Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Policy

WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY 2019 On This 3rd Day of May 2019. This Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Policy for Taraba State is hereby Approved His Excellency, Arc. Darius Dickson Ishaku (FNIA). Governor, Taraba State. Acronyms 5 Policy Background. 7 Preface. 8 Definition of Terms: 10 Executive Summary. 16 INTRODUCTION: Background for Policy Development. 19 CHAPTER TWO: Taraba State Overview. 23 CHAPTER THREE: Need for Policy. 28 CHAPTER FOUR: Policy Objectives, Goals, Targets and Consumption Standards. 34 CHAPTER FIVE: Policy Strategies. 47 CHAPTER SIX: Policy Statements. 57 CHAPTER SEVEN: WSS Institutional Arrangements. 60 CHAPTER EIGHT: Sustainability and Financing Issues. 82 CONCLUSION. 87 Table of Contents TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 5 CPS Citizens Participation System CBOs Community Based Organisations CDAs Community Development Associations CSOs Civil Society Organisations E-WASH Effective Water Sanitation and Hygiene Services ESA External Support Agencies ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment FBO Faith Based Organisations FGN Federal Government of Nigeria HDI Human Development Index FMWR Federal Ministry of Water Resources GESI Gender Equity and Social Inclusion ISSC Integrated State Steering Committee JMP Joint Monitoring Programme M&E Monitoring and Evaluation LGA Local Government Area IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management NSDWQ Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIS Nigerian Industrial Standard SON Standard Organisation of Nigeria NWSP National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy MDAs Ministries and Development Agencies SDGs Sustainable Development Goals NUWSRP National Urban Water Sector Reform Programme NCWS National Council for Women Societies NEWSAN Network for Water and Sanitation in Nigeria NEEDS National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy List of Acronyms TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)6 TEPA Taraba Environmental Protection Agency IDAMC Internally Delegated Area Management Contract UBRBDA Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority TAWASCO Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation TSAWSSRC Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regulation and Control ODF Open Defecation Free O&M Operation and Maintenance STOWASSA Small-Town Water Supply and Sanitation Agency PPP Private Public Partnership or Public Public Partnerships SEEDS State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy SEMA State Emergency Management Agency TSHA Taraba State House of Assembly RDM Resource Directed Measures RWSS Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector RUWASSA Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency UNICEF United Nations Children Fund DFID Department for International Development VLOM Village Level Operation and Maintenance WB World Bank WSP Water Service Provider WSSP Water and Sanitation Services Provider UNDP United Nations Development Programme USAID United States Agency for International Development UfW Unaccounted for Water WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WASHCOM Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Committee WES Water and Environmental Sanitation WIMAG Water Investment Mobilization and Application Guidelines WCF Water Customer Forum WSS Water Supply and Sanitation WCA Water Consumer Association TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 7 Policy Background This Taraba State Water Supply and Sanitation (WASH) Policy is a review of the WASH Policy developed in November 2015 by an Inter-Ministerial Committee set up by the then Taraba State Honourable Commissioner for Water Resources and Rural Development. In February 2019, the Taraba State Government with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Effective Water Sanitation, and Hygiene Services (E-WASH) agreed to review the WASH Policy document. The Inter-Ministerial State Steering Committee chaired by the Secretary to the State Government and included the membership of all water related Ministries was inaugurated. The Committee com- prised Senior officers from the Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Minis- try of Health, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Budget, Planning & Statistics , Ministry of Education, Ministry of Information & Reorientation, Taraba State Water & Sewerage Corporation, Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs, Taraba State Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Women Af- fairs & Child Development, Ministry of Urban & Town Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Taraba State Planning Commission, National Council of Women Society, Society for Water & Sanitation in Nige- ria, Water Customers Forum. The Committee is saddled with the duty of reviewing the 2nd draft with the aim of updating data and ensuring all issues and gaps identified by the E-WASH Institu- tional and Policy Assessment Report 2018 was corrected. The 2nd draft review document was subjected to stakeholders’ discussions at a workshop organ- ised in 23rd to 26th April 2019 in Jalingo, the Taraba State capital. It was attended by represen- tatives of water users and customers in the State, as well as top Government officials including serving Permanent Secretaries. The result of the workshop is a draft policy validation which broadly captures the views and opin- ions of all stakeholders including state government bodies and presented to the Executive Gover- nor for approval. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)8 Preface It is with great pleasure to present to the good people of Taraba State, the “Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Policy”. The development of this Policy is the reflection of the emphasis which Taraba State Govern- ment places on provision of WASH services to all citizens of the state, in Urban, Small Towns and Rural communities in a well-coordinated manner through Public / Private Water and Sanitation Service Providers (WSSP). The Government of Taraba State is focused and committed to the promotion of private sec- tor-led development, as demonstrated in its efforts towards ensuring policy stability and creating an investor-friendly environment that gives assurance to businesses. The State does not only have a welcoming and cosmopolitan people but also provides peace and quiet environment for investors. It is relatively free from communal strife and youth res- tiveness that often threatens security of investment. The WASH Policy represents an integral part of the overall strategy designed to put the is- sue of water, sanitation and hygiene in the appropriate perspective duly located within the context of all international resolutions, national policy framework and local water demand dynamics. The WASH Policy therefore encapsulates the rational, strategic content, dramatis personae, institutional framework that synergizes to achieve the WASH Vision efforts to: “develop the water resources management of the State to meet domestic, industrial and irrigation demand require- ments and ………” “……to ensure that all cities, towns and villages in the State become totally sanitized, healthy and livable. To guar- antee and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all residents with a special focus on effective, water, sanitation, hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the poor and women.” TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 9 The Policy is a stakeholder participatory process adopted to provide the citizens an ultimate document on water, sanitation and hygiene. This process was facilitated by an Inter-Ministeri- al Committee of top-class technocrats, who traverse the entire WASH sector tasked with the duty to produce a document, focusing on time tested principles, guidelines and strategies for efficient WASH services and sustainable environmental resources management. This Policy allocates water rights appropriately among stakeholders. It also imbibes interna- tional best practices in the sector and spells out responsibilities to all within a strategic and institutional framework that epitomises the dreams and desires of Taraba State citizens. Signed, Emmanuel Hallan Gowon Esq. Hon. Commissioner for Water Resources TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)10 37 Definition of Terms For the purpose of this Policy: Basic service means a protected, year-round supply of water and sanitation services. Access to water supply is defined by a set of parameters as listed below: • Regularity (Time): how frequent is the service available to people and when; • Sufficiency (Quantity): how much water is available per person (the level of service); • Safety (Quality): what is the quality of water and service available (NSDWQ); Water Safety Plan. • Distance: how far people must travel to access safe water? Sustainable access has two components with respect to water: One stands for environmen- tal sustainability, the other for functional sustainability. 5000 Litters per capital per day 30 people with minimum supply standard of A rural water supply scheme is defined as a simple scheme serving a 5000- 20000 Litters per capital per day 60 people with minimum supply standard of A small-town water supply scheme is defined as a simple s cheme serving a Litters per capital per day 80 people with minimum supply standard of An urban water supplyscheme is defined as a simple scheme serving a 20000 TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 11 • environmental sustainability is the protection and management of water sources through lim- iting extraction of water to a capacity below what is available. • Functional sustainability is defined in terms of governance, supply and management of utili- ties. Access to Sanitation: The basic level of service is at least one sanitary latrine to serve one house- hold (average is 6 persons per household) in the community; and six sanitary latrines to 50 per- sons in the school environment. Public sanitary facilities must be accessible within 200 meters of need. Affordability: how much do people have to pay for the service, particularly in relation to their income? The extent to which prices (e.g., water supply and sanitation) are within the financial means of users is important. An important consideration in service planning relating to choice of service level and pricing. Affordability measures relate to average household water charges to average household’s income. The standard measurement is that households are not expected to spend more than 5% of income on water and sewerage. Community: The people living in a place and usually linked by common interests. Cross-Subsidy: A pricing strategy in which some users pay below average tariff (subsidized), while others pay above average tariff (subsidizers). Cross subsidies are commonly used in the water and sanitation sector to provide basic services at low or no cost to the poor. Demand-Responsive Approaches: An approach to infrastructure service planning in which house- holds or communities select a level of service that corresponds to their needs, preferences, and ability to contribute both to initial capital costs and ongoing operation and maintenance. Drinking Water: All water either in its original state or after treatment, intended for drinking, cooking, food preparation or other domestic purposes, regardless of its origin and whether it is supplied from a drinking water system, or a tanker, or taken from a private source. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)12 All water used in any food production undertaking for the manufacture, processing, preservation or marketing of products or substances intended for human consumption Community Managed Water Systems: On-site or centralized drinking water systems protected, operated and maintained (small maintenance only) by WASHCOM. Drinking Water Quality Control: Water tests conducted on routine basis by the water utility or a water quality expert to ensure that water supplied to the consumers meet the standard. Drinking Water Quality Surveillance: Water tests, sanitary inspections and spot checks conduct- ed by an independent agency to ensure that water utilities and other suppliers meet the Standard (NSDWQ). Drinking Water Service Level: Measure of quality, quantity, accessibility, coverage, affordability and continuity of drinking water supplied to the population. Basins: A Geographical area drained by a single major stream; consists of a drainage system comprised of streams and often natural or man-made lakes. Also referred to as Drainage Basin, Watershed, or Hydrographic Region. Drainage Basin Part of the surface of the earth that is occupied by a drainage system, which consists of a surface stream or water body together with all tributary surface streams and water bodies. The term is used synonymously with watershed, river basin, or catchment. Groundwater Resource: A groundwater reservoir which may take the form of a single aquifer or a group of linked aquifers. Independent Providers (WSSP): Private entrepreneurs who provide supply service, for example; water supply or sanitation services to customers for negotiated prices. Contrast with public utili- ties or agencies. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 13 Kiosk: A stationary vending location, typically staffed by an attendant, where water is sold or distributed by the container. Latrine: a receptacle (as a pit in the earth) for use as a toilet Pour-flush toilet: a type of latrine where a water seal trap is used to prevent smells and to check flies and mosquitoes. It is used where water is the common form of anal-cleansing. Integrated Water Resource Management: IWRM is a process that promotes the coordinated de- velopment and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resul- tant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. Improved drinking water sources: is defined in terms of the types of technology and levels of services that are more likely to provide safe water than unimproved technologies. Improved water sources include household connections, public standpipes, boreholes, protected dug wells, pro- tected springs, and rainwater collections. Unimproved water sources: includes unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels), cart with small tank/drum, tanker-truck, bottled where combined with an unimproved source, and any other type of supply. Improved sanitation facilities are defined in terms of the types of technology and levels of ser- vices that are designed to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. An “improved toilet facility” includes only the following- Flush/pour flush toilet connected to piped sewer system, Flush/pour flush toilet connected to a septic tank, Flush/pour-flush latrine con- nected to a pit, Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine, Simple pit latrine with slab (slab that can be cleaned), Composting toilet, Shared facility of the improved type, accessible and hygienic Unimproved Sanitation facilities: are facilities which do not ensure separation of human excreta from human contact, example are: Flush/pour-flush latrine that empties elsewhere without con- nection to a piped sewage system, septic tank, or pit, Flush/pour-flush latrine with unknown drain- TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)14 age, Pit latrine without slab/open pit, Bucket latrine (where excreta are manually removed), Hang- ing toilet/latrine, Shared facility of the improved type or no signs of access or not hygienic, Open defecation in field or bush, into plastic bags (‘flying toilets’), and any other type of defecation Sanitation: For our purpose, sanitation is the safe management of human excreta, including its safe confinement treatment, disposal and associated hygiene-related practices. While this policy pertains to management of human excreta and associated public health and environmental im- pacts, it is recognized that integral solutions need to consider other elements of environmental sanitation, i.e. solid waste management; generation of industrial and other specialized / hazardous wastes; drainage; the management of drinking water supply. Adequate Sanitation: An Adequate sanitation must meet social, cultural, technological, user sat- isfaction and environment friendly criteria. Adequate sanitation means access to safe excreta dis- posal facilities, services to households, public facilities, and disposal of liquid and solid waste with- out contamination of water sources that can lead to health hazards to people and deterioration of the environment Water Service Provider: an organization or person engaged in the processes, activities, means and resources necessary for abstracting, treating, distributing or supplying drinking water and for providing the associated services. water service providers are usually State Water Agencies. Sewage, Sewer, Sewerage: Sewage is the effluent in a pipe network; Sewer is the conduit - usually a pipe - used to carry off water and waste matter; Sewerage is the complete system of sewers. Subsidies: a grant by a government to a person or company to assist an enterprise, generally to supplement the low income in securing services. Standpipe: A pipe riser with a tap (faucet) used as a source of water delivery, usually strategically located to ensure ease of access to the public. Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP) a dry latrine system, with a screened vent pipe to trap flies and often with double pits to allow use on a permanent rotating basis. Considered a safe, hygienic TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 15 means of excreta disposal. Water Supply Regulators: Independent regulatory bodies that monitor the performance of water utilities or any other water supply operators and ensure that the water supply complies with qual- ity standard and service levels Water Source: means either groundwater or surface water. Surface water includes streams, rivers, lakes or reservoirs. Ground water includes springs, wells or boreholes Water Safety Plan: Essential actions that are the responsibility of the drinking water provider in order to ensure that drinking water is safe. These are: system assessment; effective operational monitoring; and management. Water Vendors: These are persons or organizations selling water to households or at collection points. Vendors may carry drinking water for sale directly to the customer by tanker trucks, wheel- barrows /trolleys or donkey carts. Willingness to pay is the maximum price or below which a customer will buy water supplied and/ or sanitation service. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)16 Executive Summary This is the Second Taraba State Water Supply and Sanitation policy expressing the determination of the State Government to improve water and sanitation services delivery in the State. In the past,the absence of a sector policy has contributed to slow progress in the sector. Approximately 84% of the population living in the State lack adequate coverage of water supply, sanitation and hygiene facilities. In the absence of a comprehensive policy, the sector has suffered from poor coordination in the implementation of projects, weak institutional capacity, and undefined or overlapping roles for various sector stakeholders. Combined with other problems, this has culminated in continued poor water supply and sanitation service delivery in the state. A Baseline Study which focused on Taraba state WASH sector level diagnostic analysis, gap anal- ysis and action planning of institutional, policy, regulatory/legal and governance framework was conducted by USAID (E-WASH).1 The Baseline report identified the need for Taraba State Government to review the policy and leg- islative frameworks to provide enabling environment for private financing to improve the systems (institutions and service providers) that can support existing infrastructure in order to effectively provide services.2 These challenges highlight the urgent need for serious changes in the sector and the introduction of a policy to give direction and impetus to the reform process. This policy, which has been devel- oped with the assistance of the USAID/E-WASH, provides the required framework for improved water and sanitation service delivery in Taraba State within the context of the National Water and Sanitation Policy and in line with the State Sustainable Development Goals (2030). 1Dr Dennis Mwanza, Chief of Party, USAID ‘E- WASH Institutional Policy Assessment of Taraba State of Nigeria draft report (December 2018)’, p3, para1.3.1 2Ibid p6. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 17 This policy has been developed through a participatory approach to ensure that it is comprehen- sive and will provide effective coordination of all stakeholders in the sector. It applies the princi- ples of integrated water resources management for sustainable delivery of water and sanitation services. Successful implementation of the policy, including institutional reform, increased private sector participation and stronger community participation in water and sanitation service delivery to ur- ban, small towns and rural areas, will ensure water supply and sanitation is accessible to all citizens of the State. The second amendment of Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy is to ensure that citizens have access to adequate safe water and basic sanitation; provided at an affordable cost in a sustainable manner in order to promote their health, dignity, economic well-being and improved livelihood. The main Policy objectives are: To provide guide and direction in institutional, economic and legal reforms that will lead to improved water governance at all levels throughout the State. To improve access to safe and adequate water supply and provide adequate sanitation and hygiene in an affordable and sustainable way for the people of Taraba State. To embed and promote integrated water resources management principles and practice in the management of the water resources within the State. i ii iii TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)18 This policy is divided into nine chapters. Chapter One is Introductory and gives background information on the Taraba State policy de- velopment describing the purpose, justification and objective of the policy document. Chapter Two gives an overview of Taraba State featuring the historic creation, people, econo- my and demography. Chapter Three explains and makes a case of the need for a WSS policy document, Chapter Four outlines the Principles, Objectives and Goals of this policy, Chapter Five is on Strategies to implement the policy, Chapter Six contains Policy Statements. Chapter Seven highlights the Roles and Responsibilities of all stakeholders in the WSS sector; Chapter Eight discusses Sustainability and Financing issues Conclusion part discusses the way forward. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 19 INTRODUCTION: Background for Policy Development Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Policy aims to provide a framework for en- gagement in the sector in support of its core business: water supply and sanitation services to urban, small towns and rural areas. While not an operational plan, it is guided by ongoing water sector reforms and is based on established processes for the management of water resources in an integrated manner within the context of Taraba State in Nigeria. It sets out policy objectives to address issues on sector coordination, funding, financial flows, technology choice, community management, operation, maintenance, and mechanisms for sustainable service delivery. The policy aims to provide context for involvement and participation by Federal and State MDAs, External Support Agencies, NGOs and the private sector in the development and utilization of water resources, human resources; water research and development; information management, monitoring and evaluation within the water and sanitation sector in the State. In addition, it aims to articulate how Taraba State should be involved and engaged in hygiene and health promotion. This policy document domesticates relevant provisions in the National Water and Sanitation Poli- cy, and its development was driven by local stakeholders, whose inputs (gathered through several participatory meetings), have been widely reflected. The content of this policy also reflects and conforms to the goals, objectives and aspirations expressed in the Taraba State WASH Vision 2030. It also focuses on taking the state achievement on SDG as it relates to water and sanitation sector in the state beyond 2015. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)20 POLICY CONTEXT: Policy Purpose and Impetus The Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy is directed towards achieving sustainable growth and development of the water and sanitation sector in the State. The policy takes into cognizance the overarching role of water to the economy of any place and therefore provide opportunities for stakeholders to seek, explore and pursue the desired reform processes for improved Water and Sanitation service delivery in Taraba State within the context of the National Water and Sanitation Policy. The framework and path provided by this policy will without doubt ensure sustainable development, operation and management of Water and Sanita- tion service delivery in Taraba State. The policy sets out principles that shall be applied in the management of water and sanitation in the State which include but not limited to the following: • Emphasize the crucial importance of water supply and sanitation for human health and eco- nomic development. • Confirm that fundamental rights of all citizens to have access to water supply and improved sanitation. • Confirm the responsibilities of the State in organizing and overseeing the provision of services to all, including the need for the State to provide financial support to improve service delivery and to assist in ensuring the sustainability of services. • Recognize the need to deliver services reliably, efficiently and at an affordable cost • Highlight the need to gradually introduce the Cost Recovery Principle. • Specify the requirements for Good Governance that must be applied in the operation and management of the sector. Main Policy Goal and Objectives The overall goal of Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy is to ensure that adequate safe water, basic sanitation and hygiene is available and provided to her citizens at an affordable cost in a sustainable manner in order to promote their health, dignity, economic well-being and improved livelihood. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 21 The main Policy objectives are: 1. To provide guide and direction in institutional, economic and legal reforms that will lead to improved water governance at all levels throughout the State. 2. To improve access to safe and adequate water supply and provide adequate sanitation and hygiene in an affordable and sustainable way for the people of Taraba State. 3. To embed and promote integrated water resources management principles and practice in the management of the water resources within the State. The specific Policy objectives of Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy are: 1. To provide safe water, effective sanitation and hygiene. 2. To increase access to safe water and effective sanitation and hygiene for all residents in Taraba State using technologies with low maintenance costs. 3. To reduce the incidence of water-related diseases. 4. To provide a strategic framework for the design and sustainable implementation of integrated interventions in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector. 5. To stimulate increased investment and funding in the sector. 6. To develop innovative solutions to water, sanitation and hygiene challenges. 7. To promote market principles and encourage private sector participation in the sector. Policy Vision Statement To manage the State’s abundant water resources in an integrated and efficient manner to ensure safe, sustainable, un- interrupted, accessible and affordable water supply, sanitation and hygiene services to her residents. Policy Mission Statement To ensure effective planning and coordina- tion of the water sector that unequivocally result in the delivery of sustainable, acces- sible and affordable safe water, sanitation and hygiene services to the residents of Taraba State. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)22 Justification for Policy Initiative The Taraba State WASH Policy (2015) did not comprehensively address and provide solutions to the challenges that confronted the water sector in the State in past years. Consequently, the need was identified for a comprehensive Water and Sanitation Policy for the State that will guide the process of reforms to improve the water and sanitation services in a sustainable way in the State. In addition, it is necessary to domesticate the National Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy to reflect the SDGs. A Taraba State Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy is put forward to address common issues and problems confronting the sector, which include lack of direction defining the strategic aims of the sector, weak institutional and regulatory framework for administration and service delivery, limited mandate for Local Government WASH Units or Departments, poor maintenance culture for existing facilities, absence of a deliberate policy toward addressing the peculiarities of water, sanitation and hygiene challenges in the communities, high operating and maintenance costs, inadequate human resource and capacity, weak sector coordination, inadequate funding, poor revenue collection, inadequate and low investment in water infrastructure, limited private sector participation in the sector in the State. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 23 CHAPTER TWO: Taraba State Overview Taraba State was created out of the former Gongola State on 27th August 1991 by the Military Government under General Ibrahim Babangida. The State is named after the Taraba River which traverses the southern part of the state.3 Taraba is popularly called “Nature’s Gift to the Nation”. The Capital of the State is situated in Jalingo. The state has 16 Local Government Areas: Ardo-Kola, Bali, Donga, Gashaka, Gassol, Ibi, Jalingo, Karim-Lamido, Kurmi, Lau, Sardauna, Takum, Ussa, Wukari, Yorro, Zing. Two (2) Special Development Areas: Yangtu and Ngada K/L A M ID O LAU YORRO ZGJALINGO A/KOLA GASSOL BALI GASHAKA WUKARI IBI DONGA TAKUM KARUMI SARDAUNA USSA 3http://tarabastate.gov.ng/. Accessed 4 April 2019 TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)24 4Nigerian Bureau of Statistics official website Demography Based on the 2006 population census, the state has a total population of 2,300,736 (1,199,849 males and 1,100,887 females) and an estimated projection of about 3,318,238 by 2019.4 The to- tal population of the State represents about 1.6% of the total population of Nigeria. This is quite significant considering that the other 35 states including the FCT make up 98.4% of the total population. It has been estimated that about 70% of the population live in rural areas. The 2006 population and the projected 2011 population of the state are presented in table below; S/N LGA 2006 Population 2011 projected population (3.2% annual growth rate) Rural (70%) Urban (30%) Total (100%) Rural (70%) Urban (30%) Total (100%) 1 Ardo Kola 60,845 26,076 86,921 68,633 29,414 98,047 2 Bali 146,255 62,681 208,936 164,976 70,704 235,680 3 Donga 93,878 40,233 134,111 105,894 45,383 151,277 4 Gashaka 61,447 26,334 87,781 69,312 29,705 99,017 5 Gassol 171,324 73,425 244,659 193,183 82,793 275,975 6 Ibi 58,838 25,216 84054 66,369 28,444 94,813 7 Jalingo 97,892 41,954 139846 110,422 47,324 157,746 8 K/Lamido 137,097 58,756 195,853 141,484 60,636 202,120 9 Kurmi 64,072 27,459 91,531 72,2,73 30,934 103,207 10 Lau 67,613 28,977 96,590 76,268 32,686 108,954 11 Sardauna 157,106 67,331 224,437 177,216 75,949 253,165 12 Takum 94,744 40,605 135,349 106,872 45,802 152,674 13 Ussa 65,112 27,905 93,017 73,446 31,477 104,923 14 Wukari 169,082 72,464 241,546 190,725 81,739 272,464 15 Yorro 62,587 26,823 89,410 70,600 30,256 100,855 16 Yangtu Dev. Ar-ea 14,177 6,076 7,533 7,762 768 8,530 17 Zing 89,154 38,209 127,363 100,565 43,100 143,665 Total = 16 LGAs+ YDA 1,601,223 640,524 2,241,757 1,664,519 898,591 2,563,112 TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 25 People and Culture Taraba is a highly heterogeneous, multi ethnic state with about eighty indigenous ethnic groups speaking different languages. Some of the major ethnic groups include Chamba, Fulani, Ichen, Jukun, Jenjo, Kuteb, Mumuye, Mambilla and Wurkum. Geography: Taraba state lies between latitudes 6.0 and 8.5 degrees north of the equator and longitudes 9.0 and 14.0 degrees east of the Meridian. The State is bounded in the North by Gombe and Bauchi states, East and North East by Adamawa state, West by Nasarawa state, North -West by Plateau state, South-West by Benue state and South by the Republic of Cameroun. It occupies a total land- mass of 60,291.82 Square Kilometres and is the 3rd largest State in Nigeria in terms of landmass. Geology and Hydrology Geologically, 6 LGAs (Karim-Lamido, Lau, Gassol, Ibi, Donga and Wukari) are located on the sed- imentary formations referred as the Upper and Middle Benue Sedimentary Terrain. The Benue Valley Formations extend from the North East (Lau, Karim Lamido and Gassol LGAs) to the West (Ibi LGA) and South West (Wukari and Donga LGA) of the State. These areas lie on the Taraba borders with Gombe, Bauchi, Nasarawa and Benue states. The Benue Valley Sedimentary Formations consist of sands and sandstones, clays and shales, silts and siltstones, mudstones, limestone, barites of with their geological ages ranging from Ordovi- cian (oldest) to Tertiary, Quaternary and recent (youngest) ages. Most of these Formations are thought to be of marine and fluvio lacustrine series with intrusions of Tertiary basalts. Borehole data shows progressive thickness and depths, being deeply seated and higher thickness to the west and southwest wards from the northeast. These rocks cover about 30% of the entire geo- graphical area of the entire state. Most of the state (about 70%) is however underlain by the crystalline Basement Complex of North- ern Nigeria and are found in Zing, Yorro, Jalingo, Ardo-Kola, Bali, Gashaka, Sardauna, Kurmi, Ussa, Takum and some parts of Gassol, Donga and Wukari LGAs. The crystalline Basement Complex rocks comprise older granites, migmatites, gneisses, meta-sediments, volcanic basalts, with the Tertiary volcanic rocks localized on the Mambila Plateau. All these rocks belong to the Precambri- an and lower Paleozoic to Tertiary ages. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)26 In terms of hydrology and hydrogeology the state is endowed with great potentials of both sur- face and ground water. Both the Basement and Sedimentary rocks underlying Taraba State have ground water resourc- es potentials, especially the sedimentary Formations and those crystalline Basement Complex rocks that have been affected by tectonic, physical, chemical and biological weathering to greater depths in the subsurface. In most parts of the state including the Mambila Plateau the water resource potentials is high with recharge from the numerous rivers, springs and high annual rainfalls. Both the ground and surface water resources potentials of the state are very invaluable for do- mestic, agriculture, industrial, recreation and navigation (transportation), once they are effectively harnessed, sustainably managed and protected for the development of the state. Weather/Climate Taraba State has a wet and dry climate; the wet season lasts, on the average from April to October with mean annual rainfall that varies between 1058mm in the north around Jalingo and Zing, to over 1300mm in the South around Serti and Takum. The wettest months are August and Septem- ber.5 The dry season lasts from November to March with the driest months are December and January with relative humidity dropping to about 15 percent. Mean annual temperature around Jalingo is about 28°C with maximum temperatures varying be- tween 30°C and 39.4°C and minimum temperatures range between 15°C to 23°C. The Mambilla Plateau has climatic characteristics typical of a temperate region. 5https://www.cometonigeria.com/region/north-east/taraba-state/. Accessed 4 April 2019. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 27 Economy: The major occupation of the people of Taraba State is agriculture. Cash crops produced in the state include coffee, tea, groundnuts and cotton. Crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, millet, cassa- va, sesame seed and yam are also produced in commercial quantities. The people also undertake livestock activities. The state is among the leading states in production of livestock with its dairy farms at Jalingo, Gembu and Nguroje. Communities living on the banks of River Benue, River Taraba, River Donga and Ibi engage in fishing all year round. Other occupational activities engaged in various parts of the state include pottery, cloth-weaving, dyeing, mat- making, carving, embroidery and blacksmithing. Education Taraba is fairly blessed in terms of literacy and experiencing an increase in the number of private schools. The State has 2164 Primary (1656 Public and 508 Private) Schools6, 706 Secondary (294 Public and 412 Private) Schools, 3 Universities, 2 Study Centers (National Open University and NTI) 2 Polytechnics, 3 College of Education,2 School of Health Technology, 8 Vocational Training Centers,1 College of Agriculture, and 1 College of Nursing & Midwifery. 6Data from Taraba State Ministry of Education. Accessed 24 April 2019. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)28 CHAPTER THREE: Need for Policy THE REALITY (2015) According to 2015 estimated projection of popoulation of Taraba State 2,925,423 URBAN: 683,000 (23%) SMALL TOWN: 194,627 (7%) RURAL: 2,047,796 (70%) 19,368 (30%) people is estimated to have access to potable water in urban areas in Taraba State 44,764 (23%) people is estimated to have access to potable water in small town in Taraba State 470,932/2,925,423 (16%) of total population with access to potable water 406,800 (19%) people is estimated to have access to potable water in rural areas in Taraba State 16 in 100 or 1 in 6 persons with access to potable water THE REALITY (2019) 3,318,238 URBAN: 763,195 (23%) SMALL TOWN: 232,277 (7%) RURAL: 2,322,767 (70%) 19,368 (30%) people is estimated to have access to potable water in urban areas in Taraba State 53,425 (23%) people is estimated to have access to potable water in small town in Taraba State 556,707/3,318,238 (17%) of total population with access to potable water 464,553 (20%) people is estimated to have access to potable water in rural areas in Taraba State 17 in 100 or 1 in 6 persons with access to potable water According to 2019 estimated projection of popoulation of Taraba State LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE ABOVE (2015) and (2019) REALITY WASH services reached out to more people in Taraba State. There is need to bring in more investment to build WASH infrastructure to meet increasing population. Percentage coverage remained stagnant owing to ever increasing population. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 29 The Need for Integrated and Sustainable Management Water is the elixir of life. It is part of a larger ecological system and vital to the essential environ- ment for sustaining all life forms. It is a basic need for living species especially humans. It must be managed in the most optimal manner so that consumption and development needs are met. As a scarce and precious resource, its usage must be planned, along with conservation and man- agement measures, on an integrated and environmentally sound basis, keeping in view the so- cio-economic needs of the State. In this 21st century, efforts to develop, conserve, utilize and man- age this important resource in a sustainable manner must be guided by the State Government. Moreover, Water, as a finite resource is one and indivisible: rainfall, river waters, surface ponds and lakes and ground water are all part of one system. Planning and implementation of water related projects has many socio-economic aspects and issues such as environmental sustainability, re- settlement and rehabilitation of project-affected people and livestock, public health concerns of water impoundment, dam safety etc. Clear guidelines are necessary in these matters. The Need for Equitable Distribution of Water Resources Complex issues of equity and social justice with regard to water usage and distribution must be addressed systematically to align with the National Action Plan. The Need for Futuristic Planning and Efficient Allocation among Users Expansion of economic activity inevitably leads to increasing demands for water for diverse pur- poses: domestic, commercial, irrigation, hydro-power generation, recreation, etc. So far, the major use of water in the State has been for domestic, livestock, industrial and irrigation purposes. De- mand of water for industrial use has so far largely been concentrated in or near the urban areas or towns. Domestic and industrial water demand is expected to increase sharply as the ongoing WASH re- form and development programmes improve economic conditions and more industries come up. Impounding water for hydropower generation purpose will also increase as the potential in this sector is harnessed. This underscores the need for the utmost efficiency in water utilization and public awareness of the importance of conservation and maintenance of water quality. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)30 The Need to Protect Water Source and Quality Water quality is impacted by untreated or inadequately treated industrial effluents and sewage flowing into rivers thereby affecting the surface and ground water. Since this can adversely af- fect the health of the populace, special attention must be given to the following : Improvements in existing strategies, innovation of new techniques resting on a strong science and technology base are needed to eliminate the pollution of surface and ground water resources, to restore the pristine quality of former years. Technology and training must play important roles in the develop- ment of water resources and their management. Need to set up a Water Supply Regulatory Agency There is a need to set up a body that will serve as an independent umpire between Water Service Providers, Consumers and Government especially in the area of setting standards, fixing tariffs, and resolving issues. Need to Encourage and Define the role of Private Sector in WSS delivery The E-WASH reform program envisages a role for the private sector in service provision, but this role is yet to be defined, articulated and specially spelt out. Policy is expected to address this issue in order to give the private sector comfort for their envisaged roles as the public sector has erstwhile dominated service delivery. Need to adopt the proposed Water Investment and Mobilization Guidelines (WIMAG) The Federal Government of Nigeria is developing a policy for devolving to the state more respon- sibility and finances for the implementation of sectoral projects. This policy is to be known as the Water Investment and Mobilization Guidelines (WIMAG). The yet to be finalized Federal guideline will require States to adopt its legal framework in order to participate and benefit from its imple- mentation. Taraba State needs to proactively adopt the proposed WIMAG guidelines as it may not be possible to review the Taraba State WSS policy to make it WIMAG compliant if the Federal Government approves the WIMAG in the near future. The Policy needs to adopt the guidelines that will ensure that Taraba State participates and ben- efits from this innovation. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 31 The legislature (Taraba State House of Assembly) will play a key role here to usher in the enthrone- ment of better water supply services in the State through their support for reform legislation. ln summary, the objectives of WIMAG are to increase water service coverage, service level improve- ment, reduction of unit cost of providing water while improving water quality and enthroning price equity. The financial performance of existing water facilities will be positively affected to make room for cost recovery and improved efficiency of capital investments. Need to clearly define the role of the Supervising Ministry, and WSS Agencies- for Urban, Small Towns and Rural areas: There is need to set up a coordinating Integrated Ministerial Stakeholders Committee, strengthen all State Agencies directly involved in service provision, with each Ministry formulating policy, while independent institutions provide regulatory role for the sector. Need to set out the roles of all other Stakeholders: NGOs, CDA, WASHCOMs, Communities, External Support Agencies, and Charity Organisation. Water being everyone’s business, all stakeholders should be brought on board with clearly defined roles and mandates. Need to define Agency that should be responsible for Sanitation & Hygiene services in Urban, Small Towns, and Rural areas: Presently, the Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry for Urban Planning & De- velopment, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment oversee sanitation and hygiene in Ur- ban and Small towns. The WASH Unit in the Local Government oversees rural areas. These Agen- cies need to be empowered to function efficiently and effectively. Need to set out the Cost sharing arrangement for Capital and Operation and Maintenance cost in Water and Sanitation Service delivery in Urban, Small Towns and Rural areas: The State has adopted the cost sharing arrangement stated in the National Policy, but this must be reviewed to determine its suitability and applicability in Taraba State context. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)32 Need to fulfill some of the conditions and implement the programme objectives of the USAID (E-WASH) Program: Taraba State is one of the reforming States under a grant support programme from the USAID (E-WASH). The reform programme promotes corporatization and autonomy of the water agency, increased role for the private sector in service provision, implementation of cost recovery mea- sures for the state water utility, increased citizen’s participation in sectoral programmes and the setting up of a Water Supply and Sanitation Regulatory Body. This Policy is expected to address identified objectives. Need to set out the mechanism for financing water infrastructure: The State Urban and Rural Water Agencies like in most other states is underfunded. Policy is ex- pected to identify means of generating adequate funds to meet the Operation, Maintenance and Capital needs of the WSS agencies. Need to set up Government policy on tariff, cost recovery, subsidies etc: Who sets tariffs, how should the tariffs be determined? Should the SWA operate as commercial entity or social service provider? What costs should be recovered and how should they be recov- ered? These are thorny yet crucial issues that policy should address. Key Sanitation Policy Issues 1. Poor Awareness: There is poor awareness about the inherent linkages of sanitation with public health. 2. Social and Occupational aspects of Sanitation: The occupational hazard faced by sanitation workers daily. 3. Clearly defined Institutional Roles and Responsibilities overlaps in institutional roles and re- sponsibilities at State and local government levels as well as communities should be identified and resolved. An Integrated Holistic Approach: Sanitation investments need to be planned in a piece-meal manner, taking into account the full cycle of safe confinement, treatment and safe disposal of waste. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 33 Technology Choices: Technologies need to be focused on options that are cost-effective, and sustainability of investments. Reaching the Un-served and Poor: Urban-poor communities and other residents of informal set- tlements have been constrained by lack of space or economic constraints, in obtaining affordable access to safe sanitation. In this context, the issues of whether services to the poor should be individualized and whether community services should be provided in slums should be addressed. However, provision of individual sanitary ware should be prioritized. In relation to “Pay and Use” sanitary facilities, the issue of subsidies inadvertently reaching the non-poor should be addressed by identifying different categories of urban poor. Demand Responsiveness: Sanitation has been provided by Public Agencies in a supply-driven manner, with little regard for demands and preferences of communities as customers of sanitation service. The Policy recognizes the need of all stakeholders to partake in improving on the existing sanitation service. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)34 CHAPTER FOUR: Policy Objectives, Goals, Targets and Consumption Standards. WASH Vision. The vision of the Taraba State Government is to develop the water resources management of the State to meet domestic, commercial, industrial and irrigation demand requirements. This allows government to improve the quality of lives of its people through easier access to water, better sanitation and hygiene; and their economy through improved agriculture and industry. The vision for Sanitation in Taraba State is also to ensure that all cities, towns and villages in the State become totally sanitized, healthy and livable. To guarantee and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all residents with a special focus on effective, water, sanitation, hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the poor and women. Policy Principles. The underlying principles of the Policy are: a. To promote access to water, sanitation and hygiene, as a fundamental human right which can- not be achieved without potable and affordable water as well as proper and safe sanitation. b. Water is a finite and vulnerable resource, thus requiring an integrated approach to its man- agement. c. Water is a social, economic, and environmental good. Therefore, requires the adoption of effi- cient utilization mechanisms as well as ensuring it is equitably distributed. d. Water services delivery should be “bottom-up and demand-driven” as opposed to “top-down and supply driven” e. Water development and management should be based on participatory approach involving users, planners, and policy makers at all levels. f. Women play a central role in the provision, management and safeguard of water, which should TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 35 be reflected in effective participation at all levels. g. Attention must be paid to effective operation and maintenance. h. Emphasis should be placed on policy development, institutional reform, capacity building, and creation of an enabling legal environment. i. Water and land resources must be managed at the lowest appropriate levels. Policy Objective: The main objective of this WASH Policy shall be to provide potable water, sanitation and hygiene services for the people of the State in an affordable, accessible, efficient and sustainable manner. Goals: The goal is therefore to adopt an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) framework coupled with participatory and open decision-making process. The specific goals of this policy are to: i. Restore the water schemes to their design capacities. ii. Increase accessibility of potable water to the people. iii. Eradicate water-borne diseases. iv. Provide adequate sanitation coverage for improving the quality of life of the people of Taraba State and to provide hygienic environment necessary for healthy life. v. Increase gainful employment through the WSS sector. vi. Low cost of production of drinking water. vii. Attainment of water related SDGs. viii. Consistent supply of safe water towards the total elimination of Water borne diseases. ix. To fulfill the aims and objectives of eradicating open defecation and increase access to porta- ble water and safe sanitation in line with the National Action Plan for 2030. Policy Thrust: The State Government is determined to address the challenge of meeting water-related Sustain- able Development Goals (SDGs) in water resources management and water service delivery. The main focus of this policy is to improve the activities of the State Government Agencies and other service providers in the water and sanitation sector through appropriate institutional frame- TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)36 work that would allow the stakeholders, communities and groups to articulate their interests, ex- ercise their obligations, and rights with respect to water and sanitation service delivery and look into their complaints. The policy of Government shall be to invest directly in the sector and source for additional invest- ments from Development Partners, NGOs, CSOs and the Private Sector. Furthermore, the government will: i. Provide the right policy and a conducive environment for private sector investment in the provision of potable water. ii. Modernize the management of the sector by introducing modern equipment, training, creat- ing enabling environment for multi-stakeholder participation. Targets. i. Increase access to potable water In Urban from the present 30% to 65% by 2030. ii. Increase access to potable water in Small Towns from the present 23% to 62% by 2030 iii. Increase access to potable water in Rural settlements from the present 20% to 50% by 2030. iv. Construct at least five ground water schemes (deepwell, boreholes, springs) annually between 2019 and 2030. v. Provision of Sewage treatment plants in each of the three senatorial districts in the State. vi. Provision of effluent treatment plant in the industrial zone of the state. vii. Provision of water and gender sensitive sanitation in all public schools. Note: Although this Policy is aligned towards the SDG targets, the projection in 4.6 para (i), (ii) and (iii) is based on the MDG targeting process of 50%. Domestic Water Demand: Domestic consumption is estimated based on water demand per capita per day, the water de- mand being dependent on the degree of urbanization and the availability of the water. For Rural areas in Taraba State, a provision of 30 litres per capita per day is assumed, 60 liters per capital perday in Small-Town areas and 80 litres per capita per day in Urban centres. The total water de- mand for Taraba State Domestic Demand is 145 MLD in 2019. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 37 Industrial Water Demand: A total land area should be provided for industries and hospitality infrastructure of about 4,000 hectares, allowing a gross provision of 50 m3 per hectare of land per day for industrial use. This comes to 200,000 m3 of water per day projected for this purpose. Demand Projections: Over the next 25 years, demand for drinking water is expected to grow by at least six times, i.e., from 145 to 870 Ml/day. Such projections are based on conservative assumptions: a. At an average national growth rate of 3.2% per year, the population of Taraba State is expect- ed to roughly have doubled by 2030; b. The current average unit consumption of around 57 litres per person per day could rise to at least 83 litres over the next 25 years – a deliberately cautious assumption; and c. Today’s coverage of (20,23,30) % should be set to possibly reach (50,62,65) % by 2030 - an- other prudent objective. However, depending on expansion assumptions for the network, the total demand could range between 145 and 435 Ml/day by 2030. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)38 PERCENTAGE OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE PER LOCAL GOVERNMENT PER LGA AS AT 31ST MAY,2015 BASED ON THE 2006 TARABA STATE NATIONAL POPULATION FIGURES S/N LGA 2006 Total population 2015 Projected Total LGA Rural popula- tion Rural popu- lation SERVED Rural population UN- SERVED HP BH Motorised solar HD Wall Spring Development Func- tional Non -func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total 1 Ardo kola 86,921 110,474 77,332 8,200 69,132 40 10 50 5 3 8 20 6 26 65 11 2 Bali 208,935 265,549 185,884 39,800 146,084 100 65 165 8 23 31 18 11 29 126 21 3 Donga 134,111 170,451 119,316 57,000 62,316 75 39 114 10 22 32 25 5 30 1 1 110 48 4 Gashaka 87,781 111,567 78,097 26,600 51,497 59 87 146 8 22 30 9 24 33 1 1 76 34 5 Gassol 244,749 311,068 217,784 11,250 206,498 70 50 120 5 6 11 40 17 57 1 1 2 116 5 6 Ibbi 84,054 106,830 74,781 25,100 49,681 57 45 102 6 9 15 20 7 27 83 34 7 Jalingo 139,845 177,738 124,417 33,700 90,717 61 50 111 12 6 18 34 10 44 107 27 8 Karim lamido 195,844 248,911 174,238 12,550 161,688 13 48 61 5 8 13 35 5 40 1 4 5 54 7 9 Kurmi 91,531 116,333 81,433 33,700 47,733 74 87 161 11 16 27 5 38 43 90 41 10 Lay 96,590 122,763 85,934 7,500 78,434 50 67 117 5 4 9 10 5 67 65 9 11 Sardau- na 224,437 285,252 199,676 5,900 193,776 6 13 19 0 20 4 24 14 3 17 40 3 12 Takum 135,349 172,024 120,417 20,400 100,017 48 29 77 4 11 15 20 10 30 72 17 13 Ussa 93,017 118,214 82,750 21,450 61,300 41 10 51 6 3 9 30 10 40 1 78 26 14 Wukari 241,546 306,997 214,898 44,100 170,798 136 156 292 3 20 23 3 2 5 142 21 15 Yorro 89,410 113,637 79,546 28,200 51,346 82 39 121 3 15 18 0 10 10 85 36 16 Yangtu Dev.a 20,253 25,741 18,019 5,050 12,969 8 2 10 2 2 5 5 1 1 16 23 17 Zing 127,363 161,874 113,312 26,300 87,012 56 30 86 7 2 9 25 20 45 88 28 Total 2,301,736 2,925,423 2,047,798 406,800 1,640,998 976 827 1,803 100 170 270 319 236 555 18 10 28 1,413 NOTE: 1 Handpump borehole serves about 300 people 1 motorized/solar borehole serves about 1000 people 1 Hand dug well serves about 100 people 1 Spring water project serves about 150 people TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 39 PERCENTAGE OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE PER LOCAL GOVERNMENT PER LGA AS AT 31ST MAY,2015 BASED ON THE 2006 TARABA STATE NATIONAL POPULATION FIGURES S/N LGA 2006 Total population 2015 Projected Total LGA Rural popula- tion Rural popu- lation SERVED Rural population UN- SERVED HP BH Motorised solar HD Wall Spring Development Func- tional Non -func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total 1 Ardo kola 86,921 110,474 77,332 8,200 69,132 40 10 50 5 3 8 20 6 26 65 11 2 Bali 208,935 265,549 185,884 39,800 146,084 100 65 165 8 23 31 18 11 29 126 21 3 Donga 134,111 170,451 119,316 57,000 62,316 75 39 114 10 22 32 25 5 30 1 1 110 48 4 Gashaka 87,781 111,567 78,097 26,600 51,497 59 87 146 8 22 30 9 24 33 1 1 76 34 5 Gassol 244,749 311,068 217,784 11,250 206,498 70 50 120 5 6 11 40 17 57 1 1 2 116 5 6 Ibbi 84,054 106,830 74,781 25,100 49,681 57 45 102 6 9 15 20 7 27 83 34 7 Jalingo 139,845 177,738 124,417 33,700 90,717 61 50 111 12 6 18 34 10 44 107 27 8 Karim lamido 195,844 248,911 174,238 12,550 161,688 13 48 61 5 8 13 35 5 40 1 4 5 54 7 9 Kurmi 91,531 116,333 81,433 33,700 47,733 74 87 161 11 16 27 5 38 43 90 41 10 Lay 96,590 122,763 85,934 7,500 78,434 50 67 117 5 4 9 10 5 67 65 9 11 Sardau- na 224,437 285,252 199,676 5,900 193,776 6 13 19 0 20 4 24 14 3 17 40 3 12 Takum 135,349 172,024 120,417 20,400 100,017 48 29 77 4 11 15 20 10 30 72 17 13 Ussa 93,017 118,214 82,750 21,450 61,300 41 10 51 6 3 9 30 10 40 1 78 26 14 Wukari 241,546 306,997 214,898 44,100 170,798 136 156 292 3 20 23 3 2 5 142 21 15 Yorro 89,410 113,637 79,546 28,200 51,346 82 39 121 3 15 18 0 10 10 85 36 16 Yangtu Dev.a 20,253 25,741 18,019 5,050 12,969 8 2 10 2 2 5 5 1 1 16 23 17 Zing 127,363 161,874 113,312 26,300 87,012 56 30 86 7 2 9 25 20 45 88 28 Total 2,301,736 2,925,423 2,047,798 406,800 1,640,998 976 827 1,803 100 170 270 319 236 555 18 10 28 1,413 NOTE: 1 Handpump borehole serves about 300 people 1 motorized/solar borehole serves about 1000 people 1 Hand dug well serves about 100 people 1 Spring water project serves about 150 people Source: Bureau for Stattistics and National Population Commission figure of 2006 Census Growth rate of 3.2 TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)40 PERCENTAGE OF SANITATION FACILITIES PERCENTAGE OF RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE PER LGA AS AT 31ST MAY,2015 BASED ON THE TARABA STATE NATIONAL POPULATION FIGURES S/N LGA 2006 Total population Total population 2015 (70%) Total LGA Rural popu- lation 2015 (70%) Rural population SERVED Rural population UN- SERVED SANITATION FACILITIES PROVIDED VIP Latrine Pour Flush Traditional Total No of Functional Facility Percentage coverage (%) Func- tional Non -func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total 1 Ardo kola 86,921 110,474 77,332 18,140 59,192 100 31 131 7 13 20 1,200 200 1,400 1,307 23 2 Bali 208,935 265,549 185,884 24,840 161,044 45 5 50 7 6 13 2,200 13 2,213 2,252 13 3 Donga 134,111 170,451 119,316 26,700 92,616 90 21 111 15 5 20 2,100 30 2,130 2,205 22 4 Gasha- ka 87,781 111,567 78,097 4,950 73,147 40 15 55 25 5 30 2,050 67 2,117 2,115 6 5 Gassol 244,749 311,068 217,784 30,500 187,248 135 15 150 65 25 90 2,100 56 2,156 2,300 14 6 Ibbi 84,054 106,830 74,781 26,500 48,281 55 10 65 60 20 80 2,200 40 2,240 2,315 35 7 Jalingo 139,845 177,738 124,417 12,000 112,417 45 15 60 65 19 84 800 65 865 910 10 8 Karim lamido 195,844 248,911 174,238 31,900 142,338 74 20 94 95 30 125 3,000 48 3,048 3,169 18 9 Kurmi 91,531 116,333 81,433 29,400 52,033 35 10 45 65 15 80 2,600 92 2,692 2,700 36 10 Lay 96,590 122,763 85,934 28,540 57,394 22 8 30 65 10 75 2,550 29 2,579 2,637 32 11 Sardau- na 224,437 285,252 199,676 65,680 133,996 28 7 35 100 30 130 6,200 41 6,241 6,328 33 12 Takum 135,349 172,024 120,417 23,500 96,917 19 11 30 68 17 85 2,100 73 2,173 2,187 20 13 Ussa 93,011 118,214 82,750 9,200 73,550 18 4 22 56 14 70 700 25 725 774 11 14 Wukari 241,546 306,997 214,898 34,060 180,838 45 10 55 58 12 70 3,020 70 3,090 3,123 16 15 Yorro 89,410 113,637 79,546 18,420 61,126 22 8 30 55 5 60 1,605 60 1,605 1,682 23 16 Yangtu Dev.a 20,253 25,741 18,019 6,540 11,479 4 2 6 15 5 20 600 64 664 619 36 17 Zing 127,363 161,874 113,312 37,000 76,312 36 8 44 42 12 54 3,400 90 3,490 3,478 33 Total 2,301,730 2,925,423 2,047,798 427,870 1,619,928 813 200 1,013 863 243 1,106 38,425 1,063 39,488 40,101 224 NOTE: VIP latrine services 60 people Pour flush Latrine serves about 20 people Pit Latrine serves about 10 people TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 41 PERCENTAGE OF SANITATION FACILITIES PERCENTAGE OF RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE PER LGA AS AT 31ST MAY,2015 BASED ON THE TARABA STATE NATIONAL POPULATION FIGURES S/N LGA 2006 Total population Total population 2015 (70%) Total LGA Rural popu- lation 2015 (70%) Rural population SERVED Rural population UN- SERVED SANITATION FACILITIES PROVIDED VIP Latrine Pour Flush Traditional Total No of Functional Facility Percentage coverage (%) Func- tional Non -func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total Func- tional Non-func- tional Total 1 Ardo kola 86,921 110,474 77,332 18,140 59,192 100 31 131 7 13 20 1,200 200 1,400 1,307 23 2 Bali 208,935 265,549 185,884 24,840 161,044 45 5 50 7 6 13 2,200 13 2,213 2,252 13 3 Donga 134,111 170,451 119,316 26,700 92,616 90 21 111 15 5 20 2,100 30 2,130 2,205 22 4 Gasha- ka 87,781 111,567 78,097 4,950 73,147 40 15 55 25 5 30 2,050 67 2,117 2,115 6 5 Gassol 244,749 311,068 217,784 30,500 187,248 135 15 150 65 25 90 2,100 56 2,156 2,300 14 6 Ibbi 84,054 106,830 74,781 26,500 48,281 55 10 65 60 20 80 2,200 40 2,240 2,315 35 7 Jalingo 139,845 177,738 124,417 12,000 112,417 45 15 60 65 19 84 800 65 865 910 10 8 Karim lamido 195,844 248,911 174,238 31,900 142,338 74 20 94 95 30 125 3,000 48 3,048 3,169 18 9 Kurmi 91,531 116,333 81,433 29,400 52,033 35 10 45 65 15 80 2,600 92 2,692 2,700 36 10 Lay 96,590 122,763 85,934 28,540 57,394 22 8 30 65 10 75 2,550 29 2,579 2,637 32 11 Sardau- na 224,437 285,252 199,676 65,680 133,996 28 7 35 100 30 130 6,200 41 6,241 6,328 33 12 Takum 135,349 172,024 120,417 23,500 96,917 19 11 30 68 17 85 2,100 73 2,173 2,187 20 13 Ussa 93,011 118,214 82,750 9,200 73,550 18 4 22 56 14 70 700 25 725 774 11 14 Wukari 241,546 306,997 214,898 34,060 180,838 45 10 55 58 12 70 3,020 70 3,090 3,123 16 15 Yorro 89,410 113,637 79,546 18,420 61,126 22 8 30 55 5 60 1,605 60 1,605 1,682 23 16 Yangtu Dev.a 20,253 25,741 18,019 6,540 11,479 4 2 6 15 5 20 600 64 664 619 36 17 Zing 127,363 161,874 113,312 37,000 76,312 36 8 44 42 12 54 3,400 90 3,490 3,478 33 Total 2,301,730 2,925,423 2,047,798 427,870 1,619,928 813 200 1,013 863 243 1,106 38,425 1,063 39,488 40,101 224 NOTE: VIP latrine services 60 people Pour flush Latrine serves about 20 people Pit Latrine serves about 10 people Source: Bureau for Stattistics and National Population Commission figure of 2006 Census Growth rate of 3.2 TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)42 URBAN WATER SCHEMES LOCAL GOV- ERNMENT DISTRICT SERVICE CENTRE DESIGNED CAPACITY MLD CAPACITY UTILISATION MLD 2019 Population 2024 Population 2028 Population 2030 Population Ardo Kola 1. Sunkani Station 0.48 0.192 133,041.20 156,112.06 177,417.60 189,137.14 Bali Bali Area Office 2.6 Grounded 319,817.80 375,277.85 426,494.25 454,666.86 3.Suntai 1.08 0.432 Donga 1.Donga Station 8.6 1.6 201,727.52 236,709.37 269,014.50 286,784.59 2.Nyivu station 0.48 0.192 Gashaka 4.Serti Station 0.48 0.192 132,104.59 155,013.03 176,168.58 187,805.61 Gassol Mutum- biyu Sta- tion 0.48 371,440.53 435,852.55 495,335.93 528,055.96 Ibi Ibi Pro- duction 22.8 4.18 127,764.05 149,919.79 170,380.23 181,634.91 Jalingo 1.Magami Produc- tion 22.8 4.18 212,659.20 249,536.73 283,592.48 302,325.54 2,Karofi 11.8 1.08 Karim Lami- do 1.Jen Sta- tion 1,2 0.48 293,901.87 344,867.80 391,933.95 417,823.64 2.Karim 0.48 0.192 3.Bambu- ka 0.48 0.192 4. Panya 0.48 0.192 5. Gwomu 0.48 0.192 6. Gindiri 0.48 0.192 7. Wanza- mi 0.48 0.192 Kurmi Baissa 0.48 0.192 138,342.60 162,332.78 184,487.30 196,673.84 Lau 1.Lau Sta- tion 1.2 0.48 144,265.38 169,282.64 192,385.64 205,093.91 2.Marr- araban Appawa 0.48 0.192 TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 43 Sardauna 1.Gem- bu Area Office 2.16 0.46 340,024.65 398,988.80 453,441.17 483,393.80 2.Nguroje 0.96 0.84 3.Mbamga 0.96 0.84 4. Dorofi 0.48 0.196 Takum 1.Takum Area Of- fice 10.08 2 234,213.37 274,828.64 312,336.14 332,967.89 2.Bika BABBA 0.48 0.192 3,BIKA GABA 0.48 0,192 4. Kwam- bai 0.48 0,192 Ussa 1.Fikyu Station 2.16 Not Func- tional 137,746.99 161,633.88 183,693.02 195,827.09 2.Lissam 0.48 0.192 Wukari 1bi Wukari works Same as Ibi 0.432 361,130.23 423,754.33 481,586.59 513,398.40 2.Bantaje 1.08 0.192 3.Gindin Dorowa 0.48 Yorro Pantisawa Sta-tion 0.48 0.192 136,195.06 227,070.63 258,060.31 275,106.80 Zing 1.Zing Area Of- fice 1.08 0.432 193,513.23 227,070.63 258,060.31 275,106.80 2, Kakulu 0.48 0.192 Table 4.9.2. Long Term Sustainable Development Goals: The demand projection implies significant capital requirements for infrastructure expansion, estimated to be in the range of US$ 0.1- 1 billion, i.e., averaging around US$ 2.7 million per year over the next 11 years. Water Governance Policy Targets. By 2019, water governance systems will be in place to achieve the following: a. Participatory processes: all citizens of Taraba State will have a voice in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene planning processes, either directly or through organizations representing their interests. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)44 b. Transparency: information will flow freely between different stakeholders; decision-making processes will be transparent and open to public scrutiny. c. Integrated planning: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene decision-making will take place within an Integrated Water Resource Management Framework (IWRM Framework). As such, dialogue would be encouraged both horizontally between stakeholders at same level (e.g. inter-sec- toral planning) and vertically between stakeholders at the state, LGA and community levels. d. Poverty Reduction: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene planning at all levels will be aligned with poverty reduction strategies. In many cases, this will involve increase in the participation of the poor and the marginalised in planning processes and recognise the importance of making water available for small-scale productive/commercial uses. Water Resources Management Targets: By the end of 2019, water management initiatives and innovations will lead to the establishment of: a. State-Wide Water Information Base: Establishment of a state-wide water management in- formation base for effective communication. As a minimum, this system must ensure that stakeholders at all levels have access to good quality water-related information. b. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM): Establishment of state-wide IWRM plans will aim at sustaining, efficient and equitable water management and protection of fragile ecosystem. c. Regulatory Framework. Regulatory bodies for the water sector are fully established and op- erational to act as an umpire between the players within the sector. Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Coverage Targets: Safe water supply coverage targets for Taraba State are as follows: 2019 2021 2024 2026 2028 2030 Urban 30% 35% 45% 50% 55% 65% Small Towns 23% 30% 40% 47% 54% 62% Rural 20% 25% 35% 40% 45% 50% Average Targets 24% 30% 40% 46% 51% 59% Table 5.13.1. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 45 a. The initial target is to improve water service coverage from an average 24% in 2019 to 30% by the year 2021. b. Extension of average service coverage to 40% of the population by the year 2024. c. Extension of average service coverage to 59% of the population in the year 2030. d. Sustain 80% full coverage of Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene services for the growing population beyond the year 2030. Taraba State will meet the WSS Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets whereby the pro- portion of people without sustainable access to improved sanitation will be reduced by half by 2030 with improved sanitation. By the year 2030, sanitation coverage levels are as follows: a. Rural: 50% household in rural areas (community of population of less than 5,000) must own and have access to safe sanitary facility of at least sanplat latrine b. Small Towns: 80% household in semi-urban areas (population of 5,000 to 20,000) own and have access to safe sanitary facility of at least VIP. c. Urban: Each household in urban areas (population above 20,000) own and have access to safe sanitary facility of at least pour-flush toilet. Consumption standards and Service levels – (Water): Rural Water Supply guarantees minimum level of service of 30 liters per capita per day within 250 meters of the community of 1 to 5,000 people, serving about 250-500 persons per water point. Small Towns Water Supply represent settlements with population of between 5,000-20,000 with a fair measure of social infrastructure and some level of economic activity with minimum supply standard of 60 liters per capita per day with reticulation and limited or full house connections as determined by the beneficiaries / Government. Urban Water Supply 80 liters per capita per day for urban areas with population greater than 20,000 inhabitants to be served by full reticulation and consumer premises connection. Service Levels- (Sanitation): TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)46 Technology options that could be promoted in rural areas for sanitation include: a. For households b. The Sanplat (Sanitary Platform) latrine; c. Single deep pit V.I.P d. Traditional latrines For communal use in Schools, Health Centres, markets and other public places a. Pour flush toilets b. Multi-compartment alternating V.I.P Rural Sanitation: Each household in rural areas (community of population of less than 5,000) must own and have access to safe sanitary facility with at least minor improvements that would reduce flies, odour, etc. (at least upgraded pit latrine). Small-Town Sanitation: Each household in semi-urban areas (population of 5,000 to 20,000) must own and have access to safe sanitary facility that is easily adaptable to existing traditional pit latrine and uses superstructures which blends very well with other buildings within the com- munity. Urban Sanitation: Each household in urban areas (population above 20,000) must own and have access to safe sanitary facility that uses suitable and affordable water conveyance systems. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 47 CHAPTER FIVE: Policy Strategies To achieve the policy objectives, the strategies with respect to each of the components of the objectives are as follows: 1. Improve water supply, sanitation and hygiene service coverage State wide to meet the level of demand in the sector for effective socio-economic activities. 2. Ensure that Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) are maintained by service providers. 3. Ensure that water supply, sanitation and hygiene services are affordable to the entire popu- lace in the State. 4. Discourage denial of less privileged and the poor access to basic WASH services. 5. Adopt Public Private Partnership initiative in the WASH sector. 6. Encourage Public-Public-Partnerships Initiatives to improve WSS service delivery. 7. Monitor and evaluate the performance of the sector for necessary policy review and improve- ment of water supply, sanitation and hygiene. 8. Ensure adherence to legislations and internationally acceptable standards for water supply, sanitation and hygiene. 9. Promote Awareness, Education and Training for manpower development. 10. Institution of Awards. 11. Gender Equity and Social inclusion (GESI) compliant. 12. Increase Stakeholder participation in WSS sector. 13. Ensure collection of WSS data for the purpose of planning and analysis. 14. Promote Household Water Safety (protection, treatment and testing). 15. Adoption of the IWRM framework for improved WASH Governance. 16. Development of Water Safety Plans and creation of Protection zones. 17. Construction Requirements and Best Practices. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)48 Consideration to Improve Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Service coverage State wide to meet the level of demand in the sector for effective socio-economic activities be given to: 1. Develop a state WASH master plan incorporating water supply and feasibility survey; demand projection, investment plan for the period to 2030. 2. Undertake WASH feasibility survey for the State to acquire baseline data for proper invest- ment planning. 3. Rehabilitation and modernization of existing water supply utitlities to restore them to their optimum operational capacity. 4. Expansion of existing urban water supply utilities to enhance capacities to meet growing de- mand. Regional water schemes should be encouraged for easy management. 5. Construction of new water supply schemes to serve the segments of the population that is not served. 6. Distribution network maintenance and extension works for all urban water supply schemes. 7. Comprehensive metering of all water supply schemes from abstraction through transmission then distribution to customer connections. 8. Maintenance of customer service standards and codes for all customer property and premises. 9. Ensure regular and alternate power supply. 10. Solar driven pumps to be given highest priority where applicable in the rehabilitation and construction of borehole-based water supply systems. 11. Promote improvement of traditional sources of community water supply (protected spring orifices, protected hand dug well, rain water harvest, etc.). 