Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 2075/76-2079/80 (2018/19-2022/23)

Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 183BaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBBaBaBaBBaBBBaBBaBaaaaBaaaB nknknknknknknknknnknknknknknknknknknnknknknknknknknknkn eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee NaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNNaNaNaNaNN titititititttittitttittitiitittittttit ononononononnononnnonnononononoonnonoonnnalaalalaalaalalaalaaaaaaalalaaaalaaaaala PPPPPPPPPPPPParaaaarrarraaaraaaaaa kkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk anaananananaanananaanaannnnddd dddddddddddddddddddddddddd ittttttttttttttttttssssssssssssssssssssssss BuBBuBuBBBBBBuBBBuBBuBBBuBuBuBuBBuBuffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffererererereeererererererererererererererererrrer ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZone Manageeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeememememmemeememememmemememememmmemememmememeemememememmmeeememmeemeememmeemmemmmmmmmmmeeemmmmemmmmmmeeeeememmmmmmmmmmm ntntntntntntntntntntnttntntnttttnntntnttnntnttntntntntnntnttntnntnntntttntntntntttntnntnntnntnttttnttnntntntnt PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPlalalalalalalllalalallalalalalalalalalalaaalaalalaalalaaalalalallaaaaalaalallaaalalalalaalalaallalalaaaaaaaaallaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 183 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan FY 2075/76-2079/80 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Banke National Park Offi ce Obhari, Banke ii Publisher: Banke National Park Offi ce, Obhari, Banke, Nepal Citation: BaNP 2018. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 2075/76-2079/80, Banke National Park Offi ce, Obhari, Banke, Nepal Copyright: 2018, BaNP- Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright holder. Cover Photo Credit: Front Cover: Four-horned Antelope, Pushkar Raj Basnet / BaNP Back Cover: Tiger (Camera Trap, 2013) / BaNP Printed By: Sigma General Offset Press Sanepa, Lalitpur Tel.: 01-5554029 iii Foreword The meeting of the council of ministers (Cabinet) held in Kalapatthar, near Sagarmatha Base Camp at an altitude of 5146 m on December 04, 2009 called upon international community to take action in mitigating climate change impacts. In the same meeting, it was decided to increase the coverage of Protected Areas by establishing Banke National Park. In this context, the Park was gazetted on Asadh 28, 2067 B.S. (12th of July 2010) to provide additional habitat for wild tigers in Nepal. Subsequently, Government of Nepal participated in the fi rst Tiger Summit in St. Petersberg, Russia from 21-24 November, 2010 and expressed its commitment to conserve tiger by doubling its population by 2022. This area was also recognized as “Gift to the Earth” in 2000 by Government of Nepal. Banke National Park is a part of larger Tiger Conservation Unit together with Bardia National Park in the west and Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India through Khata corridor as well as Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary of India through Kamdi corridor. The park protects parts of Churia range extending from east to west of the country which is very fragile. Any disturbance to the area can bring disastrous landslides and very destructive fl ashfl oods damaging settlements and agricultural lands in the Terai. Besides, Churia recharge ground water from rain water which is important for agriculture and livelihood of the people of the Terai. The park harbors seven protected species of mammals that includes Tiger, Leopard cat, Spotted lingsang, Wild elephant, Striped hyaena, Four-horned antelope, Indian Pangolin). It is one of the newly established National Park of the country and since its establishment it has focused mainly in the infrastructure development for administrative and security purposes. In fact, this management plan is an outcome of the hard work of Management Plan Preparation Team and I would like to take opportunity to acknowledge the support extended by service provider, conservation partners, stakeholders, including BZ communities. Besides, a large number of professionals, practitioners and other stakeholders have made valuable contributions during its preparation. A comprehensive management plan for Banke National Park and it's BZ is very important in addressing the emerging issues and challenges. I believe that this management plan is the fi rst one in this regard. At this juncture, I would request all conservation and development partners to join hands to translate vision into action. At last, I would like to thank all the persons, organizations and stakeholders who extended their support and cooperation to bring this document to this fi nal stage. Man Bahadur Khadka Director General Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve & its Buffer Zone Management Planiv Banke National Park and it’s Buffer Zone Management Plan v Acknowledgement The development of fi ve year management plan of Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone is rarely the task of a single individual or even a small team of experts. Our knowledge and understanding as a team for biodiversity conservation comes as a plan for the fi rst time. We strongly believe that this plan is morally incomplete unless we acknowledge our contributors. I would like to express our sincere gratitude to Director General, Mr. Man Bahadur Khadka, for his never ending guidance encouragement and support. Similarly, I wish to express our gratitude to Deputy Director General as well as reviewer Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattarai for his constant support, guidance in making this plan realistic and implementable. I would like to thank, former DG and External Reviewer, Mr. Shyam Bajimaya for his critical review towards the management plan. A very special gratitude goes to all the management section staffs starting from Management Offi cer (Under Secretary) Mr. Narayan Rupakheti, Assistant Management Offi cer Mr. Bishnu Prasad Thapaliya and Mr. Santosh Kumar Bhagat for invaluable assistance. I would also like to thank task force team members, Assistant Planning Offi cer Mrs. Sarswoti Sapkota, all the DNPWC exports and Conservation Partners (NTNC, ZSL Nepal and WWF Nepal) for their valuable comment and cooperation to improve this plan. For the assistance in the fi eld, I would like to thank all the respondents of the interaction. Similarly, I am are very much thankful to the UC members who participated UC’s fi ve year plan preparation process. I thank profusely to all the BZMC members for participating in BZUC’s plan preparation and providing valuable suggestion as well. In this regard, I would like to thank the chairperson Mr. Gehendra Kumar Khadka. I highly acknowledge and express sincere thanks to technical team member Mr. Saurav Shrestha from Sustainable Development Initiative Centre (SDIC) for his untiring efforts in supporting us in plan preparation which includes fi eld level interaction, write up, analysis, central level interaction and fi nalizing. I would also like to thank other team members of SDIC, Mr. Tika Ram Poudel for supporting in UC level plan preparation process and thanks are also goes to Mr. B. N. Dhakal for preparing Maps. Last but not the least, I would like to thank, Mr. Lal B. Bhandari, Assistant Conservation Offi cer, for supporting in write up and data generation. Similarly, I would also like to thank Assistant Conservation Offi cers Mr. Rabin Chaudhary and Mr. Pramod Kumar Yadav and all the staffs who have been very much supportive to prepare this plan in whatever way they could. Dil Bahadur Purja Pun Chief Conservation Offi cer Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Banke National Park Offi ce Obhari, Banke Date: 2075-06-07 vi vii Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve & its Buffer Zone Management Planviii ix Executive Summary Banke National Park (BaNP) was established on Baisakh 30, 2067 B.S. (13th May, 2010) and gazetted on Asadh 28, 2067 B.S. (12th July 2010). It extends over 550 km2 in Banke district and its Buffer Zone, 343 km2, encompasses parts of Banke, Dang and Salyan districts. It is connected with Bardia National Park (BNP) towards west which further links with Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India via national and community forests of Khata corridor. Similarly, it also adjoins with Kamdi corridor, through national and community forests, and connects Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) of India. It is an important component of Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) which provides additional habitat for tigers. BaNP contains an array of eight ecosystem types such as Sal forest, Deciduous riverine forest, Savannahs and grasslands, Mixed hardwood forest, Flood plain community, Bhawar and Foot hills of Churia range. It is a home to 263 plants, 34 mammals, more than 236 birds, 24 reptiles, 9 amphibians and 55 fi sh species. Out of them 7 species of mammals (Tiger, Leopard cat, Spotted lingsang, Wild elephant, Striped hyaena, Four-horned antelope, Indian Pangolin), two species of reptiles (Python and Golden monitor lizard) and one species of bird (Giant hornbill) are in the protected list of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029. To kindle the conservation spirit in the hearts of people, BaNP has focused on participatory resource management in 1 Municipality and 5 Rural Municipalities in Province 5 (Banke and Dang districts) and Karnali Province (Salyan district). The Park protects parts of Churia range which is very fragile as any disturbance to the area can bring disastrous landslides and very destructive fl ashfl oods. The Park adjoins BNP and provide extended habitat which ensures better chance for the long term survival of various species mainly tiger by providing opportunity for genetic exchange and gene fl ow. Major issues of the Park are insuffi cient grassland and wetlands which is degraded due to anthropogenic activities (illegal grazing); Natural succession that has converted grassland into woodlands; Short north south span habitat for wildlife that has not been able to withhold wild animals inside the core area and drives wildlife to move to the southern forest crossing the east-west highway, and often gets hit by vehicle; improper construction of ramps in the Sikta irrigation which has become the cause of death of wildlife as they cannot come up after they fell down. As in the other National Park, exploitation of sand and gravel has been an issue of the Park for sustainable management. The plan emphasizes to improve the habitat by increasing the area and number of grassland and creating water holes especially in dry areas throught the Park. Focus will also be given to improve Kamdi corridor and manage effi ciently by collaborating with Divisional Forest Offi ce (DFO) and other concerned stakeholders. The plan will coordinate with various stakeholders such as Sikta irrigation, Nepal Electricity Authority, Nepal Telecommunication Corporation and Ncell to manage the infrastructure that has been constructed in the park and BZ in such a way that there will have no negative impact in the conservation of wildlife. Similarly, Transport company operating buses, truck and taxi along with private car and motor bikes will be oriented and monitored so that roadside killing of wildlife will be drastically reduced. The tourism infrastructures will be developed and private entrepreneurs will be encouraged to make their investment to attract visitors and contribute in employment and income generation at local level. Above all, BZ communities will be strengthened to implement conservation, community development, skill development and awareness raising in order to solicit participation in biodiversity conservation. x This is the fi rst Management Plan of BaNP prepared under the leadership of Chief Conservation Offi cer following the Protected Area Management Plan Preparation Procedure, 2073. The plan envisions to provide extended habitat for mega fauna species especially wild tigers of western Terai thereby delivering essential benefi ts for the wellbeing of local people. To achieve this vision, the Park will emphasize on conservation of biological diversity through improvement and management of wildlife habitat involving local communities in participatory manner. The specifi c objectives of management plan are:  To protect and conserve biological diversity of the Park with special focus on protected wildlife species;  To manage and enhance habitat of both predator and prey base species thereby maintaining healthy ecosystem of terai and churia region;  To promote tourism in the Park and BZ through tourism infrastructure development and local culture conservation;  To intensify local communities’ engagement in biodiversity conservation through conservation awareness raising, climate adaptation, minimizing human-wildlife confl ict and improving social and economic well-being of local people; and  To strengthen institutional capacity to carry out integrated conservation and development activities through research, training and cooperation among stakeholders. The plan aims to achieve the above-mentioned objectives through specifi c interventions in Park protection; Habitat management, Species conservation, Fire control, Encroachment control, Research monitoring and capacity building, Climate change adaptation and BZ management. The total budget of the plan is NRs. 1,232,393,911.00 (NRs. One billion two hundred thirty two million three hundred ninety three thousand nine hundred and eleven) with the allocation of 77% in progam and 23% in administrative budget. The plan emphasize mainly to BZ management that includes the budget of BZUCs as well, Park protection, Habitat management with the allocation of 31%, 15% and 10% budget respectively. Taking the bench mark of GoN administrative budget allocation of FY 2074/75, the total allocation budget for BaNP is 64%. The defi cit budget of 36% will have to be fulfi lled by conservation partners and other stakeholders such as different line agencies, provincial and local Government. With the implementation of the plan it is expected it will generate 138818 person days of labour. xi sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h @)^^ ;fn d+l;/ !* ut] sfnfkTy/df a;]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf ePsf] lg0f{onfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ @)^& ;fn a}zfv #) ut] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . o;n] afFs], bfª / ;Nofg lhNnfsf] s]xL efu ;d]6]sf] 5 . of] lgs'~h %%) ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmndf / dWojtL{ If]q #$# ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] 5 . of] /fli6«o lgs'~h klZrddf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h;+u hf]l8b} vftf h}ljs dfu{ / ;fd'bflos jg x'Fb} ef/tsf] stlg{of3f6 jGohGt' cf/If;+Uf hf]l8Psf] 5 . 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Hf:t} g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] k|;f/0f nfO{g, l;S6f l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfsf] gx/, b"/–;~rf/ sDkgLsf 6fj/x? h:tf k"jf{wf/sf ;+/rgfx?n] jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0fdf gsf/fTds c;/ gk'¥ofpg] ul/ a]nf a]nfdf dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg ;dGjo ug]{5 . xii To;}u/L /fhdfu{df oftfoft sDkgLaf6 ;+rflnt a;, 6«s / 6\ofS;Lx?sf] ;fy} lghL oftfoftsf ;fwgx?nfO{ oftfoftsf ;fwgaf6 jGohGt'sf] d'To' x'g]vfnsf b'3{6gf x'g glbg cg'udg / o;sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;+/If0f;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f ul/g]5 . ko{6gaf6 :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] cfo cfh{g a9fpg ko{6g;+u ;DalGwt ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? ljsf; ul/g]5 . lghL pBdLx?nfO{ ko{6g Joj;fodf cfslif{t ug{sf] nflu nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f agfOg]5 . oL afx]s dWojtL{ If]qdf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f sfo{df :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] nflu ;+/If0f, ;fd'bflos ljsf;, ;Lk ljsf; tyf cfo cfh{g / ;+/If0f ;r]tgfdf hf]8 lbO{g]5 . afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / o;sf] dWojtL{ If]qsf] of]] klxnf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf xf] . of] k~r jlif{o Joj:yfkg of]hgf ;+/lIft If]qsf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/L sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhd k|d'v ;+/If0f clws[tsf] cu'jfOdf agfO{Psf] 5 . of] Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] ljz]if u/L kf6] af3nfO{ lj:tfl/t jf:f:yfg k|bfg ub}{ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfo cfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] b"/b[li6 lnPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg ;'wf/ u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf u/fpFb} h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .  lgs'~hdf kfO{g] Hf}ljs ljljwtfx?sf] ;+/If0f ub}{ ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg],  jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg k'g:yf{kgf, ;'wf/ / Joj:yfkg ub}{ t/fO{ / r'/] If]qsf] kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL :j:y agfpg],  lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qdf ko{6gsf k"jf{wf/x? ljsf; ub}{ :yfgLo ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ Pj+ k|j4{g ug]{,  :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ ;+/If0f, hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/, hnjfo' cg's"ng, ;+/If0f ;r]tgf a9fpFb} ;xeflutfTds tj/df h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,  cWoog, cg';Gwfg / tflndh:tf sfo{qmd ub}{ lgs'~h, dWojtL{ If]q / ;/f]sf/jfnf sd{rf/L / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clej[lå ug]{ . o; Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] lgs'~hsf] ;'/Iff, k|hflt ;+/If0f, jf;:yfg Joj:yfkg, jGohGt'sf] :jf:Yosf] x]/rfx, cfunflu lgoGq0f, cltqmd0f lgoGq0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg, ko{6g ljsf; / k|j4{g, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng / dWojtL{ If]qdf ul/g] ljleGg sfo{x? u/L lgs'~hsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug]{ ;f]r lnPsf] 5 . Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] kl/nlIft u/]sf sfo{x? sfof{Gjog ug{ ?= !,@#,@#,(#,(!! -?k}of Ps c/a t]O{; s/f]8 t]O{; nfv lqofgAa] xhf/ gf} ;o P3f/ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . o; of]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf] ah]6 dWo] sfo{qmdtkm{ &&Ü / k|zf;gLstkm{ @#Ü /x]sf] 5 . o; of]hgfdf dWojtL{ If]qtkm{ ;dfj]z ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ef/ #!Ü 5 . h;df dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?sf] sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . To:t} o; Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] lgs'~hsf] ;'/Iff / jf;:yfg Joj:yfkgdf qmdzM !%Ü / !)Ü ah]6 5'6\ofO{Psf] 5 . xfn ;fna;fnL ?kdf o; lgs'~hsf] nflu ljlgof]hg x'g] u/]sf] ah]6 of]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf] s"n ah]6sf] ^$Ü dfq x'g cfpF5 . t;y{, afsL #^Ü /sd k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo, ;+/If0fsf ;fem]bf/ ;+3 ;+:yf jf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoaf6 k"lt{ ug'{ kg]{5 . o; Joj:yfkg of]hgfdf k|:tfj ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]df of]hgf cjlwe/ !#**!* -Ps nfv c7tL; xhf/ cf7 ;o c7f/ >dlbg :yfgLo:t/df /f]huf/L ;[hgf x'g]5 . xiii ACRONYMS ACO Assistant Conservation Offi cer APR Annual Progress Report ASL Above Sea Level APU Anti-Poaching Unit BaNP Banke National Park BNP Bardia National Park BZ Buffer Zone BZCF Buffer Zone Community Forest BZMC Buffer Zone Management Committee BZUC Buffer Zone User Committee BZUG Buffer Zone User Group CBAPU Community Based Anti-Poaching Unit CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBOs Community Based Organizations CCO Chief Conservation Offi cer CCTV Close Circuit Television CIB Central Investigation Bureau CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora DAO District Administration Offi ce DCC District Coordination Committee DFO Divisional Forest Offi ce LSO Livestock Service Offi ce DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation GIS Geographic Information System GoN Government of Nepal GPS Global Positioning System HH Household xiv IAS Invasive Alien Species IEC Information Education and Communication IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources KWS Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary MoFE Ministry of Forests and Environment MoFSC Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NPWC National Parks and Wildlife Conservation NTFP Non Timber Forest Product OP Operational Plan PA Protected Area SWS Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary TCAP Tiger Conservation Action Plan TCU Tiger Conservation Unit ToT Training of Trainers VDCs Village Development Committee VIC Visitor Information Center xv Table of Contents Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................v Approval ............................................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................................ix sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z ......................................................................................................................................xi Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... xiii Contents ...............................................................................................................................................xv List of Annexes ....................................................................................................................................xx List of Figures .....................................................................................................................................xxi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................xxi Part A – The Existing Situation ..............................................................................................................1 Chapter I ...............................................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction of the Protected Area .................................................................................................3 1.1 Name, Location, Constitution and Extent .............................................................................3 1.1.1 Name: Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone.....................................................3 1.1.2 Location ...................................................................................................................3 1.1.3 Constitution and Extent ............................................................................................3 1.2 Access ....................................................................................................................................4 1.3 Statement of Signifi cance ......................................................................................................4 Chapter II .............................................................................................................................................5 2. Background Information and Attributes ........................................................................................5 2.1 Boundaries (Legal, Ecological) .............................................................................................5 2.1.1 Legal ..........................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Legislations ...............................................................................................................5 2.1.3 Ecological ..................................................................................................................6 2.2 Geology and Soil ...................................................................................................................6 2.3 Topography and Drainage (lake, river system and watershed etc.) .......................................6 2.4 Climate ..................................................................................................................................7 Rainfall Pattern ......................................................................................................................7 xvi Temperature ...........................................................................................................................8 2.5 Biodiversity Status ................................................................................................................9 2.5.1 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................9 2.5.2 Fauna .......................................................................................................................10 Chapter III ..........................................................................................................................................11 3. Past Management and Present Management Practices ................................................................11 3.1 Conservation History ...........................................................................................................11 3.2 Protection of the Park ..........................................................................................................12 3.3 Habitat Management ...........................................................................................................13 3.3.1 Grasslands ...............................................................................................................13 3.3.2 Wetlands ..................................................................................................................13 3.4 Anti-poaching and Intelligence Gathering ..........................................................................14 3.5 Tourism and Interpretation ..................................................................................................15 3.6 Research and Monitoring ....................................................................................................15 3.6.1 Research ..................................................................................................................15 3.6.2 Monitoring ..............................................................................................................15 3.7 Human-Wildlife Confl ict .....................................................................................................15 3.8 Administration and Organization ........................................................................................15 3.9 Achievements of Preceding Management Plan ...................................................................16 3.10 Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) Analysis .................................................17 3.10.1 Strengths .................................................................................................................17 3.10.2 Weakness .................................................................................................................17 3.10.3 Opportunities ...........................................................................................................17 3.10.4 Threats .....................................................................................................................17 Part B- The Proposed Management .................................................................................................19 Chapter IV ..........................................................................................................................................19 4. Vision, Goal and Objectives ........................................................................................................21 4.1 Vision Statement ..................................................................................................................21 4.2 Management Goal ...............................................................................................................21 4.3 Management Objectives ......................................................................................................21 4.4 Major issues and challenges in achieving objectives ..........................................................21 4.4.1 Issues .......................................................................................................................21 xvii 4.4.2 Challenges ...............................................................................................................22 Chapter V ............................................................................................................................................23 5. Management Strategies ................................................................................................................23 5.1 Boundaries ...........................................................................................................................23 5.1.1 Legal ........................................................................................................................23 5.1.2 Administrative .........................................................................................................23 5.1.3 Ecological ................................................................................................................23 5.2 Zonation ...............................................................................................................................23 5.2.1 Management Facility Zone .....................................................................................24 5.2.2 Utility Zone .............................................................................................................24 5.2.3 Core Zone ................................................................................................................24 5.2.4 Buffer Zone .............................................................................................................24 5.3 Theme Plans ........................................................................................................................24 5.3.1 Park Protection ........................................................................................................24 5.3.1.1 Status ...........................................................................................................24 5.3.1.2 Issues ...........................................................................................................25 5.3.1.3 Strategies .....................................................................................................25 5.3.1.4 Activities .....................................................................................................25 5.3.2 Habitat Management ...............................................................................................26 5.3.2.1 Status ...........................................................................................................26 5.3.2.2 Issues ...........................................................................................................27 5.3.2.3 Strategies .....................................................................................................27 5.3.2.4 Activities .....................................................................................................27 5.3.3 Fire Management ....................................................................................................28 5.3.3.1 Status ...........................................................................................................28 5.3.3.2 Issues ...........................................................................................................28 5.3.3.3 Strategies .....................................................................................................29 5.3.3.4 Activities .....................................................................................................29 5.3.4 Wildlife Health Management ..................................................................................29 5.3.4.1 Status ...........................................................................................................29 5.3.4.2 Issues ...........................................................................................................29 5.3.4.3 Strategies .....................................................................................................30 5.3.4.4 Activities .....................................................................................................30 xviii 5.3.5 Encroachment Management ....................................................................................30 5.3.5.1 Status ...........................................................................................................30 5.3.5.2 Issues ...........................................................................................................30 5.3.5.3 Strategies .....................................................................................................30 5.3.5.4 Activities .....................................................................................................31 Chapter VI ..........................................................................................................................................32 6. Research, Monitoring and Capacity Building .............................................................................32 6.1 Research Priorities ...............................................................................................................32 6.2 Monitoring ...........................................................................................................................34 6.2.1 Species Monitoring .................................................................................................34 6.2.2 Habitat Monitoring ..................................................................................................34 6.2.3 Fire Monitoring .......................................................................................................35 6.2.4 Tourism Impact Monitoring ....................................................................................35 6.3 Capacity Building ................................................................................................................35 Chapter VII ........................................................................................................................................37 7. Species Conservation Special Program .......................................................................................37 7.1 Royal Bengal Tiger ..............................................................................................................37 7.1.1 Status .......................................................................................................................37 7.1.2 Signifi cance .............................................................................................................37 7.1.3 Conservation History ..............................................................................................37 7.1.4 Issues .......................................................................................................................38 7.1.5 Strategies .................................................................................................................38 7.1.6 Activities .................................................................................................................39 7.2 Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) ...............................................................39 7.2.1 Status .......................................................................................................................39 7.2.2 Signifi cance .............................................................................................................39 7.2.3 Conservation Efforts ...............................................................................................40 7.2.4 Issues .......................................................................................................................40 7.2.5 Strategies .................................................................................................................40 7.2.6 Activities .................................................................................................................40 7.3 Small mammals, birds, reptile, fi sh, amphibians, insects and other animals ......................40 Chapter VIII .......................................................................................................................................42 8. Tourism and Interpretation ..........................................................................................................42 xix 8.1 Background .........................................................................................................................42 8.1.1 Tourism Scenario ....................................................................................................42 8.1.2 Tourism Infrastructure .............................................................................................43 8.1.3 Interpretation Facilities ...........................................................................................44 8.1.4 Issues .......................................................................................................................44 8.2 Tourism Management ..........................................................................................................45 8.2.1 Strategies .................................................................................................................45 8.2.2 Institutional Setup ...................................................................................................45 8.2.3 Impact Minimization ...............................................................................................45 8.2.4 Tourism Product Diversifi cation .............................................................................45 8.2.5 Nature Interpretation ...............................................................................................45 8.2.6 Activities .................................................................................................................45 Chapter IX ..........................................................................................................................................47 9. Other Programs ............................................................................................................................47 9.1 Climate Change Adaptation .................................................................................................47 9.1.1 Context ....................................................................................................................47 9.1.2 Issues .......................................................................................................................47 9.1.3 Strategies .................................................................................................................48 9.1.4 Activities .................................................................................................................48 9.2 Solid Waste management in BaNP ......................................................................................49 9.2.1 Context ....................................................................................................................49 9.2.2 Issues .......................................................................................................................49 9.2.3 Strategies .................................................................................................................49 9.2.4 Activities .................................................................................................................50 Chapter X ...........................................................................................................................................51 10. Buffer Zone Management ............................................................................................................51 10.1 Background .........................................................................................................................51 10.2 Introduction .........................................................................................................................51 10.3 Past and Present Management Practices..............................................................................53 10.3.1 Forest Management .................................................................................................53 10.3.2 Land use ..................................................................................................................53 10.4 Management Strategies .......................................................................................................54 10.4.1 Zonation ................................................................................................................54 xx 10.4.4 Participatory Biodiversity Conservation ...............................................................54 10.4.5 Community Development .....................................................................................54 10.4.6 Income Generation and Skill Development ..........................................................54 10.4.7 Capacity Building .................................................................................................55 10.4.8 Conservation Education ........................................................................................55 10.4.9 Tourism Promotion ...............................................................................................55 10.4.10 Functional Coordination .......................................................................................55 10.4.11 Confl ict Minimization ...........................................................................................56 10.4.12 Regulation of BZ Resources .................................................................................56 10.4.12.1 Management of forest products.............................................................56 10.4.12.2 Management of sand, gravel and boulder .............................................56 10.5 Activities .............................................................................................................................57 Chapter XI ..........................................................................................................................................59 11. Activity, Budget and Logical Framework ...................................................................................59 11.1 Activity and Budget .............................................................................................................59 11.2 Logical Framework Analysis ...............................................................................................60 11.3 Gender Equity and Social Inclusion ....................................................................................76 11.4 Implementation and Mainstreaming Strategy .....................................................................76 References ............................................................................................................................................77 Annexes ........................................................................................................................................ 79-180 Annex I: Flora of Banke National Park ......................................................................................81 Annex II: Mammals of BaNP ......................................................................................................88 Annex III: Birds of BaNP .............................................................................................................90 Annex IV: Herpeto-fauna of BaNP .............................................................................................100 Annex V: Pulished gazette and boundary ..................................................................................102 Annex VI: Activities of BaNP with Budget ................................................................................104 Annex VII: BZ Activities with Budget (VII-1 - VII-10) ..............................................................133 Annex VIII: Park and Securiy Management Offi ce and Post ........................................................164 Annex IX: Administrative structure of BaNP .............................................................................165 Annex X: Physical progress of previous years ..........................................................................166 Annex XI: Calculation of extraction of sand, gravel and boulder by BZUCs ............................171 Annex XII: Landcover details in BaNP and its BZ ......................................................................173 Annex XII: Traditional use right of fi reline, canal going through park and cultural sites ...........174 xxi Annex XIII-A: Participants in the meeting (VIII-1 - VIII-10)...........................................................175 Annex XIV: Management Plan Preparation Team .........................................................................180 Annex XV: Reviewer of the Management Plan ...........................................................................180 List of Figures Figure 1: Location map of BaNP and its Buffer Zone ........................................................................3 Figure 2: River and canal networks of BaNP .....................................................................................6 Figure 3: Annual precipitation at Sikta (DHM 2016) .........................................................................8 Figure 4: Precipitation in the Year 2016 (DHM 2016) .......................................................................8 Figure 5: Annual Temperature Recorded at Sikta (DHM 2016) .........................................................9 Figure 6: Posts at various locations ..................................................................................................12 Figure 7: Location map of grasslands in BaNP ................................................................................13 Figure 8: Waterholes in BaNP ...........................................................................................................14 Figure 9: Potential tourism site .........................................................................................................42 Figure 10: Infrastructure networks in BaNP .......................................................................................43 Figure 11: Administrative map of BaNP and its BZ ...........................................................................52 Figure 12: Land cover map of BaNP ..................................................................................................53 List of Tables Table 1: BaNP at a glance .................................................................................................................4 Table 2: Climatic details of BaNP .....................................................................................................7 Table 3: Rural Municipality and Municipality in BZ ......................................................................52 Table 4: Summary of budget for the management plan (NRs. In thousand) ...................................59 Table 5: Cost of the plan and available budget for BaNP (NRs. In thousand) ................................60 Table 6: Logical framework analysis ..............................................................................................60 xxii Process of management plan preparation The management plan of Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone is prepared following the template of Protected Area Management Plan Preparation Procedure, 2073. In due course, participatory approach was adopted in preparing the fi rst management plan (2075/76-2079/80). Nepal biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2014-2020) was the guiding document from conceptualizing Vision and Goal of the plan; devise strategy and plan activities. In the process, following steps were followed; i) reviewed published literatures, documents, annual reports, project reports; ii). consultation meeting with Park staffs, Nepali Army; iii) discussed with tourism operators; iv) conducted climate vulnerability assessment of National Park and its Buffer Zone focusing on species, habitats, human communities and their livelihoods, and infrastructures v) shared the draft plan including logical framework with Park staffs; vi) Carried out planning meeting and discussion with all Buffer Zone User Committees; vii) Organized sharing of draft plan with Buffer Zone Management Committee members and stakeholders for their comments and input; viii) Conducted sharing of draft plan at central level with Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) staff, representatives of Ministry of Forests and Environment and experts from conservation partners for feedbacks and input; ix) Prepared refi ne draft accommodating all the comments and feedback; x) Forwarded the refi ned draft plan to external reviewers to obtain comments and suggestion; xi) incorporated comments and feedbacks from external reviewer and submitted to DNPWC for fi nal comments and suggestion; and xii) fi nalized the plan and submitted for approval. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 1 Part A The Existing Situation Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan2 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 3 1.1 Name, Location, Constitution and Extent 1.1.1 Name: Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone. 1.1.2 Location Banke National Park (BaNP) lies in the Mid-western Terai of Nepal in between N 27°58’13” to N 28°21’26” latitude; and E 81°39’29” to E 82°12’19” longitude and adjoins Bardia National Park (BNP) in its eastern side (Figure 1). CHAPTER IIntroduction of the Protected Area Figure 1: Location map of BaNP and its Buffer Zone 1.1.3 Constitution and Extent BaNP covers an area of 550 km2 and is bordered by Buffer Zone (BZ) of 343 Km2 in the districts of Banke, Salyan and Dang. BaNP and neighboring BNP, these two Protected Area (PA) complex covers 1,518 km2. The average length of the Park is 63 kms (east –west) with width varying from 7 to 20 kms (north-south). Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan4 Table 1: BaNP at a glance 1989 The late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah gave directive to extend BNP to the east to Banke 1995 Prepared a plan to extend BNP including BZ 2000 Rt. Honorable Prime Minister Mr. Girija Prasad Koirala declared the area “Gift to the Earth" 2009 Recommended to establish BaNP rather than extension of BNP 2010 GoN declared BaNP and its BZ on Baisakh 30, 2067 B.S. (May 13, 2010) from the meeting of council of Ministers held (cabinet) at Kalapatthar, with an Park area of 550 km2 and BZ of 343 Km2 which is spread over Banke, Dang and Salyan district The Park and its BZ was gazetted on Asadh 28, 2067 B.S. (July 12, 2010) 2013 Tiger count using camera trap: 4 individuals recorded 2018 Tiger count using camera Trap: 21 individuals recorded Preparation of fi rst management plan of BaNP 1.2 Access The Park can be reached both by bus and by air from Kathmandu. It is about 10 to 12 hours of vehicle drive from Kathmandu. By air, it is about one hour fl ight from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj (Ranjha airport) and about fi fteen minutes drive to Kohalpur, the Park’s western sector offi ce; and from there half an hour drive to Obhari, the Park headquarters. 1.3 Statement of Signifi cance Terai, the southern lowland region of the country, is important area for biodiversity conservation. Once densely forested, Terai has now been mostly cleared for agricultural expansion and human settlements. BaNP is one of the few areas along with few other lowland PAs where Terai forests remain intact. The Park now harbors a wide variety of wildlife including several species of nationally and globally rare and endangered wildlife. The Park represents the mid-western Terai ecosystem of Nepal. The Park protects parts of Churia range, a hill range extending from east to west of the country which is very fragile. Any disturbance to the area can bring disastrous landslides and destructive fl ashfl oods damaging settlements and agricultural lands in the Terai. Besides, Churia recharge ground water from rain water which is important for agriculture and livelihood of the people of Terai. One of the important features of the Park is that it adjoins BNP in the west which connects with Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS) and Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) of India via Kamdi corridor in the South-east and provides genetic exchange of wildlife among PAs of Nepal and India thereby providing extended habitat for free ranging mega fauna such as tigers and wild elephants. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 5 CHAPTER IIBackground Information and Attributes 2.1 Boundaries (Legal, Ecological) 2.1.1 Legal BaNP was established on Baisakh 30, 2067 B.S. (May 13, 2010) and gazetted on Asadh 28, 2067 B.S. (12 July 2010) with the Park area of 550 km2 and 343 km2 of BZ. The Kohalpur-Surkhet highway is the common boundary between BaNP and BNP. It is the western boundary of the BaNP and eastern boundary of the BNP. The detail of the boundary is given in Annex V. 2.1.2 Legislations 2.1.2.1 National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 (1973) The clause 3 (1Ka) of the fi fth amendment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (NPWC) Act 2029 has made it mandatory that National Parks, Reserve and Conservation Area have to be conserved and managed by the approved management plan. Similarly, 3 Kha (1) also mentions that management plan of BZ should be prepared with the support of respective PAs. The management plan shall be approved by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC). 2.1.2.2 International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna Control Act 2073 (2017) International Trade in Endangered Wild Flora and Fauna Control Act, 2073, generally known as CITES Act, has recently been enacted. This Act has authorized Chief Conservation Offi cer (CCO) or offi cer assigned by him/her of the PA to work as Investigation Offi cer in illegal wildlife trade case and to fi le case in District Court as per the Clause 23. 2.1.2.3 Buffer Zone Management Regulation, 2052 (1996) The Buffer Zone Management Regulation, 2052 (1996) has clearly spelled out requirement of management plan and user committees’ operation plans. The management plan will be prepared by CCO with the support of Assistant Conservation Offi cers (ACOs) and consultant, if required, and submit it to the Director General (DG) of DNPWC for approval. Similarly, under this rule, the CCO can form Buffer Zone User Group (BZUG), Buffer Zone User Committee (BZUC) and Buffer Zone Management Committee (BZMC) which will be responsible to carry out participatory biodiversity conservation in the BZ with the support of Park authority. 2.1.2.4 Banke National Park Regulation, 2071 (2014) Banke National Park Regulation, 2071 has mandated the Park to charge certain fee to the users or visitors for various activities mainly permitted fi shing, boating, camping, jungle walk, jeep drive, elephant safari and helicopter landing etc. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan6 2.1.3 Ecological The Park lies in tropical and sub-tropical ecological zones and the Churia, Bhabar (narrow belt of gently sloping southern foothills of the Churia hills) and Terai physiographic regions of Nepal. The Park is contagious to BNP in the west and provides genetic exchange and gene fl ow across wildlife population between PAs. Similarly, it connects with KWS and SWS of India via BNP and Kamdi corridor and forms larger Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) which ensures better chance for the long term survival of species particularly for free ranging large mammals such as tiger, wild elephants and other rare and endangered species. 2.2 Geology and Soil The geological formation of the Churia range is the determining factor for the soil types of the Park. Exposed rocks consist of fi ne grained sand stone with pockets of clay, shale, conglomerate and freshwater limestone. The Bhabar zone receives boulder, cobbles, gravel, and coarse sand interceded with silt and clay from the Churia. 2.3 Topography and Drainage (lake, river system and watershed etc.) The topography of the Park is very diverse, with fl ood plains, river valleys and gorges, and the Churia hills in between Rapti River in the south and Babai River in the north. The elevation ranges from 153m (near Dhakeri) to 1247m (Kuine ridge Churia near Phurkesalli). The dominant slope of BaNP is in between 40º and 50º in the Churia hill. The Churia foothills fall in between 5º to 30º slopes. The southern side Terai falls below 5º slope and is fairly fl at with deep soil. Two major rivers, Rapti and Babai enclose the BZ. Rapti River forms the southern boundary, whereas the Babai River has demarcated the northern boundary of BZ (Figure 2). F igure 2: River and canal networks of BaNP Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 7 BaNP can be divided into two parts in terms of drainage system: Rapti River basin in the south and the Babai River basin in the north. The Churia ridge forms the catchment boundary and divides the basin. All the rivers of the Park originate from the Churia hills. Main streams in the Rapti catchment (southern aspect) of the Park are Kathauti, Jethi, Syalmare, Ranighat, Jhijhari, Baghsal, Paruwa, Muguwa, Khairi, Sukhar, Lumba/Rolpali, Sauri, Bairiya, Oz Khola and Tilkanya and Malai Khola lies within Babai catchment (northern aspect). Water discharge of these rivers/streams is very high during rainy season. Much of the small streams remain dry during summer season. 2.4 Climate The Park and the BZ has sub-tropical monsoonal climate with summer monsoon from mid-June to early October followed by relatively long, cold dry winter. There are three distinct seasons: hot-dry (February to mid-June), monsoon (mid-June to early October), and cold dry (early October to February). The area is located in the far-western climatic zone and has a tropical monsoon climate with high humidity throughout the year. Summer is characterized by hot, dry and westerly windy weather where temperature can reach as high as 390C. The hot humid days give way to the monsoon season that typically lasts from late June until September when rivers become fl ooded and most of the roads are virtually impassable. Spring refers to a pleasant climate with slightly post monsoon rain and not extreme temperature. The weather in winter is also pleasant with cold morning and nights with occasional cold waves during two months of December and January 40 (Table 2). Table 2: Climatic details of BaNP Season Duration Temperature Range Remarks Winter November to February Temperature drops up to 70 C  December and January are the coldest months  Relative humidity reaches 100% during night  Rains are scanty and winds are not common Summer February to May Day time temperature rises up to 390 C  The hottest period is between late April to early June  This season is usually dry  Man-made fi res are common in this season Monsoon June to September Mean temperature is 340 C  The wettest months are July and August  About 80% of the annual rainfall is received in this season Rainfall Pattern The precipitation data (1985-2016), collected at Sikta irrigation station, received from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) shows rainfall pattern is erratic which rises in certain years and falls sharply within in couple of years (Figure 3). The average annual rainfall of the Park is 1474 mm and about 80% of rainfall occurs within four months of rainy season i.e. June to September. The rainfall data of DHM, 2016 shows the lowest rainfall was received in 1992 with 699 mm whereas 1998 received highest rainfall with 2078 mm. The monsoon months July and August months receive maximum amount of rain (Figure 4). Rains are scanty in winter season although few intermittent showers take place during the period. . Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan8 Figure 3: Annual precipitation at Sikta (DHM 2016) Summer season is usually dry but instances of rains, storm with thunder occurs in March and April. Due to summer rain, water level in the rivers and stream increases throughout the Park. Monsoon rains cause dramatic fl oods and changes in the character and courses of rivers. Figure 4: Precipitation in the Year 2016 (DHM 2016) Temperature The analysis of historical temperature data shows that temperature is slightly increasing (Figure 5). The maximum temperature reaches up to 390c with average maximum temperature of 340c during the summer months. Similarly, the minimum temperature decreases to 70c and average temperature during winter months is 120c. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Precipitation at Sikta across the months of 2016 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 19 85 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 Precipitation recorded at Sikta 1985-2016 Precipita on at Sikta across the months of 2016 Precipita on recorded at Sikta 1985-2016 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 9 Figure 5: Annual Temperature Recorded at Sikta (DHM 2016) 2.5 Biodiversity Status 2.5.1 Vegetation The Park can be divided into three ecological regions: a) Plains, b) Bhabar/Churia foothills, and c) the Churia ridge. Several forest types can be categorized according to the ecological regions. Plains: This is a narrow strip which stretches east to west parallel to the National Highway in the southern part of the Park with elevation ranging from 153 m to 250 m ASL. This region contains various forest types: Sal forest, Riverine forest, Floodplain forest, and Khair-Sissoo forest along the streans. Bhabar/foothills: This is the region north of the plains and at the foothills of the Churia hills. The altitudinal variation ranges from 250 m to about 600 m. The main forest types found in this region are: Hill Sal forest, Mixed hardwood forest, and Riverine forest. Churia ridge: This is the Churia hill region with altitudinal range from 600 m up to 1247 m ASL. Mixed Churia hill forest is the main forest type found in the area with hill Sal forests found scattered in places. The composition of forests, change from site to site even within similar forest types. Forest composition, structure and status change according to the horizontal as well as vertical gradients of the Park. The Bhabar/ foothills of the Churia are more diverse than either of the lowland plains and the Churia forests. Likewise, the western and middle part of the Park are more diverse than the eastern sector. Of the several fl oras recorded in the Park, 263 species have been identifi ed. Sal (Shorea robusta), Asna (Terminalia tomentosa), Chiraunjee (Buchanania latifolia), Bajhi (Anogeisus latifolia), Sissoo (Delbergia sisoo), Khair (Acacia catechu), Dumri (Ficus glomerata), Sindure (Mallatous philippinsis), and Jamun (Eugenia jambolana) are the dominant species in terms of density and basal area. About 20 to 30% of the area is dominated by Sal forest and other species include Barro (Terminalia belerica), Harro (Terminalia chebula), Karma (Adina cordifolia), Kusum (Schleichera trijuga), Bhalayo (Semecarpas anacardium), Tantari (Dillenia pentagyna) and Bot Dhaiyanro (Lagerstroemia parvifl ora). Details of fl oras of BaNP is provided in Annex I. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Te m pe ra tu re in d eg re e ce lc iu s Temperature Recorded at Sikta 1985-2016 Average max Average min Average max April to Sep Average min Oct to March Temperature Recorded at Sikta 1985-2016 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan10 2.5.2 Fauna 2.5.2.1 Mammals The Park is home to 34 species of mammals (Annex II). Among them, seven species are protected under National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (NPWC) Act 2029. These protected species are: Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis), Spotted Lingsang (Prionodon pardicolor), Asian Wild Elephant (Elephus maximus), Striped Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) and Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Similarly, the common species recorded in the Park are Common Leopard (Panthera pardus), Jackal (Canis aureus), Fox (Vulpus bengalensis), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Bluebull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Hog deer (Axis porcinus), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Spotted deer (Axis axis), Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Common Ghoral (Naemorhaedus goral), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata) and Porcupine (Hystrix indica). 2.5.2.2 Birds Birds are good indicators of ecosystem and monitoring of birds is an integral part of management system. BirdLife International has identifi ed BaNP as an Important Bird Area (IBA). To date, 236 species of bird have been reported from the Park out of which one protected bird species is reported under NPWC Act, 2029 i.e. Great Hornbill (Annex III). Similarly, BaNP harbors six globally and 11 nationally threatened bird species. Great Slaty Woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Whiterumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Woolley-necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus) and Hodgson’s Bushchat (Saxicola insignis) are the six globally threatened species found in the Park. Some nationally threatened species found in the Park are Grey Francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus), Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Yellow-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus malarbaricus), Himalayan Vulture (Gyps himalayensis) and Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans). 2.5.2.3 Herpeto-fauna Very little study has been done on the herpeto-fauna and invertebrates of the area. To date, 24 species of reptiles and nine amphibian species have been reported from the area (Annex IV). Asatic (Rock Python) and Golden monitor lizard (Varanus fl avescens) is endangered species reported from the area and are therefore protected species in the Herpeto-fauna list of NPWC Act 2029. Endangered species Gharial was previously observed in Rapti River. However, at present, it has not been reported so far. Other common reptiles reported are Garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), Brookes' house gecko (Hemidactylus brookii), Agama (Agama tuberculata), Krait (Bungarus caeruleus), King Cobra (Naja naja), and Viper (Vipera russelli). The common ambhibian species recorded in the Park include Bull frog (Rana tigerina), Marbled toad (Bufo stomaticus) and Common toad (Bufo melanstictus). 2.5.2.4 Fish diversity Several fi sh species are found in the major river systems of the Park. To date, 55 species of fi sh have been reported out of which 35 fi sh species are reported from Rapti River only (Bhusal and Kandel 2014). Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 11 CHAPTER IIIPast management and Present Management Practices 3.1 Conservation History In 1989 A.D. The late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah during his visit to the Mid-western region of Nepal gave directive to the GoN to extend BNP to the east to Banke, to include forests north of the East-West (Mahendra Highway) up to the Churia Hill ridge in the north. In 1990, a meeting held under the chairmanship of the Zonal Commissioner decided to exclude all the villages north of the East-West highway except Bharaiya village of, the then, Kohalpur Village Development Committee (VDC), Balapur of Mahadevpuri VDC and Nepalgunj Forestry Development Project Complex, and to resettle all the villages north of the highway including Obhari settlement. Later, after his visit and inspection of the area, the Mid-Western Regional Forest Director decided to exclude Bharaiya and Balapur settlements and proposed the area with the following boundary: a) East: Imaliya-Dang Tulsipur Road, b) West: Kohalpur-Surkhet Highway, c) North: main Ridge of the Churia Hills, and d) South: the Mahendra Highway. In 1990, A team including Dr. Tirtha Man Maskey, Mr. Ram Prit Yadav and Mr. Krishna Man Shrestha was formed on 29/07/1990 (2047/4/14 B.S.) to prepare a detail proposal including boundary, list of settlements and Households (HHs), population of the area, area for resettlement if necessary, and compensation to be provided. The team submitted a report to DNPWC and recommended to exclude major settlements, agricultural lands, and Nepalgunj Forestry Development Project area from the proposed extension area. The team proposed the boundary of the extension area as: a) East: Shiva Khola, b) West: Kohalpur Surkhet highway, c) North: main Ridge of the Churia Hills, and d) South: a Park road (to be constructed from Chisapani to Obhari excluding road department’s camp, Chyama and Baniyabhar villages, NFDP and the East-West Highway. In 1995, A team was formed by DNPWC under the chairmanship of Krishna Man Shrestha, Park and People Project, to submit a report on the extension area of BNP. Later, Krishna Man Shrestha and Shiva Raj Bhatta submitted a report to DNPWC on proposed BZ Boundary, and a proposal of Salyan District Administration Offi ce (DAO) and, then the District Forest Offi ce to include Kavrechour VDC and part of Kalche VDC in proposed Park extension. In 1996, A meeting organized by DNPWC on 26/07/1996 (2053/4/11 B.S.) decided to form a ‘Working Team’ to submit a report within one month after conducting fi eld study, collecting and updating information of the extension area. A meeting organized by Banke District Forest Offi ce on 9/12/1996 (2053/8/24 B.S.) coordinated by the Regional Forest Director and represented by District Forest Offi ce of Banke and CCO of BNP estimated the proposed extension area about 598.4 km2 and its BZ 301.57 km2, and suggested to: Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan12 i) extend the BNP as per the boundary descriptions; ii) include the forest in extension area as proposed by Salyan District Forest Offi ce; and iii) protect the extension area by BNP staff; A memorandum was submitted to, the then, HMG by DNPWC for decision on extension to protect catchment of Babai River and its tributaries, and fl ora and fauna through people’s participation. In 1998, Technical report on Biodiversity inventory, Socio-economy, Policy and legal aspect and an Operational Plan was prepared with the support from WWF Nepal Program. In 2000, Rt. Honorable Prime Minister Mr. Girija Prasad Koirala declared the area “Gift to the Earth”. In 2009, Rt. Honorable Prime Minister Mr. Madhav Kumar Nepal and Honorable Minister for Forests and Soil Conservation Mr. Deepak Bohora committed to include this Park under PA system specially to conserve tiger, prey base and their habitats during Global Tiger Workshop held in Kathmandu. Later, in December a Task force including Deputy DG Mr. Megh Bahadur Pandey/DNPWC and a working team including the CCO of BNP were formed. After rapid fi eld visit and interaction with concerned stakeholders, the team recommended establishing BaNP. In 2010, GoN declared BaNP and its BZ on May 13, 2010. In 2010, The Park and its BZ was gazetted on July 12, 2010. 3.2 Protection of the Park The illegal activities in BaNP were controlled since the establishment of Park in 2010. Park protection has been undertaken by a battalion of Nepal Army. The battation headquarters is Obhari and security posts at various strategic locations (Figure 6). Regular patrolling effort from the security posts established in the Park has been one of the major activities to ensure protection. The protection of the Park has resulted in the increase of wildlife population. The increased number of tiger and sighting of other wildlife is an indicator of an effective protection and management. F igure 6: Posts at various locations Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 13 3.3 Habitat Management 3.3.1 Grasslands Several grasslands are located in the lower belt of the Park. Most of the grasslands are small in area (Figure 7). Figure 7: Location map of grasslands in BaNP The small sparsely distributed wooded grasslands are found at Gotheri and Thuria and consist of Siru (Imperata cylindrica), Kansh (Saccharum spontaneum), and Jobh (Vetiveria zizanoides). Similarly, Thulo Narkat (Arundo donax) and Narkat (Phragmites karka) are found in Babai and Rapti valley of BZ. Pristine wildlife habitats in the Park include inner part of Thuria valley, Khairi khola, and Sukhar Khola. 3.3.2 Wetlands There are several natural water sources which include rivers, streams, spring sprouts and small puddles. Rapti and Babai rivers are two major rivers which run along the southern and the northern boundary of the Park. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan14 Important water ponds and water holes inside the forest of foothills of Churia and low lands are Tharu bas, Tirtire, Jethi nala, Giddeni Chaur, Jhijhari Khola, Lute pani, Thuriya Khola, Kaala pani, Khairi Khola, Aghaiya, Rolpali Khola, Bhatti Khola, Bairiya Khola, Buchapur, Obhari, Sukai Khola, and Gotheri (Figure 8). BaNP has also created waterholes in Giddeni chaur, Jalseni, Khadkabhar, Chunbhatti, Buchapur, Thuria, Pani muhan and Rani gajuri. 3.4 Anti-poaching and Intelligence Gathering Before establishment of the Park, poaching in the area was common. Easy access to the area due to highways, proximity to the Indian border, and poor socio-economic status of the local people were the major causes of poaching. Collection of asparagus tubers, medicinal plants, killing of wild boars was common and occasionally tigers were also killed. The establishment of the Park and patrolling has controlled poaching. Intelligence gathering is the fi rst step towards an effective anti-poaching operation. Anti-Poaching Unit (APU) is established under CCO to counteract illegal activities in and around the Park. The APU concentrates in collecting information on illegal activities by coordinating concerning institutions such as security units and District Forest Offi ces. APU also coordinates with locally hired community informants who hold substantial information on poaching and illegal trade of wildlife and timber smuggling. In addition to this, there are Community Based Anti-Poaching Units (CBAPUs) in all the BZUC. These CBAPUs organize regular activities to raise awareness about consequences of involvement in poaching. The CBAPU activities of BaNP are also closely coordinated with BNP. Fig ure 8: Waterholes in BaNP Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 15 3.5 Tourism and Interpretation Since the newly establishment of BaNP, there is a very little tourism activity in the Park. The Park’s diverse physiography, unique landscape, biodiversity and social cultural dimension of BZ provide plenty of attractions for tourism. There are many potential areas for tourism development in the Park. Jeep safari, elephant safari and jungle walk in specifi ed areas could be major tourist attractions in the Park. Deuti Bajai temple of Deurali Dada, Jhakri Temple of Jhijhari chure dada and Kukurgauda are some of the culturally important places of BaNP. Similarly, cultural museum, cultural show and rafting and angling in Rapti and Babai rivers could be major tourist attraction in the BZ. BaNP has no interpretation facilities for the visitors and requires at least one Visitor Information Centre in each Sector for the long-term tourism success. 3.6 Research and Monitoring 3.6.1 Research As per the arrangement made by the DNPWC, there is well-spoken instruction that the researcher from overseas must get an approval from the Ministry of Forests and Environment prior to conducting any research in the PA. However, the national researchers can conduct with the permission of particular PA also. The researcher is also obliged to report his/her progress of research and study in written to Park management. This is one of the newly established Park and therefore researches are very few in numbers. The Park needs to work out on research needs and priorities and establish links with universities and conservation partners. 3.6.2 Monitoring Monitoring of the Park is done on a regular basis by the guard posts in their respective areas. A team comprising of management post staffs and army post staff carry out patrolling on a daily basis by different means such as real time SMART patrolling, walking, bicycles and vehicles. Real time SMART patrolling has been considered very effective tool for monitoring as the movement of security personnel at various locations is seen in real time. In addition to this, the teams send instant information on sightings of wildlife and any illegal activities inside the Park. Whenever deemed necessary, the frequency of patrolling is increased. The CCO and Army commander visit posts separately or jointly to observe physical facility and to motivate the staffs. 3.7 Human-Wildlife Confl ict Livestock depredation by wildlife is common in the BZ area. Tiger and leopard are the main animals that kill livestock such as goats and pigs. Similarly, agricultural crop damage by wildlife is also a major cause of human-wildlife confl icts. Major crop-damaging animals are wild boar, monkey and spotted deer. Human-wildlife confl ict is an issue to be addressed effectively and effi ciently. 3.8 Administration and Organization The administration of the Park is headed by CCO who is stationed at the headquarters. Under the CCO, there are 3 ACOs. Two ACOs lead sectors which are located at Kohalpur (Western), and Kusum (Eastern), where as one ACO is responsible to look after BZ and monitoring section at headquarter. These sectors provide administrative and technical support as assigned by the headquarters. The ACOs are supported by Rangers who supervises Range posts and communicate with BZ communities and implement Park activities. The smallest administration unit of the Park is the guard post which is managed by Senior Game Scout or Game Scout and delivers the work assigned by Range post. Similarly, there is a BZMC to implement BZ program. The BZMC manages the funds received from the park. The CCO serves as member secretary of the BZMC and provides technical support. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan16 3.9 Achievements of Preceding Management Plan This is the fi rst management plan of BaNP. However, an inception plan was developed to establish the Park and guide conservation activities since its establishment. As per the guiding documents, a draft management plan was also prepared. Based upon the guiding document and draft plan, major focus was given in infrastructure development such as offi ce buildings and staff quarters for staff and security personnel in various posts, sectors and headquarter and Hattisar (elephant stable). Within the eight years of Park establishment, altogether 46 buildings (30 for Park and 16 for security unit) have been constructed at strategic locations for park administration, management and security purposes (Annex X). The infrastructure developed in the head quarter includes the offi ce headquarters at Obhari and 4 staff quarters; one training hall, building for park offenders, garage and waiting houses. For the two sectors, 2 sector offi ces and 2 residential quarters have been built at Kohalpur and Kusum respectively. In Kohalpur sector, one building for BZMC offi ce has also been constructed. Similarly, construction of buildings for range posts, guard posts and elephant stables including shade house have been completed at various locations (Annex X). On the security side, offi ce headquarter has been built at Obhari, adjacent to Park headquarters, including 5 other residential houses. Similarly, the houses for security unit have been built at various locations (Annex X). The infrastructure such as garage, waiting place (gol ghar) have also been constructed. The Headquarters, sector offi ces, range posts, and guard posts including buildings of security personnel are equipped with furnitures, computers and other required logistics. Similarly, vehicle, motorbikes and bicycles were also procured during the period. On the infrastructure development for mobility and patrolling, various networks of fi re lines including wooden bridges have been constructed. Altogether 145 km fi re line has been constructed, since the establishment of the Park, and out of them 66 km road is graveled and remaining 79 km is earthen road (Annex X). Apart from patrolling purpose, the fi re lines are also constructed as the access road for Sikta irrigation. These fi re lines are repaired and maintained every year. Infrastructure for tourism includes 14 watch towers at various places which include 4 RCC watch towers. The wildlife rescue cage has also been constructed in Khairee khola to keep injured or orphan wildlife. On the habitat management side, 190 ha of grassland have been developed for prey base species at 15 places which ranges from 5-20 ha and these grasslands are managed every year. The area of these grasslands needs to be increased in the next fi ve-year period. Similarly, 26 wetlands and water holes have been constructed and restored. BaNP has worked with local communities to form BZ institutions such as BZUGs, BZUCs and BZMC in all the municipalities and rural municipalities of three districts of Banke, Dang and Salyan. The fi rst BZMC has already its tenure and second BZMC is contributing towards participatory biodiversity conservation involving BZ institutions. In the last fi ve years, the Park invested NRs. 179,750,000 (In Words: One hundred seventy nine million and seven hundred fi fty thousand). In the early years of establishment of the Park, the budget was very low as Park offi ce confi ned its work in exploring appropriate location to establish sector offi ce, range post and guard posts and there were also limited staff. The budget begun to increase from FY 2072/73 as the infrastructure development took place and number of staffs increased. The budget of the Park in the FY 2074/75 was NRs. 82,750,000.00 (Eighty two million seven hundred fi fty thousand) and majority of the budget was invested in infrastructure development such as construction of posts, staff quarters, fi reline, watch towers and bridges etc. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 17 3.10 Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) Analysis 3.10.1 Strengths  Well organized institutional arrangement to implement conservation programmes and security of the Park;  The Royal Bengal Tiger draws attention of GoN along with global community for its conservation;  Encouraging partnership with local communities and stakeholders, including national and global conservation organizations; and  Accessible location of the Park from Kathmandu, Butwal and Nepalgunj and very near to the border of India to attract national and international tourists. 3.10.2 Weakness  Insuffi cient tourism infrastructures such as information centre, ticket counter and entrance gate etc;  Insuffi cient fi eld gears and equipment for fi eld staffs;  Public right of way of forest path for the local people which can be used by poachers also; and  Very short north-south span and very long east-west stretch of Park makes diffi cult to withhold wild animals inside the core area. 3.10.3 Opportunities  Potential site for the GoN to generate revenue by developing tourism infrastructure for national and international visitors;  BaNP has been seen as extension of PA nearby BNP and serves as important biological corridor for tigers between Nepal and India;  Increase income of local people by tourism-based business, enterprises and jobs;  Maintain good relationship between local people and BaNP authority through people’s participation in biodiversity conservation; and  Undertake various research and studies in collaboration with conservation partners and implement the fi ndings in BaNP and other similar areas. 3.10.4 Threats Collection of gravel sand and boulder on an unsustainable manner is posing threat to biodiversity conservation; Couple of transmission lines go through the BaNP which can be detrimental for wildlife if accidents occur; The wildlife can be killed in highway while crossing; The wildlife can be drowned in the Sikta Irrigation Canal;  Increasing human-wildlife confl ict; Habitat loss both by fragmentation and encroachment;  Poaching and illegal trade of wildlife and its derivative; Timber theft and smuggling;  Possibility of fl ash fl ood in the rainy season; and  Forest fi re prone area. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan18 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 19 Part B The Proposed Management Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan20 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 21 CHAPTER IVVision, Goal and Objectives 4.1 Vision Statement BaNP and its BZ is visualized as an extended habitat for mega fauna species especially wild tigers in western Terai of Nepal, where local people can live in harmony with nature which eventually contributes to well-being of the local community. 4.2 Management Goal The goal of BaNP and BZ management is to conserve and maintain ecological integrity of the Park that eventually supports to livelihood improvement of the people living in BZ. 4.3 Management Objectives  To protect and conserve biological diversity of the Park with special focus on protected wildlife species;  To manage and enhance habitat of both predator and prey base species thereby maintaining healthy ecosystem of terai and churia region;  To promote tourism in the Park and its BZ through tourism infrastructure development and local culture conservation;  To intensify local communities’ engagement in biodiversity conservation through conservation awareness raising, climate adaptation, minimizing human-wildlife confl ict and improving social and economic well-being of local people; and  To strengthen institutional capacity to carry out integrated conservation and development activities through research, training and cooperation among stakeholders. 4.4 Major issues and challenges in achieving objectives 4.4.1 Issues  Natural succession and invasion by woody vegetation leading to limited grasslands;  Inadequate resources for maintenance of grassland has hindered growth of prey base species;  Inadequate resources for creation and maintenance of wetlands in relatively dry areas;  Uncontrolled livestock grazing, encroachment for agriculture land, collection of fi rewood and timber before the gazettement of the Park resulting in Churia degradation;  Uncontrolled grazing, uncontrolled forest fi res during dry season and timber smuggling resulting in BZ forest degradation;  Limited capacity of BZ institutions;  Haphazard garbage disposal, especially empty plastic water bottles and polythene bags with garbage along the highway; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan22  Operation of cremation site at Agaiya, haphazard use of fi rewood for burning dead body and polluting the adjacent Park periphery through plastic bottle and other non-degradable materials; and  Human-wildlife confl ict in the BZ. 4.4.2 Challenges  Very short north-south span and very long east-west stretch of Park makes diffi cult to withhold wild animals inside the core area;  Road accident killing wildlife while crossing highway from Park to national forest and vice-versa;  Unsustainable harvest of forest, overgrazing and other climate induced disasters including fi re and fl oods along the Kamdi corridor which lies outside the BZ of the park;  Sikta irrigation canal has fragmented the corridor in the core and BZ forests also leading to deaths by drowning due to inappropriate design of the ramps;  BZ resources like sand, gravel boulder, Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and driftwood is yet to be regulated in sustainable manner due to over exploitation; and  The encroachment problem initiated before the establishment of Park and its BZ particularly is yet to be resolved. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 23 CHAPTER VManagement Strategies 5.1 Boundaries 5.1.1 Legal The boundary of BaNP is well defi ned and duly notifi ed with the publication in Nepal gazette on Ashadh 28, 2067 B.S. (12 July 2010). The area of BZ is also well demarcated on ground with natural landmarks such as rivers, ridges and other land features (Annex V). 5.1.2 Administrative BaNP headed by under-secretary (Tech) level CCO, stationed at the headquarters, and responsible for overall management. The headquarters of the Park has technical, administration and fi nancial sections. As per new organization & management structure, there are 153 approved posts that include position of elephant management as well. Out of the approved position only 129 positions are fulfi lled (Annex IX). Administration and fi nance is operated as per the prevailing government norms, policies and regulation and the CCO is supported by Administration Assistants and Finance Assistant who are deployed by Administration Services and Account and Treasury Control Offi ce respectively. The skills and knowledge of administration and fi nancial staff are enhanced regularly, through various trainings, to deliver the output more effectively and effi ciently. Good governance will be maintained from guard posts, range posts, sectors and up to headquarters by making the staff accountable in their duty. Every year, the staffs are appreciated or rewarded for their good performance to promote good administration. Similarly, the staffs are provided uniform, ration and fi eld gears to motivate to deliver good administration services. 5.1.3 Ecological The Park connects KWS and SWS of India through BNP and Kamdi corridor respectively to form larger TCU. The management intervention will focus to restore and maintain corridors for the movement of tigers and wild elephants and other large mammals in larger habitat. 5.2 Zonation Zonation is a ideal management tool that enables the spatial management of a PA to achieve both protection of the area’s key ecological features and management of sensitive habitats, alongside sustainable utilization of the area for tourism and other uses. The objective of management zoning system is to maintain different levels of use and protection according to the identifi ed zone to best preserve the values for which the PA is established. Zonation allows managers to achieve different management aims in different parts of the PA. Zoning also provides a framework for planning by designating zones with different management objectives and allowable human impacts. This ensures a balance / trade-off between conservation and development objectives. It allows the planners to focus proposed conservation and development activities and resources on different zones depending on management objectives of specifi c sites within the PA. The use of this methodology will enhance conservation planning by ensuring effective conservation and development. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan24 Important prime habitats of endangered species especially tiger habitat should be kept undisturbed to increase their population. Although, BaNP has not adopted zoning so far, primary factors in establishing the zonation plan are the need to protect especially fragile and vulnerable habitats and the need to manage and mitigate human impacts. In order to achieve different management objectives in different parts of the Park, four main zone types have been identifi ed. 5.2.1 Management Facility Zone This is the zone inside Park occupied by the infrastructures developed for administration, security and accommodation for staffs including hattisar. It comprises area occupied by Park headquarters and army offi ces together with sectors, range posts and guard posts established at strategic locations. This is the zone where administrative facility is provided to the local people, researchers and visitors. 5.2.2 Utility Zone This is an area of the Park allocated for limited recreational activities for the visitors along with nature interpretation services for conservation awareness. This includes hotels, religious sites, fi re line, jungle drive and elephant ride routes, jungle walk routes, and public work installation areas. The main objective of managing this zone is to regulate tourism in the core area by minimizing the disturbance to wildlife and its habitat and to enhance visitors’ satisfaction through providing wilderness experience. It is also the area provided to local people’s legal provision for the transportation from the core area. There are mainly four routes as per BaNP regulation 2071. 5.2.3 Core Zone The area of Park apart from facility zone and utility zone are set out as core area. It is wilderness area which includes all parts of the Park, except for management facility zone and utility zone. The key objective of this zone is protection and maintenance of the natural state of ecosystems and provides suitable habitat for wildlife and to encourage research and science-based management intervention. 5.2.4 Buffer Zone This is the area surrounding the core area which includes all the BZCFs, settlements and private lands where environment-friendly development activities will be carried out to reduce dependency of people on forest resources and improve livelihood of local people living in the area. 5.3 Theme Plans 5.3.1 Park Protection 5.3.1.1 Status Poaching of wildlife for meat, skin, horn etc. are the main threats in BaNP. Unless there is no effective Park protection, any other means of conservation would not make the conservation success. Park protection is one of the important activities of entire Park management. Nepal Army has been deployed in the protection to enforce NPWC Act, 2029 and subsequent conservation legislation. Park protection has been undertaken by a battalion of Nepal Army at BaNP. The battalion, headed by lieutenant colonel, has its headquarters at Obhari and one company in Chisapani, Kohalpur and Kusum. Similarly, there are 14 security posts at strategic locations to guard and secure the core area (Annex VIII). Some of the security posts are jointly hosted by Park staff for administrative and technical tasks. Staff/Army deployed in these posts patrol their respective areas regularly to ensure that there Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 25 are no illegal activities in the core area and BZ of the Park. Patrolling is done either on foot or by using bicycle, motorcycle, vehicle or elephant depending upon situation. Elephant has been one of the important means of transportation used for patrolling to move into the dense forest. 5.3.1.2 Issues  The movement of local people using public right of way inside the core area (Annex XII);  Communication in all the parts of the Park is diffi cult;  Patrolling by vehicle is not possible in rainy season due to lack of all-weather road or fi re line;  The infrastructure such as facility of drinking water system and electrifi cation is inadequate; and  There is insuffi cient budget for maintenance and repair of electrical and mechanical equipment. 5.3.1.3 Strategies  Improve infrastructure for mobility and accommodation in the park in all seasons;  Patrolling through foot trail, bicycle, elephant, vehicle, real time SMART patrolling to minimize illegal activities using various available physical means;  Explore and use innovative and advance technology to monitor sensitive areas during high risk periods;  Establish information collection and purchase mechanisms with local informants;  Mobilize park staff and army as per situation;  Establish and strengthen information sharing and reporting mechanisms with key stakeholders including Central Investigation Bureau (CIB), BNP, SWS India, and Divisional Forest Offi ces and local communities;  Establish and strengthen communication facilities; and  Strengthen community based anti-poaching and information gathering mechanisms, 5.3.1.4 Activities  Construct 1 wildlife crossing bridge, 1 fl y over bridge and 2 underpass at strategic locations, in coordination with Department of Road (DoR), within the 25 km highway to facilitate wildlife movement;  Install Close Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in the highway from Obhari to Kusum and undertake regular maintenance;  Liase with Telecommunication Company to establish communication towers for effective communication;  Establish radio communication throughout the Park including repair and maintenance;  Construct 60km fi reline just below Churiya from Kusum to Kohalpur;  Upgrade existing 30 Km of all-weather water otta shield road with the cooperation of construct additional 50 km of all-weather road networks inside the Park;  Carry out repair and maintenance for 125 km of fi re line throughout the year;  Construct 12 buildings (4 nos. to Park and 8 nos. to security units) at Hattidamar-Salyan, Ambasa, Kyureni, Mahadeva and Balapur to cover gap areas and carry out regular administrative work;  Construct 2 buildings for Hattisar, 4 shed houses for elephants and 3 grain store house at Dhakeri, Buchapur and Khadkabar; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan26  Repair and maintenance of Park and security post buildings including accommodation facilities, power supplies;  Drinking water supply to the posts and security units including maintenance and repair;  Construct 10 watch towers in sensitive areas including repair and maintenance of existing watch towers;  Procure food, supplies and equipment required for maintaining elephant management units on a yearly basis;  Undertake camping, sweeping operation, short-medium-long range patrol to deter poaching and locate leg hold traps of iron set to trap wildlife (especially tiger);  Establish, strengthen, institutionalize CBAPU (Chisapani, Kohalpur, Bharaiya, Dhakeri, Mahadeva Shamshergunj, Sikta, Kusum, Rajkot, Nauwasta, Ghuiyabari) and develop a network of CBAPUs;  Develop a network of CBAPU;  Establish local informants around sensitive areas;  Procure 20 night vision binoculars for Park patrolling;  Procure 100, bicycles, 10 motor bikes including repair and maintenance;  Procure 1 JCV (heavy equipment vehicle), including repair and maintenance, to construct fi re line including repair and maintenance; and  Procure 2 four-wheel vehicles, including repair and maintenance, for sectors to make effective patrolling and Park management; and  Procure fuel for motorbikes, JCV and vehicles. 