the governance activities risk sensitive as expected. The establishment and institutionalization of Geographic Information System (GIS)-based disaster information management system and development of actionable risk information and its effective dissemination mechanism are still at the initial stages. Additionally, mainstreaming of Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in the overall development process by integrating assessment of climatic and other risks have not been achieved. It is necessary to integrate and effectively implement the policy, institutional and legal arrangements related to Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction so that limited resources could be well utilized. Though Nepal gained significant achievements in last ten years, there are still more to be done to accomplish the vision of the strategy as a disaster resilient Nepal. 2.2 existing legal and Policy framework Under the policies for protection, promotion and use of natural resources, the Constitution of Nepal 2015 has set the policy of early warning, disaster preparedness, rescue, relief and rehabilitation for preventing water-induced disasters, developing sustainable and reliable irrigation through river management and minimizing the risks from disasters caused by natural hazards. Schedule 7 of the constitution has enlisted natural and non- natural disaster preparedness, rescue, relief and rehabilitation activities in the concurrent powers of Federal and Provincial governments. Similarly, Schedule 8 has enlisted disaster management as sole responsibility of the 17Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 local government and Schedule 9 has included it in concurrent powers of Federal, Provincial and Local governments. With the implementation of Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, 1982, Nepal embarked institutionalization of Disaster Management. This act established the Ministry of Home Affairs as a central agency for coordinating the activities to protect life and property through post-disaster rescue and relief. Similarly, other ministries, departments, academia, development partners, UN Agencies, international humanitarian organizations, non-governmental organizations and civil societies were given supporting role. The act has bestowed rights to the formation of Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee for formulation and implementation of policy at the central level and Natural Disaster Relief Committees in regional, district and local level for coordination and implementation. As a result of international initiatives, with the adoption of Hyogo framework in 2005, the concept of disaster management in Nepal is developing towards “Disaster Risk Reduction”. In this context, the National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 has aimed to develop the resilient community by identifying five priority areas for disaster risk reduction. In line with the Hyogo Framework (2005-2015), this strategy set a vision of “Disaster Resilient Nepal”. It has motivated to mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction in the process of formulation and implementation of sectoral development plans and encouraged for development and strengthening of institutional mechanism, capacity building, effective implementation of emergency preparedness, responses and recovery programs. Sendai Framework 2015 has set four priority areas and a vision of developing disaster resilient community and nation by ensuring participation of all-of-the- society in disaster management. Nepal has also implemented Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017 as per the international commitment, 18 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 experiences on past disasters and the Constitution of Nepal. The act has covered all aspects of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. It has made an arrangement of “National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority” as a specialized agency for Disaster Management and clarified the roles and responsibilities of Federal, Provincial and the Local level. The Tenth Five year Plan (2002-2007) has followed disaster management as an interrelated policy. The plan had highlighted on water induced disasters prevention, integrated management of natural and human induced disasters, policy improvement, development of institutional mechanism, disaster risk assessment and information dissemination, and disaster resistance construction practices. Three years Interim Plan (2007-2010) has accepted the necessity of Disaster Risk Management for sustainable development by identifying disaster a hindrance for achieving development goal. This plan had emphasized on the cooperation and coordination between the major agencies and the stakeholders. Additionally, prioritizing on disaster management, the 14th plan (2016 - 2018) has adopted the policy of conducting special program on capacity building for emergency search, rescue, treatment and immediate relief and, mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in all the dimensions and stages of development. The Soil and Watershed Conservation Act 1982 has a legal arrangement to conserve soil and watershed by controlling natural hazards like flood, landslide and soil erosion. The Water Resources Act, 1992 has a provision to utilize the water resources without having a significant adverse effect on the environment due to soil erosion, flood, landslide or similar other reasons. The Local Governance Act 1998 provided the rights to perform the activities related to disaster risk reduction to the then local agencies (Village 19Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Development Committee, Municipality, and District Development Committees) and people as the most appropriate entry point to formulate and implement effective development plans at their areas. Additionally, it provided the rights to establish Environment Conservation and Disaster Management Fund at the District Development Committee, Village Development Committee, and Municipality level.. The Local Government Operation Act, 2018 has replaced the local governance act 1998. The Sub-section 2(p) of the Section 11 of Local Government Operation Act, 2018, has included functions of all stages of disaster risk reduction under the duty, responsibility and rights of rural and urban municipalities. This act has also included the activities related to the building construction permission, monitoring, and evaluation as per the National Building Code and Standard including the policy, plan, program formulation, implementation, monitoring, regulation and evaluation etc. related to safe community development under the duty, responsibility and rights of the rural and urban municipality. Similarly, the Building Act 1998 has a provision of forming a Building Construction Management Strengthening Committee to regulate the Building Construction work for reducing the possible damage on buildings by the earthquake, fire and other natural disasters. National Agriculture policy, 2004 has aimed to protect, promote, and utilize the Natural Resource, Environment, and Bio-Diversity. It has mentioned the establishment and operationalization of monitoring system for natural hazards, extreme rainfall, droughts, disease, insects and other natural hazards assessment and mobilization of agricultural relief.. In order to make peasants resilient to climate change and disasters, the current Agricultural Development Strategy (2015- 2035) has prioritized the activities for the establishment of early warning system on weather and climate, research on drought and flood resistant seeds, establishment of Peasants Welfare Fund, 20 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 promotion of agricultural insurance, storage of food, seeds and fodder, establishment of Preparedness and Responses Fund etc. In order to reduce the risk from fire in industries and businesses, Industry Policy, 2010 has made an arrangement of a modern fire brigade in industrial zone and corridor in coordination with rural / urban municipality, and rebate on income tax for the subsidy or financial help given by the industry during any natural disaster and social service. The Guidance Note - District Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning, 2011 has clearly assigned responsibilities to the all government agencies, Red Cross, National/ International non-government organizations, and UN agencies involved in the process of formulating disaster preparedness and response plan at the district level. Based on this, Disaster Preparedness and Responses Plans have been prepared and implemented in all districts. Nepal Road Safety Action Plan (2013- 2020) has a vision of reducing loss of life and property through the provision of safe road infrastructures and services backed with effective post-crash responses. This action plan has set various activities under five pillars such as road safety management, safer roads and mobility, safer vehicles, safer road-users, and post-crash response. National Disaster Response Framework, 2013 has clear arrangement for managing disaster preparedness, and post-disaster search, rescue and relief, assignment of responsibility and for effective coordination. The framework has also clear arrangement for the process of appealing international support for responses and its responsibility, its aspects to be considered, and the coordination of international support. The framework has also clear provision of clusters for sectoral coordination, mechanism for collection of disaster information and its impact, and mobilization during emergency. Identifying the priority activities of different timelines after disaster, it has identified post- disaster activities and assigned responsibilities. 21Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Besides these, there are few other regulations or directives already in practice to guide the activities of preparedness, responses and recovery. Among them, the major legal arrangements are the National Strategic Action Plan for Search and Rescue, 2014, Disaster Rescue and Relief Standard, 2007, Disaster Victims Resettlement Procedure 2014, Prime Minister Disaster Relief Fund Operation Regulations 2006, Post Disaster Corpse Management Guidelines 2011, the Government’s decision of 83 open areas in kathmandu valley, 2012, and Fire Brigade Operation and Management Procedure, 2010. National Health policy 2014, has adopted the holistic management policy for addressing health related negative impact caused by climate change through proper use of national network, mechanism and appropriate opportunity and preparation of a multi-sectoral plan to collaborate with all stakeholders as well as proper arrangement to coordinate and cooperate effectively with all stakeholders for the management of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation policy, 2015 provides policy level guidance for the post-disaster recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation. National Reconstruction Authority has been established to reconstruct the physical structures and settlements damaged by the April, 2015 earthquake, and for implementation plan formulation and coordination of reconstruction and rehabilitation program. Water Induced Disaster Management Policy 2015 has presented various policies to reduce the loss of life and property through prevention of water induced disasters like flood and landslide by structural and non-structural technology and for sustainable use of infrastructures like natural resources, drinking water, water transport, irrigation, road transport etc. by conserving river, watershed and aquatic environment. 22 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 National Urban Development Strategy, 2016 has considered resilience among one of the five guiding principles for a balanced and prosperous urban future. This strategy has emphasized on integrating resilience in urban system and community plan formulation and development for building disaster risk adaptive city and community. In September 2015, 193 member countries of United Nations endorsed the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. The Government of Nepal has adopted those goals for inclusive long term development of the nation. The disaster risk reduction activities will support to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13 and 15 directly. The Government of Nepal has prepared and implemented Climate Change Policy, 2011, National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change 2010, and National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans for Action 2011, to address the impacts of extreme climatic events and climate change to implement adaptation actions and integrate climate change adaptation into the local development plan. The Climate Change Policy includes the issues for mitigating adverse effect of hazardous glacial lakes on priority basis based on the study of current situation of glaciers and glacial lakes, developing and implementing necessary mechanism and their regular supervision and strengthening of the working capacity for early warning and prevention by forecasting the water induced disaster and risk due to climate change. In October 2016, the new urban agenda adopted by the UN Habitat III for the housing and sustainable urban development has also envisaged adopting and implementing the disaster risk reduction and management, lessening crisis situation, building resilience and response capacity on natural and human-induced disaster, and cities promoting the climate change reduction and adaptation. 23Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 In March 2015, 187 member countries of United Nations have adopted Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 in the third world disaster reduction conference. It has set four priority areas and seven global targets for reduction of disaster risks and losses. Nepal also being a signatory state of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, has prepared this “Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 - 2030. 2.3 Process of formulating strategic action Plan The Government of Nepal has realized the need for new roadmap to move forward by replacing National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009 based on post-2015 global frameworks for disaster risk reduction and management. This National Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction has been prepared based on the experience gained through the implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009, the experiences and lessons from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Paris Agreement on Climate Change, Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai Framework. This will ensure active participation of all stakeholders in its implementation by identifying and mainstreaming risk sensitive activities in the development process of federal, provincial and local level for risk reduction. . A Working Committee led by the head of the Disaster Management Division of Ministry of Home Affairs was formed for the preparation of this strategic plan of action. It was comprised of the representatives from different government entities (Office of Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, National Planning Commission, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Health and Population, and Ministry of Forest and Environment) and development partners (Donor agency, Office of the UN Resident Coordinator, UNDP, Association of International Non- Governmental Organization Task Group on Disaster Management, Disaster Preparedness Network Nepal, Nepal Red Cross Society, and private sector). 24 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 The following six thematic working groups were formed under the working committee. 1. Productive Sector (Agriculture, Food Security and livelihood, Industry): Thematic lead - Ministry of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supply. 2. Social Sector (Education, Health, Water Supply and Sanitation, Social Welfare): Thematic lead - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Health and Population. 3. Infrastructure Sector (Urban Development, Transportation, Irrigation, Energy, Housing and Cultural Heritage): Thematic lead - Ministry of Urban Development, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation. 4. Natural Resource and Environment Sector (Land Use, Forest and Environment): Thematic lead - Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Forest and Environment. 5. Gender and Social Inclusion and Governance Sector: Thematic lead - National Planning Commission, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Women, Children and Senior Citizen 6. Emergency Communication, Preparedness, Response and Recovery Sector: Thematic lead - Ministry of Home Affairs, Thematic co-lead - Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration These Thematic Working Groups consisted of the representatives from other concerned agencies of the Government of Nepal, Development Partners, UN Agencies, National / International Non-Governmental Organizations, Disaster Preparedness Network Nepal, Nepal Red Cross society and private sectors. These Thematic Working Groups have recommended strategic activities related to their sector to include in this strategic action plan by collecting 25Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 the suggestions through different stages of discussion and consultation meetings. As recommended by Sendai Framework, consultation workshops were organized at national, regional and district level with the participation of stakeholders of all sectors, where representatives from multi-stakeholders agencies provided recommendations to include in "National Policy and Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction” based on learned issues and challenges from their best practices identifying main problems and solutions. This strategic action plan has been given its final shape based on the views, advices and suggestions of all with broad discussion at different stages and level on the draft prepared by including the suggestions and recommendations of stakeholders’ consultation meetings, workshops and Thematic Working Groups. 26 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 27Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR DISASTER RISk REDUCTION Chapter 3 28 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 29Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 strategic action Plan for Disaster risk reDuction 3.1 introduction The strategic action plan for disaster risk reduction is a national document of the Government of Nepal with commitment for disaster risk reduction and management to support accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals by building disaster resilient community. This action plan has emphasized on the comprehensive approach of "Risk Reduction" in Disaster Management. While preparing the action plan, it has incorporated a comprehensive approach of Risk Reduction in Disaster Management in accordance with the international declarations and commitments such as Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, Asia Regional Plan adopted on Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2016, and the Cancun Declaration adopted by fifth meeting of Global Forum on Disaster Risk Reduction. This strategic action plan takes into account of the experiences gained from the implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009, experiences and lessons learned from recent major disasters including the Gorkha earthquake, and initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development Goals. The action plan has clearly defined four main priority areas, its supporting areas and strategic activities and assigned the responsibilities to various agencies. 3.2 guiding Principles The implementation of disaster risk reduction strategic action plan will be guided by the following principles: 30 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 1. The state has the primary responsibility to prevent, reduce and manage disaster risks. The state shall pursue international, regional and bilateral cooperation and partnership if deemed necessary. 2. The Government of Nepal shall pursue the disaster risk reduction and management work in participation and cooperation of its Federal, Provincial and Local level authorities, stakeholder organizations and communities, private sectors and international organizations.. 3. Disaster Risk Management shall aim at protecting persons and their property, health, livelihood and productive assets, as well as cultural and environmental assets, while promoting and protecting all human rights, including the right to development. 4. Disaster risk reduction and management shall be pursued with an all- of-society engagement and partnership. It also includes empowerment and inclusive, accessible and non-discriminatory participation, paying special attention to people disproportionately affected by disasters, especially the poorest. A gender, age, disability and cultural perspective shall be integrated in all policies and practices, and women and youth leadership shall be promoted. 5. The state shall ensure full engagement of all institutions of executive and legislative nature at federal, provincial and local levels and a clear articulation of responsibilities across public and private stakeholders to ensure mutual outreach, partnership, complementary in roles and accountability. 6. Local authorities and local communities shall be empowered to reduce disaster risk, including thorough resources, incentives and decision- making responsibilities, as appropriate. 7. Disaster risk reduction requires a multi-hazard approach and inclusive risk-informed decision-making based on the open exchange and dissemination of disaggregated data, including by sex, age and 31Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 disability, as well as on easily accessible, up-to-date, comprehensible, science-based, non-sensitive risk information, complemented by traditional knowledge. 8. There shall be coherence between Sustainable Development Goals, Food Security, Health Security, Climate Change Adaptation, Environment Management and Disaster Risk Reduction. 9. Local and specific characteristics of disaster risks shall be considered for the determination of measures to reduce disaster risk. 10. Disaster risk-informed public and private investments shall be increased to address underlying disaster risk factors and to contribute to sustainable development. 11. In the post-disaster recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, “Build Back Better” approach shall be followed to prevent the creation of and to reduce disaster risk. 12. Public education and awareness of disaster risk shall be increased. 13. Application of science and technology shall be promoted and local resources, materials, knowledge, skills and labor shall be used optimally in disaster risk reduction and management. 3.3 vision, expected outcome, goal and targets vision The long-term vision of the strategic action plan is to build a safer, adaptive and resilient nation from disaster risk for sustainable development. expected outcome The expected outcome of the Strategic Action Plan shall be to reduce disaster mortality and number of affected people substantially, and to mitigate the disaster risk and losses in livelihoods, health, assets, businesses and communities. 