National Policy on Plastic Waste Management

2 0 2 0 Foreword 8 CHAPTER ONE 12 List of Acronyms 4 Glossary 5 Acknowledgement 10 1.2 Existing Policies, Laws and Regulations related to Plastic Lifecycle 1.4 Relevant Stakeholders to Plastic Waste Management taking a Lifecycle Approach 15 1.5.3 Public health 16 1.3 Policy Justication 14 1.5.4 Impact on Agricultural 16 1.5.5 Social Well-being and Livelihoods 16 2.0 Policy Framework 17 2.1 Policy Overview 17 2.2 Plastic Waste Management Policy Statement 17 Management in Nigeria: 14 1.5 Summary Cost of Policy Inaction 15 CHAPTER TWO 17 2.3 Policy Goals 18 2.5 Guiding Principles 19 1.1 Introduction 12 1.5.2 Public nances and economy 16 1.5.1 Environment 15 2.4 Policy Objectives 18 4.0 Institutional Framework, Roles and Responsibilities 28 3.3 Managing Carbon Offsetting, Carbon Emissions and Carbon 3.0 Strategy for Policy Implementation. 21 CHAPTER THREE 21 Plastic Litter Free and Sustainable. 21 4.1 Institutional/Organisational Arrangements 28 Finance with the Plastic Economy. 26 3.1 Make Nigerian Cities, Ecosystems and Human Settlements Clean, 3.2 Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns 24 CHAPTER FOUR 28 4.2 Legislative Framework 29 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 4.3 National Steering Committee on Plastic Waste Management (NSCPWM) 32 4.6.5 National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement 4.6.3 Federal Ministries, Departments and Agencies 34 4.6.18 Public Places (Markets, Schools, Garages, Halls Etc.): 43 4.6.10 Local Government Authorities 40 4.6.11 Private Sector Players: 40 4.6.13 Producers/Manufacturers of Plastics 41 4.2.2 The Role of the Judiciary in Plastic Waste Management 31 4.6.2 The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) 34 4.6.8 State Environmental Protection Agencies 38 4.6.1 The Federal Executive and Federal Legislature 34 4.5 The Secretariat 33 Agency (NESREA) NESREA Act 2007: 36 4.6.12 Plastic Waste Generators (Residences, Communities, Businesses, Etc.): 41 4.6.6 State Governments 37 4.6.14 Civil Society Organization, Non-Governmental Organizations 4.4 The Technical Coordinating Committee 33 4.6.9 State Plastic Waste Management Authorities 39 Oragnisations. 42 4.6.15 Public 42 4.6.4 Federal Ministry of Environment The FMEnv shall: 35 4.6.16 International Organisations/ Donor Agencies: 43 4.6.17 Households: 43 4.2.1 The Role of the (Federal) Legislature in Plastic Waste Management 29 4.2.3 The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.) 31 4.6 Guiding Principles for Assigning Institutional Roles and Responsibilities 33 4.6.7 State Ministries of Environment 37 (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Faith-based 4.6.19 Environmental/Waste Management Research Institutes: 43 CHAPTER FIVE 44 5.0 Funding and Resource Mobilisation 44 5.1 Annual Budget 45 5.2 Donor Funding 45 5.3 Development Partners/ Philanthropic Organizations: Developing partners support areas for plastic waste management 45 5.4 Sector User Charges 46 5.5 Private Sector Participation (PSP) 47 5.7 Fines and Levies 48 5.8 Incentives 48 6.0 Monitoring and Evaluation 50 6.1 Government and Ministries Responsibilities with Respect to Monitoring and Evaluation. 50 CHAPTER SIX 50 6.2 Policy Review 51 ANNEXES 52 5.6 Market and Investments 47 PAGE 04 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management SWM Solid Waste Management UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization CPCB Central Pollution Control Boards GHG Greenhouse Gas IEC Information, Education and Communication CDM Clean Development Mechanism EPR Extended Producers Responsibility EU European Union Kt Kilo-tonnes MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements ARF Advanced Recycling Fees EPA Environmental Protection Agency CERs Certied Emission Reductions G7 Group of Seven G20 Group of Twenty GEF Global Environment Facility FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment GCF Green Climate Fund GPP Green Public Procurement MARPOL Marine pollution MIS Management Information Systems PDD Project Design Documents PET Polyethylene terephthalate LGA Local Government Area PPP Public Private Partnership ISO International Organization for Standardization PRO Producer Responsibility Organization PWM Plastic Waste Management SDGs Sustainable Development Goals L I S T O F A C R O N Y M N S PAGE 05 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management Carbon Credit is a tradable permit or certicate that provides the holder of the credit the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide or an equivalent of another greenhouse gas. The main goal for the creation of carbon credits is the reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from industrial activities to reduce the effects of global warming or is a generic term given to any tradable certicate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide. Carbon footprint is the total amount of all emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2 (carbon dioxide) which were induced by individual's activities directly and indirectly in a given timeframe. According to EPA, majority of human related carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and oil), the decay of solid waste and combustion of wood products. In relation to plastic waste, achieving reductions in greenhouse gases and landll waste therefore requires a sound understanding of the life-cycle of plastic packaging. Recycled plastic reduces carbon footprint of packaging. Microplastics are tiny fragments of plastic below 5mm in size,that accumulates in the air, mountainous and marine ecosystemand impacting negatively on other fauna and ora life forms The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental protection strategy with the objective of decreasing total environmental impact from a product including its packaging, by making the producers of the product responsible for the entire Carbon Offsetting is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission made elsewhere. Carbon offsets are measured in metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) and may represent six primary categories of greenhouse gases.The categories include: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), per uorocarbons (PFCs), hydroourocarbons (HFCs), and sulphur hexauoride (SF6). One carbon offset represents the reduction of one metric ton of carbon dioxide or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases. G L O S S A R Y PAGE 06 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management Repurpose/Reuse - This includes conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same function, and new-life reuse where it is used for a different function. By taking useful products and exchanging them, without reprocessing, it helps to save time, money, energy, and resources. Eco-labelling the practice of marking products (e.g Plastic products) with a distinctive label so that consumers know that their manufacture conforms to recognized environmental standards. lifecycle of the product, and, the take back recycling and nal disposal of the product including its packaging. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a set of rules and standards that govern carbon credits (ofcially called Certied Emission Reduction credits, or CERs). The process of having a project registered under the CDM requires specialized technical skills. Landlling - Landlls are used for waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling). Recycling - a process to change waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials. The recycling sector in Nigeria is dispersed between the formal and informal sector. Formal recycling units are registered, pay taxes and municipality has an account of them. Mechanical recycling is the most preferred and widely used method of recycling and it recycles polymers used in water and soft drink bottles, it may emit harmful gases due to its old design components and not having provision for pollution control. The process of sorting, cleaning and separating selected polymers increases the operating cost. The laminated plastics and carry bags remains the challenge for this process. Energy Recovery from Plastics Waste - According to research reports, the caloric value of plastic waste can be utilized as a substitute for coal. The use of plastic waste as alternative fuel source will reduce the energy cost along with CO2 emissions. During co-incineration of plastic waste in blast furnace and cement kilns, the plastic wastes are completely burnt at high temperature and the slag waste product, can be further utilized as cement and for road construction. There is low risk of generation of toxic emission due to the burning of plastics waste in this process and this process is environmentally safe. Incineration and other thermal treatments - Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, ue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the ue gas. PAGE 07 Biodegradation - is the decomposition of organic material by microorganisms. The term biodegradation is often used in relation to sewage treatment, environmental remediation (bioremediation) and to plastic materials. The denition excludes plastic products that are conceived, designed and placed on the market to accomplish within their lifecycle multiple trips or rotations by being relled or reused for the same purpose for which they are conceived. Commodity means tangible item that may be bought or sold and includes all marketable goods or wares. A signicant proportion of the shing gear placed on the market is not collected for treatment. Single-use plastic products and shing gear containing plastic are therefore a particularly serious problem in the context of marine litter and pose a severe risk to marine ecosystems, biodiversity and, potentially, to human health and are impacting activities such as tourism, sheries and shipping. Compostable plastics mean plastic that undergoes degradation by biological processes during composting to yield CO2, water, inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials, excluding conventional petro-based plastics, and does not leave visible, distinguishable or toxic residue. On-the-go-Single use plastic -: Single-use plastics products include a diverse range of commonly used fast-moving consumer products that are discarded after having been used once for the purpose for which they were provided, are rarely recycled, and are readily discarded. Annex 1 has a listing of some single use plastics. Single use plastic products can be manufactured from a wide range of plastics. Certain single-use plastic products end up in the environment as a result of inappropriate disposal through sewers or other inappropriate release into the environment. Therefore, single-use plastic products that are frequently disposed of through sewers otherwise inappropriately disposed of should be subject to marking requirements. The marking should inform consumers about appropriate waste disposal options and/or waste disposal options to be avoided and/or about the negative environmental impacts of litter as a result of inappropriate disposal. Carry bags mean bags made from plastic material or compostable plastic material, used for the purpose of carrying or dispensing commodities which have a self carrying feature but do not include bags that constitute or form an integral part of the packaging in which goods are sealed prior to use. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 08 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management Plastic waste is currently one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. Thus, managing Plastic waste has become an important concern in both domestic and international discourse for environmental preservation, efcient resource utilization and sustainable development. Nigeria is signatory to the SDGs and party to the Basel and Stockholm Conventions which have expressed concerns over the impact of plastic waste, marine plastic litter and micro plastic while emphasizing the importance of reducing consumption and ensuring environmentally sound management of plastics. The Plastic industry is very important to the Nigerian economy and increasing its sustainability can bring new opportunities for innovation and job creation, in line with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) of the country. Thus there is need for the development of the National Policy on Plastic Waste Management in order to promote environmental protection, encourage resource efciency and enhance the conservation of natural resources through sustainable production and consumption of plastics. F O R E W O R D PAGE 09 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management Consequently, the Policy was approved and adopted for implementation by the Federal Executive Council on 21st October, 2020. Therefore, the need to address the menace and challenges to reverse the trend informed the decision of Government to develop a robust plastic waste management policy intended to provide a comprehensive framework for sustainable plastic waste management in Nigeria. The objectives of the policy can only be achieved through collective commitment and participation by relevant stakeholders in the country. This policy which has been developed through a collaborative effort is presented to all Nigerians and stakeholders for implementation and support towards the protection of human health and the environment. In developing the National Policy on Plastic Waste Management, a Stakeholders' Consultative Forum was organized by the Federal Ministry of Environment to sensitize relevant stakeholders across the country on the proposed initiative. The Consultative Forum was held in Abuja on 16th October, 2018 which was followed by the appointment of a consultant by the Ministry to prepare the draft policy document. The draft document was thereafter circulated to all relevant stakeholders for their comments and inputs. A National Stakeholders Review/Validation Workshop was held on 12th September, 2019 in Abuja to review and harmonize the stakeholders input and adoption of the policy. Nigeria, like many nations is faced with gross environmental problems and plastic waste stands as one of the major challenges. Plastic use has consistently expanded due to its durability, low cost, light weight, ease of production, socio-economic development, industrialization, technological advancements, and changing lifestyles. However, there has not been an adequate provision in terms of infrastructural facilities to sustainably manage the resultant waste. Consequently, this has led to plastic wastes clogging our drainages, littering streets, high-ways, market places, water bodies and public places. This policy is aimed at; making Nigerian cities, ecosystems and human settlements clean, plastic litter-free, ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns that recognize the environmental guiding principles, waste management hierarchy and support the setting of circular plastic economy in Nigeria, managing Carbon Offsetting, carbon emissions, reducing carbon footprint and beneting from carbon credit nancing. Honourable Minister Federal Ministry of Environment Dr. Mahmood Muhammad Abubakar PAGE 10 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T The Federal Ministry of Environment, working in collaboration with relevant stakeholders coordinated the development of the National Policy on Plastic Waste Management. The Federal Ministry of Environment also appreciates the invaluable technical support of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) towards the development of the Policy. Our profound gratitude also goes to Mrs. Kitan Oluwagbuyi (Environmental Harmony), the lead consultant for her hard work and diligence in the preparation of the policy document. The Federal Ministry of Environment appreciates the contributions and inputs of the 36 State Governments, the organized Private Sector, Civil Society Organizations, the Academia, relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Development Partners, Embassies, Accredited Environmental Consultants/Waste Management Practitioners and all other stakeholders whose invaluable contributions greatly enriched the quality of this policy document as a framework for comprehensive and sustainable plastic waste management in Nigeria. PAGE 11 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management Federal Ministry of Environment Mr. Abel Olumuyiwa Enitan Permanent Secretary, It is expected that this policy shall encourage greater commitment from all stakeholders, provide clear guidance and serve as the catalyst for a more vigorous, coordinated and sustained measures to promote sound plastic waste management practice in Nigeria. PAGE 12 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 1.1 INTRODUCTION However, plastics in Nigeria are currently discarded in ways that are harmful and potentially hazardous to man and his environment. The million tonnes of plastic that litter our streets, clog up our rural and urban drains leading to ooding incidents, contaminate the soil affecting farmers and livestock's, and littering the oceans every year threatening biodiversity and human health, when openly burnt on dumpsites inadvertently releasing dioxins and furans thus increasing public health challenges and greenhouse gas emission. Plastic is a material used daily by all and sundry. Its use has become pronounced due to its durability, low cost, light weight and ease of production. Plastic is a material consisting of any wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be moulded into solid objects. They have prevailed over traditional materials, such as wood, stone, horn and bone, leaves, leather, metal, glass, and ceramic, in some products previously left to natural matter. One I N T R O D U C T I O N C H A P T E R PAGE 13 There is therefore an urgent need to tackle Plastic Waste as an environmental problems that today cast a long shadow over the production, use and consumption of plastics through circular economy initiatives to drive investment in the right direction. The plastics industry is very important to the Nigerian economy and increasing its sustainability can bring new opportunities for innovation and job creation, in line with the objectives of the sustainable development goals. Nigeria formulated its rst National Policy on the Environment in 1991 with subsequent revisions. The National Policy on Environment imbibed a holistic framework to guide the management of the natural and environmental resources of the country. As a framework document, it prescribes sectoral and cross-sectoral strategic policy statements and actions for the management of the country's resources for sustainable development. In addition to this, the National Policy on Solid Waste Management was developed to govern the waste sector. This National Policy on Plastic Waste Management derives its strength from these existing policies need to drive resources efciency, cleaner production taking cognizance of the lifecycle of plastic and the fundamental obligation for the protection of the environment as stated in Section 20 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 which provides that the “State shall protect and improve the environment and safeguard the water, air and land, forest and wild life of Nigeria”. In addition, Nigeria is party to several international treaties and Multilateral Environmental Agreements (such as the Basel Convention, the MARPOL Convention and United Nations Climate Change Convention among others) governing environmental issues and most recently the sustainable development goals. It is on the combined thrust of these instruments that the National Policy on Plastic waste Management rests. The key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievable with the development of a national policy on plasticwaste management are Goals 3,6,9,11,12,14 and 17. This policy document lays the foundations for a circular economy when it comes to plastics, where the design and production fully comply with the 5R's (Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Recovery). This will deliver greater added value in Nigeria and boost innovation. It will curb plastic pollution and its adverse impact on lives and the Nigerian environment. Rethinking and improving the functioning of such a complex value chain requires efforts and greater cooperation by all its key players, from plastics producers to wholesalers, retailers, consumers and recyclers. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 14 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 5. Draft National Healthcare Waste Policy, 2013 11. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Act No.15 of 1993 Cap NI LFN 2004 3. National Policy on Chemical Management, 2010 1.2 EXISTING POLICIES, LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATED TO PLASTIC LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: Policy Documents 4. National Policy on Municipal & Agricultural Waste Management, 2012 (Draft) 6. National Policy on Solid Waste Management, 2018 Legislation 7. National Environmental Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Wastes) Regulations S.1.9 of 1991 8. The National Environmental Protection Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Regulations S.I.15 of 1991 9. Environmental Impact Assessment Act of 1992 1. National Policy on Environment 1999 (Sub section 6.1 of Section 6.0) Revised 2016 10. Harmful waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Act CAP HI LFN 2004 2. National Policy of Environmental Sanitation, 2005 12. Import Prohibition Act CAP 13 LFN 2004 13. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act No. 25 of 2007 14. National Environmental Regulation (Sanitation and Wastes Control) S.I.28 of2009 Section 13(1-5);18(1) a,b. 15. National Environmental (Food, Beverages and Tobacco Sector) Regulations, S. I. No. 33 of 2009 Section 6 (3); 19. National Environmental Regulations, S. I. (Electrical/Electronic Sector) No 23 of 2011 Section 8(4,5). 1.3 POLICY JUSTIFICATION 18. National Environmental Regulations, S. I. No. 19 of (Construction Sector) 2011 Section 6(1,2); 20. N a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l ( B a s e M e t a l , I r o n a n d S t e e l Manufacturing/Recycling Industries Sector) Regulations, 2011, 11(1a) 16. National Environmental (Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Soap and Detergent Manufacturing Industries) Regulations, S. I. No. 36 of 2009 Section 6 (3); 17. National Environmental (Domestic and Industrial Plastic, Rubber and Foam Sector) Regulations, S. I. No. 17 of 2011 Section 6(2), 7(3); Over the years the demand for plastics in Nigeria has grown. About 70% of plastic raw materials used in Nigeria are imported (mainly from the Middle East, Europe and Asia) and only 30% produced locally. In the years 2008 to 2015, imports of plastic raw materials increased annually by 7.2% from 464 kt to 754 kt, +62.5%. This makes Nigeria one of Africa's largest importer of plastics in primary forms. PAGE 15 Growing pressures of plastic litters on our cities, farms, atmospheric & · marine ecosystems and biodiversity. 1.5 SUMMARY COST OF POLICY INACTION Increased greenhouse emission burden, public health issues, and · climate change challenges because the substances emitted by the incineration or open burning of plastic-containing refuse are often hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonia, carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphides hydrogen and dioxins. The summary cost of policy inaction to the lifecycle management of plastic would result in increasing the unsustainability of the Nigerian Environment in the following areas: 1.5.1 Environment: Equally the per capita consumption of plastics in Nigeria has grown by 5% annually over the past 10 years from 4.0kg in 2007 to 6.5kg in 2017 and it is estimated to be 7.5kg by 2020. Seasonal demand factors shortened product lifecycle fueled by the growing use of 'single-use' plastics, have increased the consumption patterns of plastic goods. Field survey in 2017 on plastic waste generation in Nigeria revealed that the packaging industries contributed 63%, while the electrical and electronics contributed 8%, construction and demolition contributed 5%, agriculture 2%, Non packaging households and others contributed 18%. The survey estimated about 1.5 million tonnes of plastic waste are generated in Nigeria every year. Of these less than 30% of such waste is collected for recycling. 1.4 RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS TO PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT TAKING A LIFECYCLE APPROACH The collected and uncollected waste managed through open dumping practices and /or burning ultimately presents a serious concern for various environmental media, including the terrestrial (contamination of farm soil), atmospheric (microplastic-related lung infection) and aquatic environments thus causing causes economic damage to activities such as tourism, sheries and shipping. In addition to these facts, is the knowledge that plastics production and the incineration of plastic waste give rise globally to tonnes of CO2 a year. Thus, raising the need for plastic waste Management taking cognisance of lifecycle approach in Nigeria to develop systemic solutions that make, use, reuse and prevent plastic from becoming waste. Relevant Stakeholders to plastic waste management from the standpoint of production through usage to its disposal that this policy needs to address include the plastic raw materials producers, (primary manufacturers) the plastic materials users in, converting, branding and products marketing,- Primary users/consumers of products packaged in plastic, those involved in plastic waste materials collection, recycling, reusing, recovery, operations for production, import or export or management and users of alternatives to plastic. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 16 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 1.5.3 Public health: Contamination of food chain from ingestion of microplastic through eating of shellsh mussels, oysters and others such as honey and milk. Marine litter creates economic pressures on the shipping sector · (fouled motors, lost output and repair costs), shing ('ghost shing' by lost and discarded nets). · Potential loss of income and livelihoods to livestock farming and operational activities, 1.5.5 Social Well-being and Livelihoods: Reduction in life expectancy and active population (labor force) from burning of plastics and respiratory problems. 1.5.2 Public nances and economy: 1.5.4 Impact on Agricultural from visual pollution of the soil; reduction of agricultural areas and the inltration coefcient of the soil; decline in agricultural output; production of Persistent Organic Pollutants (dioxins and furans) during close burning of arable land; and possible inhibition of photosynthesis, which is essential for the production of organic matter useful for all living beings. · Potential loss of income and livelihoods from tourism and recreation activities. · Loss of material value of plastic packaging material to the economy after a very short rst-use cycle. · Economic burden on local authorities through cleanup costs are estimated in millions of Naira on a need basis, PAGE 17 Nigeria is focussed on developing a modern, low-carbon, resource and energy efcient circular plastics economy and making tangible contributions to reaching its 2030 Sustainable Development Goals as well as implementing her commitments on the stated international conventions in section 1.1. 2.1 POLICY OVERVIEW The strategy is to lay the foundations to, where the design and production of plastics and plastic products fully respect reuse, repair and recycling needs and more sustainable materials are developed and promoted. This will deliver greater added value and prosperity in Nigeria and boost innovation. It will curb plastic pollution and its adverse impact on our lives and the environment. 2.2 PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY STATEMENT The overall goal of the National Policy on Plastic Waste Management is to promote sustainable use of plastic as a resource through its life cycle management. 2.0 POLICY FRAMEWORK TwoC H A P T E R P O L I C Y F R A M E W O R K National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 18 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management · To develop legislative instruments, standards, trade measures, models and systems that shall support plastic waste management taking cognisance of the lifecycle in an environmentally sustainable and socially safe manner in the country while boosting economic growth by year 2025. · To Reduce Plastic Waste Generation in the) environments by 50% of its baseline gure of 2020 by year 2025. 2.3 POLICY GOALS · To limit the impact of littering of certain single use on the go plastic packaging product and waste materials in the Nigerian environment. · To reduce plastic debris from land-based activities that becomes (atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic ) litter in line with respective environmental Conventions by 50% of its baseline gure of 2020 by year 2025 · To reduce the global warming and greenhouse effects associated with Plastic production through usage to its waste disposal by 60% by year 2030. · To phase out Single-Use on the go Plastic Bags and Styrofoam (Micron > 30µ) effectively by December 2028. · To ban four categories of single use on the go plastic such as plastic bags, cutlery, Styrofoam, Straws effectively from January 2025. · To transform all plastic products, packaging materials and its waste to a resource · To effect levy and sector user charges on Single use on the go Plastic under the Extended Producer Responsibility effectively from May 2021 · To ensure that all plastic packaging in the market meet at least two criterion of being recyclable or biodegradable or compostable or reusable by 2030 · To promote the sustainable use of alternatives to single use plastics e.g. Jute bags, leaves, paper glass bottles etc from May 2020 . · To generate a database on plastic from production through use to its disposal including import or export taking cognisance of lifecycle approach in the country for informed decisions on partnerships with relevant stakeholders (brands, retailers, manufacturers, recyclers, NGOs, governments and local authorities) around a specic goal. 2.4 POLICY OBJECTIVES The objective of the National Policy on Plastic Waste Management is to promote environmental protection, resource and energy-efcient circular plastics economy and enhance the conservation of natural resources through sustainable production and consumption of plastics, in line with the sustainable development objectives of the country. The goal will be achieved by the following objectives: i. Make Nigerian cities, ecosystems and human settlements clean, plastic litter-free and sustainable. ii. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns that recognize the environmental guiding principles, waste management hierarchy and support the setting of circular plastic economy in Nigeria. iii. Managing Carbon Offsetting, carbon emissions, reducing carbon footprint and beneting from carbon credit nancing. PAGE 19 The following principles shall be applied for the attainment of these objectives: ii. Circular Plastic Economy - A circular economy aims to design out waste. Basically, from a take-make- use-dispose model to a re-use-recycle-re use-recycle- re-use- recycle model. iv. The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental protection strategy with the objective of decreasing total environmental impact from a product including its packaging, by making the producers of the product responsible for the entire lifecycle of the product, and the take back recycling and nal disposal of the product including its packaging. 2.5 GUIDING PRINCIPLES i. Environmental Right, which ensures that every Nigerian has a right to a clean and healthy environment and a duty to safeguard and enhance the environment; iii. Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste and materials as close to zero as possible, conserve and recover all resources and not burn or bury them. v. Environmental Offsetting, which requires that where for exceptional reasons of overriding public interest, the general obligation to protect threatened or endangered species and natural systems that are of special importance to sustaining life, providing livelihoods, or general wellbeing cannot be provided, such cost-effective offsetting measures must be undertaken by the proponents of an activity to restore as nearly as may be feasible the lost environmental services to the community; vii. The Polluter Pays Principle, which prescribes that the polluter should bear the cost of preventing, and remediating pollution; vi. Pollution Prevention Pays Principle, which encourages Industry to invest responsibly to prevent pollution; x. The Subsidiarity Principle, which reects a preference for making decisions at the lowest level of government or social organization where the issue can be effectively managed; xii. The Principle of Intra-Generational Equity, which requires that different groups of people within the country and within the present generation have the right to benet equally from the exploitation of resources and that they have equal right to a clean and healthy environment; viii. The User Pays Principle in which the cost of a resource to a user must include all the environmental costs associated with its extraction, transformation and use (including the costs of alternative or future uses forgone); xi. The Principle of Inter-Generational Equity, which requires that the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs; ix. The Precautionary Principle, which holds that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, the lack of full scientic knowledge shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective means to prevent environmental degradation; xiii. The Principle of Participation, which requires that decisions should, as much as possible, be made by the people or on their behalf by representatives chosen by them; National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 20 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management xvi. Integrated Ecosystem Approach to conserving environmental resources is adopted and enhanced to ensure that all the country's ecosystems are managed for sustainable development and benets of the people. xiv. International Cooperation in which the country will domesticate multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) and regional instruments and implement them cooperatively for better environmental management of shared resources. xv. Good Environmental Governance in which rule of law, effective institutions, transparency and accountability, respect for human rights and the meaningful participation of citizens will be integrated in environmental management; PAGE 21 3.0 STRATEGY FOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION. The ultimate success of the implementation of the National Policy on Plastic Waste Management in Nigeria shall depend on strategic goals, and inherent policy measures and actions on the goals taken at the three tiers of government (Federal, State and Local Governments and their relevant Agencies) and their commitments to discharge the roles assigned to them in this policy. The strategies shall include: The Policy Measures and Actions to achieve the Strategic Goals for Plastic Waste Management in a lifecycle approach in Nigeria are elucidated in the following sections: 3.1 MAKE NIGERIAN CITIES, ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS CLEAN, PLASTIC LITTER FREE AND SUSTAINABLE. 1. Each state of the federation and local government should recognize the ThreeC H A P T E R S T R A T E G Y F O R P O L I C Y I M P L E M E N T A T I O N National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 22 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 14. Starting from 2020, there shall be introduction of recycling rate targets for each sector, council, city and states; f. Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Non-Infectious/ Non-Hazardous –Brown (Brown) 12. Each state and local government is to develop and introduce a policy directive and appropriate regulatory framework for setting of targets for each city and towns in their jurisdiction to recycle appropriate percentage of their household and commercial waste generated and signicant percentage of construction and demolition waste to meet sustainable development goals by 2030. 13. Starting from 2020, all State governments, Local government and Ward Councils shall set waste management plans and targets every decade. g. Non-Clinical –Black (Black) need to manage plastic waste through a lifecycle approach so that it does not endanger human health or harm the environment. 2. Plastic waste management should not pose risks to air, water, soil, plants or animals, nor be nuisance through odors or noise, nor adversely affect places of special interest at state, national or international level particularly international waters. 4. Each state of the Federation and local government should adopt the waste hierarchy that sets an order of priorities for circular economy. 5. Each State and local government could use ofcial development assistance to support the development of effective and environmentally sound waste collection, sorting, and recycling infrastructure, including incentives or requirements for plastics source separation. 6. Introduction of multiple stream collection systems allowing separated collection of recyclables; 7. Creation of strategic plastic collection hub and recycling centers across the federation to plastic waste litter and management through provision of a systemic and integrated process. 8. The Federal government shall promote stronger environmental standards in plastic sorting and recycling. 9. The Federal Government Shall Boost innovation that supports product design for reuse and recycling. 3. Each state and local government to improve the current collection and disposal systems (from the use of “open” dump sites—to controlled dumpsites and/ or sanitary landll systems) by 2025 10. Coordinated efforts on the provision of public Research & Development support and incentives for the development of more efcient processing technologies. 11. Each state and local government should enforce the colour coding of waste bins or receptacles for sorting and sound management of waste as indicated below: a. Organics, Compostable and bio-degradable – Green (Green) b. Recyclable waste – Blue (Blue) c. Infectious waste—Yellow (Yellow) d. Pathological – Yellow (Yellow) e. All Sharps – Yellow ( with markings as Sharps) Yellow PAGE 23 15. Increased stringency of controlled dumpsites, landll and incineration fees to better reect the full social cost of these activities. 16. Support availability of operational recycling plants across states in the federation. 18. Institute reduction in on- the- go single use plastics through restriction on availability of free plastic shopping bags and concerted efforts to nd a viable alternative 19. To standardize by regulation the minimum thickness of single use plastic to increase the recyclability 21. From 2025 commence a phasal ban on the categories of on- the- go single use packaging items as stated in annex 1; 20. From 2021 there shall be economic instruments to discourage open dumping and even landlling for recyclables . 25. All state shall Invest in waste collection infrastructure and services (including at ports), 26. All states shall ensure waste management infrastructure and wastewater treatment facilities avoid dispersion of litter into the marine environment particularly in coastal areas or near rivers. 27. All States shall Increase signicantly the recovery of plastic waste through recycling hubs or centres 24. Provide state-of-the-art waste-management technology with detailed data on waste composition, volume, and pathways; local infrastructure; wage structure; waste-picker systems; feedstock-supply security; energy prices; feed-in tariffs; and off take agreements 17. Promote recycling targets and responsible use/disposal From the year 2020 there will be national and state-wide targets for plastic waste collected, recycled and reused for various applications and volumes every ve (5) to ten (10) years, towards meeting targets of recycling 65% of municipal waste by 2030; recycling 75% of packaging waste by 2030; to reduce landll to maximum of 10% of municipal waste by 2030; 50% of all plastic waste to be recycled by 2030; and each state to reduce the use of plastic bags per person by 50%. 28. The Federal Ministry of Environment shall Institute Collection Permits under a strengthened permitting system that incorporates extended producer responsibility EPR; 22. The Federal Ministry of Environment shall Require Mandatory EPR schemes, most notably on all packaging items and introduce by law a nationwide bottle deposit requirement by December 2021, a 5% deposit refund schemes for beverage containers; 5% charge on all single use grocery bag by year 2022. 23. Ban on importation of foreign non-recyclables materials 29. Federal Ministry of Environment to Develop guidance documents and regulations to meet- SDG Target 14.1 which states by 2025, prevent and signicantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, particularly from land based activities; SDG 15.9 which states by 2020, integrate ecosystems and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes and poverty reduction strategies and accounts, SDG 11.6 which states by 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 24 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 30. Each state of the Federation and local government to Raise awareness among consumers to discourage littering, increase waste sorting, improve waste disposal, promote beach clean-ups and better communications on purchasing habits to increase demand for sustainable substitutes. impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality, municipal and other waste manangement in achieving plastic litter environment; 3.2 ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS NOTE: 3. New legislations should be put in place for micron standards and information requirements on recycled content, recyclability, recoverability and/ or biodegradability on all plastic products. 4. Use of different materials that are reusable recyclable and compostable in place of plastics for packaging. e.g suitably sourced multilayer materials from agricultural and forestry by products which could be used as packaging materials for stand-up food pouches for products like nuts, dried fruits and rice. 5. The Federal Government through the Federal Ministry of Environment in collaboration with Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (FMITI) to prohibit for unnecessary and damaging products or activities where viable environmentally sustainable substitutes exist; 6. The Federal Government through the Federal Ministry of Environment in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (FMITI) to institute ecolabelling criteria with respect to all plastic products, produced, imported or sold within the Nigerian market and packaging materials. 1. Gathering of Data on plastic waste generated, consumed and discarded by forming partnership with all stakeholders (retailers, brands, manufacturers, recyclers, NGOs and Government authority) in the plastic industry. 2. Improve legislation on plastic lifecycle management that provides clear denitions of plastic polymers, waste and secondary raw materials by the Federal Government. 7. Support for Research& Development for improved plastics management systems and the sustainable design of plastics. The support would be in form of resources (e.g funds, research materials and equipment's, suggestions/ ideas etc). Towards ensuring resource efciency, sustainable consumption and production patterns; The policy measures and actions shall include: 8. Creation of incentives for better product and plastics design (e.g. design for reuse and recycling), through the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC) for Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (FMITI) such as through better designed extended producer responsibility, product stewardship and deposit-refund systems; 9. Federal Government to institute Taxes on the use of virgin plastics or PAGE 25 13. Introduction of recycled content standards, targeted public procurement requirements, or recycled content labelling; 16. Creation of requirements to collect and recycle all types of plastic products; 18. Restrictions on the use of hazardous additives in plastics manufacturing. 10. Introduce economic measures, tax, levies and charges on all on- the -go single use plastics (As Listed in annex -1) and plastic products towards its ultimate ban. 11. Placing levies on single use plastic bags for shopping and encouraging the use of shopping bags made with recyclable materials such as jute or cotton woven bags. 22. The Federal ministry of Environment to set up modalities for Institution of award for innovative solutions that add up to meeting SD Goals. 14. Creation of consumer education and awareness campaigns (concerning the environmental benets of recycled plastics) in order to stimulate demand for products containing recycled plastics 19. All the three tiers of government, federal, state and local government to Promote Green Public Procurement that supports environmental sustainability. 12. Improving awareness on the effects of single use plastics to the environment at large including the marine environment. differentiated value added taxes for recycled plastics or plastic products; 15. A certication scheme for recyclable products and packaging shall be instituted for specic plastic materials and other recyclables as the need arises. 17. Facilitation of better coordination and communication across the plastics value chain, including through the promotion of chemical information systems; 20. The Federal Ministry of Environment to Develop guidance documents on how to improve the sorting and collection of recyclable plastic by consumers. 21. The Federal Ministry of Environment to Develop guidance documents and regulations to meet SDG Targets 12.4 which states by 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their lifecycle, SDG Target 12.5 which states by 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention , reduction, recycling, and reuse; SDG 12.6 which requires member states to encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle; SDG 12.7 which is to promote public procurement practices that are sustainable in accordance with national policies and priorities; SDG Target12b which requires states to develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism which creates jobs, promotes local culture and products towards achieving the resource efciency, sustainable consumption and production patterns. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 26 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management e. Segregation of inorganic matter and recycling f. Construction of Sanitary Landlls with Methane Capture and Flaring, and Electricity Generation b. Construction of Sanitary Landlls with Decentralized Methane Capture and Flaring a. Construction of Sanitary Landlls with Centralized Methane Capture and Flaring 6. The Federal Ministry of Environment needs to develop technical guidelines on the article 6 of the paris agreement as it relates to carbon capture and nancing and facilitate participation by organisations which includes the following among others: c. Construction of Sanitary Landlls with Semi-Aerobic System d. Segregation of organic waste and composting 2. The Federal Ministry of Environment shall improve feedstock change with CCU, Carbon-Recycling and biomass by separating and capturing CO2 emitted from manufacturing activities and recycling it as feedstock, it will be possible to achieve CO2 emission reduction from industries, and secure a stable supply of natural resources Towards mitigating the contribution of plastic waste to climate change particularly in relation to the emission of the greenhouse gases methane and ethylene, which are released from plastic wasteunder the inuence of sunlight, the policy measures Pursuant to Article 4(3) and 4(9) of the Paris Agreement, all countries are to enter a ve-year cycle of communicating NDCs, with each representing a “progression” beyond the previous one. Parties to the Paris Agreement are to show their “highest possible ambition, reecting its common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances”.shall include: 3.3 MANAGING CARBON OFFSETTING, CARBON EMISSIONS AND CARBON FINANCE WITH THE PLASTIC ECONOMY. 1. The Federal Ministry of Environment shall adopt and enforce ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors, including plastic production and through to its waste disposal 3. The Federal Ministry of Environment shall promote using wastes, such as plastic wastes, as a carbon source, and using biomass not only for primary chemical products but also for cellulose nanober and other highly functional materials are also important. 4. The Federal Government through the relevant ministry shall promote CO2 capture technologies in which carbon sources, such as biomass and waste, can be stably and efciently managed. 5. Each states and local government need to promote participation in Carbon credits and carbon nancing available for waste management related projects as dened under the paris agreement Nearly every piece of plastic begins as a fossil fuel, and greenhouse gases are emitted at each stage of the plastic lifecycle: 1) fossil fuel extraction and transport, 2) plastic rening and manufacture, 3) managing plastic waste, and 4) plastic's ongoing impact once it reaches our oceans, waterways, and landscape. PAGE 27 8. The Federal Ministry of Environment needs to Develop guidance documents for offset programs that can receive credits for recycling in much the same manner as is currently done for renewable energy projects that offset grid electricity generation. 9. From 2020, future plastics producers and manufacturers, converters, and brand owners using plastic in the country should have a legal obligation through the Federal Ministry of Environment in cooperation with Industry Trade and Investment to measure the carbon footprint of their products. 7. Organisation should be encouraged to Developing and Registering a Project for carbon credits and carbon nancing across the states. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 28 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management The legal, administrative and regulatory institutional framework for achieving coordination on the overall goals and primary objectives for plastic Waste management stems inter alia from the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, National Policy on Environment, National Environmental Sanitation Policy and the National Policy on Solid Waste Management as well as other relevant establishment laws of the Federation. 4.0 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES This policy is for all established Federal, State and Local institutions down to the community level. A well-articulated institutional framework for PWM would facilitate coordinative and collaborative relationships among stakeholders. The enactment of this policy will enhance and provide a backbone for a robust and enduring institutional and legal framework for plastic waste management through a lifecycle perspective in Nigeria. 4.1 INSTITUTIONAL/ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FourC H A P T E R I N S T I T U T I O N A L F R A M E W O R K , R O L E S A N D R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S PAGE 29 g) International Organisations/Donor Agencies The policy will be effectuated at the national level and cascaded down to all other levels of Governance. The FMEnv shall ensure the implementation of this policy as a minimum requirement across the country and provide direction and basic guidelines for plastic waste management in a lifecycle approach specically and solid waste management in general in the States through the relevant State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). a) Federal Level Institutions: Federal Government of Nigeria (Executive and Legislative), Federal Ministry of Environment (lead agency overseeing implementation of National Policy on Plastic Waste Management), Relevant Stakeholder Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) b) State Level Institutions: State Government, State Ministries of Environment, State Waste Management Authorit ies, State Environmental Protection Agencies/Boards, Stakeholder MDAs' at States level The institutional framework for Plastic lifecycle Management in Nigeria: c) Local Government Institutions: L.G Authority, Environmental Health Departments in LGAs', d) Community Level Institutions: Town Unions, Ruler-ship institutions, Age Grades'. e) Private Sector Participants: Manufacturer Association of Nigeria, Organised Private Trade Sector (OPTS), Service Industries Groups, Construction sector groups Waste Management rms, Waste “Scavengers”, Transportation companies, All Waste Generators (Industries, Manufacturers, Hotels, Educational institutions, etc.) f) Civil Society Organizations: CBOs/NGOs/ Faith based organizations The Federal government of Nigeria is charged with establishing institutional and legal frameworks for solid waste management and the subset of plastic waste management taking cognizance of its lifecycle. The policy and legislative framework for plastic waste management encompasses the executive, legislative and judiciary at the federal, state and local governments down to communities' structure. This policy shall cascade as follows: i) Public and Private Places 1. Foster successful implementation of the “Policy, Guidelines” and “Action The Legislature shall enact appropriate legislation that will; The institutional framework within the legislature responsible for policy and regulatory matters on Plastic life-cycle and the environment in general are: The Senate Committee on the Environment and Ecology; and, The House Committee on the Environment; at the Federal level. Both committees play important roles: h) All Waste Generators Including Households THE FEDERAL LEGISLATURE 4.2 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 4.2.1 The Role of the (Federal) Legislature in Plastic Waste Management National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 30 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 2. Give special attention to Plastic waste management in the implementation of the PWM in the National Development Agenda of the Country and particularly the Climate Change Nationally Determined contributions (NDCs). 3. Establishment of the principle of circular economy, waste recovery, extended product responsibility, shared responsibility and environmental protection; 4. Incorporation of the concept of discarded material, with a view to promoting and dynamizing its use within the production processes, as part of the product life cycle; 7. Prevent the indiscriminate disposal of plastic waste into water bodies and particularly into the international waters. Plans” for a sustainable and effective management of Plastic waste taking cognizance of its lifecycle approach within the country. 5. Regulate the design, establishment, and performance standards for landlls and all plastic waste management technologies to be utilized within the country. 8. Ensure that appropriate assessment is carried out on plastic waste recycling/ recovery, treatment facilities before commencement of operation and at dened time periods throughout the life of the facility in collaboration with appropriate Federal Ministry, Agencies and Regulatory Authority Such as the Federal Ministry of Environment, Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment). 9. Incorporate applicable principles and domesticate appropriate international conventions, protocols and treaties into laws and practices in the management of plastic through its lifecycle within the country. 10. Focus strongly on the data from every stage of the lifecycle of plastic to support the environmental decisions for its circular management of its production, procurement, storage, usage, treatment, recycle, recovery, and disposal 11. Review old laws and regulations and adopt new regulations that will make plastic waste programs achievable in a lifecycle manner under a circular economy. 6. Prevent the indiscriminate disposal of plastic waste into and onto land. 13. Strengthening of inspecting and sanctioning powers of the Enforcement Agency of the Federal Ministry of Environment (NESREA) clarifying and further elaborating what constitutes infringement of the law and increasing nes for inadequate solid waste management and particularly plastic waste. 14. Ensure the plastic lifecycle management program evaluation and long-term priorities settings are made and achievable. 12. Review and reform existing national/state legislations and regulations relating to plastic waste management in order to create a legislative framework which gives legal effect to this Policy, and facilitates a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable approach to PWM. PAGE 31 1. Have jurisdiction and power over all Plastic waste matters taking cognizance of its lifecycle as specied under any environmental protection law, regulations or sanitation and waste management laws of the country (Federal, State and Local Government levels) 4.2.2 The Role of The Judiciary in Plastic Waste Management 1. The State and L.G legislatures at their individual levels of governance shall have the right to introduce more complementary legislations in their areas of jurisdiction but ensure always standards must not be lower than that stipulated at the Federal level. 2. Shall reserve the right to add, delete or change plastic waste management taxes and fees to enforce scale up of plastic lifecycle Management activities. Legislative discretion is however required to ensure the burden of Waste taxes is not too high as to become a dis-incentive to effective and sustainable PWM. The judiciary shall: 2. Provide mechanisms for resolution of plastic lifecycle jurisdiction and management concerns between different tiers of government, public institutions, private agencies and individuals. 6. Be guided on environmental sentencing information 4.2.3 The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.) The FMEnv being the apex organization responsible for the articulation of policy regulations and “benchmark” guidelines for plastic waste management taking cognizance of its lifecycle for sustainable development in Nigeria, shall have the following responsibilities: 1. Periodically review and update the “National Policy on Plastic Waste Management” in collaboration with relevant stakeholders The judiciary system shall be responsible for the interpretation of principles, protocols, rules and legislations, and the trial of defaulters in relation to the management of plastic through its lifecycle. 4. Provide public access to management dispute resolution and remedy 5. Provide management dispute resolution mechanisms, public interest litigation protocols, class action legal processes and the ability to represent and protect the interest of future generations. STATE AND L.G LEGISLATURE 2. Develop guidelines for managing certain product- related, hazardous and difcult plastic waste streams which pose signicant risks to health and/or the environment. 3. Ensure that Environmental and Social Impact Assessment studies and all other necessary Environmental, Social and Health Safeguards studies are THE JUDICIARY 3. Establish specialized tribunals for issues with respect to plastic waste management, as undertaken in other areas of national life such as with trade or labour disputes. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 32 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 8. Actively promote collaboration between policy and regulatory agencies concerned with PWM at all tiers of governance and provide sufcient resources and powers to tackle plastic waste dumping, littering and other illegal activities effectively. 4.3 NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE ON PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (NSCPWM) 9. Establish criteria and guidelines, and implement a programme, for annual inspections of all licensed waste management facilities. carried out prior to the establishment of such plastic waste management facilities or plastic recycling and recovery facilities. 4. Regular technical and environmental assessments and monitoring are carried out to ensure that the facilities function in optimal efciency as not to cause environmental and health pollution throughout the entire life cycle of the facility. 5. Execute a general “duty of care” regime on any person who imports, produces, procures, carries, keeps, treats or disposes of plastic waste; or, acts as a broker, has control of plastic waste; and publish a detailed statutory code of practice on the responsibilities and actions required to comply with such “duty of care”. 6. Ensure all States and local government policies, regulations and by-laws relating to plastic waste specically and all PWM are aligned and harmonized with national policies, goals, legislations and regulations. 7. Review and, where necessary, penalties for “non-compliance” to reect the nature of the offences and potential harm caused, and to create an appropriate deterrence. 4.3.1 There shall be a National Steering Committee on Plastics Waste Management (NSCPWM). 4.3.2 The Honourable Minister of Environment in consultation with relevant stakeholders shall constitute the committee with one representative drawn from Federal Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Development, Industry, Trade and Investment , Environment, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), National Inland Waterways Authority(NIWA), State Inland Waterways, Health and Labour with one representative each from the Representatives of the State Ministry of Environment from each state, Manufacturers association of Nigeria, Academia, Research institutions, Professional bodies and Civil society. 4.3.3 The National Steering Committee shall be co-chaired by the Federal Ministry of Environment as well as Industry, Trade and Investment. As stated, inter- alia, The Federal Ministry of Environment being the apex organisation responsible for the articulation of the policy regulation on solid waste remains the same for the plastic waste management taking cognisance of its lifecycle approach in Nigeria. 4.3.4 The Vice Chairmanship of the Committee shall be rotated among the remaining three core Ministries (Agriculture& Rural Development, Industry, Trade& PAGE 33 Investment, Labour, NIMASA, NIWA) in an alphabetical order and shall not be below the rank of a Director. 4.5.1 A Secretariat shall be established to provide all secretarial services to the NSCPWM and the TCC. The secretariat will be in Federal Ministry of Environment. a. Decentralization in planning and implementation 4.4.2 Membership of the TCC shall be ofcers not below Grade Level 14 b. priority setting and review of issues and strategies for policy implementation. To advise the National Steering Committee on Plastic Waste Management on all technical matters relating to Environmentally Sound management of plastic waste. a. capacity building needs, action plans, programmes and development of institutional and human resources to strengthen capacity requirements for proper implementation of this policy 4.6 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR ASSIGNING INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 4.5 THE SECRETARIAT 4.5.3 Members of the Secretariat are to be drawn from the core stakeholders. 4.3.5 Membership of the NSCPWM shall be ofcers not below Grade Level 15 c. receive reports and recommendations from the Technical Coordinating Committee. 4.4.1 There shall be a Technical Coordinating Committee (hereinafter called the TCC), made up of one representative from each Participating Agencies and Organizations (PAO), which shall be co-chaired by the Directors in charge of Plastic Management through its lifecycle in the Federal Ministries of Environment, Industry Trade and Investment as well as Health. b. Sustainability (effective nancial and organizational structure) The guiding principles for assigning institutional roles and responsibilities include: 4.3.7 This committee shall advise the Federal Government on: 4.4.3 The purpose of the TCC shall be: 4.3.6 The purpose of the National Steering Committee on Plastic Waste Management is to promote and coordinate a coherent, co-ordinated, continuous and cost-efcient approach to plastic lifecycle management and a plastic economy hinged on circular approach in Nigeria. 4.4 THE TECHNICAL COORDINATING COMMITTEE 4.5.2 The Secretariat shall be headed by the Deputy Director in charge of Waste management in the Federal Ministry of Environment. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 34 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 4.6.2 The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) 1. Have the overarching responsibility for ensuring effective solid waste and specically plastic waste management sector performance and coordination 1. The FGN shall empower organizations at the Federal, State and Local government levels with the necessary authority, powers and capabilities for effective and sustainable plastic waste management specically, and solid waste management in general. 2. The FGN shall make budgetary allocations and approvals for ensuring and assisting States and LG Authorities implement effective plastic waste management in Nigeria. 3. Provide a platform for liaisons between the FMEnv and the Executive, PWM Stakeholders, and the Executive and Legislative institutions The Federal Government of Nigeria through the FMEnv is charged with establishing institutional frameworks for plastic waste management specically and solid waste management in general. 4. Participate in developing, ratication and domestication of international legislations, conventions, protocols, treaties, and principles on plastic waste specically and ensure their application and implementation in the country. 4.6.3 Federal Ministries, Departments and Agencies Shall: 1. The ministries and agencies at the Federal level including the Federal 3. Set minimum standards and guidelines for plastic waste management specically taking cognizance of its lifecycle and Solid waste Management in general in Nigeria and ensure that they are applied and implemented across the country as a minimum standard. 2. Provide guidance to the FMEnv on matters relating to solid waste and specically plastic lifecycle management and the environment as a whole c. Comprehensive system to deal with accumulations and daily generated plastic waste d. Building of infrastructure and prioritizing infrastructure maintenance e. Making use of the existing local experience, building on existing efforts and available resources g. Data Acquisition and Management Synergy THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE The Senate Committee on Environment and Industry and House Committee on Environment are institutionally responsible for legislating and making of laws guiding effective and sustainable waste management practices in Nigeria. 4.6.1 The Federal Executive and Federal Legislature f. Increasing the level of awareness FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PAGE 35 2. These agencies shall be responsible for the provision of guidelines and/or capacity building measures in the eld of administration, nancial management, technical systems and environmental protection. 4.6.4 Federal Ministry of Environment The FMEnv shall: Ministry of Environment (FMEnv), and National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA), shall provide guidance to the State governments through the State Ministries of Environment and any other relevant ministry, agencies and parastatals to execute their plastic waste management obligations and duties. 1. Review and update the “National Plastic Waste Management Policy” every 5 years to Support and ensure that State and Local governments have the authority, power, technical and personnel capacity to effectively manage plastic waste taking cognisance of its lifecycle. 4. Initiate relevant programmes, provide a Center for Environmental Education and create awareness for improved Plastic Waste Management practices among critical stakeholders and the public. 10. Encourage local, regional and national NGOs, CBOs, CDAs, Faith-based Organizations to participate in diagnosing plastic waste management problems and proffer solutions and participate in solutions and projects implementations. 11. Assist in development of technical and nancial capacity for public and 7. Solve cross-jurisdictional issues between government agencies and establish appropriate forms of association between metropolitan areas with respect to plastic waste management 5. Develop and circulate approved environmental standards for technology and equipment procurement with necessary collaboration with for Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (FMITI) through its agencies the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON). 8. Have overall responsibility and oversight on issues to do with the Basel Convention on the Control of trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (and all other international conventions, treaties, and protocols relevant to plastic wastes management to which Nigeria is a signatory), so as to ensure non-dumping of wastes by other nations in the country, effective, safe and sustainable plastic waste management and thus protect national health and the environment. 9. Develop, set and circulate minimum environmental standards with regards to plastic material production, technology, personnel and duty-of-care responsibilities for public and private sector participants in manufacturing and Plastic Waste Management services and ensure their implementation. 6. Classify Plastic Lifecycle Management facilities that require EIA and other Environmental, Social and Health Safeguards certication. 2. Promote activities on waste minimization, sorting/segregation at source, re use, recycling and recovery for plastic waste in line with meeting the sustainable development goals agenda. 3. Provide or source for funds for programmes development, specialized studies and capacity building on Plastic waste Management including encouragement of and funding of research works in educational institutions. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 36 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management private sector agencies and participants in all areas of the Plastic Lifecycle Value chain. 15. Organize tracking programs identifying NGOs' and CBOs' involved in environmental works in general, and plastic waste management and assist with funding and building their capacities. 20. To inuence market trends by making sustainable and green trends through ecolabelling strategies; 19. Provision of minimum standard for the establishment of infrastructures that supports sustainable plastic waste management in the country. 4.6.5 National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) NESREA Act 2007: 17. Monitoring and performance evaluation for all waste management activities in the country. 13. Encourage the establishment of environmental group's at all educational levels and in public and private institutions and organizations. 12. Develop and maintain through its departments and agencies especially the “Department of Pollution Control & Environmental Health” and NESREA a robust Monitoring and Evaluation system to ensure a sustainable, effective, and continually improving plastic lifecycle value chain system in the country. 14. Improve on existing and introduce new incentives to encourage investments and private sector participation in the waste management sector as mandated by Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment through the Nigerian Investment Commission (NIPC). 16. Seek collaboration with international donor agencies to assist public and private institutions, organizations and persons' in assessing funding to aid research works on waste management, and in development and expansion of waste management schemes and programs. 18. Domesticating all global treaties which Nigeria is signatory to support management of plastic in its lifecycle. As a regulatory and enforcement agency under the Federal Ministry of Environment, 2. Enforce all environmental laws, guidelines, policies, standards and regulations in Nigeria in relation to extended producers responsibility, plastic waste management, and Solid Waste Management in general. 4. Monitor and evaluate all activities around the country that may impact negatively on the environment including plastic waste management practices to ensure they align with “international best practices” and national policy for achieving sustainable development. 3. Domesticate provisions of international agreements, protocols, conventions and the treaties on the environment as it relates to plastic waste specically and Solid Waste in general. 5. Promote the conservation of resources and achievement of sustainable development goals related to plastic waste specically and solid waste management programmes and ensure health and environmental protection considerations in all related activities around the country. 1. Assist the Federal and State governments to monitor and enforce the implementation of this Policy. NESREA shall; PAGE 37 1. Ensure the provision of effective and technologically sound sanitary and waste management amenities within the State The State Governments shall: a. Financing the plastic waste management system in the State (public, private, customer-service fees, etc.) d. Implementing action and penalties towards plastic waste management defaulter. Create incentive packages for all plastic waste management personnel within the state and ensure Occupational Health and Safety Measures are always adhered to within the system STATE GOVERNMENTS 5. Ensure development of proper sorting at source and segregation of different constituents of the waste stream and thus, encourage recovery, reuse and recycling activities. 6. Dene strategies for: 3. Prepare solid waste management master plans for the State 4. Prepare plastic waste management plans specically with set targets 3. Make by-laws to regulate activities taking place within its territory, aimed at maintaining the health, well-being and safety of its inhabitants, environmental protection and pollution prevention, improved aesthetic value of the natural environment, and preventing nuisances, including noise pollution. 4. Provide technical support to the LGAs through training and manpower development programmes for capacity building and institutional strengthening 4.6.6 State Governments 1. Establish special purpose technical agencies for training on plastic waste in a circular economy specically and solid waste management programmes.in general. 5. Provide State administrative and technical infrastructure for plastic waste management in states without an existing one 4.6.7 State Ministries of Environment c. Encourage social inclusion (in public awareness, recycling and other related services) The State Ministries of Environment shall: 2. Ensure that all Environmental, Social, Health and Safety safeguard requirements are met prior to the establishment of a plastic waste management facility and that effective and adequate monitoring and evaluation of technical and personnel performances are done on a regular basis as to ensure best international standards of performance throughout the life cycle of the facility. e. Establish criteria and guidelines, and implement a programme, for annual inspections of all licensed waste management facilities. 6. Facilitate economic development by creating markets around 3 R policies 7. Provide resources (technology, nance, and market) for facilitating the 2. Provide land for siting waste management facilities. b. Encourage participation of private sector in plastic waste management National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 38 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 5. Institute tax regimes and ensure the payment of taxes for operations of all forms of landlls. The tax must be in such an amount as to discourage the establishment of landlls and to rather invest in waste-to-wealth schemes utilizing waste as a resource, and to reduce greenhouse (GHG) gas emissions into the environment from landlls. 6. Ensure the collection of all Plastic wastes, design and Implement sanitation 9. Create an enabling environment (including the granting of tax incentives) that will attract private sector participants and investors into the different aspects (collection, transport, sorting, storage, recycling, waste-to-wealth schemes including energy production, etc.) of the plastic waste management businesses. implementation of 3 R policies; 8. Ensure proper implementation of available resource efcient and environmentally sound technologies; 10. Develop action plans based on strategic options of the State to include: a. Development of effective waste sorting methodologies and incentives. b. Development of collection and transfer framework for generated waste in urban and rural areas and provision of appropriate equipment (utilizing whenever feasible appropriate local technological inputs). d. Provide, encourage or approve environmentally sound and sustainable nal disposal facilities and equipment in (urban and rural). e. Create awareness on, and encourage waste minimization techniques in manufacturing processes, procurements, products utilization and waste management processes to reduce markedly the amount of waste to be sent to treatment and nal disposal. c. Provide adequate and effective waste treatment facilities (utilizing whenever feasible, appropriate local technological inputs) in the urban and rural areas. f. Create innovative mechanisms to ensure participation and collaboration of NGOs', CBOs' and other voluntary organizations and individuals in the plastic waste management process. g. Develop mechanisms and provide equipment and trained personnel to enhance data collection on plastic waste generation and characterization. This will go a long way in assisting with planning for effective and sustainable PWM facilities provision. h. Collate data on all plastic waste management activities from the various players in the state and local governments and transmit same to relevant Federal agency quarterly. 4.6.8 State Environmental Protection Agencies The State Environmental Protection Agencies shall: 1. Develop State Plastic waste management policy, guidelines and plans using the national instrument as basis and minimum standards. 2. Regulate plastic waste management and other solid waste management in the states. 4. Creation of innovative ways to raise funds for plastic waste management that prioritises community involvement. 3. Set modalities for Creation of a Plastic Bags Levy PAGE 39 and Plastic waste management schemes for the State. 7. Ensure effective monitoring and evaluation of plastic waste management including regular and routine inspection of waste management equipment and facilities utilised by Management Authorities, other public agencies, and the private sector waste management participants. 4. Have the primary responsibility to manage waste management services including the sale of recovered components of waste, and design, establishment and management of waste treatment and disposal facilities. 1. Provide for separate collection of recyclable waste specically plastic waste on designated days of the week 10. Develop and manage business schemes built around Plastic waste management programmes with a view to recover costs of services provision and developing an ever-improving Plastic waste Management scheme in the State. 12. Create and support awareness programmes on sustainable PWM taking cognizance of value chain to different actors in the State. The State PlasticWaste Management Authority shall: 4.6.9 State Plastic Waste Management Authorities 3. Lease contractors or franchises to carry out plastic waste collection in the States with designated days of collection. However, in all cases, the agency shall maintain an in-house capacity to provide at least 20% of services directly to ensure litter free environment and in the case of emergencies 7. Develop methodologies for collection of data on Plastic Waste generation (quantities and characterization) and establish a State Plastic Waste Management Data Base. This will be utilised for planning purposes, development of Plastic Waste Management schemes, and as part of contribution to the national database and Management Information System (MIS) to monitor the greenhouse contribution from plastic waste nationwide.. 2. Perform or approve the collection and disposal of all plastic waste and ensure provision of commercial waste services to the State and Local Governments. 11. Engage, coordinate and evaluate the activities of private sector participants in PWM and create environments and incentives to attract quality investors into the provision of services in different sectors of the waste management chain. 5. Liaise with the State Ministry of Environment to develop and enforce plastic waste management policy, guidelines and plan including the implementation and enforcement of penalties. 9. Develop innovative ways to create awareness on sanitation and PWM among the various stakeholder groups within the State including the organization of public awareness campaigns. 8. Develop and conduct monitoring, evaluation and auditing processes so as to ensure efciency and sustainability of Plastic Waste Management (PWM) services. NAL POLICY ON SENT 6. Conduct research and apply ndings in the scale-up/improvement of PWM activities. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 40 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 10. Encourage local initiatives through working with and training local NGOs, CBOs, private organizations and individuals on issues concerning waste minimization, reuse, reduction and recycling and generate waste management programmes. 1. Implement the Policy Guidelines on Plastic Waste Management as a statutory obligation. 3. Enact appropriate legislative instruments and establish necessary sanctions and enforcement mechanisms for efcient service delivery. 9. Develop Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials on sanitation and plastic waste management (including handling techniques) at the LGA level 1. Participate in plastic waste management activities to include but not limited to waste collection, transportation, building and operation of treatment plants, waste recovery and recycling facilities, waste treatment and/or disposal facilities 2. Prepare a 3-yearly plastic Waste management plan for the Local Government taking guidance from National and State Plastic Waste Management Plans. 5. Provide database of all operators of facilities and services in the plastic lifecycle management sector within their jurisdictions. LOCAL GOVERNMENT 6. Make adequate annual budgetary provisions for Plastic waste Management. 7. Recruit, train and retrain staff for efcient service delivery. 4. Enlist the services of the private sector and other Stakeholders (including development of PPP schemes) in Plastic Waste Management. 4.6.10 Local Government Authorities Local Government Authorities shall: 8. Create awareness and establish consultative fora with members of the public to build consensus on appropriate strategies for plastic waste management. 11. Develop mechanisms to attract private sector participation into the different sectors of the PWM businesses as a means not only to achieve a sustainable, sanitary and aesthetically satisfactory environment, but also, as an income and employment generation scheme for the populace. 12. Develop and implement empowerment programs for women around businesses in the plastic waste management sector as they are the most inuential segment of the society that will positively inuence and effect critical aspects of the waste management chain such as waste minimization, sorting at source, recovery and reuse, and ensure the teaching of sanitary and effective waste handling to the young and future generation. PRIVATE SECTOR Shall; 4.6.11 Private Sector Players: PAGE 41 2. Operate under licensing by applicable authorities (either Federal or State) 3. Comply with the provisions of the National Policy, Guidelines and Plan on Plastic waste Management as a minimum requirement in all operations 6. Develop and invest in innovative technologies and techniques for plastic waste and create wealth and employment from waste-to-wealth schemes. 4.6.12 Plastic Waste Generators (Residences, Communities, Businesses, Etc.): Shall; 4. Comply with the National Plastic Waste Management vision to eliminate 'open dumping' and minimize landlling of plastic waste 5. Ensure “duty-of-care” obligations in all operations. i. Ensuring that all plastic waste generated within its premises are handed over to authorized/licensed waste collectors and managers. ii. Ensure regular payment for all legal and prescribed fees for plastic waste management services received. Ensure that plastic waste does not pose any hazard or cause damage to third parties or their property. 3. Prioritize plastic products and packages considering reusability and recyclability for a take back system. 1. Play a major role in efcient plastic Waste management implementation especially by segregating, containerizing and labeling the different waste components at source of generation and making these easily accessible for collection by plastic Waste management agencies. 5. Periodically carry out plastic waste audits of their facilities and processes according to the guidelines of the appropriate authorities (Federal or State) 3. Develop responsible and safe plastic waste handling techniques and ensure that all plastic waste generated are disposed of in a lawful and environmentally sound manner. This shall be guided by the following principles: 2. Adopt zero plastic waste or waste minimization strategies. 4. Take into consideration resource efciency and cleaner production in their operations. 1. Be mandate to comply with the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and circular economy for plastic waste management. Shall: 4.6.13 Producers/Manufacturers of Plastics 2. EPR shall be extended to all those involved in the plastic product chain from cradle to grave (importers, manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, consumers, and disposers of plastic product waste). National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 42 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 9. Play a major role in efcient Plastic waste Management implementation particularly with respect to minimization, segregation and storage. 6. Maintain requisite colour coded plastic wastes bins in homes. 7. Adopt, purchase and utilize technologies for converting biodegradable plastic waste into energy resources (e.g. biogas/ biofuel) 5. Segregate plastic wastes and ensure their hygienic, environmentally sound and safe disposal. 8. Pay for Plastic waste Management services to ensure sustainability. 4. Undertake sorting of recyclable components at source and dispose plastic waste at designated collection/ recycling centers. 4.6.15 Public 5. Promote the adoption of plastic waste separation and resource recovery at household and community levels. Shall: 1. Adopt environmentally safe and sound practices and choices in products. 2. Comply with national policies, legal and regulatory frameworks on Plastic waste Management. 3. Prioritize patronage of manufacturers, distributors and retailers of recycled goods and biodegradables. 6. Promote public enlightenment campaigns on appropriate strategies for plastic waste storage, collection and disposal. 2. Act as intermediaries between government and the private sector. Likewise, provide technical assistance and capacity building for solid waste management. operations. Complementarily, help in building the capacity of community groups so as to play an active role in plastic waste management by contributing in raising awareness of plastic waste management problems. Shall; 1. Develop and implement programs which will promote much needed awareness and education, encourage source separation, enhanced door to-door collection, encourage and demonstrate the utilization of plastic wastes as raw materials, and generate more job opportunities in the area of plastic waste management and environmental protection. 3. Facilitate the formation of community-based organizations (CBOs), thereby opening channels of communication between CBOs' and government authorities, raising CBO's voice in waste management planning and implementation processes 4. Undertake grassroot mobilization to support appropriate plastic waste management options. 4.6.14 Civil Society Organization, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Faith-based Oragnisations. PAGE 43 2. Register grants and loans with the Federal Ministry of Finance 4.6.16 International Organisations/ Donor Agencies: Shall: 3. Register projects requiring consultancy contracts or third-party agreements duly with the FMEnv 4. Undertake specic grassroots mobilization campaigns 1. Provide or facilitate with nance mechanisms (loans, credits, grants, etc.) for the purpose of conceptualizing and implementing programs, projects and/or initiatives on plastic waste management and also ensuring that these programs and projects are in line with current international best practices. 6. Assist in capacity building at all levels, Federal, States and Local Governments. Shall: 1. Make use of colour coded plastic waste bins or disposable refuse bags for collection and storage of household plastic wastes 2. Use waste bins of adequate capacity for quantum of plastic waste generated. 3. Ensure that the bins are kept out of reach of children and domestic animals, to prevent spillage of refuse 5. Adopt plastic waste segregation and sorting at source 5. Encourage ratications to international conventions and treaties concerning PWM 4. Empty the plastic waste bins into designated Plastic recycling hubs/ centre/depots or engage the service of private/public sector waste collectors 6. Adopt appropriate colour codes (Blue) for segregation or sorting of plastic waste components. 7. Pay for waste collection services 4.6.17 Households: 4.6.18 Public Places (Markets, Schools, Garages, Halls Etc.): 2. Provide multimedia management approach to the solution of environmental problems and advance state-of-the-art technologies and methods of plastic waste management and pollution prevention including technology transfer. Shall: Shall: 1. Ensure plastic waste management specically and solid waste management activities in general are designed to promote community involvement and education on environmental issues and problems. Ensure that mammoth colour coded bins are placed at strategic locations to accommodate the large volume of Plastic waste separately from all other solid waste generation. 4.6.19 Environmental/Waste Management Research Institutes: National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 44 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 5.0 FUNDING AND RESOURCE MOBILISATION The plastic-lifecycle and particularly the waste issue is a new area of focus within the solid waste management portfolio and therefore does not have any funds allocated to it by Government, or even private sector. In order to achieve the goal of the National Plastic Waste Management Policy, considerable nancial resources are required in ensuring economic productivity and all-round sustainability of the management framework. A sustainable and equitable funding mechanism (one that is implemented in consideration of its economic, environmental, and social impacts) shall be established at the Federal, State and LG levels for sustainability of waste management options for plastic as well as other solid wastes. Plastic waste management activities shall be mainly nanced through annual budget from the National, State and Local Governments and the additional appropriate tax regime put in place. Each community/LG/State shall have access to a variety of equitable funding mechanisms and determine the best options for funding plastic FiveC H A P T E R F U N D I N G A N D R E S O U R C E M O B I L I S A T I O N PAGE 45 Accordingly, nancial resources for implementing the policy shall be obtained from the items listed below and has been explained fully in the document; c) Development partners/Philanthropic organizations waste management activities that meet established standards. The Federal government shall place emphasis on and implement sustainable fund generating mechanisms. a) Government annual budget allocations b) Donor funding e) Private sector participants f) Ecological funds allocated to all tiers of Government; g) Capital market bonds d) Sector User charges h) Investments i) Fines and levies. 5.1 Annual Budget a) The Federal, State and Local Governments shall include plastic waste management in their annual budget b) Increase the budgetary allocation to the initiatives targeted at reducing Plastic-waste risks. The GCF will support projects, programmes, policies and other activities that limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The assumption is that the GCF may look for Green Climate Fund (GCF) b. Donor agencies shall provide support directly to the Federal, State or Local governments or through a reputable organization as agreed by the Government in concern. Development Partners waste management engagement spans multiple development areas, including energy, environmental sustainability, food and agriculture, health and population, social protection, transportation, urban development, and water. 5.3 Development Partners/ Philanthropic Organizations: Developing partners support areas for plastic waste management 5.2 Donor Funding c) Put in place mechanism for resource mobilization from development partners, such as the global environmental Facility, (GEF) World Bank, UNDP, UNIDO, Other Bilateral Organisations. a. The Federal Government shall excise its powers of diplomacy to promote funding from donor agencies. The Green Climate Fund is a fund established within the framework of the UNFCCC as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 46 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management · Climate change and the environment: Projects to promote environmentally sound waste disposal. Project to support greenhouse gas mitigation through food loss and waste reduction, organic waste diversion, and the adoption of disposal technologies that capture biogas and landll gas. Waste projects also support resilience by reducing waste disposal in waterways and safeguarding infrastructure against ooding. The Federal Government and the Federal Ministry of Environment shall liaise with development partners and organizations to promote sustainable development in the solid waste management sector. · Health and safety: Project works in municipal waste management improves public health and livelihoods by reducing open burning, mitigating pest and disease vector spread, and preventing crime and violence. · Citizen engagement: Behaviour change and public participation is key to a functional waste system. supports designing incentives and awareness systems to motivate waste reduction, source-separation and reuse. innovative, grassroots-led waste management solutions that are tailored to local conditions. In order to ensure sustainability of Plastic-waste management process, a Bank, GEF, WHO amongst many others. · Infrastructure: provides capital investments to build or upgrade waste sorting and treatment facilities, close dumps, construct or refurbish landlls, and provide bins, dumpsters, trucks, and transfer stations. · Financial sustainability: Through the design of taxes and fee structures, and long-term planning, projects help governments improve plastic waste cost containment and recovery. Development partners shall help Nigeria to adopt 'BAT'/'BEP' in the management of solid waste in the country. · Legal structures and institutions: advise on sound policy measures and coordinated institutions for the plastic lifecycle management sector. · Social inclusion: Resource recovery in most developing countries relies heavily on informal workers, who collect, sort, and recycle 15%–20% of generated waste. Projects address waste picker livelihoods through strategies such as integration into the formal system, as well as the provision of safe working conditions, social safety nets, child labor restrictions, and education. The Federal Government shall solicit the aid of development partners to transform the sector to conform to international standards in the following areas among others: · Knowledge creation: Project that helps governments plan and explore locally appropriate solutions through technical expertise, and data and analytics. Some of the development partners are UNIDO, UNDP, UNEP, AfDB, DFID, World 5.4 Sector User Charges · Plastic-waste Fund/ Extended Producers Responsibility Fund PAGE 47 (b) Financing mechanisms for the Plastic Waste fund, including collection of Advanced Recycling Fees (ARF)/ Deposit fund on plastic products and packaging equipment, as well as plastic lifecycle levy on single use plastic packaging and services, among others; Plastic-waste fund shall be established as specied in the National Plastic Waste Management Policy. To this end, the Federal Ministry of Finance (planning and Economic development, the Ministry of Environment together with other stakeholders; shall develop guidelines to provide for the following: (g) Charges shall be commensurate with the services provided. (f) Charges shall compose of collection and disposal fees. 5.5 Private Sector Participation (PSP) (b) There shall be extended producer responsibility applicable to all producers, importer, manufacturer, brand owners of plastics and plastic packaging materials. (e) Private sector participation shall be achieved via arrangements including contracting, franchise, concession and open competition. (a) Establishment and governance framework for the Plastic Waste fund to be used solely to support sustainable plastic waste management as applicable; (c) Criteria for eligibility of access to and utilization of the fund; and (d) Sustainability for the fund (e) Charges will be imposed on benefactors of plastic waste management services. Any form of over-exploitation, ctitious and illegal charging shall be construed as an act of corruption and shall be punishable in accordance with the anti-corruption laws in the country. (a) There shall be increased private sector participation in plastic waste management specically and solid waste management. (c) The Federal, State and Local Governments shall create enabling environment for private sector participation. (d) Private sector shall be involved in collection, transportation, recycling, recovery and disposal of plastic waste. (f) The private partner shall provide a dened service, in the case of service contracts e.g. street sweeping, plastic waste collection or transportation etc. 5.6 Market and Investments (a) Government shall create an enabling environment for Investors to trade in and invest in plastic with full recognition of the lifecycle of plastic and value chain from cradle to grave in a circular economy. a. Shares in plastic lifecycle management facilities or equipment may be traded in the capital market. (b) Investments will include establishment of waste management facilities, vehicles, machines etc. b. Government may invest in the capital market through bonds or shares. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 48 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management c. Private energy companies shall be encouraged to enter into plastic waste utilization markets d. Recycling centres shall be built and operated on the outskirts of the cities, to accept larger volumes of plastic wastes and to minimize health hazards. e. Investors shall be encouraged to develop capacity and skills in efcient and protable plastic waste treatment. f. Plastic waste Management companies shall be encouraged to articulate technical and commercial competence so that waste can ow from household and industries back into the economy in an environmentally effective way instead of ending up in landlls. g. Investors interested in waste-to-energy operation facilities shall obtain permit for their operation. h. The Federal Government through the FMEnv shall encourage Development Finance Institutions (DFIs') to play an important role in nancing PWM activities by providing maturity matched nancing for Plastic Waste Management investment projects. d. The FMEnv/State Ministries of Environment/Local Government Authorities shall appropriate adequate nes and sanctions for defaulters of the plastic lifecycle management policy, regulations and plan. b. This guideline shall be developed taking cognizance of plastic lifecycle and the extended producers responsibility regulations and management plan. e. State Ministry of Environment shall enforce the implementation of the Policy and develop appropriate regulations and standards 5.8 Incentives a. The FMEnv shall harmonize and appropriate plastic waste licensing fees for each category of sector players. 5.7 Fines and Levies f. NESREA and appropriate State Departments and Agencies shall administer and develop off-shoot regulations from these Policy. c. The government of Nigeria shall provide a range of enabling policies, economic instruments and incentives to propel the development c. Companies processing plastic waste shall be charged the appropriate fees. b. Licensing fees shall be imposed on all forms of plastic waste industry actors (private sector participants) with the consent of Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment. a. The FMEnv in conjunction with the State Ministries of Environment shall develop guidelines for various categories of incentives for the Plastic sector. g. Sector violations shall include non-compliance with extended producer responsibilities, illegal dumping nes, inappropriate disposal of plastic ws, and other acts of non-compliance to Plastic waste Management policies and plans. PAGE 49 · Offer incentives to local and municipal authorities that recycle the maximum proportion of their wastes. · Promote the segregation of plastic waste and other recyclable parts of household wastes. · Provide legal and economic conditions, through the Federal Ministry of Industry Trade and Investment conducive to investments in plastic waste reuse and recycling in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Environment. g. Each tier of government shall identify best practices based on set criteria for exposition and reward. · Provide technical assistance to informal plastic lifecycle reuse and recycling operations. e. There shall be prompt payment to all sector investors at all levels. · Provide incentives to improve the marketability of plastic waste and other recyclable waste. f. The FMEnv shall institutionalize 'Polluter Pays Principle' so that the polluter bears the cost of pollution; thus, providing the positive incentives to limit pollution of the environment. h. The Federal Government of Nigeria shall consider the following options to encourage industry, institutions, commercial establishments and individuals to recycle plastic Waste instead of disposing of them: process in the desired direction. d. The FMEnv in conjunction with development partners shall promote the Extended Producers Responsibility and strengthen research and development programmes in BAT/BEP. · Apply economic and regulatory instruments, through the Federal Ministry of Industry Trade and Investment including tax incentives, to support the principle that generators of plastic waste pay for their disposal in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Environment. · Implement specic mechanisms such as deposit/refund systems as incentives for reuse and recycling for plastic waste. National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management PAGE 50 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management 6.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION Planned and regular Audits, Monitoring and Evaluation of plastic production through its entire lifecycle from primary forms production, imports, exports, transport, distribution, sales, storage, use and disposal in order to manage plastic waste generation and impacts on the environment, with time-lines shall ensure successful implementation of this policy. 6.1 GOVERNMENT AND MINISTRIES RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO MONITORING AND EVALUATION. · Government shall give approvals to legislation legal instruments and guidelines for implementation and enforcement of the policy. · Relevant agencies shall plan and carry out audits, monitoring, evaluation and enforcement of plastic waste management taking cognizance of lifecycle approach in relation to standards and specications. · Complete all ecolabelling regulatory requirements for production, SixC H A P T E R M O N I T O R I N G A N D E V A L U A T I O N · Keep records of plastic waste generation and its treatment / disposal · Provide regulatory agencies and relevant stakeholders with all information demanded and required for plastic lifecycle management. · Have personnel participate in capacity- building activities for the sound knowledge and management of plastics. · Existing institutional arrangements shall be strengthened for information and data gathering and dissemination on all audits, monitoring and evaluation and enforcement activities. This policy for the sound managements of plastic waste management shall be reviewed periodically not later than ve (5) years with regards to prevailing circumstances and global trends as well as available scientic and technological information and advancements in waste management technologies and practices. 6.2 POLICY REVIEW imports or exports including evidences of extended producers responsibility certication etc PAGE 51 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management A N N E X E S Annex 1: Table 1.1: Overview of single use plastic that requires economic measures and ultimate ban as at when necessary. PAGE 52 National Policy on PLASTIC WASTE Management FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA 2020 SUPPORTED BY UNIDO