5.3.2 Habitat Management 5.3.2.1 Status Effective grassland and wetland management is very important for food and water availability for wild animals. Habitat management is largely dependent on the removal of large number of livestock and the management of grazing pressure for which alternative grazing lands and livestock improvement program in the community areas are important prerequisites. One of the major concerns is that the domestic livestock entering the wildlife core habitat should be controlled with active support of BZ communities and institutions. Though there are several grasslands in the Park, most of them are degraded as they are invaded by invasive alien species and woody vegetation. Proper maintenance of grass land will help in the increase of prey base for tiger. Some of the degraded wetlands in the area like Tharu bas, Tirtire, Jethi nala, Giddheni Chaur, Jhijhiri Khola, Baghshal Khola, Lute paani, Thuriya Khola, Kaala pani, Khairi Khola, Aghaiya, Rolpali Khola, Bhatte Khola, Bairiya Khola, Oz Khola need to be reclaimed whereas some other wetlands and ponds like Giddheni Chaur, Buchapur, Obhari, Sukai khola, Thuriya khola, Khairi khola, Aghaiya, Gotheri, Bhatte khola, Bairiya need to be maintained. Most of the wetlands dry up in the summer season and therefore proper restoration and maintenance of the wetlands are also very essential for long ranging and migratory wild animals like elephant. Due to the narrow north-south and long east and west stretch, the habitat in the BZ and national forest are also equally important to provide wildlife as an extended habitat. Apart from this Kamdi corridor, which falls under DFO management, is an important corridor for the movement of wildlife from BaNP to SWS of India due to availability of water which provides breeding ground for several important wildlife species mainly tiger and wild elephant. Recent tiger survey in BaNP revealed tigers moving Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 27 towards the corridor forest and with an increase in number tigers are likely to use Kamdi to move between BaNP and SWS. 5.3.2.2 Issues  There are inadequate and small patches of grasslands in the Park and they are degraded due to invasion by weeds and woody vegetation;  The wetlands dry up in the summer season;  The habitats of churia region is under pressure due to uncontrolled livestock grazing, forest fi res, collection of fi rewood and timber;  Due to the narrow north-south and long east and west stretch, the habitat inside the Park is not suffi cient for wildlife;  There are problems of forest area encroachment in few areas particularly in the north-eastern part and in some areas of the BZ;  The Sikta irrigation canal that passes through BZ forests has fragmented the habitat and has drowned many wildlife to death when they fall accidently into the canal and cannot come up due to improper ramps;  Fish pass has been designed to maintain aquatic ecosystem in Sikta dam and quite often, this dam has been used to trap the fi sh by drying one part of the river; and  Kamdi corridor, which falls under DFO management, is an important corridor for the movement of wildlife from BaNP to SWS of India and this corridor suffers from unsustainable harvesting of forest, encroachment, poaching, overgrazing and other climate induced disasters including fi re and fl ood. 5.3.2.3 Strategies  Improve grassland management in the next fi ve years by using appropriate mechanical equipment for canopy opening and elimination of alien invasive species control;  Enhance understanding and knowledge of grassland and wetland management using geo information science through collaboration with research and academic institutions;  Control grazing inside the park and manage livestock pressure in BZ forests;  Collaborate Livestock Service Offi ce to encourage stall-feeding, replacing unproductive livestock and vaccination against foot and mouth disease;  Network and collaborate with respective trans-boundary PAs to monitor and manage migratory mega fauna species such as Tigers and Wild elephants; and  Adopt communication, education and public awareness among local community and stakeholders in participatory biodiversity conservation; 5.3.2.4 Activities  Carry out spatial mapping of all the grasslands, wetlands and Alien Invasive Species of both the Park and BZ and carry-out periodic monitoring to support management and decision-making;  Maintain grasslands and wetlands on annual basis;  Study distribution and abundance of palatable grass species, recording XY coordinate and conduct regular monitoring of these species;  Manage grassland by clearing 1000 hectares of woody species;  Create grassland of 50 m on the both sides of 100 km fi re line by cleaning, removing shrubs and Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan28 uprooting trees;  Clean the shrub up to 10 m on the both sides of 50 km highway to minimize risks of road accidents and kills;  Carry out regular uprooting, drying and burning of 1000 ha of grassland to produce new fl ush of palatable and nutritious grasses and to reduce forest fi re;  Removal and control of IAS in an area of 250 hectare in fi ve years;  Construct 25 additional water holes (RCC or earthen) at water defi cient areas;  Install 10 solar water pumps to recharge water holds;  Maintenance of wetlands and waterholes by cleaning and removing aquatic weeds;  Undertake activities to enhance, maintain and restore wetlands including its functions;  Install solar water pump to recharge water holes; and  Assess water quality in regular intervals. 5.3.3 Fire Management 5.3.3.1 Status BaNP has extremely dry environment due to its geographical position and experiences forest fi res which causes incalculable harm in extensive area of the Park every year during the summer. Forest fi re creates big threat to wildlife of the Park-especially to reptiles, and small mammals and birds. More than 95% of the fi re cases are caused by peoples’ carelessness during cooking of meal by timber and fuel wood smugglers or throwing of burning match stick, bidi or cigarette by the local people while walking along the fi re line. For controlling forest fi re, Park management has imposed strict prohibition on taking fi re-producing items inside the Park, but it is extremely diffi cult to control as a large number of villagers pass through the fi re line. A network of fi re line has been also created in the Park to prevent spreading of fi re from one area to another. The fi re line needs regular cleaning before the commencement of dry season. The Park also adopts control burning as a management tool every year in spring season (March to May) to prevent forest fi re and grassland management. Every Guard post needs a team of manpower consisting of both Park and army staff, which is trained in fi re management with fi re-fi ghting equipment. 5.3.3.2 Issues  During dry and windy season fi re spreads very quickly due to dried grass, fallen leaves and branches as a result wild life panics and cannot fl ee out quickly for survival;  There is lack of fi re-fi ghting strategy for fi re suppression;  There is no well-equipped fi re- fi ghting equipment at fi eld level to combat fi re incidents;  There is no systematic data collection regarding the occurrence of fi re incidents to analyze the trend for the correction of future course of action;  The fi re lines are not wide enough to cope with surface fi re. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 29 5.3.3.3 Strategies  Develop and maintain the fi re line;  Develop capacity of Park staffs, security personnel, BZCF members and BZ communities to control fi re in BaNP and its BZ;  Increase awareness towards BZ communities about prevention of fi re incidents;  Utilize fi re-fi ghting toolkits very amicably within the Park area; and  Establish rapid response team by involving local people, Park staff and security personnel for fi re fi ghting in Park headquarters, sector offi ce and other fi re prone areas. 5.3.3.4 Activities  Prepare fi re-fi ghting strategic and management plan and implement it;  Clear fi re line or undertake control burning in the fi re lines before the onset of fi re season;  Identify fi re prone areas by using satellite imagery analysis or web-based fi re mapper;  Train Park staff and security personnel and BZCF members for fi re fi ghting;  Provide fi re fi ghting equipment to Park post and BZCFs;  Mobilize fi re-fi ghting team with equipment in order to stop spreading of fi re in grasslands;  Undertake early burning of grasslands on the basis of burning regime and create fi rebreaks annually;  Install forest fi re early warning systems;  Carry out fi re prevention education and awareness activities; and  Establish fi re occurrence reporting databases. 5.3.4 Wildlife Health Management 5.3.4.1 Status It is very diffi cult to treat free ranging wild animals and control epidemic if disease outbreaks. Domestic cattle are potential carrier of diseases to the wild. In BaNP, many cattle enter for grazing specially in summer season whereas wild animals also move into grasslands and wetlands of BZ and there are interactions between domestic and wildlife populations leading to increased interface. It is important to ensure that chances of transmission of infectious diseases between domestic and wild animals is minimized or eliminated. Hence, health monitoring and surveillance of disease outbreaks should be done regularly. Besides, regular and timely immunization of domestic livestock around the Park against major diseases is needed to prevent disease outbreak. Further, road accidents are also resulting in injuries and deaths of wildlife along the highway. 5.3.4.2 Issues  Grazing pressure inside the park resulting in higher interaction between wildlife and domestic livestock;  Increasing pressure of free-ranging livestock in and around the park;  Wildlife health management inadequately addressed in planning and budgeting;  Inadequate capacity to monitor and diagnose health issues in the park; and  Inadequate medical facilities at the park resulting in deaths of injured animals. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan30 5.3.4.3 Strategies  Develop wildlife health centre and orphanage care facility;  Formulate a protocol for wildlife health monitoring and disease surveillance;  Coordinate with Veterinary Offi ces, and seek their support whenever required; and  Build capacity of staff to provide effective medical facility to wildlife. 5.3.4.4 Activities  Establish wildlife orphanage and rescue centre in at least two sectors for emergency treatment;  Carry out regular check-up of elephant at elephant stable and treat them;  Treat injured animal upon arrival at orphanage and rescue centre;  Undertake research and development works towards management of wildlife health;  Coordinate Livestock Service Offi ce (LSO) and conservation partners to provide vaccine to livestock against potential diseases that can be transferred to wildlife;  Support to establish a community based veterinary center with materials required in medical emergencies;  Build capacity of frontline staffs to recognize, record and report disease or poor health condition of animals or plants;  Train staffs to collect sample of blood, faecal matter, urine or vital organs;  Report and document mortality of wild animals immediately after it comes to notice of any staff as part of disease surveillance strategy; and  Coordinate with Livestock Offi ce to undertake post-mortem of deceased endangered wild animals. 5.3.5 Encroachment Management 5.3.5.1 Status Despite the strict regulation, forest encroachment is prevalent in the Park. This encroachment occurred prior to establishment of the Park and there are concrete houses already erected in the encroached area. It has become more challenging when it is close to east-west highway. The Park has already compiled a list of encroachers, organized awareness campaigns, and undertaken fencing of encroached area after evacuation followed by plantation. 5.3.5.2 Issues  Encroachment has fragmented the habitat and obstructs free movement in biological corridor;  Encroachers disturb the habitat with illegal fuel wood collection and tree felling;  Encroachers can be involved in poaching directly or support poachers by providing information about Park patrols; and  The illegal or informal settlers increases encroachment areas as they grow in numbers taking more land for agriculture and expansion of settlements. 5.3.5.3 Strategies  Collaborate with DAO, Nepal Army, BZ communities, Political Parties, Local Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs), conservation partner to evacuate encroachment as per current government policy to control encroachment in more coordinated and effective manner;  Evacuation and plantation of encroachment of Park and BZ forest; and Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 31  Use information and communication strategy to aware the local people about consequences of encroachment. 5.3.5.4 Activities  Spatial mapping of encroached areas and potential hotspots where it can expand;  Demarcate boundary of Park and Settlement area to discourage encroachment;  Issue notice to evacuate the encroached area;  Relocate the legal and illegal settlers residing in Dang and Salyan if they are willing to move outside of the PA by providing skill based training and other livelihood options;  Form committee to address the issues of illegal settlers as unregistered land and encroachers;  Support to improve the livelihood of landless, fl ood victim people who have encroached the Park area for various reasons and evacuate them in win-win situation;  Fencing, plantation and restoration of evacuated and vulnerable areas; and  Coordinate with Local Government Authorities to resolve the encroachment problem. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan32 CHAPTER VI Research, Monitoring and Capacity Building 6.1 Research Priorities Research is essential for every PA as it helps to develop database and supports in decision making process. In order to ensure effective management, there should be suffi cient information on bio physical, ecological and socio-cultural aspects of PAs. In addition, it allows scientifi c management of PA and serves as a tool to solve problems. Thus, research should be oriented towards fulfi lling the management needs. Very few researches have been undertaken mainly by students of Tribhuvan University for their M.Sc. thesis in the areas focusing on survey and other aspect of wildlife etc. In order to ensure research results being applied to the conservation and management of wildlife, there is a need to coordinate with various national and international academic and research institutions and researchers. The formation of a separate research unit to lead and coordinate the research activities is essential to synthesize the research results and makes them applicable in Wildlife management. The status of churia conservation, drying of wetlands, removal and control of IAS, prey base studies and status of corridor connectivity have been top research priorities of BaNP. However, research areas have mostly been determined by the interest of the individual researchers. Therefore, the research will be aligned to the need of BaNP collaborating with different Universities through DNPWC. In addition, more study has to be conducted in habitat suitability in the evacuated settled areas after proper address by GoN, carrying capacity of wildlife population, identifying main causes of increasing death rate of wildlife. Thus, there is a need to set research priorities for BaNP and BZ. The list of priority activities for research is as follows: Species Conservation  Update baseline data on fl ora and fauna;  Compile all available scientifi c information on tigers and prey species focusing ecological, methodological and human impacted topics;  Undertake intensive research on trans boundary movement of tigers and the use of corridors;  Prepare land use plans for critical habitats of tigers in PA’s/BZ and manage them;  Update digital database maps using latest topo-sheets, satellite imageries and aerial photographs for updating tiger information;  Identify indicator species to assess habitat condition;  Study status of Gharial and Mugger crocodile in Rapti river;  Study of distribution and abundance of various prey base species;  Conduct studies on the scale, extent and local variations in the intensity of to help in identifying and designing effective mitigation measures;  Carry out relationship between anthropogenic activities and maintenance of healthy and viable wildlife populations; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 33  Undertake detailed studies on ungulate-habitat relationships and the feeding behavior of ungulates;  Carry out study on spatial distribution and abundance of four horned antelope, hyaena and golden monitor lizard; and  Study ecological processes that affect maintaining healthy wildlife population; Habitat Management  Spatial mapping of critical wildlife habitats and areas of high conservation signifi cance;  Undertake study to assess habitat condition of Kamdi corridor;  Identify indicator species and monitoring on regular basis to assess habitat condition;  Prepare land use management plans for critical habitats of tigers in the Park and BZ;  Study distribution and abundance of palatable grass species;  Undertake study to identify the succession pattern of grasslands, forests and wetlands;  Study the effect of IAS to wildlife habitat;  Collaborate with research institutions and academic institutions to fi nd the appropriate measures for controlling IAS;  Conduct study on the effect of habitat fragmentation and degradation on wildlife survival;  Study and document indigenous wetland conservation knowledge, skills and practices;  Carry out wetlands and grasslands mapping and assess their successional dynamics to inform management prescriptions; and  Conduct research, monitoring and documentation for facilitating water and land use planning and management. Fire Management  Undertake spatial and temporal pattern of fi re incidence; and  Identify fi re prone areas by using satellite imagery analysis or web-based fi re mapper. Tourism Management  Document perception of visitors about the tourism facilities and services from hotels and Park authorities;  Study to identify potential tourism products and their packaging;  Aspiration of hotel operators regarding services and cooperation from the Park;  Conduct study to identify potential site to promote homestay; and  Undertake marketing strategy to attract visitors in the Park and BZ. Climate Change  Conduct study of climate change indicators and impact on biodiversity conservation along with identifi cation of adaptation activities;  Carry out possible impacts of climate change on wildlife population;  Study the impacts of changes in precipitation and temperatures in the biodiversity of the Park;  Undertake vulnerability assessment of species and local communities with respect to climate change; and  Prepare community-based adaptation plans for most vulnerable sections/ areas. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan34 Buffer Zone  Undertake socio-economic condition of local people in the areas where human-wildlife confl ict is high;  Carry out relationship between anthropogenic activities and maintenance of healthy and viable wildlife populations;  Conduct study to assess the optimum quantity of sand, gravel and boulder that can be extracted each year; and  Study to improve the management of cremation site (ghat) to reduce waste at both sides of highway. Institutional Strengthening  Review and upgrade reporting and information sharing system;  Prepare Annual Progress Reports;  Undertake evaluation of fi ve-year management plan;  Prepare next fi ve-year management plan including IEE; and  Undertake study of management effectiveness of the Park. 6.2 Monitoring Monitoring of wildlife on regular basis is very important for the management of the Park. Regular monitoring of wildlife population with a special focus on endangered and rare species, critical habitats and prey base provides information that is vital for timely planning, response and budgeting to improve overall management of the Park. Therefore, to ensure the conservation of the wildlife, regular monitoring is being conducted by the staff. Keeping these facts in mind, the following key areas for monitoring related to wildlife conservation is proposed: 6.2.1 Species Monitoring  Monitoring of tiger on periodic basis based on camera trap;  Monitor tigers around the BZ with local community engagement;  Monitoring of four horned antelope on periodic basis based on direct count;  Monitoring of indicator species;  Monitor prey base species on regular interval;  Monitoring of small mammals;  Identifi cation and monitoring of climate sensitive species on a long-term;  Monitoring of winter migratory water birds; and  Monitoring of globally threatened and nationally protected birds. 6.2.2 Habitat Monitoring  Undertake habitat monitoring, prepare check list of food plants, document physical and phenological changes in vegetation, quantity and quality of discharges in streams and biotic disturbance;  Monitor habitat quality using DNPWC-MIS formats for ground verifi cation, data validation and management implications;  Undertake monitoring of permanent plots, transect lines in forests, grasslands and other habitats;  Monitor impacts of fl oods and extended droughts on wildlife habitats;  Periodic wetlands and water holes monitoring including water quality; and  Monitor extraction of soil, sand and gravel in coordination with local authority. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 35 6.2.3 Fire Monitoring  Monitor spatial and temporal pattern of fi re incidence; and  Monitor fi re and fuel dynamics. 6.2.4 Tourism Impact Monitoring  Monitor tourism impact on social, economic and culture; and  Monitor the contribution of tourism to the poor, women and marginalized community. 6.3 Capacity Building PA management involves complex issues to be addressed for the sustainability of the biodiversity conservation endeavors. Thus, Park staff should have skills on technical as well as managerial aspects of the PA management. Capacity building can be focused at individual, institutional, and societal levels. Within PA management, capacity-building initiatives often target individual managers and aim to promote professional development through building on existing knowledge and experience and providing new concepts and tools to address contemporary challenges. Such training should be of two categories: (i) training for organizational capacity building, and, (ii) training for specifi c target group to enhance skill and income. The capacity enhancement of the Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and the BaNP staff is seen as the basis for the effective conservation of wildlife in BaNP. So far, no specialized training packages are being offered to the members of the BZUGs/BZUCs and the BaNP staff in this respect. General training to the members of local CBOs include, book-keeping, leadership, and enterprise planning and management. While specifi c training to and BaNP staff includes Training of Trainer (TOT), planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Here, partnership can be sought with national and international conservation partners to develop the capacity. The assessment will be carried about the need at different level and curriculum will be designed. It should promote the sharing of best practice experience among the professional of this sub-continent. Promoting collaborative partnerships and sharing of institutional knowledge to build capacity for effective wildlife conservation remains a point of discussion regarding the best management intervention. The following strategies will be undertaken to build capacity of Park, security and BZ communities Strategies  Develop partnership with national and international conservation partners for capacity building;  Enhance professional development by facilitating increased understanding between the parties and their respective countries;  Promote cooperation between conservation-oriented research institutions;  Share benefi ts of institutional knowledge and accomplishments; and  Encourage collaborative research and outreach initiatives; Some of the capacity building activities that are considered important to various BaNP staff are as follows: Park Protection  Orientation training to security troops for newly deployed Battalion before deployment in the fi eld;  Orientation training to frontline staff on legal issues;  Refreshment trainings to the fi eld staffs and security personnel;  Basic training to Games Scouts and Rangers to handle Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment, camera, etc.; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan36  Training on Real-time SMART patrolling to Park staff and security troops;  Conduct anti-poaching operation trainings to Park staffs and security personnel;  Conduct crime scene investigation and interrogation trainings to investigators as per legal provision;  Human rights training to handle the convicted people; and Species Conservation  Wildlife management and handling training;  Conduct training on habitat and population monitoring techniques;  Training about fi eld techniques, including signs, sound and other indirect evidences of different wildlife species; and  CITES training. Habitat Management  Basic training on vegetation analysis for recording data in monitoring plots; and  Provides training to the Park staff in wildlife habitat monitoring. Fire management  Conduct forest fi re management training to the Park staffs, security personnel and BZCF members. Wildlife health management  Build capacity of frontline staff to collect sample of blood, fecal matter, urine or vital organs; and  Build capacity of frontline staff to identify, record and report disease or poor health condition of wildlife; Tourism management  Provide trainings to nature guides to enhance their capacity in nature interpretation specifi cally on wildlife, birds and plants etc.;  Training on nature interpretation and display management; and  Organize the nature guide. BZ  Social mobilization training;  Appreciative enquiry training;  Confl ict management training;  Community-based climate vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning training;  Organization development and management training;  Leadership development training; and  Account keeping training. Institutional Strengthening  General and specialized;  Public administration and management training;  Planning, monitoring and evaluation training;  Database management Training to Rangers and Offi cers; and  Geographical Information System (GIS) training to Rangers and Offi cers. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 37 CHAPTER VIISpecies Conservation Special Program 7.1 Royal Bengal Tiger 7.1.1 Status Historically, tigers were distributed continuously across the lowland terai forests. Surveys, between 1987 and 1997, documented that only three isolated tiger populations remain in Nepal (Smith et al. 1998). The tiger census of 1995 - 1996, in the PAs of Chitwan, Bardia and Shukla-phanta, estimated tiger populations to be 48-49, 30-32, and 15-16 breeding animals, respectively. Of the three populations, only one in Chitwan was studied in detail. The status of tiger and their habitat was continually monitored and showed gradual improvement in the quality of habitat. Additional conservation efforts in and around these prioritized areas have resulted in improvement and restoration of habitat quality leading to signs of tiger and prey movements in some of the corridors adjoining the park. Studies were carried out in confl ict and biological aspects in tiger and its prey base. Conservation education program along with the landscape approach including community based anti- poaching operation added by poaching control efforts and reduction of Park people relationship has improved overall conservation of tiger. The coordination and collaboration at local, national and trans-boundary level should support trade control and conservation of the tiger. The increasing trends of tiger numbers inside and outside the PAs in Nepal indicates that tiger population in Nepal is gradually recovering in some parts of their former range in response to conservation interventions, which is a step towards TX2 and long-term viability of tiger populations as an iconic and umbrella species. These recovering populations are re-colonizing in a rapidly expanding base of community managed forests (Gurung et al., 2006, Gurung, 2008) and BZ management activities. The tiger count of 2013 found 4 tigers in BaNP. 7.1.2 Signifi cance In the early 1990s, it became evident that medicinal trade in Tiger bone threatened to drive the already endangered Tiger to extinction in the wild. Nearly every part of the Tiger body has a value. It is believed that at least one tiger is killed daily for its use in traditional Chinese medicine. An increased demand for endangered tiger parts exists throughout the world. The rising demand for tiger parts and rapid increase in price of tiger bone continues to be an irresistible incentive to poachers. Poaching and smuggling of tiger parts are interrelated cases. Nepal is a transit country for the illegal trade between India and China, and also a country of origin of tiger parts. Lowland areas such as Baghsal Khola, Jhijhari Khola, Khairi Khola, and Sukhar Khola area are important tiger habitats. 7.1.3 Conservation History Nepal’s global commitments for tiger conservation have been much refl ected in various national and international programs including the Global Tiger Forum, CITES, Convention on Biological Divercity (CBD) and other conservation programs. Nepal successfully implemented fi rst Tiger Conservation Action Plan (TCAP) 1999 followed by TCAP 2008-2012. Similarly, the implementation of TCAP Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan38 2016-2020 is underway. BaNP has been considered one of the important activities of TCAPs. The Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) has been selected as one of the ten fi eld learning sites for the PAs Learning Network (PALNet). In fact, the fundamental concept of TAL was strategically adopted at the WWF Global Tiger Conservation Strategy Workshop held in Anyer, Indonesia in September 2000. The other conservation efforts that have eventually become favorable for tiger conservation are the successful community forests and sustainable livelihoods in the lowlands. A network of village-rangers was successfully established for mapping the meta-population structure of tigers throughout Nepal (Gurung, B. 2002). There is a growing interest among the youths in conservation of tiger and other wildlife. Some youth groups have carried out research works, habitats maintenance and even anti poaching operations. These self-emerged groups have become change agents in the local communities through their public awareness campaigns for saving tigers. 7.1.4 Issues  Inadequate knowledge on tiger ecology including carrying capacity, predator-prey relations, demographic patterns and population dynamics, particularly in BaNP;  Increasing climate variabilities resulting in drying up of wetlands;  Decrease and degradation of available grasslands;  Increase in use of poisons, home- made explosives etc. to kill ungulates in agricultural landscapes outside core areas;  The illegal entry of local people for (fi re wood, fodder, grass, etc.) disturbs the free movement of ungulates and ultimately to tiger as well;  The expanding physical infrastructures (canal systems, high-tension electrical lines, highways, settlements etc.) including traditional right of way are the major barriers against the dispersal, gene fl ow among tiger populations and fragmenting intact habitat;  Although the number of poaching incidents was found to be comparatively low in the Park, the volume of tiger parts seizure was comparatively high and since all parts of tiger are consumed in various possible forms of medicines, poachers may collect almost everything of their ‘kill’ leaving virtually no evidences for the Park authority; and  Illegal trade in wildlife products has been possible due to various reasons such as porous boundary between Nepal and its neighbors, less informed custom offi cials on the wildlife products. 7.1.5 Strategies  Improve and restore critical tiger and prey base habitat with a focus on grasslands and wetlands ;  Enhance understanding and knowledge on tigers and its prey base through collaborative efforts with academic/conservation institutions;  Engage local communities (CBOs, NGOs, BZCF and other forest management regimes) in tiger conservation through livelihood improvement and human tiger confl ict mitigation;  Strengthen institutional network and coordination for CITES enforcement to control illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives with special reference to tiger body parts;  Strengthen anti-poaching efforts in and around the PAs through collaboration with and mobilization of enforcement agencies, stakeholders and local communities including community-based anti poaching mechanisms;  Strengthen trans-boundary cooperation at the central and fi eld levels to complement the efforts of controlling poaching of wildlife and smuggling of wildlife body parts; and  Develop information, education and communication strategy to address issues of poaching, road accidents and tiger-human confl icts. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 39 7.1.6 Activities  Compile all available scientifi c information on tigers and prey species focusing ecological, methodological and human impacted topics that have management relevance;  Conduct study and research on tigers and its prey species by collaborating with national and international Universities;  Restore, maintain and manage degraded forests, vegetation in the biological corridors (BZ/national forests and CFs outside PA) by artifi cial or natural regeneration for safe dispersal of tigers;  Restore, maintain and manage degraded wetlands and water holds in the biological corridors by uprooting and cleaning of weeds to maintain a healthy population of tiger and prey species;  Evacuate and restore encroachments in biological corridors within and outside of BZ;  Undertake tiger count in every fi ve years using camera trap;  Erect signages of warning to the passersby in the major rights of ways, resource collection sites and shrines;  Manage human- tiger confl ict and address issues of ‘man-eater’ tiger immediately when informed;  Update digital database maps using latest topo sheets, satellite imageries and aerial photographs for updating tiger information;  Prepare land use plans for critical habitats of tigers outside PA and manage them on the basis of land use plans; and  Conduct awareness campaigns. 7.2 Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) 7.2.1 Status The four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), or chauka, is a small antelope found in India and Nepal. This antelope has four horns, which distinguishes it from most other bovids, which have two horns. Slender with thin legs and a short tail, the four-horned antelope has a yellowish brown to reddish coat. One pair of horns is located between the ears, and the other on the forehead. The posterior horns are always longer than the anterior horns, which might be mere fur-covered studs. The four-horned antelope is diurnal (active mainly during the day). Though solitary by nature, four-horned antelopes may form loose groups of three to fi ve –with one or more adults, sometimes accompanied by juveniles. The Four-horned Antelope inhabits tropical and subtropical habitats, dry deciduous forests, dry Sal forests and grasslands. The Four-horned Antelope is a browser and mainly feeds on grasses, herbs, shrubs, foliage, fl owers and fruits. It needs to drink water frequently; as such it stays in places near water sources. The breeding behaviour of the four-horned antelope has not been well studied. The age at which they reach sexual maturity and the season when mating occurs have not been understood well. Four-horned antelope are mainly distributed in south-western part of the Park. Recent study has estimated a minimum population of 191± 45 individuals in the Park which could probably be the largest population in Nepal (Dahal and Kandel 2013). The research has also identifi ed that the grasslands and Sal forest with woody vine Bhorla (Bauhinia vahlii) are major habitats of Four-horned antelope. 7.2.2 Signifi cance The four-horned antelope is the sole member of the genus Tetracerus, and is placed under the family Bovidae. The species was fi rst described by French zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan40 Blainville in 1816. The four-horned antelope has only one other relative in the tribe Boselaphini, the Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus). The four-horned antelope is a protected species of Nepal and listed in CITES Appendix III by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Furthermore this species is one of the least known mammalian species in Nepal and as such its management is largely hampered by lack of basic information on this species. 7.2.3 Conservation Efforts The current population of Four-horned Antelope in Nepal is unknown but likely to be less than 2,500 individuals distributed in BNP, Chitwan National Park (CNP) and Parsa National Park (DNPWC 2011). This species may be restricted to the Churia range in BNP and areas around Banswari Khola and one of the objectives of BaNP is to protect this unique animal together with tiger. 7.2.4 Issues The four-horned antelope is threatened by the loss of its natural habitat due to agricultural expansion. Moreover, the unusual four-horned skull and the horns have been a popular target for trophy hunters. There is insuffi cient information available to make an accurate assessment of the extinction risk of this species in Nepal. 7.2.5 Strategies  Enhance understanding and knowledge about this less known species through studies and assessments;  Increase awareness towards conservation of four horn antelope;  Manage habitats through encroachment control and wetland restoration as the species needs to drink frequently; and  Collaborate with conservation partner to protect antelope. 7.2.6 Activities  Undertake study regarding various aspects of four horned antelope;  Prepare four horned antelope conservation action plan;  Disseminate importance of four horned antelope conservation in the community;  Carry out spatial distribution and abundance study of four horned antelope; and  Construct water holes for four horned antelope. 7.3 Small mammals, birds, reptile, fi sh, amphibians, insects and other animals 7.3.1 Activities  Update status of Flora and Fauna of BaNP;  Translocate Black buck in BaNP;  Release gharial in Rapti river;  Introduce mashir fi sh, tortor in Rapti and Babai river in cooperation with Rampur Campus;  Provide support to problem animal, injured wildlife and orphan wild animal management practices that including provision of food and treatment; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 41  Construction of wildlife guiding fence in the sixta canal constructed by Sikta Irrigation Project;  Construction of appropriate stairs or ramps in regular places of Sikta Irrigation Canal;  Vaccinate domestic animal in collaboration with Livestock Service Offi ce to reduce communicable diseases;  Collaborate with Livestock Service Offi ce and introduce hybrid animal (goat, bull and buffalo) and replace unproductive livestock;  Promote stall feeding to reduce grazing pressure;  Promote fodder tree plantation in private land of BZ;  Erect signages of warning to the passersby in the major rights of ways, resource collection sites and shrines;  Erect the informative hoarding boards in the highways to reduce animal hit;  Monitoring of vehicle by operating time card system;  Use of radar gun to check speed;  Random travelling in the bus to check the speed;  Procure 10 bird watching binoculars;  Procure 30 digital cameras to take pictures of wildlife and bird;  Procure 10 GPS for sectors and Range posts; and  Procure 10 Laptop Computers for all Rangers. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan42 CHAPTER VIII Tourism and Interpretation 8.1 Background 8.1.1 Tourism Scenario BaNP was established in 2010 and has not been a major tourist destination yet. To promote tourism in relatively newly established Park, focus should be given in conserving the environment together with wildlife population, enhancing the livelihood of resident community, and improving tourism products and services. Tourism development is vital to generate resources for conservation and for socioeconomic development of the region. There is opportunity to experience nature tourism for visitors but there are very few tourism developments taking place due to lack of infrastructure and the systems for managing tourism which is not suffi cient enough to contribute towards income generation of local people. At present, tourism development in the Park is in initial stage (Figure 9). Due to the small size of the Park, future tourism facilities and infrastructure development will have to be developed outside of core Area. Most of the permanent tourism infrastructure such as lodges will be developed in the BZ. Land requirements for such developments will have to be provided by Municipalities Rural Municipalities outside the Park. Similarly, Park will also explore private investors to operate lodge, hotel and homestay and for this they can also acquire land from individual land owners on the willing-buyer-willing-seller basis. Similarly, tourism operators related with tour guide, elephant safari, jeep drive, boating, cultural show, museum related to local culture etc. will also be promoted. Some special events to attract visitors will be carried out with the participation of local community. Figure 9: Potential tourism site Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 43 8.1. 2 Tourism Infrastructure Roads BaNP headquarters is on the highway which is around 20 Km east of Kohalpur. There is 180 Km of fi re line which is built to break the fi re from spreading and it is also used as access road (Figure 10). At present their condition is not good and cannot be operated during rainy season so tourist activity has not been initiated. More fi re lines inside BaNP should be constructed for monitoring purpose which will also be used for regulated tourism. Similarly, access road as circular ring road just outside of the boundary should also be constructed for the use by local people and tourism purpose. Figur e 10: Infrastructure networks in BaNP Transportation The Park can be reached both by bus and by air from Kathmandu. It is about 12 to 14 hours drive from Kathmandu. By air, it is about one hour fl ight from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj (Ranjha airport) and about half an hour drive to Kohalpur, the Park western sector offi ce Kohalpur and it takes further 30 minutes to Park headquarters from there. Telecommunications BaNP can be connected by both Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and mobile network of Nepal Telecom and Ncell. The mobile coverage in BaNP is satisfactory while internet facilities are also available. Services Accommodation and Meals There are hotels in Nepalgunj and Kohalpur but in the periphery of BaNP except for four homestays to provide accommodation and food. More tourism operators should be encouraged to construct and run hotel outside of BaNP. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan44 Shopping At present there is no specifi c outlet where visitors can buy souvenir or local handicraft items nearby BaNP. However, there are shops in Nepalgunj, which is 35 kms away from BaNP, where visitors can buy some local items. Few local people will be encouraged to operate shop in the surrounding area of the Park where visitors can buy some souvenirs and local crafts. Banks/ Currency Exchange There are several branches of banks in Kohalpur and Nepalgunj and at least one bank will be contacted to operate ATM service nearby Obhari, Park headquarter. Recently, Western Development Bank, Jyoti Development Bank and Himalayan Bank have initiated their service from Zero Bazar, nearby Park’s headquarters. Similarly Bhargav Development Bank has conducted the Banking services from Aghaiya, 20km east from park headquarter. Medical Services There is good facility of medical services in the BaNP area. There are hospitals and clinics in Kohalpur and Nepalgunj and there are health posts in rural municipalities. Highway clinic and snake bite treatment center is in operation infront of the park headquarters. However, medical facility is poor in the BZ of Dang and Salyan due to remoteness. 8.1.3 Interpretation Facilities Interpretation is the most powerful communication process for any visitor that is available to communicate its message(s) to visitors. In fact, it provides an “added value” to the total visit. Interpretation facilities provide the visitors information on natural and cultural landscapes, sites, features, objects, people, events and stories of the area including potential tourism product for visitors to be engaged and do’s and don’ts inside the Park and BZ area. The BaNP has no interpretation facilities and requires good interpretative plan for the long-term tourism success. BaNP has planned to establish one multipurpose Visitor Information Centre (VIC) at Obhari where there will be ticket counter, display centre providing information, video documentary showing hall, museum, souvenir shop, restaurant and rest rooms. In addition to this two VIC will be established in Kohalpur and Kusum to provide fi rst- hand information of the Park. In all the ticket counter, minimum information providing display boards will also be placed so that visitor will get basic information. Besides this, information on BaNP will also be provided in the VIC of Bardia National Park (BNP) and Krishnasaar Conservation Area (KrCA) to promote conservation circuits. Similarly, display boards marketing tourism products of BaNP will be placed in Nepalgunj and Bhairahawa airport. In addition to the VIC, seven entry gates for visitors will also be constructed in Shiva khola, Kusum, Sikta, Dhakeri, Chisapani, Sutaiya and Khadkabar. 8.1.4 Issues  There are inadequate tourism infrastructures such as VIC, raised platform in Hattisar, fi re-lines and watch tower required to promote tourism in this newly established Park;  Local private entrepreneurs have not been attracted to invest in tourism business;  The facilities and services with regards to food and accommodation for the visitors except for Kohalpur are poor;  There are no interpretation facilities in the Park;  There are limited facilities and arrangements for visitors for jungle walk, elephant safari, jeep safari;  There are no nature guides to help visitors in the Park; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 45 8.2 Tourism Management 8.2.1 Strategies  Develop tourism infrastructures in the Park around Agaiya, Dhakeri, Khadkabar, Gavar Valley, Balapur and Buchapur in collaboration with local bodies;  Promote private entrepreneurs by providing conducive environment to operate eco-friendly tourism packages, such as elephant safari, jeep safari, jungle walk, cultural activities and bird watching;  Diversify tourism products and market through national and international tourism operators, media, seminar, and other means; and  Collaborate with BNP and KrCA to attract tourists for longer nature tourist circuits and routes; 8.2.2 Institutional Setup BaNP will take lead role encouraging institutions like private investor or community organization to develop tourism to operate hotel for food and accommodation, tour guide operators, elephant safari operators, transport service to operate jeep drive, travel agents to operate bus from Nepalgunj to Obhari, community organization to perform culture show, banks and health service. 