32 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 goal The goal of the strategic Action plan is to prevent new and reduce existing natural and non-natural disaster risks and losses significantly in life and property, health, livelihood and means of production, physical and social infrastructure, cultural and environmental heritage through identification of various strategic activities and formulation and implementation of the periodic and annual plan that prevent disaster risk, increase preparedness for response, rehabilitation and reconstruction and strengthen resilience. targets Analysis of last 45 years (1971- 2015) dataset maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of Nepal revealed that about 900 people (except roads accident) lose their life each year due to disasters. Similarly, in average about 6, 40,000 people are affected annually by the disasters whereas about 30, 000 houses get damaged or destroyed. Due to the roads accident only, every year about 2000 people lose their life and 13,000 people get injured in Nepal. The sectors more affected and damaged economically by the disaster are productive, social, and infrastructure. The analysis of the economic values of damage and losses during 1971-2010 showed that around 2% of GDP is lost every year due to disasters. Greater values of economic losses were reported by 1988 and 2015 earthquakes and floods of 1993, 2008 and 2017. About one-third GDP was lost due to 2015 Gorkha earthquake whereas 2017 Terai floods only resulted about 3% loss in GDP. This Strategic Action Plan has set the following targets on reducing disaster loss considering the targets set by Nepal on Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and School Sector Development Plan as well. 33Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 s.n. indicator baseline (average till 2015) short term ( by 2020) medium term (by 2025) long term (by 2030) 1. Substantially reduce national disaster mortality rate 1.1 Annual average disaster mortality (except roads accident) 900 400 300 225 1.2. Annual average mortality by roads accident 2,000 1,700 1,200 700 2. substantially reduce the number of disaster affected people nationally 2.1 Annual average number of families directly affected by disaster 132,000 110,000 80,000 65,000 2.2 Annual average number of injured people by disaster 1,800 1,600 1,100 900 2,3 Annual average number of people injured by road accident 13,000 11,000 8,000 5,000 2.4 Annual average number of houses damaged by disaster 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 3. significantly reduce the direct disaster economic loss in national gDP 3.1 Annual average direct disaster economic loss in national GDP 2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 34 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 s.n. indicator baseline (average till 2015) short term ( by 2020) medium term (by 2025) long term (by 2030) 4. substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, including through developing their resilience 4.1 Developing resilience of health facilities by retrofitting 750 900 1200 4.2 Developing resilience of classrooms by maintenance and retrofitting 19,500 25,000 30,000 4.3 Developing resilience of school buildings by retrofitting 750 1,250 1,750 4.4 Developing the model schools for disaster risk reduction among the existing schools 500 1,000 1,500 4.5 Developing resilience of public and Government buildings by retrofitting 2,500 5,000 7,000 4.6 Developing resilience of cultural heritages by retrofitting 130 200 300 4.7 Developing resilience of airports by retrofitting 7 14 21 35Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 s.n. indicator baseline (average till 2015) short term ( by 2020) medium term (by 2025) long term (by 2030) 4.8 Developing resilience of existing power houses and dams by retrofitting 21 56 91 4.9 Developing resilience of power sub-stations 42 112 182 4.10 Developing resilience of water supply structures by repairing and renovation 3000 4500 6000 4.11 Percentage of the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 25 40 60 4.12 Glacial Lake Outburst Flood risk reduction in high-risk glacial lakes (number) 2 3 5 7 4.13 Protection of riverbank by bio-engineering technique (kM) 1,675 4,500 7,225 10,000 4.14 Protection of Watersheds (Number) 3,346 3,900 4,448 5,000 4.15 Protection of lakes, Wetlands, and ponds (Number) 1,727 2800 3909 5000 36 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 s.n. indicator baseline (average till 2015) short term ( by 2020) medium term (by 2025) long term (by 2030) 4.16 Developing climate smart villages 50 113 170 4.17 Developing climate smart agriculture 150 333 500 5. Prepare disaster risk reduction strategy and action plan at provincial and local levels 5.1 The percentage of province and local levels having DRR strategy and action plan 100 100 100 5.2 Percentage of development of mechanism to increase inter and intra coordination and partnership between federal, provincial and local levels and stakeholders 100 100 100 5.3 Percentage of Government agencies involved in resource management and implementation for recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction based on “Build Back Better” principle 100 100 100 37Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 s.n. indicator baseline (average till 2015) short term ( by 2020) medium term (by 2025) long term (by 2030) 6. substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments 6.1 Percentage of the area that has established multi-hazards monitoring and early warning system in proportion to the total area of the country 50 70 100 6.2 Percentage of population receiving early warning via local or national information system in proportion to the population of disaster affected area 20 50 80 100 6.3 Percentage of local levels in disaster risk prone areas having forecast based preparedness plan 100 100 100 38 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 s.n. indicator baseline (average till 2015) short term ( by 2020) medium term (by 2025) long term (by 2030) 6.4 Percentage of local levels capable of disseminating locally useful disaster risks information and assessment to the general people 20 50 100 6.5 Percentage of population evacuated to safe places from disaster prone areas after receiving early warning 25 50 100 100 3.4 Priority areas The Strategic Action Plan has adopted holistic approach to support sustainable development by mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in the development process. Taking Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction as a main guidance, this action plan has identified 4 priority areas and 18 priority actions. Under each Priority Action, the following Strategic Activities are proposed for 2018 to 2020 as short-term, 2018 to 2025 as medium-term, 2018 to 2030 as long-term and continuous for those which are implemented regularly. Priority Area 1: Understanding Disaster Risk Priority Action 1: Hazard-wise Assessment of Risk Priority Action 2: Inter-Agency Coordination for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment 39Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Priority Action 3: Development of Effective Disaster Management Information System and Information Dissemination Priority Action 4: Capacity Building for Understanding Disaster Risk Priority Area 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal, Provincial and Local Level Priority Action 5: Establishing and Strengthening Organizational Structures Priority Action 6: Developing Legal and Regulatory Frameworks Priority Action 7: Capacity Building, Collaboration and Partnership for Disaster Risk Governance Priority Action 8: Ensuring Inclusiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction Priority Area 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and Public Investments in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience Priority Action 9: Promoting Investment for Building Resilience Priority Action 10: Promoting Public Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction Priority Action 11: Promoting Private Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction Priority Action 12: Increasing Disaster Resilience through Risk Transfer, Insurance and Social Security Priority Area 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to “Build Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Priority Action 13: Strengthening Disaster Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response Priority Action 14: Development of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Disaster Preparedness Priority Action 15: Promoting Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction 40 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Priority Action 16: Strengthening Communication and Dissemination System for Disaster Preparedness Priority Action 17: Capacity Building for Search and Rescue Priority Action 18: Promoting” Build Back Better” Approach in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Right identification of disaster risk is a first step towards risk reduction. It will guide the decision processes related to disaster risk reduction in a proper way. In addition, it will rightly guide effective preparedness for responses. The Figure 1 presents priority areas for disaster risk reduction in Nepal and how comprehensive understanding of disaster risk guides other priority areas. Priority Area 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal Provincial and Local Level. Priority Area 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and Public Investments in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience. Priority Area 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to "Build Back Better" in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. Priority Area 1: Understanding Disaster Risk Comprehensive understanding of disaster risk through common national framework for risk assessment. Figure 1 Priority Areas for Disaster Risk Reduction in Nepal 41Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 PRIORITy AREA 1: UNDERSTANDING DISASTER RISk Chapter 4 42 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 43Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Priority area 1: unDerstanDing Disaster risk Understanding disaster risks requires better information, especially how risks associated with natural and non-natural hazards interact with communities that are facing rising exposure to these hazards. Since most ministries, departments, provincial and local governments have very limited information about their exposure to natural and non- natural hazards and impact of risks, realizing the priority area on understanding risk, it is necessary to adopt new approaches that help to make decisions on reducing risks. For risk assessments and information, following internationally agreed approach in Nepal, it is necessary to include mainly three elements of risk: hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Impact Modeling and Risk Assessment can be done for understanding disaster risk. Impact modeling is the estimation of an impact on individuals, structures, livelihoods etc. by any hazard while risk assessment is the aggregation of the impacts of all potential events. The risk assessment allows determining the annual average loss and probable maximum loss from individual or multiple hazards. The decision makers can take appropriate decision before any incident occurs based on the result of Impact Modeling. Impact models can be very useful for financial planning and protection, prioritizing investment for disaster risk reduction and cost-benefit analysis of various risk reduction options. They are the basis for preparedness, focus risk reduction investment, and formulate and implement policies that prevent the creation of new risks. To undertake effective risk assessment, data must be open and easily available legally and technically. While analyzing such data using open source 44 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 technology, they must be able to be reused, reprinted, and redistributed without cost. Data needs to be collected, analyzed, and curated by the people facing the risks. Only through this process of having the data been available to all and curated by those who are potentially affected can behavior fully change. As per the nature of hazard, it is necessary to conduct risk assessment and mapping in Nepal for each hazard including risk related information covering knowledge on vulnerability and capacity, and social, economic and demographic information. The disaggregated data should be collected based on gender, age, disability, and other indicators. Comprehensive database system on hazard, vulnerability, and capacity is still to be developed regarding at the national and local level. Similarly, integrated disaster risk information dissemination system, and capacities for judicial use of media and the modern information technologies have not been fully developed. Identification of disaster risk and its monitoring is still remained to be institutionally strengthened. Addressing these issues, for increased understanding of disaster risk, the strategic activities are selected for Short Term (2018-2020), Medium Term (2018-2025), Long Term (2018-2030) and Continuous for those activities that need to be done continuously under the following Priority Actions. a. Hazard-wise Risk Assessment b. Inter-Agency Coordination for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment c. Development of Effective Disaster Management Information System and Information Dissemination d. Capacity Building for Understanding Disaster Risk 45Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 4. 1. H az ar d- w is e r is k as se ss m en t In N ep al , ba se d on t he n at ur e of h az ar d, i t is n ec es sa ry t o co nd uc t th e ex po su re , vu ln er ab ili ty a nd r is k as se ss m en t a nd m ap pi ng fo r e ac h ha za rd a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly. L an d us e zo ni ng b as ed o n R is k S en si tiv e La nd U se P la n is a ls o ne ce ss ar y. T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s el ec te d fo r t he h az ar d- w is e ris k as se ss m en t. R oa ds A cc id en t R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h R ea l T im e R oa d S ur ve ill an ce S ys te m in po te nt ia l a re as o f r oa ds ac ci de nt R ea l-t im e in fo rm at io n on ro ad ac ci de nt s w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts H az ar d A ss es sm en t, m ap pi ng a nd d el in ea tio n of h az ar do us z on e by id en tif yi ng p ot en tia l a re as of ro ad a cc id en t a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly H az ar d m ap o f t he ro ad a cc id en t w ill be a va ila bl e S ho rt te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts 46 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Ep id em ic s R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h R ea l T im e O ut br ea k an d D is ea se S ur ve ill an ce S ys te m R ea l-t im e in fo rm at io n on e pi de m ic s w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al ; P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en ts H az ar d as se ss m en t, m ap pi ng a nd d el in ea tio n of h az ar do us a re as fo r ep id em ic s pr on e ar ea s an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly E pi de m ic H az ar d M ap w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r e pi de m ic p ro ne ar ea s S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al ; P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en ts A ss es s th e ex po su re a nd vu ln er ab ili ty o n th e ba si s of s ex , a ge a nd d is ab ili ty in e pi de m ic p ro ne ar ea s us in g ge o- s pa tia l te ch no lo gy a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly D is ag gr eg at ed da ta o f e pi de m ic ex po su re a nd vu ln er ab ili ty w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n an d M in is try of H om e A ffa irs o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al ; P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en ts 47Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C om pl et e th e ep id em ic ris k as se ss m en t a nd m ap pi ng fo r e pi de m ic s pr on e ar ea s an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly In fo rm at io n on ep id em ic ri sk le ve l(H ig h, m ed iu m an d av er ag e) in a n op en s ou rc e fo rm at w ill b e av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n an d M in is try of H om e A ffa irs o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al Ea rt hq ua ke R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv iti es Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E xp an d an d m od er ni ze na tio nw id e ne tw or k of R ea l-T im e E ar th qu ak e M on ito rin g S ys te m C on tin uo us ea rth qu ak e in fo rm at io n w ill b e av ai la bl e na tio nw id e C on tin uo us D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al A ss es sm en t, M ap pi ng an d de lin ea tio n of ha za rd ou s ar ea s of ea rth qu ak e ha za rd a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly E ar th qu ak e ha za rd as se ss m en t a nd m ap s w ill b e av ai la bl e at n at io na l an d lo ca l l ev el S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , U ni ve rs iti es , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 48 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv iti es Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y A ss es sm en t, M ap pi ng an d de lin ea tio n of ha za rd ou s ar ea s of s oi l liq ue fa ct io n an d m ak e th em p ub lic ly a va ila bl e S oi l l iq ue fa ct io n as se ss m en t a nd m ap s w ill b e av ai la bl e at fe de ra l, pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l le ve l S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , U ni ve rs iti es , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts A ss es s ge o- re fe re nc ed ea rth qu ak e ex po su re an d vu ln er ab ili ty fo r ea rth qu ak e pr on e in fra - st ru ct ur es , a nd s he lte rs ba se d on s ex , a ge a nd di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly Th e di sa gg re ga te d da ta o f e ar th qu ak e ex po su re a nd vu ln er ab ili ty w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, an d th e D ep ar tm en t o f M in es an d G eo lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s E ar th qu ak e R is k A ss es sm en t a nd m ap pi ng o f t he ea rth qu ak e vu ln er ab le in fra st ru ct ur es , h is to ric al an d cu ltu ra l h er ita ge s, sh el te rs , s ch oo l, ho sp ita ls , h ea lth p os ts , an d w at er s up pl y st ru ct ur es a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly In fo rm at io n on ea rth qu ak e ris k le ve l (H ig h, m ed iu m a nd lo w ) i n a n op en so ur ce fo rm at w ill b e av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, M in is try of U rb an D ev el op m en t, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy a nd D ep ar tm en t o f A rc ha eo lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en ts 49Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv iti es Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re e ar th qu ak e ris k se ns iti ve la nd - u se pl an s an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly Th e ea rth qu ak e ris k se ns iti ve la nd us e pl an s w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv e of G ov er nm en t of N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es an d de pa rtm en ts o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts La nd sl id e R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h R ea l – Ti m e La nd sl id e M on ito rin g S ys te m a nd m ak e it pu bl ic ly a va ila bl e R ea l-t im e in fo rm at io n on la nd sl id e w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc e an d Irr ig at io n of G ov er nm en t of N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n a nd W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts 50 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y H az ar d as se ss m en t, m ap pi ng a nd d el in ea tio n of t he m aj or la nd sl id e pr on e ar ea s a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly La nd sl id e ha za rd m ap w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc e an d Irr ig at io n of G ov er nm en t of N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n a nd W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , U ni ve rs iti es , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en ts A ss es s ge o re fe re nc ed ex po su re a nd v ul ne ra bi lit y of la nd sl id e pr on e in fra - st ru ct ur es , a nd s he lte rs ba se d on s ex , a ge , a nd di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly D is ag gr eg at ed d at a of la nd sl id e ex po su re an d vu ln er ab ili ty w ill be a va ila bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al /N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s, U ni ve rs iti es , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 51Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y La nd sl id e ris k as se ss m en t an d m ap pi ng fo r vu ln er ab le in fra - st ru ct ur es , s he lte rs , sc ho ol , h os pi ta ls , h ea lth po st s an d w at er s up pl y st ru ct ur es a nd m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly In fo rm at io n on la nd sl id e ris k le ve l (H ig h, m ed iu m a nd lo w ) i n a n op en so ur ce fo rm at w ill b e av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al /N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t of S oi l c on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s, U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts S oi l e ro si on a ss es sm en t an d, m ap pi ng fo r m aj or w at er sh ed s an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly S oi l e ro si on m ap s of m aj or w at er sh ed s w ill be a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 52 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re l an ds lid e ris k se ns iti ve la nd u se p la ns an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly La nd sl id e ris k se ns iti ve la nd u se pl an s w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv e of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t of S oi l c on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts Fl oo d R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E xp an d an d m od er ni ze R ea l- Ti m e W at er L ev el an d R ai nf al l O bs er va tio n S ys te m in m aj or fl oo d pr on e riv er b as in s R ea l-t im e da ta o n w at er le ve l o f m aj or riv er s an d ra in fa ll w ill be a va ila bl e C on tin uo us D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 53Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y Fl oo d ha za rd a ss es sm en t, m ap pi ng a nd d el in ea tio n of fl oo d pr on e ar ea s fo r m aj or fl oo d pr on e riv er s an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly Fl oo d ha za rd m ap s of m aj or fl oo d pr on e riv er s w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc e an d Irr ig at io n of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy a nd W at er a nd E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t A ss es s ge o- re fe re nc ed flo od e xp os ur e an d vu ln er ab ili ty fo r fl oo d ha za rd p ro ne in fra - st ru ct ur es a nd s he lte rs ba se d on s ex , a ge a nd di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly D is ag gr eg at ed d at a of fl oo d ex po su re a nd vu ln er ab ili ty w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s, U ni ve rs iti es , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts Fl oo d ris k as se ss m en t an d m ap pi ng fo r fl oo d vu ln er ab le in fra st ru ct ur es , sh el te rs , s ch oo ls , ho sp ita ls , h ea lth p os ts a nd w at er s up pl y st ru ct ur es an d pr ov id e th em p ub lic ly Th e in fo rm at io n on fl oo d ris k le ve l (H ig h, M ed iu m a nd Lo w ) i n an o pe n so ur ce fo rm at w ill b e av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, U ni ve rs ity , R es ea rc h C en te rs , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 54 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd im pl em en t flo od ri sk s en si tiv e la nd us e pl an s Fl oo d ris k se ns iti ve la nd u se p la ns w ill b e im pl em en te d Lo ng T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t S ys te m o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t Sn ow st or m , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al L ak e O ut bu rs t R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h R ea l T im e S no w , G la ci er a nd G la ci al L ak e O bs er va tio n S ys te m R ea l-t im e in fo rm at io n on S no w s to rm , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al La ke w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts H az ar d as se ss m en t, m ap pi ng a nd d el in ea tio n of th e m aj or S no w st or m , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al la ke a ffe ct ed a re as a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly H az ar d m ap o n po te nt ia l S no w s to rm , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al La ke O ut bu rs t w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts 55Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y A ss es s ge o- re fe re nc ed ex po su re a nd v ul ne ra bi lit y fo r t he s no w st or m , av al an ch e a nd g la ci al la ke o ut bu rs t h az ar d pr on e in fra -s tru ct ur es a nd sh el te rs b as ed o n se x, a ge an d di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly Th e di sa gg re ga te d da ta o n th e ex po su re an d vu ln er ab ili ty of S no w st or m , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al la ke O ut bu rs t w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d L oc al G ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s S no w st or m , A va la nc he an d G la ci al la ke O ut bu rs t R is k as se ss m en t a nd m ap pi ng fo r v ul ne ra bl e in fra - s tru ct ur es , h is to ric al an d cu ltu ra l h er ita ge s, sh el te rs , s ch oo l, ho sp ita ls , he al th p os ts , a nd w at er su pp ly s tru ct ur es a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly Th e in fo rm at io n on S no w st or m , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al la ke O ut bu rs t r is k le ve l (H ig h, M ed iu m a nd Lo w ) w ill b e av ai la bl e in a n op en s ou rc e fo rm at p ub lic ly M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d L oc al G ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs P re pa re S no w st or m , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al la ke O ut bu rs t r is k se ns iti ve la nd u se p la ns a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly Th e S no w st or m , A va la nc he a nd G la ci al la ke O ut bu rs t ris k se ns iti ve la nd u se pl an s w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv e of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts 56 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 C lim at ic R is ks (D ro ug ht , T hu nd er bo lt, W in ds to rm , H ea t W av e, C ol d W av e) St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed R es ul t Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tiv e A ge nc y E xp an d an d m od er ni ze R ea l- Ti m e w ea th er O bs er va tio n S ys te m C on tin uo us In fo rm at io n re la te d to w ea th er w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts A ss es sm en t, m ap pi ng a nd de lin ea tio n of h az ar do us ar ea s fo r t he