12. Promote improvement of sanitation (domestic and human waste disposal) facilities especially in the urban and small towns. 13. Strengthen the Sanitation Department within the Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency (TEPA) to be able to effectively discharge the responsibility of overseeing urban san- itation management. 14. Strengthen and reposition the School of Health Technology to be able to provide needed manpower towards achieving 100% coverage of sanitation status in the State. 15. Coordinate a system of planning and feedback, consultation and coordination at the State level between all agencies (such as environment, health, education, water resources and rural development, physical planning, housing, etc), and the Local Government departments deal- ing with WASH issues. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 49 16. Water and Sanitation Technical Committees shall be established at State and Local Govern- ment levels to ensure effective coordination of policy implementation and oversee the prog- ress in this regard. 17. Instituting cost sharing arrangements to ensure full participation of communities in planning, development, and monitoring of interventions as part of the process of promoting community ownership, operation and maintenance of the facilities. 18. Adoption of Community-Led Total Sanitation approach in small towns and rural communities. 19. Sponsor capital investment for rural water supply. Token community contribution shall be to foster a sense of ownership, a necessary ingredient for sustainability. 20. The rural communities shall take full ownership and maintenance of water supply facilities provided by the Government. 21. Enhance capacity of the Water and Sanitation Service Providers (WSSP) in management, operation and maintenance. 22. Foreign Direct Investment shall be encouraged to form joint ventures with Nigerian compa- nies to invest in Taraba State WASH sector. 23. Support Technology transfer arrangements for the local manufacture of major water supply machinery and equipment (pumps, trunk main and distribution pipes, valves and meters etc.) 24. Support local training institutions specialized in water supply operations. 25. Provide technical support for capacity building at State and Local Government levels for the construction of waste disposal facilities. 26. Encourage rapid manpower development through adequate patronage of existing relevant training institutions such as National Water Resources Institute (NWRI), Universities, Poly- technic, Technical and Vocational Colleges and in-house training capabilities of the existing agencies. 27. Encourage within the state’s industrialisation policy, local manufacture of water supply equip- ment and water treatment chemicals. 28. WASH Agencies to operate on commercial basis 29. Encourage and fund research, learning and adaptation in the WASH sector TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)50 Ensure that Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) are maintained by service providers: a. The Nigerian Standard for drinking water quality shall be the baseline for Taraba State drink- ing water quality standard. b. The Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality covers all drinking water except mineral water and packaged water in Taraba State. The standard applies to: i. Drinking water supplied by the Taraba State Water & Sewerage Corporation (TAWASCO), Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (STWASSA) and the RUWASSA ii. Drinking water supplied by the CDAs iii. Drinking water supplied by water vendors and water tankers iv. Drinking water used in public or privately-owned establishments v. Drinking water used in food processing by manufacturers vi. Private Water Service Providers c. Mineral water and packaged water shall comply with Nigerian Industrial Standards for Natural Mineral Water (NIS 345:2003) and Potable Water (NIS 306:2004) for regulation and certi- fication by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC); Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regulation & Control (TSAWSSRC); and Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) respectively. d. The WSPs shall request an authorization from the TSAWSSRC for the use of water for human consumption or for food processing. The authorization shall be issued when the following requirements are met: i. Water quality comply with allowable limits; ii. Construction requirements and water treatments are met; iii. Minimum safe distance is observed around water point. e. Water containers shall be stored away from poisonous materials and contamination sources. f. The TSAWSSRC shall enforce Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. g. The TAWASCO, STWASSA and the RUWASSA shall compile and forward annual water quality reports through the Ministry of Water Resources to the Taraba State Ministry of Health and TSAWSSRC. h. Taraba State Ministry of Health and TSAWSSRC shall provide quarterly status report to the different stakeholders at the ISSC forum. i. Water quality results shall be accessible to the general public. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 51 j. In case of non-compliance with quality standards, the Taraba State Ministry of Health and TSAWSSRC shall: 1. Inform the TAWASCO, STOWASSA, RUWASSA, WSPs not more than 3 days after the date the sample was collected and 24 hours in case of disease outbreak. 2. Recommend remedial measures and set deadlines for the implementation of the mea- sures. k. All water works serving 5,000 citizens and above to be equipped with a functional water qual- ity laboratory of appropriate capacity l. There shall be a State Water Quality Reference Laboratory in each of the three Senatorial districts that shall monitor and protect the quality of raw water sources for drinking and monitoring the output of water supply undertakings in conformity with drinking water quality standards.Provision of Portable Water Testing Kits for Small town and Rural communities m. Traditional water supply sources shall be protected, and traditional water quality practices shall be promoted. Ensure that WASH services are affordable to the entire populace in the State by: a. Conducting affordability surveys to determine income levels of various segments of the users. b. Ensuring domestic users do not spend beyond 5% of their monthly income in accessing water supply in line with International standards. c. Ensuring water supply service cost reduction measures shall be pursued without compromis- ing the quality of service. d. Improved management practice (financial management, operation and maintenance, abstrac- tion and treatment techniques and control of water sources pollution) shall be institution- alised to keep the cost at the barest minimum. e. Institutionalising efficiency improvement techniques by water supply operators to reduce cost. f. Ensuring all water supply undertakings shall be subjected to performance monitoring and evaluation program. g. Ensuring Tariff policy shall protect the consumer from bearing the additional cost of the inef- ficiency of the water supply operators. h. Ensuring all consumers shall be metered starting with Industrial and commercial customers to communal outlets down to domestic customers. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)52 i. Ensuring that provisions are made to extend service to the poor and vulnerable through social connections (public taps). j. Ensuring tariff policy shall guarantee cross subsidy to accommodate subsidies for the poor. k. Tariff policy shall ensure that the time for the return on investment provides adequate comfort for the customer. l. Ensuring research and development of appropriate affordable and low-cost technologies for the disposal and recycling of all waste. Access to basic WASH services for the poor and less privileged: a. Cross subsidy shall be implemented to accommodate the needs of the poor. b. Government shall subsidize for the poor where cross subsidy is not applicable. . Adopt Public Private Partnership initiative in the WASH sector: a. The State Government shall create the enabling environment for private operators to partici- pate in WASH services in the State. b. The State Government shall formulate laws to regulate the activities of the private operators in the WASH services to guarantee adequate protection of consumers/customers as well as fairness to the service provider. Encourage Public-Public-Partnership Initiatives to improve WSS service delivery through: a. Study visits by officials of Taraba State WSSP to other WSSPs within and outside Nigeria to share experiences and acquire knowledge about innovative ways of solving local problems. b. Recruitment of highly skilled technical and managerial staff and experts from other State Wa- ter Agencies as Consultants or Contract staff under various management or service contracts to assist in solving specific problems. Monitor and evaluate the performance of the sector for necessary policy review and improve- ment of WASH through: a. Maintaining a state-wide monitoring network for water and sanitation at the State and Local Governments levels. b. Promoting community participation in Monitoring and Evaluation. c. Maintaining a State-wide WASH database. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 53 d. Ensuring feedback of information to promote proper planning and policy adjustment. Ensure that legislations and internationally acceptable standards for WASH are adhered to in: a. Developing standards on design procedures and material quality for water supply services b. Regular review of all legislations and laws relevant to WASH to ensure that they meet modern day requirements for adequate water supply and sanitation delivery. c. Implementation of the provisions of the WSS policy. d. Reform of the WASH sector to attain and maintain internationally acceptable standards. e. Commitment to carry out profound reforms in the way the WASH sector is managed in the state. Manpower Development: The Government shall ensure: a. steps are taken to increase the capacity and capability of all WASH related Agencies and de- partments for the successful implementation of the State WASH Policy. b. Capacity Building Policy for all WSS Agencies in the State. c. 5% of the cost of all WSS projects shall be devoted to capacity building. Awareness, Education and Training: a. The State and local governments will be encouraged to develop programmes seeking collab- oration with the media, especially TV and radio channels, to promote WASH related messages in their entertainment programmes and to develop special programmes related to sanitation and its relationship between civic responsibility, health and education. b. The State Government shall partner with NGOs, CSOs, traditional and religious institutions to raise awareness on water, sanitation and hygiene. c. A water and sanitation training/awareness programme will be initiated as part of the cur- riculum at all Educational Institutions, Teachers Training Institutions, Government Ministries and Agencies including Basic Health Units, Physical Planning, Housing, Environment, Health, SACA, Community Development, Primary Health Care Development Agency, Mother and Child Health Centres and the Social Welfare Departments. The focus of the programme will be pri- mary health related; on why toilets are required and how they should be used and maintained. d. WASH related issues will also be incorporated in other State Government Policies to help achieve sustainable environment and development. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)54 e. Awareness will be created amongst the people on the relationship between open defecation, un- safe excreta disposal and spread of diseases. f. Regular Water Quality Control Education would be given to consumers. g. School Hygiene Education will be given to Teachers and Pupils. Institution of Awards: The government will provide incentives in the form of annual awards/rewards, to be given during the National Water and Sanitation Day celebration, for the implementation of the State Sanitation Policy in recognition of efforts towards measurable achievements in institutionalization of good sanitation practices. A State Sanitation Policy Implementation Committee setup by the ISSC shall develop the monitoring system and criteria for the awards. The awards shall include but not limited to: • The Best three (3) Local Governments • The Best three (3) Communities (WASHCOM) • The Best three Primary and Secondary Schools respectively • The Cleanest Working Environment (Private & Government) • The Best two Markets • The Best two Parks and Garages • The Cleanest Residential Housing Estate • The Cleanest Town To be eligible for the award, awardees: a. Must be able to demonstrate that it has developed systems to ensure that the safe disposal of ex- creta, sewage, and drainage are managed efficiently on an ongoing basis. b. Shall be adjudged on the basis of the following criteria: excreta disposal; waste water disposal; solid waste disposal; personal hygiene; community participation in WASH activities; and quality of environment. Suitable indicators will be developed for each of these criteria and assigned different marks depending on their significance. Ensure GESI in the WASH sector at all levels: a. Capacity building programmes on GESI in organizations, community projects and general admin- istration shall be handled by implementing partners such as Donor agencies, NGOs, CSOs, CBOs, FBOs. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 55 b. Membership and leadership positions of CDA and WASHCOMS shall comprise, at least, 35% women inclusion. c. Women groups and bodies would be encouraged to send bids for WASH contracts. Increase Stakeholder participation in WSS sector through: a. Identification of all stakeholders in the sector b. Gender balancing in WSS programme c. Participatory roles for all stakeholders in decision making in the sector d. Organization of public enlightenment campaigns to ensure increased participation by all stakeholders Ensure collection of WSS data for the purpose of planning and analysis: a. Establishment of a State WSS data bank b. Establishment of an effective Monitoring and Evaluation Department in all WSS Agencies and strengthen it where it presently exists. Promotion of Household Water Safety: a. The State WSS Agencies shall undertake research to determine appropriate technologies for Household Water Treatment (e.g. Hydrogen Sulphate Test kit, Ph Test Strip etc.) b. Households shall be encouraged to ensure all Water Containers have a permanent and tight cover. c. Water containers shall be stored away from poisonous materials and contamination sources. Adoption of the IWRM framework for improved WASH Governance: Sectoral programmes and projects will be coordinated with other line MDAs including Environ- ment, Urban Planning, Housing, Agriculture, Health, Education, Planning and Budget, Women Af- fairs and other WASH related stakeholders. Development of Water Safety Plans: a. The Ministry of Water Resources, all WSSP and WASHCOMs shall develop a Water Safety Plan that ensures the minimization of contamination of water sources, the reduction or removal of contamination through treatment processes and the prevention of contamination during TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)56 transmission, storage, distribution and handling of drinking water. b. If the system is not capable of meeting the standards for drinking water quality, a programme of upgrading (which may include capital investment or training) shall be initiated to ensure that the drinking water supply meets the targets. c. The Taraba State Agencies responsible for providing WASH services shall support WSSP in designing and implementing the Water Safety Plans. d. The Water Safety Plans shall be validated by the Drinking Water Quality Surveillance depart- ment of the Taraba State Ministry of Health and enforced by TSAWSSRC. e. For WASHCOMs managing on-site drinking water facilities, the development of Water Safety Plans shall be done in collaboration with Local Government WASH Unit and committees shall conduct regular sanitary inspections of the water facilities. Creation of Protection Zones: a. Water sources shall be protected from all sources of contamination. b. For on-site drinking water system, a minimum distance of 30 meters shall be kept between the water system and potential source of contamination. c. Communities shall keep clean the protected area surrounding on-site drinking water systems d. The Taraba State Ministry of Environment in consultation with the Federal Ministry of Environ- ment shall declare special protection zones for Chemical Elements Sensitive Areas (such as Nitrates, heavy metals), wetlands based on such local peculiarities e. For mechanized centralized drinking water systems (high yield), broader protection zones shall be established and enforced by Taraba State Ministry of Environment. Construction Requirements and Best Practices: a. All drinking water systems shall comply with construction specifications as stipulated by Fed- eral Ministry of Water Resources and enforced by the TSAWSSRC. b. All materials and equipment in contact with drinking water shall comply with relevant Nigeri- an Industrial Standard (NIS) (such as casing, drilling additive, hand pumps, fitting, distribution pipe, and reservoir paint etc.). c. There shall be effective corrosion control of the materials constituting the treatment and sup- ply systems, tanks, pipes, pumps and valves etc. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 57 CHAPTER SIX: Policy Statements The Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation (TAWASCO) shall provide service in Urban areas and its assets shall be publicly owned. Its operations shall either be managed by the TAWASCO staff or through innovative Public -Public Partnership such as Internally Delegated Management Contracts or Public Private Partnerships such as Management or Service Contracts. Technology choice for WSS projects in Urban towns shall be determined by the TAWASCO. The Taraba State Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency shall provide service in Small towns and its assets shall either be owned by the entity or by the Community Development Asso- ciation depending on the cost and the scale of the technology adopted for each WSS project in a small town. Management of WSS projects in Small Towns shall be by the STOWASSA or the CDA depending on the ownership of the project. However, the STOWASSA shall encourage community ownership and management of WSS as much as possible. Technology choice for WSS projects in small towns shall be determined by the Agency based on Demand Response approach. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (RUWASSA) shall provide service in rural areas, and its assets shall either be owned by the entity or by the Community depending on the cost and the scale of the technology adopted for each WSS project in the community. Management of WSS projects in rural communities shall be by the CDA based on the principle of community ownership and management. Technology choice for WSS projects in rural communities shall be determined by the Agency based on Demand Response approach. Taraba State Government believes that access to sufficient, safe and affordable water for personal and domestic uses and safe sanitation is a fundamental human need. Every resident of the state should have access to safe sanitation, at least 30 litres of potable water daily within a distance of 250metres; and the State Government shall progressively take steps to guarantee this provision. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)58 Provision of safe water and sanitation facilities will be made mandatory for all public institutions including but not limited to hospitals, offices and schools; as well as in private institutions. It shall be the responsibility of the State Government and Local Governments to provide WASH facilities in all public institutions (health centres, schools, markets, motor parks and special emer- gency camps etc.). All private primary, secondary and tertiary institutions in the State are required to provide safe wa- ter and GESI sensitive sanitation facilities for their staff and pupils as a condition for the issuance or renewal of their registration licenses. Towards meeting the manpower requirements of WSS agencies in the state, a minimum of 5% of the annual overhead costs for WASH Agencies shall be allocated to manpower development. All private and public agencies developing estates and new settlements in the state are required to ensure provision of portable water supply and sanitation facilities as part of the physical devel- opment of the housing schemes. All Local Governments are required to provide lands for the construction of public sanitation facil- ities, which shall be constructed either by the LGA or by the private sector through Public Private Partnership. All households in the state are required to build toilet facilities, keep the inside and surroundings of their property clean and not to dispose waste in the streets, storm water drains and public spaces. All water connections from Public utilities will be metered and in Urban centres the Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation will charge rates approved by the TSAWSSRC. Vandalisation of water supply and sanitation facilities shall be an offence punishable by law. The Government shall ensure that at least, 35% of all WSS positions in the State are allotted to women. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 59 All WSSP in the State shall be licensed by the TSAWSSRC and ensure that water produced for public consumption complies with NSDWQ. Water sources shall be protected from potential sources of contamination. For on-site drinking water system, a minimum distance of 30 meters shall be kept between the water system and potential sources of contamination. It shall be illegal for any Household or Corporate body to construct a Water Supply System within 30 meters radius from any latrine or graveyard. All drinking water systems shall comply with construction specifications as stipulated by Federal & State Ministry of Water Resources. All materials and equipment in contact with drinking water shall comply with relevant Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) (such as casing, drilling additive, hand pumps, fitting, distribution pipe, and reservoir paint etc.). There shall be effective corrosion control of the materials constituting the treatment and supply systems, tanks, pipes, pumps and valves. Water quality results shall be accessible to the general public. Individuals or firms planning to construct new estates where public water supply is not available should construct water supply sources that could be jointly accessed by residents. Digging of In- dividual wells or boreholes in Estates is discouraged. New buildings or extensions of old buildings should make provision for sanitary facilities including toilets, septic tanks. All WASH projects in the State that require Environmental and Social Impact Assessment shall be subjected to ESIA process. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)60 CHAPTER SEVEN: WSS Institutional Arrangements. Policy Formulation, Legal Framework and Coordinating Bodies 11. Taraba State Government 12. Taraba State Planning Commission 13. Ministry of Justice. 14. Ministry of Water Resources 15. Ministry of Rural Development 16. Ministry of Environment 17. Ministry of Health 18. Ministry of Education 19. Ministry of Finance 20. Ministry of Culture &Tourism 21. Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources 22. Ministry of Urban and Town Development 23. Ministry of Information 24. Ministry of Women Affairs and Child Development 25. Integrated State Steering Committee on WASH 26. Supervising Ministry/Bureau Local Government Authorities Service Providers 1. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency 2. Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency 3. Taraba State Water & Sewerage Corporation 4. Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority 5. Local Government Authorities 6. Private Water Vendors 7. Private Water Supply and Sanitation Service Providers 8. Primary Health Care Development Agency TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 61 Regulatory Bodies 1. Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regulation and Control 2. Standard Organization of Nigeria 3. Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency 4. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control 5. National Oil Spill Response Agency 6. Department of Petroleum Resources 7. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Consumers 1. Community Development Associations 2. Household consumers 3. Institutional consumers 4. Customers Support Services 1. Development partners 2. Non-Governmental Organizations 3. Private Sector. 4. Media Taraba State Government shall: a. Finance capital requirements for water infrastructural development at all levels in the short and long term and fund operation and maintenance at urban and small towns in the short term. b. Facilitate Investment by the Private sector in WSS service provision through PPP arrange- ments. c. Promote Private sector Participation in water services delivery through Procurement con- tracts, Consultancies, Service and Management contracts. d. Enter into MoU with NGOs, International donors and Financial Institutions for the raising of loans, bonds, grants and aids. e. Formulate and approve new policies and programmes to develop the sector. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)62 f. Domesticate new International and National policy instruments for the development of the sector, such as the Water Investment Mobilisation and Application Guidelines (WIMAG) (when adopted by the Federal Government). g. Develop legal, Institutional and Regulatory framework for the WASH sector. h. Grant increased autonomy to the WSS agencies and insulate them from undue political inter- ference. i. Approve the participation of WSS officers in relevant National and International conferences, study tours, exchange visits, and twinning programmes with other public utilities through Public- Public- Partnerships j. Develop sanitation programmes for the state capital and major cities in the state in conjunc- tion with all stakeholders. k. Promote health and hygiene education as part of the curricular at nursery, primary and sec- ondary school levels, tertiary institutions particularly Teacher Training Institutions and infor- mal institutions. l. Supervise the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA). m. ensure the provision of appropriate water and adequate sanitation facilities in all public insti- tutions including Schools. The State Government shall establish an Integrated State Steering Committee on WASH which shall; a. Coordinate State efforts for water, sanitation and hygiene promotion b. Implement Water, Sanitation Hygiene Policy in Taraba State It shall comprise representatives from: 1. Secretary to the Government of Taraba State (SGS as Chairman) 2. Ministry of Water Resources 3. (Coordinating Ministry/ Secretariat and Commissioner as Vice Chairman) 4. Ministry of Justice 5. Ministry of Environment 6. Ministry of Health 7. Ministry of Rural Development 8. Ministry of Education. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 63 9. Ministry of Agriculture & Natural Resources. 10. Ministry of Information. 11. Ministry of Urban & Town Development. 12. Ministry of Women Affairs & Child Development. 13. Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs. 14. Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regulation and Control. 15. Taraba State Water and Sewerage Corporation. 16. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency. 17. Taraba State Planning Commission. 18. Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency. 19. Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency. 20. The Customer WASH Forum. 21. WASH NGOs 22. Taraba State Emergency Management Agency. The Chairman may from time to time invite participation from any other MDA or private organisa- tion to provide input on technical issue whenever the need arise. KEY SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS. The Ministry of Water Resources; The Ministry shall give: 1. Policy advice to the State Government on water supply activities and sanitation services on issues concerning expected levels of service (quality and quantity) and other technical infor- mation necessary for effective operation in the State. 2. Policy advice and formulation, data collection, resources and demand surveys, monitoring, evaluation and co-ordinating of water supply and water related sanitation development and management, studies, research and development. 3. Articulate programs to achieve the provision of sufficient potable water in the entire state and adequate sanitation for the urban, rural and small-town areas in an affordable and sustainable way. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)64 The Ministry shall coordinate the activities of the TAWASCO, RUWASSA and STWASSA in the following respects: i. Carry out its designated role as the policy organ for the water and sanitation sector. ii. Receive periodic reports of activities from the urban and small-town water supply and sanitation agencies iii. Mobilize resources for the TSWSC, RUWASSA and STWASSA including ensuring the re- lease of budgetary allocation for capital and recurrent expenditure iv. Provide support to the agencies in the planning and implementation of their programmes v. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of their programmes, and vi. Plan and hold state meetings for the review of WASH sector programmes. 4. It shall establish a Water Sanitation Division within the Department of Water Supply in the Ministry to coordinate and facilitate the implementation of the National Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy by collaborating with other key line departments in the State level and Local Government. 5. Ensure mobilization and advocacy on WASH facilities. 6. Ensure creation, and supervision of the activities of the State Water Supply Data Bank 7. Ensure inter-governmental cooperation (to liaise with Federal Agencies in the state like Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority etc.) on matters relating to water resources man- agement, water supply and irrigation in the state. 8. Mobilisation of State, National and International funding and technical support. Liaising with international organizations and agencies for assistance to the State in the area of water devel- opment/supply and other infrastructure. 9. Promote and coordinate other collaborative activities by other government and Non-govern- mental agencies in the sector. 10. Provide support and assistance to the State Water Supply & Sanitation Agencies, Local Gov- ernment, and Communities. 11. Promote Private sector Participation in water services delivery through Procurement con- tracts, Consultancies, Service and Management contracts. 12. Ensure creation of an enabling environment for meaningful private sector participation in the sector 13. Encourage Public- Public -Partnerships between Taraba State WSS agencies and other per- TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 65 forming WSS agencies locally, nationally and internationally through twinning programmes, ex- change/study visits, and mentor programmes. 14. Initiate the process for the establishment of a Management Information System in order to en- able the planning and development of sanitation; consolidation of information and data from all line Agencies; and make it freely available to the public through data sharing (through IT) within and amongst all sanitation related organizations. 15. Encourage NGOs and CBOs who work on sanitation related issues on self-help and provide in- centives or relevant supports. 16. Explore alternate sources of power for the Water supply schemes such as Solar energy and the construction of Independent Power Plants 17. Develop, in collaboration with line agencies, and in consultation with all stakeholders, sector plans 18. Develop a Capacity Building and Maintenance Policy for WSS sector in the state. 19. Identify all stakeholders in the sector and ensure they are carried along in activities relating to the sector. 20. Support Water and Sanitation Service Providers (including TAWASCO) in developing and imple- menting Water Safety Plans. 21. Any other assignment as may be given by the Commissioner of Water Resources or the State Governor The Ministry of Rural Development shall: 1. Support collaborative activities by other government and Non-governmental agencies in the sector. 2. Initiate the process for the establishment of a Management Information System in order to en- able the planning and development of sanitation; consolidation of information and data from all line agencies; and make it freely available to the public through data sharing (through IT) within and amongst all sanitation related organizations. 3. Explore alternate sources of power for the water supply schemes such as solar energy. 4. Construct rural feeder roads to link water schemes. 5. Provide rural electrification projects as an alternate source of power to motorized water schemes. 6. Develop, in collaboration with line agencies, and in consultation with all stakeholders, sector plans TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)66 7. Carry out any other assignment as may be given by the Commissioner of Rural Development or the State Governor. 8. Encourage capacity building on procedure of handling WASH facilities in the rural areas. Ministry of Environment shall; 1. Formulate policies on environmental issues. 2. Conserve environmental resources. 3. Manage flood and erosion. 4. Supervise the Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency (TEPA) and State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) 5. Develop procedures for the establishment of protection zone around water sources intended for human consumption. 6. Provide technical support for the implementation of the sanitation policy, particularly as it relates to its environmental components. 7. Ensure the observation of monthly sanitation days in the State. 8. Formulate policy on waste and sewage disposal and sanitation in markets, motor parks, ga- rages, hotels, recreation centres and abattoirs. 9. Research, develop and recommend for the state, appropriate and affordable sanitation tech- nologies based on best international standards. 10. Develop a plan and implementation strategies for the full sanitation and hygiene coverage of the urban and rural centres of the state in synergy with relevant MDAs. 11. Develop strategies for the proper management of rain run offs, drainages, channels and do- mestic waste. 12. The Taraba State Ministry of Environment in collaboration with TEPA and approval of the Federal Ministry of Environment shall declare special protection zones for Chemical Elements Sensitive Areas (such as Nitrates, heavy metals etc.), and wetlands. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 67 Ministry of Education shall: 1. Collaborate with Taraba State Water and Sewerage Corporation, RUWASSA, STWASSA, TSAWSSRC, TEPA and Ministry of Health on issues of school sanitation, hygiene and water supply. 2. Develop educational strategies and materials on sanitation and hygiene for public enlighten- ment and girl child. 3. Ensure mass literacy programme and adult literacy curriculum to include water, sanitation and hygiene education. 4. Ensure the observation of weekly sanitation days in schools within the State. 5. Provide water supply and gender sensitive sanitation facilities in both public and private schools. 6. Enforce standard hygienic living condition in all schools within the state. Ministry of Women Affairs & Child Developments shall; 1. Generally, ensure gender mainstreaming into water, sanitation and hygiene issues in the state. 2. Mobilize women to participate in water, sanitation and hygiene bodies at all levels. (Such as the State Steering Committees on Water Sanitation, CDA, and) towards ensuring that mem- bership and leadership positions of WSS bodies are equitably spread among both genders. 3. Conduct survey and studies in the sector from a gender perspective and make findings of the surveys available to bodies in the sector for policy and programming purposes. 4. Encourage women groups and bodies to send bids for water, sanitation and hygiene contracts. 5. Review WSS projects in the state to determine benefits and opportunities available to women, possible negative impact on women and ways of mitigating these negative effects. 6. Sensitization program for women groups on crisis management on water disaster 7. Provide hand washing materials to schools especially sanitary products for females. 8. Educate, train, and cater for women and children, especially the most vulnerable during water, sanitation and hygiene crisis. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)68 Ministry of Information shall be responsible for; 1. Collaboration with line Agencies on public enlightenment campaigns on water, sanitation and hygiene 2. Develop strategies for the improved public awareness on the linkages between sanitation, health and poverty 3. Mobilize media operators to include water, sanitation and hygiene issues in their entertain- ment programs 4. Liaise with all relevant Agencies to conduct enlightenment campaigns on payment of water tariffs, water conservation, water demand management and water efficiency. Ministry of Health shall: 1. Collaborate with Ministry of Rural Development and other line Agencies on vector control diseases particularly in the management control strategies. 2. Strengthen the Epidemiology Unit of the Public Health Department, to cater for drinking wa- ter quality surveillance and enforcement strategy, develop drinking water quality surveillance and enforcement procedures, communicating drinking water quality data to stakeholders and consumers (dissemination), establishing State priorities in the sector of drinking water quality surveillance. 3. Ensure the Epidemiology Unit shall have a pool of inspectors in charge of drinking water qual- ity investigations, water sampling and sanitary inspection, control and enforcement of water safety plans and enforcement of Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water in Taraba State. 4. Development of capacity for generation and utilization of evidence-based data and informa- tion for health policy, strategy and plan development/implementation (Health Management Information System). 5. Protective health and nutrition, including food hygiene. 6. Collation and analysis of monthly medical statistical data on poor WASH related diseases (at- tendance, morbidity, mortality and utilization of services) from Health Centres 7. Maximizing the effective use of resources within the health sector in the State. 8. Design and implement community and school-based Information, Education and Communi- cation (IEC) packages on the promotion of healthy lifestyles, prevention of common infec- tious and non-communicable diseases, and consumers’ knowledge and awareness of their right to quality care and personal obligation to better health. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 69 9. Monitor and control trends of diseases (communicable and non-communicable) at the com- munity and State levels. 10. Institutionalize an operational system to facilitate early/timely detection, diagnosis and re- sponse to epidemics, emergencies and disasters at the State and community levels (Emer- gency Preparedness). 11. Design and implement facility development program. 12. Strengthen the capacity of the Ministry to conduct health surveys and research, including de- velopment, updating and enforcement of protocol for conduct of health surveys and research by researchers. 13. Liaise with the Federal Ministry of Health and other relevant stakeholders on policy formula- tion and implementation. Ministry of Urban and Town Development shall be: 1. Ensure all building plans or upgrade of old buildings have provision for sanitary facilities locat- ed at least 30 meters to underground source of water supply. 2. Ensure all Building plans or extension plans for old buildings have provision for water facilities either through connection to public water supply or wells and boreholes 3. Ensure Building plans for Estates promote joint/central sources of water supply and cen- tralized sewage system rather than Individual wells/boreholes or decentralized waste water management systems. 4. Ensure all road construction plans for drainage channels are designed to standard to address flooding. 5. Ensure all building plans are strictly in adherence to the State development master plan. 6. Ensure the observation of sanitation days in the State. 7. Liaise with other relevant MDAs to conduct public awareness on WASH 8. Liaise with other relevant MDAS on urban sanitation and waste management 9. Implementation of urban renewal to avoid slums in urban centres. Ministry of Justice shall be responsible for: 1. Provision of legal aid in terms of interpretation of relevant statutes 2. Draft and vet Performance Contract Agreements between the State Government and the State Water Agencies, Private Investors. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)70 3. Initiate Executive Bills to the State Executive Council and facilitate onward passage to the Legislature. 4. Provide legal support (prosecution, mediation, arbitration) with respect to resolving conflicts in WASH sector. Ministry of Agriculture shall be responsible for; 1. Sensitization and advocacy to farmers and fishermen on the importance of WASH 2. Regulate and control the use of chemicals and poisonous substances for farming and fishing activities. 3. Monitoring and enforcement of sanitation and hygiene standards in abattoirs & slaughter slabs. 4. Liaise with relevant MDAs for WASH purposes. Taraba State Water & Sewerage Corporation shall be responsible for; 1. Water service delivery in urban areas as well as maintenance of facilities 2. Collection of water tariffs in urban areas 3. Monitoring and evaluation of water service delivery with a view to achieving policy targets and quality control 4. Preparation of annual report on water services delivery and dissemination of same to stake- holders. 5. Promoting Private Sector Participation in water services delivery through Procurement con- tracts, Consultancies, Service and Management contracts. 6. Encouraging Public- Public -Partnerships with well performing public utilities locally, nation- ally and internationally. 7. Urban water data acquisition and management 8. Submitting to the Ministry of Water Resources quarterly and TSAWSSRC reports of activities 9. Propose tariffs for approval by the Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regu- lation and Control. 10. Maintaining good customer relations and feedback system. 11. Support the implementation of a Citizen’s Participation System (CPS) to ensure that water service provision reflects demands of all user groups. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 71 12. Explore alternate sources of power for the Water supply schemes such as Solar energy and the construction of Independent Power Plants. 13. Compile and forward annual water quality reports to relevant MDAs in the State. 14. Design and develop a Water Safety plan and present it to the Ministry of Health for approval 15. It shall be equipped with minimum laboratory facilities to carry out routine water quality con- trol. 16. Ensure results of internal routine water quality control are made available to Ministry of Water Resources and to Ministry of Health. 17. Implement a Water Safety Plan that includes all measures undertaken to achieve NSDWQ. 18. Facilitate the access of all water facilities to Drinking Water Quality Surveillance inspectors & the TSAWSSRC. 19. Inform Taraba State Ministry of Health in case of failure of water treatment process. 20. Provide regular update on water facilities and status to Ministry of Water Resources and Min- istry of Health. Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Agency shall be responsible for; 1. WASH service delivery in small towns as well as maintenance of facilities 2. Collection of water tariffs in Small Towns 3. Monitoring and evaluation of WASH services delivery with a view to achieving policy targets and quality control. 4. Preparation of periodic report on WASH service delivery and dissemination of same to stake- holders. 5. Promoting Private Sector Participation in water services delivery through Procurement Con- tracts, Consultancies, Service and Management contracts. 6. Encourage Public- Public -Partnerships with well performing small town’s utilities locally, na- tionally and internationally. 7. Small towns Water data acquisition and management. 8. Submit to the Ministry of Water Resources quarterly reports of activities. 9. Propose tariffs for approval by the Water Supply Regulatory Commission, maintain good cus- tomer relations and feedback system. 10. Compile and forward periodic water quality reports to relevant Agency/Department in the State Ministry of Health. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)72 11. It shall be equipped with minimum laboratory facilities to carry out routine water quality con- trol. 12. Ensure results of internal routine water quality control shall be made available to Ministry of Water Resources and to Drinking Water Quality Surveillance inspectors of the Ministry of Health (What’s the role of the Regulatory Commission in relation to the Small Towns.) 13. Establish and implement a Water Safety Plan that includes all measures undertaken to achieve NSDWQ. 14. Facilitate the access of all water facilities to Drinking Water Quality Surveillance inspectors. 15. Inform Taraba State Ministry of Health in case of failure of water treatment process. 16. Provide regular update on water facilities characteristics and status to Ministry of Water Re- sources and Ministry of Health. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (RUWASSA) shall: 1. Design, Construct, rehabilitate, improve, maintain and support the State Rural Water Supply Programme. 2. Partner with ESAs, CSOs, NGO’s and the Private sector for the delivery of WSS in rural areas. 3. Liaise with the Federal Government Ministries, Agencies and relevant Ministries in the State in the design and implementation of Programmes and Projects in the area of rural water supply, Environmental Sanitation, Hygiene Education in Communities, Schools, Maintenance and pro- vision of rural infrastructure in population less than 5,000. 4. Compile and maintain a State-wide Inventory of Water and Environmental Sources including condition, type of Pump and source. 5. Contribute to the eradication of WASH associated diseases in the rural communities. 6. Work with External support Agencies e.g. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), European Union (EU), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and Department for Interna- tional Development (DFID) etc., for surveillance on Guinea worm and eradication of other WASH associated diseases through the provision of Potable Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education in the affected communities. 7. Monitor and Evaluate State Rural WASH Programme. 8. Train Local artisans and hygiene promoters. 9. Prepare annual report on rural water, sanitation and hygiene service delivery and dissemina- tion of same to stakeholders. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 73 10. Support communities to establish WASHCOM for operation and maintenance of water facili- ties. 11. Promote Rural Water, Sanitation and Hygiene data acquisition and management. 12. Train LGA WASH Units, Community artisans to promote household sanitation strategies. 13. Support Local Government WASH Units in the establishment of VLOM systems. 14. Submit to the Ministry of Water Resources and TSAWSSRC quarterly report of activities. 15. Forward annual water quality reports to the Taraba State Ministry of Health surveillance agen- cy/department and TSAWSSRC. 16. Ensure its Water Supply facilities are equipped with minimum standard laboratory and test kit to carry out routine water quality control. 17. Ensure results of internal routine water quality control shall be made available to Ministry of Water Resources, TSAWSSRC and Ministry of Health. 18. Design and implement a Water Safety Plan that includes all measures undertaken to achieve NSDWQ. 19. Facilitate the access of all water facilities to Drinking Water Quality Surveillance inspectors in rural areas. 20. Inform Taraba State Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment in case of failure of water treatment process. 21. Provide regular update on water facilities characteristics and status, to Ministry of Water Re- sources and Ministry of Health. 22. Coordinate activities of LGA WASH Units. 23. Train LGAs and communities to carry out Community-led Total Sanitation for attainment of ODF. 24. Train WASHCOMS on Operation and Maintenance of WASH facilities at the Communities. Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regulation and Control (TSAWSSRC) shall be responsible for: 1. Advising the State Government on water supply, sanitation and hygiene service matters. 2. Licensing Water and Sanitation Service Providers (WSSPs). 3. Developing sector guidelines on the technical and financial management of Water and Sani- tation Service Providers; Making regulations prescribing all matters required or permitted to be prescribed for carrying out its duties. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)74 4. Provision of a framework for the regulation of Public Private Participation in the WASH sector. 5. The administration of the affairs of the TSAWSSRC including but not limited to: holding of meetings, hearings and proceedings, arbitration and mediation of proceedings. 6. The procedure for issuing WSSP Licenses. 7. Enforce standards for the provision of prescribed water, sanitation and hygiene services, in- cluding water quality standards in line with the NSDWQ 8. Set-out and monitor, methods and manner by which tariffs may be charged by WSSP. 9. Monitor and enforce the duties, powers, rights, and obligations of a WSSP. 10. The resource procurement policies of and entry into PPP Agreements between the State WSSP and Private WSSPs. Set, approve and from time to time review standards of performance of services by the WSSPs. Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency (TEPA): 1. TEPA in conjunction with the Taraba State Ministry of Environment and approval of the Fed- eral Ministry of Environment shall declare special protection zones for Chemical Elements Sensitive Areas (such as Nitrates, heavy metals etc.), and wetlands. 2. Inform, State Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment and, water and sanitation service providers in case of contaminations occurring in the protection zones. 3. Protect, restore, and preserve watersheds. 4. Construct sanitation facilities for public use in open spaces and public buildings. Where fea- sible, the sanitation facilities can be constructed by the private sector on build, operate and transfer (BOT) basis or on government-private sector partnership basis. 5. Ensure siting of refuse final disposal (dump and landfill) sites in an environment friendly man- ner that will ensure protection of both surface and ground water systems. 6. Ensure that industrial effluents are adequately treated to a level that will not pollute the water bodies in the state. 7. The Sanitation Department within the Taraba State Environmental Protection Agency (TEPA) will be adequately strengthened to be able to effectively discharge the responsibility of over- seeing urban sanitation management. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 75 Taraba State Planning Commission shall: 1. Make adequate budgetary provision for WASH activities in the State 2. Coordinate the mobilization of funds from Grants, Aid and Credit facilities and integrate them into State budget 3. Report on implementation performance of WASH activities in the State periodically Primary Health Care Development Agency shall; 1. Collate and disseminate information on sanitation related diseases in the state 2. Collaborate with line agencies in capacity building for sanitation workers, both public and private. Local Governments shall be responsible for: 1. Implementation of rural water supply and sanitation programmes through their WASH unit in conjunction with RUWASSA, WASHCOM and NGOs. 2. Contribute to policy formulation within its jurisdiction at State Level. 3. Funding of WASH programmes within its jurisdiction. 4. Monitoring and evaluation of WASH conditions and activities within its jurisdiction. 5. Liaising with WASHCOMs on WASH issues. 6. Payment of tariffs to the relevant agencies for public stand pipes within the locality of each LGA 7. Establish a viable WASH department charged with the responsibility of actualizing the policy objectives of 100% sanitation by the year 2030 at the LGA level. 8. Provide technical assistance to households for the upgrade of sanitary facilities. 9. Engage in the training and capacity building of government personnel (environmental health officers, monitors, enforcers and administrators) and community artisans to be involved in WASH activities at the Local Government and community levels. 10. Develop strategies for increased public awareness campaigns and sensitization on WASH. 11. Enforce relevant WASH laws and regulation. 12. Enact bye laws on WASH towards management of emerging WASH challenges. 13. Collaborate with relevant state government agencies towards developing effective WASH programmes. 14. Ensure WASH officers visit schools regularly to enforce Sanitary regulations TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)76 15. Develop Water Safety Plans in conjunction with the Community and State Government 16. Keep an inventory of WASH facilities in all communities and i. Monitor their operational status; ii. Test water quality of all new facilities; iii. Monitor the availability of spare parts; iv. Coordinate training of local mechanics and latrine artisans; v. Promote good hygiene and sanitation practices vi. Monitor sanitation coverage; vii. Monitor capability and availability of mechanics and latrine artisans; viii. Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of hygiene education and promotion ix. Monitor functionality and use of WASH facilities; Water Consumers Association (WCA) 1. Liaise with WSSPs for the development of water systems in small towns based on Demand Responsive approach and community ownership and management. 2. Own, operate and maintain water facilities with support of contractors, WSSPs or trained members of the community. 3. Open own bank account of water supply revenue collections from customers. 4. Collect revenue for initial investment, O&M and for replacement costs. 5. Encourage active participation in procurement of WASH tenders. 6. Monitor and evaluate water supplies – post construction 7. Maintain security of WASH schemes within their jurisdiction. 8. Collaborate in the development of Water Safety Plans in conjunction with LGAs and State Government MDAs. Communities through the Community Development Associations (CDAs) shall be responsible for: 1. The management of water schemes in rural areas in conjunction with LGAs, RUWASSA and Private Sector. 2. Demand improved services as part of a demand -driven approach to WASH service delivery. 3. Prompt payment of tariffs to WSSPs. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 77 4. Counterpart funding as per cost sharing formula. 5. Collaborate with MDAs and LGAs on hygiene promotion. 6. Maintain security of rural WASH schemes. 7. Support Local-level water management and environmental protection. 8. Budget tracking and reporting for accountability and transparency. 9. Communities shall keep clean the protected area surrounding on-site drinking water systems. 10. Social and cultural factors peculiar to each community shall be taken into consideration in arriving at a sanitation option preferred for the community. NGOs and CBOs: 1. NGOs and CBOs will be encouraged to assist communities in mobilizing for WASH related programmes and projects and will assist the relevant MDAs and LGAs in the planning, funding and development of community-based WASH infrastructure. 2. The TAWASCO and other service providers should work in conjunction with CBOs and NGOs towards identifying customer needs and concerns, organizing consultative fora to hold dia- logues with customers, institutionalizing a customer feedback mechanism, and monitoring and evaluating WASH projects. 