8.2.3 Impact Minimization With the increase of tourism activities increase in and around BaNP, there will be increase in noise around the habitats, solid waste and possible damage to vegetation inside the park including negative infl uence on culture of BZ communities. BaNP will work with concerned institutions to ensure that any negative impacts of tourism are mitigated. The negative impacts in the Park and BZ can mainly be noise pollution that can drive wildlife from one place to another. Similarly, traffi c congestion en route from Nepalgunj to Aghaiya and inside BaNP can also affect wildlife movement between Park and national forest. There may also be an impact on local traditions, culture, arts and crafts. Through various management and monitoring measures a site should manage and guide the development of tourism so that it has positive impacts on local livelihoods without deteriorating nature and culture. 8.2.4 Tourism Product Diversifi cation Tourism development at BaNP is ongoing as various tourism products have been identifi ed and infrastructure construction is underway. BaNP will work closely with BNP and KrCA to diversify the tourism products in such a way that tourists visiting BNP and KrCA also visit BaNP. It will be done by providing information of BaNP in the VIC of BNP and KrCA. Similarly, tourism operators of BNP will also be encouraged to make some round-trip tourism activities. 8.2.5 Nature Interpretation Through nature interpretation, we can pass on knowledge about nature and the relationships within it to promote in-depth understanding and insight, respect and consideration for natural and cultural environment of the park and BZ. Therefore, nature interpretation will be conducted through brochures, display boards, and various audio-visuals methods to communicate information and messages about wildlife and culture of the area 8.2.6 Activities  Construct and operate seven entry gates for visitors in Shiva khola, Kusum, Sikta, Dhakeri, Chisapani, Sutaiya and Khadkabar; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan46  Construct multipurpose VICs at Kohalpur and Obhari that includes ticket counter, display centre, museum, documentary showing hall, souvenir shop, refreshment centre, and rest room;  Place display boards with information on tourist destination areas and tourism products of BaNP in Bhairahawa and Nepalgunj Airport;  Place display boards in the VICs of BNP and KrCA to attract visitors in BaNP:  Construct, maintain and repair concrete or wooden watch towers at appropriate locations near grasslands and waterholes;  Erect hoarding boards informing Do’s and Don’ts in the Park and BZ for the visitors;  Place signage at appropriate location in the Park to show direction to the visitors;  Construct raised platforms to climb for elephant safari, at least, in two places;  Construct cultural house and museums in the BZ;  Support BZ community to operate community lodges and homestays in the tourist hubs of the BZ especially in Gavar valley, Balapur and Buchapur;  Undertake study of elephant safari route and provide elephant safari service to the visitors;  Undertake study to fi nalize jeep safari routes and provide route permit and license to operate jeep safari;  Place advertisement boards of elephant and jeep safari in the Park;  Prepare Video Spot to promote tourism in BaNP;  Advertise tourism products in the Park through Television, Radio and FM radio at national and local level;  Organize meetings and training to promote local entrepreneur and nature guide to operate jeep safari and other facilities in the Park;  Organize Clean-up campaigns to manage waste along the highway (waste collection and disposal);  Conduct nature guide trainings to local and interested individuals giving priority to indigenous and marginalized communities and youths;  Enhance capacity of nature guides in nature interpretation specifi cally on wildlife, birds, plants through trainings and some experience sharing activities;  Conduct home-stay, house-keeping and cook trainings at Aghaiya, Dhakeri, Khadkabar, Gavar valley, Balapur and Buchapur;  Organize cottage and small business development and management training;  Provide support to journalists to visit BaNP and publish article;  Publish news and article in newspaper; and  Production of video documentary. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 47 CHAPTER IXOther Programme 9.1 Climate Change Adaptation 9.1.1 Context Nepal’s National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) predicts warmer winter temperatures and increased winter and monsoon precipitation in the country (MoE 2010). Given these predicted trends yet high degree of uncertainty over timing of erratic rainfall and extended dry spells and their socio ecological consequences, it is important to integrate un/expected impacts into PA management plans and strategies with a focus on BZ communities and their livelihoods. Considering the proximity of this Park and its BZ into two major rivers systems of Rapti and Babai while also being a region which is relatively dry as compared to western Terai, this area is vulnerable to fl ooding and drought. Since the uncertainties associated with paths of climate change is highly unpredictable, the plans should be adaptive and include ‘no-regrets’ strategies that will have conservation benefi ts even if events associated with climate change do not occur as shown by the general trends. Climate change will affect the vegetation and forest types, and the ecological communities they support (Thapa et al. 2015). Forest types that are resilient to climate change should be protected to conserve the ecological communities and species assemblages while wetlands and grasslands which are already showing signs of degradation highly associated with extended dry spells need additional interventions for broader ecosystem and PA management. Further, couple of grasslands such as Gotheri and Thuriya has also been reduced due to riverbank erosion. Uncertain and unpredictable rainfall and the ensuing fl oods could cut off habitat connectivity and prevent animals from seeking refuge. During drought periods, wildlife should be able to move to water sources and escape fi res. Therefore, any corridors such as the Kamdi corridor identifi ed for wildlife movement or connecting water and food sources (such as leading to Rapti River). The participatory vulnerability assessment identifi ed wards 1 and 7 of Babai, ward 7 of Kalimati and ward 1 of Dangisaran Rural municipality as the most vulnerable parts of the BZ mainly due to their additional exposure to fl ashfl oods and landslides though fl ooding and inundation highly probable along the Rapti and Babai Rivers. Similarly, wards 8 and 9 of Rapti Sonari and wards 12 and 13 of Kohalpur municipality are vulnerable to fl ooding as these areas lie along the river and streams. Further, as the communities largely rely on farming and livestock rearing in the area, extension of services in relation to these sub-sectors is vital to enhance adaptive capacity as emphasized during the participatory assessment. 9.1.2 Issues Major issues of concern in the face of likely impact of climate change at BaNP are:  The rising of temperature during the summer and extended dry spells causes drying up of wetlands as an immediate effect causing wider movement of wild animals which could drive the animals to unsafe areas;  Prolonged dry spells leading to higher risk of forest fi res; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan48  The dry spells and untimely rainfall is also believed to be reason of emergence of weeds and invasion of alien species in grasslands of the Park;  Floods and river cutting also destroying forest and grassland area in the Park and BZ and increasing the risk of encroachment in forest areas;  Disastrous effects on human lives, properties and livelihoods and wildlife population with fl ooding resulting from incessant rain; and  Flooding and inundation also damages access roads, fi re lines and infrastructure of the Park and BZ. 9.1.3 Strategies  Enhance knowledge and understanding regarding climate change impacts on species, ecosystems and local communities in the Park through assessments;  Improve ecosystem resilience through management of climate induced stresses mainly extended dry spells;  Strengthen Community based disaster risk management and climate adaptation;  Promote climate resilient livelihood diversifi cation;  Enhance the capacity of Park staffs, Security persons, and BZ communities to cope with the climate change impacts through capacity building, exposure and orientations; and  Coordinate and collaborate with key stakeholders and line agencies to mitigate impacts of climate induced disasters and change specially in case of infrastructures such as culverts, bridges and access roads in the BZ. 9.1.4 Activities  Conduct participatory vulnerability assessments to identify the most vulnerable regions and communities;  Provide support to prepare Local Adaptation Plan of Action for all the municipalities and rural municipalities of BZ while prioritizing Rapti Sonari and Babai to start with;  Form community-based disaster management committee and link them with climate change and adaptation related institutions to tackle climate-related effects;  Conduct trainings to enhance the capacity of Park Staffs, security persons, and BZ communities to cope with the climate change impacts;  Pilot early warning system of fl ash fl ood in the fl ood prone areas;  Construct waterholes in the dry Bhavar region and arrange for permanent water holding either through natural or artifi cial water recharge;  Create, maintain and expand wetlands and implement water harvesting and regulation mechanisms using available technologies;  Manage grasslands through uprooting weeds by both manual and mechanical including burning where required;  Prioritize preventive measures to minimize fi re risks to wildlife by creating and maintaining fi re lines as well as awareness programmes;  Prepare forest fi re management plan and integrate forest fi re control in the of BZCF operation plan;  Implement community-based forest fi re management;  Conserve churia region to control sediment fl ow in the downstream; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 49  Plant fi ne wood species in the BZ to maintain the balance between fi ne wood demand and supply for the house hold of local people;  Scale up biomass and energy effi cient technologies such as Improved Cook Stove (ICS) and Biogas to reduce fuel wood consumption;  Manage and monitor collection of sand, gravel and boulder from the river in sustainable manner;  Perio dic repair, maintenance and upgrading of PA posts, access roads and fi re lines in the park to reduce impacts of fl ooding, landslides and inundation;  Periodic repair and maintenance of community infrastructures such as Jorhatte irrigation canal and Obhari irrigation canal;  Divert Bhakta Khola to Rimna Khola to protect settlement and agricultural land from fl oods and innundation;  Construct embankment, spur or any soil conservation measure in various rivers and streams to protect park infrastructures, human settlements and wildlife habitats from fl ood specially around Park head quarter, Paruwa Khola, Rapti River, Duduwa Khola, Babai river banks, Jhijari, Jethinala and Gaukholi; and  Facilitate market linkages and voluntary carbon fi nancing. 9.2 Solid Waste management in BaNP 9.2.1 Context Most of the solid waste generated in and around BaNP is composed of organic matter, paper, and minor reused waste that are mainly reused for cattle feeding and manure, while disposal of other non-degradable categories of collected waste (glass, metal, and plastic) is not properly managed. Particularly, burning in open dumps poses a great hazard to environmental, human, and animal health. Similarly, dump sites close to water courses contaminates polluting river. The pollution problem is now no longer confi ned to solid waste. Water sources along the major trails are being contaminated from improper affl uent discharge, human waste, and garbage dumping. Sewerage and toilet waste can be found piped into nearby streams and rivers. The BZ will actively participate in control of various forms of pollution and attempt to make the control system more sustainable by involving local people with support from other stakeholders and focus on reducing waste generation and proper disposal systems. 9.2.2 Issues  Inadequate knowledge on proper disposal and recycling of the solid waste in local communities;  Inadequacy of coordinated effort to address the issue of garbage and pollution management in highway sides of BaNP;  Lack of guidelines for properly managing the garbage;  Inadequacy of the fund required for maintaining sanitation in the Park and BZ. 9.2.3 Strategies  Develop water, sanitation and hygiene guideline for local communities;  Mobilize eco-clubs to raise awareness about importance of solid waste management;  Work with local government, communities, private sector, and conservation partners to implement sanitation programme; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan50  Use high tech solid waste management techniques in collaboration with local government;  Promote recycle/reuse, reduce, remove, and reject (4R) approach to manage wastes in the Park. 9.2.4 Activities  Provide support to manage garbage with special focus on reducing production, recycling, and destruction by prohibiting the use of polluting items such as plastic bags;  Support to develop proper sanitation infrastructures including drainage, toilets, collection and recycling systems;  Construct a Demonstration center on garbage management in order to demonstrate proper techniques of garbage disposal and recycling techniques to stakeholders;  Prepare a common sanitation guideline to make them adopt minimum sanitation standards for hotel, lodge, homestay and restaurant in managing clean front yard, toilet with leak proof septic tanks and waste water soakage pits; and  Construct new cremation site. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 51 CHAPTER XBuffer Zone Management 10.1 Background In order to ensure people’s participation in biodiversity conservation, the fourth amendment of the NPWC Act, 2029 brought the concept of BZ management in 1993. This amendment not only made a provision for designating BZs around Parks/or Reserves but also for sharing Park Reserve revenues for community development and to improve natural resource management. The BZ provide local community with facility for use and the regular supply of forest products to the local people along with community development, income generation and conservation awareness program to solicit participatory conservation minimizing human wildlife confl icts. BZ is an area surrounding a Park or a Reserve encompassing forests, agricultural lands, settlements, village open spaces and any other land use. The Buffer Zone Management Regulation 2052 (1996) have clearly spelled out the criteria for designing BZs; requirements for management plans and BZUCs’ operation plans; and provisions for community, religious, private, and BZ forests. The rules strictly restrict the sales and distribution of timber and fi rewood from community forests out of BZs unless the demands of the BZ community have been fulfi lled. In addition, it mentions the institutionalization of community-based organizations and allocation of funds and provides guidelines for planning and prioritizing programmes to be implemented in the BZ. The organization of the BZ has been designed as BZUGs at the settlement level, which give rise to BZUC. The BZUCs then elects an apex body BZMC. The Buffer Zone Management Guidelines 2056 (1999) have further simplifi ed the provisions given in the rules to facilitate smooth implementation. The guidelines have made provisions for formation of BZUGs at settlement level and have fi xed a ceiling to a percentage of the budget allocated for conservation (30%), community development (30%), income generation activities (20%), conservation education (10%), and administrative costs (10%). The BZUCs prepare fi ve-year plans by compiling the needs and aspirations of the BZUGs. These plans are then compiled to prepare a BZ plan which forms the basis for using the BZ fund received from Park Revenue. The activities are implemented by BZUGs and BZUCs. Public auditing; participation is the backbone of success. BZUCs ensure coordination and organize all the partners working in their area according to the BZ regulations and guidelines. The CCO is the member secretary of the BZMC and facilitates the fl ow of funds from the centre to users ensuring that the fund is used as per the norms. The BZMC, BZUCs, and BZUGs hold meeting as per their needs. The BZMC acts mostly on policy and decisions and the BZUC is a bridge between BZMC and BZUGs. Conservation partners working in the fi eld also collaborate with the BZ institutions to make the programme more effective. 10.2 Introduction The BZ of the Park includes parts of Kohalpur municipality and two rural municipalities of Banke district (Table 3). Similarly, the northern part of BZ occupies parts of two rural municipalities of Dang and one rural municipality of Salyan (Figure 11). Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan52 The BZ is divided into Kusum and Kohalpur Sectors. There are 77 BZUGs, 9 BZUCs and 1 BZMC has been formed according to the Buffer Zone Management Rules 2052 and Buffer Zone Management Guideline 2056. BZMC channels up to 50% of revenue that has been redirected to BZ management. Table 3: Rural Municipality and Municipality in BZ S.N. District Municipality/Rural Municipality Remarks 1 Banke i) Baijanath Rural Municipality ( previous Naubasta and Chisapani VDCs), ii) Kohalpur Municipality ( previous Naubasta VDC and Kohalpur Municipality) and iii) Rapti Sonari Rural Municipality (previous Mahadevpuri, Khas Kushma and Kachanapur VDCs) 3 local government 2 Dang i) Dangisharan Rural Municipality (previous Goltakuri VDC) and ii) Babai Rural Municipality (previous Panchakule and Purandhara VDCs) 2 local government 3 Salyan Kalimati Rura municipality (previous Kalimati Rampur, Kalimati Kalche, Kapre Chaur VDCs) 1 local government Figure 11: Administrative map of BaNP and its BZ The major BZ programs include conservation, community development, income generation and skill development, conservation education and institutional strengthening and administration. A number of organizations also work in the BZ which includes I/NGOs viz. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal, National Trust of Nature Conservation (NTNC) and Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and local organizations (i.e. BZCFs, saving groups, cooperatives, small farmers’ groups, etc.). Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 53 10.3 Past and Present Management Practices 10.3.1 Forest Management BZ comprises forest, agriculture land, settlement, village open spaces and any other land use. Forest in the BZ is very important as it is considered as corridor and connectivity areas between wildlife habitats. Further, the inhabitants surrounding such areas (the impact zone communities) have certain anticipated roles and responsibilities for conservation and management. It, therefore, implies for special policy and legal ground to support the management of these forests and livelihood improvement of surrounding communities. The present generalized community forestry and other participatory management systems are not enough to support in this dimension. It has been practically seen that the interventions are well beyond the approved community forestry guidelines which are more focused on management of forests for the supply of forest products. The forests in the BZ are handed over to the community as a BZCF after they submit application to CCO to manage the forest to cater their needs of forest product so that they do not need to enter into the Park. The community people are provided technical support to prepare BZCF constitution and Operational Plan (OP) as per the guideline. The plan thus prepared when gets approved by their general assembly will be submitted to CCO for approval. This will be in operation only when CCO signs on it and offi cially hand over to the community. The BZCFs coordinates with BZUCs to manage their forest. There are 71 BZCFs in the Park managed by local community. These forests act as corridors for wildlife to move from BaNP to BNP and also to the PAs of India. Although, there are strict rules, the grazing pressure is very high in the forest and due to human disturbance, there is frequent forest fi re in the windy season. BZCFs of Changainala, Sikta-Gabar and Sauri-Bairia sections are highly degraded due to human pressure. 10.3.2 Land use The BZ consists of different land use types. The major land use types are Sal forest, Mixed Hardwood forest, Khair-Sissoo forest, Higher Churia forest, Lower Churia forest, cultivated land, wooded grassland, Plantation area, and River area (Fig 12). Figure 12: Land cover map of BaNP Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan54 10.4 Management Strategies 10.4.1 Zonation For management purpose, BZ will be divided into conservation zone, sustainable use zone and intensive use zone. 10.4.1.1 Conservation Zone The large forest patches in BZ is equally good as a good habitat for wildlife. Thus, these areas will be basically managed as extended wildlife habitat where extraction of forest products will be restricted but the area will be allowed for regulated tourism activities if needed. 10.4.1.2 Sustainable Use Zone The forested area in BZ which is managed by community for dual purpose of meeting the need of forest products for the providing refuge for dispersing population of wildlife falls under this category of zonation. 10.4.1.3 Intensive Use Zone This is the area in the BZ, including all the settlements and private lands, where environment-friendly development activities will be carried out to enhance the livelihood of the people living in the area through various developmental inputs. 10.4.4 Participatory Biodiversity Conservation One of the major objectives to bring the concept of BZ management is to develop partnership between the Park and the people in biodiversity conservation. The involvement and active participation of local people is the main thrust of biodiversity conservation in the BZ. The forest in the BZ will be handed over to local community as BZCF to reduce their daily needs of fi ne wood and fodder. Similarly, river training works will also be carried out to combat recurring fl ash fl oods during monsoon season. 10.4.5 Community Development To reduce rural poverty, social development will be focused in BZ with special focus to small infrastructure. For this, need-based and site-specifi c intervention will be undertaken garnering support of local communities. Site specifi c plans for school support, drinking water facility, support of small irrigation, culvert, small bridge, hume pipes, cause way, drainage construction, river training, and toilet construction will be the guiding document for implementing developmental initiatives in the respective BZUCs and BZUGs. Most of these small-scale infrastructures are also identifi ed to be vulnerable under changing climate and hence their repair and maintenance including coordination with other agencies will be a key strategy. 10.4.6 Income Generation and Skill Development Income generation and skill development activities have been identifi ed as one of the important component of BZ program to reduce income poverty and improve the economic condition of local people. The income generation and skill development activities will be carried out targeting poor, women, socially excluded and marginalized communities. Income generation activities will mainly focus in diversifying agriculture and livestock programme including fi sheries, poultry, piggery and enhancing skills of local communities in these areas. Support such as improved livestock sheds, fodder plants and cement troughs for stall feeding, feed machine etc. were identifi ed as key support areas also Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 55 to reduce risks associated with climate change impacts on local livelihoods. Similarly, skill-based job which has market in the rural areas will be identifi ed to provide training to local people so that they can have self-employment. 10.4.7 Capacity building Training of members of BZ communities is recognized as a vital component of effi cient PA management. The principal goal of the training is to raise the capacity of BZ institutions’ members to enhance knowledge, attitudes, skills, capabilities and tools to plan, manage and monitor BZ programme. Chairperson, Secretary and other members of executive BZMC need to develop the skills to establish and maintain the complex relationships and networks with stakeholders that are essential for sustainable and effective management. Identifying training needs should precede any learning initiative. The leadership development, account keeping, record keeping, offi ce management, participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation are some of the important trainings required for the BZ communities. 10.4.8 Conservation Education Conservation education is important for several reasons; it fosters a sense of connection to the natural environment, promotes sustainable development and encourages conservation of irreplaceable natural resources and vulnerable plant and animal species. Conservation awareness essentially serves as an educational tool, helping local people understand economic, aesthetic and biological importance of preserving resources and reducing or eliminating the harmful impacts of man-made alterations. Conservation awareness or education helps people understand the consequences of human activities on various lands and identifi es remedial solutions. Several awareness raising activities will be conducted focusing on different section of the society, e.g. BZ communities, eco-clubs, mother groups, and social activists to increase awareness towards participatory biodiversity conservation and develop positive attitude towards the Park. The activities such as celebration of conservation days, organizing rally, radio programme, exchange visits and school level environmental programme will be carried out. 10.4.9 Tourism Promotion Although, BZ of BaNP has its own tourism potential, there are only few eco-tourism attractions. Recently, there are several tourist resorts and facilities have been established targeting tourists nearby BZ. To promote community based eco-tourism in BZ as a means of sustainable livelihoods for the people living in BZ, more tourism products and additional potential areas will be explored. 10.4.10 Functional Coordination The BZMC is an apex body of the BZ with an elected body of members representing the BZUC. BZUG is the lowest tire organization of the people living in the BZ. These BZUGs are further federated to form BZUC at the sector level. The chairpersons of these BZUCs will form the BZMC at Park level. CCO acts as member secretary in the BZMC. Apart from this, there are also community forests, cooperatives which work under the BZUC as functional unit. All the BZUG under each BZUC will prepare their plan with broader consensus which will then combine to make the plan of BZUC. The plan thus prepared from bottom-up planning process will be endorsed from BZUC and sent to BZMC. Participation of women and underprivileged community will be ensured in planning and implementation. In order to prioritize the needs and support to be provided, participatory ranking of the users will be done based on their well-being and proximity of the settlement to the national Park. Prior to approval, the provision for reviewing the plan by BZMC Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan56 will be made for its refi nement and aligning the activities to be supported by other line agencies. Similarly, BZMC will also prepare their fi ve-year management plan which is prepared in consultation with BZMC and is approved by DNPWC. 10.4.11 Confl ict Minimization The reduction of human-wildlife confl ict arising in the BZ of the Park is of primary importance to ensure the cordial relation between the Park and people. Human-wildlife confl ict is not a pronounced issue in the BZ of BaNP. However, there are few reported cases of wildlife damage recorded in the BZ. Killing of human and animal by tiger is a management issue in the BZ over the period. 10.4.12 Regulation of BZ Resources 10.4.12.1 Management of forest products The management and conservation of BZ forest resources is a matter of great concern. The demand of the forest resources right from the fuel wood and timber is realized to be the major challenge in managing forest resources. The use of forest product is carried out as per the operational plan of community forest. In the absence of community forest, the BZUC will play bridging role with posts to provide forest product from BZ forest. 10.4.12.2 Management of sand, gravel and boulder Sand, gravel and boulders are one of the major sources for the construction of roads, buildings and other purposes, which play a vital role in the socio-economic and infrastructural development of the community as well as the nation. Alongside that, it is also a good source of revenue for the local bodies. An increase in demand for sand and gravel for construction purposes has placed heavy pressure on sand, gravel and boulder resources. Therefore, the extraction of these three important construction aggregates is bound to have considerable negative effect on the place where they occur. Rivers and their fl oodplains are a major economic resource due to availability of sand and gravel. Although these aggregates are of paramount importance, studies have shown over exploitation of these aggregates can reduce water quality as well as degrade the channel bed and banks. The mining of these aggregates on the fl oodplain can affect the water table and alter the land-use for agricultural purposes. Rivers shift their courses from time to time, resulting in natural cycles of erosion and deposition of sand and gravel. The extraction of sand and gravel from rivers, streams, fl oodplains and channels confl ict with the functionality of river ecosystems. The excavation and use of sand, gravel and boulder in BZ is limited to its users in regulated way for their own purpose other than commercial. For the extraction other than local consumption, a separate IEE has to be undertaken. Regulated excavation of such products from rivers is allowed to the BZ communities only after charging royalty. These excavation activities are prohibited in areas where it could affect habitat, breeding and mobility of the aquatic life. Besides this, the excavation is limited to certain months and allowed only in designated river sections. Excavation should be in small scale more closely to the existing annual quantity of permission (supply). The standards enshrined in the Environmental Protection Act, 2053, and Environment Protection Regulation, 2054, should be adhered to while executing the excavation related activities. Regular monitoring, supervision and relevant studies are necessary to take right decisions in this matter. In any case, transportation and use of sand, gravel and boulder should not be extended outside the BZ. The use of mechanized equipment could be made available subject to the Park’s permission. Earlier, Local Self Governance (LSG) Act, 2055 allowed Local bodies to manage sand, gravel and boulder from the rivers outside of PA. Currently, while state restructure is already implemented through Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 57 elected executives in local bodies, they have right to formulate Acts and Rules as per their needs. In this context, LSG ACT, 2055 has been replaced by Local Government Operation Act, 2074 and empowers the local Government to coordinate and implement development program and for rationale utilization of locally available natural resources. In the PA, BZ management Regulation, 2052 gives BZUC the authority to manage forest resources including sand, gravel and boulder and this can be comfortably exercised for local consumption. The BZUC will prepare their management plan with the support of technical staff of the Park including the management of natural resources in the BZ. BZUC plans the use of resources in such a way that it will not affect biodiversity conservation. The total quantity of river materials (sand, gravel and boulder) that can be collected from the rivers and streams of BaNP border and BZ for the period of fi ve years (2075/76-2079/80) is presented in Annex XI. The BZUC will extract the sand, gravel and boulder equally for fi ve years coordinating with sectors or head quarter. The quantity of the river resources to be extracted for each year can be revised in any point of time (year) if it is not extracted equally every year. 10.5 Activities  Provide support to form 10 BZCFs;  Provide support to 150 BZCFs to prepare constitution, operational plan and its renewal;  Organize BZCF management trainings;  Support in institutional strengthening of BZUGs, BZUCs, BZCFs;  Support BZUCs to prepare fi ve year plan;  Support to operate 3 private nurseries in 3 districts BZ of BaNP;  Provide support to installation appropriate biomass energy technologies such as Improved Cook Stove (ICS) and biogas;  Restore degraded forests in the BZ/national forests by artifi cial or natural regeneration;  Create alternative grazing land and ponds in appropriate areas of BZ for livestock to reduce pressure on core area and maintanance;  Construct fi re lines in BZ forests;  Provide seedlings and organize plantation in the corridor, public lands to enhance greenery in degraded corridors;  Provide relief fund for the victims of human wildlife confl ict effi ciently;  Pilot rain water harvesting program in selected Churia region;  Construction of culvert and cause way;  Support to repair and maintenance of Tuber Culosis rehabilitation centre at Agaiya;  Upgrade the fi re line from Paruwa khola to Balapur village;  Construct drinking water facilities at Rapti sonari -1, Bajhkholi and Baijanath-1, Chisapani;  Prepare livelihood improvement plan;  Promote high value crops that are not preferred by wildlife;  Provide livestock, poultry and off-season vegetable farming trainings;  Provide support to skill based occupational trainings to local people of BZ;  Organize orientation related to conservation legislation in order to maintain Park-people amity;  Initiate conservation focused programme in schools of BZ by forming Eco-clubs; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan58  Strengthen Eco-clubs by providing trainings such as team building, management of club as organization and organizing events;  Mobilize Eco-clubs to organize plantation, clean up campaigns and conservation rallies;  Provide support to organize conservation related school level contest such as oratory, quiz, essay, poem and songs to enhance their knowledge in conservation,  Organize conservation education tours to Eco-club members to increase their awareness in biodiversity conservation;  Organize learning visits in other PAs to BaNP staff and BZUC members to see the success stories and interact with other community members;  Produce Information Education and Communication (IEC) material;  Celebrate conservation events and days;  Control stray dogs; and  Monitor the extraction of soil, sand and gravel in coordination with local authority. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 59 CHAPTER XIActivity, Budget and Logical Framework 11.1 Activity and Budget The summary of the budget required for the implementation of activities prescribed by the plan for the period of fi ve years (2075/76-2079/80) is NRs. 1,232,393,911.00 (NRs. One billion two hundred thirty two million three hundred ninety three thousand nine hundred and eleven). The breakdown of budget in various themes across the Fiscal years is presented in Table 4 with budget allocation of 77% in the programme and 23% in administrative purposes. The plan focuses mainly in BZ with 31% which also includes the ambitious plans of all the BZUCs. The next priority is given to Park protection and habitat management and allocates around 15% and 10% respectively. Detail activities including budget for the entire fi ve-year is given in Annex VI. T able 4: Summary of budget for the management plan (NRs. In thousand) S.N. Activities 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Amount Percent 1 Park protection 41465 43833 32753 37118 25363 180532 14.65 2 Habitat management 23800 22523 23925 25243 27300 122790 9.96 3 Species conservation 6737 6103 9319 10682 10215 43055 3.49 4 Fire management 750 1625 875 2438 1900 7588 0.62 5 Wildlife health management 1172 1231 1289 2923 2406 9021 0.73 6 Encroachment management 11425 11051 11578 12104 12630 58788 4.77 7 Research, monitoring and capacity building 10100 10343 8065 12660 18158 59325 4.81 8 Tourism 11630 11713 11528 7855 8976 51701 4.20 9 Climate change and Solid waste management 3700 5565 5363 6299 4517 25444 2.06 10 Buffer Zone 69118 79357 78252 82042 78221 386989 31.40 11 Administrative 52194 54898 57413 60023 62633 287162 23.30 Sub Total 232091 248241 240359 259385 252318 1232394 100.00 The budget available for BaNP in FY 2074/75 was NRs. 149,074,179 (One hundred forty nine million seventy four thousand one hundred and seventy nine) that includes NRs.113,782,000 (One hundred thirteen million seven hundred eighty two thousand) allocated by the GoN and NRs. 35,292,179 (Thirty fi ve million two hundred ninety two thousand one hundred and seventy nine) allocated by conservation partners (mainly ZSL, NTNC, WWF Nepal and TAL). Taking the budget allocation of FY 2074/75 as Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan60 base allocation for FY 2075/76 as well and it is increased by 5% for the next two years and 10% then after, the allocation is estimated for coming fi ve fi scal years. With this estimation, the Government allocation budget for the plan is around 64% (Table 5). It is expected that BZUCs will tap the resources from local bodies conservation partners will contribute more to fulfi ll the defi cit of 36%. With the implementation of the plan it is expected that it will generate 138818 man days of labour. Table 5: Cost of the plan and available budget for BaNP (NRs. In thousand) Description Budget FY 2075/76 FY 2076/77 FY 2077/78 FY 2078/79 FY 2079/80 Total Cost of the management plan 232090.83 248240.62 240358.91 259385.24 252318.31 1232393.91 Total allocation in BaNP by GoN and Conservation Partners 149074.18 156527.89 156527.89 163981.60 163981.60 790093.15 Government allocation in percentage 64.23 63.05 65.12 63.22 64.99 64.11 11.2 Logical Framework Analysis The logical framework of BaNP and its BZ Management Plan for fi ve years period 2075/76-2079/80 (2018/2019-2022/2023) is presented in Table 6. Table 6: Logical framework analysis Narrative Summary Objectively Verifi able Indicators (OVI) Means of Verifi cation Assumption Vision BaNP and its BZ is visualized as an extended habitat for mega fauna species especially wild tigers in western Terai of Nepal, where local people can live in harmony with nature which eventually contribute for the well-being of the local community Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 61 Narrative Summary Objectively Verifi able Indicators (OVI) Means of Verifi cation Assumption Goal The goal of BaNP and its BZ management is to conserve and maintain ecological integrity of the Park that eventually supports for the livelihood improvement of the people living in BZ Increased number of tigers in BaNP together with fl ora and fauna, improved livelihood of local people  National inventory reports. Tiger and Wild elephant  Annual progress Report  Progress Report of conservation partners  Human Development Index reports  Living standard survey reports  Study Reports and Research Papers  No occurrence of natural disaster especially, forest fi re land slide and damage of Sikta Irrigation Purpose To protect and conserve biological diversity of the Park with special focus on protected wildlife species including other fl ora and fauna,  Improved habitat for wildlife,  Created new grassland and expanded existing grasslands  Restored wetlands,  Created new water holes  Annual progress Report  Progress Report of conservation partners  Study Reports and Research Papers  Articles in the newspaper  Adequate budget provided to implement activities To manage and enhance habitat of both predator and prey base species thereby maintaining healthy ecosystem of terai and churia region,  Increased number of tigers and four horned antelope together with other fl ora and fauna  Reduced number of illegal cases  Annual progress Report  Progress Report of conservation partners  Study Reports and Research Papers  Articles in the newspaper  Adequate staff provided to management Conservation activities To promote tourism in the Park and its BZ through tourism infrastructure development and local culture conservation  Increased visitors’ satisfaction,  increased employment opportunities  Progress Reports  Visitors survey reports  Economic survey reports  Media reports  DNPWC reports,  Conservation friendly tourism promotion Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan62 Narrative Summary Objectively Verifi able Indicators (OVI) Means of Verifi cation Assumption To intensify local communities’ engagement in biodiversity conservation through conservation awareness raising, minimizing human wildlife confl ict and improving livelihood opportunities of the local people,  Social and Economic development of local community improved,  Increased participation of local people in conservation activities,  Increased conservation awareness  increased conservation friendly livelihood opportunities,  Conservation communities are strengthened and institutionalized,  Annual progress Report  Progress Report of conservation partners  Interview of local people in newspaper, radio and TV  Best Practice and Lesson Learnt Reports  BZ communities are unifi ed and positive to cooperate with effective coordination, collaboration and networking To strengthen institutional capacity to carry out integrated conservation and development activities through research, training and cooperation among stakeholders.  Updated database  The BaNP staffs delivers both technical and management services effectively and effi ciently  The delivery of services provided by Conservation committees are improved  Increased joint venture activities, projects and programmes  Annual progress Report  Progress Report of conservation partners  HRD reports  Media reports  DNPWC reports, records of correspondence  The staffs are not frequently transferred  Staff motivation is continued Output 1 1.1 Maintenance of viable population of tigers in Banke Bardia TCU 1.2 Reduction of illegal trade of wildlife parts in Nepal-India border  No. of tigers harbored at BaNP  No. of illegal trade of wildlife parts decreased  Updated report of fl ora and fauna,  Regular count of tiger,  Progress report,  Research reports Poaching is controlled by Park protection activities Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 63 Narrative Summary Objectively Verifi able Indicators (OVI) Means of Verifi cation Assumption Output 2 1.1 Improvement of habitat required for both tigers and ungulates  Ha. of grassland increased  No. of wetlands restored and created  Ha. of weeds and IAS controlled in grassland and wetlands  BaNP habitat monitoring report,  Progress report,  Research reports Output 3 3.1 Establishment of visitor information centre in all sectors 3.2 Increased no. of tourism based private entrepreneurs 3.3 Operation of cultural events and establishment of cultural museum 3.4 Satisfaction of visitors through nature based tourism and services and facilities received 3.5 Increased coverage of BaNP in media  No. of VIC established,  No. of increased tourism based private entrepreneurs  No. of cultural events organized  No. of tourist expressing satisfaction in visiting BaNP  No. of news, article, interview and video documentary published, aired and broadcasted in newspaper, radio and TV respectively  Progress report,  Conservation partners progress report,  Tourism products,  No. of tourism services operated,  Clippings of news articles,  Cultural Museum, Political stability is maintained and improved Output 4 4.1 BZCFs are handed over to the local community 4.2 Forest and grassland developed in private and public land 4.3 Increased income of local people 4.4 Reduced human wildlife confl ict 4.5 Increased participation of local people in conservation activities  No. of BZCFs handed over  Ha. of forest and grassland in public land,  No. of drinking water scheme supported to community people,  No. of toilets supplied with water facility,  Progress report,  Monitoring report,  Progress reports of other GoN offi ces,  Project completion reports,  Public audit reports,  Meeting minutes There is adequate forest to be handed over as Community forest and available of public land to develop forest Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan64 Narrative Summary Objectively Verifi able Indicators (OVI) Means of Verifi cation Assumption  No. of children going to school,  No. of people benefi tted by health post,  No. of people operating small enterprise  No. of people involved in conservation activities rises, Output 5 5.1 BaNP staffs and BZUC committee members are trained in both technical and management aspect 5.2 Law enforcement is smooth without any confl ict 5.3 Increased involvement of conservation partners in institutional strengthening  No. of BaNP staffs and Conservation Committee members benefi tted,  No. of reduced confl ict between BaNP and community members while law enforcement,  Resources pooled in conservation  Training reports,  Progress reports  Records of confl ict between BaNP and community members Political members cooperate with BaNP Activities Park Protection  Construct 1 wildlife crossing bridge, 1 fl y over bridge and 2 underpass at strategic locations, in coordination with Department of Road (DoR), within the 25 km highway to facilitate wildlife movement;  Install CC cameras in the highway from Obhari to Kusum and undertake regular maintenance;  Liase with Telecommunication Company to establish communication towers for effective communication;  Establish radio communication throughout the Park including repair and maintenance;  Construct 60km fi reline just below Churiya from Kusum to Kohalpur;  Upgrade existing 30 Km of all-weather water otta shield road with the cooperation of DoR and construct additional 50 km of all-weather road networks inside the Park;  Carry out repair and maintenance for 125 km of fi re line throughout the year;  Construct 12 buildings (4 nos. to Park and 8 nos. to security units) at Hattidamar-Salyan, Ambasa, Kyureni, Mahadeva and Balapur to cover gap areas and carry out regular administrative work; 180,532,000 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 65 Activities  Construct 2 buildings for Hattisar, 4 shed houses for elephants and 3 grain store house at Dhakeri, Buchapur and Khadkabar;  Repair and maintenance of Park and security post buildings including accommodation facilities, power supplies;  Drinking water supply to the posts and security units including maintenance and repair;  Construct 10 RCC watch towers in sensitive areas including repair and maintenance of existing watch towers;  Procure food, supplies and equipment required for maintaining elephant management units on a yearly basis;  Undertake camping, sweeping operation, short-medium-long range patrol to deter poaching and locate leg hold traps of iron set to trap wildlife (especially tiger);  Establish, strengthen, institutionalize CBAPU (Chisapani, Kohalpur, Bharaiya, Dhakeri, Mahadeva- Shamshergunj, Sikta, Kusum, Rajkot, Nauwasta, Ghuiyabari) and develop a network of CBAPUs;  Develop a network of CBAPU;  Establish local informants around sensitive areas;  Procure 20 night vision binoculars for Park patrolling;  Procure 100 bicycles, 10 motor bikes including repair and maintenance;  Procure 1 JCV (heavy equipment vehicle), including repair and maintenance, to construct fi re line including repair and maintenance; and  Procure 2 four-wheel vehicles, including repair and maintenance, for sectors to make effective patrolling and Park management; and  Procure fuel for motorbikes, JCV and vehicles. Habitat Management  Carry out spatial mapping of all the grasslands, wetlands and Alien Invasive Species of both the Park and BZ and carry-out periodic monitoring to support management and decision-making;  Maintain grasslands and wetlands on annual basis;  Study distribution and abundance of palatable grass species, recording XY coordinate and conduct regular monitoring of these species;  Manage grassland by clearing 1000 hectares of woody species;  Create grassland of 50 m on the both sides of 100 km fi re line by cleaning, removing shrubs and uprooting trees;  Clean the shrub up to 10 m on the both sides of 50 km highway to minimize risks of road accidents and kills;  Carry out regular uprooting, drying and burning of 1000 ha of grassland to produce new fl ush of palatable and nutritious grasses and to reduce forest fi re;  Removal and control of IAS in an area of 250 hectare in fi ve years;  Construct 25 additional water holes (RCC or earthen) at water defi cient areas;  Install 10 solar water pumps to recharge water holds; 122,790,000 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan66 Activities  Maintenance of wetlands and waterholes by cleaning and removing aquatic weeds;  Undertake activities to enhance, maintain and restore wetlands including its functions;  Install solar water pump to recharge water holes; and  Assess water quality in regular intervals. Species Conservation  Update Flora and Fauna of BaNP;  Restore, maintain and manage degraded forests, vegetation in the, biological corridors (BZ/national forests and CFs outside PA) by artifi cial or natural regeneration for safe dispersal of tigers;  Restore, maintain and manage degraded wetlands and water holds in the biological corridors by uprooting and cleaning of weeds to maintain a healthy population of tiger and prey species;  Evacuate and restore encroachments in biological corridors within and outside of BZ;  Procure private land of biological corridor to allow free and safe movement for wildlife;  Undertake tiger count in every fi ve years using camera trap  Manage human- tiger confl ict and address issues of ‘man-eater’ tiger immediately when informed;  Prepare land use plans for critical habitats of tigers outside PA’s and manage them on the basis of land use plans;  Undertake study regarding various aspects of four horned antelope;  Prepare four horned antelope conservation action plan;  Disseminate importance of four horned antelope conservation in the community;  Carry out spatial distribution and abundance study of four horned antelope;  Translocation of Black buck in BaNP  Provide support to problem animal, injured wildlife and orphan wild animal management practices that including provision of food and treatment;  Release gharial in Rapti river;  Introduce mashir fi sh, tortor in Rapti and Babai river in cooperation with Rampur Campus;  Construction of wildlife guiding fence in the canal constructed by Sikta Project;  Construction of appropriate stairs or ramps in regular places of Sikta Irrigation Canal;  Vaccinate domestic animal in collaboration with Livestock Service Offi ce to reduce communicable diseases;  Collaborate with Livestock Service Offi ce and introduce hybrid animal (goat, bull and buffalo) and replace unproductive livestock;  Promote stall feeding to reduce grazing pressure;  Promote fodder tree plantation in private land; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 67 Activities  Update digital database maps using latest topo sheets, satellite imageries and aerial photographs for updating tiger information;  Erect signages of warning to the passers-by in the major rights of ways, resource collection sites and shrines;  Erect hoarding boards in the highways to reduce animal hit;  Monitoring of vehicle by operating time card system;  Use of radar gun to check speed;  Random travelling in the bus to check the speed;  Procure 10 bird watching binoculars;  Procure 30 digital cameras to take pictures of wildlife and bird;  Procure 10 GPS for sectors and Range posts; and  Procure 10 Laptop Computers for Rangers. 