m aj or c lim at ic ha za rd s an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly Th e ha za rd m ap o f m aj or c lim at ic h az ar ds w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , A lte rn at iv e E ne rg y P ro m ot io n C en te r, W at er an d E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t, D ep ar tm en t of A gr ic ul tu re , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l g ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs A ss es s ge o- re fe re nc ed ex po su re a nd v ul ne ra bi lit y fo r t he c lim at ic h az ar d pr on e in fra -s tru ct ur es a nd sh el te rs b as ed o n se x, a ge an d di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly D is ag gr eg at ed d at a on c lim at ic h az ar d ex po su re a nd vu ln er ab ili ty w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l g ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s 57Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed R es ul t Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tiv e A ge nc y C lim at ic ri sk a ss es sm en t an d m ap pi ng fo r v ul ne ra bl e in fra st ru ct ur es (I rr ig at io n, In du st ry , A gr ic ul tu re , H yd ro po w er , E ne rg y, Li ve st oc k, F or es t, W et la nd , w at er re se rv oi r, liv el ih oo ds , sc ho ol , h ea lth p os t a nd w at er s up pl y in fra st ru ct ur e et c. ), po pu la tio n an d sh el te rs a nd m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly In fo rm at io n on C lim at ic ri sk le ve l (H ig h, M ed iu m a nd lo w ) w ill b e av ai la bl e in an o pe n so ur ce fo rm at M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts P re pa re a nd im pl em en t th e C lim at ic R is k S en si tiv e La nd U se P la ns Th e C lim at ic R is k S en si tiv e la nd - us e pl an s w ill b e im pl em en te d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv e of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en ts 58 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Fi re a nd W ild fir e R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h R ea l T im e Fi re M on ito rin g S ys te m R ea l-T im e In fo rm at io n re la te d to fi re w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us Th e lo ca l g ov er nm en t, D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, R es ea rc h C en te rs D ev el op In fo rm at io n k it fo r a w ar en es s ra is in g ag ai ns t fi re i n th e m ai n in fra st ru ct ur e an d se rv ic es In fo rm at io n re la te d to fir e an d w ild fir e w ill b e av ai la bl e C on tin uo us M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t o H az ar d as se ss m en t, m ap pi ng a nd d el in ea tio n of th e ha za rd p ro ne a re a re la te d to fi re , w ild fir e an d an im al te rr or a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e p ub lic ly Fi re a nd W ild fir e H az ar d M ap s fo r fi re pr on e ar ea s w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 59Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y A ss es s G eo - r ef er en ce d ex po su re a nd v ul ne ra bi lit y fo r fi re a nd w ild fir e pr on e in fra st ru ct ur e an d sh el te rs - b as ed o n se x, a ge , a nd di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e p ub lic ly D is ag gr eg at ed d at a of fi re a nd w ild fir e ex po su re a nd vu ln er ab ili ty w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, an d B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t Fi re a nd w ild fir e ris k A ss es sm en t a nd m ap pi ng fo r i nf ra st ru ct ur e, s ch oo l, ho sp ita l, he al th p os t, go ve rn m en t a nd p riv at e bu ild in gs , i nd us tri al st ru ct ur es a nd s he lte rs an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly In fo rm at io n on fi re a nd w ild fir e ris k le ve l ( hi gh , m ed iu m a nd a ve ra ge ) at o pe n so ur ce fo rm at w ill b e av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t, M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv e of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, an d B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t P re pa re a nd im pl em en t fi re an d w ild fir e ris k se ns iti ve la nd u se p la ns Fi re a nd w ild fir e ris k se ns iti ve la nd us e pl an s w ill b e im pl em en te d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv e of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, an d B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 60 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 In du st ria l ( C he m ic al , R ad ia tio n) R is k St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y In du st ria l h az ar d as se ss m en t , m ap pi ng a nd de lin ea tio n of h az ar d pr on e ar ea s an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly In du st ria l h az ar d m ap w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f In du st ry , C om m er ce a nd S up pl y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t A ss es s ge o- re fe re nc ed ex po su re a nd v ul ne ra bi lit y fo r i nd us tri al h az ar d pr on e in fra st ru ct ur es a nd s he lte rs ba se d on s ex , a ge a nd di sa bi lit y an d m ak e th em av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly D is ag gr eg at ed da ta o n in du st ria l ha za rd e xp os ur e an d vu ln er ab ili ty w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f In du st ry , C om m er ce a nd S up pl y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t In du st ria l r is k as se ss m en t an d m ap pi ng fo r ris ky in fra st ru ct ur e, s ch oo l, ho sp ita l, he al th p os t, go ve rn m en t a nd p riv at e bu ild in gs , s he lte rs , a nd in du st ria l s tru ct ur es a nd m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly In fo rm at io n on In du st ria l r is k le ve l (H ig h, M ed iu m a nd A ve ra ge ) w ill b e av ai la bl e in a n op en so ur ce fo rm at M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f In du st ry , C om m er ce a nd S up pl y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, U ni ve rs iti es , C en tra l B ur ea u of S ta tis tic s 61Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd im pl em en t th e in du st ria l r is k se ns iti ve la nd -u se p la ns Th e In du st ria l R is k S en si tiv e La nd - us e pl an s w ill b e im pl em en te d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv e, M in is try o f In du st ry , C om m er ce a nd S up pl y of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 62 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 4. 2 in te r- ag en cy c oo rd in at io n fo r m ul ti- H az ar d r is k as se ss m en t In N ep al , th e m ul ti- ha za rd r is ks a ss es sm en t an d m ap pi ng b as ed o n m ul tip le c rit er ia a re n’ t ad eq ua te . In th is c on te xt , an i nt er -a ge nc y co or di na tio n m ec ha ni sm i s ne ce ss ar y fo r m ul ti- ha za rd r is k as se ss m en t an d m ap pi ng . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s el ec te d fo r t hi s. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op a s ys te m to in st itu tio na liz e C om m on N at io na l F ra m ew or k fo r M ul ti- ha za rd R is k A ss es sm en t M ea ns , m et ho do lo gy , in st itu tio na l ar ra ng em en t a nd gu id el in es fo r M ul ti- ha za rd R is k A ss es sm en t w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e a nd A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t of N ep al /N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es an d D ep ar tm en ts o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , W at er a nd E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs E st ab lis h in te r a ge nc y m ec ha ni sm f or u ni fo rm ity on d at a co lle ct io n re la te d to h az ar d, e xp os ur e, vu ln er ab ili ty a nd ri sk U ni fo rm ity o n da ta co lle ct io n re la te d to ha za rd , e xp os ur e, vu ln er ab ili ty , a nd ri sk w ill b e es ta bl is he d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al /N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , C om m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 63Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct c om pr eh en si ve m ul ti- ha za rd ri sk as se ss m en t a nd m ap pi ng at F ed er al , P ro vi nc e an d th e lo ca l l ev el fo r in fra st ru ct ur es (H ou si ng , Irr ig at io n, In du st ry , A gr ic ul tu re , R oa d, A irp or t, hy dr op ow er , E ne rg y, L iv es to ck , F or es t, W et la nd , W at er R es er vo ir, Li ve lih oo ds , S ch oo l, H os pi ta l, H ea lth P os t, W at er S up pl y In fra st ru ct ur e et c. ), sh el te rs , a nd po pu la tio n In fo rm at io n on M ul ti- H az ar d R is k A ss es sm en t fo r t he im po rta nt in fra st ru ct ur e an d ho us in g w ill b e av ai la bl e pu bl ic ly in a n op en s ou rc e fo rm at S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e a nd af fa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es an d G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy 64 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re m ul ti- ha za rd ri sk se ns iti ve la nd u se p la ns an d m ak e th em a va ila bl e pu bl ic ly M ul ti ha za rd ri sk se ns iti ve la nd u se pl an s w ill b e a va ila bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv e, M in is try of H om e A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 65Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 4. 3 D ev el op m en t o f e ff ec tiv e D is as te r m an ag em en t i nf or m at io n sy st em a nd in fo rm at io n D is se m in at io n It is n ec es sa ry to w or k ef fe ct iv el y in N ep al fo r t he d ev el op m en t o f i nt eg ra te d in fo rm at io n di ss em in at io n sy st em an d bu ild in g th e ca pa ci ty f or t he p ro pe r us e of m ed ia a nd m od er n in fo rm at io n te ch no lo gy . Th e fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re d et er m in ed fo r t hi s. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut pu t Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y U til iz e di ffe re nt m ed ia (s oc ia l, pr in t, el ec tro ni cs , au di o vi su al ) e ffe ct iv el y to di ss em in at e th e ex is tin g an d em er gi ng d is as te r ris k In fo rm at io n on D is as te r R is k w ill be d is se m in at ed ex te ns iv el y C on tin uo us M in is try o f C om m un ic at io n an d In fo rm at io n Te ch no lo gy of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, L oc al G ov er nm en t, N ep al Te le co m m un ic at io ns A ut ho rit y, N ew sp ap er s, FM R ad io , T el ev is io n 66 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut pu t Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C ol la bo ra te w ith go ve rn m en t or ga ni za tio ns , c om m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , no n- g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , p ol iti ca l pa rti es a nd th ei r s is te r or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t a nd m ed ia fo r di sa st er ri sk in fo rm at io n sh ar in g fro m n at io na l t o lo ca l l ev el E xt en si ve co lla bo ra tio n fo r d is as te r r is k in fo rm at io n sh ar in g w ill b e es ta bl is he d C on tin uo us M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al /N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, N ep al Te le co m m un ic at io ns A ut ho rit y, C om m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , D ev el op m en t p ar tn er s, no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , p ol iti ca l pa rti es a nd th ei r s is te r or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t a nd m ed ia P re pa re c om m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n st ra te gy a nd p ro ce du re s fo r d is as te r r is k in fo rm at io n sh ar in g (in cl ud in g ap pl ic at io n of te ch no lo gi es s uc h as m ob ile a pp s, w eb si te , S M S , r ad io , t el ev is io n) at na tio na l, pr ov in ci al a nd lo ca l l ev el D is as te r r is k in fo rm at io n w ill be d is se m in at ed ef fe ct iv el y at a ll le ve ls S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f C om m un ic at io n an d In fo rm at io n Te ch no lo gy of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, N ep al Te le co m m un ic at io ns A ut ho rit y 67Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut pu t Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re c om m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n st ra te gy a nd p ro ce du re s fo r r is k in fo rm at io n sh ar in g w ith w om en , ch ild re n, e ld er ly a nd di sa bl ed p eo pl e, s tu de nt s an d ot he r v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps R is k in fo rm at io n w ill b e sh ar ed w ith w om en , c hi ld re n, el de rly a nd d is ab le d pe op le , s tu de nt s an d ot he r v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f C om m un ic at io n an d In fo rm at io n Te ch no lo gy of G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, N ep al Te le co m m un ic at io ns A ut ho rit y E st ab lis h au th or ita tiv e, op en , g eo gr ap hi c in fo rm at io n sy st em ba se d D is as te r R is k In fo rm at io n M an ag em en t S ys te m b as ed a t n at io na l. pr ov in ci al a nd lo ca l l ev el D is as te r R is k In fo rm at io n M an ag em en t S ys te m w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r d is as te r r is k in fo rm at io n at a ll le ve ls M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al /N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, L oc al G ov er nm en t P ro m ot e bi la te ra l, re gi on al , a nd in te rn at io na l co op er at io n in d is as te r ris k in fo rm at io n sh ar in g R is k in fo rm at io n w ill be a va ila bl e ac ro ss th e bo rd er Lo ng T er m M in is tri es o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f Fo re ig n A ffa irs C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t 68 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 4. 4 ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g fo r u nd er st an di ng D is as te r r is k Va rio us a ct iv iti es l ik e st ud ie s, t ea ch in g, r es ea rc h an d tra in in g pr og ra m s ar e ne ed ed t o bu ild c ap ac ity f or un de rs ta nd in g di sa st er r is k in N ep al . I t i s ne ce ss ar y to e nh an ce c ap ac ity o f e xi st in g tra in in g ce nt er s an d to es ta bl is h tra in in g an d re se ar ch c en te rs fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n fro m n at io na l t o th e lo ca l l ev el . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re d ec id ed fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y In st itu tio na liz e th e st ud y, te ac hi ng , a nd re se ar ch sy st em b ui ld in g di sc ip lin e w is e, s ub je ct w is e an d in te r-d is ci pl in ar y cu rr ic ul um o f d iff er en t as pe ct s of D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t f ro m s ch oo l to th e un iv er si ty le ve l cu rr ic ul um U nd er st an di ng o n D is as te r R is k w ill be i nc re as ed w ith de ve lo pm en t o f s ki lle d hu m an re so ur ce s in th e ar ea o f D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , U ni ve rs iti es C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , pr ov in ce G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on du ct re gu la r r oa ds sa fe ty e du ca tio n pr og ra m s fo r p ro fe ss io na l d riv er s C ap ac ity o f t he pr of es si on al d riv er s w ill b e de ve lo pe d to re du ce ro ad a cc id en t S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 69Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct tr ai ni ng p ro gr am s by d ev el op in g cu rr ic ul um re la te d to d is as te r ris k re du ct io n fo r D al it, w om en , c hi ld re n, e ld er ly pe rs on s, d is ab le d pe op le , vu ln er ab le c om m un iti es , an d al l co nc er ne d st ak eh ol de rs C ap ac ity o f v ul ne ra bl e co m m un iti es , a nd al l co nc er ne d st ak eh ol de rs w ill be d ev el op ed o n un de rs ta nd in g di sa st er ri sk S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t D is se m in at e in fo rm at io n ab ou t t he ro le o f s tu de nt s, pa re nt s, te ac he rs , he al th w or ke rs , d rin ki ng w at er s er vi ce p ro vi de r, co m m un ity b as ed or ga ni za tio ns , a nd co ns um er s, in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n, p ro vi de tra in in g an d ex ch an ge ex pe rie nc es a t d iff er en t le ve l C ap ac ity o f s tu de nt s, pa re nt s, te ac he rs , he al th w or ke rs , dr in ki ng w at er s er vi ce pr ov id er , c om m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , an d co ns um er s w ill b e de ve lo pe d on u nd er st an di ng D is as te r R is k S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y, M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try of F ed er al a ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, co m m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns 70 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y O rie nt th e m em be rs o f po lit ic al p ar tie s an d th ei r si st er o rg an iz at io ns , e le ct ed pe op le ’s re pr es en ta tiv es , fo ca l p er so ns o f t he li ne ag en ci es , o rg an iz at io ns w or ki ng o n D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n ab ou t D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ct , re gu la tio ns , p ol ic y, s tra te gi c ac tio n pl an D ec is io n m ak in g pr oc es s w ill b e ef fe ct iv e w ith c om pr eh en si ve kn ow le dg e on le ga l an d re gu la to ry ar ra ng em en t f or D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs an d G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C ol la bo ra te w ith c om m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , n on - go ve rn m en t o rg an iz at io ns an d ot he r s ta ke ho ld er s fo r d ev el op in g an d im pl em en tin g th e aw ar en es s ris in g pr og ra m s on d is as te r ris k re du ct io n D is as te r r is k re la te d aw ar en es s ri si ng ac tiv iti es w ill be c on du ct ed w ith w id es pr ea d co lla bo ra tio n S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs an d G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, co m m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns a nd o th er st ak eh ol de rs P ro vi de tr ai ni ng to th e bu si ne ss m en , p ro fe ss io na ls , en tre pr en eu rs , a nd in du st ria lis ts a bo ut di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n an d en co ur ag e th em fo r ac co un ta bi lit y, p ar tic ip at io n an d re sp on si bi lit y Th e pr iv at e se ct or w ill be r es po ns ib le b ei ng w el l i nf or m ed a bo ut di sa st er ri sk S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs an d G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, N ep al C ha m be r o f C om m er ce an d In du st ry 71Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op a nd im pl em en t co m pr eh en si ve n at io na l an d lo ca l l ev el p ro gr am s fo r a w ar en es s ris in g an d tra in in g on d is as te r r is k A w ar en es s w ill b e in cr ea se d o n di sa st er ris k S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, co m m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns , no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns a nd o th er st ak eh ol de rs S tre ng th en c ap ac ity o f ex is tin g tra in in g ce nt er s on di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t C ap ac ity o f t he ex is tin g tra in in g ce nt er s w ill b e st re ng th en ed in di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al Po lic e, tr ai ni ng in st itu te s D ev el op c ap ac ity o f d riv in g sc ho ol s C ap ac ity o f t he dr iv in g sc ho ol s w ill be s tre ng th en ed to re du ce r oa d ac ci de nt s S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f G ov er nm en t of N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 72 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct c ap ac ity de ve lo pm en t p ro gr am fo r s ta ke ho ld er s an d pr of es si on al s o n ha za rd , vu ln er ab ili ty a nd ri sk as se ss m en t, in te rp re ta tio n an d up da tin g, ri sk s en si tiv e la nd -u se p la n pr ep ar at io n an d di sa st er im pa ct as se ss m en t a t t he F ed er al , P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al le ve l C ap ac ity w ill b e st re ng th en ed o n ris k as se ss m en t, in te rp re ta tio n an d up da tin g Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, W at er an d E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t, D ep ar tm en t of S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, U ni ve rs iti es , r es ea rc h ce nt er s C on du ct re se ar ch a nd de ve lo pm en t o n th e is su es , pr ob le m s an d so lu tio ns o f D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d C lim at e C ha ng e A da pt at io n N ew T ec hn ol og y an d A pp ro ac h w ill b e de ve lo pe d fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n A da pt io n an d C lim at e C ha ng e A da pt at io n Lo ng T er m U ni ve rs iti es , I ns tit ut e of E ng in ee rin g, N ep al A ca de m y of S ci en ce an d Te ch no lo gy , N ep al A gr ic ul tu ra l R es ea rc h C ou nc il C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al A dm in is tra tiv e S ta ff C ol le ge , L oc al D ev el op m en t T ra in in g A ca de m y, D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy 73Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 PRIORITy AREA 2: STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISk GOVERNANCE AT FEDERAL, PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL LEVELS Chapter 5 74 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 75Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Priority area 2: strengtHening Disaster risk governance at feDeral, Provincial anD local levels Strengthening disaster risk governance is considered as cornerstone of the efforts to understand, reduce and manage the risks. Disaster risk governance entails mechanisms, institutions and processes for citizens to articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights and obligations, and mediate their differences in disaster risk reduction and management. This means ensuring that sufficient levels of capacity and resources are made available to prevent, prepare for, manage and recover from disasters. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030 identifies disaster risk governance at different levels which is of great importance for an effective and efficient management of disaster risk. It also requires clear vision, plans, competence, guidance, and coordination within and across all sectors as well as participation of relevant stakeholders. Strengthening the disaster risk governance system is necessary to foster the collaboration and partnership for the implementation of disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. It is necessary to emphasize on the following to strengthen disaster risk governance. a. Mainstream and integrate disaster risk reduction within and across all sectors and promote the coherence and development of relevant laws, regulations and public policies. It must guide both the public and private sectors that clearly spells out the roles and responsibilities. It must address Disaster Risk in publicly owned, managed, or regulated services and infrastructures. It must encourage actions by persons, households, communities or businesses. It has to enhance relevant 76 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 mechanism and initiatives for disaster risk transparency. It must put in place coordination and organizational structures. b. Adopt and implement disaster risk reduction strategies and plans, across all levels. c. Carry out assessment of the technical, financial and administrative disaster risk management capacity to deal with the identified risks at different levels. d. Promote necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels of compliance with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and regulations, including those addressing land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and resource management and health and safety standards, and update them, where needed. e. Develop and strengthen mechanisms to periodically review and assess the progress on various disaster management plans as well as encourage institutional debates including by people’s representatives, parliamentarians and relevant officials, on disaster risk reduction plans. f. Assign clear roles and tasks to community representatives for disaster risk management through relevant legal frameworks and clear responsibilities. g. Establish and strengthen government coordination forum composed of relevant stakeholders at the national and local levels, such as national and local platforms for disaster risk reduction. h. Empower local authorities to collaborate and coordinate with civil society, communities, political parties and their sister organizations, indigenous people and migrants in disaster risk management at the local level. i. Promote discussion and debate with parliamentarians for relevant legislation and budget allocation for disaster risk reduction. j. Promote the development of quality standards, such as certifications and awards for disaster risk management, with the participation of the private sector, civil society, professional associations, scientific organizations and United Nations. 77Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 k. Formulate relevant public policies and laws aimed at addressing issues of prevention or relocation, where possible, of human settlements in disaster risk zones. Pursuing this Priority Area entails successfully reducing risk by implementing the Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in an integrated manner, within development sectors, social and economic development planning processes and practices, in order to reduce the existing risks, and to prevent creation of new risks or loss and damage. Additionally, this priority area will contribute to strengthening resilient development providing incentives for safer development in low risk areas and dis-incentives for high- risk areas. Achieving this will include development of integrated disaster and climate risk screening method for its use in development project. These methods are intended to help ensure that all projects are adequately protected against natural hazards and they do not create new forms of disaster risk or exacerbate existing ones. They are intended to promote a systematic approach to analyze disaster and climate risk at the development project level. Nepal is one of the least urbanized but the fastest urbanizing countries in the world. It is necessary to update and implement building codes to reduce risk in urban areas. Additionally, provision of drainage system should be mandatory in urban development projects. It is necessary to establish and strengthen responsible agencies as per the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017 to prepare national programs, and establish a system to promote and guide the stakeholders from federal to the local level for disaster risk reduction. The policy related to Disaster Risk Management needs to be revised in accordance with context 78 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 and utility. The formulation of preparedness and emergency response plans and capacity development are necessary at all levels. Addressing the above mentioned needs to strengthen disaster risk governance in Nepal, the following priority actions are determined under this priority area. a. Establishment and Strengthening of Institutional Structures b. Formulation of Legal and Regulatory Framework c. Capacity Building, Collaboration and Partnership for Disaster Risk Governance d. Ensuring Inclusiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction 79Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 5. 1 es ta bl is hm en t a nd s tr en gt he ni ng o f i ns tit ut io na l s tr uc tu re s It is b ec om in g ch al le ng in g to b ea r t he in cr ea se d re sp on si bi lit ie s fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t by t he e xi st in g lim ite d st ru ct ur e of D is as te r M an ag em en t D iv is io n un de r th e M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs . A cc or di ng t o th e D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ct 2 01 7, it is n ec es sa ry t o es ta bl is h a hi gh po w er ed D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n, a nd re st ru ct ur in g an d st re ng th en in g of o rg an iz at io na l st ru ct ur es o f se ct or al m in is tri es a nd d ep ar tm en ts . I n th e co nt ex t of ad eq ua te r ig ht s pr ov id ed b y th e co ns tit ut io n to t he lo ca l l ev el , th e lo ca l l ev el h as a ls o to b e m ad e m or e re sp on si bl e in d is as te r r is k go ve rn an ce . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re d et er m in ed fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g ag en cy E st ab lis h N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A n in st itu tio na l ar ra ng em en t a t na tio na l l ev el w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r d is as te r ris k re du ct io n, pr ep ar ed ne ss a nd re sp on se . S ho rt Te rm O ffi ce o f t he P rim e M in is te r a nd C ou nc il of M in is te rs , M in is try of H om e A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 80 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g ag en cy Fo rm ul at e an d im pl em en t tim e bo un d ac tio n pl an at p ro vi nc ia l a nd th e lo ca l l ev el t o d ev el op D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t C om m itt ee a nd in st itu tio na l s tru ct ur e In st itu tio na l s tru ct ur es an d w or ki ng c ap ac ity w ill b e de ve lo pe d at pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l le ve l i n di sa st er ri sk go ve rn an ce . S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t E st ab lis h c oo rd in at io n m ec ha ni sm a t f ed er al , pr ov in ci al a nd lo ca l le ve l t o in te gr at e a nd im pl em en t th e co nc ep t o f D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t i n ev er y se ct or A c oo rd in at io n m ec ha ni sm w ill b e es ta bl is he d w ith c le ar re sp on si bi lit y in e ac h se ct or S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, L oc al G ov er nm en t 81Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g ag en cy E st ab lis h sp ec ia l f un d an d m on ito rin g m ec ha ni sm fo r re tro fit tin g of th e ex is tin g ris ky p ub lic s er vi ce , m ea ns o f l iv el ih oo d, a nd ph ys ic al in fra st ru ct ur es ( p ub lic , g ov er nm en t an d pr iv at e bu ild in gs , hy dr au lic s tru ct ur es , u rb an in fra st ru ct ur es , s ch oo l a nd ho sp ita l, st ad iu m , t he at er s, sh op pi ng m al ls , e tc .) Fi na nc ia l a rr an ge m en t an d ac co un ta bi lit y w ill b e es ta bl is he d in re tro fit tin g in fra st ru ct ur es . S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F in an ce , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, an d B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t A ss ig n a fo ca l p er so n, se ct io n or d iv is io n fo r di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n in S ec to ra l M in is tri es a nd D ep ar tm en ts A d ed ic at ed c en tra l un it w ill b e av ai la bl e in ev er y se ct or al m in is try an d de pa rtm en t f or di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n, S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en ts , a nd o th er ag en ci es 82 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g ag en cy E st ab lis h D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t C om m itt ee s in s ch oo ls a nd h os pi ta ls D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t i n sc ho ol s an d ho sp ita ls w ill b e ef fe ct iv e. S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t E st ab lis h E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te r a t P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l Le ve l Th e di sa st er pr ep ar ed ne ss a nd em er ge nc y re sp on se s w ill b e ef fe ct iv e at th e pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l le ve l. S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t E st ab lis h H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te r a t P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l L ev el E m er ge nc y he al th se rv ic e w ill b e ef fe ct iv e at th e pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l le ve l. S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 83Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g ag en cy Im pr ov e an d st re ng th en th e or ga ni za tio na l s tru ct ur e of m aj or d ep ar tm en ts , a nd m in is tri es d ire ct ly in vo lv ed in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t w ill b e ef fe ct iv el y in st itu tio na liz ed S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al E st ab lis h an d ac tiv at e a N at io na l R oa d S af et y C ou nc il A n in st itu tio na l ar ra ng em en t w ill be a va ila bl e fo r m on ito rin g an d co or di na tio n of ro ad sa fe ty a ct iv iti es . S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al E st ab lis h lo ad m on ito rin g an d co nt ro l m ec ha ni sm fo r tru ck s an d pa ss en ge r ve hi cl es A lo ad M on ito rin g an d C on tro l M ec ha ni sm w ill b e es ta bl is he d fo r tru ck s an d pa ss en ge r ve hi cl es . S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 84 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g ag en cy E st ab lis h R oa d S af et y U ni ts i n D ep ar tm en t of L oc al In fra st ru ct ur e D ev el op m en t a nd , A gr ic ul tu re R oa ds , D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rt M an ag em en t, T ra ffi c Po lic e an d Lo ca l l ev el In st itu tio na l ar ra ng em en t w ill be a va ila bl e at th e D ep ar tm en t o f Lo ca l I nf ra st ru ct ur e D ev el op m en t an d A gr ic ul tu re R oa ds , D ep ar tm en t of T ra ns po rt M an ag em en t, Tr af fic Po lic e, a nd L oc al le ve l S ho rt Te rm D ep ar tm en t o f Lo ca l I nf ra st ru ct ur e D ev el op m en t a nd A gr ic ul tu re R oa ds , D ep ar tm en t o f T ra ns po rt M an ag em en t, Tr af fic Po lic e, L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e l G ov er nm en t 85Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 5. 2 fo rm ul at io n of l eg al a nd r eg ul at or y fr am ew or k Fe el in g th e ne ce ss ity o f c on te m po ra ry le ga l a nd p ol ic y ar ra ng em en t, th e le gi sl at iv e pa rli am en t h as e na ct ed D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ct , 20 17 t o ad dr es s th e m ul tip le d im en si on s of d is as te r ris k re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t t ak in g in to a cc ou nt th e ex pe rie nc es b as ed o n ac tiv iti es p er fo rm ed fo llo w in g th e pa st le ga l a nd p ol ic y ar ra ng em en ts , an d m an ag in g al l a ct iv iti es o f d is as te r m an ag em en t i n a co lla bo ra tiv e an d ef fe ct iv e m an ne r t o pr ot ec t l ife , p ub lic a nd p riv at e pr op er ty , c ul tu ra l a ss et s, a nd p hy si ca l s tru ct ur e fro m na tu ra l a nd n on - n at ur al d is as te r. Im pl em en ta tio n of th e ac t r eq ui re s th e fo rm ul at io n of a re gu la tio n fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t. Th er e is a n ee d of le ga l a nd r eg ul at or y fra m ew or k to b e de ve lo pe d fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n at d iff er en t s ec to rs . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re p re se nt ed fo r t hi s. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n a nd M an ag em en t R eg ul at io ns fo r t he e ffe ct iv e im pl em en ta tio n of D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t a ct , 20 17 R eg ul at io ns w ill be p re pa re d fo r m an ag in g an d st re ng th en in g D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n a nd M an ag em en t go ve rn an ce S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 86 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t a ct io n pl an at p ro vi nc e an d lo ca l l ev el E ffe ct iv e D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t ac tio n pl an w ill b e pr ep ar ed at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re N at io na l R oa d S af et y st ra te gy a nd up da te th e ro ad s af et y ac tio n pl an N at io na l R oa d S af et y S tra te gy w ill b e pr ep ar ed a nd ro ad sa fe ty a ct io n pl an w ill be u pd at ed . S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, pr iv at e se ct or , no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed - C ro ss m ov em en t P re pa re R oa d S af et y A ud it m an ua l R oa d S af et y A ud it m an ua l w ill b e pr ep ar ed S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, L oc al G ov er nm en t, U ni ve rs iti es , r es ea rc h ce nt er s 87Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re D es ig n G ui de lin e fo r S af er R oa ds D es ig n G ui de lin e fo r sa fe r r oa ds w ill b e pr ep ar ed S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h ce nt er s R ev is e an d de ve lo p N ep al R oa d S ta nd ar d an d N ep al R oa ds S af et y C od es (f or 3 di ffe re nt e co lo gi ca l zo ne s) N ew c od es a nd st an da rd w ill b e pr ep ar ed fo r s af er ro ad s S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs E nf or ce th e us e of s ea t be lt, h el m et , a nd ru le s of pu bl ic tr an sp or t s af et y st ric tly a nd d ev el op co m pr eh en si ve c od e of co nd uc t fo r a ll ro ad u se rs R oa d ac ci de nt w ill b e re du ce d du e to a w ar e an d di sc ip lin ed ro ad us er s S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 88 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y U pd at e an d en fo rc e Th e B ui ld in g A ct , r ev is e B ui ld in g C od e fo r u rb an an d ru ra l ar ea s, a nd pr ep ar e re gu la tio n fo r th e bu ild in g co ns tru ct io n at ru ra l a nd u rb an m un ic ip al ity Po lic y ar ra ng em en t fo r fl oo d an d ea rth qu ak e re si st an t bu ild in g co ns tru ct io n w ill b e in p la ce S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts R ev ie w a nd re vi se ex is tin g st an da rd a nd co de s (E ar th qu ak e C od e, P la nn in g no rm s) fo r In fra st ru ct ur e P la n D es ig n an d P re pa ra tio n U pg ra de d co de , st an da rd a nd G ui de lin es w ill be p re pa re d fo r th e In fra st ru ct ur e P la n de si gn a nd fo rm ul at io n S ho rt Te rm C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h ce nt er s P re pa re g ui de lin es fo r r et ro fit tin g of ris ky in fra st ru ct ur es (R es id en tia l B ui ld in gs , H ot el , A pa rtm en t, In du st ria l B ui ld in g, hi st or ic al a nd c ul tu ra l he rit ag es , s ch oo l, ho sp ita l, co m m un ity bu ild in g, s he lte r e tc .) R et ro fit tin g G ui de lin es fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n of ri sk y in fra st ru ct ur es w ill be a va ila bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l g ov er nm en ts , U ni ve rs iti es , I ns tit ut e of E ng in ee rin g 89Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op g ui de lin es fo r m ai ns tre am in g di sa st er ris k re du ct io n in to s ec to ra l de ve lo pm en t p la ns G ui de lin es fo r m ai ns tre am in g D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n in to se ct or al d ev el op m en t pl an s w ill b e pr ep ar ed S ho rt Te rm N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , M in is try of F in an ce , M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc ia l a nd Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts In co rp or at e D is as te r R is k Im pa ct A ss es sm en t i nt o E nv iro nm en t P ro te ct io n A ct a nd E nv iro nm en ta l Im pa ct A ss es sm en t G ui de lin es D is as te r R is k Im pa ct A ss es sm en t w ill b e in cl ud ed in to E nv iro nm en t P ro te ct io n A ct a nd E nv iro nm en ta l Im pa ct A ss es sm en t G ui de lin es S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F or es t a nd E nv iro nm en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc ia l a nd Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 90 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd in co rp or at e In iti al a nd C om pr eh en si ve R is k A ss es sm en t Fr am ew or k fo r de ve lo pm en t p ro je ct s fo r t he s el ec tio n of m aj or pr oj ec ts b as ed o n th e di sa st er a nd c lim at e ch an ge ri sk re la te d kn ow le dg e C om pr eh en si ve R is k A ss es sm en t Fr am ew or k w ill be p re pa re d fo r in cl ud in g cl im at e an d di sa st er ri sk re si st an t te ch no lo gy in m aj or pr oj ec ts S ho rt Te rm N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , M in is try of F in an ce , M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t In co rp or at e D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n in N at ur al R es ou rc e an d M an ag em en t r el at ed va rio us p ro gr am s an d ac tio n pl an D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n w ill b e in co rp or at ed in N at ur al R es ou rc e M an ag em en t r el at ed va rio us p ro gr am s an d ac tio n pl an S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F or es t a nd E nv iro nm en t, M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 91Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h a sy st em o f re w ar di ng t he e m pl oy ee s fo r t he ir sp ec ia l co nt rib ut io n in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t Th e pe rfo rm an ce of e m pl oy ee s w ill b e im pr ov ed du e to a s ys te m of re w ar di ng th e em pl oy ee s fo r t he ir sp ec ia l c on tri bu tio n in d is as te r r is k re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t S ho rt Te rm M in is tri es o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re a re gu la tio ns an d st an da rd o pe ra tin g pr oc ed ur es f or E m er ge nc y Fu nd a nd Fo od B an k at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l L ev el S ta nd ar d op er at in g pr oc ed ur es fo r E m er ge nc y Fu nd a nd Fo od B an k w ill b e av ai la bl e at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l L ev el fo r ac co un ta bi lit y , S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re a nd im pl em en t gu id el in es fo r t he se cu rit y of v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps a nd p re ve nt io n of ge nd er v io le nc e du rin g em er ge nc y Th e gu id el in es w ill b e pr ep ar ed an d im pl em en te d fo r th e s ec ur ity o f vu ln er ab le g ro up s an d pr ev en tio n of ge nd er v io le nc e du rin g em er ge nc y S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f W om en , C hi ld re n an d S en io r C iti ze ns , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 92 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re g ui de lin es fo r m ob ili za tio n of v ol un te er s fo r d is as te r r es po ns e at th e co m m un ity le ve l A g ui de lin e w ill b e av ai la bl e to fa ci lit at e m ob ili za tio n of vo lu nt ee rs d ur in g di sa st er S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , C om m un ity B as ed O rg an iz at io ns , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns a nd o th er st ak eh ol de rs R ev is e th e G ui de lin es fo r m ob ili za tio n of no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns fo r D is as te r P re pa re dn es s, R es po ns es , R ec ov er y, R ec on st ru ct io n an d R eh ab ili ta tio n M ob ili za tio n of no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio n in d is as te r M an ag em en t w ill be e ffe ct iv e an d tra ns pa re nt S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , pr ov in ce a nd Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts P re pa re g ui de lin es fo r w re ck ag e an d va rio us o th er w as ta ge m an ag em en t du rin g di sa st er A g ui de lin e w ill be p re pa re d fo r w re ck ag e an d w as ta ge m an ag em en t d ur in g di sa st er . S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 93Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y R ev is e th e S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s of N at io na l E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te r an d p re pa re S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s fo r E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs a t p ro vi nc e an d lo ca l l ev el Th e S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s of E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs w ill v e up da te d S ho rt Te rm M in is tri es o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s fo r H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs a t P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s w ill be a va ila bl e fo r H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs a t P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l le ve l S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re g ui de lin es de ve lo pi ng s ta nd ar ds fo r ef fe ct iv e P os t D is as te r S ea rc h an d R es cu e G ui de lin es w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r e ffe ct iv e S ea rc h an d R es cu e S ho rt Te rm Th e M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , C om m un iti es 94 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd re gu la rly up da te th e Lo ca l D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t P la ns fo r P ro vi nc ia l, Lo ca l a nd C om m un ity D is as te r M an ag em en t C om m itt ee s , S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s w ill be p re pa re d fo r E ffe ct iv e D is as te r P re pa re dn es s an d E m er ge nc y R es po ns es a t l oc al le ve l S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re i nt eg ra te d gu id el in es o f l oc al le ve l D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t a nd C lim at e C ha ng e A da pt at io n G ui de lin es a nd D ire ct iv es (C A PA , L D R M P, L A PA , D P R P ) In te gr at ed g ui de lin e w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r lo ca l l ev el D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t an d C lim at e C ha ng e A da pt at io n S ho rt Te rm M in is tri es o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try o f F or es t a nd E nv iro nm en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op n ew c od es a nd st an da rd s to d es ig n in fra st ru ct ur es f or di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n in co rp or at in g ne w te ch no lo gi es N ew c od e, s ta nd ar d an d te ch no lo gy w ill be a va ila bl e M ed iu m T er m U ni ve rs iti es a nd re se ar ch c en te rs , M in is tri es a nd D ep ar tm en ts re la te d to in fra st ru ct ur es C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 95Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re M as te r p la n fo r riv er m an ag em en t a nd w at er sh ed c on se rv at io n in m aj or ri ve r b as in o n th e ba si s of d is as te r r is k as se ss m en t M as te r p la n fo r W at er In du ce d D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n w ill be p re pa re d M ed iu m T er m W at er a nd E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t, M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc e an d Irr ig at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts P re pa re g ui de lin e fo r di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n on th e ba si s of G re en In fra st ru ct ur e an d E co sy st em B as ed A da pt at io n A g ui de lin e w ill b e pr ep ar ed fo r d is as te r ris k re du ct io n on th e ba si s of G re en In fra st ru ct ur e an d E co sy st em B as ed A da pt at io n M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F or es t a nd E nv iro nm en t, M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts P re pa re th e D ire ct iv es an d G ui de lin es fo r se ar ch a nd re sc ue o f a n in di vi du al , v eh ic le a nd go od s af fe ct ed b y ro ad ac ci de nt Th e di re ct iv es a nd gu id el in es fo r s ea rc h an d re sc ue o f a n in di vi du al , v eh ic le an d go od s af fe ct ed by ro ad a cc id en t w ill be p re pa re d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l Le ve l G ov er nm en ts 96 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re D ire ct iv es an d G ui de lin es fo r co ns tru ct in g h yd ra ul ic st ru ct ur es to re du ce fl oo d ris k D ire ct iv es a nd G ui de lin es w ill be p re pa re d fo r co ns tru ct in g hy dr au lic s tru ct ur es to re du ce fl oo d ris k M ed iu m T er m W at er a nd E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t, M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc e an d Irr ig at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l Le ve l G ov er nm en ts D ev el op a p ro vi si on fo r r eg ul at io n, en co ur ag em en t, an d di sc ou ra ge m en t f or th e im pl em en ta tio n of ri sk se ns iti ve la nd u se p la n Th e pl an s w ill b e pr ep ar ed a t a ll lo ca l le ve l f or h ou si ng an d p ro du ct iv e us e on th e ba si s of id en tifi ca tio n of h ig h, m ed iu m a nd lo w ri sk ar ea s M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv es , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t In te gr at e D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t i n pr iv at e se ct or ’s m an ag em en t pr ac tic es D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t w ill b e fo llo w ed in p riv at e se ct or s M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f I nd us try , C om m er ce a nd S up pl y, Fe de ra tio n of N ep al es e C ha m be rs o f C om m er ce an d In du st ry , M in is try of C ul tu re , T ou ris m a nd C iv il A vi at io n C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 97Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re g ui de lin es fo r bi rd s an d an im al s ca re du rin g di sa st er G ui de lin es fo r b ird s an d an im al s ca re w ill be p re pa re d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try of H om e A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t P re pa re g ui de lin es to m an ag e co ld w av e an d he at w av e G ui de lin es fo r e ffe ct iv e m an ag em en t o f co ld w av e an d he at w av e w ill b e pr ep ar ed Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, L oc al G ov er nm en t P re pa re g ui de lin es fo r N at ur al a nd C lim at ic D is as te r M an ag em en t G ui de lin es fo r e ffe ct iv e m an ag em en t o f N at ur al a nd C lim at ic D is as te r w ill b e pr ep ar ed Lo ng T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, lo ca l G ov er nm en t 98 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 5. 