3. Successful NGOs and CBOs programmes may be provided with incentives to help convert them into training centres for different WASH related stakeholders. 4. NGOs and CBOs will be encouraged to help in the formation of Community WASH Vanguards and to guide them in formulating WASH projects. 5. CBOs and NGOs should work towards ensuring that WSSPs work towards granting the right to WSS and bring to the notice of appropriate security and Judicial bodies, any infringement to the right for WSS. 6. CBOs and NGOs with the required capacity shall carry out consulting or contracting services on behalf of WSSPs. 7. Finance WASH infrastructure development and implementation of WASH service delivery programmes. 8. Facilitate dialogue between users and government departments and/or the private sector 9. Monitor WASH projects to ensure transparency and accountability. 10. Create public awareness on WASH policies. 11. Advocate and lobby to support WASH programmes TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)78 Development Partners: The roles of development partners shall include: 1. Funding of projects for development of WASH 2. Capacity building 3. Resource mobilisation 4. Monitoring and evaluation 5. Advocacy 6. Research and development and, where appropriate, facilitation of learning alliances 7. Guidance and planning, strategy implementation and review of policy targets. Private Sector: 1. Engaging in water supply through packaged water, water kiosk, or water tankers. 2. Financing water infrastructure development through loans and funds 3. Capital investment for the construction of water works, dams, waste water and sanitation fa- cilities through PPP arrangements such as Management contracts or Build, Own and Operate contracts 4. Conduct studies for the development of the water and sanitation sector 5. Implementation of management and service responsibilities that may be outsourced by pub- licly owned water utilities through Public Private Partnerships 6. Provision of alternate source of power supply for existing water schemes. 7. Collection of tariffs for public or private water service providers. 8. Collection and disposal of waste. 9. Emergency water supplies using tankers or similar facilities. 10. Operation and maintenance of small-town scale water schemes such as boreholes at urban, small towns, local or community levels. 11. Construction and maintenance of sanitation facilities in public places through management contracts 12. Management of sanitation centres. 13. Finance water infrastructure and sanitation development and implement WASH service deliv- ery programmes in urban, small town and rural areas. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 79 14. Execute contracts in the sector, such as drilling of boreholes, waste-disposal trucks, construc- tion of dams, waste water plants, land-fill sites, dump-sites and water schemes. 15. Provide spare parts for the maintenance of WASH facilities Individual Households 1. Ensure prompt payment of water rates for drinking water sourced from public & private util- ities. 2. Ensure prompt payment of sanitation and hygiene services rendered from WSSP. 3. Each household shall take full responsibility for cleaning their immediate environment and ensure proper disposal of the wastes thereof. 4. Build latrines, keep the inside and surroundings of their property clean and not to dispose waste in the streets, storm water drains and public spaces. 5. They will also be encouraged to cooperate with governments, NGOs/CBOs and with their neighbours to form community organizations that can promote sanitation related pro- grammes and projects. 6. Each household/individual shall be available for health and hygiene education 7. Individuals must recognize the dangers of breeding disease vectors in their environment and shall ensure prevention of such situation. 8. Every household/individual shall observe accepted sanitation norms and sanctions for de- faulting. Role of the Media 1. Liaise with relevant MDAs to propagate WASH related messages in its programmes and to develop educational content on sanitation and health related issues. 2. Publish news and articles to make people aware of WASH related issues and motivate them to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in their houses, neighbourhoods and settlements. 3. Facilitate dialogue between users, customers, government and private sector. 4. Create public awareness on WASH policy. 5. Advocate for WASH rights. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)80 Water and Sanitation Service Providers (WSSPs) 1. Drinking water supplied by TAWASCO and other water service providers shall comply with Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality. 2. WSSPs shall request an authorization from the Ministry of Health for the use of water for hu- man consumption or for food processing. The authorization shall be issued when the follow- ing requirements are met: • Water quality is in compliance with allowable limits • Construction requirements and water treatments are met • Minimum safe distance is observed around water points. 3. Operate and maintain water facilities in order to provide drinking water complying with stan- dards. An internal routine water quality control shall be conducted, and water providers shall be equipped with minimum laboratory facilities to carry out routine water quality control. Results of internal routine water quality control shall be made available to Ministry of Water Resources and to TSAWSSRC. 4. Design and implement a Water Safety Plan that includes all measures undertaken to achieve NSDWQ. 5. Facilitate the access of all water facilities to Drinking Water Quality Surveillance inspectors. 6. Inform Taraba State Ministry of Health in case of failure of water treatment process. 7. Provide regular update on water facilities, characteristics and status to Ministry of Water Re- sources and Ministry of Health. 8. Drinking water providers shall increase the amount of residual chlorine during epidemics or special cases according to instructions of Ministry of Health. 9. Table Water Companies shall ensure the water produced and offered for sale meet the Nigeri- an Drinking Water Quality and their operations are registered by NAFDAC. Institutional Reform Access to WASH is a crucial area of Government responsibility and the Government is determined to meet these responsibilities efficiently through the work of all the relevant Ministries and Agencies. To this end the Government shall: • Create an inter-institutional State Water and Sanitation Sector Coordination Committee. • Establish the Taraba State Agency for Water and Sanitation Services Regulation and Control to oversee service delivery on behalf of the Government. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 81 • Establish the Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (STWASSA). • Strengthen RUWASSA operational abilities. • Assist Local Government Areas to establish Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) depart- ments. • Improve the legal framework to ensure that all the required rights, roles and functions are clearly defined with no gaps and no overlaps. Following these reforms, the key public sector institutions in the sector shall be: • Ministry of Water Resources • Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Services Regulation and Control • Taraba State Water & Sewerage Corporation • Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (RUWASSA) • Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (STWASSA) • State Water and Sanitation Steering Coordination Committee (inter-institutional body) • Local Government Area Water Sanitation and Hygiene Departments (LGA WASH Dept/Unit) TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)82 CHAPTER EIGHT: Sustainability and Financing Issues. The Government recognizes that problems have arisen in the past with water supply schemes fall- ing into dis-repair and dis-use because of insufficient funding and technical capacity with which to maintain them. The Government will address this issue through: • Better organization and management of water supply and sanitation in rural areas with the capacity of village Water Sanitation and Hygiene Committees (WASHCOMs) being enhanced through the creation of Village Level Operation and Maintenance groups (VLOMs) and great- er support being provided by the Local Government Area WASH Departments and the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency. • Better organization and management of water supply, sanitation and hygiene systems in small towns, whereby the capacity of Water Consumer Associations will be enhanced through greater support being provided by the Local Government Area WASH Departments and the Small-Town Water Supply and Sanitation Agency. • Placing the delivery of Urban water supply, sanitation and hygiene services on a more auton- omous and commercial footing with the re-organization of the Water Agency into the Taraba State Water & Sewerage Corporation, which will gradually introduce the Cost Recovery Prin- ciple in order to enhance its financial and operational sustainability which will be required to achieve high standards of service delivery and efficiency. • The State WASH sector service providers overseen by the Taraba State Agency for Water, Sanitation Service Regulation and Control. Improved Planning and Implementation The Government of Taraba State will prepare and enact as a matter of urgency a Master Plan for the Development of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in the State. The Master Plan shall entail: • A thorough examination of the existing situation including the cataloguing and appraisal of existing schemes and assets. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 83 • A detailed assessment of needs in all areas of the State • The prioritization of investment and development needs • A timetable of projects and actions The Master Plan will be implemented with the financial assistance of the Government and of Ex- ternal Support Agencies. The Master Plan will be subject to improved monitoring and evaluation procedures to be implemented by all MDAs working in the sector. Continuous data collection and management for planning purposes will be introduced. Participatory Approach and Appropriate Technology The Government recognizes the difficulties that have been experienced in the delivery of WASH services and will therefore apply the following approaches: i. Increased community participation in planning, implementation, management, monitoring and evaluation. ii. Choosing appropriate and affordable technology which takes account of the social, economic and environmental characteristics of Taraba State. iii. Improved mechanisms for water sanitation delivery, promotion and hygiene education to en- sure that the gains achieved through improved water supply are not negated by poor aware- ness on sanitation and hygiene. Service Provision and Asset Ownership: The Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation shall provide service in urban areas and its assets shall be publicly owned. Its operations shall either be managed by the TAWASCO staff or through PPP arrangements such as Management or Service Contracts. Technology choice for WSS proj- ects in urban towns shall be determined by the TAWASCO. The Taraba State Small Towns Water Supply Agency shall provide service in Small towns and its assets shall either be owned by the entity or by the Water Consumers Association depending on the cost and the scale of the technology adopted for each WSS project in a small town. Man- agement of WSS projects in Small Towns shall be by the Taraba State Small Towns Water Supply Agency or the CDA depending on the ownership of the project. However, the Taraba State Small Towns Water Supply Agency shall encourage community ownership and management of WSS as TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)84 much as possible. Technology choice for WSS projects in small towns shall be determined by the Agency based on Demand Response approach. The Ministry of Water resources and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency shall provide ser- vice in rural areas and its assets shall either be owned by the entity. Management of WSS projects in rural communities shall be by the WASHCOMs based on the principle of community ownership and management. Technology choice for WSS projects in rural communities shall be determined by RUWASSA based on Demand Response approach. Funding Sources: Funding for the development of the WASH sector shall generally come from the following sources: a. The Federal Government of Nigeria acting through budgetary allocations b. The Taraba State Government acting through budgetary allocations c. Local Government Councils in the state. d. Household, Commercial and Industrial consumers through payment of tariffs. e. Informal suppliers, such as water vendors operating boreholes. f. Private companies, either local or foreign through Build, Operate and Transfer Contracts or Concessions. g. Individuals and Non-governmental organizations raising funds from private contributions or grants from national or international agencies. h. Benefiting communities through participatory investment or Community financed projects. i. Local or International Financial institutions offering short-term, medium-term loans. j. International grants from External support Agencies. Cost Recovery Capital projects of the Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation shall be contributed jointly by the Federal and State Government while capital projects of the Taraba State Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, and the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency shall be funded by participatory investment of the Federal Government, the State Government, and benefitting communities. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 85 Operation and maintenance cost, the Taraba State Water and Sewerage Corporation, the Taraba State Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Agency would aim for revenue sufficient to cover their recurrent costs (operation and maintenance) and they should develop sustainable long-term cost recovery policies, anticipating all future cash flow needs. In the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project, upon completion the projects shall be handed over to the community for effective management. Tariffs: a. All water supply connections in urban areas shall be metered starting with Industrial and com- mercial consumers to household consumers. b. The Tariffs of the Taraba Water and Sewerage Corporation shall cover operation and main- tenance cost and shall be determined by the State Water Supply Regulatory Commission as proposed by the TAWASCO. Cost Sharing formula: Agency Rural Water Supply Small Towns Water Supply Urban Water Supply Federal Govt. 50% 50% 30% State Government 25% 30% 60% Local Government 20% 15% 10% Community 5% 5% Nil Table 7.5a: Cost Sharing for Capital Investment -Water Supply TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)86 Agency Rural Water Supply Small Towns Water Supply Urban Water Supply Low tech High tech Federal Govt. Nil Nil Nil State Government Nil Nil 80% - To be recovered from IGR sourced from Tariffs 80% - To be recovered from IGR sourced from Tariffs Local Government 20%- Payments of tariffs of Public taps 20%- Payments of tariffs of Public taps 20%- Payments of tariffs of Public taps 20%- Payments of tariffs of Public taps Community 80% 80% - To be recovered from IGR sourced from Tariffs Nil Nil Table 7.5b: Cost Sharing for O & M- Water Supply Agency Rural Water Supply Small Towns Water Supply Urban Water Supply State Government 75% 80% 90% Local Government 20% 15% 10% Community 5% 5% Nil Table 7.5c: Cost Sharing For Capital Investment –Sanitation TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019) 87 CONCLUSION This WASH Policy is only a first step in the process of achieving water, sanitation and hygiene ser- vices delivery targets. The Policy will be supported with necessary legislation to facilitate imple- mentation and subsequent achievement of policy targets. This may be done through enactment of necessary amendments and additions to existing laws and regulations. Prior to policy implementation there is a critical need for baseline survey to determine or validate the present WASH coverage in the State. The survey will cover an audit of water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure including the condition of each infrastructure in terms of its functionality. This will provide the basis for determining the infrastructure required for achieving water, sanita- tion and hygiene coverage targets on an annual basis. An assessment of the capacity of the institutions responsible for sector activities is necessary to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each institution and to develop a comprehensive organisation development plan that keeps in focus the Policy thrust. The Policy will benefit from a State-wide enlightenment campaigns to empower the public to demand water, sanitation and hygiene services delivery in line with coverage targets each year. The way ahead for implementing the Policy involves several steps some of which can be carried out at the same time. These steps include: a. Establishment of wide political support for the Policy that eventually leads to ratification. b. Wider consultation amongst stakeholders at all levels with the aim of removing gaps and weaknesses. c. The operation of a carefully-targeted awareness with the aim of obtaining popular support for the new Policy. d. Preparation of investment plan for the sector. e. Preparation of implementation guidelines for the Policy. f. Use of the Policy to leverage funds from Federal Government and Donor agencies. g. Pilot-test the concepts and mechanisms proposed in the Policy as part of a learning process for the institutions to be involved in Policy implementation, monitoring and evaluation. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)88 h. Development of detailed capacity building and change management plans including staff motivation. i. Periodic review of the Policy to keep the sector abreast of relevant National and International developments. Immediate Implementation Steps. In order to implement this policy, the State Government will focus on the following key measures over the next Three (3) years: 1. Completion of the Institutional Framework; (institutional re-organization, realignment of roles and responsibilities, staff recruitment and repositioning, capacity building and skill develop- ment for effective sector service delivery). 2. Amendment of legislation; (review of existing legal framework for the sector; The WASH Sec- tor Law will make provisions for these reform elements). 3. Plan priority measures and Guidance on project implementation, monitoring and evaluation. 4. Financial support and provisions. Finally, This Policy is “Leaving No One BEHIND”. TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) POLICY. Second Edition (2019)90