43,055,150 Fire Management  Prepare fi re-fi ghting strategic and management plan and implement it;  Clear fi re line or undertake control burning in the fi re lines before the onset of fi re season;  Identify fi re prone areas by using satellite imagery analysis or web based fi re mapper;  Train Park staff and security personnel and BZCF members for fi re fi ghting;  Provide fi re fi ghting equipment to Park post and BZCFs;  Mobilize fi re-fi ghting team with equipment in order to stop spreading of fi re in grasslands;  Undertake early burning of grasslands on the basis of burning regime and create fi rebreaks annually;  Install forest fi re early warning systems;  Carry out fi re prevention education and awareness activities; and  Establish fi re occurrence reporting databases. 7,587,500 Wildlife Health Management  Establish wildlife orphanage and rescue centre in at least two sectors for emergency treatment;  Carry out regular check-up of elephant at elephant stable and treat them;  Treat injured animal upon arrival at orphanage and rescue centre;  Undertake research and development works towards management of wildlife health;  Coordinate Livestock Service Offi ce (LSO) and conservation partners to provide vaccine to livestock against potential diseases that can be transferred to wildlife;  Support to establish a community based veterinary center with materials required in medical emergencies;  Build capacity of frontline staff to recognize, record and report disease or poor health condition of animals or plants;  Train staff to collect sample of blood, faecal matter, urine or vital organs;  Report and document mortality of wild animals immediately after it comes to notice of any staff as part of disease surveillance strategy; and  Coordinate with livestock offi ce to undertake post-mortem of deceased endangered wild animals. 9,021,000 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan68 Activities Encroachment Management  Mapping of encroached areas and potential hotspots where it can expand;  Demarcate boundary of Park and Settlement area to discourage encroachment;  Issue notice to evacuate the encroached area;  Relocate the legal and illegal settlers residing in Dang and Salyan if they are willing to move outside of the PA by providing skill based training and other livelihood options;  Provide compensation for the registered land;  Form committee to address the issues of illegal settlers as unregistered land and encroachers;  Support to improve the livelihood of landless, fl ood victim people who have encroached the Park area for various reasons and evacuate them in win-win situation;  Fencing, plantation and restoration of evacuated and vulnerable areas; and  Coordinate with Local Government Authorities to resolve the encroachment problem. 58,787,500 Research, monitoring and capacity building Research Species Conservation  Update baseline data on fl ora and fauna;  Compile all available scientifi c information on tigers and prey species focusing ecological, methodological and human impacted topics;  Undertake intensive research on trans boundary movement of tigers and the use of corridors;  Prepare land use plans for critical habitats of tigers outside PA’s and manage them;  Update digital database maps using latest topo sheets, satellite imageries and aerial photographs for updating tiger information;  Identify indicator species to assess habitat condition;  Study status of Gharial and Mugger crocodile in Rapti river;  Study of distribution and abundance of various prey base species;  Conduct studies on the scale, extent and local variations in the intensity of HWC to help in identifying and designing effective mitigation measures;  Carry out relationship between anthropogenic activities and maintenance of healthy and viable wildlife populations;  Undertake detailed studies on ungulate-habitat relationships and the feeding behavior of ungulates;  Carry out study on spatial distribution and abundance of four horned antelope, hyaena and golden monitor lizard; and  Study ecological processes that affect maintaining healthy wildlife population; 59,325,000 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 69 Activities Habitat Management  Mapping of critical wildlife habitats and areas of high conservation signifi cance;  Undertake study to assess habitat condition of Kamdi corridor;  Identify indicator species and monitoring on regular basis to assess habitat condition;  Prepare land use management plans for critical habitats of tigers outside PA’s and manage them through BZ communities;  Study distribution and abundance of palatable grass species;  Undertake study to identify the succession pattern of grasslands, forests and wetlands;  Study the effect of IAS to wildlife habitat;  Collaborate with research institutions and academic institutions to fi nd the appropriate measures for controlling IAS;  Conduct study on the effect of habitat fragmentation and degradation on wildlife survival;  Study and document indigenous wetland conservation knowledge, skills and practices;  Carry out wetlands and grasslands mapping and assess their successional dynamics to inform management prescriptions; and  Conduct research, monitoring and documentation for facilitating water and land use planning and management. Fire Management  Undertake spatial and temporal pattern of fi re incidence; and  Identify fi re prone areas by using satellite imagery analysis or web-based fi re mapper. Encroachment  Develop protocols for measuring demographic parameters (abundance, survival, dispersal, meta population, source sink dynamics etc.) in tiger. Tourism Management  Document perception of visitors about the tourism facilities and services from hotels and Park authorities;  Study to identify potential tourism products and their packaging;  Aspiration of hotel operators regarding services and cooperation from the Park;  Conduct study to identify potential site to promote homestay; and  Undertake marketing strategy to attract visitors in the Park and BZ. Climate Change  Conduct study of climate change indicators and impact on biodiversity conservation along with identifi cation of adaptation activities; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan70 Activities  Carry out possible impacts of climate change on wildlife population;  Study the impacts of changes in precipitation and temperatures in the biodiversity of the Park;  Undertake vulnerability assessment of species and local communities with respect to climate change; and  Prepare community-based adaptation plans for most vulnerable sections/ areas. Buffer Zone  Undertake socio-economic condition of local people in the areas where human-wildlife confl ict is high;  Carry out relationship between anthropogenic activities and maintenance of healthy and viable wildlife populations;  Conduct study to assess the optimum quantity of sand, gravel and boulder that can be extracted each year; and  Study to improve the management of cremation site (ghat) to reduce waste at both sides of highway. Institutional Strengthening  Review and upgrade reporting and information sharing system;  Prepare Annual Progress Reports;  Undertake evaluation of fi ve-year management plan;  Prepare next fi ve-year management plan including IEE; and  Undertake study of management effectiveness of the Park. Monitoring Species Monitoring  Monitoring of tiger on periodic basis based on camera trap;  Monitor tigers around the BZ with local community engagement;  Monitoring of four horned antelope on periodic basis based on direct count;  Monitoring of indicator species;  Monitor prey base species on regular interval;  Monitoring of small mammals;  Identifi cation and monitoring of climate sensitive species on a long-term;  Monitoring of winter migratory water birds; and  Monitoring of globally threatened and nationally protected birds. Habitat Monitoring  Undertake habitat monitoring, prepare check list of food plants, document physical and phenological changes in vegetation, quantity and quality of discharges in streams and biotic disturbance; Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 71 Activities  Monitor habitat quality using DNPWC-MIS formats for ground verifi cation, data validation and management implications;  Undertake monitoring of permanent plots, transect lines in forests, grasslands and other habitats;  Monitor impacts of fl oods and extended droughts on wildlife habitats;  Periodic wetlands and water holes monitoring including water quality; and  Monitor extraction of soil, sand and gravel in coordination with local authority. Fire Monitoring  Monitor spatial and temporal pattern of fi re incidence; and  Monitor fi re and fuel dynamics. Tourism Impact Monitoring  Monitor tourism impact on social, economic and culture; and  Monitor the contribution of tourism to the poor, women and marginalized community. Capacity Building Park Protection  Orientation training to security troops for newly appointed Battalion before deployment in the fi eld;  Orientation training to Game Scouts on legal issues;  Refreshment trainings to the fi eld staffs and security personnel;  Basic training to Games Scouts and Rangers to handle Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment, camera, etc.;  Training on Real-time SMART patrolling to Park staff and security troops;  Conduct anti-poaching operation trainings to Park staffs security personnel and CBAPU members;  Conduct crime scene investigation and interrogation trainings to investigators as per legal provision;  Human rights training to handle the convicted people; and  Judicial training to Park Offi cers. Species Conservation  Wildlife management and handling training;  Conduct training on habitat and population monitoring techniques;  Training about fi eld techniques, including signs, sound and other indirect evidences of different wildlife species;  Train staff to collect sample of blood, fecal matter, urine or vital organs; and  CITES implementation training. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan72 Activities Habitat Management  Basic training on vegetation quantifi cation for recording data in monitoring plots; and  Provides training to the Park staff in wildlife habitat monitoring. Fire management  Conduct forest fi re management training to the Park staff, security personnel and BZCF members. Wildlife health management  Build capacity of frontline staffs to collect sample of blood, fecal matter, urine or vital organs; and  Build capacity of frontline staffs to identify, record and report disease or poor health condition of wildlife; Tourism management  Provide trainings to nature guides to enhance their capacity in nature interpretation specifi cally on wildlife, birds and plants etc.; and  Training on nature interpretation and display management. BZ  Social mobilization training;  Appreciative enquiry training;  Confl ict management training;  Community-based climate vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning training;  Organization development and management training;  Leadership development training; and  Account keeping training. Institutional Strengthening  General and specialized ToT;  Public administration and management training;  Planning, monitoring and evaluation training;  Database management Training to Rangers and Offi cers; and  Geographical Information System (GIS) training to Rangers and Offi cers. Tourism  Construct seven entry gates for visitors in Shiva khola, Kusum, Sikta, Dhakeri, Chisapani, Sutaiya and Khadkabar;  Construct multipurpose VICs at Kohalpur and Obhari that includes ticket counter, display centre, museum, documentary showing hall, souvenir shop, refreshment centre, and rest room;  Place display boards with information on tourist destination areas and tourism products of BaNP in Bhairahawa and Nepalgunj Airport;  Place display boards in the VICs of BNP and KrCA to attract visitors in BaNP:  Construct, maintain and repair concrete or wooden watch towers at appropriate locations near grasslands and waterholes; 51,701,252 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 73 Activities  Erect hoarding boards informing Do’s and Don’ts in the Park and BZ for the visitors;  Place signage at appropriate location in the Park to show direction to the visitors;  Construct raised platforms to climb for elephant safari, at least, in two places;  Construct cultural house and museums in the BZ;  Support BZ community to operate community lodges and homestays in the tourist hubs of the BZ especially in Gavar valley, Balapur and Buchapur;  Undertake study of elephant safari route and provide elephant safari service to the visitors;  Undertake study to fi nalize jeep safari routes and provide route permit and license to operate jeep safari;  Place advertisement boards of elephant and jeep safari in the Park;  Prepare Video Spot to promote tourism in BaNP;  Advertise tourism products in the Park through Television, Radio and FM radio at national and local level;  Organize meetings and training to promote local entrepreneur and nature guide to operate jeep safari and other facilities in the Park;  Organize Clean-up campaigns to manage waste along the highway (waste collection and disposal);  Conduct nature guide trainings to local and interested individuals giving priority to indigenous and marginalized communities and youths;  Enhance capacity of nature guides in nature interpretation specifi cally on wildlife, birds, plants through trainings and some experience sharing activities;  Conduct home-stay, house-keeping and cook trainings at Aghaiya, Dhakeri, Khadkabar, Gavar valley, Balapur and Buchapur;  Organize cottage and small business development and management training;  Provide support to journalists to visit BaNP and publish article;  Publish news and article in newspaper; and  Production of video documentary. Climate Change Adaptation and Solid Waste Management Climate Change  Conduct participatory vulnerability assessments to identify the most vulnerable regions and communities;  Prepare Local Adaptation Plan of Action for all the municipalities and rural municipalities of BZ while prioritizing Rapti Sonari and Babai to start with;  Form community-based disaster management committee and link them with climate change and adaptation related institutions to tackle climate-related effects;  Conduct trainings to enhance the capacity of Park Staffs, security persons, and BZ communities to cope with the climate change impacts;  Pilot early warning system of fl ash fl ood in the fl ood prone areas;  Construct waterholes in the dry Bhavar region and arrange for permanent water holding either through natural or artifi cial water recharge; 25,443,575 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan74 Activities  Create, maintain and expand wetlands and implement water harvesting and regulation mechanisms using available technologies;  Manage grasslands through uprooting weeds by both manual and mechanical including burning where required;  Prioritize preventive measures to minimize fi re risks to wildlife by creating and maintaining fi re lines as well as awareness programmes;  Prepare forest fi re management plan and integrate forest fi re control in the OP of BZCF;  Implement community-based forest fi re management;  Conserve churia region to control sediment fl ow in the downstream;  Plant fuel wood species in the BZ to maintain the balance between fuel wood demand and supply for the house hold of local people;  Scale up biomass and energy effi cient technologies such as Improved Cook Stove (ICS) and Biogas to reduce fuel wood consumption;  Manage and monitor collection of sand, gravel and boulder from the river in sustainable manner;  Periodic repair, maintenance and upgrading of PA posts, access roads and fi re lines in the park to reduce impacts of fl ooding, landslides and inundation;  Periodic repair and maintenance of community infrastructures such as Jorhatte irrigation canal and Obhari irrigation canal;  Divert Bhakta Khola to Rimna Khola to protect settlement and agricultural land from fl oods and innundation;  Construct embankment, spur or any soil conservation measure in various rivers and streams to protect park infrastructures, human settlements and wildlife habitats from fl ood specially around Park head quarter, Paruwa Khola, Rapti River, Duduwa Khola, Babai river banks, Jhijari, Jethinala and Gaukholi; and  Facilitate market linkages and voluntary carbon fi nancing. Solid waste management  Provide support to manage garbage with special focus on reducing production, recycling, and destruction by prohibiting the use of polluting items such as plastic bags;  Support to develop proper sanitation infrastructures including drainage, toilets, collection and recycling systems;  Demonstrate proper techniques of garbage disposal and recycling techniques to stakeholders;  Prepare a common sanitation guideline to make them adopt minimum sanitation standards for hotel, lodge, homestay and restaurant in managing clean front yard, toilet with leak proof septic tanks and waste water soakage pits; and  Construct new cremation site. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 75 Activities Buffer Zone  Provide support to form 10 BZCFs;  Provide support to 150 BZCFs to prepare constitution, operational plan and its renewal;  Organize BZCF management trainings;  Support in institutional strengthening of BZUGs, BZUCs, BZCFs;  Support BZUCs to prepare fi ve year plan;  Support to operate 3 private nurseries in 3 districts;  Provide support to installation appropriate biomass energy technologies such as Improved Cook Stove (ICS) and biogas;  Restore degraded forests in the BZ/national forests and CFs in BZ by artifi cial or natural regeneration;  Create alternative grazing land and ponds in appropriate areas of BZ for livestock to reduce pressure on core area;  Construct fi re lines in BZ forests;  Provide seedlings and organize plantation in the corridor, public lands to enhance greenery in degraded corridors;  Manage relief fund effi ciently for the victims of human wildlife confl ict;  Pilot rain water harvesting program in selected Churia region;  Construction of culvert and cause way;  Support to repair and maintenance of Tuber Culosis rehabilitation centre at Agaiya;  Upgrade the fi re line from Paruwa khola to Balapur village;  Construct drinking water facilities at Rapti sonari -1, Bajhkholi and Baijanath-1, Chisapani;  Prepare livelihood improvement plan;  Promote high value crops and crops that are not preferred by wildlife;  Provide livestock, poultry and off-season vegetable farming trainings;  Provide support to skill based occupational trainings to local people of BZ;  Organize orientation related to conservation legislation in order to maintain Park-people amity;  Initiate conservation focused programme in schools of BZ by forming Eco-clubs;  Strengthen Eco-clubs by providing trainings such as team building, management of club as organization and organizing events;  Mobilize Eco-clubs to organize plantation, clean up campaigns and conservation rallies;  Provide support to organize conservation related school level contest such as oratory, quiz, essay, poem and songs to enhance their knowledge in conservation,  Organize conservation education tours to Eco-club members to increase their awareness in biodiversity conservation;  Organize learning visits in other PAs to BaNP staffs and BZUC members to see the success stories and interact with other community members; 386,989,434 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan76 Activities  Produce Information Education and Communication (IEC) material;  Celebrate special Days; and  Monitor the extraction of soil, sand and gravel in coordination with local authority Administrative  Salary, Ration, Uniform and Daily Subsistence Allowances  Procure computer  Procure multimedia projector  Management of offi ce equipment  Stationeries  Procure furniture  Payment of electricity, telephone, Internet 287,161,500 Total 1,232,393,911 11.3 Gender Equity and Social Inclusion Gender inequality and social exclusion are issues of global concern. Over the last decade, Asia and the Pacifi c region has made a remarkable progress on these issues (MoUD 2013). Nepal is not an exception to this regard. Since last decade, it has been moving ahead by fulfi lling all commitments made in the international arena towards non-discrimination, gender equality and social justice. In this regard, BaNP needs to better target the delivery of development to the hardest to reach segments of society, those who have been excluded from development and those who have been overlooked. BaNP will adopt strategy as a core cross-cutting theme. The implementation of strategy will be participatory and inclusive as possible. At the program level the focus will be laid to identify whether the program is GESI responsive, embraces inclusive approaches in program appraisal, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In terms of organizational preparedness, building conceptual clarity and operational skills for issues is a common concern for all partners. The management plan will mainstream strategy to engage and empower women and marginalized people in equitable benefi t sharing through meaningful participation in participatory biodiversity conservation activities. 11.4 Implementation and Mainstreaming Strategy The Park will adopt biodiversity conservation at landscape approach involving BZ communities in participatory manner. The BZ institutions will be strengthened and institutionalized in participatory planning, implementation and monitoring. The BZ institution will maintain transparency about their programme to local community including local Government. The Park will continue to work together with Nepal Army to protect the biodiversity adopting innovative technology in patrolling. Pooling the resources to implement the activities with conservation partners will be one of the key strategies followed by implementation in the ground in partnership approach. Similarly, BZ institution will also coordinate with local Government to pool the resources to develop infrastructure in the BZ. The Park will adopt communication strategy to orient legislations related to conservation to local people involving BZ communities and Eco-clubs. The strategy will be taken to involve Research institutions Universities and Colleges to carry out research and studies in the areas of conservation. The Park will take all possible measures to maintain Park- people amity. In this regard, relief fund will be delivered in effective manner. Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 77 References BaNP. 2009. Banke Basnet. K. K.M. Shrestha, E.R. Sigdel, P. Ghimere 1998. Biodiversity inventory of Royal Bardia National Park Extension Area, WWF Nepal Program. (Draft Report). BaNP. 2010. Banke National Park and Buffer Zone Management Plan 2010-2014 (Draft Report) BaNP. 2013. Fish Survey at Rapti and Babai Rivers. Banke National Park, Obhari. BaNP. 2013. Habitat Mapping and Population Survey of FHA at Banke National Park, Obhari. BaNP. 2017. Banke National Park Annual Report 2073/074. Banke National Park, Obhari. Basnet K. 1995. Biodiversity Inventory of Royal Bardia National Park, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and WWF Napal program. Bauer, J.J. 1988. A Preliminary assessment of the re-introduction success of the Asian One horned Rhinoceros in Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal UNDP/DNPWC. BCN. 2016. Birds of Banke National Park, DNPWC, NTNC and BCN Kathmandu Bhatta, S.R. 1995. Poaching with Buffer zone management: A case study from Royal Bardia National Park. M.Sc. Thesis. The Agricultural University of Publicity of Norway, Norway. Dahal, B.V. 2013. Habitat Survey of Four Horned Antelope at Banke National Park, Nepal DNPWC (2016). Tiger Conservation Action Plan (2016-2020). Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, Nepal. DNPWC, 2011. The Status of Nepal’s Mammals: The National Red List Series. DNPWC, NTNC and IUCN, Kathmandu DNPWC/WWF 1997. Tourism development plans for Royal Bardia National Park and its Buffer Zone, DNPWC and WWF Kathmandu. DNPWC. 1996. Buffer Zone Management Regulation, 2052, DNPWC, Kathmandu DNPWC. 1999. Buffer Zone Management Guidelines, 2056, DNPWC, Kathmandu GoN/MoFSC, 2014. Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2014-2020. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal. HMG. 1996. Biodiversity Profi les Project. Volumes 1-16. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and EUROCONSULT, Kathmandu. HMG. 1995. Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for the Forestry Sector. GoN. HMG. 1988. Master Plan for Forestry Sector. Nepal. Inskipp, C. 1989. Nepal’s Forest birds: their status and conservation. International council for Bird Preservation. Cambridge, England, Monograph #4.page 160 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan78 Inskipp, C. 1982 .Checklist of birds of Royal Bardia National Park, ICBP Cambridge. Mackinnon, J.K Mackinnon G. Child and J. Thorsell. 1986. Managing PAs in the tropic, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, pages 295+xvi Maskey, T.M 1992. Gharial Conservation in Babai river DNPWC/ KMTNC MoUD. (2013). Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Operational Guidelines 2013. Ministry of Urban Development Nepal. S. 2068. A Report on Prey-base Survey 2068. Banke National Park Oli. C.B. 2018, Dry season diet composition of four-horned antelope Tetracerus quadricornisin tropical dry deciduous forests, Nepal Pokharel. S.K. 1993 fl oristic composition biomass production and biomass harvest in the grassland of the Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal M.Sc. thesis. The Agricultural University of Norway, Norway. Pokharel, K. & I. Storch (2012). Factors infl uencing the spatial distribution patterns of the Four-horned Antelope in lowland Nepal. Gnusletter 30(2): 13–14 Pradhan, N.M.B. 1995 Buffer Zone Management in Nepal, A case study of Royal Bardia National Park on sustainable use of fuel wood and timber resources, M.Sc. thesis, Agricultural University of Norway, Norway. Sayer J. 1991 Rain forest buffer zones guidelines for PA managers IUCN, Gland Sharma U.R. 1990. An Overview of Park People interactions in Royal Chitwan National Park Nepal. Landscape and urban planning 19:133-144 Shrestha (Karmachartya), S. 1993. Assessment of wildlife food products and their role in household consumption pattern a case study of Bardia district Nepal M.Sc. thesis The Agricultural university of Norway, Norway. Upreti, B.N. 1998. Banke National Park survey and plan development: policy and legal aspect. WWF Nepal Program, Kathmandu Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 79 Annexes Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan80 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 81 Flora of Banke National Park Annex-I S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 1 Acanthaceae Andrographis paniculata 2 Acanthaceae Barleria cristata Bhende kuro Herb 3 Acanthaceae Barleria prionites Kuro Herb 4 Acanthaceae Eranthemum purpurascens Shrub 5 Acanthaceae Gomphrena sp. Jogikath Tree 6 Acanthaceae Hygrophila auriculata Tal Makhana Herb 7 Acanthaceae Justicia adhatoda Asuro Shrub 8 Acanthaceae Justicia diffusa Phulphar Herb 9 Acanthaceae Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Chuwa Shrub 10 Acanthaceae Ruellia beddomei Herb 11 Acanthaceae Rungia pectinata Ukuche Jhar Herb 12 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Apamarg/ Datuwan Herb 13 Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis Bhiringi jhar Herb 14 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus Ban lunde/ Kande latte Herb 15 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis Latte saag Herb 16 Amaranthaceae Digera muricata Herb 17 Amaryllidaceae Curculigo orchioides Musli kanda Herb 18 Anacardiaceae Buchanania latifolia Pyari Tree 19 Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica Hallude Tree 20 Anacardiaceae Lannea grandis Dabdabe Tree 21 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Aanp Tree 22 Anacardiaceae Rhus parvifl ora Sati bayer Shrub 23 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus anacardium Bhalayo Tree 24 Anacardiaceae Spondias amara Amaro Tree 25 Anacardiaceae Spondias pinnata Amaro Tree 26 Annoanaceae Milisusa velunina Dornsal Tree 27 Annonaceae Annona squamosa Sarifa Sh/Tree 28 Apiaceae Centella asiatica. Ghod tapre Herb 29 Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Chhatiwan Tree 30 Apocynaceae Carissa carandas Karenda Shrub 31 Apocynaceae Carissa spinarum Karenda Shrub 32 Apocynaceae Hollarrhena pubescens Khirro/ Indrajau Tree 33 Apocynaceae Plumera rubra Choya Phool Herb Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan82 S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 34 Apocynaceae Rauvolfi a serpentina Sarpagandha Shrub 35 Araceae Acorus calamus Bhojo Herb 36 Araceae Arisaema sp. Sarpa makai Herb 37 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea Ank Shrub 38 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera Ank “ 39 Asteraceae Ageratina adenophora Banmara 40 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Gande ghans Herb white fl . 41 Asteraceae Ageratum houstonianum “ “ blue fl . 42 Asteraceae Artemisia indica Titepati Herb 43 Asteraceae Blumea balsamifera Gaitihare Herb 44 Asteraceae Cirsium arvense /walichii Thakal Herb 45 Asteraceae Gnaphalium affi ne Bokre phool Herb 46 Asteraceae Parthenium hysterophorus Banmara “ 47 Asteraceae Tridax procumbens Putali Jhar Herb 48 Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium Bhederuro Herb 49 Basellaceae Basella alba 50 Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum Tatelo Tree 51 Bombacaceae Bombax ceiba Simal Tree 52 Butomaceae Butomopsis latifolia Karkalo Jhar Herb 53 Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa Ganja/Bhang Shrub 54 Combretaceae Terminalia alata Asna/Saj Tree 55 Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica Barro Tree 56 Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Harro Tree 57 Compositae Bidens pilosa Kalo Kuro Herb 58 Convolvulaceae Cuscuta refl exa Akasbeli Herb parasite 59 Convolvulaceae Ipomea carnea Besaram Shrub 60 Convolvulaceae Ipomea quamocli Jante phul Climber 61 Cucurbitaceae Solena heterophylla Climber 62 Dilleniaceae Dillenia pentagyna Tantari Tree 63 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera Githa Climber 64 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea glabra Ban Tarul Climber 65 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea hispida Bharlang “ 66 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea pentaphylla Bhyakur Climber 67 Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Sal Tree 68 Ebenaceae Diospyros lancifolia Tandu Tree 69 Ebenaceae Diospyros tomentosa Tandu Tree 70 Equisetaceae Equisetum arvanse Herb 71 Euphorbiaceae Bridelia retusa Gayo Tree 72 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta Dudhejhar Herb 73 Euphorbiaceae Jatropa curcas Sajiwon/ Nimtel Shrub Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 83 S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 74 Euphorbiaceae Jatropa gossypifolia “ 75 Euphorbiaceae Mallotus phillippensis Sindure Tree 76 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica Amala Tree 77 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus parvifolius Khareto Shrub 78 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus virgatus 79 Euphorbiaceae Riccinus communis Andir Shrub 80 Euphorbiaceae Sapium insigne Khirro Tree 81 Euphorbiaceae Securinega leucopyrus 82 Euphorbiaceae Trewia nudifl ora Vellar/Gutel Tree 83 Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Rati gedi Climber 84 Fabaceae Acacia catechu Khayer Tree 85 Fabaceae Acacia farnesiana 86 Fabaceae Acacia pennata Arali kanda Climber 87 Fabaceae Acacia rugata Sikakai 88 Fabaceae Albizia lebbek Kalo Siris Tree 89 Fabaceae Albizia procera Seto Siris Tree 90 Fabaceae Bauhinia purpurea Tanki Tree 91 Fabaceae Bauhinia vahlii Bhorla Climber Vine 92 Fabaceae Bauhinia variegata Koiralo Tree 93 Fabaceae Butea monosperma Palans Tree 94 Fabaceae Cassia fi stula Raj brikschha Tree 95 Fabaceae Cassia occidentalis Th ulo Tapre Shrub 96 Fabaceae Cassia tora Tapre Shrub 97 Fabaceae Clitoria ternatea Aparjitia Climber 98 Fabaceae Crotolaria albida Bhendi phul Herb 99 Fabaceae Crotolaria calycina Herb 100 Fabaceae Crotolaria prostrata Chhunchhuni Herb 101 Fabaceae Dalbergia latifolia Satisal Tree 102 Fabaceae Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo Tree 103 Fabaceae Desmodium gangeticum Sal-parni Shrub 104 Fabaceae Desmodium hispida Bhurlang Climber 105 Fabaceae Desmodium multifl orum Bhattmase Sherb 106 Fabaceae Desmodium oojeinensis Sandan Tree 107 Fabaceae Erythrina indica Faledo Tree 108 Fabaceae Flemingia macrophylla Bhattwasi Shrub 109 Fabaceae Flemingia strobilifera Bhattwasi “ 110 Fabaceae Indigofera dosua Dusi swan Shrub 111 Fabaceae Indigofera pulchella Sakhino Shrub 112 Fabaceae Indopiptadenia oudhensis 113 Fabaceae Macrotyloma unifl orum Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan84 S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 114 Fabaceae Milletia auriculata Gauje lahara Climber 115 Fabaceae Mimosa himalayana 116 Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Lazzabati Shrub 117 Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Karengi/ Dithbarna Tree 118 Fabaceae Spatholabus parvifl ora Debre lahara Climber Vine 119 Fabaceae Uraria picta 120 Hydrocharitaceae Ottelia alismoides. 121 Labiatae Mentha spicata 122 Leeaceae Leea asiatica Galeni Shrub 123 Liliaceae Asparagus adscendens Kurilo/Satabari Herb 124 Liliaceae Asparagus racimosa Kurilo Herb 125 Liliaceae Theropogan pallidus 126 Lineaceae Reinwardtia indica Bakre ghans/ Pyauli Shrub 127 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia parvifl ora Bot dhangero Tree 128 Lythraceae Woordfordia fruticosa Rani dhangero Shrub 129 Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys nutans 130 Malvaceae Abelmoschus manihot 131 Malvaceae Abelmoschus moschatus Kasturi Herb 132 Malvaceae Abutilon indicum 133 Malvaceae Kydia calycina Bohori Tree 134 Malvaceae Malvastrum americanum 135 Malvaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum 136 Malvaceae Sida cordata Dalle kuro Shrub 137 Malvaceae Sida cordifolia Dalle kuro Shrub 138 Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia Sano chillya Shrub 139 Malvaceae Sida spinosa Walu/Balu Shrub 140 Malvaceae Thespesia lampas Ban kapas Shrub 141 Malvaceae Urena lobata Nalu kuro Shrub 142 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Neem Tree 143 Meliaceae Heynea trijuga Ankatari Shrub 144 Meliaceae Melia azederach Bakaino Tree 145 Meliaceae Toona ciliata Tooni Tree 146 Menispermaceae Cissampelos pareira Batul pate Climber 147 Menispermaceae Tinospora cordifolia Gurjo Climber 148 Moraceae Ficus auriculata Timila Tree 149 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Bar Tree 150 Moraceae Ficus benjamina Sami Tree 151 Moraceae Ficus clavata Berulo Tree Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 85 S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 152 Moraceae Ficus glaberrima Pakhure Tree 153 Moraceae Ficus hispida Kharseto Tree 154 Moraceae Ficus lacor Kavro Tree 155 Moraceae Ficus racemosa Gular Tree 156 Moraceae Ficus religiosa Peepal Tree 157 Moraceae Ficus semicordata Khanim Tree 158 Moraceae Morus alba Kimbu Tree 159 Myrsinaceae Ardisia macrocarpa Damai phul Shrub 160 Myrsinaceae Myrasine semiserrata Kali kath Tree 161 Myrtaceae Careya arborea Kumbhi Tree 162 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx operculata 163 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus citriodora Masala Tree 164 Myrtaceae Eugenia operculata Kyamuna Tree 165 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Amba Tree 166 Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Jamun Tree 167 Myrtaceae Syzygium frondosa Farim “ 168 Nyctaginaceae Boerhaavia diffusa Punarwa Herb 169 Oleaceae Nyctanthes arbortristis Parijat Tree 170 Orchidaceae Aerides odoratum II 171 Orchidaceae Habenaria furcifera II 172 Orchidaceae Trudelia cristata II 173 Orchidaceae Zeuxine strateumatica II 174 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Chari amilo Herb 175 Palmacae Phoenix aquilis Thakal Herb/S 176 Palmae Phoenix loureiri var. humilis Thakal Herb/S 177 Pinaceae Pinus roxburghii Khote Salla Tree 178 Piperaceae Piper betel Pan Climber 179 Piperaceae Piper longum Pipla Climber 180 Poaceae Apluda mutica Dakle khar Herb/ grass 181 Poaceae Arundinella nepalensis 182 Poaceae Brothriochloa bladhii 183 Poaceae Chrysopogan serrulatus Kagati ghans Herb 184 Poaceae Cynoden dactylon Dubo Herb 185 Poaceae Degetaria sp. Banso Herb 186 Poaceae Dendrocalamus sp. Bans Bamboo 187 Poaceae Desmostachya bipinnata Kush Herb 188 Poaceae Eulalia contorta 189 Poaceae Eulaliopsis binata Babiyo Herb 190 Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Siru Herb 191 Poaceae Narenga popherecoma Narkat Herb Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan86 S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 192 Poaceae Pogonatherum paniceum 193 Poaceae Themeda arundinaceae Khar/Dhaddi Herb 194 Poaceae Thysanolaena maxima Amriso Herb 195 Ponteridaceae Eichhornia crassipes Jal kumbhi Herb 196 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Sita bayer Tree 197 Rhamnaceae Zyzyphus jujuba Bayer Shrub 198 Rhamnaceae Zyzyphus rugosa Hade bayer Shrub 199 Rosaceae Prunus pasia Mayel Tree 200 Rosaceae Rubus ellipticus Ainselu Shrub 201 Rubiaceae Adina cordifolia Karma Tree 202 Rubiaceae Anthocephalus chinensis Kadam Tree 203 Rubiaceae Ganelia turgid 204 Rubiaceae Hamiltonia suaveolens 205 Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon excelsum Lodi karam/ Bhudkul Tree 206 Rubiaceae Mitragyna parvifolia Faldu Tree 207 Rubiaceae Rubia manjith Majhitho Climber 208 Rubiaceae Wendlandia puberula Ban kanyu/ Tilka Tree 209 Rubiaceae Xeromphis spinosa Maidal/Main kanda Shrub 210 Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Bel Tree 211 Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Asare Shrub 212 Salicaceae Anogeissus latifolia Banjhi/ Dhaunki Tree 213 Samydaceae Casearia tomemtosa Chilla Tree 214 Santalaceae Osyris wightiana Nundhiki Shrub 215 Sapindaceae Sapindus mukorossi Rittha Tree Planted 216 Sapindaceae Schleichera oleosa Kusum Tree 217 Sapotaceae Aesandra butyraceae Chyuri Tree 218 Sapotaceae Madhuca longifoliavar indica Mahuwa Tree 219 Schizaeaceae Lygodium japonicum 220 Scrophulariaceae Mazus pumilus 221 Scrophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis 222 Simaraubaceae Picrasena javanica 223 Smilacaceae Smilax ovalifolia Kukur daino Climber 224 Solanaceae Datura stramonium Dhaturo Shrub/H 225 Solanaceae Nicandra physalodes 226 Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Jangali bihin Shrub 227 Solanaceae Solanum torvum Thulo bihin Shrub Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 87 S. N. Family Scientifi c Name Local Name Habit CITES Status Remarks 228 Solanaceae Solanum virginianum 229 Solanaceae Solanum xanthocarpum Kantakari Shrub 230 Sterculiaceae Helicteres isora 231 Sterculiaceae Sterculia vellosa Odal Tree 232 Stilaginaceae Antidesma diandrum Amari Tree 233 Tiliaceae Grewia asiatica 234 Tiliaceae Grewia disperma 235 Tiliaceae Grewia glabra 236 Tiliaceae Grewia helicterifolia 237 Tiliaceae Grewia optiva Fusro/Bhimal Tree 238 Typhaceae Typha angustifolia Pater Herb 239 Ulmaceae Holeptelia integrefolia Tree 240 Urticaceae Urtica dioca Sisnu Herb 241 Verbenaceae Callicarpa macrophylla Dahi kamle Shrub 242 Verbenaceae Caryopteris foetidia Khursani ghans Shrub 243 Verbenaceae Caryopteris odorata 244 Verbenaceae Clerodendron viscosum Bhanti Shrub 245 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum indicum Chinde Shrub 246 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum serratum Chua Shrub 247 Verbenaceae Colebrockea oppositifolia Dhursul Shrub 248 Verbenaceae Holmskioldia sanguinea Jhule phul Shrub 249 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Banmara Shrub 250 Verbenaceae Phyla nodifl ora 251 Verbenaceae Pogostemon bengalensis Rudilo Shrub 252 Verbenaceae Premna barbata Gineri Tree 253 Verbenaceae Premna interrupta Gineri Tree 254 Verbenaceae Salvia plebeia 255 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Teak Tree 256 Verbenaceae Vitex negundo Simali Shrub 257 Vitaceae Ampelocissus latifolia Climber 258 Vitaceae Ampleocissus sikkimensis Climber 259 Vitaceae Cayratia trifolia Climber 260 Vitaceae Cissus repens Purani Climber 261 Vitaceae Vitis jacquemontii Climber 262 Zingiberaceae Costus speciosus 263 Zingiberaceae Hedychium gardnerianum 264 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris Gokhur Herb (Source: Field survey June 2013) Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan88 M am m al s of B aN P A nn ex I I S. N . O rd er F am ily Sc ie nt ifi c na m e C om m on n am e L oc al n am e C on se rv at io n st at us R em ar ks N P W C A ct C IT E S A pp en di x IU C N R ed d at a 1 A rt io da ct ya la C er vi da e A xi s ax is Sp ot te d de er C hi tta l 2 C er vi da e A xi s po rc in us H og d ee r L ag un a 3 B ov id ae B os el ap hu s tr ag oc am el us B lu e bu ll N ilg ai 4 C er vi da e C er vu s un ic ol or Sa m ba r Ja ra yo 5 C er vi da e M un tia cu s m un itj ac B ar ki ng d ee r R at o m ri ga / R at uw a 6 B ov id ae N em or ha ed us g or al G ho ra l G ho ra l I 7 Su id ae Su s sc ro fa W ild b oa r B an de l 8 B ov id ae Te tr ac er us q ua dr ic or ni s Fo ur H or ne d A nt el op e C ho uk a P II I 9 C ar ni vo ra C an id ae C an is a ur eu s Ja ck al Sy al 10 C an id ae C uo n al pi nu s W ild d og B an k uk ur II 11 Fe lid ae F el is b en ga le ns is L eo pa rd c at C ha ri b ag h P II 12 Fe lid ae F el is c ha us Ju ng le c at B an b ir al o II 13 H er pe st es a ur op un ct at us C om m on M on go os e N ya ur i 14 H er pe st es e dw ar ds ii Sm al l M on go os e N ya ur i 15 P ri on od on p ar di co lo r Sp ot te d lin gs an g Si lu B ir al o P I 16 C an id ae H ya yn a hy ae na St ri pe d H ye an a H un da r P 17 Lu tr a pe rs pi ci lla ta Sm oo th o tte r O th 18 U rs id ae M el ur us u rs in us Sl ot h B ea r B ha lu I Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 89 S. N . O rd er F am ily Sc ie nt ifi c na m e C om m on n am e L oc al n am e C on se rv at io n st at us R em ar ks N P W C A ct C IT E S A pp en di x IU C N R ed d at a 19 Fe lid ae P an th er a pa rd us L eo pa rd C hi tu w a I 20 Fe lid ae P an th er a tig ri s Ti ge r B ag h P I E 21 V iv er ri ad ae Vi ve rr a in di ca Sm al l C iv et Sa no m al sa pr o 22 V iv er ri ad ae Vi ve rr a zi be th a L ar ge C iv et M al sa pr o 23 C an id ae Vu lp es b en ga le ns is In di an F ox Ph ya ur o 24 C hi ro pt er a C yn op te ru s sp hi nx Sh or t n os ed fr ui t b at C ha m er o 25 P ip is tr el lu s co ro m ed ra In di an p ip is tr el le C ha m er o 26 Sc ot op hi lu s he at h Y el lo w h ou se b at C ha m er o 27 Pr im at es M ac ac a m ul at ta R he su s m ac aq ue R at o B an da r II 28 P re sb yt is e nt el lu s C om m on la ng ur L an gu r I 29 R od en tia F un am bu lu s pe nn at i Pa lm S qu ir re l L ok ha rk e 30 H ys tr ix in di ca Po rc up in e D um si 31 P et ta ur is ta p et au ri st a Fl yi ng s qu ir re l K oi ra la 32 R at tu s ra ttu s H ou se ra t M us o 33 Pr ob sc id ea E le ph an tid ae E le ph us m ax im us W ild E le ph an t H at ti P I 34 Ph ol id ot a M an id ae M an is c ra ss ic au da ta Pa ng ol in (I nd ia n) Sa la k P II M os t o f t he s pe ci es h as n ot b ee n m ar ke d un de r I U C N re db oo k co lu m n ab ov e Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan90 Birds of BaNP Annex-III S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference GALLIFORMES Phasianidae 1 Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus sfnf] ltqf r2 1 2 Grey Francolin # Francolinus pondicerianus slk~hn ltqf r3 1 3 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus n'O{r] r1 1 4 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus d'h'/ r1 1 ANSERIFORMES Anatidae 5 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea rv]jf rv]jL w1 1 6 Northern Pintail # Anas acuta ;'O{/f]k'R5 w2 7 7 Goosander Mergus merganser dl0ft'08s w2 1 CICONIIFORMES Ciconiidae 8 Asian Openbill # Anastomus oscitans 3'FuLkmf]/ u?8 r3 1 9 Woolly-necked Stork * Ciconia episcopus nf]eLkfkL u?8 r4 1 Threskiornithidae 10 Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa s/f{ ;fFj/L r3 1 Ardeidae 11 Little Egret Egretta garzetta ;fgf] ;]tf] as'Nnf r1 1 12 Great Egret Casmerodius albus 7'nf] ;]tf] as'Nnf r2 1 13 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia demf}nf ;]tf] as'Nnf r2 1 14 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis j:t' as'Nnf r1 1 15 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii cf;sf]6] as'Nnf r1 1 16 Little Heron Butorides striatus 5f]6fv'§] as'Nnf r3 1 17 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea km';|f] as'Nnf r3 2 PELECANIFORES Phalacrocoracidae 18 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger ;fgf] hn]jf r2 2 19 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo hn]jf w1 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 91 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference FALCONIFORMES Falconidae 20 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus af}+8fO r2 1 21 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus zfxL afh r3 8 Accipitridae 22 Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus dw'xf r2 1 23 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus d';] rLn r3 1 24 Black Kite Milvus migrans sfnf] rLn r3 1 25 Egyptian Vulture * # Neophron percnopterus ;]tf] lu4 r4 2 26 White-rumped Vulture*# Gyps bengalensis 8+u/ lu4 r3 9 27 Himalayan Vulture # Gyps himalayensis lxdfnL lu4 w3 1 28 Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus v}/f] lu4 w4 9 29 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela sfsfs'n r1 1 30 Shikra Accipiter badius lzqmf r2 1 31 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa hdn Zo]gafh r2 2 32 Steppe Eagle *# Aquila nipalensis uf]dfo' dxfrLn w4 2 33 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus sfFwrGb| rLn w3 1 34 Changeable Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus zbnrLn r3 2 GRUIFORMES Rallidae 35 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus l;ds'v'/f r2 1 CHARADRIIFORMES Burhinidae 36 Indian Thick-knee Burhinus indicus au/a§fO{ r3 1 Charadriidae 37 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius n3' /fhk'lqsf w2 1 38 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus cnsrGb| /fhk'lqsf w3 1 39 Yellow-wattled Lapwing # Vanellus malarbaricus bf]od x'l66\ofp r4 2 40 River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii vf]n] x'l66\ofp r3 1 41 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus x'l66\ofpF r2 1 Scolopacidae 42 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia l6dl6df w2 1 43 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus ?v ;'8\;'l8of w2 1 44 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos r~rn] ;'8;'l8of w2 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan92 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference Glareolidae 45 Small Pratincole Glareola lactea kfgLuf}+ynL r3 2 COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae 46 Common Pigeon Columba livia dn]jf r1 1 47 Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis tfd] 9's'/ r2 1 48 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis w';/ 9's'/ r4 8 49 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis s'n] 9's'/ r1 1 50 Red Collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica ;fgf]tfd] 9's'/ r1 2 51 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto s07] 9's'/ r1 1 52 Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica xf/Ln 9's'/ r2 1 53 Orange-breasted Green Pigeon Treron bicincta ;'Gtn]5ftL xn];f] r3 2 54 Yellow-footed Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera xn];f] r3 2 PSITTACIFORMES Psittacidae 55 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria s/f{ ;'uf r1 1 56 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri s07] ;'uf r1 1 57 Slaty-headed Parakeet Psittacula himalayana dbgf ;'uf r3 1 58 Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala 6'OF;L ;'uf r1 1 CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae 59 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius aLp s'lxof] r2 1 60 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus sfkmn kfSof] s2 2 61 Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculus canorus s'Ss' sf]OnL s3 2 62 Banded Bay Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii ws]{ v}/f] sf]OnL r3 2 63 Grey-bellied Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus km';|f] ;fgf] sf]OnL s3 1 64 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea sf]OnL r2 2 65 Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis xl/t dfnsf}jf r3 1 66 Sirkeer Malkoha Phaenicophaeus leschenaultii Gofp/L dfnsf}jf r2 2 67 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 9f]8] uf]s'n r1 1 STRIGIFORMES Strigidae 68 Oriental Scops Owl Otus sunia nf]vs]{ pn's r3 2 69 Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides 7"nf] 8'G8'n r3 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 93 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 70 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum 8'G8'n r1 1 71 Spotted Owlet Athene brama sf]rnufF8] nf6f] sf];]/f] r1 2 72 Brown Hawk Owl Ninox scutulata sfnk]rs r2 1 CAPRIMULGIFORMES Caprimulgidae 73 Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus nfdk'R5«] r}t]r/f r2 2 74 Savanah Nightjar Caprimulgus affi nis r'OofF r}t]r/f r2 1 APODIFORMES Apodidae 75 Himalayan Swiftlet Collocalia brevirostris rL+lrsf uf}+ynL m 1 76 Asian Palm-Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis yfsn uf}+ynL r3 2 77 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba atf;L uf}+ynL r4 1 78 House Swift Apus affi nis lkm/lkm/] 3/uf}+ynL r1 1 79 Crested Treeswift Hemiprocne coronata h'/] uf}+ynL r2 1 CORACIIFORMES Upupidae 80 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops kmfk|] r/f w3 1 Coraciidae 81 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 7]pjf r2 1 82 Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis nfnr'Rr] 7]pjf s3 2 Alcedinidae 83 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis ;fgf] df6Lsf]/] r2 1 84 Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis 7"nf] df6Lsf]/] r2 1 85 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis ;]tf]s07] df6Lsf]/] r1 1 86 Crested Kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris 7"nf] l5/la/] df6Lsf]/] r4 1 87 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis l5/la/] df6Lsf]/] r2 1 Meropidae 88 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni dw'dIfL eIfsf r3 1 89 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis d'/nLr/f r1 1 90 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus gLnk'R5«] d'/nLr/f s2 2 91 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti s6';6fps] d'/nLr/f s2 2 Bucerotidae 92 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris ;fgf] wg]z r2 1 93 Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris sfnf] wg]z r2 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan94 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 94 Great Hornbill # Buceros bicornis /fhwg]z r4 10 PICIFORMES Ramphastidae 95 Great Barbet Megalaima virens GofpnL r4 2 96 Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica s'dl5s]{ s'y's]{ r1 1 97 Lineated Barbet Megalaima lineata l5s]{ s'y's]{ r2 1 98 Blue-throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica s'y's]{ r3 1 99 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala ldnr/f r3 1 Picidae 100 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus yf]Kn] ;l;of r3 2 101 Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos nanus k'G6] sfi7s'6 r3 1 102 Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos canicapillus km';|f]6fps] sfi7s'6 r2 1 103 Brown-fronted Wood pecker Dendrocopos auriceps v}/f]6fps] sfi7s'6 r4 1 104 Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos macei sfi7s'6 r3 1 105 Yellow-crowned Wood pecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis kx]+nf]6fps] sfi7s'6 r3 1 106 Rufous Woodpecker Celeus brachyurus ;fgf] tfd] nfxfFr] r4 2 107 Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus ;'gh'/] sf7kmf]/ r3 1 108 Streak-throated Wood pecker Picus xanthopygaeus sTn] sf7kmf]/ r3 2 109 Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus sfnf]ub{g] sf7kmf]/ r2 1 110 Himalayan Goldenback Dinopium shorii tLgcf}+n] nfxfFr] r1 1 111 Lesser Goldenback Dinopium benghalense sfnf]9f8] nfxfFr] r2 2 112 Greater Goldenback Chrysocolaptes lucidus ub{gyf]Kn] nfxfFr] r2 1 113 Great SlatyWoodpecker * # Mulleripicus pulverulentus /fhnfxfFr] r4 1 PASSERIFORMES Pittidae 114 Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura ufhn] lk§f s3 2 Campephagidae 115 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina macei n6'zs lj/xLr/L r1 1 116 Black-winged Cuck ooshrike Coracina melaschistos sfnf] lj/xLr/L r2 1 117 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus ;fgf] /fgLr/L r1 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 95 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 118 Long-tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus nfdk'5«] r}t]r/f r2 1 119 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus /fgLr/L r1 1 120 Bar-winged Flycatcher shrike Hemipus picatus cf;sf]6] r/L r1 1 121 Large Woodshrike Tephrodornis gularis 7"nf] 6]Gyf r2 7 122 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus 6]Gyf r1 1 Artamidae 123 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus ley'g r2 1 Aegithinidae 124 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia ;';]nLr/L r1 1 Laniidae 125 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus v}/f] eb|fO{ w3 1 126 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus lrqs eb|fO{ r4 2 127 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach eb|fO{ r2 1 128 Grey-backed Shrike Lanius tephronotus lxdfnL eb|fO{ w2 1 Dicruridae 129 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus sfnf] lra] r1 1 130 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus WjfF;] lra] r2 1 131 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens ;]tf]k]6] lra] r1 1 132 Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus s]z/fh lra] r1 1 133 Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus eLd/fh lra] r1 1 Oriolidae 134 Indian Golden Oriole Oriolus (oriolus) kundoo ufhn] ;'gr/L s3 2 135 Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus sfnf]6fps] ;'gr/L r1 1 Rhipiduridae 136 Yellow-bellied Fantail Rhipidura hypoxantha kx]+nf] df?gLr/L r3 1 137 White-throated Fantail Rhipiduraalbicollis gSsn] df?gLr/L r2 2 138 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola s'dyf]Kn] df?gLr/L r3 1 Monarchidae 139 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea /fhr/L r2 1 140 Asian Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi :ju{r/L s2 2 Corvidae 141 Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha :ofnkf]y/L nfdk'R5«] r2 1 142 Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda sf]sn] r1 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan96 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 143 House Crow Corvus splendens 3/ sfu r1 1 144 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos sfnf] sfu r1 1 Paridae 145 Great Tit Parus major lrlrNsf]6] r1 1 146 Black-lored Tit Parus xanthogenys kf08' lrlrNsf]6] r3 1 Hirundinidae 147 Plain Martin Riparia paludicola leQ]uf}+ynL r1 1 148 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 3/ uf}+ynL r1 1 149 Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica u]?s6L uf}+ynL r2 1 Alaudidae 150 Rufous-winged Lark Mirafra assamica ef/4fh r2 1 151 Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix grisea rZd] ef/4fh r2 1 152 Sand Lark Calandrella raytal au/ ef/4fh r1 1 153 Crested Lark Galerida cristata h'/] ef/åfh r3 1 154 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula af|x\dLr6L r3 2 Pycnonotidae 155 Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus sfnfsNsL h'/]nL r2 1 156 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Zj]tjIf h'/]nL r1 2 157 Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys h'Nkm] h'/]nL r2 1 158 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer h'/]nL r1 1 159 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus afv|] h'/]nL r2 1 Cisticolidae 160 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis lkm/\lkm/] r2 1 161 Striated Prinia Prinia criniger ;'of 3fF;]lkm:6f] r2 2 162 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii km';|f]5ftL 3fF;] lkm:6f] r1 1 163 Jungle Prinia Priniasylvatica hËn 3fF;]lkm:6f] r3 1 164 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis 6'0f's\ 3fF;]lkm:6f] r3 1 165 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata emfFqmL 3fF;]lkm:6f] r2 1 Sylviidae 166 Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum 6\ofs6\ofs] r1 2 167 Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon df]6f]7'F8] 6\ofs6\ ofs] w2 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 97 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 168 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius kftl;pg] lkm:6f] r1 1 169 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita lrk\lrk] lkm:6f] w2 1 170 Tickell's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus affi nis kLtf]b/ lkm:6f] w3 1 171 Ashy-throated Warbler Phylloscopus maculipennis km';|f]s07] lkm:6f] w3 1 172 Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus xl/t lkm:6f] wm 1 173 Hume's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus humei r~rn] lkm:6f] w2 1 174 Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides hLjn lkm:6f] w1 1 175 Western Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis 7"nf] tfn'ws]{ lkm:6f] m 2 176 Grey-hooded Warbler Seicercus xanthoschistos t'd'nsf/L lkm:6f] w3 1 Timaliidae 177 White-crested Laugh ingthrush Garrulax leucolophus lxpFh'/] tf]/LufF8f r3 2 178 Puff-throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps yf]Kn] Eofs'/ r1 1 179 Striped Tit Babbler Macronous gularis kLtf]b/ lkm:6] Eofs'/ r1 1 180 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus aufn] Eofs'/ r1 1 181 White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca ;]tf]k]6] h'/]r/f r3 2 Zosteropidae 182 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus sf+sL/ r1 1 Sittidae 183 Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch Sitta castanea s6';] d§f r1 1 184 Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis dvdnL d§f r1 1 185 Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria d'/f/L k'tnLr/f w4 1 Sturnidae 186 Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnus malabaricus km';|f]6fps] ;f/f}+ r1 2 187 Brahminy Starling Sturnus pagodarum h'/] ;f/f}+ r3 2 188 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis 8fª\u|] ?kL r1 1 189 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus jg ?kL r2 1 Turdidae 190 Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus sNrf}+8] r2 1 191 Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma uf]a|] rfFr/ w3 1 192 Tickell's Thrush Turdus unicolor km';|] rfFr/ w4 2 193 Grey-winged Blackbird Turdus boulboul dbgf rfFr/ w4 1 Muscicapidae 194 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica w';/ ch'{gs m 2 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan98 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 195 Rufous-gorgetted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata ;]tf]l6s] ch'{gs w3 1 196 Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla nfns07] ch'{gs r2 1 197 Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra ;]tf]cfFvLef}+ ch'{gs r4 1 198 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina gLnt'yf] ch'{gs w2 1 199 Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae ;fgf] gLntef r4 1 200 Pale-chinned Flycatcher Cyornis poliogenys gf}gLs07] ch'{gs r3 1 201 Blue-throated Flycatcher Cyornis rubeculoides gLns07] ch'{gs m 2 202 Tickell's Blue Flaycatcher Cyornis tickelliae gLnf] ch'{gs r4 1 203 Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis r~rn] ch'{gs w3 1 204 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica e'ldr/ gLns07 w3 2 205 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis wf]lagL r/f r1 1 206 White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus Zofdf r2 1 207 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata b]jL Zofdf r1 1 208 BlackRedstart Phoenicurus ochruros WofKrL v~h/L w2 1 209 White-capped Water Redstart Chaimarrornis leucocephalus ;]tf]6fps] hnv~h/L r3 1 210 Plumbeous Water Redstart Rhyacornis fuliginosus gLnfDa/ hnv~h/L r3 1 211 Black-backed Forktail Enicurus immaculatus sfnf]9f8] vf]n]wf]lagL r4 1 212 Hodgson's Bushchat * # Saxicola insignis ;]tf]s07] lwK;L w5 1 213 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquata em]sem]s em\ofK;L r2 1 214 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata sfn] em\ofK;L r2 1 215 Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferrea lxdfnL em\ofK;L r3 1 Irenidae 216 Golden-fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons s[i0fs07] xl/tr/L r3 1 Dicaeidae 217 Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile df]6f]7'F8] k'iksf]lsn r3 1 218 Pale-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorynchos /ftf]7'F8] k'iksf]lsn r2 1 219 Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum concolor ;d?k k'iksf]lsn r2 2 Nectariniidae 220 Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica sfnf]a'Ë]]r/f r2 1 221 Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja l;k/fhf a'Ë]]r/f r3 1 Passeridae 222 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 3/ eFu]/f r1 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 99 S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status Reference 223 Chestnut-shouldered Petronia Petronia xanthocollis kLts07] eFu]/f r1 1 Ploceidae 224 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus aof tf]kr/f r2 1 Estrildidae 225 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata sf]6]/f] d'lgofF r2 1 Motacillidae 226 White Wagtail Motacilla alba ;]tf] l6sl6s] r1 1 227 White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis vf]n] l6sl6s] r2 1 228 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava kx]nf]] l6sl6s] m 2 229 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea km';|f] l6sl6s] w3 1 230 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus cfnL r'OofF r1 1 231 Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis nfdf]7'F8] r'OofF w3 1 232 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis aufn] r'OofF w3 1 233 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni ?v r'OofF w1 1 234 Rosy Pipit Anthus roseatus u'nfkmLs07] r'OofF w2 2 Emberizidae 235 Crested Bunting Melophus lathami h'/] au]8L w3 1 236 Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos ;Nn] au]8L w5 1 Source: Birds of BaNP (2016) Key to the codes * Globally Threatened # Nationally Threatened r Resident s Summer migrant w Winter migrant m Passage migrant v Vagrant 1 Common 2 Fairly common 3 Uncommon 4 Rare 5 Very rare Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan100 H er pe to f au na o f B aN P A nn ex I V S. N . O rd er F am ily Sc ie nt ifi c na m e C om m on n am e L oc al n am e C on se rv at io n st at us R em ar ks N P W C A ct C IT E S IU C N R ed da ta A R ep ti le s 1 Sa ur ia A ga m id a A ga m a tu be rc ul a Tu be rc ul at e ag am a A ga m a 2 C or dy lid ae C ol ot es v er si co lo r G ar de n liz ar d C hh ep ar o 3 Se rp en te s Py th on id ae P yt ho n m ol ur us m ol ur us Py th on A jin ga r P I 4 C ol ub ri da e B oi ga tr ig on at a C om m on c at s na ke Sa rp a 5 D en dr el op hi s tr is tis Tr ee s na ke Sa rp a 6 E nh yd ri s st eb ol di St eb ol d’ s sm oo th w at er sn ak e Pa ni s ar pa 7 Ly co do n au lic us C om m on w ol f sn ak e B w as e s ar pa 8 Ly co do n ja ra Ja ra w ol f sn ak e B w as e sa rp a 9 P ty as m uc os a O ri en ta l r at s na ke D ha am an II 10 N en oc hr op hi s pi sc at or C he eq ue rr ed k ee lb ac k A an dh o sa rp a 11 C ro co dy lia C ro co dy lid ae C ro co dy lu s pa lu st ri s M ug ge r c ro co di le M ug ge r G oh i I 12 Se rp en te s E la pi da e B un ga ru s ca cr at eu s C om m on k ra it K ar et 13 N aj a na ja C ob ra G om an II 14 Te st ud in es G eo em yd ia da e P an gs hu ra s m ith ii sm ith ii (K ac hu ga so ni th i) B ro w n ro of ed tu rt le K ha ir o th ot ar i II Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 101 S. N . O rd er F am ily Sc ie nt ifi c na m e C om m on n am e L oc al n am e C on se rv at io n st at us R em ar ks N P W C A ct C IT E S IU C N R ed da ta 15 Sa ur ia G ek ko ni da e H em id ac ty lu s br ok ii B ro ok ’s h ou se ge ek M au su li 16 Sa ur ia Sc in ci da e M ab uy a ca ri na ta Sk in k B ha le m ug ro 17 M ab uy a m ac ul ar ia Sk in k B ha le m ug ro 18 R io pa p un ct at a Sk in k B ha le m ug ro 19 Sc in ce lia la da ce ns e Sk in k B ha le m ug ro 20 Se rp en te s Ty ph lo pi da e R am ph ot yp hl op s br am in us G ra hm in y bl in ds na ke A nd ho s ar pa 21 Ty ph lo ps d ia rd ii D ia rd ’s b lin d sn ak e A nd ho s ar pa 22 V ip er id ae Vi pe ra r us se lli R us se l’s v ip er V ip er 23 Sa ur ia V ar an id ae Va ra nu s fl a ve c en s G ol de n M on ito r L iz ar d Su n G oh or o P I 24 Va ra nu s fl a ve c en s M on ito r L iz ar d G oh or o I B A m ph ib ia ns 1 A nu ra B uf on id ae B uf o m el an us tic tu s C om m on T oa d K ha sr e bh ya gu to 2 B uf o m ic ro ty m pa nu m So ut he rn h ill to ad Pa ha di k ha sr e bh ya gu to 3 B uf o st om at ic us M ar bl ed to ad C hh ir bi re kh as re b hy ag ut o 4 M ic ro hy lid ae M ic ro hy lia o rn at e O ra ng e na rr ow m ou th ed fr og B hy ag ut o 5 D ic ro gl os si da e R an a cy an op hy le ct is St re am fr og Pa ah a 6 R an a lim no ch ar is B hy ag ut o 7 R an a sy ha dr en is B hy ag ut o 8 H op lo ba tra ch us ti ge rin us (R an a tig rin a) B ul l f ro g B hy ag ut o 9 R ha co pb or id ae Po ly pe da te s m ac ul at es C hu ri am fr og B hy ag ut o Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan102 Pulished gazette and boundary Annex-V Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 103 The boundary of the park and its BZ according to the Gazette is: East From the east west highway upto the source of shivakhola till the ridge of churia of Banke and Dang district in the north West From the eastern boundary of Bardia National Park and Chisapani of Kohalpur-Surkhet road upto Deurali danda in the north. North The ridge of churia form the source of shiva khola and on the west the boundary of ridge of the hills that separate Dang, Salyan, Banke, Bardia upto the Deurali danda of Nepalgunj-Surkhet road on the north. South The boundary of Bardia National Park in the east which runs through east south corner of chisapani pillar of Nepalgunj-Surkhet road running through Chyamagaon, Khadbar, Mahadevpuri, Balapur, Obhari village and northern boundary of handed over Community Forests, fi re line of eastern side of Post of district forest offi ce, Gothari, Gavar, Bairiya, Chappargaudi village, outer boundary of Community Forests and Shivakhola of east-west highway. Boundary of BZ Eastern side of Banke district East: Shiva khola West: Khairee khola North: Boundary of fi reline of southern part of BaNP South: Keeping confl uence of Rapti and Shiva Khola inside running upto the confl uence of Khairee khola and Rapti khola. Western side of Banke district East: Fireline of BaNP near Obhari village and southern highway where it meets east-west highway West: Eastern boundary of BZ of Bardiya National Park (BNP) North: Southern Fireline of BaNP South: East-West highway of Obhari to Kohalpur, From Kohalpur to eastern boundary of BNP through Ratna Highway Northern area of Dang and Salyan East: Confl uence of Malai stream and Babai river which originates from the ridge of churia hill and watershed of Malai stream West: Eastern boundary of BZ of BNP North: Babai river South: northern boundary of BaNP Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan104 A ct iv it ie s of B aN P w it h B ud ge t A nn ex V I S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 1 P ar k pr ot ec ti on 1. 1 C on st ru ct 1 2 bu ild in gs (4 n os . t o Pa rk a nd 8 n os . t o se cu ri ty u ni ts ) at H at tid am ar S al ya n, A m ba sa , K yu re ni , M ah ad ev a an d B al ap ur to co ve r g ap a re as N o. 12 35 00 00 0 10 50 00 00 11 02 50 00 11 55 00 00 12 07 50 00 45 15 00 00 1. 2 C on st ru ct io n of 2 b ui ld in gs fo r H at tis ar s ta ff s N o. 2 70 00 00 0 70 00 00 0 73 50 00 0 14 35 00 00 1. 3 C on st ru ct io n of fo od g ra in s to re ho us e fo r e le ph an t N o. 3 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 47 25 00 0 1. 4 C on st ru ct 4 s he d ho us es fo r el ep ha nt s N o. 4 40 00 00 80 00 00 84 00 00 16 40 00 0 1. 5 R ep ai r a nd m ai nt en an ce o f P ar k an d se cu ri ty p os t b ui ld in gs in cl ud in g ac co m m od at io n fa ci lit ie s, po w er s up pl ie s N o. 25 25 00 00 12 50 00 0 13 12 50 0 13 75 00 0 14 37 50 0 15 00 00 0 68 75 00 0 1. 6 R ep ai r a nd m ai nt en an ce o f b ui ld in g re qu ir ed in e le ph an t s ta bl e, N o. 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 1. 7 B or in g fo r D ri nk in g w at er (H ea d of fi c e, K us um , P ra ga tin ag ar , Su ta iy a an d 3 pl ac es o f h at tis ar ) Pl ac e 7 70 00 00 10 00 00 0 10 50 00 0 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 37 75 00 0 1. 8 C on st ru ct io n fo r d ri nk in g w at er (K yu re ni , G ui ya ba ri , M al ai ja lja la ) Pl ac e 5 35 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 78 75 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 105 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 1. 9 In st al l C C c am er as in th e hi gh w ay fr om O bh ar i t o K us um , N o. 25 35 00 0 43 75 00 43 75 00 87 50 00 1. 10 In st al la tio n of C C c am er a fo r m on ito ri ng a ni m al s in th e ca na l co ns tr uc te d by S ik ta P ro je ct N o. 10 50 00 0 28 75 00 30 00 00 58 75 00 1. 11 In st al l s py c am er a at s tr at eg ic lo ca tio n N o. 10 35 00 0 35 00 0 35 00 0 1. 12 M ai nt en an ce o f C C c am er as in th e hi gh w ay N o. 15 50 00 25 00 0 25 00 0 25 00 0 25 00 0 25 00 0 12 50 00 1. 13 L ia se w ith T el ec om m un ic at io n C om pa ny to e st ab lis h 2 co m m un ic at io n to w er fo r e ff ec tiv e co m m un ic at io n N o. 2 0 1. 14 E st ab lis h ra di o co m m un ic at io n th ro ug ho ut th e pa rk , N o. 15 50 00 0 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 1. 15 R ep ai r a nd m ai nt en an ce o f r ad io co m m un ic at io n, N o. 15 10 00 0 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 1. 16 C on st ru ct 1 w ild lif e cr os si ng br id ge , 1 o ve rp as s or fl y ov er a nd 2 un de rp as s at s tr at eg ic lo ca tio ns , in c oo rd in at io n w ith D ep ar tm en t of R oa d (D oR ), w ith in th e 25 km h ig hw ay to fa ci lit at e w ild lif e m ov em en t 1. 17 C on st ru ct 5 0 km o f a ll w ea th er ro ad n et w or ks in si de th e pa rk , K m . 50 20 00 00 20 00 00 0 21 00 00 0 22 00 00 0 23 00 00 0 24 00 00 0 11 00 00 00 1. 18 U pg ra de e xi st in g 30 K m o f a ll w ea th er w at er s hi el d ro ad K m . 30 30 00 00 18 00 00 0 18 90 00 0 19 80 00 0 20 70 00 0 21 60 00 0 99 00 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan106 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 1. 19 U pg ra de th e ex is tin g 50 k m o f a ll w ea th er ro ad n et w or ks in si de p ar k K m 50 15 00 00 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 17 25 00 0 18 00 00 0 82 50 00 0 1. 20 M ai nt en an ce o f 1 25 k m o f fi r e lin e th ro ug ho ut th e ye ar K m 12 5 50 00 0 12 50 00 0 13 12 50 0 13 75 00 0 14 37 50 0 15 00 00 0 68 75 00 0 1. 21 C on st ru ct 1 0 R C C w at ch to w er s in se ns iti ve a re as N o. 10 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 21 00 00 0 22 00 00 0 23 00 00 0 24 00 00 0 11 00 00 00 1. 22 R ep ai r a nd m ai nt ai n ex is tin g 20 w at ch to w er s, N o. 20 20 00 00 80 00 00 84 00 00 88 00 00 92 00 00 96 00 00 44 00 00 0 1. 23 Pr oc ur e eq ui pm en t r eq ui re d fo r el ep ha nt ri di ng o n a ye ar ly b as is Ti m es 2 60 00 00 60 00 00 66 00 00 12 60 00 0 1. 24 Pr ov id e ho ud dh a, g ad di , a nd o th er m at er ia ls fo r e le ph an ts Ti m es 2 50 00 00 52 50 00 57 50 00 11 00 00 0 1. 25 Pr ov id e fo od fo r a ll th e el ep ha nt s as p er th e re qu ir ed q uo ta fo r e ac h el ep ha nt Y ea rs 5 25 00 00 0 25 00 00 0 26 25 00 0 27 50 00 0 28 75 00 0 30 00 00 0 13 75 00 00 1. 26 Sw ee p ar ea fr om th e re sp ec tiv e po st s an d lo ca te le g tr ap s of ir on s et us ed to tr ap w ild lif e es pe ci al ly ti ge r Ti m es 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 1. 27 C am pi ng o pe ra tio n du ri ng ra in y se as on w he n m os t o f t he p ar k’ s ar ea be co m es in ac ce ss ib le b y ve hi cl e Ti m es 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 1. 28 C on tin ue re al ti m e SM A R T pa tr ol lin g ch an gi ng th e tim e an d ro ut e on ra nd om b as is Ti m es 5 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 1. 29 C on du ct c am pi ng a nd s w ee pi ng op er at io n sh or t/m ed iu m /lo ng ra ng e pa tr ol Ti m es 30 75 00 0 45 00 00 47 25 00 49 50 00 51 75 00 54 00 00 24 75 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 107 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 1. 30 Su pp or t C om m un ity B as ed A nt i po ac hi ng U ni t ( C hi sa pa ni , K oh al pu r, B ha ra iy a, D ha ke ri , M ah ad ev a S ha m sh er gu nj , S ik ta , K us um , R aj ko t, N au w as ta , G hu iy ab ar i) ye ar s 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 1. 31 D ev el op a n et w or k of C B A PU a nd m ob ili ze Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 1. 32 E st ab lis h lo ca l i nf or m an ts a ro un d se ns iti ve a re as a nd p ro cu re in fo rm at io n Y ea rs 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 1. 33 Pr oc ur e 20 n ig ht v is io n bi no cu la rs N o. 20 35 00 0 14 00 00 14 70 00 15 40 00 16 10 00 60 20 00 1. 34 Pr oc ur e 1 JC V , h ea vy e qu ip m en t ve hi cl e, to c on st ru ct fi re li ne in cl ud in g re pa ir a nd m ai nt en an ce N o. 1 75 00 00 0 37 50 00 0 39 37 50 0 76 87 50 0 1. 35 Pr oc ur e 2 fo ur w he el v eh ic le fo r se ct or s fo r p at ro lli ng a nd p ar k m an ag em en t. N o. 2 45 00 00 0 51 75 00 0 54 00 00 0 10 57 50 00 1. 36 Pr oc ur e cy cl es N o. 10 0 80 00 16 00 00 16 80 00 17 60 00 18 40 00 19 20 00 88 00 00 1. 37 Pr oc ur e m ot or bi ke s N o. 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 1. 38 M ai nt en an ce o f v eh ic le , m ot or bi ke s, c yc le s Y ea rs 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 1. 39 Fu el fo r v eh ic le L itr e 10 00 0 10 0 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 Su b To ta l 41 46 50 00 43 83 27 50 32 75 30 00 37 11 82 50 25 36 30 00 18 05 32 00 0 2 H ab it at m an ag em en t 2. 1 C ar ry o ut in ve nt or y of a ll th e gr as sl an ds r ec or di ng o f X Y lo ca tio n N o. 2 50 00 00 10 50 00 0 57 50 00 16 25 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan108 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 2. 2 St ud y di st ri bu tio n an d ab un da nc e of p al at ab le g ra ss s pe ci es , re co rd in g X Y c oo rd in at e an d co nd uc t r eg ul ar m on ito ri ng o f t he se sp ec ie s N o. 3 30 00 00 30 00 00 33 00 00 36 00 00 99 00 00 2. 3 M an ag e gr as sl an d by c le ar in g 10 00 he ct ar es o f w oo dy s pe ci es H a. 10 00 40 00 0 48 00 00 0 50 40 00 0 52 80 00 0 55 20 00 0 57 60 00 0 26 40 00 00 2. 4 C ar ry o ut re gu la r u pr oo tin g, dr yi ng a nd b ur ni ng o f 1 50 0 ha o f gr as sl an d to p ro du ce n ew fl us h of pa la ta bl e an d nu tr iti ou s gr as se s an d to re du ce fo re st fi re H a. 10 00 15 00 0 30 00 00 0 31 50 00 0 33 00 00 0 34 50 00 0 36 00 00 0 16 50 00 00 2. 5 O rg an iz e kh ar k ha da i f or s ho rt pe ri od o f t im e, if re qu ir ed , a s gr as sl an d m an ag em en t i nt er ve nt io n Ti m es 5 75 00 00 75 00 00 78 75 00 82 50 00 86 25 00 90 00 00 41 25 00 0 2. 6 C re at e gr as sl an d of 5 0 m o n th e bo th s id es o f fi r e lin e by c le an in g, re m ov in g sh ru bs a nd u pr oo tin g tr ee s K m 10 0 25 00 0 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 27 50 00 0 2. 7 C le an th e sh ru b up to 1 0 m o n th e bo th s id es o f 5 0 km h ig hw ay to m in im iz e ri sk s of ro ad a cc id en ts an d ki lls K m 50 25 00 0 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 2. 8 U nd er ta ke in ve nt or y of A lie n In va si ve S pe ci es a nd W ee ds re co rd in g X Y c oo rd in at es b ot h in la nd a nd w at er Ti m es 2 50 00 00 50 00 00 60 00 00 11 00 00 0 2. 9 R em ov al a nd c on tr ol o f i nv as iv e sp ec ie s in a n ar ea o f 2 50 h ec ta re in fi v e ye ar s, H a. 25 0 10 00 00 50 00 00 0 52 50 00 0 55 00 00 0 57 50 00 0 60 00 00 0 27 50 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 109 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 2. 10 U nd er ta ke in ve nt or y of w et la nd s an d w at er h ol ds re co rd in g X Y co or di na te s Ti m es 2 50 00 00 50 00 00 60 00 00 11 00 00 0 2. 11 C le an a nd re m ov e w ee ds in w et la nd s Ti m es 5 75 00 00 75 00 00 78 75 00 82 50 00 86 25 00 90 00 00 41 25 00 0 2. 12 C on st ru ct 2 5 w at er h ol es (e ar th en or R C C ) a t w at er d efi c ie nt a re as N o. 25 10 00 00 0 50 00 00 0 52 50 00 0 55 00 00 0 57 50 00 0 60 00 00 0 27 50 00 00 2. 13 M ai nt en ac ne o f w at er ho le s N o. 15 15 00 00 75 00 00 78 75 00 82 50 00 86 25 00 90 00 00 41 25 00 0 2. 14 In st al l 1 0 so la r w at er p um p to re ch ar ge w at er h ol ds N o. 10 60 00 00 60 00 00 63 00 00 66 00 00 69 00 00 72 00 00 33 00 00 0 2. 15 M ai nt en an ce a nd re pa ir o f p um p N o. 5 10 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 2. 16 A ss es s w at er q ua lit y in re gu la r in te rv al s, Y ea rs 5 40 00 0 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 Su b To ta l 23 80 00 00 22 52 25 00 23 92 50 00 25 24 25 00 27 30 00 00 12 27 90 00 0 3 Sp ec ie s co ns er va ti on 3. 1 U pd at e Fl or a an d Fa un a of B aN P Ti m es 1 30 00 00 34 50 00 34 50 00 3. 2 R es to re , m ai nt ai n an d m an ag e de gr ad ed fo re st s, v eg et at io n in th e, bi ol og ic al c or ri do rs (B Z /n at io na l fo re st s an d C Fs o ut si de P as ) b y ar tifi c ia l o r n at ur al re ge ne ra tio n fo r sa fe d is pe rs al o f t ig er s Y ea rs 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 27 50 00 0 3. 3 R es to re , m ai nt ai n an d m an ag e de gr ad ed w et la nd s an d w at er ho ld s in th e bi ol og ic al c or ri do rs b y up ro ot in g an d cl ea ni ng o f w ee ds to m ai nt ai n a he al th y po pu la tio n of tig er a nd p re y sp ec ie s Y ea rs 5 45 00 00 45 00 00 47 25 00 49 50 00 51 75 00 54 00 00 24 75 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan110 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 3. 4 E va cu at e an d re st or e en cr oa ch m en ts in b io lo gi ca l co rr id or s w ith in a nd o ut si de o f B Z Y ea rs 5 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 17 25 00 0 18 00 00 0 82 50 00 0 3. 5 Pr oc ur e pr iv at e la nd o f b io lo gi ca l co rr id or to a llo w fr ee a nd s av e m ov em en t f or w ild lif e B ig ha 10 0 90 00 0 18 00 00 0 18 90 00 0 19 80 00 0 20 70 00 0 21 60 00 0 99 00 00 0 3. 6 U nd er ta ke ti ge r c ou nt in e ve ry fi ve ye ar s us in g ca m er a tr ap N o. 1 30 00 00 34 50 00 34 50 00 3. 7 M an ag e hu m an t ig er c on fl i ct a nd ad dr es s is su es o f ‘ m an e at er ’ t ig er im m ed ia te ly w he n in fo rm ed Y ea rs 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 3. 8 Pr ep ar e la nd u se p la ns fo r c ri tic al ha bi ta ts o f t ig er s ou ts id e PA ’s a nd m an ag e th em o n th e ba si s of la nd us e pl an s Ti m es 1 30 00 00 33 00 00 33 00 00 3. 9 U nd er ta ke s tu dy re ga rd in g va ri ou s as pe ct s of fo ur h or ne d an te lo pe N o. 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 3. 10 Pr ep ar e fo ur h or ne d an te lo pe co ns er va tio n ac tio n pl an ; N o. 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 3. 11 D is se m in at e im po rt an ce o f f ou r ho rn ed a nt el op e co ns er va tio n in th e co m m un ity Y ea rs 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 3. 12 C ar ry o ut s pa tia l d is tr ib ut io n an d ab un da nc e st ud y of fo ur h or ne d an te lo pe ; Ti m es 2 40 00 00 40 00 00 48 00 00 88 00 00 3. 13 Pr ov id e su pp or t t o pr ob le m a ni m al , in ju re d w ild lif e an d or ph an w ild an im al m an ag em en t p ra ct ic es th at in cl ud in g pr ov is io n of fo od a nd tr ea tm en t Y ea rs 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 111 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 3. 14 Tr an sl oc at io n of B la ck bu ck in B aN P Ti m es 1 75 00 00 86 25 00 86 25 00 3. 15 R el ea se g ha ri al in R ap ti ri ve r Ti m es 1 30 00 00 36 00 00 36 00 00 3. 16 In tr od uc e m as hi r fi s h, to rt or in R ap ti an d B ab ai ri ve r i n co op er at io n w ith R am pu r C am pu s Ti m es 3 25 00 00 25 00 00 27 50 00 30 00 00 82 50 00 3. 17 C on st ru ct io n of w ild lif e gu id in g fe nc e in th e ca na l c on st ru ct ed b y Si kt a Pr oj ec t K m 10 60 00 00 20 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 60 00 00 0 3. 18 C on st ru ct io n of a pp ro pr ia te s ta ir s or ra m ps in re gu la r p la ce s of S ik ta Ir ri ga tio n C an al N o. 10 30 00 0 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 30 00 00 3. 19 V ac ci na te d om es tic a ni m al in co lla bo ra tio n w ith L iv es to ck Se rv ic e O ffi c e to re du ce co m m un ic ab le d is ea se s N o. 75 0 25 0 62 50 0 65 62 5 68 75 0 71 87 5 75 00 0 34 37 50 3. 20 C ol la bo ra te w ith L iv es to ck S er vi ce O ffi c e to re pl ac in g un pr od uc tiv e liv es to ck Ti m es 5 40 00 00 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 46 00 00 48 00 00 22 00 00 0 3. 21 Pr om ot e st al l f ee di ng to re du ce gr az in g pr es su re Ti m es 2 30 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 70 50 00 3. 22 Pr om ot e fo dd er tr ee p la nt at io n in pr iv at e la nd N o. 25 00 50 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 3. 23 M on ito ri ng o f v eh ic le b y op er at in g tim e ca rd s ys te m Y ea rs 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 3. 24 U se o f r ad ar g un to c he ck s pe ed Y ea rs 5 25 00 0 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 3. 25 R an do m tr av el lin g in th e bu s to ch ec k th e sp ee d Ti m es 12 0 20 0 48 00 50 40 52 80 55 20 57 60 26 40 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan112 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 3. 26 E re ct s ig na ge s of w ar ni ng to th e pa ss er sb y in th e m aj or ri gh ts o f w ay s, re so ur ce c ol le ct io n si te s an d sh ri ne s N o. 25 50 00 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 3. 27 E re ct h oa rd in g bo ar ds in th e hi gh w ay s to re du ce a ni m al h it N o. 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 75 00 0 3. 28 U pd at e di gi ta l d at ab as e m ap s us in g la te st to po s he et s, s at el lit e im ag er ie s an d ae ri al p ho to gr ap hs fo r u pd at in g tig er in fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 00 55 00 00 55 00 00 3. 29 Pr oc ur e 10 b ir d w at ch in g bi no cu la rs N o. 10 30 00 0 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 3. 30 Pr oc ur e 3 di gi ta l c am er as to ta ke pi ct ur e of w ild lfi e an d bi rd s N o. 10 50 00 0 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 3. 31 Pr oc ur e 10 G PS N o. 10 30 00 0 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 Su b To ta l 67 37 30 0 61 02 91 5 93 18 53 0 10 68 16 45 10 21 47 60 43 05 51 50 4 F ir e m an ag em en t 4. 1 Pr ep ar e fi r e fi g ht in g st ra te gi c an d m an ag em en t p la n an d im pl em en t i t N o. 1 50 00 00 57 50 00 57 50 00 4. 2 C le ar fi r e lin e or u nd er ta ke c on tr ol bu rn in g in t he fi r e lin es b ef or e th e on se t o f fi r e se as on H a. 10 0 20 00 0 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 46 00 00 48 00 00 22 00 00 0 4. 3 Id en tif y fi r e pr on e ar ea s by u si ng sa te lli te i m ag er y an al ys is o r w eb ba se d fi r e m ap pe r Ti m es 1 75 00 00 78 75 00 78 75 00 4. 4 In iti at e ea rl y bu rn in g of g ra ss la nd s on t he b as is o f bu rn in g re gi m e an d cr ea te fi re br ea ks a nn ua lly H a. 10 0 10 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 113 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 4. 5 Pr ov id e fi r efi g ht in g eq ui pm en t to Pa rk p os t a nd B Z C Fs Ti m es 2 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 10 00 00 4. 6 C ar ry o ut fi r e pr ev en tio n ed uc at io n an d aw ar en es s ac tiv iti es Ti m es 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 4. 7 E st ab lis h fi r e oc cu rr en ce r ep or tin g da ta ba se s Ti m es 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 4. 8 E st ab lis h fo re st fi r e ea rl y w ar ni ng sy st em s N o. 2 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 Su b To ta l 75 00 00 16 25 00 0 87 50 00 24 37 50 0 19 00 00 0 75 87 50 0 5 W ild lif e he al th m an ag em en t 5. 1 E st ab lis h w ild lif e or ph an ag e an d re sc ue c en tr e in a t l ea st tw o se ct or s fo r e m er ge nc y tr ea tm en t N o. 2 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 5. 2 C ar ry o ut re gu la r c he ck up o f el ep ha nt a t e le ph an t s ta bl e an d tr ea t th em Ti m es 36 10 00 0 72 00 0 75 60 0 79 20 0 82 80 0 86 40 0 39 60 00 5. 3 Tr ea t i nj ur ed a ni m al u po n ar ri va l a t or ph an ag e an d re sc ue c en tr e, Ti m es 5 25 00 0 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 5. 4 U nd er ta ke re se ar ch a nd de ve lo pm en t w or ks to w ar ds m an ag em en t o f w ild lif e he al th Ti m es 5 35 00 00 35 00 00 36 75 00 38 50 00 40 25 00 42 00 00 19 25 00 0 5. 5 C oo rd in at e L iv es to ck S er vi ce O ffi c e (L SO ) a nd c on se rv at io n pa rt ne rs to p ro vi de v ac ci ne to liv es to ck a ga in st p ot en tia l d is ea se s th at c an b e tr an sf er re d to w ild lif e Ti m es 5 27 50 00 27 50 00 28 87 50 30 25 00 31 62 50 33 00 00 15 12 50 0 5. 6 C oo rd in at e w ith li ve st oc k of fi c e to un de rt ak e po st m or te m o f d ec ea se d en da ng er ed w ild a ni m al s Ti m es 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan114 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 5. 7 Su pp or t t o es ta bl is h a co m m un ity ba se d ve te ri na ry c en te r w ith m at er ia ls re qu ir ed in m ed ic al em er ge nc ie s, N o. 1 50 00 00 57 50 00 57 50 00 5. 8 B ui ld c ap ac ity o f f ro nt lin e st af f t o re co gn iz e, re co rd a nd re po rt d is ea se or p oo r h ea lth c on di tio n of a ni m al s or p la nt s, N o. 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 5. 9 R ep or t a nd d oc um en t m or ta lit y of w ild a ni m al s im m ed ia te ly a ft er it co m es to n ot ic e of a ny s ta ff a s pa rt of d is ea se s ur ve ill an ce s tr at eg y, N o. 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 Su b To ta l 11 72 00 0 12 30 60 0 12 89 20 0 29 22 80 0 24 06 40 0 90 21 00 0 6 E nc ro ac hm en t m an ag em en t 6. 1 M ap pi ng o f e nc ro ac he d ar ea s an d po te nt ia l h ot sp ot s w he re it c an ex pa nd Ti m es 5 32 50 00 32 50 00 34 12 50 35 75 00 37 37 50 39 00 00 17 87 50 0 6. 2 Is su e no tic e to e va cu at e th e en cr oa ch ed a re a, Ti m es 5 12 50 00 12 50 00 13 12 50 13 75 00 14 37 50 15 00 00 68 75 00 6. 3 C oo rd in at e w ith L oc al G ov er nm en t A ut ho ri tie s to re so lv e th e en cr oa ch m en t p ro bl em Ti m es 5 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 6. 4 Fo rm c om m itt ee to a dd re ss th e is su es o f i lle ga l s et tle rs a s un re gi st er ed la nd a nd e nc ro ac he rs , N o. 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 6. 5 R el oc at e th e le ga l a nd il le ga l se ttl er s re si di ng in D an g an d Sa ly an if th ey a re w ill in g to m ov e ou ts id e of th e PA b y pr ov id in g sk ill ba se d tr ai ni ng a nd o th er li ve lih oo d op tio ns H H 15 0 30 00 0 90 00 00 94 50 00 99 00 00 10 35 00 0 10 80 00 0 49 50 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 115 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 6. 6 Pr ov id e co m pe ns at io n fo r t he re gi st er ed la nd H H 25 0 15 00 00 75 00 00 0 78 75 00 0 82 50 00 0 86 25 00 0 90 00 00 0 41 25 00 00 6. 7 Su pp or t t o im pr ov e th e liv el ih oo d of la nd le ss , fl o od v ic tim p eo pl e w ho h av e en cr oa ch ed th e pa rk a re a fo r v ar io us re as on s an d ev ac ua te th em in w in w in s itu at io n. H H 10 0 30 00 0 60 00 00 63 00 00 66 00 00 69 00 00 72 00 00 33 00 00 0 6. 8 D em ar ca te b ou nd ar y of P ar k an d Se ttl em en t a re a to d is co ur ag e en cr oa ch m en t; Ti m es 1 85 00 00 85 00 00 85 00 00 6. 9 Fe nc in g, p la nt at io n an d re st or at io n of e va cu at ed a nd v ul ne ra bl e ar ea s Y ea r 5 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 10 50 00 0 11 00 00 0 11 50 00 0 12 00 00 0 55 00 00 0 Su b To ta l 11 42 50 00 11 05 12 50 11 57 75 00 12 10 37 50 12 63 00 00 58 78 75 00 7 R es ea rc h, m on it or in g an d ca pa ci ty b ui dl in g 7. 1 St ud y of e ff ec t o f i nv as iv e sp ec ie s to w ild lif e ha bi ta t Ti m es 1 30 00 00 34 50 00 34 50 00 7. 2 C ol la bo ra te w ith re se ar ch er s an d ac ad em ic ia n to c on tr ol in va si ve al ie n sp ec ie s Ti m es 2 45 00 00 47 25 00 51 75 00 99 00 00 7. 3 M ap pi ng o f c ri tic al w ild lif e ha bi ta ts an d ar ea s of h ig h co ns er va tio n si gn ifi ca nc e Ti m es 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 7. 4 Pr ep ar e la nd u se p la ns fo r c ri tic al ha bi ta ts o f t ig er s ou ts id e PA ’s a nd m an ag e th em Ti m es 1 50 00 00 57 50 00 57 50 00 7. 5 U nd er ta ke s tu dy to a ss es s ha bi ta t co nd iti on o f K am di c or ri do r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 30 00 00 34 50 00 64 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan116 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 7. 6 C om pi le a ll av ai la bl e sc ie nt ifi c in fo rm at io n on ti ge rs a nd p re y sp ec ie s fo cu si ng e co lo gi ca l, m et ho do lo gi ca l a nd h um an im pa ct ed to pi cs , Ti m es 5 20 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 7. 7 St ud y of p re y ba se s pe ci es Ti m es 3 30 00 00 30 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 10 05 00 0 7. 8 U pd at e di gi ta l d at ab as e m ap s us in g la te st to po s he et s, s at el lit e im ag er ie s an d ae ri al p ho to gr ap hs fo r u pd at in g tig er in fo rm at io n Ti m es 2 50 00 00 52 50 00 60 00 00 11 25 00 0 7. 9 U nd er ta ke s tu dy re ga rd in g va ri ou s as pe ct s of fo ur h or ne d an te lo pe , Ti m es 3 15 00 00 15 00 00 16 50 00 18 00 00 49 50 00 7. 10 C ar ry o ut s tu dy o n sp at ia l di st ri bu tio n an d ab un da nc e of fo ur ho rn ed a nt el op e, h ya en a an d go ld en m on ito r l iz ar d Ti m es 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 7. 11 U nd er ta ke in te ns iv e re se ar ch o n tr an s bo un da ry m ov em en t o f t ig er s an d th e us e of c or ri do rs Ti m es 2 35 00 00 35 00 00 42 00 00 77 00 00 7. 12 U nd er ta ke h ab ita t m on ito ri ng , ch ec k lis t o f f oo d pl an ts , p hy si ca l an d ph en ol og ic al c ha ng es in ve ge ta tio n, q ua nt ity a nd q ua lit y of di sc ha rg es in s tr ea m s an d bi ot ic di st ur ba nc e, Ti m es 5 17 50 00 17 50 00 18 37 50 19 25 00 20 12 50 21 00 00 96 25 00 7. 13 C on du ct s tu dy to w ar ds e ff ec t of h ab ita t f ra gm en ta tio n an d de gr ad at io n on w ild lif e su rv iv al , Ti m es 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 36 00 00 67 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 117 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 7. 14 St ud y ec ol og ic al p ro ce ss es th at af fe ct in m ai nt ai ni ng h ea lth y w ild lif e po pu la tio n, Ti m es 2 25 00 00 27 50 00 30 00 00 57 50 00 7. 15 Id en tif y in di ca to r s pe ci es to a ss es s ha bi ta t c on di tio n, Ti m es 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 7. 16 C on du ct s tu dy o f c lim at e ch an ge in di ca to rs a nd im pa ct o n bi od iv er si ty c on se rv at io n al on g w ith id en tifi c at io n of a da pt at io n ac tiv iti es , Ti m es 2 40 00 00 42 00 00 48 00 00 90 00 00 7. 17 U nd er ta ke a ss es sm en t o f s oc io ec on om ic c on di tio n of lo ca l p eo pl e in th e ar ea s w he re h um an w ild lif e co nfl ic t i s hi gh , Ti m es 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 36 00 00 67 50 00 7. 18 C ar ry o ut re la tio ns hi p be tw ee n an th ro po ge ni c ac tiv iti es a nd m ai nt en an ce o f h ea lth y an d vi ab le w ild lif e po pu la tio ns , Ti m es 1 40 00 00 46 00 00 46 00 00 7. 19 Id en tif y fi r e pr on e ar ea s by u si ng sa te lli te im ag er y an al ys is o r u si ng th e w eb b as ed fi re m ap pe r Ti m es 1 35 00 00 38 50 00 38 50 00 7. 