3 ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t, co ll ab or at io n an d Pa rt ne rs hi p fo r D is as te r r is k go ve rn an ce In th e co nt ex t o f t ra ns fo rm at io n of th e co un try ’s g ov er na nc e sy st em to th e fe de ra l s tru ct ur e, it is n ec es sa ry to tra ns fo rm th e di sa st er ri sk m an ag em en t g ov er na nc e sy st em a ls o in to fe de ra l s tru ct ur e an d de ve lo p th e co nc ep t of p ar tn er sh ip a nd c ol la bo ra tio n at fe de ra l, pr ov in ci al a nd lo ca l l ev el . I t i s ne ce ss ar y to b ui ld th e ca pa ci ty b y re vi ew in g an d ev al ua tin g th e ex is tin g ca pa ci ty in d is as te r r is k go ve rn an ce a t f ed er al , p ro vi nc ia l a nd lo ca l l ev el . Th e co lla bo ra tio n w ith n ei gh bo rin g co un tri es in d is as te r ris k re du ct io n ne ed s to b e en ha nc ed . In a dd iti on , it is n ec es sa ry t o de ve lo p co lla bo ra tio n an d pa rtn er sh ip w ith t he n at io na l/i nt er na tio na l no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns a nd r es ea rc h in st itu te s th at a re in vo lv ed in d is as te r ris k m an ag em en t. Th e st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es fo r i t a re g iv en b el ow . St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct c ap ac ity b ui ld in g pr og ra m s id en tif yi ng th e go ve rn an ce c ap ac ity in di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n at th e fe de ra l, pr ov in ce a nd th e lo ca l l ev el C ap ac ity in d is as te r ris k go ve rn an ce w ill b e de ve lo pe d th ro ug h th e im pl em en ta tio n of ca pa ci ty d ev el op m en t pr og ra m s S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e, a nd lo ca l G ov er nm en t 99Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h th e ne tw or k of th e go ve rn m en t a nd n on - go ve rn m en t a ge nc ie s in vo lv ed in d is as te r r is k re du ct io n an d R ed C ro ss m ov em en t a t t he fe de ra l, pr ov in ce a nd th e lo ca l l ev el W id er s ta ke ho ld er ’s pa rti ci pa tio n w ill b e ac hi ev ed a t a ll le ve ls fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n th or ou gh in st itu tin g th e ne tw or k of g ov er nm en t a nd no n- go ve rn m en t ag en ci es S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e, a nd lo ca l G ov er nm en t, no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , in te rn at io na l n on - go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, R es ea rc h In st itu tio ns C on du ct tr ai ni ng o n C lim at e an d D is as te r R is k Im pa ct A ss es sm en t m et ho d H um an re so ur ce w ill be d ev el op ed fo r th e C lim at e an d D is as te r R is k A ss es sm en t b y co nd uc tin g tr ai ni ng S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try o f Fo re st a nd E nv iro nm en t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , na tio na l a nd in te rn at io na l no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, U ni ve rs iti es an d re se ar ch c en te rs 100 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y S tre ng th en N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n P la tfo rm a nd e xp an d it in pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l l ev el Th e ex te ns iv e pa rti ci pa tio n of st ak eh ol de rs w ill b e ac hi ev ed in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , G ov er nm en t a ge nc ie s, no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , in te rn at io na l n on - go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, re se ar ch in st itu te s C ol la bo ra te w ith n at io na l an d in te rn at io na l no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , U ni ve rs iti es an d re se ar ch c en te rs , U ni te d N at io ns , d on or ag en ci es , a nd o th er s st ak eh ol de rs in d is as te r ris k re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t Th e ex te ns iv e co lla bo ra tio n w ill b e de ve lo pe d in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , na tio na l a nd in te rn at io na l no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, U ni ve rs iti es an d re se ar ch c en te rs , U ni te d N at io ns , d on or ag en ci es a nd o th er st ak eh ol de rs P ro m ot e th e tra ns - bo un da ry a nd in te rn at io na l co op er at io n in D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t Th e in fo rm at io n ac ro ss th e bo rd er w ill b e av ai la bl e on im pe nd in g di sa st er M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F or ei gn A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , O ffi ce o f t he P rim e M in is te r a nd C ou nc il of M in is te rs C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 101Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 5. 4 en su ri ng in cl us iv en es s in D is as te r r is k r ed uc tio n W om en , c hi ld re n, s en io r c iti ze n, p er so ns w ith d is ab ili ty , a nd e co no m ic al ly a nd s oc ia lly m ar gi na liz ed c om m un ity an d in di vi du al s ar e th e m os t af fe ct ed b y th e di sa st er s. T he re is a n ee d to e ns ur e in cl us iv en es s of t he se gr ou ps b y in cr ea si ng th ei r a cc es si bi lit y, re pr es en ta tio n an d m ea ni ng fu l p ar tic ip at io n in v ar io us p ro ce ss es o f di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t. Th e fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es h av e be en a do pt ed fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y Im pl em en t g en de r s en si tiv e an d in cl us iv e ap pr oa ch in a ll th e pr oc es se s of D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t E ve ry s ec to r w ill h av e pu rs ue d ge nd er se ns iti ve a nd in cl us iv e di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n ap pr oa ch S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f W om en , C hi ld re n an d S en io r C iti ze n, M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t of N ep al A ll co nc er ne d m in is tri es o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l go ve rn m en t, no n- go ve rn m en t or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t E st ab lis h an d in st itu tio na liz e di sa st er ri sk co nc er n gr ou ps to p ro m ot e th ei r e m po w er m en t a nd pa rtn er sh ip b y in cr ea si ng pa rti ci pa tio n of th e m os t af fe ct ed , w ea k in re si lie nc e an d hi gh ly v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps in d is as te r r is k go ve rn an ce a ct iv iti es Pa rti ci pa tio n of di sa st er v ic tim s, a nd vu ln er ab le p er so n, fa m ily a nd c om m un ity w ill b e en su re d by es ta bl is hi ng c on ce rn gr ou ps a nd th ei r ne tw or ki ng a t t he co m m un ity le ve l S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en t, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , C om m un ity B as ed O rg an iz at io ns , P ol iti ca l Pa rti es a nd th ei r S is te r O rg an iz at io ns 102 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re G en de r E qu al ity an d S oc ia l I nc lu si on ac tio n pl an fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t a t e ac h le ve l an d se ct or Th e ac tio n pl an w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r g en de r eq ua lit y an d so ci al in cl us io n S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f W om en , C hi ld re n an d S en io r C iti ze n of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e go ve rn m en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en t, N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t C on du ct th e so ci al m ob ili za tio n pr og ra m s at lo ca l l ev el fo r ac ce ss ib ili ty , re pr es en ta tio n an d ef fe ct iv e pa rti ci pa tio n of th e ci tiz en s an d pe op le at -r is k in th e fo rm ul at io n of di sa st er ri sk m an ag em en t pr og ra m s an d po lic y S oc ia l m ob ili za tio n pr og ra m s w ill h av e be en c on du ct ed a t t he lo ca l l ev el fo r d is as te r ris k m an ag em en t S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al ad m in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , lo ca l g ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e go ve rn m en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , co m m un ity b as ed or ga ni za tio ns , p ol iti ca l pa rti es a nd th ei r s is te r or ga ni za tio ns D ev el op a nd im pl em en t sp ec ia l p ro gr am s on di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n on th e ba si s of p rio rit y fo r t he hi gh ly v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps su ch a s th e m ar gi na liz ed gr ou ps o f s oc ie ty , w om en , pe op le w ith d is ab ili ty , ch ild re n, a nd e ld er ly pe rs on s D is as te r r is k of w om en , c hi ld re n, el de rly p er so ns , pe rs on s w ith d is ab ili ty an d vu ln er ab le co m m un ity w ill b e re du ce d th ro ug h im pl em en ta tio n of sp ec ia l p ro gr am s Lo ng T er m M in is try o f W om en , C hi ld re n an d S en io r C iti ze n of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , N at io na l D is as te r R is k an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e go ve rn m en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en t, no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 103Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 PRIORITy AREA 3: PROMOTING COMPREHENSIVE RISk-INFORMED PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INVESTMENTS IN DISASTER RISk REDUCTION FOR RESILIENCE Chapter 6 104 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 105Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 Priority area 3- Promoting comPreHensive risk-informeD Private anD Public investments in Disaster risk reDuction for resilience Private and public investments are important in disaster risk prevention and mitigation through structural and non-structural measures in order to increase physical, economic, social, health and cultural resilience of the persons, community and nation. Such investment not only promotes disaster risk reduction and resilience but also develops infrastructure, increases production, and creates employment. These measures are also important for post-disaster rapid recovery and rehabilitation. Conservation of heritages like forest, water resources and land and retrofitting of the structural assets like schools, health services, private and public infrastructures increase disaster resilience. Risk sharing, poverty alleviation, promotion of income generation and the means of livelihoods are important for risk reduction and increasing resilience. The practice of disaster risk insurance is at initial stage in Nepal. The systems in practice elsewhere in the area of risk and compensation (for example, micro-insurance, reserved fund, risk grouping and social mobilization, micro- finance system, social security etc.) have not been established in Nepal, and hence the poor and marginalized families and groups are in high risk. Various financial mechanisms, for instance, annual budget allocation, emergency fund and insurance mechanism can be used to increase disaster resilience. 106 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 This priority area will address the following: 1. Reduce existing disaster risk by investment in increasing resilience 2. Prevent future risks by promoting private and public investment in disaster risk reduction The following priority actions are stated in this priority area: a. Promoting Investment in Increasing Resilience b. Promoting Public investment in Disaster Risk Reduction c. Promoting Private Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction d. Increasing Disaster Resilience Through Risk Sharing, Insurance and Social Security 107Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 6. 1 Pr om ot in g in ve st m en t i n in cr ea si ng r es ili en ce Th e ph ys ic al in fra st ru ct ur e, e du ca tio na l a nd h ea lth in st itu tio ns , n at ur al re so ur ce s, li ve lih oo d m ea ns a nd s ki lls , an d pr od uc tio n eq ui pm en t, pr op er ty a nd in ve st m en ts a re a ffe ct ed b y ea ch d is as te r. D is as te r vu ln er ab ili ty is in cr ea si ng in N ep al d ue t o lo ng t er m lo ss es o f th e m ea ns o f liv el ih oo d of t he p oo r, de pr iv ed , la nd le ss , m ar gi na liz ed a nd in di vi du al a nd fa m ily d ep en de d on d ai ly w ag es . T he d is as te r re si lie nc e ca n be in cr ea se d by in cr ea si ng in ve st m en t i n pu bl ic s er vi ce s, m ea ns o f l iv el ih oo d, a nd c on st ru ct io n an d re tro fit tin g of p hy si ca l in fra st ru ct ur es . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s ta te d fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y In ve st in p ro gr am s an d tra in in gs re la te d to e m pl oy m en t, sk ill de ve lo pm en t a nd h ea lth se rv ic es a s pe r t he in te re st a nd n ec es si ty of w om en , c hi ld re n, an d ot he r b ac kw ar d co m m un iti es f or ra is in g th ei r l iv in g st an da rd D is as te r r es ili en ce of v ul ne ra bl e co m m un ity w ill b e in cr ea se d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d L oc al G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, D ev el op m en t P ar tn er s 108 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y In ve st in t he p ro gr am s in cr ea si ng th e m ar ke t ac ce ss o f t he g oo ds an d se rv ic es p ro du ce d by th e ec on om ic al ly w ea k, m ar gi na liz ed a nd de pr iv ed c om m un iti es o f di sa st er ri sk a re a D is as te r r es ili en ce of th e co m m un ity o f di sa st er r is k ar ea w ill be in cr ea se d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, D ev el op m en t P ar tn er s G iv e sp ec ia l a tte nt io n to im pr ov e S oc ia l se cu rit y, B as ic h ea lth , R ep ro du ct iv e he al th , C hi ld h ea lth , A do le sc en ts he al th a nd n ut rit io n in di sa st er ri sk a re a D is as te r r es ili en ce of th e co m m un ity o f di sa st er r is k ar ea w ill be in cr ea se d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try o f W om en , C hi ld re n an d S en io r C iti ze ns o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, D ev el op m en t P ar tn er s 109Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y Fo rm ul at e a c le ar p la n fo r r et ro fit tin g an d ot he r al te rn at iv es b y id en tif yi ng th e m os t e ss en tia l se rv ic es a nd s tru ct ur es du rin g em er ge nc y an d m an ag in g re so ur ce s fo r th ei r r s tru ct ur al a nd op er at io na l c on tin ui ty D is as te r R es ili en ce pl an w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r es se nt ia l em er ge nc y se rv ic es an d st ru ct ur es S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C le an th e dr ai na ge a nd w at er c ou rs es b ef or e m on so on C le an in g dr ai na ge an d w at er c ou rs es w ill b e in cr ea se d fo r flo od re si lie nc e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t E nc ou ra ge th e sa fe ty pr ov is io ns in v eh ic le s pr ov id in g th e fin an ci al in ce nt iv es i nc lu di ng ta x re ba te Ve hi cl es w ill h av e se cu rit y pr ov is io ns S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F in an ce , M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e, a nd Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 110 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on st ru ct o ve rp as se s, un de rp as se s fo r ro ad c ro ss in g by th e pe de st ria ns Th e ro ad c ro ss in g st ru ct ur es (o ve rp as se s, un de rp as se s) w ill be c on st ru ct ed f or re si lie nc e to r oa d ac ci de nt M ed iu m T er m M in is tri es o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on st ru ct S af et y ba rr ie rs , S te el g ua rd -r ai ls , R oa d– hu m ps , R um bl e st rip s, R efl ec tiv e R oa d m ar ki ng s, S ig na ls e tc . in ro ad s ha vi ng p ot en tia lit y of ac ci de nt Va rio us s tru ct ur es w ill b e co ns tru ct ed fo r r es ili en ce to r oa d ac ci de nt M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, de ve lo pm en t p ar tn er s B ui ld u p ca pa ci ty o f al l s ch oo ls o f t he co un try a s th e st ro ng es t st ru ct ur e by c on st ru ct in g, re co ns tru ct in g an d re tro fit tin g i nc lu di ng m ak in g ca pa bl e of pr ov id in g th e s af er em er ge nc y re si de nt ia l se rv ic es S ch oo ls w ill m ov e fo rw ar d to d is as te r re si lie nc e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y, M in is try U rb an D ev el op m en t, M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 111Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd im pl em en t a ha nd bo ok fo r t he pr ot ec tio n, m ai nt en an ce an d op er at io n of h is to ric al an d cu ltu ra l h er ita ge s an d pl ac es A h an db oo k w ill be p re pa re d an d im pl em en te d fo r r es ili en ce o f hi st or ic al a nd c ul tu ra l he rit ag es a nd p la ce s M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f A rc ha eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd C on st ru ct io n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t In cr ea se i nv es tm en t to re du ce th e gl ac ia l la ke s ou tb ur st ri sk o f th e po te nt ia l ha za rd ou s gl ac ia l l ak es R es ili en ce w ill be in cr ea se d by re du ci ng ri sk fro m G la ci al L ak e O ut bu rs t M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on st ru ct p on ds to co ns er ve w at er a nd co lle ct r ai n w at er an d de ve lo p ef fic ie nt te ch no lo gy f or w at er u se Th e lo ss c au se d b y flo od , d ro ug ht s, a nd fir e w ill b e re du ce d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t, M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc e an d Irr ig at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t C on st ru ct a fi re li ne in th e fo re st o f d ry a re as Th e lo ss b y fir e w ill be re du ce d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F or es t a nd E nv iro nm en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t 112 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P ro m ot e th e lo ca l re so ur ce b as ed G re en In fra st ru ct ur e at p ro vi nc e an d lo ca l l ev el D is as te r a nd C lim at e C ha ng e re si lie nc e w ill b e d ev el op ed b y th e co ns tru ct io n of gr ee n in fra st ru ct ur e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al In cr ea se in ve st m en t in c on se rv in g La ke , W et la nd s an d Po nd s Th e lo ss es b y flo od , d ro ug ht , an d la nd sl id e w ill be re du ce d by co ns er vi ng L ak e, W et la nd s an d Po nd s Lo ng T er m Th e M in is try o f Fo re st an d E nv iro nm en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t P ro m ot e al te rn at iv e en er gy a t t he F ed er al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el to re du ce e nv iro nm en ta l de gr ad at io n an d di sa st er ris k D is as te r a nd c lim at e ch an ge re si lie nc e w ill b e de ve lo pe d by th e us e of a lte rn at iv e en er gy Lo ng T er m A lte rn at iv e E ne rg y P ro m ot io n C en te r, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al B ui ld e m er ge nc y tre at m en t c ap ac ity o f ho sp ita ls a nd a ll he al th se rv ic es em er ge nc y tre at m en t ca pa ci ty w ill b e in cr ea se d in a ll he al th s er vi ce s fo r di sa st er re si lie nc e Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , b ig a nd re gi on al ho sp ita ls , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 113Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h m od el s ch oo ls fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n D is as te r r es ili en ce w ill b e in cr ea se d in ed uc at io n se ct or Lo ng T er m M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t R et ro fit o f m ai n, s ub – w ay s an d hi gh w ay s id en tif yi ng th ei r e m er ge nc y st ra te gi c im po rta nc e as se ss in g th ei r ris k an d di sa st er re si lie nc e. C le ar ly id en tif y, p rio rit iz e an d co ns tru ct a lte rn at iv e w ay s Tr an sp or t s ys te m w ill m ov e fo rw ar d to b e di sa st er re si lie nt Lo ng T er m M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc ia l a nd lo ca l G ov er nm en ts U nd er ta ke s tru ct ur al an d op er at io na l c ap ac ity bu ild in g an d re tro fit tin g of th e ex is tin g ai rp or ts A irp or ts w ill p ro gr es s to w ar ds d is as te r re si lie nc e Lo ng T er m M in is try o f C ul tu re , To ur is m a nd C iv il A vi at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t C on st ru ct t he n ew ly u nd er - co ns tru ct io n in te rn at io na l an d re gi on al a irp or ts ea rth qu ak e an d flo od re si st an t A irp or ts w ill b e di sa st er re si lie nt Lo ng T er m M in is try o f C ul tu re , To ur is m a nd C iv il A vi at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 114 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y In cr ea se in ve st m en t fo r r et ro fit tin g of ri sk y in fra st ru ct ur es (s ch oo ls , ho sp ita ls , h ea lth p os ts , w at er s up pl y st ru ct ur es , go ve rn m en t a nd p riv at e bu ild in gs , h is to ric al an d cu ltu ra l h er ita ge s, hy dr op ow er h ou se s, po w er s ub -s ta tio n, hy dr au lic s tru ct ur e et c. ) R is ky in fra st ru ct ur es w ill b e sa fe Lo ng T er m M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y, M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E nc ou ra ge w ith th e in ce nt iv es o f t ax re ba te , an d lo w in te re st c re di t fo r re tro fit tin g of r is ky pr iv at e re si de nc e, h ot el , sh op pi ng m al l, bu si ne ss an d in du st ria l b ui ld in gs P riv at e st ru ct ur es w ill be s af e Lo ng T er m D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 115Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on st ru ct t he go ve rn m en t o ffi ce s, co m m un ity b ui ld in gs , sc ho ol s, h os pi ta ls a nd sh el te rs f rie nd ly to ch ild re n, e ld er ly a nd di sa bl ed p er so ns D is as te r R es ili en ce of c hi ld re n, e ld er ly an d d is ab le d pe rs on s w ill b e in cr ea se d Lo ng T er m M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y, M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t P ro m ot e al te rn at iv e m ea ns o f l iv el ih oo d, fl oo d re si st an t a gr ic ul tu ra l sy st em , fl oo d re si st an t fo od a nd s ee d st or ag e et c. D is as te r r es ili en ce w ill b e in cr ea se d in th e m ea ns o f liv el ih oo d Lo ng T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al A gr ic ul tu re R es ea rc h C ou nc il C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , no n- g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t P ro m ot e cl im at e sm ar t ag ric ul tu re C lim at e ris k w ill be re du ce d in ag ric ul tu re Lo ng T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al A gr ic ul tu re R es ea rc h C ou nc il C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , no n- g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 116 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P ro m ot e bi o- dy ke s, af fo re st at io n, fo re st co ns er va tio n, w at er sh ed pr ot ec tio n et c. fo r flo od a nd la nd sl id e ris k re du ct io n Fl oo d an d la nd sl id e ris k w ill b e re du ce d th ro ug h en vi ro nm en t co ns er va tio n Lo ng T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try o f Fo re st a nd E nv iro nm en t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , no n- g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t P ur su e th e st ru ct ur al m ea su re s fo r fl oo d ris k re du ct io n (fo r e xa m pl e, em ba nk m en t, re se rv oi r, ch ec k- da m e tc .) , F lo od ri sk w ill b e re du ce d th ro ug h th e st ru ct ur al m ea su re s Lo ng T er m M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc es a nd Ir rig at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts P ur su e th e st ru ct ur al m ea su re s fo r l an ds lid e ris k re du ct io n (fo r ex am pl e, s lo pe st ab ili za tio n, g eo m et ry m od ifi ca tio n, s ur fa ce er os io n co nt ro l, im pr ov ed dr ai na ge e tc .) , L an ds lid e ris k w ill b e re du ce d th ro ug h th e st ru ct ur al m ea su re s Lo ng T er m M in is try o f E ne rg y, W at er R es ou rc es a nd Irr ig at io n, M in is try o f Fo re st a nd E nv iro nm en t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 117Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op c lim at e sm ar t vi lla ge s an d ci tie s C lim at e ris k w ill b e re du ce d in v ill ag es an d ci tie s Lo ng T er m M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try of U rb an D ev el op m en t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on st ru ct u rb an d ra in ag e sy st em a nd im pr ov e th e ex is tin g dr ai na ge s ys te m U rb an fl oo d ris k w ill be re du ce d Lo ng T er m M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 118 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 6. 2 Pr om ot in g Pu bl ic in ve st m en t i n D is as te r r is k r ed uc tio n O n th e ba si s of d is as te r r is k as se ss m en t, pu bl ic a ge nc ie s ne ed to a llo ca te a n ad eq ua te b ud ge t f or d is as te r ris k re du ct io n pu rs ui ng a nn ua l a nd p er io di c pl an s. It is n ec es sa ry to a rr an ge a fu nd fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t f ro m fe de ra l t o th e lo ca l l ev el . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s ta te d fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y M ak e a pr ov is io n to u til iz e P rim e M in is te r N at ur al D is as te r R el ie f F un d in pr ep ar ed ne ss b ef or e di sa st er D is as te r pr ep ar ed ne ss a nd re sp on se s w ill b e ef fe ct iv e S ho rt Te rm O ffi ce o f P rim e M in is te r an d th e C ou nc il of M in is te rs , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f Fi na nc e C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts M ak e a pr ov is io n to al lo ca te m in im um 5 % of a nn ua l b ud ge t b y al l se ct or al a ge nc ie s fo r di sa st er R is k re du ct io n S ec to r w is e in ve st m en t f or di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n w ill b e en su re d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts M ak e a pr ov is io n to al lo ca te m in im um 1 0% o f co st o f r oa d co ns tru ct io n fo r r oa d sa fe ty In ve st m en t f or re du ci ng ro ad ac ci de nt ri sk w ill b e en su re d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t, M in is try of F in an ce o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 119Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y M ak e a pr ov is io n to sp en d R oa ds B oa rd F un d in ro ad s sa fe ty Th e in ve st m en t fo r r ed uc in g ro ad ac ci de nt ri sk w ill b e en su re d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , R oa ds B oa rd , M in is try of F in an ce , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts Fo llo w G en de r R es po ns iv e B ud ge tin g S ys te m w hi le p re pa rin g th e pr og ra m a nd b ud ge t fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n at F ed er al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el G en de r e qu al ity in d is as te r r is k re du ct io n w ill b e es ta bl is he d fo llo w in g G en de r R es po ns iv e B ud ge tin g S ys te m S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al A llo ca te a de qu at e bu dg et in cl ud in g G en de r E qu al ity an d S oc ia l I nc lu si on in an nu al p ro gr am s by a ll se ct or al a ge nc ie s Th e bu dg et w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r G en de r E qu al ity a nd S oc ia l In cl us io n in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E st ab lis h a pr oc ed ur e to pe rm it fo r b ud ge t t ra ns fe r fro m th e de ve lo pm en t pr oj ec ts to u til iz e in p os t di sa st er re co ns tru ct io n In ve st m en t f or re co ns tru ct io n w ill b e av ai la bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 120 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h Pe as an t's W el fa re F un d as p er t he A gr ic ul tu ra l D ev el op m en t S tra te gy D is as te r r es ili en ce of p ea sa nt s w ill b e in cr ea se d th ro ug h es ta bl is hi ng Pe as an t's W el fa re Fu nd M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t an d C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try o f F in an ce o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E st ab lis h E co D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t F un d fro m Fe de ra l to L oc al a nd co m m un ity le ve l Th e fu nd w ill be a va ila bl e fo r en vi ro nm en t fri en dl y di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n Lo ng T er m M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f Fo re st a nd E nv iro nm en t, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 121Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 6. 3 Pr om ot in g Pr iv at e in ve st m en t i n D is as te r r is k r ed uc tio n It is n ec es sa ry to p re pa re a nd im pl em en t a b us in es s co nt in ui ty p la n on th e ba si s of d is as te r r is k as se ss m en t i n bu si ne ss es a nd in du st rie s. In ve st m en ts b y pr iv at e se ct or s, b an ks , c oo pe ra tiv es a nd c om m un ity o rg an iz at io ns fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n ne ed to b e m ad e ea sy . T he s tra te gi c ac tiv iti es fo r i t a re s ta te d be lo w . St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E nc ou ra ge to p re pa re an d im pl em en t a bu si ne ss c on tin ui ty p la n du rin g di sa st er b y sm al l bu si ne ss a nd in du st rie s P riv at e bu si ne ss es w ill b e op er at io na l du rin g di sa st er d ue to p re pa ra tio n an d im pl em en ta tio n of bu si ne ss c on tin ui ty pl an S ho rt Te rm Fe de ra tio n of N ep al es e C ha m be rs o f C om m er ce an d In du st ry , p riv at e se ct or , M in is try o f In du st ry , C om m er ce a nd S up pl y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E nc ou ra ge th e ta x re ba tin g as a n in ce nt iv e to p ro m ot e re so ur ce m ob ili za tio n by p riv at e se ct or s in d is as te r r is k re du ct io n ac tiv iti es P riv at e in ve st m en t w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r d is as te r r is k re du ct io n in in fra st ru ct ur e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f F in an ce o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 122 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op a nd p ro m ot e al te rn at iv e an d In no va tiv e Fi na nc ia l I ns tru m en ts , fo r e xa m pl e, F or ec as t B as ed F in an ci ng , m ic ro in ve st m en t, m ic ro c re di t, in su ra nc e, re in su ra nc e et c. fo r d is as te r R is k re du ct io n H um an ita ria n fu nd w ill b e m ob ili ze d ba se d on th e sc ie nt ifi c da ta . I n ad di tio n, in vo lv em en t of th e pr iv at e se ct or in d is as te r R is k re du ct io n w ill b e in cr ea se d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al R as tra B an k, In su ra nc e B oa rd , R as tri ya B ee m a S an st ha n, P riv at e S ec to r C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E st ab lis h an a rr an ge m en t of M ic ro fin an ce , i nt er es t- fre e lo an , c on di tio na l c as h tra ns fe r et c. fo r di sa st er af fe ct ed in di vi du al a nd co m m un ity D is as te r r ec ov er y of d is as te r a ffe ct ed in di vi du al a nd co m m un ity w ill b e en ha nc ed M ed iu m T er m N ep al R as tra B an k, C oo pe ra tiv es C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts In cr ea se p riv at e in ve st m en t i n Po st D is as te r R ec ov er y an d R ec on st ru ct io n th ro ug h th e pr og ra m o f C or po ra te S oc ia l R es po ns ib ili ty P riv at e in ve st m en t w ill b e in cr ea se d in R ec ov er y an d R ec on st ru ct io n M ed iu m T er m Fe de ra tio n of N ep al es e C ha m be rs o f C om m er ce an d In du st ry , M in is try of F in an ce o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 123Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op p ub lic -p riv at e re so ur ce m ob ili za tio n sy st em fo r r ec on st ru ct io n of th e bu ild in gs a nd pl ac es th at a re e nl is te d in th e w or ld , n at io na l a nd lo ca l h er ita ge s P ub lic -p riv at e re so ur ce w ill be a va ila bl e fo r re co ns tru ct io n of he rit ag e bu ild in gs an d pl ac es M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F in an ce , M in is try o f C ul tu re , To ur is m a nd C iv il A vi at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , Fe de ra tio n of N ep al es e C ha m be rs o f C om m er ce an d In du st ry C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts P ro m ot e jo in t p ub lic - pr iv at e in ve st m en t i n di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n pr ep ar in g N at io na l D is as te r R is k In ve st m en t an d In su ra nc e S tra te gy P riv at e in ve st m en t w ill b e av ai la bl e in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n Lo ng T er m M in is try o f F in an ce of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , P riv at e S ec to r C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts M ak e ea sy a rr an ge m en t fo r i nv es tm en t i n D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n by th e B an k, C oo pe ra tiv es an d co m m un ity b as ed or ga ni za tio ns (F or es t U se rs G ro up , D ai ry C oo pe ra tiv es ) D is as te r R is k an d Lo ss w ill b e re du ce d Lo ng T er m N ep al R as tra B an k, N at io na l C oo pe ra tiv es D ev el op m en t B oa rd , F ed er at io n of C om m un ity F or es try U se rs N ep al , P ov er ty A lle vi at io n Fu nd C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 124 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y M ob ili ze b ila te ra l, m ul ti- la te ra l a nd in te rn at io na l r es ou rc es fo r r ec on st ru ct io n of im po rta nt in fra st ru ct ur es an d he rit ag e bu ild in gs In te rn at io na l re so ur ce s an d in ve st m en t w ill be a va ila bl e fo r re co ns tru ct io n of im po rta nt in fra st ru ct ur es a nd he rit ag e bu ild in gs Lo ng T er m M in is try o f F in an ce , M in is try F or ei gn A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , D ev el op m en t P ar tn er s 6. 4 in cr ea si ng D is as te r r es ili en ce th ro ug h r is k tr an sf er , i ns ur an ce a nd s oc ia l s ec ur ity It is n ec es sa ry to d ev el op ri sk s ha rin g m ec ha ni sm li ke a gr ic ul tu re a nd li ve st oc k in su ra nc e, m ic ro in su ra nc e, em er ge nc y fu nd , lo an / cr ed it w ith n om in al in te re st . D es pi te h av in g su ffi ci en t so ci al s ec ur ity p ro gr am s, t he ac ce ss ib ili ty o f s uc h pr og ra m s is u ne ve n in d iff er en t g eo gr ap hi ca l r eg io ns . S uc h so ci al s ec ur ity p ro gr am s ar e ne ed ed to b e lin ke d w ith d is as te r r es ili en ce . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s ta te d fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y A rr an ge a p ro vi si on fo r l ife in su ra nc e of th e di sa st er v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps a nd in di vi du al a nd co m m un iti es in vo lv ed in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t D is as te r r es ili en ce of th e di sa st er vu ln er ab le g ro up s an d in di vi du al an d co m m un iti es in vo lv ed in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t w ill b e in cr ea se d S ho rt Te rm In su ra nc e B oa rd , R as tri ya B ee m a S an st ha n, N ep al In su re rs A ss oc ia tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 125Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y R ev ie w th e ex is tin g pr ac tic e of ri sk s ha rin g in A gr ic ul tu re a nd Li ve st oc k In su ra nc e A pp ro pr ia te In su ra nc e sy st em w ill b e id en tifi ed fo r a gr ic ul tu re a nd liv es to ck in N ep al S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try of F in an ce o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, D ev el op m en t P ar tn er s E st ab lis h ag ric ul tu re in su ra nc e, f ar m er ’s be ne fit p ro gr am a nd fo od a nd s ee ds s to ra ge s to a dd re ss in cr ea si ng di sa st er (F lo od , D ro ug ht , C ol d w av e) ris ks in a gr ic ul tu re a nd th e ch al le ng e of fo od in se cu rit y D is as te r r es ili en ce in ag ric ul tu re s ec to r w ill be in cr ea se d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try of F in an ce o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , In su ra nc e B oa rd C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t E nf or ce th e th ird p ar ty co ve ra ge in su ra nc e in li fe in su ra nc e, m ot or v eh ic le s in su ra nc e et c. Va rio us ty pe s of d is as te r r is k in su ra nc e w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r r oa d ac ci de nt S ho rt Te rm In su ra nc e B oa rd , R as tri ya B ee m a S an st ha n, M in is try o f Fi na nc e, N ep al In su re rs A ss oc ia tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 126 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op a nd im pl em en t th e pl an s fo r c om m un ity ba se d, c on tri bu tio n ba se d, m ic ro in su ra nc e, liv es to ck in su ra nc e, fa rm in g in su ra nc e, Fa rm er ’s re se rv ed fu nd , ris k gr ou pi ng C om m un ity b as ed va rio us fo rm s of D is as te r R is k In su ra nc e pl an w ill be a va ila bl e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f F in an ce , M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , In su ra nc e B oa rd C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t P ro m ot e P ub lic -p riv at e pa rtn er sh ip to a ttr ac t pa rti ci pa tio n an d in ve st m en t o f p riv at e se ct or in D is as te r R is k In su ra nc e, R is k sh ar in g pr og ra m s (e .g . M ic ro In su ra nc e, em er ge nc y fu nd , l ow in te re st c re di t p la n) Po lic y pr ov is io n fo r p ub lic -p riv at e pa rtn er sh ip in ri sk sh ar in g w ill b e im pl em en te d M ed iu m T er m N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , M in is try of F in an ce , I ns ur an ce B oa rd , M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try of U rb an D ev el op m en t, M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t E xp an d c on tri bu tio n- ba se d in su ra nc e sy st em to p ro te ct m ea ns o f liv el ih oo d, s ki ll, e qu ip m en t an d in ve st m en t f ro m di sa st er D is as te r r es ili en ce o f m ea ns o f l iv el ih oo d w ill b e in cr ea se d th ro ug h in su ra nc e M ed iu m T er m In su ra nc e B oa rd , R as tri ya B ee m a S an st ha n, M in is try o f Fi na nc e, N ep al In su re rs A ss oc ia tio n C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 127Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y M ak e a pr ov is io n fo r di sa st er a ffe ct ed f am ili es liv in g be lo w th e po ve rty lin e to a ct iv at e in su ra nc e be ne fit a ut om at ic al ly if im pa ct ed b y th e di sa st er by d ev el op in g an in te gr at ed re co rd s ys te m of p oo r, la nd le ss , a nd de pr iv ed fa m ili es D is as te r r es ili en ce of th e fa m ili es li vi ng be lo w th e po ve rty lin e w ill b e in cr ea se d th ro ug h in su ra nc e M ed iu m T er m R as tri ya B ee m a S an st ha n, in su ra nc e co m pa ni es , M in is try o f Fi na nc e C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t R ev ie w th e a cc es si bi lit y an d be ne fit s ta tu s of th e va rio us p ro gr am s of so ci al s ec ur ity o f ta rg et ed gr ou p, c om m un ity , a nd ge og ra ph ic al a re as a nd lin k th es e pr og ra m s to di sa st er re si lie nc e D is as te r r es ili en ce w ill b e in cr ea se d th ro ug h so ci al se cu rit y pr og ra m M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f W om en , C hi ld re n an d S en io r C iti ze ns o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D al it C om m is si on , W om en C om m is si on , M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd Te ch no lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 128 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P ro m ot e di sa st er in su ra nc e fo r p ub lic bu ild in gs , s ch oo ls , ho sp ita ls , h ea lth p os ts , an d cr iti ca l i nf ra st ru ct ur es (h yd ra ul ic s tru ct ur e, he rit ag e bu ild in gs , br id ge s, w at er s up pl y an d sa ni ta tio n sy st em , hy dr op ow er s tru ct ur e, ca na ls tr an sm is si on li ne , su b- st at io n, a nd a irp or t) an d re vi ew e xi st in g re le va nt in su ra nc e po lic ie s D is as te r r is k in su ra nc e w ill be ef fe ct iv e Lo ng T er m R as tri ya B ee m a S an st ha n, in su ra nc e co m pa ni es , M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 129Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 PRIORITy AREA 4: ENHANCING DISASTER PREPAREDNESS FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE AND TO “BUILD BACk BETTER” IN RECOVERy, REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION Chapter 7 130 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 131Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 enHancing Disaster PrePareDness for effective resPonse anD to “builD back better” in recovery, reHabilitation anD reconstruction This priority area covers disaster preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The preparedness mainly consists of disaster risk forecasting, early warning system, emergency preparedness plan, collection and storage of emergency items, safe evacuation, and – mock drills. Response covers the activities of disaster emergency service and assistance during or immediately after the disaster. Saving human life and preventing the additional physical loss are the priority actions of this stage. Search, rescue, relief, emergency health services, temporary shelter, safe drinking water and sanitation, and arrangement of food are the other priority activities of this stage. After the completion of emergency phase, the recovery activities such as improvement and normalization of disaster affected services and facilities, income generation and other livelihood activities need to be pursued. The campaign to “Build Back Better” in rehabilitation and reconstruction also begins in this phase with the activities like raising people’s awareness, strong plan, institutional strengthening and coordination. Multi-hazard early warning systems are proven very effective in enhancing disaster preparedness. In order to implement the early warning system, it requires institutionalized arrangements for adequately timed early warning of the impact of probable disaster events. The effectiveness of early warning systems has been proven by the benefits provided by flood early warning 132 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 systems to reduce loss of human life and property in recent flood incidents in some of the flood prone river basins. The current experience on flood early warning system needs to be expanded to other major and small river basins. This requires investment in developing, operationalizing and strengthening multi-sectoral impact based, multi-hazard forecasting and early warning systems. Multi-hazard early warning system at the federal, province and local levels need to be developed through participatory process, using the information obtained by assessing the social and cultural requirements, particularly the needs of women, elderly persons and children including the requirements of the users. For this, mobile apps and web portal can also be developed. The following priority actions are provided under this Priority Area for enhancing disaster preparedness and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. a. Strengthening Disaster Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response b. Development of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Disaster Preparedness c. Promotion of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction d. Strengthening Communication and Dissemination for Disaster Preparedness e. Capacity Building for Search and Rescue f. Promoting “Build Back Better” Approach for Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction 133Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 7. 1. s tr en gt he ni ng D is as te r Pr ep ar ed ne ss fo r ef fe ct iv e D is as te r r es po ns e Th er e is a n ee d of in st itu tio na l, po lic y an d pr og ra m r el at ed c ap ac ity b ui ld in g fo r di sa st er p re pa re dn es s at th e lo ca l le ve l. It is n ec es sa ry t o st re ng th en t he e xi st in g em er ge nc y op er at io n ce nt er s, a nd e xp an d an d op er at e em er ge nc y op er at io n ce nt er s fro m p ro vi nc e to th e lo ca l l ev el . T he fe de ra l, pr ov in ci al a nd lo ca l l ev el go ve rn m en ts n ee d to e st ab lis h st or ag e ho us es a nd s to re a n ad eq ua te a m ou nt o f f oo d, w at er , m ed ic in e, a nd ot he r r el ie f i te m s, in cl ud in g re sc ue e qu ip m en t. Th e fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s ta te d fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op in st itu tio na l, po lic y an d pr og ra m s re la te d ca pa ci ty a t t he lo ca l l ev el to in su re th e pr io rit y of D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t i n its w or ki ng a re as D is as te r M an ag em en t w ill b e ef fe ct iv e at lo ca l l ev el du e to in cr ea se d in st itu tio na l, po lic y an d pr og ra m re la te d ca pa ci ty S ho rt Te rm Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t D ev el op a nd im pl em en t In te gr at ed N at io na l D is as te r R es po ns e S ys te m D is as te r r es po ns e w ill b e un ifo rm n at io n w id e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 134 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 E st ab lis h th e em er ge nc y op er at io n ce nt er s at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el s D is as te r r es po ns e w ill b e ef fe ct iv e at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el s by th e es ta bl is hm en t o f em er ge nc y op er at io n ce nt er s S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al Id en tif y th e ev ac ua tio n ro ut e an d th e ar ea of a ss em bl y in e ac h pu bl ic , g ov er nm en t, an d co rp or at e bu ild in gs a nd m ar k an d de m ar ca te th es e P ub lic b ui ld in gs an d ar ea s w ill b e pr ep ar ed fo r d is as te r re sp on se S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P riv at e S ec to r U pd at e N at io na l D is as te r R es po ns e Fr am ew or k an d D is tri ct D is as te r P re pa re dn es s an d R es po ns e P la n fo r f or ec as t b as ed em er ge nc y pr ep ar ed ne ss an d re sp on se S ta nd ar d op er at in g pr oc ed ur es w ill b e up da te d fo r F or ec as t ba se d E m er ge nc y P re pa re dn es s an d R es po ns e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d th e Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 135Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re Im m ig ra tio n E m er ge nc y A ct io n P la n Im m ig ra tio n ar ea s w ill b e pr ep ar ed fo r em er ge nc y re sp on se S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , C iv il A vi at io n A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t S tre ng th en d is as te r pr ep ar ed ne ss a t a irp or ts an d pr ac tic e si m ul at io ns an d m oc k dr ill s re gu la rly on "G et A irp or ts R ea dy fo r D is as te r" A irp or ts w ill b e re ad y fo r e m er ge nc y re sp on se S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f C ul tu re , To ur is m a nd C iv il A vi at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , C iv il A vi at io n A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E st ab lis h ad eq ua te h um an an d liv es to ck s he lte rs a t th e lo ca l l ev el S af er p la ce s w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r s he lte r du rin g di sa st er a t t he lo ca l l ev el S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al E st ab lis h t he lo gi st ic s fa ci lit ie s in cl ud in g th e em er ge nc y co m m un ic at io n sy st em a t p ro vi nc es Th e re sp on se w ill be e ffe ct iv e at th e pr ov in ce le ve l b y es ta bl is hi ng th e fa ci lit ie s M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , U N A ge nc ie s, H um an ita ria n or ga ni za tio ns 136 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y A rr an ge re lia bl e w at er , la nd , a ir an d ot he r tra ns po rt se rv ic es a nd lo gi st ic s m an ag em en t m ec ha ni sm a nd in cr ea se ac ce ss to re m ot e ar ea s S er vi ce s w ill b e av ai la bl e du e to ef fe ct iv e lo gi st ic s m an ag em en t M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , U N A ge nc ie s, H um an ita ria n or ga ni za tio ns D ev el op in fra st ru ct ur e an d ot he r s tru ct ur es in cl ud in g es se nt ia l co m m un ic at io n fa ci lit ie s an d ac co m m od at io n in v ar io us to ur is tic de st in at io ns o f t he c ou nt ry to re du ce d is as te r r is k ba se d on th e co nc ep t o f S af er T re kk in g S ys te m D is as te r r is k w ill be re du ce d in to ur is tic d es tin at io ns by a rr an gi ng th e co m m un ic at io n fa ci lit ie s an d ac co m m od at io n M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f C ul tu re , To ur is m a nd C iv il A vi at io n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of T ou ris m , N ep al To ur is m D ev el op m en t B oa rd , N ep al T ou ris m A ss oc ia tio n, L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en ts E st ab lis h D is as te r M an ag em en t a nd H ig h M ou nt ai ne er in g S ch oo l an d R es cu e C en te r f or m ou nt ai n cl im bi ng a nd tre kk in g in h ig h al tit ud e of m ou nt ai n re gi on D is as te r r is k w ill be re du ce d fo r t he m ou nt ai ne er in g an d tre kk in g in h ig h al tit ud e M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f C ul tu re , To ur is m a nd C iv il A vi at io n, M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f D ef en se o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en t 137Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h Tr au m a C ar e C en te rs in m aj or c iti es A de qu at e fa ci lit ie s w ill be a va ila bl e fo r t he tre at m en t o f w ou nd ed M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty E st ab lis h st or ag e or w ar eh ou se s fo r f oo d, w at er , m ed ic in e, a nd o th er re lie f m at er ia ls a nd re sc ue eq ui pm en t a t F ed er al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l L ev el S to ra ge h ou se s fo r re lie f a nd re sc ue m at er ia ls w ill b e av ai la bl e in d is as te r se ns iti ve p la ce s Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n or ga ni za tio ns S to re a de qu at e am ou nt of fo od , d rin ks a nd n on - fo od it em s, s ee ds , a ni m al fe ed s in cl ud in g em er ge nc y re sc ue e qu ip m en t ( bo at , lif e ja ck et , fi re e ng in e, am bu la nc e, s tre tc he r e tc .) at fe de ra l, pr ov in ce a nd lo ca l l ev el s R el ie f a nd re sc ue m at er ia ls w ill b e av ai la bl e in d is as te r se ns iti ve p la ce s Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n or ga ni za tio ns 138 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y S to re a de qu at e am ou nt of e ss en tia l s pe ci al fo od , m ed ic in e, s an ita ry m at er ia l an d au xi lia ry e qu ip m en t ne ed ed to w om en , pr eg na nt w om en , c hi ld re n, el de rly a nd d is ab le pe rs on s, a nd p at ie nt s at lo ca l l ev el s to ra ge h ou se s In e m er ge nc y, sp ec ia l n ee ds o f t he vu ln er ab le g ro up s w ill be a dd re ss ed Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on - g ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n or ga ni za tio ns 7. 2 D ev el op in g m ul ti- H az ar d ea rl y w ar ni ng s ys te m fo r D is as te r Pr ep ar ed ne ss It is n ec es sa ry t o st re ng th en e xi st in g fo re ca st in g an d ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m s an d es ta bl is h ea rly w ar ni ng sy st em s fo r m aj or h az ar ds . C ap ac ity b ui ld in g of t he c on ce rn ed o rg an iz at io ns a nd a ge nc ie s is n ee de d fo r fo re ca st in g m aj or h az ar ds . T he A w ar en es s ra is in g an d tra in in g pr og ra m s ne ed to b e co nd uc te d fo r ta ki ng fu rth er s te ps a fte r g et tin g th e ea rly w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n. P re pa rin g th e st an da rd o pe ra tin g pr oc ed ur e of e ar ly w ar ni ng s ys te m s, t he r ol es a nd r es po ns ib ili tie s of v ar io us a ge nc ie s ne ed t o be m ad e cl ea r. Th e fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re d et er m in ed fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y U pd at e an d up gr ad e th e ex is tin g op er at io na l fl oo d an d gl ac ia l l ak e ou tb ur st flo od e ar ly w ar ni ng sy st em s E xi st in g ea rly w ar ni ng sy st em s w ill b e im pr ov ed C on tin uo us D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en t 139Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P ro du ce a nd d is se m in at e ea rly w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n by a na ly zi ng a nd fo re ca st in g da ta o f m aj or ha za rd s E ar ly w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n w ill be p ro du ce d an d di ss em in at ed C on tin uo us M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t of S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t of H ea lth S er vi ce / H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te r, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en t P la ce e ss en tia l s ig ns an d eq ui pm en t f or ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m in po te nt ia l ac ci de nt a re as o f ev er y ro ad s ne tw or k E ss en tia l s ig ns a nd eq ui pm en t w ill b e in pl ac e fo r e ar ly w ar ni ng in p ot en tia l ac ci de nt ar ea s of e ve ry r oa ds ne tw or k C on tin uo us M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l go ve rn m en t 140 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct a w ar en es s ra is in g an d tra in in g pr og ra m s on th e st ep s to b e fo llo w ed af te r r ec ei vi ng th e ea rly w ar ni ng s fo r d iff er en t ha za rd s A pp ro pr ia te a ct iv iti es w ill b e en su re d to b e ta ke n af te r ge tti ng e ar ly w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed to m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of H ea lth S er vi ce s, no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 141Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re t o gu id e th e o pe ra tio n of ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m an d th e pr oc es s of e ar ly w ar ni ng in fo rm at io n di ss em in at io n be tw ee n di ffe re nt o rg an iz at io ns in vo lv ed in d is as te r M an ag em en t S ta nd ar d op er at in g pr oc ed ur e w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r o pe ra tin g ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth S er vi ce s, N on - G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns 142 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E ns ur e th e ac ce ss , re pr es en ta tio n an d ef fe ct iv e p ar tic ip at io n of w om en , c hi ld re n, e ld er ly pe rs on s, d is ab le d pe op le , in di ge no us a nd v ul ne ra bl e co m m un ity in e ar ly w ar ni ng , s ys te m E ar ly w ar ni ng s ys te m w ill b e in cl us iv e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth S er vi ce s, N on - G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, Po lit ic al pa rti es a nd th ei r S is te r O rg an iz at io ns 143Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y U til iz e k no w le dg e, s ki lls , ex pe rie nc e an d tra di tio na l pr ac tic es o f s en io r c iti ze ns an d in di ge no us p eo pl e in ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m In di ge no us k no w le dg e an d ex pe rie nc e w ill be in cl ud ed in e ar ly w ar ni ng s ys te m S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth S er vi ce s, N on - G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, Po lit ic al pa rti es a nd th ei r S is te r O rg an iz at io ns In co rp or at e E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m in tr ai ni ng s a nd ed uc at io na l c ur ric ul um re la te d to D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t Th er e w ill b e st ud y an d te ac hi ng o n E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m M ed iu m T er m U ni ve rs iti es , E du ca tio na l In st itu tio ns , t ra in in g ce nt er s C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l g ov er nm en t, N on -G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 144 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op a nd in st al l s m ok e de te ct or a nd fi re a la rm in a ll pu bl ic b ui ld in gs , sc ho ol s, h os pi ta ls , a nd im po rta nt in fra st ru ct ur es a t th e Fe de ra l, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el , Lo ss d ue to fi re di sa st er w ill b e re du ce d w ith F ire E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y, M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op a nd o pe ra te m at he m at ic al f or ec as tin g m od el s fo r m aj or h az ar ds Th e fo re ca st in g w ill pr ov id e ex te nd ed le ad ti m e fo r e ar ly w ar ni ng M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t of S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t, D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth S er vi ce s C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 145Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op in fo rm at io n m at er ia ls (b oo k, b ro ch ur e, no tic e, e le ct ro ni c m es sa ge et c. ) o n e ar ly w ar ni ng sy st em fo r v ul ne ra bl e ta rg et c om m un iti es (w om en , c hi ld re n, e ld er ly pe rs on s di sa bl ed p eo pl e, in di ge no us , D al it, d ep riv ed ) Ta rg et ed g ro up s w ill be w el l i nf or m ed ab ou t e ar ly w ar ni ng sy st em M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of H ea lth S er vi ce s, ed uc at io na l I ns tit ut io ns , N on -G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 146 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct a w ar en es s pr og ra m s on E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m b y w or ks ho ps , m ee tin gs a nd m as s m ed ia A w ar en es s w ill b e in cr ea se d on E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of H ea lth S er vi ce s, ed uc at io na l I ns tit ut io ns , N on -G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 147Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct re gu la r t es ts an d ex er ci se s re ga rd in g th e ef fe ct iv en es s of E ar ly W ar ni ng D is se m in at io n an d R es po ns e E ffe ct iv en es s of e ar ly w ar ni ng d is se m in at io n an d re sp on se w ill b e te st ed M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc ia l a nd L oc al G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of F or es t, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t of H ea lth S er vi ce s, ed uc at io na l I ns tit ut io ns , N on -G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 148 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E xt en d ex is tin g flo od , a nd gl ac ia l l ak e ou tb ur st fl oo d E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m to o th er ri ve r b as in s an d es ta bl is h an o pe ra tio na l E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m fo r t he m aj or h az ar ds lik e la nd sl id e, d ro ug ht , th un de rb ol t, w in ds to rm , he at w av e, c ol d w av e, fi re , an d ep id em ic s D is as te r l os s w ill be re du ce d du e to ea rly a ct io ns b as ed on e ar ly w ar ni ng fo r m aj or h az ar ds Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al / N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f F or es t, D ep ar tm en t o f W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t of S oi l C on se rv at io n an d W at er sh ed M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth S er vi ce s/ H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N on -G ov er nm en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t B ui ld u p ca pa ci ty o n w ea th er a nd fl oo d fo re ca st Th e le ad ti m e an d re lia bi lit y of fl oo d an d w ea th er fo re ca st s w ill be in cr ea se d Lo ng T er m D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy an d M et eo ro lo gy C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs , no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, D ev el op m en t Pa rtn er s 149Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e lin e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y C on du ct re se ar ch o n th e ap pl ic at io n of p hy si ca l a nd m at he m at ic al m od el s to un de rs ta nd a nd fo re ca st na tu ra l h az ar ds H az ar d fo re ca st in g ca pa ci ty w ill b e in cr ea se d Lo ng T er m U ni ve rs iti es , R es ea rc h C en te rs C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns , , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t, D ev el op m en t P ar tn er s 7. 3 Pr om ot io n of c om m un ity b as ed D is as te r r is k r ed uc tio n It is n ec es sa ry to e st ab lis h, e xp an d an d ne tw or k co m m un ity b as ed o rg an iz at io ns c ap ab le o f w or ki ng in th e co m m un ity o n di sa st er r is k, h az ar ds a nd v ul ne ra bi lit y, in cr ea si ng a w ar en es s, a nd in fo rm in g an d m ob ili zi ng pe op le a ll th e tim e fo r e ffe ct iv e di sa st er p re pa re dn es s an d re sp on se . F or th is , t he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es ar e de te rm in ed . St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y S tre ng th en e xi st in g C om m un ity b as ed D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t S ys te m Th e co m m un iti es w ill b e em po w er ed in d is as te r r is k re du ct io n S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n an d co nc er ne d m in is tri es o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , no n- G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 150 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h, e xp an d a nd ne tw or k th e co m m un ity ba se d or ga ni za tio ns fo r D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t D is as te r R is k re du ct io n an d M an ag em en t w ill b e ef fe ct iv e by e st ab lis hi ng , ex pa nd in g, a nd ne tw or ki ng th e co m m un ity b as ed or ga ni za tio ns a t t he lo ca l l ev el S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al P ol ic e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on –G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns Fo rm d is as te r r es po ns e, an d se ar ch a nd re sc ue te am s at lo ca l l ev el Lo ca l l ev el s ea rc h an d re sc ue w or ks w ill be e ffe ct iv e S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al P ol ic e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on –G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 151Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op a nd e nf or ce gu id el in es fo r co lla bo ra tio n be tw ee n lo ca l a ut ho rit y an d no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns to pr om ot e pa rtn er sh ip be tw ee n co m m un ity ba se d gr ou ps (L oc al ity / To le D ev el op m en t O rg an iz at io n, W ar d C iti ze n Fo ru m s, C iti ze n A w ar en es s C en te rs , M ot he r’s G ro up s, y ou th C lu b, C hi ld C lu b) , l oc al no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns a nd c iv il so ci et y or ga ni za tio ns (s en io r c iti ze n fo ru m ) fo r a dd re ss in g lo ca l co nc er ns , i nt er es t a nd pa rti ci pa tio n in D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t Lo ca l c on ce rn s an d in te re st in d is as te r ris k re du ct io n an d m an ag em en t w ill be a dd re ss ed in pa rtn er sh ip b et w ee n th e lo ca l a ut ho rit y, an d lo ca l c om m un ity ba se d an d no n- go ve rn m en ta l or ga ni za tio ns M ed iu m T er m P ro vi nc e an d lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on – G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 152 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op c om m un ity ba se d ea rly w ar ni ng sy st em fo r e ac h ha za rd a t lo ca l l ev el D is as te r l os s w ill be re du ce d by st re ng th en in g pr ep ar ed ne ss th ro ug h th e co m m un ity b as ed ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m M ed iu m T er m Lo ca l a nd P ro vi nc ia l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e go ve rn m en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al Po lic e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns D ev el op th e m ec ha ni sm of c om m un ity b as ed tra in ed , f or m er ly pr ac tic ed fi rs t r es po nd er s vo lu nt ee rs a nd b ui ld it s ca pa ci ty Tr ai ne d fir st re sp on de rs vo lu nt ee rs w ill b e av ai la bl e in th e co m m un ity M ed iu m T er m P ro vi nc ia l G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e go ve rn m en t of N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al P ol ic e, R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 153Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E ns ur e ac ce ss , re pr es en ta tio n an d ef fe ct iv e pa rti ci pa tio n of w om en , c hi ld re n, e ld er ly an d di sa bl e pe op le , a nd vu ln er ab le c om m un ity in th e pr og ra m s an d po lic y fo rm ul at io n of th e co m m un ity b as ed or ga ni za tio ns fo r d is as te r ris k m an ag em en t C om m un ity b as ed di sa st er ri sk m an ag em en t w ill b e in cl us iv e M ed iu m T er m P ro vi nc ia l G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e go ve rn m en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , p ol iti ca l pa rti es a nd th ei r s is te r or ga ni za tio ns P re pa re M on ito rin g an d E va lu at io n P la n an d P ro ce du re a t t he lo ca l le ve l , A cc ou nt ab ili ty w ill be e st ab lis he d at lo ca l l ev el in D is as te r R is k M an ag em en t M ed iu m T er m P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 154 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 7. 4 st re ng th en in g co m m un ic at io n an d D is se m in at io n sy st em fo r D is as te r Pr ep ar ed ne ss D es pi te th e pr og re ss b y th e co un try in m as s co m m un ic at io n an d in fo rm at io n te ch no lo gy s ec to r, its a pp lic at io n in d is as te r aw ar en es s ra is in g, e ar ly w ar ni ng s ys te m , di sa st er p re pa re dn es s an d re sp on se is s til l r em ai ne d to h ap pe n as e xp ec te d. It is n ec es sa ry t o fo llo w a s pe ci al p ro ce du re o f c om m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n to i nc re as e th e ac ce ss ib ili ty o f vu ln er ab le g ro up s in d is as te r in fo rm at io n. F or t hi s, t he f ol lo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re d et er m in ed . S tra te gi c A ct iv ity E xp ec te d O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y S up po rti ng A ge nc y E st ab lis h co m m un ity in fo rm at io n ce nt er s C om m un ity w ill b e in fo rm ed a bo ut di sa st er ri sk S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 155Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 S tra te gi c A ct iv ity E xp ec te d O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y S up po rti ng A ge nc y D ev el op in st itu tio na l, po lic y an d pr og ra m m at ic pa rtn er sh ip to li nk m as s co m m un ic at io n an d m od er n in fo rm at io n te ch no lo gy (p rin tin g, ra di o, te le vi si on , s oc ia l ne tw or k, S M S , m ob ile ph on e) w ith d is as te r r is k aw ar en es s ra is in g a nd E ar ly W ar ni ng S ys te m in a m an ag ed w ay M as s co m m un ic at io n an d m od er n in fo rm at io n te ch no lo gy w ill b e us ed e ffe ct iv el y in d is as te r r is k in fo rm at io n an d ea rly w ar ni ng s ys te m S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , M in is try o f C om m un ic at io n an d In fo rm at io n Te ch no lo gy , M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, R ad io N ep al , F .M . ra di os , N ep al T el ev is io n, N ep al Te le co m m un ic at io n A ut ho rit y, N C el l, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns Fo llo w C om m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n pr oc ed ur e (e .g . R ad io , TV , P ho ne , S M S , s ire n, sh ou tin g, m es se ng er , fl ag ra is in g et c. ) a s pe r t he ne ed a nd s ui ta bi lit y of th e lo ca l c om m un ity Th er e w ill b e ef fe ct iv e co m m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n at lo ca l l ev el S ho rt Te rm P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 156 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 S tra te gi c A ct iv ity E xp ec te d O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y S up po rti ng A ge nc y Fo llo w s pe ci al ty pe o f co m m un ic at io n an d in fo rm at io n di ss em in at io n pr oc ed ur e fo r v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps ( Ill ite ra te , b lin d, de af ) A cc es s of v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps w ill b e in cr ea se d in d is as te r in fo rm at io n S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f C om m un ic at io n an d In fo rm at io n Te ch no lo gy of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns U se a nd p ro m ot e m as s m od er n sc ie nc e an d te ch no lo gy (W eb p or ta l, M ob ile A pp s, S M S - C B , I VR ) t o im pr ov e th e ef fe ct iv en es s of co m m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n sy st em fo r D is as te r P re pa re dn es s an d R ep on se s Im pr ov ed co m m un ic at io n an d di ss em in at io n sy st em w ill b e av ai la bl e an d us ed M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f Fo re st , D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t, D ep ar tm en t o f M in es a nd G eo lo gy , D ep ar tm en t o f H ea lth S er vi ce s/ H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te r, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 157Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 S tra te gi c A ct iv ity E xp ec te d O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y S up po rti ng A ge nc y E st ab lis h a D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n W eb P or ta l a t P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l L ev el In fo rm at io n on di sa st er ri sk a nd lo ss w ill b e av ai la bl e th ro ug h w eb p or ta l at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l L ev el M ed iu m T er m P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns D ev el op ra pi d as se ss m en t s ys te m fo r r eh ab ili ta tio n an d re co ns tru ct io n ap pl yi ng m od er n in fo rm at io n te ch no lo gy Th e in fo rm at io n on di sa st er lo ss w ill b e av ai la bl e im m ed ia te ly M ed iu m T er m P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 158 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 7. 5 ca pa ci ty b ui ld in g of s ea rc h an d r es cu e R es po ns ib ili tie s in p os t-d is as te r se ar ch a nd r es cu e ar e sc at te re d ac ro ss a ut ho rit ie s. In s pi te o f t he fa ct th at th re e se cu rit y ag en ci es a re in vo lv ed in e m er ge nc y se ar ch a nd r es cu e, a nd c oo rd in at in g fo r po st -d is as te r se ar ch a nd r es cu e, t he re i s a ne ed o f an i nt eg ra te d in st itu tio na liz ed a rr an ge m en t w ith s ki llf ul w or ki ng ca pa ci ty , m ea ns a nd re so ur ce s. D ue to la ck o f i nt eg ra te d us e of p os t-d is as te r s el f-a w ar en es s, h um an ita ria n m ot iv e an d re lie f a ss is ta nc e, th er e ha s be en s ee n a st at e of c on fu si on , h es ita tio n an d in te rn al c on fli ct a t e ac h tim e. In o rd er to a vo id th e du pl ic at io n in c ol le ct io n an d m ob ili za tio n of p os t d is as te r re lie f, it is n ec es sa ry to pr ep ar e an d im pl em en t a G ui de lin e/ S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re . T he re is s la ck ne ss o f c on tin uo us d ril l f or de ve lo pi ng a p ra ct ic e to w or k in e m er ge nc y. S in ce th e ha za rd s lik e fir e an d w ild fir e ar e re cu rr en tly o cc ur rin g, it ne ed s th e se rv ic es w el l-t ra in ed , f ul l o f m ea ns a nd re so ur ce s to b e gu ar an te ed to p re ve nt fi re . T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s ta te d fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re o f Fe de ra l, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs a nd or ie nt th e po lic y m ak er s an d pr of es si on al s at th e Fe de ra l, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l l ev el S ta nd ar d O pe ra tin g P ro ce du re s fo r E m er ge nc y O pe ra tin g C en te rs w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 159Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y B ui ld c ap ac ity o f em er ge nc y op er at in g ce nt er s Th e ca pa ci ty o f th e E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te rs w ill b e de ve lo pe d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t C on du ct a p re -m on so on di sa st er p re pa re dn es s w or ks ho p an d p os t- m on so on re vi ew w or ks ho p e ve ry y ea r w ith p ar tic ip at io n of a ll st ak eh ol de rs D is as te r pr ep ar ed ne ss a nd re sp on se s w ill b e te st ed S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, D ep ar tm en t of H yd ro lo gy a nd M et eo ro lo gy , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t P ur su e on e do or s ys te m to c he ck d up lic at io n in r el ie f c ol le ct io n an d m ob ili za tio n D is as te r r es po ns es w ill b e un ifo rm a nd tra ns pa re nt a nd du pl ic at io n w ill b e av oi de d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 160 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h C om m un ity ba se d S ea rc h an d R es cu e te am a t lo ca l le ve l C om m un ity b as ed S ea rc h an d R es cu e te am w ill b e es ta bl is he d at lo ca l le ve l, S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al P ol ic e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on –G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns P re pa re tr ai ne d Fi rs t R es po nd er s at w ar d le ve l Tr ai ne d Fi rs t R es po nd er s te am w ill be p re pa re d at w ar d le ve l S ho rt Te rm Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al P ol ic e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on –G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , P ol iti ca l Pa rti es a nd th ei r S is te r O rg an iz at io ns 161Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y M ak e a ne tw or k of th e am bu la nc e se rv ic es ba se d on a dj ac en t t o th e m aj or H ig hw ay , U rb an a nd R ur al ro ad s A m bu la nc e se rv ic es w ill b e ea si ly av ai la bl e du rin g di sa st er S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try of H om e A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns P ro vi de tr ai ni ng to e ac h le ve l o f h ea lth w or ke rs (p rim ar y, s ec on da ry , a nd hi gh ) f or s ki ll de ve lo pm en t in tr ea tm en t o f r oa d ac ci de nt Th e ca pa ci ty o f he al th w or ke rs w ill be in cr ea se d in tre at m en t o f r oa d ac ci de nt S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n/ H ea lth E m er ge nc y O pe ra tio n C en te r, M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 162 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E st ab lis h Li gh t a nd M ed iu m S ea rc h an d R es cu e te am a t f ed er al le ve l a nd b ui ld th ei r ca pa ci ty S ea rc h an d R es cu e te am s of fe de ra l l ev el w ill b e ca pa bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , M in is try o f D ef en se , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns E st ab lis h S ea rc h an d R es cu e Te am a nd p ro vi de ne ce ss ar y eq ui pm en t a nd m an po w er to th e fe de ra l, pr ov in ce a nd d is tri ct le ve l un its o f A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al i A rm y an d N ep al P ol ic e A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al i A rm y an d N ep al P ol ic e w ill b e ca pa bl e of s ea rc h an d re sc ue S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, N ep al i A rm y, N ep al Po lic e, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns 163Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y B ui ld c ap ac ity o f S ea rc h an d R es cu e te am s of A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al i A rm y an d N ep al Po lic