20 C on du ct st ud y to a ss es s t he o pt im um qu an tit y of s an d, g ra ve l a nd b ou ld er th at c an b e ex tr ac te d ea ch y ea r Ti m es 2 50 00 00 50 00 00 60 00 00 11 00 00 0 7. 21 St ud y of s ta tu s an d co nd iti on o f G ha ri al a nd M ug ge r i n ra pt i r iv er Ti m es 1 30 00 00 30 00 00 30 00 00 7. 22 St ud y to im pr ov e th e m an ag em en t of c re m at io n si te (g ha t) to re du ce w as te a t b ot h si de s of h ig hw ay Ti m es 2 15 00 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 35 25 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan118 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 7. 23 St ud y th e im pa ct s of c ha ng es in pr ec ip ita tio n an d te m pe ra tu re s in th e bi od iv er si ty o f t he P ar k Ti m es 2 25 00 00 25 00 00 30 00 00 55 00 00 7. 24 St ud y an d do cu m en t in di ge no us w et la nd co ns er va tio n kn ow le dg e, sk ill s an d pr ac tic es Ti m es 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 Su b To ta l 35 25 00 0 30 71 25 0 15 82 50 0 35 36 25 0 45 90 00 0 16 30 50 00 M on it or in g 7. 25 C on du ct re gu la r m on ito ri ng o f w at er q ua lit y of d if fe re nt w et la nd s Ti m es 5 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 7. 26 M on ito ri ng o f i nd ic at or s pe ci es to as se ss h ab ita t c on di tio n Ti m es 5 22 50 00 22 50 00 23 62 50 24 75 00 25 87 50 27 00 00 12 37 50 0 7. 27 M on ito r t ig er s ar ou nd th e hu m an ac tiv ity a re as w ith lo ca l c om m un ity en ga ge m en t Ti m es 2 20 00 00 20 00 00 24 00 00 44 00 00 7. 28 M on ito ri ng o f t ig er o n pe ri od ic ba si s ba se d on c am er a tr ap , Ti m es 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 7. 29 M on ito ri ng o f f ou r h or ne d an te lo pe on p er io di c ba si s ba se d on d ir ec t co un t Ti m es 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 7. 30 M on ito ri ng o f p re y ba se s pe ci es Ti m es 5 20 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 7. 31 M on ito ri ng o f s m al l m am m al s Ti m es 5 20 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 7. 32 U nd er ta ke B ir d Su rv ey o n pe ri od ic ba si s Ti m es 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 7. 33 M on ito r h ab ita t q ua lit y us in g D N PW C M IS fo rm at s fo r g ro un d ve ri fi c at io n, d at a va lid at io n an d m an ag em en t i m pl ic at io ns , Ti m es 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 119 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt Su b To ta l 18 50 00 0 17 32 50 0 18 15 00 0 18 97 50 0 22 20 00 0 95 15 00 0 Tr ai ni ng 7. 34 O ri en ta tio n tr ai ni ng to s ec ur ity un its Ti m es 5 25 00 0 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 7. 35 O ri en ta tio n tr ai ni ng to G am e Sc ou ts o n le ga l i ss ue s Ti m es 3 15 00 00 15 00 00 16 50 00 18 00 00 49 50 00 7. 36 W ild lif e m an ag em en t a nd h an dl in g tr ai ni ng Ti m es 2 20 00 00 20 00 00 20 00 00 40 00 00 7. 37 B as ic tr ai ni ng G am es S co ut s an d R an ge rs to h an dl e G PS Ti m es 3 25 00 00 25 00 00 27 50 00 30 00 00 82 50 00 7. 38 Tr ai ni ng o n R ea l tim e SM A R T pa tr ol lin g Ti m es 2 25 00 00 26 25 00 57 50 00 83 75 00 7. 39 Fi el d te ch ni qu es , i nc lu di ng s ig ns an d in di re ct e vi de nc es o f w ild lif e Ti m es 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 7. 40 Tr ai n st af f t o co lle ct s am pl e of bl oo d, fe ca l m at te r, ur in e or v ita l or ga ns Ti m es 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 7. 41 B as ic tr ai ni ng o n ve ge ta tio n qu an tifi c at io n fo r r ec or di ng d at a in m on ito ri ng p lo ts Ti m es 2 25 00 00 26 25 00 28 75 00 55 00 00 7. 42 Tr ai ni ng o n w ild lif e he al th co nd iti on a ss es sm en t Ti m es 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 30 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 20 00 0 7. 43 Pr ov id e tr ai ni ng s to n at ur e gu id es to e nh an ce th ei r c ap ac ity in n at ur e in te rp re ta tio n sp ec ifi ca lly o n w ild lif e, b ir ds , p la nt s Ti m es 3 25 00 00 25 00 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 83 75 00 7. 44 Tr ai ni ng to p ar k st af f i n w ild lif e ha bi ta t m on ito ri ng Ti m es 3 20 00 00 21 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 68 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan120 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 7. 45 Fo re st F ir e M an ag em en t T ra in in g to p ar k st af f a nd s ec ur ity p er so nn el an d B Z C FU G m em be rs Ti m es 3 20 00 00 21 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 68 00 00 7. 46 A nt i po ac hi ng o pe ra tio n an d co nt ro l t ra in in g Ti m es 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 60 00 00 91 50 00 7. 47 Tr ai ni ng fo r c om m un ity b as ed a nt i po ac hi ng u ni ts Ti m es 3 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 46 00 00 13 20 00 0 7. 48 C ri m e sc en e in ve st ig at io n an d in te rr og at io n tr ai ni ng Ti m es 3 25 00 00 25 00 00 25 00 00 30 00 00 80 00 00 7. 49 C on du ct tr ai ni ng s to e nh an ce th e ca pa ci ty o f P ar k St af fs , s ec ur ity pe rs on s, a nd B Z c om m un iti es to c op e w ith th e cl im at e ch an ge im pa ct s Ti m es 2 35 00 00 35 00 00 42 00 00 77 00 00 7. 50 Tr ai ni ng o n na tu re in te rp re ta tio n an d di sp la y m an ag em en t Ti m es 2 20 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 47 00 00 7. 51 H um an ri gh ts tr ai ni ng to h an dl e th e co nv ic te d pe op le Ti m es 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 25 00 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 50 00 0 7. 52 Tr ai ni ng o n so ci al m ob ili za tio n Ti m es 2 50 00 00 52 50 00 57 50 00 11 00 00 0 7. 53 Tr ai ni ng o f T ra in er s (g en er al a nd sp ec ia liz ed ) Ti m es 2 50 00 00 52 50 00 57 50 00 11 00 00 0 7. 54 Tr ai ni ng o n ap pr ec ia tiv e en qu ir y Ti m es 3 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 00 00 18 00 00 48 00 00 7. 55 Pu bl ic a dm in is tr at io n an d m an ag em en t t ra in in g Ti m es 2 40 00 00 46 00 00 48 00 00 94 00 00 7. 56 Tr ai ni ng o n or ga ni za tio n de ve lo pm en t a nd m an ag em en t Ti m es 2 50 00 00 50 00 00 60 00 00 11 00 00 0 7. 57 Pl an ni ng , m on ito ri ng a nd ev al ua tio n tr ai ni ng Ti m es 5 20 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 20 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 10 80 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 121 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 7. 58 Tr ai ni ng o n co nfl ic t m an ag em en t Ti m es 3 20 00 00 20 00 00 22 00 00 24 00 00 66 00 00 7. 59 C IT E S tr ai ni ng Ti m es 2 50 00 0 50 00 0 55 00 0 10 50 00 7. 60 D at ab as e m an ag em en t T ra in in g to R an ge rs a nd O ffi c er s Ti m es 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 7. 61 G IS tr ai ni ng to R an ge rs a nd O ffi c er s Ti m es 3 30 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 10 20 00 0 7. 62 Ju di ci al tr ai ni ng to p ar k of fi c er s 7. 63 C er tifi c at e co ur se in w ild lif e m an ag em en t 7. 64 D ip lo m a co ur se in w ild lif e m an ag em en t Su b To ta l 35 75 00 0 43 31 25 0 34 02 50 0 58 88 75 0 55 50 00 0 22 74 75 00 In st it ut io na l s tr en gt he ni ng 7. 65 C el eb ra tio n of c on se rv at io n da ys Ti m es 20 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 18 75 00 21 75 00 87 75 00 7. 66 O rg an iz e W or ld W ild lif e W ee k Ti m es 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 7. 67 R ev ie w a nd u pg ra de r ep or tin g an d in fo rm at io n sh ar in g sy st em N o. 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 7. 68 A nn ua l p ro gr es s re po rt p ub lic at io n ye ar s 5 12 50 00 12 50 00 13 12 50 13 75 00 14 37 50 15 00 00 68 75 00 7. 69 W eb si te h os tin g Ti m es 5 25 00 0 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 7. 70 E va lu at io n of fi ve y ea r m an ag em en t p la n Ti m es 1 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 7. 71 Pr ep ar e ne xt fi ve y ea r m an ag em en t pl an in cl ud in g IE E Ti m es 1 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 7. 72 U nd er ta ke e va lu at io n of fi ve y ea r m an ag em en t p la n Ti m es 1 50 00 00 60 00 00 60 00 00 7. 73 C on du ct m an ag em en t e ff ec tiv en es s of th e Pa rk a nd B Z Ti m es 1 65 00 00 78 00 00 78 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan122 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 7. 74 O rg an iz e/ pa rt ic ip at e in tr an s bo un da ry m ee tin g Ti m es 5 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 7. 75 St re ng th en D is tr ic t L ev el W ild lif e C ri m e C on tr ol B ur ea u (t ri m es te r m ee tin g) ye ar s 5 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 7. 76 C oo rd in at io n m ee tin g w ith St ak eh ol de rs Ti m es 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 7. 77 Tr im es te r l ev el s ta ff m ee tin g Ti m es 15 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 Su b To ta l 11 50 00 0 12 07 50 0 12 65 00 0 13 37 50 0 57 97 50 0 10 75 75 00 8 To ur is m 10 10 00 00 10 34 25 00 80 65 00 0 12 66 00 00 18 15 75 00 59 32 50 00 8. 1 C on st ru ct se ve n en tr y ga te fo r vi si to rs in Sh iv a kh ol a, K us um , Si kt a, D ha ke ri , C hi sa pa ni , Su ta iy a an d K ha dg ab ar N o. 7 10 00 00 0 14 00 00 0 14 70 00 0 15 40 00 0 16 10 00 0 16 80 00 0 77 00 00 0 8. 2 C on st ru ct m ul tip ur po se V IC at K oh al pu r an d O bh ar i th at i nc lu de s tic ke t co un te r, di sp la y ce nt re , m us eu m , do cu m en ta ry sh ow in g ha ll, so uv en ir sh op , re fr es hm en t ce nt re , a nd re st ro om N o. 3 30 00 00 0 30 00 00 0 31 50 00 0 33 00 00 0 94 50 00 0 8. 3 C on st ru ct io n of w at ch to w er s (c on cr et e) N o. 5 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 10 50 00 0 11 00 00 0 11 50 00 0 12 00 00 0 55 00 00 0 8. 4 C on st ru ct , m ai nt ai n an d re pa ir co nc re te o r w oo de n w at ch t ow er s at ap pr op ri at e lo ca tio ns ne ar gr as sl an ds a nd w at er ho le s N o. 9 15 00 00 26 00 00 27 30 00 28 60 00 29 90 00 31 20 00 14 30 00 0 8. 5 C on st ru ct io n of fi re li ne (K ha ir ee kh ol a Sh iv a kh ol a, T ho ri a K yu re ni , K ha ng ba r Jh ad ik ha re ) K m 56 20 00 00 22 40 00 0 23 52 00 0 24 64 00 0 25 76 00 0 26 88 00 0 12 32 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 123 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 8. 6 D ev el op c om pr eh en si ve to ur is m pl an o f B aN P N o. 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 8. 7 C on st ru ct cu ltu ra l ho us e an d m us eu m s in th e B Z N o. 1 75 00 00 90 00 00 90 00 00 8. 8 U nd er ta ke s tu dy o f el ep ha nt s af ar i ro ut e an d pr ov id e el ep ha nt s af ar i se rv ic e to th e vi si to rs Ti m es 1 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 8. 9 C on st ru ct r ai se d pl at fo rm s to c lim b fo r el ep ha nt s af ar i, at l ea st , in t w o pl ac es N o. 3 25 00 00 75 00 00 75 00 00 8. 10 U nd er ta ke st ud y to fi n al iz e je ep sa fa ri ro ut es an d pr ov id e ro ut e pe rm it an d lic en se t o op er at e je ep sa fa ri Ti m es 1 40 00 00 42 00 00 42 00 00 8. 11 Pl ac e ad ve rt is em en t bo ar ds of el ep ha nt a nd je ep s af ar i i n th e Pa rk N o. 5 25 00 0 12 50 00 12 50 00 8. 12 O rg an iz e m ee tin gs an d tr ai ni ng to p ro m ot e lo ca l en tr ep re ne ur a nd na tu re g ui de t o op er at e j ee p sa fa ri an d ot he r f ac ili tie s in th e Pa rk Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 8. 13 Pr ov id e lic en se to in iti at e je ep sa fa ri fo r v is ito rs Ti m es 2 15 00 00 15 00 00 16 50 00 31 50 00 8. 14 Pr ep ar e a sa ni ta tio n gu id el in e fo r h ot el , l od ge a nd h om es ta y op er at or s N o. 1 30 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 8. 15 O rg an iz e C le an u p ca m pa ig ns to m an ag e w as te a lo ng t he h ig hw ay (w as te c ol le ct io n an d di sp os al ) Ti m es 15 50 00 0 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan124 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 8. 16 C on du ct n at ur e gu id e tr ai ni ng s to lo ca l an d in te re st ed in di vi du al s gi vi ng p ri or ity t o in di ge no us a nd m ar gi ni liz ed co m m un iti es an d yo ut hs Ti m es 3 25 00 00 25 00 00 27 50 00 30 00 00 82 50 00 8. 17 E nh an ce c ap ac ity o f na tu re g ui de s in n at ur e in te rp re ta tio n sp ec ifi ca lly on w ild lif e, b ir ds , pl an ts t hr ou gh tr ai ni ng s an d so m e ex pe ri en ce sh ar in g ac tiv iti es Ti m es 2 25 00 00 26 25 00 28 75 00 55 00 00 8. 18 C on du ct h om e st ay , ho us e ke ep in g an d co ok tr ai ni ng s at A ga iy a, D ha ke ri , K ha dg ab ar , G av ar v al le y, B al ap ur a nd B uc ha pu r Ti m es 3 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 78 75 00 8. 19 C on du ct c oo k tr ai ni ng Ti m es 3 40 00 00 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 46 00 00 17 20 00 0 8. 20 Pl ac e si gn ag e at a pp ro pr ia te lo ca tio n in th e Pa rk to s ho w d ir ec tio n to th e vi si to rs N o. 25 20 00 0 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 8. 21 O rg an iz e m ee tin gs an d tr ai ni ng to pr om ot e lo ca l en tr ep re ne ur to op er at e co m m un ity lo dg es an d ho m es ta ys i n th e to ur is t hu bs o f th e B Z e sp ec ia lly i n G av ar v al le y, B al ap ur a nd B uc ha pu r N o. 3 22 50 00 22 50 00 23 62 50 24 75 00 70 87 50 8. 22 O rg an iz e co tta ge a nd s m al l b us in es s de ve lo pm en t an d m an ag em en t tr ai ni ng Ti m es 3 30 00 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 10 35 00 0 8. 23 O rg an iz e C le an u p ca m pa ig ns to m an ag e w as te a lo ng t he h ig hw ay (w as te c ol le ct io n an d di sp os al ) Y ea rs 5 17 50 00 17 50 00 18 37 50 19 25 00 20 12 50 21 00 00 96 25 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 125 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 8. 24 Pl ac e di sp la y bo ar ds in th e V IC s of B N P an d K rC A to a ttr ac t v is ito rs in B aN P N o. 2 15 00 00 31 50 00 31 50 00 8. 25 Pl ac e di sp la y bo ar ds w ith in fo rm at io n on t ou ri st d es tin at io n ar ea s an d to ur is m p ro du ct s of B aN P in B ha ir ah aw a an d N ep al gu nj A ir po rt ; N o. 2 15 00 01 31 50 02 31 50 02 8. 26 E re ct ho ar di ng bo ar ds in fo rm in g D o’ s an d D on ’t s in th e Pa rk a nd B Z fo r t he v is ito rs N o. 5 25 00 0 27 50 0 27 50 0 8. 27 Pr ep ar e V id eo Sp ot to pr om ot e to ur is m in B aN P N o. 1 15 00 00 15 75 00 15 75 00 8. 28 A dv er tis e to ur is m p ro du ct s in t he Pa rk th ro ug h Te le vi si on , R ad io a nd FM ra di o at n at io na l a nd lo ca l l ev el ye ar s 5 18 00 00 18 00 00 18 90 00 19 80 00 20 70 00 21 60 00 99 00 00 8. 29 Pr ov id e su pp or t to jo ur na lis ts to vi si t B aN P an d pu bl is h ar tic le Ti m es 5 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 8. 30 Pu bl is h ne w s an d ar tic le in ne w sp ap er Ti m es 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 43 00 00 8. 31 Pr od uc tio n of v id eo d oc um en ta ry Ti m es 1 40 00 00 48 00 00 48 00 00 Su b To ta l 11 63 00 00 11 71 27 52 11 52 80 00 78 54 50 0 89 76 00 0 51 70 12 52 9 C lim at e ch an ge a nd S ol id w as te m an ag em en t C lim at e ch an ge a da pt at io n 9. 1 C on du ct p ar tic ip at or y vu ln er ab ili ty as se ss m en ts to id en tif y th e m os t vu ln er ab le re gi on s an d co m m un iti es Ti m es 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan126 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 9. 2 Pr ep ar e L oc al A da pt at io n Pl an o f A ct io n fo r a ll th e m un ic ip al iti es a nd ru ra l m un ic ip al iti es of B Z w hi le pr io ri tiz in g R ap ti So na ri a nd B ab ai to s ta rt w ith N o. 10 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 9. 3 Fo rm co m m un ity b as ed di sa st er m an ag em en t co m m itt ee an d lin k th em w ith cl im at e ch an ge an d ad ap ta tio n re la te d in st itu tio ns to ta ck le c lim at e re la te d ef fe ct s N o. 1 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 9. 4 Pi lo t ea rl y w ar ni ng s ys te m o f fl a sh fl o od in th e fl o od p ro ne a re as N o. 2 75 00 00 78 75 00 86 25 00 16 50 00 0 9. 5 Pr ep ar e fo re st fi re m an ag em en t p la n an d in te gr at e fo re st fi r e co nt ro l in th e O P of B Z C F N o. 1 50 00 00 55 00 00 55 00 00 9. 6 Im pl em en t co m m un ity b as ed f or es t fi r e m an ag em en t Ti m es 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 27 50 00 0 9. 7 C on st ru ct e m ba nk m en t, sp ur o r an y so il co ns er va tio n m ea su re in v ar io us ri ve rs a nd s tr ea m s to p ro te ct p ar k in fr as tr uc tu re s, h um an s et tle m en ts an d w ild lif e ha bi ta ts fr om fl o od sp ec ia lly a ro un d Pa rk h ea d qu ar te r, Pa ru w a K ho la , R ap ti R iv er , D ud uw a K ho la , B ab ai r iv er b an ks , B ha kt a kh ol a, J hi ja ri , J et hi na la a nd G au kh ol i; Ti m es 5 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 17 25 00 0 18 00 00 0 82 50 00 0 9. 8 C on se rv e ch ur ia r eg io n to c on tr ol se di m en t fl o w in th e do w ns tr ea m Ti m es 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 27 50 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 127 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 9. 9 C ar ry o ut p la na tio n of s oi l b in de r sp ec ie s al on g ri ve r b an ks to co nt ro l l an d sl id e Ti m es 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 9. 10 Fa ci lit at e m ar ke t l in ka ge s an d vo lu nt ar y ca rb on fi na nc in g. Ti m es 1 40 00 00 46 00 00 46 00 00 So lid w as te m an ag em en t 0 9. 11 Pr ep ar e a co m m on sa ni ta tio n gu id el in e to m ak e th em ad op t m in im um sa ni ta tio n st an da rd s fo r ho te l, lo dg e, ho m es ta y an d re st au ra nt i n m an ag in g cl ea n fr on t ya rd , to ile t w ith l ea k pr oo f se pt ic ta nk s an d w as te w at er s oa ka ge p its Ti m es 1 30 00 00 31 50 00 31 50 00 9. 12 Pr ov id e su pp or t to m an ag e ga rb ag e w ith sp ec ia l fo cu s on re du ci ng p ro du ct io n, r ec yc lin g, a nd de st ru ct io n by p ro hi bi tin g th e us e of po llu tin g ite m s su ch a s pl as tic b ag s Ti m es 2 40 00 00 42 00 00 46 00 00 88 00 00 9. 13 Su pp or t t o de ve lo p pr op er sa ni ta tio n in fr as tr uc tu re s in cl ud in g dr ai na ge , to ile ts , co lle ct io n an d re cy cl in g sy st em s Ti m es 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 57 75 00 66 41 25 79 69 50 30 63 57 5 9. 14 C on st ru ct a co m m un ity ba se d m us eu m an d in fo rm at io n ce nt er on g ar ba ge m an ag em en t in o rd er to de m on st ra te pr op er te ch ni qu es of g ar ba ge d is po sa l an d re cy cl in g te ch ni qu es to s ta ke ho ld er s Ti m es 2 25 00 00 26 25 00 28 75 00 55 00 00 9. 15 C on st ru ct n ew c re m at io n si te . Ti m es 1 75 00 00 82 50 00 82 50 00 Su b To ta l 37 00 00 0 55 65 00 0 53 62 50 0 62 99 12 5 45 16 95 0 25 44 35 75 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan128 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 10 B uf fe r Z on e 10 .1 Pr ov id e su pp or t t o fo rm B Z C Fs N o. 10 15 00 00 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 17 25 00 0 18 00 00 0 82 50 00 0 10 .2 Pr ov id e su pp or t t o B Z C F to p re pa re co ns tit ut io n, o pe ra tio na l p la n an d its re ne w al N o. 15 0 25 00 12 50 00 13 12 50 13 75 00 14 37 50 15 00 00 68 75 00 10 .3 Su pp or t i n in st itu tio na l st re ng th en in g of B Z U G s, B Z U C s, B Z C Fs Y ea r 5 40 00 00 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 10 00 46 30 50 48 62 03 22 10 25 3 10 .4 O rg an iz e B Z C F m an ag em en t tr ai ni ng s N o. 3 75 00 0 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 23 62 50 10 .5 Pr ov id e L ea de rs hi p tr ai ni ng to B Z in st itu tio ns N o. 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 12 50 57 88 13 60 77 53 27 62 81 6 10 .6 Pr ov id e A cc ou nt k ee pi ng tr ai ni ng to B Z in st itu tio ns N o. 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 12 50 57 88 13 60 77 53 27 62 81 6 10 .7 Su pp or t B Z U C to p re pa re fi ve y ea r pl an Ti m es 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 12 50 57 88 13 60 77 53 27 62 81 6 10 .8 Pr ov id e su pp or t t o in st al l I m pr ov ed C oo k St ov e (I C S) a nd b io ga s N o. 25 00 10 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 10 .9 Pr ov id e su pp or t t o in st al l b io ga s N o. 25 0 15 00 0 75 00 00 78 75 00 82 50 00 86 25 00 90 00 00 41 25 00 0 10 .1 0 C re at e al te rn at iv e gr az in g la nd a nd po nd s in a pp ro pr ia te a re as o f B Z fo r l iv es to ck to re du ce p re ss ur e on co re a re a Y ea r 5 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 17 25 00 0 18 00 00 0 82 50 00 0 10 .1 1 C on st ru ct fi re li ne s in B Z fo re st s Y ea r 5 20 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 21 00 00 0 22 00 00 0 23 00 00 0 24 00 00 0 11 00 00 00 10 .1 2 U pg ar de th e fi r e lin e fr om P ar uw a kh ol a to B al ap ur v ill ag e N o. 1 75 00 00 86 25 00 86 25 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 129 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 10 .1 3 Su pp or t to op er at e 3 pr iv at e nu rs er ie s in 3 d is tr ic ts Y ea rs 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 10 .1 4 R es to re d eg ra de d fo re st s in th e B Z / na tio na l fo re st s an d C Fs i n B Z b y ar tifi c ia l o r n at ur al re ge ne ra tio n H a. 50 25 00 0 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 10 .1 5 C re at e al te rn at iv e gr az in g la nd a nd po nd s in a pp ro pr ia te a re as o f B Z fo r liv es to ck to r ed uc e pr es su re o n co re ar ea ; Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 00 10 50 00 00 11 00 00 00 11 50 00 00 12 00 00 00 55 00 00 00 10 .1 6 Pr ov id e se ed lin gs a nd o rg an iz e pl an ta tio n in th e co rr id or , p ub lic la nd s to e nh an ce g re en er y in de gr ad ed c or ri do rs Y ea rs 5 60 00 00 60 00 00 0 63 00 00 0 66 00 00 0 69 00 00 0 72 00 00 0 33 00 00 00 10 .1 7 Pi lo t r ai n w at er h ar ve st in g pr og ra m in s el ec te d C hu ri a re gi on Ti m es 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 27 50 00 0 10 .1 8 In iti at e C hu ri a co ns er va tio n pr og ra m N o. 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 10 .1 9 M on ito r t he e xt ra ct io n of s oi l, sa nd an d gr av el in c oo rd in at io n w ith lo ca l a ut ho ri ty . Y ea rs 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 10 .2 0 C on st ru ct io n of c ul ve rt a nd c au se w ay N o. 15 50 00 00 15 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 17 25 00 0 18 00 00 0 82 50 00 0 10 .2 1 Su pp or t t o re pa ir a nd m ai nt en an ce of T ub er C ul os is re ha bi lit at io n ce nt re a t A ga iy a Ti m es 1 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 00 00 10 .2 2 C on st ru ct d ri nk in g w at er fa ci lit ie s at R ap ti so na ri 1 , B aj hk ho li an d B ai ja na th 1 , C hi sa pa ni N o. 1 10 00 00 0 11 00 00 0 11 00 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan130 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 10 .2 3 Pr ep ar e liv el ih oo d im pr ov em en t pl an N o. 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 10 .2 4 In tr od uc e im pr ov ed a ni m al b re ed to re du ce n um be r o f u np ro du ct iv e an im al N o. 20 25 00 0 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 10 .2 5 Pr om ot e cr op s th at a re n ot pr ef er re d by w ild lif e Ti m es 2 30 00 00 33 00 00 45 00 0 37 50 00 10 .2 6 Pr om ot e hi gh v al ue c ro ps a nd c ro ps th at a re n ot p re fe rr ed b y w ild lif e Ti m es 2 75 00 0 30 00 00 33 00 00 63 00 00 10 .2 7 M an ag e re lie f f un d ef fi c ie nt ly fo r t he v ic tim s of h um an w ild lif e co nfl ic t Y ea r 5 25 00 00 0 25 00 00 0 26 25 00 0 27 50 00 0 28 75 00 0 30 00 00 0 13 75 00 00 10 .2 8 Pr ov id e liv es to ck , p ou ltr y an d of f se as on v eg et ab le fa rm in g tr ai ni ng s Ti m es 3 22 50 00 22 50 00 24 75 00 27 00 00 74 25 00 10 .2 9 Pr ov id e su pp or t t o sk ill b as ed oc cu pa tio na l t ra in in gs to lo ca l pe op le o f B Z Ti m es 2 30 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 10 .3 0 O rg an iz e or ie nt at io n re la te d to co ns er va tio n le gi sl at io n in o rd er t o m ai nt ai n Pa rk p eo pl e am ity ; Ti m es 3 25 00 0 25 00 0 27 50 0 30 00 0 82 50 0 10 .3 1 In iti at e co ns er va tio n fo cu se d pr og ra m m e in s ch oo ls o f B Z b y fo rm in g E co c lu bs Y ea rs 5 40 00 00 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 46 00 00 48 00 00 22 00 00 0 10 .3 2 St re ng th en E co c lu bs b y pr ov id in g tr ai ni ng s su ch a s te am bu ild in g, m an ag em en t o f c lu b as or ga ni za tio n an d or ga ni zi ng e ve nt s Y ea rs 5 62 50 00 62 50 00 65 62 50 68 75 00 71 87 50 75 00 00 34 37 50 0 10 .3 3 M ob ili ze E co c lu bs to or ga ni ze pl an tio n, c le an u p ca m pa ig ns a nd co ns er va tio n ra lli es Y ea rs 5 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 131 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 10 .3 4 Pr ov id e su pp or t to or ga ni ze co ns er va tio n re la te d sc ho ol le ve l co nt es t s uc h as o ra to ry , q ui z, e ss ay , po em a nd s on gs t o en ha nc e th ei r kn ow le dg e in c on se rv at io n Y ea rs 5 25 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 10 .3 5 Pr ov id e su pp or t to or ga ni ze co ns er va tio n re la te d sc ho ol le ve l co nt es t s uc h as o ra to ry , q ui z, e ss ay , po em a nd s on gs t o en ha nc e th ei r kn ow le dg e in c on se rv at io n Y ea rs 5 50 00 00 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 27 50 00 0 10 .3 6 O rg an iz e le ar ni ng v is its in o th er PA s to B aN P st af fs a nd B Z U C m em be rs to s ee th e su cc es s st or ie s an d in te ra ct w ith o th er c om m un ity m em be rs Ti m es 2 50 00 00 52 50 00 57 50 00 11 00 00 0 10 .3 7 O rg an iz e co ns er va tio n ed uc at io n to ur s to E co c lu b m em be rs to in cr ea se th ei r a w ar en es s in bi od iv er si ty c on se rv at io n Ti m es 3 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 36 00 00 10 05 00 0 10 .3 8 O rg an iz e co ns er va tio n ed uc at io n to ur s to E co c lu b m em be rs to in cr ea se th ei r aw ar en es s in bi od iv er si ty c on se rv at io n; Ti m es 5 20 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 10 .3 9 O rg an iz e le ar ni ng vi si ts in ot he r PA s to B aN P st af fs an d B Z U C m em be rs t o se e th e su cc es s st or ie s an d in te ra ct w ith o th er c om m un ity m em be rs ; Ti m es 5 45 00 00 45 00 00 47 25 00 49 50 00 51 75 00 54 00 00 24 75 00 0 10 .4 0 Pr od uc e In fo rm at io n E du ca tio n an d C om m un ic at io n (I E C ) m at er ia l; Ti m es 2 50 00 00 50 00 00 60 00 00 11 00 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan132 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t N o. R at e 1s t Y ea r 2n d Y ea r 3r d Y ea r 4t h Y ea r 5t h Y ea r To ta l A m ou nt 10 .4 1 Su pp or t C om m un ity B as ed A nt i po ac hi ng U ni t ( C hi sa pa ni , K oh al pu r, B ha ra iy a, D ha ke ri , M ah ad ev a S ha m sh er gu nj , S ik ta , K us um , R aj ko t, N au w as ta , G hu iw ab ar i) Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 10 .4 2 St re ng th en a nd in st itu tio na liz e C B A PU ’s Ti m es 3 20 00 00 20 00 00 22 00 00 24 00 00 66 00 00 10 .4 3 D ev el op a n et w or k of C B A PU Ti m es 2 30 00 00 33 00 00 36 00 00 69 00 00 10 .4 4 Pr od uc e In fo rm at io n E du ca tio n an d C om m un ic at io n (I E C ) m at er ia l Ti m es 1 30 00 00 30 00 00 30 00 00 10 .4 5 C el eb ra te s pe ci al D ay s Y ea rs 5 30 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 10 .4 6 B Z U C s ac tiv iti es 34 47 75 29 44 14 09 05 .5 39 69 45 31 .9 42 99 75 83 .4 37 51 14 34 .8 19 88 21 98 5 Su b To ta l 69 11 75 29 79 35 71 55 78 25 17 82 82 04 20 71 78 22 08 97 38 69 89 43 4 11 A dm in is tr at iv e 11 .1 Sa la ry +T ra ve l A llo w an ce +U ni fo rm +R at io n 51 86 40 00 54 45 72 00 57 05 04 00 59 64 36 00 62 23 68 00 28 52 52 00 0 11 .2 Pr oc ur e co m pu te r N o. 5 80 00 0 80 00 0 84 00 0 88 00 0 92 00 0 96 00 0 44 00 00 11 .3 Pr oc ur e m ul tim ed ia p ro je ct or N o. 1 90 00 0 94 50 0 94 50 0 11 .4 M an ag em en t o f o ffi c e eq ui pm en t Y ea rs 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 11 .5 St at io ne ri es Y ea rs 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 11 .6 Pr oc ur e fu rn itu re Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 11 .7 Pa ym en t o f e le ct ri ci ty , t el ep ho ne , In te rn et Y ea rs 5 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 Su b To ta l 52 19 40 00 54 89 82 00 57 41 34 00 60 02 31 00 62 63 28 00 28 71 61 50 0 To ta l 23 20 90 82 9 24 82 40 62 3 24 03 58 91 2 25 93 85 24 1 25 23 18 30 7 12 32 39 39 11 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 133 F iv e Y ea r P la n of B Z w it h A ct iv it ie s an d B ud ge t A nn ex V II 1 Su m m ar y bu dg et o f B Z U C s A nn ex V II S. N . A ct iv it ie s Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l 1 K oh al pu r B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 23 16 00 2 24 31 80 2 25 47 60 2 26 63 40 2 24 99 20 2 12 45 80 11 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 45 00 00 52 50 00 10 45 00 0 18 97 50 0 19 20 00 0 58 37 50 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 35 00 00 35 75 00 42 00 00 60 25 00 32 00 00 20 50 00 0 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 14 00 00 46 20 00 48 40 00 50 60 00 16 80 00 17 60 00 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 20 20 00 21 21 00 22 22 00 23 23 00 34 24 00 12 11 00 0 Su b To ta l 34 58 00 2 39 88 40 2 47 18 80 2 59 01 70 2 52 49 60 2 23 31 65 11 2 P ur an dh ar a B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 15 53 00 0 16 30 65 0 17 08 30 0 17 68 70 0 14 55 60 0 81 16 25 0 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 19 60 00 0 27 96 00 0 95 95 00 19 78 00 0 13 44 00 0 90 37 50 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 24 50 00 41 62 50 31 00 00 42 35 00 25 20 00 16 46 75 0 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 33 00 00 43 65 00 14 30 00 49 45 00 18 00 00 15 84 00 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 72 00 0 12 56 00 79 20 0 82 80 0 18 64 00 54 60 00 Su b To ta l 41 60 00 0 54 05 00 0 32 00 00 0 47 47 50 0 34 18 00 0 20 93 05 00 3 P hu rk e Sa lli B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 20 25 00 0 19 05 75 0 84 15 00 84 52 50 88 20 00 64 99 50 0 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 10 20 00 0 14 70 00 0 10 17 50 0 14 37 50 0 54 00 00 54 85 00 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 90 00 83 40 00 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 33 00 00 43 65 00 14 30 00 49 45 00 15 60 00 15 60 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan134 S. N . A ct iv it ie s Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 17 50 00 23 37 50 19 25 00 20 12 50 31 00 00 11 12 50 0 Su b To ta l 37 00 00 0 42 03 50 0 23 59 50 0 31 51 00 0 20 77 00 0 15 49 10 00 4 H at ti da m ar G hu iy ab ar i B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 14 24 00 0 14 95 20 0 15 66 40 0 20 97 60 0 21 88 80 0 87 72 00 0 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 15 50 00 0 21 52 50 0 15 95 00 0 97 75 00 10 80 00 0 73 55 00 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 19 08 00 31 58 40 19 88 80 20 79 20 21 69 60 11 30 40 0 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 95 00 0 43 57 50 12 65 00 47 72 50 13 80 00 12 72 50 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 19 00 00 25 20 00 20 90 00 21 85 00 34 80 00 12 17 50 0 Su b To ta l 34 49 80 0 46 51 29 0 36 95 78 0 39 78 77 0 39 71 76 0 19 74 74 00 5 R aj ko t B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 15 62 00 0 16 40 10 0 19 05 20 0 24 40 30 0 20 90 40 0 96 38 00 0 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 20 60 00 0 20 58 00 0 13 86 00 0 14 49 00 0 15 12 00 0 84 65 00 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 49 72 00 52 20 60 54 69 20 57 17 80 59 66 40 27 34 60 0 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 23 00 00 55 65 00 25 30 00 60 95 00 25 20 00 19 01 00 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 25 80 00 21 84 00 22 88 00 23 46 00 34 48 00 12 84 60 0 Su b To ta l 46 07 20 0 49 95 06 0 43 19 92 0 53 05 18 0 47 95 84 0 24 02 32 00 6 R ap ti B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 20 80 00 0 19 74 00 0 26 18 00 0 27 37 00 0 28 56 00 0 12 26 50 00 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 76 00 00 15 22 50 0 17 05 00 0 84 52 50 12 42 00 0 60 74 75 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 45 75 00 48 03 75 48 40 00 50 60 00 52 80 00 24 55 87 5 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 16 50 00 48 82 50 18 15 00 53 47 50 19 80 00 15 67 50 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 26 70 00 22 78 50 23 87 00 22 19 50 33 16 00 12 87 10 0 Su b To ta l 37 29 50 0 46 92 97 5 52 27 20 0 48 44 95 0 51 55 60 0 23 65 02 25 7 D eu ra li H ar iy al i B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 15 84 00 0 16 63 20 0 17 42 40 0 21 09 10 0 22 00 80 0 92 99 50 0 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 52 00 00 13 33 50 0 13 97 00 0 59 80 00 62 40 00 44 72 50 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 60 00 00 63 00 00 14 85 00 0 18 40 00 0 10 20 00 0 55 75 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 135 S. N . A ct iv it ie s Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 22 00 00 54 60 00 24 20 00 59 80 00 26 40 00 18 70 00 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 21 10 00 22 15 50 23 21 00 24 26 50 35 32 00 12 60 50 0 Su b To ta l 31 35 00 0 43 94 25 0 50 98 50 0 53 87 75 0 44 62 00 0 22 47 75 00 8 D ha ke ri B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 21 00 00 0 22 05 00 0 29 70 00 0 29 90 00 0 22 80 00 0 12 54 50 00 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 50 00 00 13 12 50 0 15 95 00 0 69 00 00 96 00 00 50 57 50 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 55 50 00 58 27 50 67 65 00 52 32 50 54 60 00 28 83 50 0 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 36 40 27 69 72 28 .4 34 54 29 .7 70 61 31 .1 37 68 32 .4 24 89 64 8. 5 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 21 10 00 22 15 50 23 21 00 24 26 50 35 32 00 12 60 50 0 Su b To ta l 37 30 02 7 50 19 02 8 58 19 03 0 51 52 03 1 45 16 03 2 24 23 61 49 9 M ad hy ab in du B Z U C C on se rv at io n Pr og ra m 20 33 00 0 24 39 15 0 20 49 30 0 24 41 45 0 19 47 60 0 10 91 05 00 C om m un ity D ev el op m en t 10 00 00 0 26 25 00 0 21 12 00 0 77 05 00 80 40 00 73 11 50 0 In co m e ge ne ra tio n & S ki ll D ev el op m en t 95 00 00 99 75 00 49 50 00 51 75 00 54 00 00 35 00 00 0 C on se rv at io n E du ca tio n 18 40 00 50 82 00 36 74 00 55 66 00 22 08 00 18 37 00 0 A dm in is tr at iv e C os t 34 10 00 22 15 50 23 21 00 24 26 50 35 32 00 13 90 50 0 Su b To ta l 45 08 00 0 67 91 40 0 52 55 80 0 45 28 70 0 38 65 60 0 24 94 95 00 To ta l 34 47 75 29 44 14 09 05 39 69 45 32 42 99 75 83 37 51 14 35 19 88 21 98 5 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan136 F iv e Y ea r P la n of B Z U C s A nn ex V II 2 D eu ra li H ar iy al i B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 Fe nc in g in cl ud in g w ir eg au ge K m 15 30 00 00 45 00 00 0 90 00 00 94 50 00 99 00 00 13 80 00 0 14 40 00 0 56 55 00 0 2 B io g as c on st ru ct io n do na tio n N o. 10 0 10 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 3 B Z C F op er at io na l p la n re ne w al H ou se ho ld 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 4 G ro up , c om m itt ee ’s le gi sl at io n op er at io na l pl an fo rm at io n N o. 12 10 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 5 Fo re st g ua rd m ot iv at io n (u ni fo rm , r ai nc oa t, re ch ar ge , t or ch lig ht pu rc ha se ) N o. 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 6 Fi re lin e co ns tr uc tio n, re pa ir, c le an in g H a 35 10 00 0 35 00 00 70 00 0 73 50 0 77 00 0 80 50 0 84 00 0 38 50 00 7 Po nd c on st ru ct io n N o. o f Pe op le 7 50 00 0 35 00 00 70 00 0 73 50 0 77 00 0 80 50 0 84 00 0 38 50 00 8 T he ft c on tr ol p ro gr am Ti m es 15 20 00 0 30 00 00 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 9 Y ou th in vo lv em en t f or an ti th ef t p ro gr am C ub ic m et er 5 60 00 0 30 00 00 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 10 G ra ss la nd m an ag em en t Pl ac e 15 10 00 0 15 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 15 75 00 92 99 50 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 137 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t 1 U se r c om m itt ee ’s b ui ld in g co ns tr uc tio n N o. 1 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 78 75 00 82 50 00 0 0 16 12 50 0 2 R oa d co ns tr uc tio n G ro up 10 10 00 00 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 3 G ra ve l r oa d re pa ir K m 15 20 00 0 30 00 00 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 4 B ri dg e re pa ir N o. 10 20 00 0 20 00 00 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 5 B ri dg e co ns tr uc tio n M et er 10 50 00 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 6 D ri nk in g w at er ta p co ns tr uc tio n su pp or t N o. 30 20 00 0 60 00 00 12 00 00 12 60 00 13 20 00 13 80 00 14 40 00 66 00 00 44 72 50 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on a nd sk ill d ev el op m en t 1 H om es ta y de ve lo pm en t N o. 3 50 00 00 15 00 00 0 82 50 00 86 25 00 16 87 50 0 2 B as ke t, ch ai r m ak in g tr ai ni ng N o. 5 15 00 00 75 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 3 Pl um bi ng , e le ct ri ct ia n tr ai ni ng K g 5 15 00 00 75 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 4 Im pr ov ed fa rm co ns tr uc tio n (i nc lu di ng sa fe ty fr om w ild lif e) N o. 10 0 15 00 0 15 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 5 H er b fa rm in g in iti at io n N o. 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 58 75 00 55 75 00 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 Pu bl ic in fo rm at in p ro gr am (w ild lif e to h um an a nd fr om h um an to w ild lif e) Ti m es 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan138 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 2 G ro up , c om m itt ee ’s ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 0 66 00 00 3 C el eb ra tio n da y pr og ra m Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 4 H um an w ild lif e co nfl ic t re du ct io n pr og ra m Ti m es 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 5 Su pp or t f or e co c lu b Ti m es 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 18 70 00 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 St at io ne ry Y ea rs 5 24 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 2 Ti ffi n o n m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 18 00 0 90 00 0 18 00 0 18 90 0 19 80 0 20 70 0 21 60 0 99 00 0 3 O ffi c e as si st an t w ag e Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 4 A cc ou nt m on ito ri ng Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 5 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 6 C om m un ic at io n ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 7 G ro up /c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 8 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 12 60 50 0 To ta l 22 47 75 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 139 A nn ex V II 3 D ha ke ri B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 Fe nc in g in cl ud in g w ir eg au ge c on st ru ct io n K m 10 40 00 00 40 00 00 0 12 00 00 0 12 60 00 0 13 20 00 0 13 80 00 0 14 40 00 0 66 00 00 0 2 Sh ru bs p la nt at io n H a 10 30 00 0 30 00 00 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 3 Fi re lin e re pa ir H ou se ho ld 30 50 00 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 4 Po nd c on st ru ct io n on C F N o. 5 20 00 00 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 5 V ie w to w er c on st ru ct io n N o. 2 50 00 00 10 00 00 0 55 00 00 57 50 00 11 25 00 0 6 C ro co di le m on ito ri ng pr og ra m in ra pt i r iv er H a 1 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 7 G ra ss la nd m an ag em en t N o. o f Pe op le 30 15 00 0 45 00 00 90 00 0 94 50 0 99 00 0 10 35 00 10 80 00 49 50 00 8 Fo re st g ua rd e qu ip m en t (u ni fo rm , r ai nc oa t, re ch ar ge , t or ch lig ht pu rc ha se ) Y ea rs 5 45 00 0 22 50 00 45 00 0 47 25 0 49 50 0 51 75 0 54 00 0 24 75 00 9 B io g as d on at io n C ub ic m et er 10 0 10 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 10 Po nd c on st ru ct io n on C F Pl ac e 2 10 00 00 20 00 00 10 00 00 11 00 00 21 00 00 11 E le ct ri c fe nc in g K m 3 20 00 00 60 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 66 00 00 12 Y ou th in vo lv m en t f or an ti th ef t Y ea rs 5 75 00 0 37 50 00 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 41 25 00 12 54 50 00 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t G ro up 1 U se r c om m itt ee ’s bu ild in g co ns tr uc tio n N o. 1 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 78 75 00 82 50 00 0 0 16 12 50 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan140 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 2 R oa d gr av el lin g K m 2 20 00 00 40 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 0 45 00 00 3 G ra ve l r oa d re pa ir M et er 10 50 00 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 4 H yu m p ip e pu rc ha se an d in st al la tio n N o. 30 25 00 0 75 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 5 C ul ve rt c on st ru ct io n N o. 1 40 00 00 40 00 00 48 00 00 48 00 00 6 So ur ce a nd c an al re pa ir K m 3 10 00 00 30 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 31 50 00 7 A ad ib as i, ja na ja ti cu ltu ra l m us eu m co ns tr uc tio n N o. 1 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 0 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 50 57 50 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on a nd sk ill d ev el op m en t K g 1 H om es ta y in iti at io n su pp or t Ti m es 3 10 00 00 30 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 31 50 00 2 Fu rn itu re , L ab ou re r, co ok , w ai te r, m ob ie l an d co m pu te r r ep ai r, m ot or cy cl e re pa ir, ho us e w ir in g, d ri vi ng , pl um bi ng tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 75 70 00 52 50 00 10 50 00 11 02 50 11 55 00 12 07 50 12 60 00 57 75 00 3 H er b se ed ’s d on at io n N o. o f Pe op le 50 50 00 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 4 Fa rm im pr ov em en t do na tio n su pp or t N o. 15 0 10 00 0 15 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 5 C hi ck en fa rm in g tr ai ni ng Ti m es 30 20 00 60 00 0 66 00 0 66 00 0 28 83 50 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 141 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 1 G ro up /c om m itt ee ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 2 A cc ou nt a nd le ad er sh ip de ve lo pm en t t ra in in g Ti m es 2 50 00 0 10 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 10 25 00 3 Sc ho ol p ro gr am (d ra w in g, e ss ay , el oq ui tio n, q ui z, ro ad pl ay , e co c lu b in iti at io n) Ti m es 10 20 00 0 20 00 00 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 4 C el eb ra tio n da y pr og ra m Ti m es 10 15 00 0 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 5 H oa di ng b oa rd co ns tr uc tio n N o. 11 20 00 0 22 00 00 44 00 0 46 20 0 48 40 0 50 60 0 52 80 0 24 20 00 6 Pr og ra m b ro ad ca st in g on tv a nd ra di o 10 0 10 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 27 21 00 28 .3 5 22 00 29 .7 23 00 31 .0 5 24 00 32 .4 11 00 14 8. 5 Y ea rs 24 89 64 8. 5 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts Y ea rs 1 St at io ne ry Y ea rs 5 24 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 2 Ti ffi n o n m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 18 00 0 90 00 0 18 00 0 18 90 0 19 80 0 20 70 0 21 60 0 99 00 0 3 O ffi c e as si st an t w ag e Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 4 A cc ou nt m on ito ri ng Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 5 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 6 C om m un ic at io n Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 7 G ro up /c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n pr og ra m Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 8 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 12 60 50 0 To ta l 24 23 61 48 .5 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan142 A nn ex V II 4 H at ti da m ar G hu iy ab ar i B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 W ir e ga ug e co ns tr uc tio n K m 7 40 00 00 28 00 00 0 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 92 00 00 96 00 00 31 40 00 0 2 C om m un ity fo re st re ne w al N o. 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 3 G or es t g ua rd w ag es fo r 6 pe op le H ou se ho ld 6 18 00 00 10 80 00 0 21 60 00 22 68 00 23 76 00 24 84 00 25 92 00 11 88 00 0 4 C he ck da m p ro gr am o n ri ve r M et er 15 00 30 00 45 00 00 0 45 00 00 47 25 00 49 50 00 51 75 00 54 00 00 24 75 00 0 5 Fi re lin e co ns tr uc tio n N o. 18 30 00 0 54 00 00 10 80 00 11 34 00 11 88 00 12 42 00 12 96 00 59 40 00 6 So la r d is tr ib ut io n an d do na tio n H a 10 0 10 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 N o. o f Pe op le 87 72 00 0 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t 1 W al ki ng ro ad c on st ur ct io n (c he pa ng G hu ei ya ba ri ) C ub ic m et er 6 50 00 0 30 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 31 50 00 2 G hu ei ya ba ri h at ti da m ar w al ki ng ro ad Pl ac e 10 50 00 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 3 B ri dg e m ad e fr om w oo d co ns tr uc tio n N o. 6 20 00 00 12 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 48 00 00 13 40 00 0 4 H an d pu m p in st al la tio n N o. 10 50 00 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 5 Pu m ps et fo r i rr ig at io n N o. 3 50 00 0 15 00 00 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 16 50 00 6 U se r c om m itt ee ’s b ui ld in g co ns tr uc tio n G ro up 1 12 00 00 0 12 00 00 0 60 00 00 63 00 00 12 30 00 0 7 D ri nk in g w at er re pa ir a nd im pr ov em en t N o. 6 50 00 0 30 00 00 10 00 00 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 32 50 00 8 Sc ho ol fu rn itu re s up po rt Pl ac e 4 10 00 00 40 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 43 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 143 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 9 Sm al l h yd ro po w er p ro je ct o n K ha pp ar ek ho la M et er 1 50 00 00 0 50 00 00 0 52 50 00 55 00 00 10 75 00 0 10 R oa d gr av el lin g K m 10 25 00 00 25 00 00 0 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 73 55 00 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 Fu rn itu re , l ab ou re r, ho us e w ir in g, w ai te r, co ok , pl um bi ng , m ob ile tv re pa ir, ha ir c ut tin g, c ha ir k ni tti ng , sw ea te r a nd c ap k ni tti ng , se w in g cu tti ng tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 72 70 00 50 40 00 10 08 00 10 58 40 11 08 80 11 59 20 12 09 60 55 44 00 2 B ee fa rm in g tr ai ni ng a nd (b ee co m b do na tio n) N o. o f Pe op le 9 10 00 0 90 00 0 90 00 0 90 00 0 3 H yb ri d sp ec ie s go at p ur ch as e an d do na tio n K g 3 80 00 0 24 00 00 88 00 0 92 00 0 96 00 0 27 60 00 4 B as ke t m ak in g tr ai ni ng a nd m ac hi ne d on at io n N o. 1 20 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 21 00 00 11 30 40 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 Sc ho ol p ro gr am (d ra w in g, qu iz , e ss ay c om pe tit io n, el oq ui tio n et c. ) Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 2 G ro up , c om m itt ee e du ca tio na l to ur Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 3 E co cl ub in iti at io n su pp or t Ti m es 4 20 00 0 80 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 90 00 0 4 H oa di ng b oa rd c on st ru ct io n N o. 10 20 00 0 20 00 00 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 5 Pu bl ic in fo rm at io n m ee tin g Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 6 Po st er a nd P am pl et p ri nt in g Ti m es 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan144 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 12 72 50 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 O ffi c e st at io ne ry Y ea rs 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 2 Ti ffi n e xp en se s du ri ng m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 C om m un ic at io n an d re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 4 1 of fi c e he lp er Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 5 Fu rn itu re p ur ch as e Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 52 50 0 52 50 0 6 G ro up , c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 60 00 0 60 00 0 7 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 60 00 0 60 00 0 12 17 50 0 To ta l 19 74 74 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 145 A nn ex V II 5 K oh al pu r B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 Sp ik e fe nc in g co ns tr uc tio n K m 5 30 00 00 15 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 2 G au ge c on st ru ct io n (M es hj al i) K m 10 40 00 00 40 00 00 0 80 00 00 84 00 00 88 00 00 92 00 00 96 00 00 44 00 00 0 3 C he ck da m in cl ud in g ga bi n w ir e H ou se ho ld 0 30 00 02 31 50 02 .1 33 00 02 .2 34 50 02 .3 36 00 02 .4 16 50 01 1 4 R an ig ha t ch ap ar ga ud i an d ro ha ni kh ol a si m ru w a K m 0. 5 60 00 00 0 30 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 5 C F op er at io na l pl an fo rm at io n an d re ne w al N o. 22 50 00 0 11 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 26 00 00 11 20 00 0 6 Pl an ta tio n H a 10 25 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 7 Fo re st g ua rd w ag e N o. o f Pe op le 3 60 00 0 18 00 00 36 00 0 37 80 0 39 60 0 41 40 0 43 20 0 19 80 00 8 Fo re st tr ai l co ns tr uc tio n K m 8 50 00 0 40 00 00 80 00 0 84 00 0 88 00 0 92 00 0 96 00 0 44 00 00 9 W et la nd m an ag em en t a nd po nd c on st ru ct io n C ub ic m et er 4 25 00 00 10 00 00 0 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 10 75 00 0 Pl ac e 12 45 80 11 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan146 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 1 R oa d gr av el lin g K m 5 30 00 00 15 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 2 D ee p bo ri ng co ns tr uc tio n N o. 3 30 00 00 90 00 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 10 35 00 0 3 K ha da kb ar ir ri ga tio n ca na l c on st ru ct io n G ro up 3 10 00 00 30 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 30 75 00 4 Jo rt e ca na l r ep ai r K m 3 50 00 0 15 00 00 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 16 50 00 5 U se r c om m itt ee pr og ra m h al l co ns tu rc tio n N o. 1 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 57 50 00 60 00 00 11 75 00 0 6 O ffi c e co m po un d w al l c on st ru ct io n M et er 30 0 10 00 30 00 00 33 00 00 33 00 00 7 V ie w to w er co ns tr uc tio n N o. 2 50 00 00 10 00 00 0 57 50 00 60 00 00 11 75 00 0 58 37 50 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on an d sk ill de ve lo pm en t 1 Fu rn itu re , L ab ou re r, ho us e w ir ir ng , pl um bi ng , w ai te r, co ok , m ot or cy cl e re pa ir, m ob ile re pa ir, s ew in g cu tti ng , k ni tti ng , di ll m ak in g, be au ty pa rl ou r tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 10 0 10 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 20 00 00 20 00 00 20 00 00 20 00 00 10 00 00 0 2 M us hr oo m fa rm tr ai ni ng a nd s ee d di st ri bu tio n N o. o f Pe op le 20 50 00 10 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 10 25 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 147 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 3 B ee fa rm in g tr ai ni ng K g 10 10 00 0 10 00 00 11 00 00 11 00 00 4 H om es ta y in iti at io n N o. o f Pe op le 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 28 75 00 28 75 00 5 Se ed lin g pu rc ha se fo r l em on fa rm in g N o. 50 00 10 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 20 50 00 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 U se r g ro up a nd co m m itt ee ’s ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 2 C B A PU a nd e co cl ub e du ca tio na l to ur Ti m es 1 30 00 00 30 00 00 33 00 00 33 00 00 3 H oa di ng b oa rd co ns tu rc tio n N o. 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 4 C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n pr og ra m in s ch oo l Ti m es 5 25 00 0 12 50 00 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 5 C el eb ra tio n da y N o. 10 20 00 0 20 00 00 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 6 W ild lif e fr ie nd ly in fo rm at iv e pr og ra m N o. 10 20 00 0 20 00 00 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 7 C on se rv at io n pr og ra m br oa dc as tin g on ra di o, te le vi si on Ti m es 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 17 60 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan148 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 St at io ne ry e xp en se s Y ea rs 5 30 00 0 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 2 Ti ffi n e xp en se s du ri ng m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 3 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 4 O ffi c e as si st an t’s w ag e Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 5 G ro up , c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n pr og ra m Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 6 5 ye ar s op er at io na l pl an fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 7 Fu rn itu re p ur ch as e Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 12 11 00 0 23 31 65 11 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 149 A nn ex V II 6 M ad hy ab in du B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 Fe nc in g in cl ud in g w ir eg au ge co ns tr uc tio n K m 8 40 00 00 32 00 00 0 64 00 00 67 20 00 70 40 00 69 00 00 72 00 00 34 26 00 0 2 B io g as c on st ru ct io n an d do na tio n N o. 90 15 00 0 13 50 00 0 27 00 00 28 35 00 29 70 00 31 05 00 32 40 00 14 85 00 0 3 B Z C F op er at io na l p la n re ne w al H ou se ho ld 6 30 00 0 18 00 00 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 20 70 00 4 G ro up c om m itt ee ’s le gi sl at io n an d op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n N o. 6 10 00 0 60 00 0 60 00 0 60 00 0 5 Fe nc in g in cl ud in g pl an ta tio n (w al ap ur a nd a ga ya a re a) N o. 6 90 00 0 54 00 00 27 00 00 28 35 00 55 35 00 6 Fi re lin e co ns tr uc tio n, re pa ir, cl ea ni ng H a 26 15 00 0 39 00 00 78 00 0 81 90 0 85 80 0 89 70 0 93 60 0 42 90 00 7 Po nd c on st ru ct io n N o. o f Pe op le 3 30 00 00 90 00 00 30 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 10 05 00 0 8 V ie w to w er c on st ru ct io n N o. 4 15 00 00 60 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 67 50 00 9 E nc ro ac hm en t c on tr ol b y ac tiv ity in iti at io n C ub ic m et er 30 20 00 0 60 00 00 12 00 00 12 60 00 13 20 00 13 80 00 14 40 00 66 00 00 10 G ra ss la nd m an ag em en t Pl ac e 15 15 00 0 22 50 00 45 00 0 47 25 0 49 50 0 51 75 0 54 00 0 24 75 00 11 C he ck da m c on st ru ct io n/ re pa ir Pl ac e 3 50 00 00 15 00 00 0 52 50 00 55 00 00 57 50 00 16 50 00 0 12 R ec ov er y fu nd fo r v ic tim N o. 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 51 25 00 10 91 05 00 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t G ro up 1 R oa d co ns tr uc tio n an d gr av el K m 7 30 00 00 21 00 00 0 42 00 00 44 10 00 46 20 00 48 30 00 50 40 00 23 10 00 0 2 Ir ri ga tio n ca na l re pa ir K m 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 58 75 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan150 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 3 B or in g co ns tr uc tio n fo r co m m un ity M et er 6 10 00 00 60 00 00 30 00 00 31 50 00 61 50 00 4 Sc ho ol ’s d ri nk in g w at er ta p co ns tr uc tio n N o. 3 20 00 0 60 00 0 30 00 0 31 50 0 61 50 0 5 U se r c om m itt ee a nd F in an ce ’s bu ild in g co ns tr uc tio n N o. 1 30 00 00 0 30 00 00 0 15 75 00 0 16 50 00 0 32 25 00 0 6 M or gu e ho us e m an ag em en t su pp or t Ti m es 1 50 00 00 50 00 00 25 00 00 26 25 00 51 25 00 73 11 50 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on a nd s ki ll de ve lo pm en t 1 H om es ta y tr ai ni ng a nd in iti at io n su pp or t K g 1 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 50 00 00 52 50 00 10 25 00 0 2 Pl um bi ng , w ir in g, s ew in g kn itt in g, c om pu te r r ep ai r, m ob ile re pa ir tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 50 15 00 0 75 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 3 R ev ol vi ng fu nd in iti at io n N o. o f Pe op le 60 15 00 0 90 00 00 18 00 00 18 90 00 19 80 00 20 70 00 21 60 00 99 00 00 4 In co m e ge ne ra tio n su pp or t t o re du ce p re ss ur e on fo re st N o. o f Pe op le 40 15 00 0 60 00 00 12 00 00 12 60 00 13 20 00 13 80 00 14 40 00 66 00 00 35 00 00 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n Ti m es 1 G ro up , c om m itt ee ’s ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 2 E du ca tio na l t ou r f or s tu de nt s Ti m es 1 15 00 00 15 00 00 16 50 00 0 0 16 50 00 3 E co c lu b su pp or t Ti m es 15 10 00 0 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 151 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 4 Y ou th in vo lv em en t o n an tit he ft an d su pp or t o n tr ai ni ng a nd eq ui pm en t Ti m es 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 5 C el eb ra tio n da y N o. 15 10 00 0 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 6 H oa di ng b oa rd c on st ru ct io n N o. 6 20 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 18 37 00 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 St at io ne ry Y ea rs 5 24 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 2 Ti ffi n e xp en se s on m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 18 00 0 90 00 0 18 00 0 18 90 0 19 80 0 20 70 0 21 60 0 99 00 0 3 O ffi c e as si st an t w ag e Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 4 A nn ua l a cc ou nt m on ito ri ng Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 5 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 6 C om m un ic at io n ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 7 G ro up /c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n pr og ra m Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 8 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 9 Fu rn itu re p ur ch as e Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 10 C om pu te r a nd p ri nt er p ur ch as e N o. 1 80 00 0 80 00 0 80 00 0 80 00 0 13 90 50 0 To ta l 24 94 95 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan152 A nn ex V II 7 P hu rk e Sa lli M al ai B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 B Z C F fo rm at io n an d re fo rm at io n K m 8 20 00 0 16 00 00 16 00 00 16 00 00 2 W ir eg au ge c on st ru ct io n K m 5 40 00 00 20 00 00 0 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 46 00 00 48 00 00 22 00 00 0 3 C he ck da m c on st ru ct io n H ou se ho ld 50 0 35 00 17 50 00 0 90 00 00 89 25 00 17 92 50 0 4 L an d co ns er va tio n pr og ra m (b io en gi ne er in g) N o. 5 75 00 0 37 50 00 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 51 75 0 54 00 0 34 20 00 5 Fo re st g ua rd w ag es fo r 2 p er so n N o. 5 26 00 00 13 00 00 0 26 00 00 27 30 00 28 60 00 29 90 00 31 20 00 14 30 00 0 6 Fi re lin g re pa ir a nd c le an in g H a 10 15 00 0 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 7 W at er s ou rc e co ns er va tio n N o. o f Pe op le 4 10 00 00 40 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 41 00 00 64 99 50 0 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t C ub ic m et er 1 E le ct ri ci ty s up po rt Pl ac e 2 50 00 00 10 00 00 0 52 50 00 57 50 00 11 00 00 0 2 V eh ic le ro ad im pr ve m en t a nd gr av el lin g K m 16 25 00 00 40 00 00 0 50 00 00 52 50 00 55 00 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 21 62 50 0 3 U se r c om m itt ee ’s b ui ld in g co ns tr uc tio n N o. 1 12 00 00 12 00 00 12 00 00 12 00 00 4 C he ck da m c on st ru ct io n M et er 25 0 25 00 62 50 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 24 75 00 65 75 00 5 D ri nk in g w at er c on st ru ct io n G ro up 8 20 00 00 16 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 6 Sc ho ol fe nc in g (s pi ke fe nc e) M et er 30 0 10 00 30 00 00 34 50 00 34 50 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 153 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 54 85 00 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on a nd s ki ll de ve lo pm en t M et er 1 C oo k, w ai te r, m ob ile re pa ir, w ir in g, s ew in g cu tti ng , s w ea te r kn itt in g, b ik e re pa ir tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 50 70 00 35 00 00 70 00 0 73 50 0 77 00 0 80 50 0 84 00 0 38 50 00 2 L em on fa rm in g an d se ed lin g do na tio n N o. 10 00 10 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 Sh ru bs a nd g ra ss s ee dl in g pu rc ha se a nd d on at io n Y ea rs 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 69 00 0 28 40 00 5 L em on fa rm in g an d se ed lin g do na tio n N o. 50 0 10 0 50 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 54 85 00 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n K g 1 Sc ho ol p ro gr am (q ui z, d ra w in g, es sa y, ro ad p la y et c. ) Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 2 Pu bl ic in fo rm at io n m ee tin g Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 H oa di ng b oa rd c on st ru ct io n N o. 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 5 To w er c on st ru ct io n fo r co m m un ic at io n N o. 1 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 20 00 00 6 E du ca tio na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 30 00 00 0 34 50 00 0 64 50 00 7 E co cl ub p ro gr am a nd e du ca tio na l to ur Ti m es 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 8 C le an in g pr og ra m Ti m es 5 10 00 0 50 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan154 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 9 C el eb ra tio n da y Ti m es 5 10 00 0 50 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 15 60 00 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 St at io ne ry e xp en se s Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 2 Ti ffi n e xp en se s an d co m m un ic at io n du ri ng m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 3 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 4 Fu rn itu re Y ea rs 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 5 G ro up c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n pr og ra m Y ea rs 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 6 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 7 O ffi c e he lp er (1 p er so n) Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 11 12 50 0 To ta l 20 14 20 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 155 A nn ex V II 8 P ur an dh ar a B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 B Z C F op er at io na l l eg is la tio n fo rm at io n K m 6 75 00 0 45 00 00 75 00 0 78 75 0 82 50 0 86 25 0 18 00 00 50 25 00 2 W ir eg au ge c on st ru ct io n K m 9 40 00 00 36 00 00 0 80 00 00 84 00 00 88 00 00 92 00 00 48 00 00 39 20 00 0 3 So la r d on at io n H ou se ho ld 30 0 10 00 0 30 00 00 0 60 00 00 63 00 00 66 00 00 69 00 00 72 00 00 33 00 00 0 4 B io g as in st al la tio n do na tio n N o. 18 15 00 0 27 00 00 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 51 75 0 54 00 0 29 47 50 5 Im pr ov ed fi re pl ac e N o. 60 15 00 90 00 0 18 00 0 18 90 0 19 80 0 20 70 0 21 60 0 99 00 0 H a 81 16 25 0 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t N o. o f Pe op le 1 Su sp en si on b ri dg e co ns tr uc tio n (B ab ai ri ve r) N o. 2 50 00 00 0 10 00 00 00 10 50 00 0 11 50 00 0 22 00 00 0 2 R oa d co ns tr uc tio n (w es tw ar d fr om J al ja la ) C ub ic m et er 10 30 00 00 30 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 3 C an al c on st ru ct io n ri gi dl y Pl ac e 20 00 30 0 60 00 00 12 00 00 12 60 00 13 20 00 13 80 00 14 40 00 66 00 00 4 C he ck da m c on st ru ct io n M et er 25 0 25 00 62 50 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 24 75 00 65 75 00 5 D ri nk in g w at er c on st ru ct io n (d is tr ic t s im al ku na ) M et er 30 0 20 0 60 00 0 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 6 D ee p bo ri ng in cl ud in g so la r pu m p fo rm at io n N o. 2 70 00 00 14 00 00 0 70 00 00 84 00 00 15 40 00 0 7 B an ch ar e dr in ki ng w at er re pa ir (p ip e pu rc ha se ) G ro up 40 0 10 0 40 00 0 40 00 0 40 00 0 8 B an ch ar e sc ho ol re pa ir Ti m es 1 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 00 00 9 Si m al ku na s ch oo l r ep ai r Ti m es 1 25 00 00 25 00 00 25 00 00 25 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan156 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 10 U se r c om m itt ee b ui ld in g co ns tr uc tio n M et er 1 12 00 00 0 12 00 00 0 60 00 00 63 00 00 12 30 00 0 90 37 50 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on a nd s ki ll de ve lo pm en t 1 C oo k, w ai te r, m ob ile re pa ir, w ir in g, s ew in g cu tti ng , sw ea te r k ni tti ng , b ik e re pa ir tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 60 10 00 0 60 00 00 12 00 00 12 60 00 13 20 00 13 80 00 14 40 00 66 00 00 2 A gr ic ul tu re fa rm in g tr ai ni ng an d se ed d on at io n N o. o f Pe op le 15 50 00 75 00 0 75 00 0 75 00 0 3 B ee fa rm in g tr ai ni ng (i nc lu di ng h on ey co m b be e do na tio n) N o. o f Pe op le 12 15 00 0 18 00 00 90 00 0 10 35 00 19 35 00 4 Pi g fa rm in g (p ig le t d on at io n) K g 12 15 00 0 18 00 00 90 00 0 10 80 00 19 80 00 5 L em on fa rm in g (s ee d do na tio n) N o. 50 0 10 0 50 00 0 25 00 0 26 25 0 51 25 0 6 H yb ri d sp ec ie s of g oa t pu rc ha se N o. 3 80 00 0 24 00 00 84 00 0 88 00 0 92 00 0 26 40 00 7 B ea tin g an d pu lp in g m ill co ns tu rc tio n N o. 2 10 00 00 20 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 20 50 00 16 46 75 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n Ti m es 1 Sc ho ol p ro gr am (q ui z, dr aw in g, e ss ay , r oa d pl ay e tc .) Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 2 Pu bl ic in fo rm at io n m ee tin g Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 H oa di ng b oa rd c on st ru ct io n N o. 6 20 00 0 12 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 48 00 0 13 40 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 157 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 5 To w er c on st ru ct io n fo r co m m un ic at io n N o. 1 10 00 00 0 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 20 00 00 6 E du ca tio na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 30 00 00 0 34 50 00 0 64 50 00 7 E co c lu b pr og ra m a nd ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 8 C le an in g pr og ra m Ti m es 5 10 00 0 50 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 9 C el eb ra tio n da y Ti m es 5 10 00 0 50 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 Y ea rs 15 84 00 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts Y ea rs 1 St at io ne ry e xp en se s Y ea rs 5 30 00 0 15 00 00 30 00 0 31 50 0 33 00 0 34 50 0 36 00 0 16 50 00 2 Ti ffi n e xp en se s fo r m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 3 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 4 co m m un ic at io n ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 5 Fu rn itu re p ur ch as e Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 6 G ro up c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n pr og ra m Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 7 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 54 60 00 T ot al 20 93 05 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan158 A nn ex V II 9 R aj ko t B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 Fr en ci ng in cl ud in g w ir eg au ge co ns tr uc tio n K m 7 40 00 00 28 00 00 0 40 00 00 42 00 00 44 00 00 92 00 00 96 00 00 31 40 00 0 2 Sp ik e fe nc in g co ns tr uc tio n K m 3 10 00 00 30 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 31 50 00 3 O pe n gr az in g co nt ro l a nd m an ag em en t ( se ed d is tr ib ut io n, dh un d co ns tu rc tio n, c ha ra m ac hi ne p ur ch as e an d m ee di ng in iti at io n) H ou se ho ld 10 15 00 00 15 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 4 Sa fe fa rm c on st ru ct io n N o. 50 10 00 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 5 C F m an ag em en t t ra in in g N o. 8 20 00 0 16 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 17 90 00 6 C F le gi sl at io n an d op er at io na l pl an re ne w al H a 5 30 00 0 15 00 00 10 35 00 72 00 0 17 55 00 7 Po nd c on st ru ct io n on C F N o. o f Pe op le 2 15 00 00 30 00 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 33 75 00 8 Pl an ta tio n fo r l an d de gr ad at io n co nt ro l H a 16 50 00 0 80 00 00 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 86 00 00 9 C he ck da m fo r l an ds lid e C ub ic m et er 25 0 10 00 0 25 00 00 0 25 00 00 26 25 00 27 50 00 28 75 00 30 00 00 13 75 00 0 10 Su pp or t f or fo re st g ua rd Pl ac e 5 16 00 00 80 00 00 16 00 00 16 80 00 17 60 00 18 40 00 19 20 00 88 00 00 11 G ra ss la nd m an ag em en t H a 16 10 00 0 16 00 00 32 00 0 33 60 0 35 20 0 36 80 0 38 40 0 17 60 00 96 38 00 0 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t 1 Ir ri ga tio n su pp or t ( m ot or p ip e) G ro up 21 10 00 00 21 00 00 0 42 00 00 44 10 00 46 20 00 48 30 00 50 40 00 23 10 00 0 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 159 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 2 W ir eg au ge c on st ru ct io n on co m m un ity a nd v ill ag e K m 8 40 00 00 32 00 00 0 64 00 00 67 20 00 70 40 00 73 60 00 76 80 00 35 20 00 0 3 U se r c om m itt ee ’s b ui ld in g co ns tr uc tio n N o. 1 15 00 00 15 00 00 80 00 00 73 50 00 15 35 00 0 4 C on st ru ct io n of ro ad a nd gr av el lin g M et er 2 50 00 00 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 E le ct ri ci an , p lu m be r, w ai te r, co ok , n at ur e gu id e tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 49 10 00 0 49 00 00 98 00 0 10 29 00 10 78 00 11 27 00 11 76 00 53 90 00 2 C hi ck en fa rm in g, g oa t f ar m in g tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 28 70 00 19 60 00 39 20 0 41 16 0 43 12 0 45 08 0 47 04 0 21 56 00 3 H er b fa rm in g tr ai ni ng a nd se ed lin g do na tio n G ro up 12 10 00 00 12 00 00 0 24 00 00 25 20 00 26 40 00 27 60 00 28 80 00 13 20 00 0 4 B ea ut ip ar lo ur tr ai ni ng a nd eq ui pm en t d on at io n N o. o f Pe op le 12 50 00 0 60 00 00 12 00 00 12 60 00 13 20 00 13 80 00 14 40 00 66 00 00 K g 27 34 60 0 D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 H oa di ng b oa rd c on st ru ct io n N o. 4 20 00 0 80 00 0 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 86 00 0 2 C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n br oa dc as tin g on ra di o an d tv Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 G ro up , c om m itt ee m em be rs ’ ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 0 66 00 00 4 Fi re c on tr ol in fo rm at io n m ee tin g Ti m es 5 50 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 5 C on se rv at io n pr og ra m in sc ho ol Ti m es 40 10 00 0 40 00 00 80 00 0 84 00 0 88 00 0 92 00 0 96 00 0 44 00 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan160 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 6 Tr ai ni ng o n ru le s an d re gu la tio n fo r u se rs Ti m es 10 20 00 0 20 00 00 40 00 0 42 00 0 44 00 0 46 00 0 48 00 0 22 00 00 7 L ea de rs hi p, a cc ou nt a nd co ns er va tio n re la te d tr ai ni ng fo r u se r c om m itt ee ’s m em be rs 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 19 01 00 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 O ffi c e as si st an t w ag e Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 2 St at io ne ry Y ea rs 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 Fu rn itu re Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 4 Su pp or t f or c om m un ic at io n Y ea rs 5 10 00 0 50 00 0 10 00 0 10 50 0 11 00 0 11 50 0 12 00 0 55 00 0 5 Ti ffi n e xp en se s du ri ng m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 6 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 24 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 7 H ou se re nt a nd e le ct ri ci ty ex pe ns es Y ea rs 3 40 00 12 00 0 40 00 42 00 44 00 12 60 0 8 G ro up , c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 9 G ro up , c om m itt ee ’s 5 y ea rs op er at io na l p la n fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 12 84 60 0 To ta l 15 55 82 00 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 161 A nn ex V II 1 0 R ap ti B Z U C S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks A C on se rv at io n P ro gr am 1 Fe nc in g co ns tr uc tio n in cl ud in g w ir e ga ug e K m 15 40 00 00 60 00 00 0 12 00 00 0 12 60 00 0 13 20 00 0 13 80 00 0 14 40 00 0 66 00 00 0 2 Pl an ta tio n H a 30 30 00 0 90 00 00 18 00 00 18 90 00 19 80 00 20 70 00 21 60 00 99 00 00 3 Fi re lin e co ns tr uc tio n fo r fi r e co nt ro l H ou se ho ld 15 50 00 0 75 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 4 Po nd c on st ru ct io n on C F N o. 5 20 00 00 10 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 5 V ie w to w er c on st ru ct io n N o. 3 50 00 00 15 00 00 0 55 00 00 57 50 00 60 00 00 17 25 00 0 6 C ro co di le m on ito ri ng pr og ra m o n ra pt i r iv er H a 1 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 7 Sh ru bs a nd g ra ss m an ag em en t N o. o f Pe op le 1 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 10 00 00 8 6 fo re st g ua rd w ag e Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 9 B io g as d on at io n C ub ic m et er 25 10 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 Pl ac e 12 26 50 00 B C om m un it y D ev el op m en t 1 Sa ur i j ar uw a ba ir iy a ga bi n w ir e fi l lin g C ub ic m et er 50 0 10 00 0 50 00 00 0 20 00 00 21 00 00 22 00 00 23 00 00 24 00 00 11 00 00 0 80 % peo ple s’ che ckd am or sta keh old ers 1 R oa d gr av el lin g K m 5 30 00 00 15 00 00 0 30 00 00 31 50 00 33 00 00 34 50 00 36 00 00 16 50 00 0 2 H yu m p ip e pu rc ha se a nd in st al la tio n G ro up 12 25 00 0 30 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 86 25 0 90 00 0 33 37 50 3 C au se c on st ru ct io n on sa ur ik ho la ja ru w a ro ad N o. 1 20 00 00 0 20 00 00 0 48 00 00 48 00 00 80 % peo ple s’ che ckd am or sta keh old ers Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan162 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks 4 D ee p bo ri ng fo r w at er di st ri bu tio n an d pi pe in st al la tio n w or k M et er 12 00 40 0 48 00 00 25 20 00 26 40 00 51 60 00 5 U se r c om m itt ee ’s b ui ld in g co ns tr uc tio n M et er 1 12 00 00 0 12 00 00 0 63 00 00 66 00 00 0 0 12 90 00 0 6 M ac hi ne p ur ch as e fo r ir ri ga tio n N o. 15 20 00 0 30 00 00 60 00 0 63 00 0 66 00 0 69 00 0 72 00 0 33 00 00 7 Sc ho ol ’s c om pu te r pu rc ha se N o. 4 50 00 0 20 00 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 0 22 50 00 8 Pu bl ic to ile t c on st ru ct io n N o. 1 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 00 00 15 00 00 60 74 75 0 C In co m e ge ne ra ti on a nd sk ill d ev el op m en t 1 Tu rm er ic fa rm in g an d se ed do na tio n K g 50 0 70 35 00 0 17 50 0 18 37 5 35 87 5 2 C oo k, w ai te r, fu rn itu re , la bo ur er , h ou se w ir in g, m ob ile re pa ir, m ot or cy cl e re pa ir, s ew in g cu tti ng a nd kn itt in g, c hi ck en fa rm in g, go at fa rm in g tr ai ni ng N o. o f Pe op le 10 0 70 00 70 00 00 14 00 00 14 70 00 15 40 00 16 10 00 16 80 00 77 00 00 3 H yb ri d sp ec ie s co w a nd bu ff al o fa rm in g do na tio n N o. 25 30 00 0 75 00 00 15 00 00 15 75 00 16 50 00 17 25 00 18 00 00 82 50 00 4 Fa rm im pr ov em en t pr og ra m N o. 50 10 00 0 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 5 U ns ea so na l v eg et ab le fa rm in g tr ai ni ng , s ee d do na tio n N o. o f Pe op le 25 10 00 0 25 00 00 50 00 0 52 50 0 55 00 0 57 50 0 60 00 0 27 50 00 Ti m es 24 55 87 5 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 163 S. N . A ct iv it ie s U ni t Q ua nt it y R at e A m ou nt Y ea r I Y ea r II Y ea r II I Y ea r IV Y ea r V To ta l am ou nt R em ar ks D C on se rv at io n ed uc at io n 1 G ro up /c om m itt ee ed uc at io na l t ou r Ti m es 2 30 00 00 60 00 00 31 50 00 34 50 00 66 00 00 2 H oa di ng b oa rd c on st ru ct io n N o. 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 3 Sc ho ol p ro gr am (e ss ay , qu iz , e lo qu iti on , d eb at e et c. ) Ti m es 5 20 00 0 10 00 00 20 00 0 21 00 0 22 00 0 23 00 0 24 00 0 11 00 00 4 Pr og ra m b ro ad ca st in g on ra di o an d tv Ti m es 5 25 00 0 12 50 00 25 00 0 26 25 0 27 50 0 28 75 0 30 00 0 13 75 00 5 Y ou th in iti at io n fo r an tit he ft (t if fi n , r ec ha rg e, to rc h lig ht , r ai nc oa t su pp or t) Y ea rs 5 10 00 00 50 00 00 10 00 00 10 50 00 11 00 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 55 00 00 15 67 50 0 E A dm in is tr at iv e C os ts 1 St at io ne ry Y ea rs 5 24 00 0 12 00 00 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 27 60 0 28 80 0 13 20 00 2 Ti ffi n e xp en se s on m ee tin g Y ea rs 5 15 00 0 75 00 0 15 00 0 15 75 0 16 50 0 17 25 0 18 00 0 82 50 0 3 O ffi c e as si st an t w ag e Y ea rs 5 13 00 00 65 00 00 13 00 00 13 65 00 14 30 00 14 95 00 15 60 00 71 50 00 4 C on se rv at io n re la te d ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 5 C om m un ic at io n ex pe ns es Y ea rs 5 12 00 0 60 00 0 12 00 0 12 60 0 13 20 0 13 80 0 14 40 0 66 00 0 6 Fu rn itu re p ur ch as e Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 7 H ou se re nt fo r o ffi c e Y ea rs 3 24 00 0 72 00 0 24 00 0 25 20 0 26 40 0 75 60 0 8 G ro up /c om m itt ee re fo rm at io n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 9 5 ye ar s op er at io na l p la n co ns tr uc tio n Ti m es 1 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 50 00 0 12 87 10 0 To ta l 23 65 02 25 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan164 Park and Securiy Management Offi ce and Posts Annex-VIII S.N. HQ / Sector / Range Post / Guard Post / Security Post Place No. of Offi ce/Sector/Posts/Security unit Park NA BothOffi ce / Post Hattisar 1 NP Headquarter Obhari, Banke 1 2 Western Sector Offi ce Kohalpur, Banke 1 3 Chisapani Security post Chisapani, Banke 1 4 Hattidamar Ghuiyabari Rangepost Kaprechaur, Salyan 1 5 Sutaiya Post Naubasta, Sutaiya, Banke 1 6 Khadkabar Rangepost Kohalpur, Banke 1 1 7 Mahadev Post Mahadevpuri, Mahadeva, Banke 1 8 Dhakeri Range Post Mahadevpuri, Dhakeri, Banke 1 9 Changai Nala, Dhakeri Dhakeri 10 Buchapur Post Mahadevpuri, Buchapur, Banke 1 1 11 Sikta Post Khaskusmachar, Sikta, Banke 1 12 Eastern Sector Offi ce Khaskusma, Kusum 1 13 Shiva khola Post Khaskusma, Lauki Banke 1 14 Malai Rangepost Panchakule, Majhgaon, Dang 1 15 Deurali Post Chisapani, Deurali, Banke 1 16 Keureni Post Purandhara, Keureni, Dang 1 17 Khairee Post Kachnapur, Zero, Banke 1 18 Pragatinagar Post Kohalpur, Banke 1 Total 3 2 2 12 Note: NA= Nepali Army Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 165 Organization structure of BaNP Annex-IX S.N. Designation Level Approved Position Status of fulfi llment Fulfi lled Vacant 1 Chief Conservation offi cer Gazetted class II 1 1 0 2 Assistant conservation offi cer Gazetted class III 3 3 0 3 Ranger Non- Gazetted class I 11 10 1 4 Nayab Subba (Administration) Non -Gazetted class I 1 1 0 5 Nayab Subba ( legal) Non -Gazetted class I 1 1 0 6 Accountant Non -Gazetted class I 1 1 0 7 Computer operator Non -Gazetted class I 1 1 0 8 Kharidar Non -Gazetted class II 5 3 2 9 Nayab Subba (Hattisar) Non- Gazetted class I 1 1 0 10 Daroga (Hattisar) Non -Gazetted class II 1 1 0 11 Fanit (Hattisar) Class less 10 - 10 12 Pachhuwa (Hattisar) Class less 10 - 10 13 Mahut (Hattisar) Class less 10 10 0 14 Senior Game scout Non- Gazetted class II 23 22 1 15 Game Scout Class less 69 69 0 16 Offi ce Assistant Class less 2 2 0* 17 Driver Class less 3 3 0* Total 153 129 24 * Contract Service Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan166 Physical progress of previous years Annex-X S.N. Description Location Fiscal Year 20 67 /0 68 20 68 /0 69 20 69 /0 70 20 70 /0 71 20 71 /0 72 20 72 /0 73 20 73 /0 74 20 74 /0 75 A. Building Construction A1 Head quarter offi ce Obhari 1 A2 Western Sector offi ce Kohalpur 1 A3 Eastern Sector offi ce Kusum 1 A4 Sutaiya post Sutaiya 1 A5 Shivkhola post Shivkhola post 1 A6 Buildings at Security head quarter Obhari 1 1 3 1 A7 Sutaiya Post Sutaiya 1 A8 Mahadeva security post Mahadeva 1 A9 Buchapur post Buchapur 1 A10 Khadkabar security post Khadgabar 1 A11 Mahadeva range post Mahadeva 1 A12 Garage for vehicles Obhari 2 A13 House for Park offenders Obhari 1 A14 Ghuiyabari post Ghuiyabari Salyan 1 A15 Western Sector offi ce Kohalpur 1 A16 BZMC offi ce Kohalpur 1 A17 Shivkhola check post Shivkhola post 1 A18 Malaijaljala security post Malaijaljala Dang 1 1 A19 Deurali post Deurali post 1 A20 Malaijaljala range post Malaijaljala Dang 1 A21 Dhakeri range post Dhakeri 1 A22 Bikashnagar security post 1 A23 Eastern sector offi ce Kusum 1 A24 Residence building for staffs Obhari 2 A25 Chisapani post Chisapani 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 167 S.N. Description Location Fiscal Year 20 67 /0 68 20 68 /0 69 20 69 /0 70 20 70 /0 71 20 71 /0 72 20 72 /0 73 20 73 /0 74 20 74 /0 75 A26 Khairee security post khairee 1 A27 Pragatinagar security post Pragatinagar 1 A28 Keureni security post Purandhara 1 A29 Residential building for staffs Obhari 1 A30 Deurali security post Deurali 1 A31 Deurali post Deurali 1 A32 Security post at Sikta Sikta 1 A33 Building construction at Hattisar Khadgabar 1 A34 Building construction at Hattisar Changainala Dhakeri 1 A35 Residential building Obhari 1 A36 Building for park offenders Obhari 1 A37 Thanti range post Thanti Dang 1 A38 Khairee range post Khairee 1 A39 Pragatinagar range post Pragatinagar 1 A40 Shade house for elephant Changainala Dhakeri 1 A41 Shade house for elephant Buchapur 1 A42 Shade house for elephant Khadkabar 1 A43 Raise platform to climb on elephant back Khadkabar 1 A44 Raise platform to climb on elephant back Dhakeri 1 A45 Shivkhola range post Shivkhola 1 A46 Construction of waiting place (gol ghar) Obhari 1 A47 Waiting place (gol ghar) Kohalpur 1 A48 Waiting place (gol ghar) Khadkabar 1 B. Fireline B1 145 Km Fireline Construction/repair Obhari too Jalseni B2 Jalseni to Mahadeva B3 Mahadeva to Khadkabar Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan168 S.N. Description Location Fiscal Year 20 67 /0 68 20 68 /0 69 20 69 /0 70 20 70 /0 71 20 71 /0 72 20 72 /0 73 20 73 /0 74 20 74 /0 75 B4 Khadkabar to Sutaiya B5 Giddeni chaur to Bikasnagar B6 Sutiya to Hattigauda B7 Karaute khola to Hattisaar Chisapani B8 Obhari to Thuriya by Kailashe B9 Kailashe to Khairee khola B10 Highway to Khairee khola B11 Ghandheli to Khairee khola B12 Ghandheli to Paani muhan road B13 Aagaiya highway to Pani muhan B14 Gabar to Chure Phedi B15 Khadkabar to Ghuiyabari jhyang way B16 Thuriya to Amila bari by kwereni road B17 Kusum Beriya to Malai by Dholpur B18 Highway to Shiruwakhola Grassland C. Watch Towers C1 Wooden watch tower (black) Obhari 1 C2 Wooden watch tower Giddeni chaur 1 C3 Wooden watch tower Thuriya Khola 1 C4 Wooden watch tower Jalseni 1 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 169 S.N. Description Location Fiscal Year 20 67 /0 68 20 68 /0 69 20 69 /0 70 20 70 /0 71 20 71 /0 72 20 72 /0 73 20 73 /0 74 20 74 /0 75 C5 Wooden watch tower Gotheri 1 C6 Wooden watch tower Perhawa Chatiya 1 C7 Wooden watch tower Kusum 1 C8 Wooden watch tower Shivkhola 1 C9 Wooden watch tower Jhadi Khahare 1 C10 Wooden watch tower Ghandheli 1 C11 Construction of Tiger Holding cage Khairee Khola 1 C12 RCC watch tower Shyalmaare 1 C13 RCC watch tower Kailashe 1 C14 RCC watch tower Khairee Khola 1 C15 RCC watch tower Giddeni chaur 1 C16 Construction of wild animal rescue cage Khairee Khola 1 D. Grassland D1 Grassland management Thuriya 20 D2 Giddeni chaur 20 D3 Jalseni 10 D4 Kailashe 5 D5 Chauka Phanta 5 D6 Jhadi Khahare 5 D7 Katauree 10 D8 Gotheri 20 D9 Tallo Dobai 10 D10 Mathillo Dobai 10 D11 Muguwa 15 D12 Gandheli 20 D13 Buchapur grassland 20 D14 Gabar Shirukholi 10 D15 Gabar chure fedi 10 E. Wetlands E1 Wetlands and waterholds Giddheni chaur E2 Jalseni E3 Thuriya E4 Jhijheri CF Dhakeri Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan170 S.N. Description Location Fiscal Year 20 67 /0 68 20 68 /0 69 20 69 /0 70 20 70 /0 71 20 71 /0 72 20 72 /0 73 20 73 /0 74 20 74 /0 75 E5 Changainala Dhakeri E6 Buchapur E7 Gotheri E8 Khairee E9 Paani Muhan E10 Rani talau E11 Bakshwa Khola E12 Janashrit CF E13 Boringwasti E14 Ghandheli E15 Sauree E16 Karautee E17 Khadkabar E18 Aamapkholi E19 Jalkalyan CF E20 Bikasnagar E21 Gabar E22 Near Obhari (lepa Pokhari) E23 Near Obhari fi reline E24 Sano tappar E25 Shivkhola E26 Kale khola Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 171 Calculation and allowable quantity of sand, gravel and boulder from different rivers of BZ Annex-XI S.N. Name of UC Name of rivers Length (m) Width (m) Depth (m) Total Volume Allowable Volume 50% 1 Kohalpur BZUC Ranighat 4000 100 0.5 200000 100000 Tharubas 1500 30 0.5 22500 11250 Baksuwa khola 1500 30 0.5 22500 11250 Duduwa khola 1500 60 0.5 45000 22500 Jorhatte 800 25 0.5 10000 5000 Syalmare 1500 30 0.5 22500 11250 2 Deurali Hariyali BZUC Karauti and Kathauti 3500 70 0.5 122500 61250 Gau kholi 2500 50 0.5 62500 31250 Jethi Nala 3500 70 0.5 122500 61250 3 Hattidamar Ghuiyabari BZUC Babai river 10000 60 0.5 300000 150000 4 Dhakeri BZUC Jhijhari 800 50 0.5 20000 10000 Bangesal 1500 30 0.5 22500 11250 5 Madhyabindu BZUC Paruwakhola 800 60 0.5 24000 12000 Sukhar 2000 60 0.5 60000 30000 Gandheli 1600 30 0.5 24000 12000 Jhuri 3500 60 0.5 105000 52500 6 Rapti BZUC Rapti river 8000 100 1 800000 400000 Lumba 1600 60 0.5 48000 24000 Kale khola 1500 60 0.5 45000 22500 Khoche khola 1500 60 0.5 45000 22500 Sauri khola 1200 50 0.5 30000 15000 Gabhar khola 1100 125 0.5 68750 34375 Bairia 1700 60 0.5 51000 25500 7 Rajkot BZUC Banseri Banskholi 800 50 0.5 20000 10000 Shivkhola 1400 30 0.5 21000 10500 Til kanya 1800 30 0.5 27000 13500 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan172 S.N. Name of UC Name of rivers Length (m) Width (m) Depth (m) Total Volume Allowable Volume 50% Gothlewa 700 25 0.5 8750 4375 Oj Khola 2500 50 0.5 62500 31250 Dadhkholi 900 60 0.5 27000 13500 Bhatti khola 800 40 0.5 16000 8000 Rapti river 15000 100 0.5 750000 375000 Bharle / jharle 5000 80 0.5 200000 100000 8 Malai Jaljala BZUC Babai river 7000 70 0.5 245000 122500 Malai jaljala 10000 70 0.5 350000 175000 9 Purandhara BZUC Babai river 8000 60 0.5 240000 120000 Total Volume 4240500 2120250 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 173 Landcover details in BaNP and its BZ (Source: Topographic Maps, DoS, GoN, 1994/98) Banke National Park S.N. Landcover Class Area km2 1 Barren land 0.28 2 Bush 31.41 3 Cultivation 2.40 4 Forest 512.24 5 Grassland 0.90 6 Pond or Lake 0.00 7 Sand 15.03 8 Water bodies 0.12 Total 562.37 Buffer Zone S.N. Landcover Class Area km2 1 Barren land 0.16 2 Built Up 0.02 3 Bush 23.37 4 Cultivation 36.33 5 Forest 258.21 6 Grassland 1.95 7 Orchard 0.03 8 Pond or Lake 0.01 9 Sand 18.92 10 Water bodies 5.71 Total 344.69 Annex-XII Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan174 Traditional use right of way (fi reline), canal going through park and cultural sites XIIIA: Right of way that is used as traditional use right foot trail Annex-XIII S.N. Description Remarks 1 Thuriya- Amilabari- Hattidamar Foot trail 2 Thuriya- Amilabari-Jila Foot trail 3 Aagaiya- Deurali- Jaljala Foot trail 4 Khadkabar- Aambas- Ghuiyabari Foot trail and proposed motor road XIIIB: Irrigation Canal that goes through core area and BZ S.N. Canal Location 1 Obhari Farmer canal Rapti Sonari 8, Banke 2 Hattigauda Chyama (Large) canal Baijanath 1, Banke 3 Kakawa canal Baijanath 1, Banke 4 Aamkholi Khadkabar canal Koholpur 13, Banke 5 Jorhattey Dauna canal Koholpur 13, Banke 6 Jhijhari Bageysal, Uddyan canal Rapti Sonari 9, Banke 7 Jhijhari Mahadev village canal Rapti Sonari 9, Banke 8 Paruwa river Perani canal Rapti Sonari 8, Banke 9 Lumba river sikta Gotheri canal Rapti Sonari 1, Banke 10 Lamitaal Bairiya canal Rapti Sonari 1, Banke 11 Katseni Aagaiya drinking water Rapti Sonari 2, Banke 12 Kukurgauda kusum drinking water Rapti Sonari 1, Banke 13 Rajawas kusum drinking water Rapti Sonari 1, Banke 14 Shiv river drinking water Rapti Sonari 1, Banke XIIIC: Religious cultural sites of the Park S.N. Religious/cultural sites Place 1 Deuti Bajai temple Deurali Dada 2 Jhakri temple Jhijhari Chure 3 Kukurgauda Way to Dang from Kusum Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 175 Annex XIV-1 : Participants of the Task-force meeting 2073/09/18 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Dil Bahadur Purja Pun CCO BaNP, Obhari 2 Saraswoti Sapkota Assistant Planning Offi cer DNPWC 3 Bishnu Prasad Thapaliya Assistant Management Offi cer DNPWC 4 Santosh Kumar Bhagat Ranger DNPWC Annex XIV-2: Participants of BZMC meeting Participants of the meetings Annex-XIV 2073/11/02 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Dil Bahadur Purja Pun CCO BaNP 2 Sabitra Pun Chairperson Kohalpur BZUC 3 Krishna Bahadur Chaudahary Chairperson Deurali Hariyali BZUC 4 Shiva Kumar Rana Chairperson Thakeri BZUC 5 Harka Bahadur Bista Chairperson Madhyabindu BZUC 6 Bal Bahadur Gharti Chairperson Rapti BZUC 7 Gehendra Kumar Khadka Chairperson Rajkot BZUC 8 Gammar Bahadur Gharti Chairperson Phurkesalli Malai BZUC 9 Pokhar Singh Budha Chairperson Purandhara BZUC 10 Dambar Bahadur Pun Chairperson Hattidamar Ghuiyabari BZUC 11 Lal Bahadur Bhandari ACO BaNP 12 Saurav Shrestha PA management Expert SDIC Nepal 13 Anil Kumar Ram Ranger BaNP 14 Ran Bahadur Thapa Kharidar BaNP 15 Kripal Chaudhary CCF TAL PABZ 16 Chitra Bahadur Malla Treasurer Kohalpur BZUC 17 Chabi Lal Pande Member Kohalpur BZUC 18 Rajan Pandit Ranger BaNP 19 Akshya Chadhary Ranger BaNP 20 Dilli Ram Dhakal Major Gorakhdal Gan, Obhari 21 Pramod Kumar Yadav ACO BaNP 22 Tika Ram Paudel BZ Expert SDIC Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan176 Annex XIV-3: Participants of the meeting 2073/11/03 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Dil Bahadur Purja Pun CCO BaNP 2 Sabitra Pun Chairperson Kohalpur BZUC 3 Krishna B. Chaudahary Chairperson Deurali Hariyali BZUC 4 Shiva Kumar Rana Chairperson Dhakeri BZUC 5 Harka Bahadur Bista Chairperson Madhyabindu BZUC 6 Bal Bahadur Gharti Chairperson Rapti BZUC 7 Gehendra Kumar Khadka Chairperson Rajkot BZUC/BZMC 8 Gambar Bahadur Gharti Chairperson Phurkesalli Malai BZUC 9 Pokhar Singh Budha Chairperson Purandhara BZUC 10 Dambar Bahadur Pun Chairperson Hattidamar Ghuiyabari BZUC 11 Lal Bahadur Bhandari Asst. Conservation Offi cer BaNP 12 Saurav Shrestha PA Management Expert SDIC Nepal 13 Anil Kumar Ram Ranger BaNP 14 Kripal Chaudhary CCF TAL PABZ 15 Chitra Bahadur Malla Treasurer Kohalpur BZUC 16 Chabi Lal Pande Member Kohalpur BZUC 17 Rajan Pandit Ranger BaNP 18 Akshya Chadhary Ranger BaNP 19 Bishnu Kumari Adhikari Assistant Planning Offi cer Ministry of Forest and Soil conservation (MoFSC) 20 Bimala Bhusal Section Offi cer DNPWC 21 Pramod Kumar Yadav Asst. Conservation Offi cer BaNP 22 Rabin Chaudhary ACO BaNP 23 Kun Narayan Chaudhary Ranger BaNP 24 Labjung Thapa Na Su BaNP 25 Mohan Sapkota Na Su BaNP 26 Padam Bahadur Buda Ranger BaNP 27 Ran Bahadur Thapa Kharidar BaNP 28 Dilli Ram Dhakal Acting Lt. Colonel Gorakhdal Gan Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 177 Annex XIV-4 : Participants of BZMC meeting 2074/02/20 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Gehendra Kumar Khadka Chairperson BZMC 2 Sabitra Pun Chairperson Kohalpur BZUC 3 Krishna B. Chaudhary Chairperson Deurali-Hariyali BZUC 4 Shiva Kumar Rana Chairperson Dhakeri BZUC 5 Gambar Bahadur Gharti Chairperson Furke Sallli Malai BZUC 6 Chet Bahadur Buda Secretary Madhyabindu BZUC 7 Thaman B. Bhandari Treasurer Rapti BZUC 8 Dil B. Purja Pun CCO BaNP 9 Jayendra K.C. Lt. Colonel, Gorakh Dal Gan Nepal Army 10 Pawan Gautam Field Coordinator ZSL Nepal 11 Kripal Chaudhary Field Offi cer TAL Program 12 Labjung Thapa Nayab Subba BaNP 13 Puskar Raj Basnet Computer Operator BaNP 14 Lal B. Bhandari ACO BaNP 15 Sarmila Nepal Ranger BaNP 16 Krishna Lal Chaudhary Chairperson CBAPU-Network 17 Prem B. Pun Secretary Kohalpur BZUC Annex XIV-5 : Participants of the staff meeting 2074/02/30 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Dil B. Purja Pun CCO BaNP 2 Lal B. Bhandari ACO BaNP 3 Rabin Chaudhary ACO BaNP 4 Pramod Kumar Yadav ACO BaNP 5 Mohan Sapkota Nayab Subba BaNP 6 Labjung Thapa Nayab Subba BaNP 7 Kunnarayan Chaudhary Ranger BaNP 8 Ran B. Thapa Kharidar BaNP 9 Biju Paudel Ranger BaNP 10 Saurav Shrestha PA Management Expert SDIC Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan178 Annex XIV-6 : Participants of the meeting 2074/04/14 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Dil B. Purja Pun CCO BaNP 2 Man Bahadur Ruchal Chairperson Baijanath Rural Municipality 3 Gehendra Kumar Khadka Chairperson BZMC 4 Vagiram Chaudhary Chairperson Dangisaran Rural Municipality 5 Rajan K.C. Major Shree Shree Mehar Battallion 6 Sabitra Pun Chairperson Kohalpur BZUC 7 Pramod Kumar Yadav ACO BaNP 8 Krishna Lal Chaudhary Chairperson CBAPU-Network 9 Dhani Kumari Khatri Vice Chairperson Rapti Sonari Rural Municipality 10 Chandra B.Oli Ward Chairperson Rapti Sonari Rural Municipality 11 Juleena Joshi Account and Admin Offi cer SDIC 12 Gangadatta Jaisi Operator Gaver valley Homestay 13 Bhimsingh Rokaya Member CBAPU 14 Padam B. Buda Ranger BaNP 15 Krishna Khadka Senior Game Scout BaNP 16 Khagendra Chhatyal Senior Game Scout BaNP 17 Chandra B. Buda Game Scout BaNP 18 Sarmila Nepal Ranger BaNP 19 Lokendra Buda Game Scout BaNP 20 Santa B. Bika Game Scout BaNP 21 Shiva Kumar Rana Chairperson Dhakeri BZUC 22 Bal Bahadur GM Chairperson Rapti BZUC 23 Pawan Gautam Field Coordinator ZSL Nepal 24 Subhadra Sharma Assistant Botanist District Plant Offi ce 25 Tek Bahadur Nepali Assistant Forest Offi cer District forest Offi ce, Banke 26 Ambika Pd. Khatiwada OIC NTNC 27 Saurav Shrestha PA Management Expert SDIC 28 Gammer B. Gharti Chairperson Furkesalli Malai BZUC 29 Subed Yami Rapti Sonari Rural Municipality 30 Anil kumar Ram Ranger BaNP 31 Biju Paudel Ranger BaNP 32 Lal B. Bhandari Asst. Conservation Offi cer BaNP 33 Rabin Chaudhary Asst. Conservation Offi cer BaNP 34 Harka B. Bista Chairperson Madhyabindu BZUC 35 Pralad Khadka Field Offi cer TAL-CBRP, WWF Nepal 36 Kripal Chaudhary Field Offi cer TAL-PABZ 37 Ram B. Rawat Journalist Pipalbot Dainik 38 Amrita K.C. Chairperson Nepal Tourism Press Association 39 Kamala Hamal Journalist Krishnasar FM, Nepalgunj Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan 179 Annex XIV-7 : Participants of fi nal sharing meeting at DNPWC Date: 2074/06/23 S.N. Name Designation Organization 1 Man Bahadur Khadka Director General DNPWC 2 Gopal Prakash Bhattari Deputy Director General DNPWC 3 Dr. Maheswor Dhakal Chief, Biodiversity and Environment division Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation 4 Sher Singh Thagunna Deputy Director General DNPWC 5 Shyam Bajimaya Former Director General DNPWC 6 Sidhartha Badracharya Executive Offi cer NTNC 7 Barun Bahadur Thapa Former Chief Conservation Offi cer DNPWC 8 Bed Kumar Dhakal Chief Conservation Offi cer ShNP 9 Laxman Prasad Paudel Ecologist DNPWC 10 Tularaj Sunuwar Under Secretary DNPWC 11 Bishnu Prasad Shrestha Conservation Education Offi cer DNPWC 12 Sushma Rana Investigation Offi cer DNPWC 13 Dr. Naresh Subedi Senior Manager NTNC 14 Dr. Salu Adhikari Biodiversity Advisor HB/WWF Nepal 15 Bhogendra Rayamajhi Senior Programme Offi cer ZSL Nepal 16 Bhawaraj Joshi Under Secretary DNPWC 17 Puspa Pandey Programme Offi cer WWF Nepal 18 Rupak Maharjan Asst. Investigation Offi cer DNPWC 19 Krishna Prasad Bhusal Vulture Conservation Offi cer BCN 20 Bhupendra Prasad Yadav Asst. Ecologist DNPWC 21 Ek Narayan Sharma Account Offi cer DNPWC 22 Pramila Neupane Ranger DNPWC 23 Sarita Lama Ranger DNPWC 24 Kabita Bhandari Computer Operator DNPWC 25 Dil Bahadur Purja Pun Chief Conservation Offi cer BaNP 26 Saurav Shrestha Consultant SDIC 27 Bishnu Prasad Thapaliya Asst. Management Offi cer DNPWC Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan180 S.N. Name Designation Offi ce 1 Dil Bahadur Purja Pun CCO/Team Leader BaNP 2 Bishnu Pd. Thapaliya Assistant Management Offi cer/member DNPWC 3 Sarswoti Sapkota Assistant Planning Offi cer/member DNPWC 4 Lal Bahadur Bhandari ACO BaNP 5 Saurav Shrestha Consultant/Management Plan Preparation Expert SDIC 6 Bhola Nath Dhakal GIS Expert DNPWC 7 Tika Ram Poudel Consultant/BZ SDIC 8 Smrita Acharya Support staff SDIC 9 Sunam Shrestha Support staff SDIC 10 Ushma Gyawali Support staff SDIC Management Plan Preparation Team Reviewer of the Management Plan Annex-XV Annex-XVI S.N. Name Designation Offi ce 1 Man Bahadur Khadka Director General DNPWC 2 Gopal P. Bhattarai Deputry Director General DNPWC 3 Shyam Bajimaya Former DG/PA Managemet Expert Free lance Expert 4 Ganesh Pant CCO Sagarmatha NP Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan182 Banke National Park and its Buffer Zone Management Plan182