e A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e, N ep al i A rm y an d N ep al P ol ic e w ill b e ca pa bl e fo r s ea rc h an d re sc ue S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, N ep al i A rm y, N ep al Po lic e, A rm ed P ol ic e Fo rc e C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E st ab lis h un ifi ed co m m an d of s ea rc h an d re sc ue te am s an d de ve lo p it as p er th e st an da rd o f I nt er na tio na l S ea rc h an d R es cu e A dv is or y G ro up U ni fie d co m m an d of se ar ch a nd re sc ue w ill b e es ta bl is he d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , M in is try o f D de fe ns e, N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 164 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y Fo llo w C or e H um an ita ria n S ta nd ar d in a ss is tin g di sa st er a ffe ct ed in di vi du al s an d co m m un ity H um an ita ria n as si st an ce w ill b e of hi gh q ua lit y S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op R ap id A ss es sm en t P ro ce du re fo r l os s an d da m ag e us in g m od er n in fo rm at io n te ch no lo gy a nd c ol le ct di sa gg re ga te d da ta f or lo ss a nd d am ag e E m er ge nc y re sp on se s w ill be e ffi ci en t a nd ef fe ct iv e by a pp ly in g ra pi d as se ss m en t pr oc ed ur e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts E ns ur e an a rr an ge m en t of e du ca tio n, h ea lth , nu tri tio n, a nd d rin ki ng w at er d ur in g po st -d is as te r em er ge nc y Po st -d is as te r em er ge nc y m an ag em en t o f ed uc at io n, h ea lth , nu tri tio n, a nd dr in ki ng w at er w ill b e in p la ce S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f E du ca tio n, S ci en ce a nd T ec hn ol og y, M in is try o f H ea lth a nd Po pu la tio n, M in is try o f W at er S up pl y of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts 165Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y E ns ur e in cr ea se in th e pr ef er en ce a nd ac ce ss ib ili ty o f v ul ne ra bl e an d de pr iv ed c la ss in p os t-d is as te r r el ie f, re sc ue a nd re ha bi lit at io n se rv ic es p ro vi de d by G ov er nm en t a nd N on - go ve rn m en ta l s ec to rs Th e de pr iv ed c la ss w ill h av e ac ce ss in re lie f, re sc ue a nd re ha bi lit at io n se rv ic es S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty Po lit ic al P ar tie s an d th ei r si st er o rg an iz at io ns P re pa re D is as te r P re pa re dn es s an d R es po ns e P la n at P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l L ev el D is as te r pr ep ar ed ne ss a nd re sp on se p la n w ill be a va ila bl e at lo ca l le ve l S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa ir an d G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N on - G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 166 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P ra ct ic e m oc k dr ill s re gu la rly a t d iff er en t l ev el s (F ed er al , P ro vi nc e, L oc al , C om m un ity ) a nd s ec to rs (S ch oo l, ho sp ita l) fo r ef fe ct iv e pr ep ar ed ne ss an d re sp on se W ith th e pr ac tic e of m oc k dr ill s pr ep ar ed ne ss a nd re sp on se w ill b e ef fe ct iv e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa ir an d G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on –G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n O rg an iz at io ns E st ab lis h a n in te gr at ed fir e co nt ro l g ro up a nd bu ild it s ca pa ci ty t hr ou gh re so ur ce , m ea ns a nd tra in in g Fi re c on tro l c ap ac ity w ill b e in cr ea se d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f Fe de ra l A ffa ir an d G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al , N ep al F ire B rig ad e, N ep al R es cu e an d Fi re F ig ht er A ss oc ia tio n, R ed C ro ss m ov em en t 167Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op tr ai ne d hu m an re so ur ce s fo r s ea rc h an d re sc ue a nd re sp on se a t al l l ev el s , S ea rc h an d re sc ue an d re sp on se w ill b e ef fe ct iv e at a ll le ve ls M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e go ve rn m en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t of N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io ns , U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n O rg an iz at io ns D ev el op t ra in ed , a nd sk ill ed h um an re so ur ce to p ro m ot e th e po st - di sa st er e ss en tia l s oc ia l co un se lin g an d m en ta l he al th S ki lle d hu m an re so ur ce w ill b e av ai la bl e fo r t he pr om ot io n of s oc ia l co un se lin g an d m en ta l h ea lth M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H ea lth an d Po pu la tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , Tr ib hu va n U ni ve rs ity , C en tra l D ep ar tm en t o f Ps yc ho lo gy , N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty C on ce rn ed M in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 168 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y S tre ng th en C lu st er ap pr oa ch fo r e ffe ct iv e re sp on se f ro m F ed er al to Lo ca l l ev el , R es po ns e w ill b e ef fe ct iv e at a ll le ve l M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io n, U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n O rg an iz at io ns M ak e sp ec ia l ar ra ng em en ts fo r s ec ur ity an d ot he r r eq ui re m en ts o f w om en , c hi ld re n, e ld er ly an d di sa bl ed p eo pl e du rin g se ar ch , r es cu e an d re sp on se Vu ln er ab le g ro up s w ill b e sa fe d ur in g di sa st er Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N ep al i A rm y, N ep al P ol ic e, A rm ed Po lic e Fo rc e, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io n, U N ag en ci es , H um an ita ria n O rg an iz at io ns , P ol iti ca l pa rti es a nd th ei r s is te r or ga ni za tio ns 169Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y D ev el op c ap ac ity o f t he co m m un ity O rg an iz at io ns (C hi ld C lu b, y ou th C lu b, M ot he rs G ro up , S en io r C iti ze n Fo ru m , C iti ze ns C on ce rn C en te r, Fo re st U se rs G ro up e tc .) fo r di sa st er p re pa re dn es s an d re sp on se D is as te r r es po ns e ca pa ci ty o f co m m un ity or ga ni za tio ns w ill b e de ve lo pe d Lo ng T er m Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es of th e go ve rn m en t of N ep al , P ro vi nc e G ov er nm en t, N ep al R ed C ro ss S oc ie ty , N on -G ov er nm en ta l O rg an iz at io n 170 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 7. 6 Pr om ot in g ”b ui ld b ac k b et te r” a pp ro ac h in r ec ov er y, r eh ab ili ta tio n an d r ec on st ru ct io n Th er e ne ed s to d ev el op a c ul tu re o f s up pl yi ng s ta nd ar d co ns tru ct io n m at er ia ls a nd re nd er in g di sa st er re si st an t co ns tru ct io n to re al iz e th e po ss ib ili ty o f “ B ui ld B ac k B et te r” in re co ns tru ct io n an d re ha bi lit at io n af te r di sa st er s. Th e ca pa ci ty o f pr of es si on al s an d te ch ni ci an s in vo lv ed i n co ns tru ct io n w or ks n ee d to b e de ve lo pe d. B y cl as si fy in g la nd o n th e ba si s of d is as te r ris k, c on st ru ct io n w or ks n ee d to b e pr oh ib ite d in h ig h ris k ar ea s. It re qu ire s re se ar ch a nd d ev el op m en t of m od er n te ch no lo gy t o pr om ot e ”B ui ld B ac k B et te r” a pp ro ac h. T he fo llo w in g st ra te gi c ac tiv iti es a re s ta te d fo r i t. St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd e nf or ce re se ttl em en t g ui de lin es fo r r es et tle m en t an d re ha bi lit at io n of in fra st ru ct ur e of d is as te r af fe ct ed fa m ili es R es et tle m en t a nd re ha bi lit at io n of in fra st ru ct ur e w ill b e im pl em en te d b y pr ep ar in g gu id el in es S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P re pa re G ui de lin es o n “B ui ld B ac k B et te r” in R ec ov er y, R eh ab ili ta tio n, an d R ec on st ru ct io n G ui de lin es o n “ B ui ld B ac k B et te r “ w ill b e av ai la bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , W at er a nd E ne rg y C om m is si on S ec re ta ria t, M in is try o f P hy si ca l In fra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 171Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y In co rp or at e di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n ac tiv iti es in re co ve ry , r eh ab ili ta tio n an d re co ns tru ct io n Fu tu re d is as te r r is ks w ill b e re du ce d S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op a nd u til iz e lo ca l re so ur ce s, m ea ns , l ab or , te ch no lo gy , k no w le dg e an d sk ill in r eh ab ili ta tio n an d re co ns tru ct io n R eh ab ili ta tio n an d re co ns tru ct io n w ill be e co no m ic al a nd su st ai na bl e S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op p ol ic y an d in st itu tio na l s tru ct ur e to m ak e re co ns tru ct io n w or ks di sa st er re si st an t a nd “B ui ld B ac k B et te r” a fte r m aj or d is as te r Po lic y an d in st itu tio na l ar ra ng em en t w ill be m ad e to b ui ld re co ns tru ct io n be tte r S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , S ec re ta ria t o f t he N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t R ev ie w a nd re vi se th e cu rr en t P os t D is as te r R es po ns e Fr am ew or k 20 13 ta ki ng th e ex pe rie nc e on p ol ic y, in st itu tio n, re so ur ce m ob ili za tio n an d co or di na tio n fro m p os t- ea rth qu ak e re co ns tru ct io n ca m pa ig n Po st -d is as te r r ec ov er y w ill b e ef fe ct iv e S ho rt te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, S ec re ta ria t o f N at io na l P la nn in g C om m is si on C on ce rn ed m in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 172 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y A dd re ss s pe ci al n ee ds of w om en , c hi ld re n, el de rly a nd d is ab le d pe op le in re co ns tru ct io n an d re no va tio n of ph ys ic al in fra st ru ct ur e at di sa st er a ffe ct ed a re as fo r e xa m pl e, re tir em en t ho m e, o rp ha na ge , a nd co m m un ity b ui ld in g ph ys ic al in fra st ru ct ur e fo r e xa m pl e, re tir em en t h om e, or ph an ag e, a nd co m m un ity b ui ld in g w ill b e fri en dl y to w om en , c hi ld re n, el de rly a nd d is ab le d pe op le S ho rt Te rm M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, N at io na l D is as te r R is k R ed uc tio n an d M an ag em en t A ut ho rit y, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op a nd d is tri bu te Tr ai ni ng M an ua l, In fo rm at io n, E du ca tio n, an d C om m un ic at io n (IE C ) m at er ia ls o n bu ild in g co ns tru ct io n, re tro fit tin g, an d re no va tio n Tr ai ni ng m at er ia ls o n bu ild in g co ns tru ct io n, re tro fit tin g, a nd re no va tio n w ill b e de ve lo pe d an d di st rib ut ed M ed iu m T er m D ep ar tm en t o f U rb an D ev el op m en t a nd B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, U ni ve rs iti es , I ns tit ut e of E ng in ee rin g C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t 173Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P ro m ot e re se ar ch an d de ve lo pm en t o f co ns tru ct io n te ch no lo gy , m at er ia ls , i nf ra st ru ct ur e de si gn , a nd m an ag em en t fo r “ B ui ld B ac k B et te r” in di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n an d re co ns tru ct io n an d cl im at e ch an ge a da pt at io n W ith d ev el op m en t o f im pr ov ed te ch no lo gy , th e re co ns tru ct io n w ill be b et te r a nd s tro ng er M ed iu m T er m U ni ve rs iti es , I ns tit ut e of E ng in ee rin g, D ep ar tm en t of U rb an D ev el op m en t an d B ui ld in g C on st ru ct io n, D ep ar tm en t of W at er In du ce d D is as te r M an ag em en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t B ui ld c ap ac ity o f E ng in ee r, bu ild er s, c ar pe nt er s, m as on , c on tra ct or s an d su pp lie rs t hr ou gh t ra in in g an d aw ar en es s ra is in g pr og ra m fo r d is as te r re si st an t a nd b et te r re co ns tru ct io n C ap ac ity fo r “ bu ild ba ck b et te r” in re co ns tru ct io n w ill b e de ve lo pe d M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f L ab or , E m pl oy m en t a nd S oc ia l S ec ur ity , M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try of P hy si ca l I nf ra st ru ct ur e an d Tr an sp or t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l G ov er nm en t, Fe de ra tio n of C on tra ct or ’s A ss oc ia tio n of N ep al 174 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y P re pa re a nd c on du ct aw ar en es s ra is in g pr og ra m s on d is as te r re si st an t c on st ru ct io n pr oc ed ur es a nd d is as te r ris k re du ct io n th ro ug h na tio na l a nd lo ca l l ev el ra di o, T V, P rin t a nd o nl in e m ed ia A w ar en es s le ve l w ill be in cr ea se d on di sa st er re si st an t co ns tru ct io n pr oc ed ur es a nd di sa st er ri sk re du ct io n M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f C om m un ic at io n an d In fo rm at io n Te ch no lo gy , M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , M ed ia P ur su e E ar th qu ak e, flo od , l an ds lid e an d ot he r na tu ra l d is as te r r es is ta nt co ns tru ct io n pr oc ed ur es in R ec on st ru ct io n S tru ct ur es w ill b e re si st an t t o na tu ra l di sa st er s M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P ur su e th e pr in ci pl e of gr ee n de ve lo pm en t a nd “b ui ld b ac k be tte r” in re co ns tru ct io n R ec on st ru ct ed st ru ct ur es w ill be s tro ng er a nd en vi ro nm en t f rie nd ly M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 175Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y M ak e ar ra ng em en t o f jo in t m on ito rin g sy st em to en su re u ph ol di ng b ui ld in g co de a nd u se o f q ua lit at iv e co ns tru ct io n m at er ia ls in in fra st ru ct ur e an d bu ild in g re co ns tru ct io n R ec on st ru ct ed st ru ct ur es w ill b e st ro ng er M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al P ro hi bi t ho us in g de ve lo pm en t, la rg e sc al e co ns tru ct io n, a nd es ta bl is hi ng in du st ry a t hi gh ri sk a re as a nd r ev is e th e la nd u se p ol ic y to m ak e an a rr an ge m en t fo r ad op tin g di sa st er ri sk a nd vu ln er ab ili ty a s ba si s in la nd c la ss ifi ca tio n La nd c la ss ifi ca tio n w ill be b as ed o n di sa st er ris k an d st ru ct ur es w ill no t b e co ns tru ct ed a t hi gh ri sk a re as M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f A gr ic ul tu re , La nd M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try of L aw , J us tic e an d Pa rli am en ta ry A ffa irs , M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, M in is try of F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 176 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 St ra te gi c A ct iv ity Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Ti m e Fr am e R es po ns ib le A ge nc y Su pp or tin g A ge nc y R es et tle th e in te rn al ly di sp la ce d pe op le a t l ow ris k ar ea s R es et tle d ar ea s w ill b e sa fe fr om d is as te r r is k M ed iu m T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try of A gr ic ul tu re , L an d M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es o f t he G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d s Lo ca l go ve rn m en ts C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al R el oc at e se ttl em en ts o f hi gh ri sk a re as to th e lo w ris k ar ea s S et tle m en ts o f h ig h ris k ar ea s w ill b e s af e fro m d is as te r r is k Lo ng T er m M in is try o f H om e A ffa irs , M in is try o f F ed er al A ffa irs a nd G en er al A dm in is tra tio n, M in is try of A gr ic ul tu re , L an d M an ag em en t a nd C oo pe ra tiv es , M in is try of U rb an D ev el op m en t of th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al , P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l go ve rn m en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al D ev el op in te gr at ed se ttl em en ts w ith p la nn in g of p hy si ca l i nf ra st ru ct ur es in re co ns tru ct io n R ec on st ru ct io n w ill be b et te r w ith th e de ve lo pm en t o f pl an ne d se ttl em en ts Lo ng T er m M in is try o f U rb an D ev el op m en t, P ro vi nc e an d Lo ca l g ov er nm en t C on ce rn ed M in is tri es o f th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al N ot e: T he a bo ve -m en tio ne d m in is tr ie s an d de pa rt m en ts m ay b e ch an ge d in a cc or da nc e w ith th e ch an ge s m ad e by th e G ov er nm en t o f N ep al 177Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 FINANCING FOR IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN Chapter 8 178 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 179Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 financing for imPlementing tHe strategic action Plan Arrangement of financial resources will be made in the following ways for the effective and efficient implementation of this Strategic Action Plan. 1. Process of formal resource allocation a. Regular budget allocation of sectoral Ministries and Departments b. Budget for the projects/programs on disaster risk reduction and management in sectoral Ministries and Departments c. After the major disaster events, special arrangement for budget in each department for recovery and reconstruction d. “Budget Transfer Mechanism” after major disaster event to allow budgetary allocation from project funds to be used in recovery and reconstruction for the same sector 2. Public expenditure management at Provincial and Local level a. Budget for the projects/programs on disaster risk reduction and management at provincial and local levels b. Achievement-based grant on the disaster risk reduction and management sector c. Additional grant for extra expenditure on Disaster Risk Reduction 3. Resources from regulatory processes a. Regulation on urban and regional plan, land plotting and other physical and environmental plan b. Conditions of construction rules, construction codes and licensing of construction Industry c. Conditions of Procurement Agreements 180 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 d. Advertisement fees from Educational Curriculum and Public Information Campaign e. Conditions of Insurance, Banking Transaction and Loan f. Tax on Property evaluation and, purchase and sale g. Royalty from Natural Resources (Forest, wild animals, birds, water utilization, gravel, sand, mines, and minerals, fish) 4. Dedicated "Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund" at Federal, Provincial, Local and Community level 5. Investment by private institutions, Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, cooperatives, banks, financial institutions, and insurance companies 6. Assistance from development partners (bilateral, multi-lateral, UN agencies) 7. Wide coverage and easy access of insurance facilities including fast settlement for post-disaster claims 8. Tax incentive for upholding Building Construction Code and retrofitting based on the approach of “Build Back Better” and Green Development 9. Tax and levy in the petroleum products for financing the activities for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation 10. Support from private sectors through the Corporate Social Responsibility and other initiations 11. Project/program Budget of International Non-Governmental Organizations and Red Cross movement 12. Global climate financing mechanism such as Green Climate Fund 13. Development aid from development partners, such as Asian Development Bank, World Bank 14. Support from Inter-government organizations –(for example, International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) etc.) 181Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING, REVIEW AND REVISION OF STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN Chapter 9 182 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 183Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 imPlementation, monitoring, review anD revision of strategic action Plan There is a need of common efforts of the Government, Governmental and Non- Governmental stakeholders, development partners, political parties and their sister organizations, and private sectors for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Being a part of development process, all government agencies concerned to development need to coordinate and cooperate for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Disaster risk reduction activities should be integrated in the periodic plan and programs and progress should be regularly monitored. The following redresses shall be followed in the implementation of Strategic Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction. 1. This plan of Action will be enforced for its planned implementation preparing periodic and annual plan. Additionally, it will be implemented expanding it in the form of a project. 2. While preparing and implementing programs of sectoral Ministries and departments, this plan of action will be considered as a guideline. 3. Resources will be managed for the continuous implementation of programs and projects on disaster risk reduction following multi-year program and budget based on the priorities. 4. Sectoral Ministries and Departments will be restructured based on the organization and management study report for ameliorating the implementation and management practice of this Plan of Action. 184 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 5. Necessary policy will be formulated for the implementation of this Plan of Action. In addition, the sectoral strategy and action plans will be revised to harmonize with this plan of action. Federal, provincial and local level organizations having their envisioning and special roles in establishment of resilient community, implementation of this disaster risk reduction strategic action plan and its effectiveness depend on the qualitative and quantitative assessments of the efforts made by various organizations that promote resilient community building at the federal, provincial and local level. As such, monitoring at different levels would be required. Post-disaster reconstruction effort needs to be linked to the reduction of future potential disaster risk by applying the build-back-better approach. At federal level, monitoring of implementation of Strategic Plan of Action will be conducted through “Annual Report and Monitoring System”. The National Council formed in accordance with the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017 will conduct monitoring and evaluation of the progress of implementation of this plan of action. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority will coordinate Disaster Risk Reduction, Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. An effective preparedness plays a vital role to make disaster responses effective and to reduce loss of life and property. Therefore, disaster response needs to be linked with disaster preparedness. The executive committee, formed in accordance with Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017 will coordinate disaster preparedness and responses. These high-level committees, at least once a year in February, shall organize a meeting to review the annual progress on the implementation of this Strategic Plan of Action. The disaster management committees formed at provincial 185Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 and local level, will conduct monitoring, evaluation and coordination for the implementation of this strategic action plan at provincial and local level. In principle, monitoring should be conducted by the third party for independent and impartial assessment. The concept of monitoring by third party can be undertaken by appointing a short-term adviser. The Strategic Plan of Action will be revised in every five years. It will be updated if deemed necessary as per the changing context to make it relevant. All concerned stakeholders will participate in revision of the strategic action plan. The Strategic Action Plan will be updated in the following situations: l In case of changes in law and policy of the Government l In the necessity of harmonization with Global Framework and Development l In the need of including learning after major disaster event l On the basis of conclusion and recommendation of five-yearly review This Strategic Plan of Action has been enforced by the sanction of the Executive Committee as per the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2017, Section 8(c). 186 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 references Bhandari GP, Dixit SM, Ghimire U and Maskey Mk, 2009. Outbreak Investigation of Diarrheal Diseases in Jajarkot, J Nepal Health Res Counc 2009 Oct; 7(15):66-8 Bilham, R., Larson, k. and Freymueller, J., 1997. GPS Measurements of Present day Convergence Rates in the Nepal Himalaya, Nature, Vol. 336, pp. 61-64 DWIDP, 1993. 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Natural Disaster Hotspots, A Global Risk Analysis, The World Bank 189Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 190 Disaster Risk Reduction National Strategic Plan of Action 2018 – 2030 United Nations Development Programme Post Box: 107 kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 977-1-5523200 Fax: 977-1-5523991, 5523986 Email: registry.np@undp.org Technical and Publication Support: