National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2025-2030

2.0. Biodiversity Status and Trends 2

2.1. Nigeria’s Natural Habitats 2

2.2. Species Richness 2

2.3. Plant Diversity in Nigeria 3

2.4. Faunal Species and their diversity in Nigeria 4

2.5. Diversity of Marine species or groups in Nigeria 9

2.6. Endangered species found in Nigeria 9

2.7. Analysis of Trends in the threats to biodiversity in Nigeria 11

2.7.1. Trends in habitat destruction 12

2.7.2. Trends in habitat fragmentation 13

2.7.3. Trends in Climate Change 13

2.7.4. Trends in overexploitation of species 14

2.7.5. Trends in pollution 14

2.7.5.1. Oil spillage 15

2.7.5.2. Gas flaring 16

2.7.6. Trends in Invasive Alien Species 16

2.7.7. Trends in Research in Biodiversity 16 CHAPTER THREE 18

3.0. Process of developing the NBSAP 2025-2030 18 8

3.1 Assessment and Review of the existing NBSAPs 18

3.1.1. Methodology 18

3.2. Review and Assessment of Gaps of the existing biodiversity monitoring system 23

3.2.1. Data Collection Gaps 23

3.2.2. Lack of Baseline Data 23

3.2.3. Technological Limitations 23

3.2.4. Inadequate Capacity (Technical and Financial) 23

3.2.5. Weak Coordination and Collaboration 23

3.2.6. Policy and Regulatory Challenges 24

3.2.7. Insufficient Public Awareness Creation 24

3.2.8. Limited Integration 24

3.2.9. Insufficient Stakeholder Engagement 24

3.2.10. Inconsistent Reporting Frequencies 24

3.2.11 Non-application of suggested, standardized reporting metrics 24

3.3. Stakeholder Engagement and Mapping 24

3.4 Stakeholders Consultation and Engagement 29 CHAPTER FOUR 33

4.0. New Priorities 33

4.1. Drivers of Biodiversity Loss 33

4.1.1. Habitat Loss (Habitat Destruction and Habitat Fragmentation) 34

4.1.2. Overexploitation 35

4.1.3. Invasive Species 36

4.1.4. Pollution 36

4.1.5. Climate Change 37

4.1.6. Population Growth and over-consumption 37

4.1.7. Illegal Wildlife Trade 38

4.1.8. Species Extinction 38 9

4.2. Opportunities Related to Biodiversity Conservation 38

4.3. Global Commitments related to biodiversity conservation, management 40

4.3.1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 40

4.3.2. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna Flora (CITES) 41

4.3.3. The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) 41

4.3.4. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 43 CHAPTER FIVE 45 Policy and Institutional Arrangements in Nigeria: Review for achieving coherence with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework 45

5.1. National Policy Alignment with KMGBF targets and Nigeria’s National Targets 45

5.2. Regional Policy Alignment 57

5.3. Policy Analysis 62

5.3.1 Species Conservation 62

5.3.2 Genetic Diversity Conservation 63

5.3.3 Ecosystem Conservation 64

5.4. Policy gaps and Recommendations 67 CHAPTER SIX 73 Strategy Vision, Principles, Goals and Targets 73

6.1. Long Term Vision for the revised NBSAP 2025-2030 73

6.2. Principles governing the Strategy 73

6.3. Goals 75

6.4. National Targets 76 CHAPTER SEVEN 90 Actions or Measures to implement National Targets including Actors, Timeframes for actions and Sources of Funding or Support 90 CHAPTER EIGHT 144 10 Means of Implementation: Mainstreaming Biodiversity 144

8.1. Agriculture 144

8.1.1. Crop Diversification 144

8.1.2. Agroforestry 145

8.1.3. Conservation Agriculture 145

8.1.4. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 145

8.1.5. Limiting the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides 145

8.2. Forestry 145

8.2.1. Sustainable Forest Management 145

8.2.2. Protected Areas 145

8.2.3. Reforestation and Habitat Restoration 145

8.2.4. Habitat Diversity 145

8.2.5. Selective Logging 145

8.2.6. Reforestation and Restoration 145

8.2.7 Invasive Species Management 146

8.2.8 Monitoring and Research 146

8.2.9. Collaboration and Stakeholder Engagement 146

8.2.10. National Forest Policy 146

8.3. Fisheries 146

8.3.1. The Sea Fisheries Act 146

8.3.2. The Inland Fisheries Act 147

8.3.3. Observing Catch Limits 147

8.3.4. Using Approved fishing gear and techniques 147

8.4. Tourism 147

8.4.1 Awareness creation 148

8.4.2 Hosting of biodiversity-friendly events 148 11

8.4.3 Adopting eco-friendly practices 148

8.4.4 Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities 148

8.4.5 Hands-on biodiversity tours 148

8.4.6 Eco-tourism certification

8.5. Land, Urban, and Infrastructures

8.6. Energy

8.7. Finance

8.8. Health

8.9. Mining

8.10. Gender

8.11. Education

8.12. Science and Technology

8.13. Budget 148 CHAPTER NINE 150 Means of Implementation: Capacity Development Plan 150

9.1 Enabling Environment Capacity 152

9.2 Organizational Capacity 152

9.3 Individual Capacity 152

9.4 Capacity needs for each action or intervention in the targets 152 CHAPTER TEN 226 Means of Implementation: Resource Mobilization and Financing Plan 226

10.1 Resource Mobilization 226

10.1.1 Domestic funding sources 226

10.1.1.1 Government budgetary allocation 226

10.1.1.2 Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) 226

10.1.1.3 In-kind support 227

10.1.1.4 Local Community contribution 227 12

10.1.1.5 Carbon credit and climate financing 227

10.1.1.6 Ecological Fund 227

10.1.1.7 The Private sector 227 10.1.1.8 National and Local conservation NGOs and Foundations 227

10.1.1.9 Philanthropy 227 10.1.1.10 Private sector and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 227

10.1.2 International Sources 228

10.1.2.1 International Aids and Grants 228

10.1.2.2 Research Grants and Academic partnerships 228

10.1.2.3 Multi-Lateral and Bilateral Agreements 228

10.1.2.4 Donor Agencies and Foundations 228

10.1.2.5 Climate Change and Adaptation Funds 228

10.2 Financing Plan 228 CHAPTER ELEVEN 229 Institutional Monitoring and Reporting 229

11.1 The implementing mechanism for the revised NBSAP 229

11.2 Institutional Monitoring and Reporting 231

11.2.1 The National Biodiversity Steering Committee (NBSC) 234

11.2.2 The National Biodiversity Coordinating Committee (NBCC) 234

11.2.3 The National Biodiversity Technical Committee (NBTC) 234

11.2.4 The National Biodiversity Working Groups (NBWGs) 234

11.3 The Implementing Lead Entities 234

11.4 Monitoring Evaluation and Reporting 236

11.4.1 Monitoring and Evaluation 237

11.4.2 Reporting Plan 237

11.4.3 Monitoring Plan, Protocol and Methodology 238 11.4.3a Monitoring Plan 237 13 11.4.3b Monitoring Protocol and methodology 238

11.4.4 Evaluation Plan 471 11. 5. Annex III List of binary indicator questions 472 REFERENCES 518 14 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: The deadly effect of oil spillage in Niger Delta, where fishes and other animals were affected 15 FIGURES 2-5: Stakeholder Mapping with National Targets (Appendix A) 513 Figure 6: Implementing Mechanism for the revised NBSAP 147 15 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Total number of Amphibians, birds, Fish, Mammals, Reptiles and Vascular plant species for Nigeria in “The top 10 most biodiverse country 3 Table 2: Inventory of plant species in Nigeria 4 Table 3: List of Endemic Vertebrate species in Nigeria 5 Table 4: Biodiversity-Related sites in Nigeria 7 Table 5: Mangrove and associated vegetation in the Nigerian coastal zone 9 Table 6: List of Critically Endangered species in Nigeria according to the IUCN Red List (last revised 2019-09-14) 10 Table 7: Stakeholder mapping with national targets 25 Table 8: Template for Sectoral Consultative Workshop Breakout Group Outcome Table 30 Table 9: Options for benefiting biodiversity conservation 39 Table 10: National policy alignment with KMGBF targets and their institutional arrangements in Nigeria 45 Table 11: Regional Policies Relevant to KMGBF Implementation 57 Table 12: List of Primates under the First Schedule of Endangered Species Act of Nigeria 62 Table 13: Policy gaps and recommendations 67 Table 14: Targets, Actions, Timeframe, and Sources of funding 90 Table 15: Template for Capacity Development Assessment 151 Tables 16-38: Capacity building for actions in the 23 national targets 153 Table 39: Institutional Coordinating Structure 231 Table 40: NBSAP Implementing Lead Entities 234 Table 41: Monitoring Matrix 238 Table 42: Monitoring national actions using Performance Indicators 239 Table 43: Monitoring national targets using national Impact Indicators. 394 Table 44: Monitoring national targets using Headline and Binary Indicators 409 Table 45: Monitoring national targets using Component Indicators 432 Table 46: Monitoring national targets using Complementary Indicators 449 16 Table 47: Evaluation Activities, Responsibilities, and Periods 469 Table 48: Completion of Annex III List of binary indicator questions 472 List of Boxes Boxes 1-4: Goals A, B, C, D 75 Boxes 5-27: National Targets 1-23 76 Acronyms and Abbreviations ABS: Access and Benefit Sharing AU African Union AEWA Agreement on the Conservation of Africa-Eurasian Migratory Water birds BSC Biodiversity Steering Committee BDCP Bio-resources Development and Conservation Programme BCH Biosafety Clearing House CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity CBN Central Bank of Nigeria CITES Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS Convention on Migratory Species CHM Clearing House Mechanism COP Conference of the Parties DPR Department of Petroleum Resources DDA Drought and Desertification Amelioration ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECN Energy Commission of Nigeria EA Environmental Assessment EFO Ecological Fund Office 17 EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment ESG Environmental Social Governance ESIA Environmental Social Impact Assessment FCT Federal Capital Territory FDF Federal Department of Forestry FMAFS Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development FME Federal Ministry of Education FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FMF-BNP Federal Ministry of Finance Budget and National Planning FMHUD Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development FMIST Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology FMITI Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment FMMBE Federal Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy FMWR Federal Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation FPU Forestry Programme Unit FRIN Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria GBF Global Biodiversity Framework GEF Global Environment Facility GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit/German Agency for international cooperation GMO Genetically Modified Organism ICZM: Integrated Coastal Zone Management IAMAT International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers IPBES Intergovernmental science-policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services IPLC Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities IPM Integrated Pest Management 18 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LGAs Local Government Areas K-MGBF Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework LISDEL Legislative Initiative for Sustainable Development MAN Manufacturers Association of Nigeria MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements MDAs Ministries, Departments, and Agencies MGX Nigerian Stock Exchange MOE Ministry of Education MNRD Ministry of Regional Development MPR Ministry of Petroleum Resources MTI Ministry of Trade and Investment NA Not Available NACGRAB National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology NAFDAC National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control NAGGW National Agency for Great Green Wall NAIC Nigeria Agricultural Insurance Corporation NAP: National Adaptation Plan NAQS National Agricultural Quarantine Service NATIP National Agricultural Technology and Innovation Policy NBCC National Biodiversity Coordinating Committee NBMECU National Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation Coordinating Unit NBSC National Biodiversity Steering Committee NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NBSAP V2 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (Second NBSAP: 2016-2020) NBTC National Biodiversity Technical Committee NBWG National Biodiversity Working Group 19 NBMA National Biosafety Management Agency NBRDA National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency NARSDA National Space Research & Development Agency NCC Nigeria Chamber of Commerce NCCC National Council on Climate Change NESREA National Environmental Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency NFP National Focal Point NIPRD National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development NOSDRA National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency NOA National Orientation Agency NPS National Parks Service NVRC National Varietal Release Committee NCDC Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention NCF Nigeria Conservation Foundation NIFFR Nigerian Institute for Fresh Water Fisheries Research NIOMAR Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research NIMASA Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency NNPCL Nigeria National Petroleum Company Limited NMDPRA Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority NPC National Population Commission NGX Nigerian Stock Exchange (NGX) NSIA Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority NUPRC Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission NYBN Nigerian Youth Biodiversity Network NGO Non-Governmental Organization ODA Official Development Assistance OECMs: Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures 20 PQD Plant Quarantine Department PC&EH Pollution Control and Environmental Health PoW Programme of Work PA Protected Area SBSTTA Subsidiary Body on Scientific Technical and Technological Advice TBD To Be Determined UNCCD United Nations Convention to combat Desertification UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNEP WCMC United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID: United States Agency for International Development WASCWC West Africa Strategy on Combating Wildlife Crime WB World Bank WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WEP Women Environmental Programme 21 APPENDIX Appendix A: Figures 2-5 Stakeholder mapping with Targets Appendix B: Attendance Lists ANNEX Annex A: Table 48: Annex III List of binary Indicators questions Annex B: Table 49: Technical updates to the headline and binary indicators Annex C: Table 50: Revised global indicators used to align with the national targets 22 23 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The revised Nigeria National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2025-2030 is articulated with a whole-of-society approach, embracing a diverse array of sectors and stakeholders. The NBSAP is ambitious and fully aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), with a focus on halting and reversing biodiversity loss by 2030. Nigeria’s revised NBSAP has been adopted as whole-of-government policy. The 23 national targets are each in alignment with the corresponding global biodiversity targets and goals. Each Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is urged to “contribute to attaining the goals and targets of the framework in accordance with national circumstances, priorities and capabilities”. Nigeria’s national targets have been revised accordingly, in harmony with the present realities in the country. The NBSAP will be implemented with a view to conserving Nigeria’s rich natural land, seascapes and biodiversity, and to ensure a sustainable future for our citizens. Nigeria’s complex topography has resulted in high levels of biodiversity characterized by an unusually large number of endemic species. Nigeria is home to diverse ecosystems, ranging from the river systems of the Niger Delta to the rainforests of the Cross River basin, the Savannah and the Adamawa mountains that border Cameroon. These areas harbour diverse species of fauna and flora. However, many ecosystems have been severely degraded, hence, the need for urgent efforts for their protection, restoration and sustainable use. Similarly, some species such as the African forest elephant, lion, Cross River gorilla and Rüppell’s vulture are endangered and there are ongoing efforts to restore and protect them. The development of this NBSAP has included reviews and assessments of the previous NBSAP and the current state of biodiversity in the country, as well as comprehensive stakeholder engagement and consultations. In addition, there have been reviews of legal, administrative and policy measures and their enforcement, and capacity building and development plans. Access to and transfer of technology has also been addressed, as well as a resource mobilization and financing plan for increased domestic funding for NBSAP implementation. A monitoring and evaluation plan, benefit- sharing regulations and measures, mainstreaming of biodiversity across economic sectors and synergy with relevant MEAs are also integral parts of this NBSAP. Local cultures and traditions have ties to nature, which encourage local and indigenous peoples to passionately manage the preservation and customary sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems in some areas. The NBSAP acknowledges the existence and legality of these areas and their management and strengthens them, while nurturing “a Nigeria where biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and sustainably utilized to achieve clean and healthy environment for the wellbeing of all people and future generation”. 1 CHAPTER TWO BIODIVERSITY STATUS AND TRENDS Nigeria is rich in biodiversity and is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. With a land mass of 923, 768 sq.km, Nigeria spans different climatic zones and physical features which support the growth of a variety of vegetation and consequently the existence of a diverse array of plant and animal species and habitats. The country is also blessed with vast aquatic areas (freshwater river network and marine network) that are very rich and abundant in diversity of species.

2.1 Nigeria’s natural habitats: Consequent to these different climatic zones, variety of physical features, and variety of vegetation, Nigeria’s natural ecosystems range from: semi-arid savanna to montane forests; rich seasonal floodplain environments to rainforests; and vast freshwater swamp forests to diverse coastal vegetation.

2.2 Species Richness: Butler RA (2023) reported countries’ species richness in terms of the total number, for each of the following species as at December 26, 2023: Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Mammals, Fish, and vascular plants. The amphibians considered included frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians while the reptiles were alligators, crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, and the tuatara. The five groups of animals included were all vertebrates while only one group of plants: the vascular plants, was included. Each country was ranked by its percentage of species in each group relative to the total global number of species for each group. The overall global ranking for Nigeria in “The top 10 Most Biodiverse Country” is 36. Table 1 is an excerpt from entries made for Nigeria. Table 1: Total Number of Amphibians, Birds, Fish, Mammals, Reptiles and Vascular Plant Species for Nigeria in “The top 10 most biodiverse country” 2 Global Total number/revised (Dec. 26, Global share Ranking 2023) Bird species 22 926 8.84% Amphibian species 29 118 1.36% Fish species 76 803 2.34% Mammal species 26 315 4.92% Reptile species 46 207 1.73% Vascular Plant species 71 3,378 - (4,715-UNEP-WCMC, 2004) SOURCE: Plant data is from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP-WCMC), 2004. Species Data; Fish: Fishbase; Birds: Birdlife International; Amphibians: AmphibiaWeb; Mammals: IUCN; Reptiles: the Reptile Database (Excerpt from entries made for Nigeria.

2.3 Plant Diversity in Nigeria Ajao’s study (as cited in Osawaru et al., 2013) showed that there were about 7, 895 plant species identified in 338 families, and 2, 215 genera in Nigeria (Table 2). 3 Table 2: Inventory of Plant Species on Nigeria GROUPS OF PLA FAMILIES GENERA SPECIES NTS Algae 67 281 1,335 Lichens - 14 17 Fungi (Mushrooms) 26 60 134 Mosses - 13 16 Liverworts - 16 6 Pteridophytes 27 64 165 Gymnosperms 2 3 5 Chlamydosperms 2 2 6 Monocotyledons 42 376 1575 Dicotyledons 172 1,396 4,636 Total 338 2,215 7,895 SOURCE: Ajao (as cited in (Osawaru et al., 2013) Study by Borokini et al. (as cited in Ajao, 2012) showed that the northern region, with Sudanian affinities, had 39 endemic species, western and central region 38, and the eastern region 128 endemic species and that about 0.4 and 8.5% of the plant species were considered threatened and endangered, respectively. According to Borokini (2014) “Nigerian endemic flora amounted to 91 species belonging to 44 families with Rubiaceae accounting for the highest numbers”.

2.4 Faunal species and their diversity in Nigeria: CBD (2001) reported that there were 22,000 vertebrates and invertebrates species which included about 20,000 insects, about 1,000 birds, about 1,000 fish, 247 mammals, and 123 reptiles. Egborge (as cited in Ibemenuga & Iyang, 2006) compiled a checklist of over 1620 species of invertebrates so far identified in Nigeria out of which 67.3% were considered as macroinvertebrates. Below in Table 3 is a breakdown of faunal vertebrate species that are endemic in Nigeria. 4 Table 3: List of Endemic Vertebrate Species in Nigeria Mammals Birds Fish (Freshwater) Fish Reptiles (Marine) Cercopithecus Malimbus Alestopetersius Grammonus Cynisca gansi sclateri ibadanensis smykalai (Alestiidae) longhursti (Squamata (Primates - (Ploceidae) Blue Diamond Tetra Amphisbaenia - Cercopithecidae) Ibadan Malimbe (Bythitidae) Amphisbaenidae) Sclater's Guenon Arnoldichthys Estrilda spilopterus Meganthias Cynisca Crocidura poliopareia (Alestiidae) Niger carpenteri kigomensis longipes (Estrildidae) Tetra (Serranidae) (Squamata (Soricomorpha - Anambra Yellowtop Amphisbaenia - Soricidae) Waxbill Ctenopoma Jewelfish Amphisbaenidae) Savanna Swamp argentoventer Shrew Lagonosticta (Anabantidae) Cynisca sanguinodorsalis Silver-bellied nigeriensis Dasymys foxi (Estrildidae) Climbing Perch (Squamata (Rodentia - Rock Firefinch Amphisbaenia - Muridae) Fox's Ctenopoma Amphisbaenidae) Shaggy Rat Vidua maryae nebulosum (Viduidae) Jos (Anabantidae) Fog Mehelya egbensis Praomys Plateau Bushfish (Squamata obscurus Indigobird Ophidia - (Rodentia - Aphyosemion Colubridae) Muridae) Gotel deltaense Dunger's File Mountain Soft- (Aplocheilidae) Snake furred Mouse Delta Killifish Rhinotyphlops Epiplatys biafranus crossii (Squamata (Aplocheilidae) Ophidia - Biafra Panchax Typhlopidae) Epiplatys Cross' Beaked longiventralis OC Snake (Aplocheilidae) Cnemaspis gigas Banded Panchax (Squamata Sauria Fundulopanchax - Gekkonidae) arnoldi Perret's Nigeria (Aplocheilidae) Gecko Arnold's Lyretail Cnemaspis Fundulopanchax petrodroma powelli (Squamata Sauria (Aplocheilidae) - Gekkonidae) Nigeria Crag 5 Mammals Birds Fish (Freshwater) Fish Reptiles (Marine) Black Aphyosemion Gecko Nothobranchius kiyawensis (Aplocheilidae) Kiyawa Nothobranch Parauchenoglanis akiri (Bagridae) Parauchenoglanis buettikoferi (Bagridae) Thysochromis annectens (Cichlidae) Neolebias axelrodi (Citharinidae) Neolebias powelli (Citharinidae) Domino Neolebias Barbus aboinensis OC (Cyprinidae) Aboina Barb Barbus clauseni OC (Cyprinidae) Garra trewavasai (Cyprinidae) Dormitator pleurops (Eleotridae) Synodontis guttatus OC (Mochokidae) Synodontis robbianus OC (Mochokidae) 6 Mammals Birds Fish (Freshwater) Fish Reptiles (Marine) Russet synodontis Source: Wilson & Reeder (2005) for mammals, Dickinson (2003) for birds, the EMBL Reptile Database (2005) for reptiles, Frost (2004) for amphibians, and FishBase 2004 (2004) for fishes (in NBSAP 2016-2020) Table 4: Biodiversity-Related Sites in Nigeria Category of Number Comments Biodiversity related sites National Parks 17 Nigeria’s National Parks are the reservoirs of Nigeria’s biodiversity. They are high priority conservation areas and are in seventeen locations, namely: Old Oyo National park in Oyo State, Cross River National Park in Cross River state, Gashaka-Gumti in Taraba/Adamawa states, Okomu National Park in Edo state, Chad Basin National Park in Borno/Yobe States, Kainji Lake National Park in Niger/Kwara States, Kamuku National Park in Kaduna state, Alawa National Park (Niger State), Apoi National Park (Bayelsa State), Edumenum National Park (Bayelsa State), Falgore National Park (Kano State), Hadejia National Park (Jigawa State), Kampe National Park (Kwara State), Kogo National Park (Katsina State), Marai National Park, (Jigawa State), Oba Hill National Park, (Osun State), and Pandam National Park. With the 10 additional new parks, Nigeria now has two National Parks situated in Bayelsa that take care of Nigeria’s extensive Mangrove ecosystem. The Federal Government is making arrangements, under Public Private Partnership (PPP), to partially commercialize three of these Parks: Cross River National Park, Gashaka-Gumti National Park, and Kainji Lake National Park so as to give room for the private sector to invest in them and also to reduce government burden. Important Bird 27 These are identified as important biodiversity areas. All National Parks Areas have IBAS within them and 60% of Nigeria Ramsar sites are also IBAs Ramsar Sites 11 Management plans have been developed for four of these sites (Apoi Creek, Lower Kaduna, Oguta Lake and Baturiya) but are yet to be implemented due to lack of funding. The national wetland policy is at draft stage and there are plans to 7 designate four more sites (Chingurme, Ibom/Cross River estuary, Wawan Rafi Wetlands and Akassa coastal wetland. World Heritage 2 As at 2023, Nigeria has only two World Heritage Sites. The Sukur Sites Kingdom in Mandara Mountains in Madagali LGA of Adamawa State in north-eastern Nigeria is the first Nigerian landmark to be listed on the World Heritage Sites, while Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove made the list later in 2005. Forest Reserves 1001 50% still maintain their Forest Reserve status, while the remaining 50% have either been de-reserved or have been encroached upon and converted to either farmlands or residential areas Game Reserves 32 60% under various levels of management (State Governments and a few managed by communities) Sacred groves 1 Many in number and at varied levels of protection 8

2.5 DIVERSITY OF MARINE SPECIES OR GROUPS IN NIGERIA Isebor (1998) reported that the major elements of mangroves in the country included the dominant species Rhizophora racemosa, Avicennia africana and Nypa fructicans. A list of plant families found in the Nigerian coastal zone is given in Table 5, which includes 60 species belonging to 49 genera. She noted that various surveys carried out in the Nigerian coastal zone indicated that the mangroves had been impacted by human activities Table 5: Mangrove and Associated Vegetation in the Nigerian Coastal Zone No. Family Genera Species 1 Rhizophoraceae 1 3 2 Avicenniaceae 1 1 3 Combretaceae 2 2 4 Adiantaceae 1 1 (Polypodiaceae) 5 Amaranthaceae 1 2 6 Palmae 5 6 7 Araceae 2 2 8 Apocynaceae 1 1 9 Cannaceae 1 1 10 Convolvulaceae 1 2 11 ceratophyllaceae 1 1 12 Panadanaceae 1 1 13 Papilionaceae 2 2 14 Cyperaceae 5 8 15 Typhaceae 1 1 16 Lemmaceae 2 2 17 Loganiaceae 1 1 18 Moraceae 1 2 19 Nymphaeaceae 1 1 20 Onagraceae 1 1 21 Poaceae 5 7 22 Polygonanceae 2 2 23 Rubiaceae 4 4 24 Salviniaceae 1 1 25 Scrophulariaceae 1 1 26 Sphenocleaceae 1 1 27 Passifloraceae 1 1 28 Pontederiaceae 1 1 Source: Chapman, V. J. (1984), RPI/NNPC (1985) & Isebor, C. E. (1998) 9 Isebor (2003) reported the following taxonomic list of species and genera that were identified from the Nigerian coastal zone:  103 genera of phytoplankton;  35 species from 32 genera of zooplankton;  23 species of shrimp, belonging to 16 genera;  9 families of crabs comprising 17 genera and 23 species;  13 bird families, comprising 45 species; and  Mammals consisting of Fruit bats that most likely play an important role in the reproductive biology of most mangrove plants by acting as their pollinator, a large population of tree pangolin (Manis tracuspis), Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus), Leopard (Panthera capensis), Otter (Aonyx capensis), Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), short nosed crocodile (Orteolaemis tetraspis), Mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona), Putty nose monkey (C. nictitanus), Forest genet (Genetta poensis), Hippoptamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), Red river hog (Potamocherus porcus), Buffalo (Syncerus caffer), Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), Maxwell duiker (Cephalophus maxwelli), Yellow-backed duiker (Cephalophus sylvicultor), Blue duiker (C. monticola), Brush tailed porcupine (Antherurus africanus), Olive colombus (Colobus verus), Chimpanzees (Pan trogloytes), Pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropis liberiensis), Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei) and manatees (Trichenchus senegalensis) classified as endangered species of wildlife utilize the coastal zone, occurring in remote and undisturbed mangrove forests, they feed on leaves and fruits and palm shoots. Some monkeys have a preference for feeding on mangrove leaves.

2.6 ENDANGERED SPECIES FOUND IN NIGERIA The Earth’s Endangered Creatures (2006-2026) showed that endangered species found in Nigeria included: 35 species of Birds, 19 species of Amphibians, 24 species of Fish, 37 species of Mammals, 4 species of Reptiles and 168 species of plants. Specifically, the Wild African Fund through a report from Tribune Online (May 19, 2023) showed that some of the endangered animals in Nigeria included: Pangolins (Phataginus spp, Manis tricuspis, Smutsia gigantea), Lions (Panthera leo), Elephant (Loxodonta africana), Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli), Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti), Leopards (Panthera capensis), African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), Olive Colobus (Colobus verus), Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), West African Manatees (Trichechus senegalensis), Dama gazelle (Nanger dama), White throated guenon (Cercopithecus nictitanus), Sclater’s guenon (Cercopithecus sclateri), Pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropis liberiensis), Drill monkey (Mandrillus leucophaeus), West African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), Martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), White backed vulture (Gyps africanus), Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus), and Ibadan malimbe (Malimbus ibadanensis). The IUCN Red List for Critically Endangered species in Nigeria showed that some of these endangered species were also critically endangered and the list is given below. 10 Table 6: List of Critically Endangered Species in Nigeria according to the IUCN Red List (2025) Scientific name Common name Taxonid Category Cynisca gansi 203808 CR Cynisca kigomensis 203810 CR Piliocolobus epieni Niger Delta Red Colobus 41024 CR Garra trewavasae 182873 CR Neolebias powelli 183014 CR Pentaphlebia gamblesi Gambles's Relic 169192 CR Neurolestes nigeriensis Gamble's Flatwing 169248 CR Fundulopanchax powelli 182566 CR Dactyladenia dichotoma 32703 CR Dactyladenia eketensis 32704 CR Napoleonaea lutea 32707 CR Berlinia hollandii 32711 CR Napoleonaea reptans 32708 CR Sclerophrys perreti Perret's Toad 54732 CR Hymenostegia talbotii 32717 CR Cassipourea eketensis 32721 CR Source: IUCN Red List (2025) They also made reference to the work of NACGRAB (2008), which stated that, of the IUCN list of threatened species, 146 were found in Nigeria, 18 under the ‘endangered’ and 15 under the ‘critically endangered’ categories.

2.7 Analysis of Trends in the threats to biodiversity in Nigeria Nigeria is a country with rich biodiversity. Equally, some of these biodiversity resources have been shown to be rapidly declining or threatened or critically endangered: at the verge of extinction. The causes of these are many but apart from the globally known drivers of biodiversity loss such as climate change, habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and invasive alien species, Nigeria has 11 poverty as a single cross-cutting factor that makes the intensity of each of these threats in Nigeria to be increasingly worsening and alarming in some cases. This is because many Nigerians are poor and depend on biodiversity resources in many ways including for food, fuel, medicine and livelihoods, as well as spiritual and cultural needs. The ecology is therefore largely and directly linked to the social and economic well-being of these Nigerians. Therefore, measures to halt or reduce biodiversity loss in Nigeria, must integrate poverty reduction for success and sustainability. Generally, to save our rich biodiversity, national actions to halt or reduce biodiversity loss must be seen as urgent, sustained, effective, inclusive, beneficial to the people, collaborative, linked to poverty reduction, adequately supported (both financially and technically), and monitored over time; and must integrate appropriate education and awareness on the need for conservation, among other things. Some of the highlights of the reports of the devastating impacts of these threats to biodiversity in Nigeria in this text show that:  “As of 2005, Nigeria had the highest rate of deforestation in the world” (FAO 2005);  “Between 2000 and 2005, Nigeria lost 55.7% of its primary forest” (FAO 2005);  “In 2020 Nigeria lost 97.8 kilohectares of natural forest, equivalent to 59.5 metric ton of CO2 emissions” (FAO 2020);  “Nigeria had the highest deforestation rate in the world with an estimated 3.7% of its forest lost every year” (UN, FAO);  “The period of slower warming during the 2000s and early 2010s had ended in Nigeria with a dramatic jump to warmer temperatures between 2014 and 2015” (National Academy of Science 2020);  “The use of the mangrove stem as fuel wood (i.e., firewood) in 2022 had decimated 25% of the mangrove population and the rate of decline is increasing yearly” (Numbere & Maduike, 2022);  “Nigeria lost around 70km² of its mangrove forest between 2007 and 2016, which amounts to about 1%” (Internet Geography);  “Nigeria has lost approximately 400 sq. km of mangroves, due to oil spills and development activities, making it the most affected country in West Africa” (USAID);  “Nigeria flares 17.2 billion cubic metres of natural gas per year in conjunction with the exploration of crude oil in the Niger Delta, which adversely affected both flora and fauna and their fragile ecosystem” (Bello & Amadi, 2019);  “More gas is flared in Nigeria than anywhere else in the world” (Bello & Amadi, 2019);  “Some of the threatened species: the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis), manatees (Trichechus senegalensis), maritime hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious), Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), slender nosed crocodile (Crocodylus cataphractus) and dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis), which are previously reported in International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List are mostly due to oil and gas exploration” (Ito & Ugbome, 2017);  “With continuous gas flaring activities, the fauna diversities which abound in the Niger Delta Region will be extinct” (Agbagwa & Ndukwu, 2014);  “A recent study shows that from 2010–2017, nipa palm spread at a rate 600 times faster than the previous rate of colonization, resulting in a 12% loss of native mangroves in the Niger 12 Delta; and that these findings indicate that the mangrove forest of the Niger Delta is in “grave danger” (Nwobi et al., 2020); and  “The Niger Delta mangroves had been so depleted due to all these activities that experts warned that without urgent action they would be lost entirely by the year 2050” (Enunwah, 2023). All these catastrophic impacts are indications of the magnitude of crisis in biodiversity in Nigeria, which call for urgent actions for biodiversity. Nevertheless, the good news is that there is an increasing positive trend of biodiversity research in Nigeria. Reports show that “of the 141,781 global research studies on biodiversity, 155 (0.1%) are conducted in Nigeria”. Research in biodiversity conservation in Nigeria is therefore encouraging and this is part of the battle. However, it is still not enough considering the enormous crises in biodiversity. Adequate data is required in all areas of biodiversity for attitudinal change that will halt biodiversity loss and in the ambitious spirit of the GBF, also reverse biodiversity loss.

2.7.1 Trends in habitat destruction Habitat destruction through deforestation has over the years posed a persistent threat to biodiversity in Nigeria. Khalid (2022) noted that the Nigerian Government, realizing the alarming rate of deforestation in the country, set up policies to address the problem such as the National Forest Policies of 1988 and 2006; and also granted paramilitary status to the National Parks Service (NPS) to strengthen the service’s action against poaching and trespasses; and that despite these measures deforestation in Nigeria persisted. He reported that in 2020, Nigeria lost 97.8 kilo hectares of natural forest, equivalent to 59.5 metric ton of CO2 emissions. He further gave a report from the Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF), which stated that Nigeria had lost 96% of its original forests because of deforestation. FAO’s report (as cited in Onyenwe et al., (2017) showed that as of 2005, Nigeria had the highest rate of deforestation in the world; and that between 2000 and 2005 the country lost 55.7% of its primary forest. The United Nations’ report (as cited in DGB Group, (2023), showed that Nigeria had the highest deforestation rate in the world with an estimated 3.7% of its forest lost every year. The group identified some of the effects of deforestation as disruption of the natural balance of ecosystems, leading to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and changes in the local climate and recommended sustainable agricultural and forestry practices as well as improving law enforcement and addressing corruption as solutions to deforestation in Nigeria. Omofonmwa’s study (cited in Onyenwe et al., 2017) showed that the main reasons for the clearing of the forest in Nigeria were logging, timber export, subsistence agriculture and notably the collection of wood for fuel which remained problematic in Western Africa.

2.7.2 Trends in Habitat fragmentation Habitat fragmentation occurs when large blocks of habitats are destroyed, leaving behind smaller unconnected blocks by developments such as roads and housing. The remaining smaller unconnected blocks may be too small to sustain populations of a number of species. Fragmentation often results in barriers to species’ movement. Onyenwe et al. (2017) noted that habitat fragmentation in Nigeria had continued at an accelerating rate and accounted for most biodiversity losses since it implied a loss of 13 habitat, reduced patch size and an increasing distance between patches. They identified the causes in Nigeria as mostly human activities especially, when existing vegetation were cleared for agriculture, rural development, urbanization, creation of hydroelectric reservoirs, and soil erosion. Some of the effects on biodiversity include: isolation effects, edge effect, and reduction of gene pool, extinction, climate change and total collapse of an ecosystem. Onyenwe et al. 2017 acknowledged that the government had taken some measures to tackle this problem, such as the formulation of policy on environmental consumption, creation of natural parks and game reserves, enactment of wildlife laws, signing of international treaties, inclusion of conservation studies in school curriculum and manpower development but regretted that despite these efforts the desired result of drastically reducing the high rate of fragmentation remained elusive.

2.7.3 Trends in Climate Change Climate change affects individual species and their interaction with their habitats or ecosystems. It alters the structure and function of an ecosystem making it no longer able to provide its goods and services. The National Academy of Science report (cited in Anabaraonye et al., 2022), observed that the period of slower warming during the 2000s and early 2010s had ended with a dramatic jump to warmer temperatures between 2014 and 2015; stating that these records could help in projecting future climate change effect on biodiversity and ways to best adapt to the changing climate which may include plans on mitigation, adaptation, and monitoring. The report warned that if the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Nigeria were not reduced, there would be a problem because of the interdependence between biodiversity, ecosystem, and human wellbeing, and in particular, Nigerians’ dependence on biodiversity for food, goods and services. The loss, decline or degradation of biodiversity will adversely affect the livelihoods of many Nigerians. The food, goods, and services most Nigerians rely on are linked to biodiversity and its ecosystems. Idowu et al. (as cited in Anabaraonye et al., 2022), reported that the impacts of climate change in Nigeria included: adverse effects on livelihoods such as crop production, livestock production, fisheries, forestry and post-harvest activities, altered rainfall regimes and patterns, floods, increase in temperature and humidity, and other natural disasters like floods, ocean and storm surges, which not only damaged Nigerians’ livelihood, but also caused harm to life and property. They therefore warned that if climate change remained unchecked the situation would degenerate and there would be more incidences of wildfires, floods, drought, and loss of biodiversity. In particular, they pointed out that the overall devastating effect of continued climate impact was that the ability of natural ecosystems to provide ecosystem services would be altered and this would result in the intrusion of exotic species that could tolerate the changing climate and that the implication would be that many plants and animals would be susceptible to extinction if proper natural resource management and timely climate change education were not carried out.

2.7.4 Trends in Overexploitation of species Numbere and Maduike (2022) noted that overexploitation of forest and aquatic resources in the Niger Delta had become a recurring decimal and had led to the decline in species population. They 14 gave an example of the use of the mangrove stem as fuel wood (i.e., firewood) that had decimated 25% of the mangrove population and lamented that the rate of decline was increasing yearly, and that if nothing was done to protect and conserve them, they would become endangered in a few years. They also reported that overfishing had been going on in the Niger Delta for decades because of a lack of regulation and control, and most of the fish in the river were caught unsustainably; and the limited educational opportunities and training programs for artisanal fisher folks that hinder their ability to acquire essential skills and knowledge to enhance productivity. They observed that most of them lacked knowledge about sustainable fishing practices, fish stock management, or market dynamics; and suggested that access to training programs that focus on modern fishing techniques, resource management, and business skills would help to improve productivity.

2.7.5 Trends in Pollution Pollution can be described as the introduction of harmful materials (called pollutants), which can be natural or created by human activities, into the environment. Pollutants damage the quality of the air, water, and land where they are introduced. Some sources of pollution in Nigeria include: oil exploration and exploitation, vehicular movement, power generation, agricultural and industrial production, residential energy for cooking and heating, waste incineration etc. Pollutants from industrial productions, liquid and solid waste, pesticides and chemical fertilizers for agricultural production and domestic purposes release toxic substances into the air, soil or water, which affect aquatic and other organisms in the environment. In Nigeria, pollution from oil exploration and exploitation appear to be more significant in devastation. There are two types of pollution in oil exploration and exploitation namely: oil spillage and gas flaring.

2.7.5.1 Oil Spillage Bello and Amadi (2019) reported that oil pollution distorted aquatic life which not only destroyed the source of livelihood of fishers but also caused a shortage of seafood. Oil spills also destroy fertile soil, impacting the livelihoods of farmers and damaging the supply of agricultural produce. They noted that the Niger Delta region, which is the main seat of oil and gas production in Nigeria, was suffering from the destructive effects of oil and gas exploration and production in terms of enormous oil pollution (through oil spillage and gas flaring) that cause biological diversity degradation and extinction. They reported data from the Department of Petroleum Resources on the amount and number of incidences of oil spill between 2010 and 2014, which was enormous and directly proportional to the high degree of damage to fish and other animals, land, vegetation, water quality and livelihoods. In their report, an illustration from UNEP Report of 2011 was presented as in Figure 1 15 Figure 1 Shows the deadly effect of oil spillage in Niger Delta, where fish and other animals were affected. SOURCE: (UNEP Report (2011) in Bello and Amadi (2019) In terms of vegetation in the oil exploration and exploitation areas of the Niger Delta, the mangrove forest is the most valuable asset and the most critical. Oil and gas, and other development activities pollute the environment and destroy this asset. Enunwah (2023) explains that Nigeria’s mangrove forests provide habitats for wildlife, support coastal fishing communities, and are a major natural solution to the impacts of climate change; and that the mangroves also provide shoreline protection, prevent erosions and storms, protect against coastline floods, and maintains water quality. He reported that Nigeria’s mangrove forests were threatened by oil spills and development projects that were damaging these precious ecosystems and causing coastal erosion. According to his report, the Niger Delta mangroves had been so depleted due to these activities that experts warned that without urgent action they would be lost entirely by the year 2050. He also reported that: “according to the research team at Internet Geography, Nigeria lost around 70km² of its mangrove forest between 2007 and 2016, which amounts to about 1%”; and that “the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that, in total, Nigeria has lost approximately 400 sq. km of mangroves, making it the most affected country in West Africa”.

2.7.5.2 Gas Flaring According to the World Bank, between 2012 and 2022 Nigeria flared an estimated 80 billion standard cubic metres of gas worth ₦9 trillion as part of its oil production processes. In 2021 alone, 6.6 billion cubic metres of gas was flared which adversely affected both flora and fauna and their fragile ecosystem. Gas flares contain toxins that adversely affect the health and livelihoods of the local communities, birds, cause acid rain, which destroys the forest and crops and promotes biodiversity loss. At the time of this NBSAP preparation, gas flaring is ongoing and these devastating effects are increasingly worsening. Agbagwa and Ndukwu’s study (as cited in Ito & Ugbome, 2017) noted the report from World Bank, (1995), which highlighted some of the species threatened by oil and gas exploration, including pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis), manatees (Trichechus senegalensis), maritime hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious), Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), slender nosed crocodile (Crocodylus cataphractus) and dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis). They also noted the report from Ohimain (2003) that such wildlife species as the Cape clawless otter (Aonyx 16 capensis), African palm nut vulture (Gypohierax angolensis), fire-footed squirrel (Funisciurus pyrropus), Hammerkop (Scopus umbretta), African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), Sclater’s guenon (Cercopithecus sclateri), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei), and white throated monkey (Cercopithecus erythrogaster), which occurred in the area required conservation. They warned that with continuous gas flaring activities, these fauna diversities which abound in this region would become extinct.

2.7.6 Trends in Invasive Alien Species Invasive species have been defined as an introduced species to an environment that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Some of the common plant invasive species in Nigeria are: Nipa palm (Nipa fruticans), Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and Typha grass (Typha latifolia). (Nwobi et al., (as cited in Kabari et al., 2003) reported that a recent study showed that from 2010–2017, nipa palm spread at a rate 600 times faster than the previous rate of colonization, resulting in a 12% loss of native mangroves in the Niger Delta. The report stated that the study’s authors wrote that their findings indicated that the mangrove forest of the Niger Delta was in “grave danger”.

2.7.7 Trends in Research in biodiversity Sulaiman (2021), presented with fast-declining biodiversity and a lack of data, conducted a study to quantify biodiversity studies in Nigeria available on the Web of Science database by collecting data from the Web of Science core collection from 1970-2020 with “Biodiversity” as the search term. He reported that of the 141,781 global research studies on biodiversity, 155 (0.1%) were conducted in Nigeria; that Ecology and Environmental Science Journal were the top leading Web of Science subject category, both with 34 published articles, followed by Biodiversity Conservation (21) and Plant Science (19); that (Bergi et al., 2007) was the most cited article with forty-nine (49) citations; and that the University of Ibadan and Luiselli L. were the affiliated authors with the highest number of published articles on biodiversity in Nigeria. He concluded that, in all, there was an increasing trend of biodiversity research in Nigeria over the years; and that in comparison to the global research in biodiversity and considering the rate of biodiversity loss both locally and globally, there was a need for more biodiversity research in Nigeria. He advised Wildlife managers and conservationists to pay more attention to biodiversity research in Nigeria. While this is important, it may also be necessary to advise these researchers on the need for simplicity and open access. 17 CHAPTER THREE Reviews and Assessments of the existing NBSAP

3.0 Process of developing the NBSAP 2025-2030 The NBSAP 2025-2030 is the revised version of the NBSAP 2016-2020, and an alignment with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). The development process involved extensive desk reviews especially to ascertain the current state of biodiversity in the country and the emerging challenges, policy and institutional alignment and review for achieving coherence with the GBF. Other reviews and assessments such as the assessment and review of the existing NBSAP 2016-2020 and review and assessment of gaps in its monitoring system, focused on the need to ensure that the revised NBSAP builds on the existing one. There was comprehensive stakeholder mobilization and engagement to ensure inclusive participation with a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach. Relevant stakeholder consultations and engagements for key economic sectors were undertaken to ensure ownership and buy-in from them. There were various peer reviews and validations in plenaries for crucial components of the NBSAP. These approaches are duly discussed in the NBSAP document.

3.1 Assessment and Review of the existing NBSAPs

3.1.1 Methodology: A structured stakeholder questionnaire for a survey on Revising the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) in Nigeria was prepared and distributed to the multi-stakeholders who participated in the revision and implementation of the existing NBSAP. Areas covered by the questionnaire included: value of biodiversity and ecosystem services, threats to biodiversity, review of existing NBSAP, and new national targets. A number of stakeholders answered the questions and returned their questionnaires as required of them. The responses were collated for assessment. STRENGTHS Nigeria’s previous National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAPs) complied with Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and COP Decision X/2 urging the Parties to prepare NBSAPs and to regularly update/revise them. These gave the nation dependable information on the status of its biodiversity, direction for their conservation and sustainable use and the institutional and legal frameworks that govern biodiversity issues in the country. The second NBSAP (2016-2020) in particular, built on the gains of the previous one as follows: i. It followed a participatory approach. Authorities and stakeholders who could play a role at each level were identified and engaged. This, in a way, helped to raise a crop of committed, experienced and relevant multi-stakeholders for biodiversity action who were involved in the revision process and the implementation of the revised NBSAP and who consequently, could handle similar assignments in the future with ease. It becomes relatively easier therefore, to 18 engage them again for the current exercise of revising the existing NBSAP in line with the goals of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. ii. The capacity of the National Coordinator and the Focal Points of the thematic areas of the CBD were able to better carry out the revision process. Some of these Focal Points are maintaining their involvement by serving at various levels and capacities in the on-going revision process. Some members of the Expert Peer Review Team who reviewed draft reports prepared by Consultants before they were presented to the multi-stakeholders for further discussion and validation at the plenary supported the current exercise. iii. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation plans were put in place which laid the foundation for a culture of accountability in biodiversity action. iv. For transparency, an operable biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism, www.chm- cbd.com.ng was developed for information dissemination and sharing. The multi-stakeholder institutions for the NBSAP implementation can still be relevant and useful. The major challenges in biodiversity conservation and management in Nigeria that were identified during the Stocktaking and Assessment were mainstreamed into the National Targets and Actions of the NBSAP (2016-2020). These made it a robust NBSAP capable of addressing biodiversity concerns when implemented. The actions implemented in the NBSAP (2016-2020) will provide the baselines for their alignment with the actions of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. WEAKNESSES Despite the existing NBSAPs being sources of strength for those that follow, the NBSAP (2016- 2020), was flawed mainly at implementation. The following features in particular were problematic: i. The Implementation Plans were poorly developed. The plans for capacity development for NBSAP implementation, the technology needs assessment, and the resource mobilization for NBSAP implementation, were carried out without reference to the national targets and actions. The national targets and actions should have been the basis for the development of the implementation plans. ii. The capacity needs identified during assessment were not addressed either before or during the NBSAP implementation. It is wrong to assume that implementing institutions can take care of these by themselves. These had a negative impact on many aspects of NBSAP implementation, for example the technology needs for monitoring. iii. The third objective of the CBD: ‘the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources’, which was the national NBSAP (2016-2020) target 11, did not receive enough specific attention as deserved from sub-national entities especially the Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC). iv. There was no plan put in place to raise additional financial resources required to take actions to reach the targets. Once the funds available for the revision process were exhausted, the next stage was stalled. v. Implementation was marred by weak coordination and collaboration of the implementing agencies. Members of the apex body of the implementation structure, the Biodiversity 19 Steering Committee, though properly constituted, were not formally inaugurated. They, therefore, did not function and this made the coordination and monitoring weak. vi. Many implementing institutions carried out projects as silos and the data generated remained with them. vii. Monitoring of projects was weakened by lack of adequate investment in it and the collection of data. In particular, there were no dedicated operational monitoring tools.. Hence, biodiversity information dissemination through the biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism became a challenge despite its operability. viii. The greatest undoing of the preparation and implementation of the NBSAP is the weak status of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nigeria. The CBD in Nigeria is subsumed in the Federal Department of Forestry (FDF), which first priority is the forest and of course, timber; not their diversity. Timber production is prioritized to the detriment of biodiversity. Unless the status of the CBD in Nigeria is strengthened the desired level of NBSAP implementation will hardly be achieved. More explanation is needed ix. Insecurity, caused by the activities of non-state actors in Nigeria, adversely affected NBSAP implementation. NBSAP projects cited in such areas were abandoned. GAPS It was expected that the NBSAP (2016-2020), would deliver on all its objectives, but with its poor implementation the actual achievement differed from it. If the resultant gaps are not identified and addressed they will negatively impact on the upcoming NBSAP. Consequently, the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and decisions of COP15 in Nigeria will be poor, with only few achievements. The following gaps have been identified: i. A huge disconnect exists between activities in the NBSAP 2016-2020 and its implementation plans. This made the implementation fail to a large extent. For each activity in the NBSAP, the implementation plan, (e.g. resource mobilization: human and technical needs and how they will be mobilized- securing sustainable finance for the implementation) should be discussed with the implementing sector and the wider stakeholders. Capacity needs should be developed from the activities of the NBSAP and discussed. ii. There was a gap between capacity needs identified and discussed during NBSAP preparation and implementation. Capacities of institutions or individuals implementing the NBSAP projects should be built or strengthened, considering emerging innovations. For example, for monitoring, capacities of individuals can be built for Geospatial Technology, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. Such capacity building can be centralized. Capacity development in specialized areas can be limited to institutions, as appropriate. iii. Capacity development for NBSAP implementation should commence immediately after NBSAP preparation or during implementation as the need arises. iv. The Biodiversity Steering Committee, the apex body for the implementation, did not function as it was planned, the reason being that constituted members were not formally inaugurated and charged. For effective implementation of NBSAP, such a body must be 20 properly constituted with membership drawn from civil servants, bureaucrats, senior scientists, Indigenous Peoples and Local communities, and formally inaugurated and charged in a ceremony. v. Members of the other bodies that report to them in a hierarchical order, the National Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation Coordinating Unit (NBMECU) and the National Biodiversity Working Group (NBWG) should be properly constituted, formally inaugurated and charged in a ceremony. vi. Collection of data and information will be strengthened if functional vehicles are made available and assigned to Desk Officers for that purpose. vii. There is an existing gap between the effectiveness of biodiversity thematic area focal points in the Ministry of Environment and the biodiversity Desk Officers outside the environment ministry. Desk Officers on biodiversity issues from Ministries, Departments and Agencies in national and sub-national levels and IPLC should have capacity building equitably. Inclusiveness in training is vital to the success of the NBSAP implementation at all levels of government. viii. The financial gap is wide between available funds and those required for implementation, therefore, support to bridge the gap should be provided by CBD and other relevant institutions. ix. Closing the gap created by the lack of collaboration and synergy can lead to effective management of the NBSAP projects at reduced cost. The regular fostering of activities between the Federal Ministry of Environment and other stakeholders on NBSAP implementation can be a solution. ix. Information is not regularly revised to the CHM, therefore Revising of information in CHM should be strengthened. x. The current institutional arrangement for the implementation of the Rio conventions is not holistic as biodiversity loss is left behind. A department to handle biodiversity issues should be established as it was done for climate change and desertification. The department will host the secretariat of the CBD and better foster all the activities of the CBD in Nigeria including NBSAP preparation and implementation. OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities exist to effectively conserve our biodiversity despite the numerous challenges it faces. The KMGBF deal for nature, especially the agreement on stronger means of implementation, includes more financing on the table for developing countries. The generous commitment of donor countries or organizations as indicated in the GBF target 19 is highly commendable. The new NBSAP implementing entities should take advantage of this opportunity to improve NBSAP implementation. i. The removal of the fuel (gasoline) subsidy, while controversial, marks a decisive policy shift by the Nigerian government. By promoting the use of gas over traditional white petroleum products such as gasoline—due to its lower carbon intensity— Nigeria aims to reduce carbon emissions and strengthen its ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change, thereby supporting biodiversity conservation. 21 ii. The government resolved to strengthen forest governance in its fight against non-state actors operating in the forests. The NBSAP should ensure that all forests are protected by recruiting more Forest Guards and expanding protected areas. iii. The late Roman Catholic Pontiff, His Holiness, Pope Francis has, in his widely promoted encyclical, Laudato Si’, drawn the attention of the world to the need to care for our common home, the earth, and avoid further loss of biodiversity. This is a call for biodiversity conservation to a large number of people on earth. We can leverage on the Pope’s message and deliver key biodiversity messages to specific audiences in the NBSAP implementation. iv. There is a huge fund in climate financing. Climate change and biodiversity loss are linked as ecosystem services regulate the global climate. Therefore, climate funds can also be applied to strengthen ecosystem services in order to address Climate Change issues. This is an area NBSAP can get additional funding for its implementation. Collaboration between the management of biodiversity and climate change at all levels will help. V. Significant funding opportunities also exist through investments from oil and gas companies, which can support robust biodiversity conservation efforts. Such involvement not only contributes to environmental sustainability but also enhances the companies’ corporate reputation. vi. NBSAP managers are expected to explore how the current Nigerian NBSAP can leverage these opportunities to enhance conservation outcomes. Further details have been discussed in earlier sections of this document. However, it is recommended that the revised NBSAP specifically includes the following two projects for presentation to oil and gas companies for potential collaboration and support:  Target 4 No. 4: Establishing a national center / institute for knowledge and sustainable Use of Biodiversity; and  Target 21 No. 1: Conducting a National Biodiversity Resources Assessment to increase the level of standardization and interoperability among existing data, tools and platform.

3.2.0 REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF GAPS OF THE EXISTING BIODIVERSITY MONITORING SYSTEM The existing biodiversity monitoring system (NBSAP 2016-2020) has gaps that affected the effective implementation of the NBSAP. These include: data collection gaps, lack of baseline data, inadequate capacity (technical and financial), weak coordination and collaboration, policy and regulatory challenges, insufficient public awareness creation, limited integration, inconsistent reporting frequencies, non-adherence to suggested standardized reporting metrics, insufficient stakeholder 22 engagement, and technological limitations. Addressing these gaps in the revised NBSAP that is aligned with the KMGBF goals and targets is crucial for improving the monitoring system and achieving the goals of biodiversity conservation in Nigeria.

3.2.1 DATA COLLECTION GAPS: There was a lack of comprehensive and consistent data collection methods across different organizations and economic sectors, leading to incomplete or fragmented information. The National Biodiversity Working Group hardly functioned as a team across organizations and sectors. In addition, there was insufficient data collection infrastructure and technology, leading to gaps in biodiversity data. This made it difficult to assess and monitor biodiversity changes accurately.

3.2.2 LACK OF BASELINE DATA: There was an absence of comprehensive baseline data against which progress could be measured, making it challenging to track changes over time.

3.2.3 TECHNOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS: Limited access to modern monitoring technologies hindered effective data collection and real-time monitoring of biodiversity indicators. Outdated or inadequate technology and infrastructure limited the efficiency of data collection, processing, and reporting.

3.2.4 INADEQUATE CAPACITY (TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL): Limited technical and financial resources affected the ability of institutions to effectively monitor and analyze biodiversity data. There was a noticeable shortage of skilled personnel to carry out monitoring and conservation tasks, which led to inconsistencies in data reporting and analysis. The monitoring system often suffered from inadequate funding, resulting in limited operational capacity for conducting regular and thorough biodiversity assessments. Many institutions responsible for reporting lacked the necessary resources and training, affecting their ability to gather and analyze data effectively.

3.2.5 WEAK COORDINATION AND COLLABORATION: Weak coordination among stakeholders involved in biodiversity monitoring, including government agencies, NGOs, and local communities, led to fragmented monitoring efforts and duplication of data collection efforts. It also hindered effective data sharing and collaboration.

3.2.6 POLICY AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES: There were gaps in policy enforcement and regulatory frameworks, which affected the ability to implement monitoring activities effectively. 23

3.2.7 INSUFFICIENT PUBLIC AWARENESS CREATION: Insufficient efforts in raising awareness and engaging local communities in biodiversity monitoring impacted the breadth and accuracy of data collected.

3.2.8 LIMITED INTEGRATION: The monitoring system lacked adequate integration with other governmental and development plans, making it difficult to align biodiversity goals with broader national strategies. Similarly, reporting was sometimes poorly integrated with other national environmental and development plans, leading to fragmented data and strategies.

3.2.9 INSUFFICIENT STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT: The involvement of local communities, NGOs, and other stakeholders in reporting and data collection was often inadequate, which affected the inclusivity and comprehensiveness of the reports.

3.2.10 INCONSISTENT REPORTING FREQUENCIES: Reports were not always produced at regular intervals, leading to gaps in tracking progress over time.

3.2.11 NON-APPLICATION OF SUGGESTED, STANDARDIZED REPORTING METRICS: The non-application of suggested standardized reporting metrics affected the implementation of the NBSAP. Standardized metrics were suggested for the performance indicators for assessing progress but these were not often applied by focal points monitoring interventions. There is a need for focal points to follow suggested standardized metrics and methodologies for reporting biodiversity changes, which would allow for more consistent and comparable data.

3.3 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND MAPPING A stakeholder mapping exercise was carried out during a multi-stakeholder meeting involving Ministries, Departments, and Agencies, research institutes, NGOs, local and indigenous communities, women, youth, and people with disabilities, academia, and private sector representatives among others. This is to ensure inclusive participation and capture diverse perspectives in the Revising process. Table 7 shows stakeholder mapping with national targets. Table 7: Stakeholder Mapping with National Targets Targets Stakeholders Stakeholder leaders Target 1. By 2030, all areas are EA,NASRDA, NESREA, Federal Federal Department of effectively managed to bring Ministry of Justice, LISDEL, Forestry (FDF) loss of areas of high biodiversity NIOMR, FRIN, MPR, NUPRC, importance close to zero NNPCL, NMDPRA, FDF, FMAFS, 24 Targets Stakeholders Stakeholder leaders NCDC, NOSDRA, NPS, PC&EH, FMEnv, NCCC, NIPRD, NCF, NYBN, Ministry of Niger Delta, State Ministries in charge of biodiversity, Biodiversity Education Centre, Youths, ABS Protocol, Department of Fisheries Target 2. By 2030, 30% of Environmental Health(Global FDF identified and prioritized Approval), FDF, NPS, NASRDA, degraded areas are under FMAFS,NYBN, ABS, Federal effective restoration programs Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, DDA, NCF, FMWR, Federal Ministry of Justice, NASRDA, NAGGW/DDM Department, NCCC Target 3. By 2030, 30% of land, Federal Ministry of Marine and FDF seas and oceans are effectively Blue Economy, ABS, NYBN, NCF, protected and conserved FMEnv, NPS, FDF, Ministry of including key biodiversity areas Niger Delta. and Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs) Target 4. By 2030, threatened NYBN, Biodiversity Education FDF species are recovering, genetic Centre, Youth, NPS, NCF, FRIN, diversity is being maintained NOA, FDF (Wildlife), NBRDA and human-wildlife conflict is (NACGRAB), NIOMR being managed in conservation areas Target 5: By 2030, use, harvest, Federal Department of Fisheries and FDF and trade of wild species are Marine Economy, FDF (wildlife), sustainable, safe and legal while NIPRD, ECN, NAQS, NIGERIA mainstreaming customary CUSTOMS SERVICE, NESREA, sustainable use by local FMITI (TRADE MINISTRY), communities Target 6: By 2030, invasive NAQS, FDF, FRIN, NIMASA, FDF alien species and their pathways NIOMR are identified and prioritized and priority species controlled, and measures are put in place to 25 Targets Stakeholders Stakeholder leaders manage pathways across the ecological zones Target 7: By 2030, pollution is FMIST, FMAFS, PC&EH, NESREA reduced, halving nutrient loss NOSDRA, NOA, Environmental and pesticide risk in final Protection Agencies, NESREA, deposition NAQS, NAFDAC Target 8: By 2030, impacts of Federal Ministry of Health, NCDC, NCCC Climate Change in Nigeria, and NPS, NCF, NCCC, Youths, Federal Ocean Acidification in the Ministry of Blue Economy, Coastal Zones, are minimized Fisheries Department, EA through nature-based solutions. Department, FDF, NOSDRA, Ministry of Niger Delta, DDA, ECN Target 9. By 2030, wild species NOSDRA, MNDO, NPS, FDF FDF are sustainably managed and (FPU), State Forestry Dept. utilized for the benefits of the Fisheries Department, people Target 10: By 2030, 50% of DDA, NPS, FDF, NIPRD, FMAFS, FMAFS prioritized areas each under Biodiversity Education Centre, agriculture, aquaculture, Fisheries Department, Federal fisheries and forestry are Ministry of Lands and Survey, State managed sustainably, in Forestry Departments, Local particular through the Government Areas, sustainable use of biodiversity, and bio-friendly practices Target 11: By 2030, nature’s FDF, Federal Ministry of Water FDF contributions to people are Resources, Pollution Control & restored, maintained and Environmental Health Department, enhanced through Nature-based NYBN, Biodiversity Education solutions in Nigeria Centre, FMAFS, AEWA, NPS, FRIN, NGOs, NBRDA (NACGRAB) Target 12: By 2030, creation of SUSTY VIBES, African Climate Federal Ministry of Housing urban green and blue spaces is and Environmental Foundation, and Urban Development enhanced for human well-being Green Fingers Conservation in all the states and the FCT Sanctuary, NIPRD, Youth, Biodiversity Education, FMHUD, NOA, Federal Ministry of Education, Energy Commission Of 26 Targets Stakeholders Stakeholder leaders Nigeria (ECN), State Environmental Protection Agencies, Target 13. By 2030, effective FDF, Federal Ministry of Justice, FDF legal, policy, administrative and NCF, NESREA, ABS, NESREA, capacity building measures are BDCA, NYBN, NAGRAP, put in place to enhance the Fair Biodiversity Education Centre, and Equitable Sharing of State Government, International Benefits arising from: the Collaborator, utilisation of genetic resources; digital sequence information on genetic resources; and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources at all levels. Target 14: By 2030, national FDF, NOA, Ministry of Budget & FDF accounting to fully integrate Planning, National Bureau of multiple values of biodiversity Statistics (NBS), NPS, NIPRD, into decision making Biodiversity Education Centre, frameworks within and across Federal Ministry of Education, all levels of government and FRIN, Economic sectors, Budget across all sectors is developed. and National Planning Target 15: By 2030, legal and Ministry of Budget & Planning, FDF (Forestry) administrative measures are put National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), in place to ensure that large and Federal Department of Fisheries transnational companies, Corporate Affairs Commission financial institutions and other (CAC), Business For Nature, FDF, businesses assess and publicly NESREA, disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks; and reduce negative impacts Target 16: By 2030, Sustainable Youths, FMAFS, Environmental FMAFS consumption choices are Protection, NOA, FDF enabled, and food waste across the agricultural value chain are reduced. Target 17: By 2030, biosafety NBMA,NBRDA, NBMA measures are strengthened in NVRC/NACGRAB, NAQS, NOA, Nigeria and benefits arising FDF, FMAFS, Biodiversity from safe biotechnology using 27 Targets Stakeholders Stakeholder leaders Nigeria’s genetic resources are Education Centre, equitably, accessible and distributed Target 18: By 2026, 50% of Business for Nature, FDF, Federal National Assembly agricultural subsidies and of Finance, Budget and National incentives that are harmful to Planning, National Assembly, biodiversity are identified and FMEnv, progressively reformed, redirected or repurposed; and 100% reformed, redirected or repurposed by 2030. Target 19: By 2030, a national NCF, Federal Ministry of Finance, Federal Ministry of Finance biodiversity finance plan to Business for Nature, Ministry of mobilise financial resources Budget and National Planning, from all sources is developed. BDCP, FMEnv, FDF Target 20: By 2030, capacity Youths, (Federal Ministry of Youth FDF development, technical and Development, Nigeria Youth scientific cooperation are Biodiversity Network), FMSTI, increased for biodiversity Biodiversity Education Centre, promotion, and for NPS, WEP, NBMA, FMEnv, FDF, implementing NBSAP FRIN, Development Partners, Federal Ministry of Education, NOA Target 21: By 2030, measures NIPRD, FMSTI, FDF (CMS, FDF are put in place to ensure CITES, AEWA), NCF, Fisheries biodiversity data, information, Department, NBMA, FDF, NOA, and knowledge are revised and FMEnv (Planning), Development available for decision-making Partner, FRIN, NIOMR, NPS, Target 22: By 2030, actions are NIPRD, NPS,WEP,, NYBN, FDF taken to ensure active Ministry of Youth Development , participation, justice, and rights NCF, LGAs, FDF,NCF, NGOs, for local communities, women, FMOE, NASS/State House of youth, persons with disabilities Assembly, NOA, Development and environmental defenders in Partner, Federal Ministry of Women the decision-making process, Affairs and Social Development, 28 Targets Stakeholders Stakeholder leaders and in the implementation of Nigerian Association of Chambers the NBSAP of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture, National Human Rights Commission (Nigeria), National Commission For Persons With Disabilities (NCPWD), Federal Ministry of Justice Target 23: By 2030, actions are WEP, NCF, FDF, NOA, NGOs, Federal Ministry of Women taken to ensure women and girls FMHUD, Development Partner, Affairs and Social are given priority in the decision Federal Ministry of Women Affairs Development making process at all levels in and Social Development, the implementation of the NBSAP and other biodiversity actions The figures (2-5) demonstrating the stakeholder mapping with national targets are shown in Appendix A.

3.4 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT Consultative workshops were held for key stakeholders in the implementation of the NBSAP, including the State Directors of Forestry, to ensure the development of the sub-national Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, and for ownership and buy-in of relevant interventions in the revised NBSAP that involve the States including the following:  Target 1: Actions 1.2, 1.6, 1.11, 1.12, and 1.13;  Target 2: Actions 2.1, 2.6, and 2.7;  Target 4: Actions 4.7, 4.8, and 4.10;  Target 5: Actions 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7;  Target 7: Action 7.9;  Target 9: Actions 9.1, and 9.2;  Target 10: Actions 10.4, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.12, and 10.15;  Target 12: Actions 12.4, 12.9, 12.10, and 12.11;  Target 13: Action 13.3;  Target 16: Action 16.5; and  Target 22: Action 22.1. 29 Agricultural sector consultation was also undertaken to ensure ownership and buy-in of interventions in the NBSAP that involve Agriculture. Agriculture is a major driver of biodiversity loss in the country. During the agriculture sector consultation a template for sectoral consultation was developed and used. This helped to make the workshop successful. Table 8 is the Template for Agriculture Sector involvement in the targets and actions of the NBSAP, which the workshop participants worked on. Table 8: Template for Sectoral Consultative Workshop Breakout Group Outcome Table Section Details Key areas where the agriculture sector contributes to biodiversity conservation: - [Insert key points discussed] 1. Agriculture Sector’s Involvement in NBSAP Existing interventions and gaps in implementation: Targets and Actions - [Insert key gaps identified] Opportunities for enhanced alignment with NBSAP targets: - [Insert identified opportunities] Lead institutions/Departments responsible for specific interventions: - [List institutions and their corresponding responsibilities] 2. Institutional Ownership of Agrifood Challenges related to ownership and coordination: Interventions and Actions - [Insert identified challenges] Proposed solutions for improving institutional accountability: - [Insert recommended solutions] Current implementation strategies and their effectiveness: - [Insert existing strategies discussed] Best practices and innovative approaches suggested: 3. Mechanisms for Implementing Agriculture - [Insert new mechanisms proposed] Interventions Barriers to effective implementation and how to address them: - [Insert key barriers and mitigation strategies] Short-term actions (0–12 months): - [List immediate steps to be taken] Medium-term actions (1–3 years): 4. Recommendations and Next Steps - [List mid-term implementation strategies] Long-term actions (Beyond 3 years): - [List long-term interventions and sustainability strategies] 5. Communication and Coordination with CBD Preferred mode of communication for updates and 30 Section Details feedback: - [List agreed communication channels] Designation of NBSAP Desk Officers for the Agricultural Sector: National Focal Point - [List names, institutions, and responsibilities] Roles and expectations of Desk Officers in the NBSAP implementation process: - [Outline specific responsibilities assigned to Desk Officers] Summary of the breakout group’s key agreements and action points: - [Insert summary] 6. Key Takeaways and Conclusion Any additional observations or concerns raised by participants: - [Insert additional observations] At the end of the workshop, participants agreed to integrate the following interventions in:  Target 1: Action 1.19;  Target 5: Actions 5.1; and 5.2;  Target 6: Actions 6.1; and 6. 6  Target 7: Actions7.1, 7.7; and 7.8;  Target 9: Actions 9.2; and 9.3;  Target 10: Actions 10.1; 10.2; 10.3; 10.4; 10.11; and 10.15;  Target 14: Action 14.10;  Target 16: Action 16.6;  Target 18: Actions 18.3 and 18.4 involving agriculture in their sector annual plan and budget. They also agreed to establish a biodiversity desk and to name a focal point. 31 CHAPTER FOUR NEW PRIORITIES:

4.1 Drivers of biodiversity loss: Until recently, climate change and pollution topped the list of drivers of biodiversity loss. Although it is acknowledged that they, especially climate change, are still wreaking havoc in this regard, they are currently no longer perceived as the leading drivers in the collapse of biodiversity. Habitat destruction and over-exploitation of species and ecosystems are the emerging major drivers of the decline in biodiversity on the global scale. Referring to human activity as the culprit of the emergency worldwide increasing decline in biodiversity, (Barreyre & Comte, 2022) explained that to understand the origin of the decline in biodiversity, the IPBES identified five major human-induced pressures that contribute to the collapse of biodiversity: land use change (e.g., deforestation, seabed degradation, etc.), direct exploitation of organisms (e.g., overfishing), climate change, pollution (e.g., neonicotinoids), and invasive species. They stated that ranked by decreasing impact, neither climate change nor pollution was currently the main factor in the collapse in biodiversity; and that on a global scale, the destruction of habitats and the exploitation of species and ecosystems were the main factors causing the decline in biodiversity. Lewis (2023) stated that “in the past century, more than any other time in history, human activities such as land development, deforestation, and pollution have prevented the ecosystem functioning correctly, and threatened the biodiversity in habitats and communities the world over”. He observed that the challenges facing biodiversity conservation were complex and interconnected, requiring urgent and collaborative action from governments, businesses, communities, civil society organisations and individuals worldwide. Similarly, in Nigeria habitat loss and fragmentation is the biggest threat. However, in addition to these, the other major drivers of biodiversity loss in Nigeria are invasive species and trafficking in wildlife and forest products. These threats are exacerbated by high population and high population growth rate, rapid urbanisation, poverty, lack of livelihoods, corruption, conflict and insecurity, lack of biodiversity awareness and international demand for natural resource components. The Cable (2024) reported that this threat of human activity in Nigeria is also heightened by many other challenges such as inadequate funding, lack of capacity, and lack of data, conflicting policies and laws, poor enforcement and compliance, low stakeholder participation and collaboration and limited public awareness and education all of which hinder the effective implementation of the national and international commitments and obligations that it made to protect and sustainably use its biodiversity. It suggested that addressing the threat of habitat loss and fragmentation, Nigeria would need to adopt and implement integrated land use planning and management approaches that balance the competing demands of different sectors and stakeholders for land and natural resources. It therefore suggested the application of the principles of ecosystem-based management, landscape connectivity, and spatial prioritization which integrate the ecological, social, and economic values and functions of biodiversity and ecosystems. Fiches (2022) observed that the direct and indirect pressures on biodiversity in Nigeria are numerous and mainly of an anthropogenic nature. It reported that, according to the National Strategy for Combating Wildlife and Forest Crime in Nigeria (2022-2026), habitat change, overexploitation, 32 pollution, invasive species, climate change, and trafficking in wildlife and forest products are the major drivers of biodiversity loos in Nigeria. It identified other issues and challenges to include: inconsistent government policies, failure of conservation (as a form of land use) to compete effectively with alternative land uses, habitat degradation and blockage of wildlife corridors, illegal resource extraction, HIV/AIDS pandemic and human-wildlife conflicts, rapid population growth and urbanization, poverty and lack of alternative livelihoods, corruption, inadequate management capacity, insufficient data collection and transparency, conflict and insecurity, lack of environmental and biodiversity awareness, and international demands for natural resource products.

4.1.1 Habitat Loss (Habitat Destruction and Habitat Fragmentation) A habitat is the place where animals or plants naturally live. Habitat loss includes habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. Some of the factors responsible for habitat loss are deforestation, forest degradation, agricultural expansion, fire, over-use Mining and open grazing in protected area and urbanization. Habitat loss is the main threat to all threatened or endangered species. Habitat destruction occurs when the physical environment required by a species is altered so that the species can no longer live there. Forests with timber are sometimes removed and palm oil plantations are planted in replacement. According to Global Forest Watch, 9.7% of tree cover was lost globally from 2002 to 2019, and 9% of that occurred in Indonesia and Malaysia. Habitat fragmentation occurs when the living space of a species is divided into discontinuous patches. For example, a mountain highway can divide a forest into separate patches. Wildlife corridors mitigate the damage of habitat fragmentation by connecting patches with suitable habitat. Lewis (2023) reported that in 2010, Sir John Lawton recommended that we needed to not just stop destroying habitat degradation, but make sure that we also created new habitats and ensured that habitats were better connected, and that these then became protected areas. He stated that ecosystem connectivity was a vital aspect of biodiversity conservation; and that creating connected habitats, especially habitats suitable for threatened species, at a landscape scale enabled species to move around and ensured that different ecosystems continued to interact. He noted that the approach not only supported species diversity but also enhanced the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes. Measures to address the challenge of habitat loss have been integrated into the revised NBSAP. There is an action to create wildlife corridor to mitigate the damage of habitat fragmentation and ensure ecosystem connectivity which is:  3.11: Safeguarding of wildlife corridors in terms of spatial development/habitat connectivity axes/Green Infrastructure. There are also provisions in the revised NBSAP to create new habitats. Examples are:  2.5: Promoting Natural Regeneration to increase the area covered by pastoral, large scale landscape planning and enrichment planting in the dry forest/shrub land through improvement of biodiversity; 33  12.1: Creating or expanding urban parks and gardens within the cities of all the States and FCT to increase green spaces;  12.2: Creating man-made lakes, ponds, pools in urban centres/Rehabilitating natural surface water or rivers or streams, waterfalls in urban centres to ensure they can be used for recreation and relaxation;  12.8: Planting fruit-trees in homes;  12.9: Planting flowers in front of business premises and at the doors; and  12.11: Developing tree-lined streets, green bicycle paths, and pedestrian walkways Measures to protect habitats are also integrated in the revised NBSAP. Examples are:  1.11: Designating and Upgrading the status of thirty (30) forest reserves/game reserves, sacred groves and sanctuaries to National Park status, including marine protected areas  1.12: Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites;  1.13: Documenting and mapping the local communities’ conservation areas and strengthening their management plans;  1.17: Strengthening the paramilitary status of the Nigerian National Parks to enhance the level of biodiversity protection in protected areas;  1.18: Safeguarding of wildlife corridors in terms of spatial development/habitat connectivity axes/Green Infrastructure;  3.8: Identifying priority sites requiring management actions for Nigeria’s endemic and threatened species; and  3.9: Identifying important sites for migratory species and their conservation needs.

4.1.2 Overexploitation Farming, fishing and logging activities can be done in a sustainable manner, but they are often done in manners that exploit a resource. When too many species or even just a few important species, are taken out of the ecosystem, the whole network of life in that ecosystem can collapse. People have been taking far more from nature than it can afford. Berrisford (2021) reported that 70% of fish stocks in the ocean were currently being overfished; and that a 2016 study suggested that the oceans could be empty by 2050. Overexploitation can be addressed by setting up cattle ranching, enforcing laws governing wild species utilization and providing adequate and reliable database to facilitate forestry and wildlife planning and development. It can also be addressed by training wood users on more efficient and sustainable ways of utilizing wood. These measures for addressing overexploitation of species in farming, fishing and logging activities have been integrated into the revised NBSAP. For example:  2.7: Developing pilot community-based sustainable energy-efficient production facilities e.g. bio-gas, solar energy etc. around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas; 34  3.10: Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites;  5.10: Resuscitating the Forest Utilization Centres;  5.12: Strengthening the CITES implementation by building the individual capacity in the Wildlife and CITES Management division of FDF.  5.11: Supporting Ranches with appropriate seeds/seedlings;  9.1: Identifying wild species collectors;  9.2: Identifying wild species currently being sustainably managed and utilized; and  9.3: Implementing fishing quotas that limit the total catch of a specific fish species.

4.1.3 Invasive Species Invasive Species are either alien or exotic species, which are introduced accidentally or intentionally by human. International trade brings species from their home ecosystems to other parts of the world, where there are often no predators to eat them and keep their numbers in check. Once introduced, invasive species become established in their new environment and spread unchecked, threatening the local species and biodiversity. They often throw their new habitats severely out of balance. Effective prevention and management of invasive species are necessary to preserving the integrity of ecosystems and protecting native species. Some of the common invasive species in Nigeria are Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans), Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Typha grass (Typha latifolia). They can be controlled or managed by chemical means or biological means or mechanical means. Some can be utilized as craft. Relevant international collaborations can help. The entire Target 6 of the revised NBSAP is specifically devoted to mitigate the challenges of the invasive species.

4.1.4 Pollution Pollution is a major threat to biodiversity, and one of the most difficult problems to overcome. Pollution of air, soil, and water poses a serious problem to many ecosystems. Pollutants do not recognize international boundaries. For example, agricultural run-off, which contains a variety of fertilizers and pesticides, may seep into ground water and rivers before ending up in the ocean. Atmospheric pollutants drift with prevailing air currents and are deposited far from their original source. They make their way into soil, leaves, and water. Small pieces of plastic suspended in ocean water build up inside fish, birds, and other marine species. Industrial toxins have been known to have killed many species in rivers and lakes. According to a UNEP report from 2006-2011 on shell petroleum development company (SPDC) and Ogoni land released in August 2011, the occurrence of oil spill on land brings about fire outbreaks that leads to the killing of vegetation and creation of crust over the land, making remediation and re- vegetation very difficult (UNEP, 2011). The report also shows that pollution of soil by petroleum hydrocarbons in Ogoni land in Nigeria is extensive in land areas, sediments and swamp land; that most of the contamination is from crude oil although contamination by refined product is also found at three locations; and that oil pollution in many intertidal creeks has therefore left mangroves denuded of leaves and stems, leaving roots coated in a bitumen-like substance sometimes 1 cm or more thick. The entire Target 7 of the revised NBSAP is for addressing the challenges of pollution. 35

4.1.5 Climate Change Climate Change is characterized by hotter temperatures, warmer oceans, and more severe weather. The alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns, disrupt ecological processes, and aggravate extreme weather events. These changes can force species to adapt or migrate, leading to shifts in species distribution, altered interactions between species, and potential extinction for those unable to adjust. Climate change can worsen other threats to biodiversity such as habitat loss and invasive species: making the impacts of each threat more severe. As climate change continues, there is a need for implementing effective conservation measures that are adaptive and responsive to new challenges. These can be in the form of decreasing deforestation, decreasing the burning of fossil fuel, using renewable energy, conserving energy, conserving and restoring forests, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, maintaining and restoring wetlands, and maintaining water quality and availability. Measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change are integrated in Target 8 of the revised NBSAP.

4.1.6 Population Growth and Over-consumption Increasing population is a challenge in achieving sustainable development and the consumption of biodiversity resources. As the population continues to increase more pressure will be exerted on forest resources. There will be a growing demand for forest products, services, and land for alternative uses. It is clear that exploitation of natural resources is currently not sustainable due to the population growth rate. Nigeria’s large population is characterized by high percentages of illiteracy, unemployment and poverty, which act as powerful drivers of increasingly severe demands on the remaining biodiversity in Nigeria. Towns are expanding and new ones are being established; farms and wood cutting activities are extending further and further from each settlement. New roads and tracks enable farming, hunting and wood cutting to occur in previously undisturbed habitats. Perhaps, one good measure to cope with the population growth rate may be to aim at reducing poverty by expanding the various targeted alternative livelihoods supports integrated into the revised NBSAP and also to ensure that people benefit from their biodiversity resources at all times. This will help in reducing pressure on wild species and achieving sustainable use. The following actions in the revised NBSAP can serve the purpose:  9.5: Promoting alternative livelihoods for communities around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas;  9.4: Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites;  17.7: Putting measures in place for the equitable access to results and benefits arising from safe biotechnology based on genetic resources from Nigeria.  13.2: Developing and implementing policy guidelines for bio-prospecting, access and benefit sharing, and associated traditional knowledge (intellectual property rights);  10.14: Strengthening the implementation of guidelines for Community-based sustainable forest management, including conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; 36  10.15: Engaging local artisans and practitioners such as fishermen and delivering specific, key conservation messages; and  5.1: Promoting and supporting sustainable fishing practices like hook and line fishing, responsible gear use, and gear marking.

4.1.7 Illegal Wildlife Trade The international trade in wild animals and plants is enormous and has degenerated into organised crime. Live animals are taken for the pet trade, or their parts exported for medicines or food. Plants are also taken from the wild for their horticultural or medicinal value. Illegal wildlife trade can be addressed through in-situ protection, trade regulation and laws, diversifying harvester livelihoods and increasing their income, carrying out consumer awareness campaigns and harvester awareness campaigns. These remedies have been integrated into the revised NBSAP in the various actions in Target 5.

4.1.8 Species Extinction According to BYJU’S (2024) definition and explanations “extinction is the process of evolution that leads to the disappearance of a population or species. When a species becomes extinct, its entire genetic heritage is lost. The species evolve into new species in order to adapt to the environmental changes or changes in the genetic heritage”. “Over 99% of all the species that once lived on the Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to be extinct. This could happen naturally due to a change in the climate or because of human activities like overhunting or habitat loss”. The report further stated that other important causes of extinction included: Asteroid strikes, disease, lack of genetic diversity, better adapted competition, and pollution. The challenges of species extinction have been integrated into the actions under Target 5 of the revised NBSAP.

4.2 Opportunities related to Biodiversity Conservation One of the opportunities available for addressing these threats is the development and effective implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). The NBSAP makes biodiversity concerns a national priority and uses the existing laws and policies to protect the nation’s biodiversity and reverse its decline. Opportunities also exist in oil and gas rich Nigeria for companies operating in this sector to improve their image and add value to their reputation by contributing to sound biodiversity conservation actions. The Energy & Biodiversity Initiative in a summary of its paper titled: “Opportunities for benefiting biodiversity conservation”, concluded that companies operating in areas of high biodiversity value were increasingly expected to go beyond simply mitigating the potential adverse effects of their operations and make some sort of positive contribution to biodiversity conservation; and that by working closely with government officials and other local stakeholders and carefully evaluating the local economic, environmental and social situation in a project area, companies could develop effective programs and strategies for benefiting biodiversity conservation in the areas and countries in which they work. The paper, in a Table, suggested some examples of such opportunities that a company could take action to benefit biodiversity near a project or at the regional or national 37 level, based on the most outstanding needs and problems related to biodiversity conservation in the area. Table 9: Options for Benefiting Biodiversity Conservation Most Outstanding Biodiversity Possible Opportunities For Benefiting Needs/Challenges Biodiversity Conservation Inadequate resources/structure to manage • Trust fund, financial contribution, in-kind protected areas support to protected areas management • Support for creation of a new protected area Important, threatened and unprotected • Manage concession as protected area ecosystems or species • Sponsor campaign to protect ecosystem by using charismatic, endangered flagship species • Support conservation easements Inadequate government/scientific capacity to • Support for scientific research and analysis study and manage biodiversity • Support for technical capacity-building and training • Support for managerial capacity-building in government agencies Inadequate of public awareness of or • Support for environmental education and involvement in conservation awareness building • Support for integrated conservation and development Source: The Energy & Biodiversity Initiative (2004) Based on the suggestions above, there will be need to: Prioritize some NBSAP projects for presentation to oil and gas companies operating in the country; Identify the responsible stakeholders for the projects whom the companies could work with in evaluating, designing and implementing the biodiversity conservation project (including the IPLC, a Conservation NGO and UNEP who should serve as partner in bringing various stakeholders together in a consultative process). It is suggested that the following two projects in the revised NBSAP be presented to the oil and gas companies for consideration: 38  4.4: Establishing a national centre / institute for knowledge and sustainable Use of Biodiversity; and  21.1: Conducting a National Biodiversity Resources Assessment to increase the level of standardization and interoperability among existing data, tools and platforms.

4.3 Global Commitments related to biodiversity conservation, management Global biodiversity-relevant conventions include the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

4.3.1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity is a multilateral legally-binding treaty that has three main objectives: the conservation of biological diversity; the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Its objective is to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and it is often seen as the key document regarding sustainable development. The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. It has been ratified by 196 nations. However, Benji (2021) reported that the United States was the only UN member state, which had not ratified the Convention. Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and COP Decision X/2 requires the Parties to prepare NBSAPs and to regularly update/revise them. The current NBSAP is revised to align with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its goals. The Convention has two protocols: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Generic Resources and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on Biological Diversity The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology from one country to another. It was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the CBD and entered into force on 11 September 2003. The entire Target 17 of the revised NBSAP is dedicated to Biosafety. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on Biological Diversity is another supplementary agreement to the CBD. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The Nagoya Protocol was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan, and entered into force on 12 October 2014. The entire Target 13 of the revised NBSAP is dedicated to ABS. 39

4.3.2 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species. The trade is diverse, ranging from live animals and plants to a vast array of wildlife products derived from them, including food products, exotic leather goods, wooden musical instruments, timber, tourist curios and medicines. Levels of exploitation of some animal and plant species are high and the trade in them, together with other factors, such as habitat loss, is capable of heavily depleting their populations and even bringing some species close to extinction. Concerned about the overexploitation of many vulnerable species as a result of unregulated international trade, governments adopted the CITES in 1973. The treaty entered into force in 1975 and now has 184 Parties. The Convention places a joint responsibility on producer and consumer Parties for managing wildlife trade sustainably and preventing illegal trade. CITES regulates international trade in over 36,000 species of plants and animals, including their products and derivatives, ensuring their survival in the wild with benefits for the livelihoods of local people and the global environment. The animals and plants protected by CITES are known as CITES-listed species because they are included on three lists approved by the Parties called CITES Appendices. CITES protects these species from being excessively traded and exploited illegally and unsustainably in the wild as their extinction would have irreversible ecological consequences and negative economic and social effects. The CITES permit system seeks to ensure that international trade in listed species is sustainable, legal and traceable. CITES has been integrated into the revised NBSAP in 5.12: Strengthening the CITES implementation by building the individual capacity in the Wildlife and CITES Management division of FDF.

4.3.3 The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, is an environmental treaty of the United Nations that provides a global platform for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their range or habitat. Signed in 1979 in Bonn, West Germany, the Convention entered into force in 1983. As of 1 March 2022, there are 133 Parties to the Convention-132 countries plus the European Union. Inger Andersen, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, noted that billions of animals make migratory journeys each year on land, in the oceans and in the skies, crossing national boundaries and continents, with some travelling thousands of miles across the globe to feed and breed; and that migratory species play an essential role in maintaining the world’s ecosystems, and provide vital benefits, by pollinating plants, transporting key nutrients, preying on pests, and helping to store carbon. The CMS in Samarkand, 12 February 2024, launched the first-ever State of the World’s Migratory Species report. The landmark report reveals as follows: 40  “While some migratory species listed under CMS are improving, nearly half (44 per cent) are showing population declines.  More than one-in-five (22 per cent) of CMS-listed species are threatened with extinction.  Nearly all (97 per cent) of CMS-listed fish are threatened with extinction.  The extinction risk is growing for migratory species globally, including those not listed under CMS.  Half (51 per cent) of Key Biodiversity Areas identified as important for CMS-listed migratory animals do not have protected status, and 58 per cent of the monitored sites recognized as being important for CMS-listed species are experiencing unsustainable levels of human-caused pressure.  The two greatest threats to both CMS-listed and all migratory species are overexploitation and habitat loss due to human activity. Three out of four CMS-listed species are impacted by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and seven out of ten CMS-listed species are impacted by overexploitation (including intentional taking as well as incidental capture).  Climate change, pollution and invasive species are also having profound impacts on migratory species.  Globally, 399 migratory species that are threatened or near threatened with extinction are not currently listed under CMS.” In response to this disturbing situation, The State of the World’s Migratory Species report further issued a clear wake-up call, and provided a set of priority recommendations for action, which included: i. “Strengthen and expand efforts to tackle illegal and unsustainable taking of migratory species, as well as incidental capture of non-target species; ii. Increase actions to identify, protect, connect and effectively manage important sites for migratory species; iii. Urgently address those species in most danger of extinction, including nearly all CMS-listed fish species; iv. Scale up efforts to tackle climate change, as well as light, noise, chemical and plastic pollution; and v. Consider expanding CMS listings to include more at-risk migratory species in need of national and international attention”. The Nigerian NBSAP that is aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework has also prioritized actions to address some these recommendations. The National Target 3 No. 9 (3.9): ‘Identifying important sites for migratory species and their conservation needs’, addresses number (ii) above. Progress on this will be indicated by “Number of important sites for migratory species and their conservation needs for management action identified and published”. Also the recommendation on number (iv) has been integrated in the actions under national target 7. Examples are: 41  7.1: “Reducing agricultural wastes, fertilisers and agro-chemicals entering rivers and wetlands”;  7.5: “Promoting businesses that are reducing plastic waste and re-using existing plastic”; and  7.6: “Educating and creating Awareness on the effects of plastic use on the environment and ways of reducing plastic waste”. Climate Change concerns have also been integrated into the revised NBSAP target 8 “By 2030, impacts of Climate Change in Nigeria, and Ocean Acidification in the Coastal Zones, are minimized through nature-based solutions”.

4.3.4 The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture FAO (2009) explained “The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)”, as a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, which aims at guaranteeing food security through the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA), the fair and equitable benefit sharing arising from its use, as well as the recognition of farmers' rights; that it was signed in 2001 in Madrid, and entered into force on 29 June 2004; and that there were 150 contracting parties to the Treaty (149 Member States and 1 intergovernmental organization, the European Union) as of February 2024. Article 5 of the treaty is as follows: “Article 5 - Conservation, Exploration, Collection, Characterization, Evaluation and Documentation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 5.1 states that: “Each Contracting Party shall, subject to national legislation, and in cooperation with other Contracting Parties where appropriate, promote an integrated approach to the exploration, conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and shall in particular, as appropriate: a) Survey and inventory plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, taking into account the status and degree of variation in existing populations, including those that are of potential use and, as feasible, assess any threats to them; b) Promote the collection of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and relevant associated information on those plant genetic resources that are under threat or are of potential use; c) Promote or support, as appropriate, farmers and local communities’ efforts to manage and conserve on-farm their plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; d) Promote in situ conservation of wild crop relatives and wild plants for food production, including in protected areas, by supporting, inter alia, the efforts of indigenous and local communities; e) Cooperate to promote the development of an efficient and sustainable system of ex situ conservation, giving due attention to the need for adequate documentation, characterization, regeneration and evaluation, and promote the development and transfer of appropriate technologies for this purpose with a view to improving the sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; 42 f) Monitor the maintenance of the viability, degree of variation, and the genetic integrity of collections of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture”. Some elements of this article 5 of the treaty have been integrated into the revised NBSAP and are as follows:  4.5: In-situ conservation of Wild relatives of cultivated plants, domesticated animals; and  4.6: Establishing Nigerian National gene bank for cultivated plants and domesticated animals 43 CHAPTER FIVE POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN NIGERIA: REVIEW FOR ACHIEVING COHERENCE WITH THE KUNMING-MONTREAL GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FRAMEWORK

5.0 Summary: This review demonstrates alignment between the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) targets and the relevant policies and statutes that govern biodiversity conservation in Nigeria. These policies range from national legislation such as the Endangered Species Act and National Park Service Act, to regional policies such as the West Africa Strategy on Combating Wildlife Crime. While all 23 targets of the KMGBF contribute to the overall aim of preserving biodiversity, some are more directly focused on biodiversity and ecosystems than others. KMGBF targets 1 - 10 illustrate a direct approach to preserving and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystems through specific, actionable measures. The remaining targets indirectly focus on sustainable practices, ensuring equitable resource use, and integrating biodiversity into business and financial practices, which collectively support the broader biodiversity goals. This review provides a broad overview of policy alignment, as well as some detailed policy analysis. The review also demonstrates alignment and institutional arrangements of the policies/statutes that govern biodiversity conservation in Nigeria with the KMGBF’s targets and goals.

5.1. National Policy alignment with the KMGBF targets and Nigeria National Targets A comprehensive analysis of alignment between the KM-GBF targets, Nigeria National Targets and relevant policies and statutes in Nigeria and their institutional arrangements can be found in Table 10. Table 10: National policy alignment with KMGBF targets and their institutional arrangements in Nigeria 44 45 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes 1. All areas are Target 1. By Land Use Act of 2004 Federal Ministry of planned or managed to 2030, all areas Housing and Urban bring loss of areas of are effectively Development, States high biodiversity managed to bring FCT, and NPS importance close to loss of areas of zero. high biodiversity The Nigerian Urban Federal Ministry of importance close and Regional Planning Housing and Urban to zero. Act of 1992, 2024 Development NIMASA Act 2007 Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Integrated Coastal Federal Ministry of Zone Management Environment Framework (ICZMF) for Nigeria National Policy on the Federal Ministry of Environment (2016) Environment National Biodiversity Federal Ministry of Strategy and Action Environment Plan (NBSAP) 2016- 2020 Environmental Impact Federal Ministry of Assessment (EIA) Act Environment 1992, 2024 National Parks Service Federal Ministry of Act 2010; Environment National Strategy to Federal Ministry of Combat Wildlife and Environment Forest Crime 2022- 2026 National Policy on Federal Ministry of Science and Innovation Science 45 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes Technology and Technology 2. 30% of degraded Target 2. By National Policy on the Federal Ministry of areas are under 2030, 30% of Environment (2016) Environment effective restoration identified and prioritized National Biodiversity Federal Ministry of degraded areas Strategy and Action Environment are under Plan (NBSAP) 2025- effective 2030 restoration Inland Fisheries Act Federal Ministry of programs 1992, 2013 Marine and Blue Economy National Water Federal Ministry of Resources Policy, Water Resources Water resources Act 1993 The National Parks Federal Ministry of Service Act 2010 Environment 3. 30% of areas are Target 3. By National Policy on Federal Ministry of effectively protected 2030, 30% of Environment 2016 Environment and conserved land, seas and oceans are The Endangered Federal Ministry of effectively Species (Control of Environment protected and International Trade and conserved Traffic) Act 1985, including key 2016 biodiversity areas The National Park Federal Ministry of and Other Service Act 2010 Environment Effective Area- Based National Forestry Federal Ministry of Conservation Policy 2020 Environment Measures (OECMs). Environmental Impact Federal Ministry of Assessment (EIA) Act Environment 1992, 2024 4. Threatened species Target 4. By The Endangered Federal Ministry of are recovering, genetic 2030, threatened Species (Control of Environment diversity is being species are International Trade and 46 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes maintained and recovering, Traffic) Act 1985, human-wildlife genetic diversity 2016 conflict is being is being managed maintained and National Parks Service Federal Ministry of human-wildlife Act 2010 Environment conflict is being The National Strategy Federal Ministry of managed in to Combat Wildlife and Environment conservation Forest Crime in areas Nigeria 5. Use, harvesting and Target 5. By Sea Fisheries Act 1992 Federal Ministry of trade of wild species is 2030, use, Marine and Blue sustainable, safe and harvest, and trade Economy legal of wild species are sustainable, Inland Fisheries Act Federal Ministry of safe and legal 1992, 2013 Marine and Blue while Economy mainstreaming The Endangered Federal Ministry of customary Species Act Environment sustainable use by local National Timber Federal Ministry of communities Legality Standard Environment Policy 6. Reduce rates of Target 6: National Forestry Federal Ministry of introduction and By2030, invasive Policy 2020 Environment establishment of alien species and invasive alien species their pathways by 50 per cent are identified and The National Park Federal Ministry of prioritized and Service Act 2010 Environment priority species National NESREA controlled, and Environmental measures are put Healthcare Waste in place to Control) Regulations manage pathways 2021 across the ecological zones National Biodiversity NESREA Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 47 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes 7. Pollution reduced, Target 7: By Nigeria Maritime Federal Ministry of halving nutrient loss 2030, pollution is Administration and Marine and Blue and pesticide risk reduced, halving Safety Agency Economy (NIMASA) nutrient loss and (NIMASA) Act 2007 pesticide risk in final deposition Agricultural Policy for Federal Ministry of Nigeria Agriculture and Food Security Petroleum Industry Act Ministry of Petroleum 2021 Resources Petroleum Refining Federal Ministry of Regulation to be Petroleum Resources removed because is under Petroleum Act 2021 National Water Federal Ministry of Resources Policy, Water Resources Water resources Act 1993 National Federal Ministry of Environmental Environment Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act 2007 Harmful waste (Special Federal Ministry of Criminal Provisions) Environment Act 2004 to be removed because is under Petroleum Act 2021 NOSDRA National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) Act 2006 48 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes National Oil spill contingency plan for Nigeria (revised 2020, NOSDRA) National Federal Ministry of Environmental Environment Sanitation Policy 2005, 8. Minimize impacts Target 8: By National Climate Federal Ministry of of climate change and 2030, impacts of Change Policy 2021 Environment ocean acidification Climate Change including through in Nigeria, and The National Federal Ministry of nature-based solutions Ocean Adaptation Plan (NAP) Environment and/or ecosystem- Acidification in Framework 2020 based approaches the Coastal Zones, are National Parks Service Federal Ministry of minimized Act 2010 Environment through nature- National Water Federal Ministry of based solutions. Resources Policy 2021, Water Resources Water resources Act 1993 9. Management of Target 9: By The Endangered Federal Ministry of wild species is 2030, wild Species (Control of Environment sustainable and species are International Trade and benefits people sustainably Traffic) Act 1985, managed and 2016 utilized for the benefits of the Inland and Sea Federal Ministry of people. Fisheries Act 1992, Marine and Blue 2013 Economy National Biodiversity Federal Ministry of Strategy and Action Environment Plan (NBSAP) 2025- 2030 National Action Plan Federal Ministry of on Gender and Climate Environment Change 2020 49 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes 10. Areas under Target 10: By The Endangered Federal Ministry of agriculture, 2030, 50% of Species (Control of Environment aquaculture, fisheries prioritized areas International Trade and and forestry are each under Traffic) Act 1985, managed sustainably agriculture, 2016 aquaculture, fisheries and Sea Fisheries Act 1992 Federal Ministry of forestry are Marine and Blue managed Economy sustainably, in Inland Fisheries Act Federal Ministry of particular through 1992, 2013 Marine and Blue the sustainable Economy use of biodiversity, and Pest Control Federal Ministry of bio-friendly Production (Special Agriculture and Food practices. Powers) Act 2013 Security Agriculture (Control of Federal Ministry of Importation) Act 1964 Agriculture and Food Security National National Biotechnology Biotechnology Research and Research and Development Agency Development Agency Act 2022 (NAGRAB) Animal Diseases Federal Ministry of (Control) Act 2022 Agriculture and Food Security National Parks Service Federal Ministry of Act 2010 Environment Traditional Medicine Federal Ministry of Act 2019 Innovation Science and Technology National Forestry Federal Ministry of Policy 2020 Environment 50 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes 11. Nature’s Target 11: By National Policy on Federal Ministry of contributions to people 2030, nature’s Environment 2016 Environment are restored, contributions to maintained and people are National Climate Federal Ministry of enhanced restored, Change Policy 2021 Environment maintained and enhanced through The National Federal Ministry of Nature-based Adaptation Plan (NAP) Environment solutions in Framework 2020 Nigeria 12. Urban green and Target 12: By Nigerian Urban and Federal Ministry of blue spaces enhanced 2030, creation of Regional Planning Act Housing and Uban for human well-being urban green and (1992 No. 88) Development blue spaces is enhanced for Nigerian National Federal Ministry of human well- Urban Development Housing and Urban being in all the Policy 2012 Development States and the State Policies on Urban State Ministries of FCT and Regional Planning Environment and related Agencies 13. Fair and equitable Target 13: By National ABS Policy Federal Ministry of sharing of benefits 2030, effective 2013 Environment from genetic legal, policy, 51 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes resources, digital administrative, National Center for National Center for sequence information and capacity Genetic Resources and Genetic Resources and associated building Biotechnology Act and Biotechnology traditional knowledge measures are put 1987 in place to enhance the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from: the utilization of genetic resources; sequence information on genetic resources; and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources at all levels. 14 The multiple Target 14: By National Policy on Federal Ministry of values of biodiversity 2030, national Environment 2016 Environment are integrated into accounting to decision-making at all fully integrate levels multiple values of biodiversity into decision making frameworks within and across all levels of government and across all sectors is developed. 15. Businesses assess Target 15: By National Federal Ministry of and disclose 2030, legal and Environmental Environment 52 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes biodiversity administrative Standards Regulation dependencies, impacts measures are put and Enforcement and risks and reduce in place to ensure Agency (NESREA) negative impacts that large and Act 2007 transnational companies, The Endangered Federal Ministry of financial Species (Control of Environment institutions and International Trade and other businesses Traffic) Act 1985, assess and 2016 publicly disclose National Parks Service Federal Ministry of biodiversity Act 1999, 2006 Environment dependencies, impacts and risks; National Forestry Federal Ministry of and reduce Policy 2020 Environment negative impacts 16. Sustainable 16. By 2030, National Federal Ministry of consumption choices Sustainable Environmental Environment are enabled, and food consumption Standards Regulation (NESREA) waste reduced by half choices are and Enforcement enabled, and food Agency (NESREA) waste across the Establishment Act agricultural value 2007 chain are reduced. National Agency for Federal Ministry of Food and Drug Agric. and Food Administration and Security (NAFDAC) Control, (NAFDAC) Act 2021 National Agriculture Federal Ministry of Technology and Agriculture and Food Innovation Policy Security (NATIP) 2022-2027 17. Strengthen Target 17: By National Biosafety NBMA biosafety and 2030, biosafety Management Agency 53 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes distribute benefits of measures are Act 2015 as amended. biotechnology strengthened in Nigeria and National ABS Policy Federal Ministry of benefits arising 2013 Environment from safe biotechnology using Nigeria’s genetic resources are equitably, accessible and distributed. 18. Reduce harmful Target 18: By National Policy on Federal Ministry of incentives by at least 2026, 50% of Environment 2016 Environment $500 billion per year agricultural subsidies and incentives that are harmful to biodiversity are identified and progressively reformed, redirected or repurposed; and 100% reformed, redirected or repurposed by 2030 19. Financial resources Target 19: By National Policy on Federal Ministry of increased to $200 2030, a national Environment 2016 Environment billion per year, biodiversity including $30 billion finance plan to through international mobilize finance financial resources from all sources is 54 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes developed. 20. Capacity Target 20: By National Policy on Federal Ministry of development and 2030, capacity Science and Innovation, Science technical and scientific development, Technology 2022 and Technology cooperation technical and scientific National Policy on Federal Ministry of cooperation are Environment 2016 Environment increased for biodiversity National Science, Federal Ministry of promotion, and Technology and Innovation, Science for implementing Innovation Roadmap and Technology NBSAP. 2017-2030 21. Data, information Target 21: By The Endangered Federal Ministry of and knowledge for 2030, actions are Species (Control of Environment decision-making is taken to ensure International Trade and available biodiversity data, Traffic) Act 1985, information, and 2016 knowledge are revised and Environmental Impact Federal Ministry of available for Assessment (EIA) Act Environment decision-making National Forestry Federal Ministry of Policy 2020 Environment 22. Ensure Target 22: By Freedom of Federal Ministry of participation, justice, 2030, actions are Information Act 2011 Information and and rights for taken to ensure Culture indigenous peoples active and local participation, National Federal Ministry of communities, women, justice, and rights Environmental Environment youth, persons with of local Standards Regulation disabilities and communities, and Enforcement environmental women, youth, Agency (NESREA) defenders persons with Act 2007 disabilities and National Parks Service Federal Ministry of environmental Act 1999, 2006 Environment 55 KMGBF Targets NATIONAL Existing relevant Institutional TARGETS National Arrangement Policies/Statutes defenders in the Environmental Impact Federal Ministry of decision-making Assessment (EIA) Act Environment process, and in 1992, 2024 the implementation Discrimination Against National Commission of the NBSAP Persons with for Persons with Disabilities Disabilities (Prohibition Act 2018) 23. Implementation By 2030, actions National Gender Policy Federal Ministry of follows a gender- are taken to revised 2021-2026 Women Affairs responsive approach ensure women and girls are Violence Against NAPTIP given priority in Persons (Prohibition ) the decision Act 2015 making process at all levels in the implementation of the NBSAP and other biodiversity actions

5.2. Regional Policy Alignment As a member State of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Nigeria is obligated to implement a number of regional policies which are relevant to KMGBF implementation, such as the West Africa Strategy on Combating Wildlife Crime and the Convergence Plan for the Sustainable Management and Utilization of the Forest Ecosystems in West Africa. Table 11: Regional Policies Relevant to KMGBF Implementation Relevant Regional Policies Nigeria is obligated to Implement Alignment with KMGBF Implementation The West Africa Strategy on Combating This strategy was adopted by ECOWAS Heads of State in December 2023. Its 56 Relevant Regional Policies Nigeria is obligated to Implement Alignment with KMGBF Implementation Wildlife Crime objective is to ensure that all West African countries are equipped to address the illegal trade in wildlife that is threatening many species including elephants, leopards, lions, and sharks. It is aligned with the KMGBF in their shared goals of enhancing biodiversity conservation and combating illegal wildlife trade. It focuses on regional efforts to address wildlife crime through law enforcement, capacity building, and regional cooperation. Similarly, the KMGBF emphasizes the need for effective measures to halt biodiversity loss, which includes combating illegal wildlife trade and other threats to biodiversity. Both frameworks aim to strengthen governance, promote sustainable practices, and ensure effective protection of biodiversity. The West Africa Strategy contributes to KMGBF’s targets by addressing specific regional challenges and implementing actions that align with broader global objectives of the framework, thereby supporting its overall goals of conserving biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem resilience. The Convergence Plan for the Sustainable The Convergence Plan complements the Management and Utilization of the Forest KMGBF by providing a region-specific Ecosystems in West Africa approach to sustainable forest management that aligns with global biodiversity goals and targets. It aligns with the KMGBF in many ways such as: sustainable management; Conservation goals; Regional Cooperation; Capacity building and policy frameworks; and Monitoring and Reporting. Both the Convergence Plan and the KMGBF 57 Relevant Regional Policies Nigeria is obligated to Implement Alignment with KMGBF Implementation emphasize the importance of sustainable management of forest ecosystems. The Convergence Plan focuses on improving forest management practices to enhance ecosystem health and productivity, which aligns with the KMGBF’s targets for sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems. The KMGBF includes targets for conserving and restoring ecosystems. The Convergence Plan supports these targets by promoting practices that protect and restore forest ecosystems, thereby contributing to the broader goals of halting biodiversity loss and enhancing ecosystem resilience. The Convergence Plan fosters regional cooperation among West African countries to address transboundary forest management issues. This cooperative approach supports the KMGBF’s emphasis on international collaboration and shared efforts to achieve global biodiversity targets. Both frameworks highlight the need for strengthening capacities and developing effective policy frameworks. The Convergence Plan includes strategies for capacity building and policy development, which align with the KMGBF’s focus on improving governance and enabling conditions for effective biodiversity conservation. Effective monitoring and reporting are critical components of the KMGBF. The Convergence Plan incorporates mechanisms for monitoring forest conditions and impacts, which supports the KMGBF’s objectives for tracking progress and ensuring accountability 58 Relevant Regional Policies Nigeria is obligated to Implement Alignment with KMGBF Implementation in biodiversity management. African Union Biodiversity Strategy and The ABSAP is intended to guide AU member Action Plan (ABSAP) 2023-2030 states in the implementation of the post 2020 GBF and in the revision and Revising of National Biodiversity and Strategy and Action Plans that incorporate the priority targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The strategy seeks to provide the strategic orientation for a coordinated and aligned approach to ensure that AU Member States comply with their commitments to global biodiversity and climate agreements. West African Regional Action Plan for This plan aims to improve biodiversity Biodiversity conservation across member States. It aligns with KMGBF goals by promoting sustainable management and protection of biodiversity. ECOWAS Policy for Disaster Risk This policy incorporates elements of Reduction (DRR) environmental protection and climate resilience, which indirectly support biodiversity goals by aiming to reduce the impacts of environmental hazards on ecosystems. Regional Strategies for the Conservation of These regional agreements on marine Marine Biodiversity biodiversity are coordinated by the Abidjan Convention for coastal zones such as Nigeria’s. They support conservation efforts in marine and coastal ecosystems, aligning with the KMGBF targets. West African Regional Strategy for This strategy addresses land degradation and Combating Desertification desertification, which are critical for maintaining biodiversity in affected regions. Implementing this strategy supports KMGBF objectives related to ecosystem restoration 59 Relevant Regional Policies Nigeria is obligated to Implement Alignment with KMGBF Implementation and sustainable land use. Regional Policy on Forest and Wildlife This policy framework, aims to manage and Management protect forest and wildlife resources. It supports KMGBF targets related to forest conservation and species protection. ECOWAS Science Technology and Policy aims at promoting training on local Innovation Policy (ECOPOSE) knowledge establishment of incentives to production and use of local knowledge for the protection of the environment, climate change and the biodiversity. It aligns with KMGBF targets on forest conservation and species conservation

5.3. Policy Analysis Below is a detailed analysis of selected Nigerian policies and specifically those that are aligned with the KMGBF Targets 1 – 10.

5.3.1 Species Conservation The Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act 1985, 2016 Decree No. 11 of 1985 of Nigeria is “an Act to provide for the conservation and management of Nigeria's wildlife and the protection of some of her endangered species in danger of extinction as a result of over‐exploitation, as required under certain international treaties to which Nigeria is a signatory”. The First Schedule captioned: “Prohibition of hunting of or trading in wild animals”, stipulates that “as from the commencement of this Act, the hunting or capture of or trade in, the animal species specified in the First Schedule to this Act (being animal species threatened with extinction) is absolutely prohibited”. The Second Schedule stipulates that “no person shall hunt, capture, trade in or otherwise deal with an animal species specified in the Second Schedule to this Act (being animals which, though not necessarily now threatened with extinction, may become so threatened unless trade in respect of such species is controlled) except where he is in possession of a licence issued under this Act”. This statute is, at present, under the Federal Ministry of Environment, which is the Ministry of the Government of the Federation charged with the responsibility of matters relating to wild life. The Minister is the one empowered to issue such licences, permits and certificates to qualified persons and the alteration of the Schedules and exemptions. 60 Primates are an example of species protected under the Act; the Primates listed under the First Schedule include those listed in Table 12. This means that the hunting or capture of or trade in these primates is absolutely prohibited. Table 12: List of Primates under the First Schedule of Endangered Species Act of Nigeria Name of Animal Scientific Name Angwantibo or golden potto Arctocebus calabarensis All colobus monkeys Colobus spp. Procolobus All mangabeys Cercocebus spp Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes Drill and mandrill Mandrillus spp Gorilla Gorilla gorilla Pigmy chimpanzee Pan paniscus Source: Endangered Species Act of Nigeria Furthermore, in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, as at July 31, 2023, Nigeria had a total of 23 critically endangered, 42 endangered, and 104 vulnerable animal species. Some of the critically endangered species, including the primates are: the Niger Delta red colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli), Gambles’s relic (Pentaphlebia gamblesi), Gambles’s flatwing (Neurolestes nigeriensis) and Perret’s toad (Sclerophrys perreti). The statute has guided specific conservation initiatives in Nigeria. For example, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) expert, Dunn (2023) has worked to bring Cross River gorillas from the edge of extinction to a population then estimated at 100 in Nigeria and 200 in Cameroon. Initiatives for this species have included increasing its population and distribution in line with the GBF’s goal to maintain and enhance species’ abundance and distribution. The reported increases of the gorillas in Nigeria and in Cameroon are also consistent with the GBF’s goal to reduce the proportion of species considered threatened (i.e., extinction risk). In addition, the NBSAP, the National Environmental (Protection) Regulation 2021, the National Parks Service Act 1999, 2006, and the National Park Service Act, include measures to control invasive species in line with GBF’s target 6: to reduce rates of introduction and establishment of invasive alien species by 50 per cent. The Sea Fisheries Act 1992 and the Inland Fisheries Act 1992, 2013 in Nigeria are pertinent to the implementation of the KMGBF targets, particularly targets: 1, 5, 9, and 10. The Sea 61 Fisheries Act 1992 is instrumental in establishing regulations that promote sustainable fishing practices. This aligns with the KMGBF targets to prevent overfishing, restore fish populations, and ensure sustainability of marine ecosystems. The Act allows for the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and effective management of these areas, helping to safeguard marine biodiversity and contribute to the global target of increasing protected marine areas. The Inland Fisheries Act 1992, 2013 serves as a framework for the management and sustainability of inland fisheries resources or freshwater ecosystems, which is critical for achieving the broader goals outlined in the KMGBF. By promoting sustainable fishing practices, the Inland Fisheries Act 1992, 2013 supports targets aimed at ensuring the sustainable use of biodiversity and natural resources. The West Africa Strategy on Combating Wildlife Crime (WASCWC) was adopted by ECOWAS Heads of State in December 2023. The WASCWC aims at ‘providing an agreed ECOWAS-wide framework for strengthening and operationalizing national and regional policies, at mobilizing resources and at using the ECOWAS tools to encourage countries in collaborating and sharing information.’ The WASCWC requires each ECOWAS member State to establish National Wildlife Crime Strategies and Wildlife Law Enforcement Task Forces. Nigeria was the first country in the region to achieve both requirements, through adoption of its National Strategy to Combat Wildlife and Forest Crime in Nigeria in 2022, and by establishing its Wildlife Law Enforcement Task Force in 2023. WASCWC implementation in Nigeria strongly aligns with KMGBF Targets 3, 4 and 5.

5.3.2 Genetic Diversity Conservation The GBF also aims to conserve diversity below the species level, with its target 4, which in part, states: “…genetic diversity is being maintained…” by 2030 and beyond. By maintaining genetic diversity, the GBF seeks to enhance genetic diversity within species populations, promoting resilience and adaptability to changing environmental conditions and ultimately ensuring the long-term survival of species. Some existing Nigerian policies, and in particular, the National Biotechnology Development Agency (Establishment) Act, which functions include: a) to “foster national co-ordination of genetic resources programme and its sustainable utilization”; and b) to “arrest rapid erosion and loss in the country’s crop and animal genetic resources caused by cultivation, urbanization, rural development, grazing, desertification, pest outbreak and national catastrophes”, is consistent with the GBF on the conservation of genetic diversity.

5.3.3. Ecosystem Conservation The GBF contains five targets for ecosystem conservation, including an increase in the area, connectivity, and integrity of natural ecosystems, and in some targets, by percentages. These include:  Target 1: All areas are planned or managed to bring loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero;  Target 2: 30% of degraded areas are under effective restoration; 62  Target 3: 30% of areas are effectively protected and conserved;  Target 10: Areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably; and  Target 12: Urban green and blue spaces enhanced for human well-being Existing national policies and statutes in Nigeria that are consistent with the GBF’s targets on ecosystem conservation include:  The Exclusive Economic Zone Act, which is “established for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources of the seabed, subsoil, and waters above it”. These are areas of high biodiversity importance;  The National Parks Service Act 1999, 2006, 2010, which has an objective that aims at the “protection of endangered species of wild plants, animals and their habitats”. Protected Areas in Nigeria currently cover 13.93% of terrestrial areas and 0.02% of marine areas. Expansion of protected areas is ongoing. More National Parks have recently been designated based on needs, especially key biodiversity areas. The protection of these areas, including nature reserves, to safeguard important ecosystems and species, is consistent with the GBF’s goal of conserving biodiversity. In addition, the National Parks Service seeks connectivity, and integrity of natural ecosystems of the national parks in line with the GBF’s goal;  The NBSAP that promotes the strengthening of protected area management to enhance the management effectiveness of Nigeria’s protected areas through capacity building, enforcement of regulations, and community involvement, which supports the GBF’s target of conserving at least 30% of the world’s land and sea areas by 2030;  The National Policy on Environment, which aims to “ensure environmental protection and the conservation of natural resources for sustainable development” and one of the goals is to “restore, maintain and enhance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity and the principle of optimum sustainable yield in the use of living natural resources and ecosystems”; strengthens the conservation and sustainable management of fresh water and wet-land ecosystems; coastal and marine ecosystem; semi- arid ecosystems; montane ecosystems; and forest ecosystems. When these ecosystems’ integrity is sustained, the functions and services they provide for the benefit of all people and the environment are assured and enhanced and this is consistent with the GBF target 11: “Nature’s contributions to people are restored, maintained and enhanced”. Nigeria’s policies and statutes are equally consistent with the other GBF targets (11-23) that indirectly focus on sustainable practices, ensuring equitable resource use, and integrating biodiversity in business and financial practices, which collectively support the broader biodiversity targets. Regarding the main objective of KMGBF Target 13: the “Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources, digital sequence information and associated traditional knowledge”, Nigeria has put in place guidelines for bio-prospecting, access and benefits 63 sharing, and associated traditional knowledge. Some monetary and non-monetary benefits are directed towards conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity consistent with the goal and target of the GBF. The NBSAP is the major policy instrument for mainstreaming biodiversity’s multiple values into all sectors and at all levels and into decision-making frameworks including planning and accounting processes. The NBSAP 2016-2020 has its long-term vision as: ‘A Nigeria with healthy living environment where people live in harmony with nature and sustain the gains and benefits of biodiversity, integrating biodiversity into National programme aimed at reducing poverty and developing a secure future in line with the principle of ecological sustainability and social equity.’ Some of the actions in its targets 1, 2, and 3 focus on integrating the multiple values of biodiversity into sectoral and national progammes. The NBSAP as a national policy on biodiversity governance is consistent with the GBF goal and target 14: “The multiple values of biodiversity are integrated into decision-making at all levels”. The National Environmental Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act, Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act, National Park Service Act, National Parks Service Act 1999, 2006, and Erosion and Watershed Management Act are biodiversity-related statutes that ensure that businesses reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, and reduce biodiversity-related risks for sustainable patterns of production. They are all, therefore, in alignment with the GBF goal and target 15: “Businesses assess and disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks and reduce negative impacts”. The National Environmental Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act enforces environmental standards and regulations, which includes biodiversity conservation measures that businesses must comply with. The Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act 1985, 2016 regulates international trade and traffic of endangered species to protect biodiversity in Nigeria. The National Park Service Act establishes national parks and protected areas in Nigeria to conserve biodiversity and promote eco-tourism. The National Forestry Policy 2020aims at the sustainable management and conservation of forests, which is crucial for biodiversity protection and sustainability of some businesses. The Erosion and Watershed Management Act addresses issues related to erosion control and watershed management, which are essential for maintaining biodiversity and strengthening the resource base of some businesses. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Act was established to regulate and control the importation, exportation, manufacture, advertisement, distribution, sale and use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, bottled water and chemicals. It undertakes and coordinates research programmes on the storage, adulteration, distribution and rational use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, bottled water and chemicals. NAFDAC establishes appropriate programmes for the quality, safety and rational use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, bottled water and chemicals. Ensuring proper storage and rational use of food is in alignment with the GBF goal and target 16. The National 64 Environmental Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act enforces environmental standards and regulations, which include waste management and is in alignment with the GBF goal and target 16 on handling of waste. The National Biosafety Management Agency Act of 2015 is the institutional regulatory framework that is charged with the responsibility and administrative mechanism for safety measures in the application of modern biotechnology in Nigeria, with a view to preventing any adverse effect on human health, animals, plants, and the environment and is in alignment with GBF goal and target 17. The policy guideline aligns with the GBF goal and target 17 in ensuring equitable access to results and benefits arising from safe biotechnology based on genetic resources from Nigeria. The National Policy on Science and Technology Education (2019) has the objectives of producing citizens with basic knowledge and skills in coping with and managing the physical environment; and developing appropriate human resources with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and conservation. The policy is in alignment with the ambition of the GBF goal and target 20 on strengthening capacity-building, technology transfer, and scientific and technical cooperation for biodiversity. The NBSAP policy framework includes provisions for data collection, monitoring, and sharing to support decision-making and this is in alignment with the GBF goal and target 21. Similarly, The Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act 1985, 2016 regulates the trade and traffic of endangered species in Nigeria, helping to protect biodiversity. This also involves the collection and dissemination of biodiversity data to aid in decision-making related to conservation efforts and is therefore in alignment the GBF goal and target 21 on ensuring that the best available biodiversity data, information and knowledge are readily available to decision-makers and other relevant actors. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act 1992, 2024 requires developers to assess and mitigate the environmental impacts of their projects, including impacts on biodiversity. It involves the collection and utilization of biodiversity data to inform decision-making processes, and this is in alignment with the GBF goal and target 21. The National Forestry Policy 2020 governs the management and conservation of forests in Nigeria, including the protection of biodiversity within the forest ecosystems. It includes provisions for biodiversity data collection and sharing to inform forest management decisions, which makes it in alignment with the GBF goal and target 21. Nigerian Policies or Acts that are in alignment with the ambition of the GBF goal and target 22: “ensure participation in decision-making and access to justice and information related to biodiversity for all”, include: Freedom of Information Act; National Environmental Standards Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act 2007; National Park Service Act; and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act. The Freedom of Information Act provides citizens with the right to access information held by public authorities, including government agencies involved in biodiversity conservation. It helps promote transparency and participation in decision-making processes related to biodiversity. NESREA’s mandate includes promoting public awareness and participation in environmental decision-making 65 processes including those related to biodiversity conservation. The National Parks Service Act includes provision for public consultation and participation in decisions affecting the protected areas within their purview. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act usually involves public consultation and participation in decision-making process, ensuring that stakeholders have access to relevant information. The National Gender Policy; NBSAP; Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act; and National Policy on Women are some of Nigeria’s commitments to promoting gender equality and a gender-responsive approach to biodiversity action in alignment with the GBF goal and target 23. The National Gender Policy provides a framework for promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment across all sectors, including environmental conservation. It aims to address gender disparities and ensure that women have equal opportunities to participate in decision-making processes related to biodiversity. The Nigerian NBSAP includes provisions for mainstreaming gender considerations into biodiversity conservation efforts. It recognizes the importance of promoting gender equality in sustainable development and emphasizes the need for gender-responsive approach to biodiversity action. The Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act prohibits various forms of gender-based violence and provides legal protections for women and girls. By addressing gender-based violence, the Act helps to create a safer environment for women to participate in biodiversity conservation initiatives and decision-making processes. The National Policy on Women outlines strategies for promoting women’s rights, empowerment, and gender equality in various sectors, including environmental management. It aims to address gender disparities and ensure that women have equal opportunities to participate in biodiversity conservation efforts.

5.4. Policy gaps and Recommendations There are some KMGBF targets that are not well covered by Nigerian policies. Gaps exist in addressing these targets effectively. The identified targets as well as the recommendations for addressing the policy gaps are outlined in Table 13. Table 13: Policy gaps and recommendations KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations Target 1 Insufficient integration of Integrating biodiversity into land-use biodiversity considerations into sectoral policies by mandating the sectoral policies (e.g., inclusion of biodiversity impact agriculture, urban planning); assessments in all major sectors. 66 KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations Inadequate implementation of Encouraging partnerships between land and sea use planning to government, private sector, and local minimize the impact on communities to implement biodiversity. sustainable land-use practices Target 2 Nigeria lacks a comprehensive, Develop and implement a National funded national ecosystem Ecosystem Restoration Strategy with restoration plan with clear measurable targets. targets for restoring 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030 Incorporate restoration actions into national development and land-use plans Mobilize funding through Public- Private Partnerships and climate finance (e.g. Green Climate Fund Target 3 Nigerian policies on Protected Integrating clauses into Protected Areas do not have clear Area policies to clearly frameworks that allow accommodate expansion of sufficient area coverage, protected areas representation and effective management. Insufficient funding and Establishing sustainable funding resources for the management mechanisms, such as conservation and enforcement of protected trust funds and ecotourism revenues, areas. to support protected areas. 67 KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations Strengthening conservation management practices through training programmes and capacity building. Target 5 Over-exploitation of wild Strengthening regulatory species due to inadequate frameworks by developing and regulatory frameworks. implementing stricter regulations and guidelines for the sustainable harvest and trade of wild species. Regulate bushmeat markets; Promoting alternative livelihoods by supporting alternative livelihood programmes to reduce dependencies on wild species exploitation. 68 KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations Poor monitoring of policy Establishing monitoring systems by implementation and poor utilizing technology and community- enforcement of sustainable use based monitoring systems to ensure policies. compliance with sustainable use regulations. Train and equip more rangers; promote community-based wildlife monitoring. Target 7 Insufficient policies to control Strengthening pollution control laws pollution from industrial, by Revising and enforcing stricter agricultural, and domestic pollution control regulations. sources. . Weak enforcement of existing Implementing rigorous monitoring environmental regulations and control of industrial discharges governing pollution. and emissions. Launching nationwide campaigns to educate the public about pollution and encourage eco-friendly practices Target 9 Lack of comprehensive Development and implementing a policies and strategies to national strategy for the prevention, 69 KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations address invasive alien species control, and eradication of invasive alien species. Investing in research programmes to Insufficient research and data identify and monitor invasive on invasive species and their species and their ecological impacts. impacts. Providing training and resources for local communities and conservation personnel to manage invasive species. Target 10 Agriculture and logging Integrate biodiversity safeguards practices prioritize productivity into national agriculture and forestry over sustainability, leading to policies biodiversity loss Promote agro-ecology and agroforestry practices Support sustainable fisheries through co-management frameworks and marine biodiversity conservation Target 11 Limited integration of nature- Incorporating nature-based solutions based solutions into climate into national and local climate change adaptation and policies and action plans. mitigation policies. Developing dedicated funding channels to support the implementation of nature-based solutions. Actively involving communities in the planning and execution of nature-based projects. Target 12 Urban planning in Nigeria does Update urban planning regulations not prioritize green to include biodiversity offsets, green infrastructure or biodiversity- corridors, and nature-based solutions sensitive design Encourage States and cities to adopt Local Biodiversity Strategies and 70 KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations Action Plans Mainstream urban green spaces in climate adaptation strategies Target 15 No mandatory requirement for Develop national regulations Nigerian businesses to disclose requiring corporate biodiversity biodiversity risks and disclosure, aligned with international dependencies frameworks like the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) Support companies with ESG reporting frameworks and tools Encourage biodiversity-focused reporting as part of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Target 19 Biodiversity funding is Increase biodiversity allocation in insufficient and fragmented the Federal and State budgets Leverage international climate and biodiversity finance mechanism (e.g. GEF, Adaptation Fund) Explore innovative finance tools: biodiversity credits, green bonds, debt-for-nature swaps Target 20 Indigenous and Local Recognize customary land rights and Communities are support Community-based natural underrepresented in resource management (CBNRM) conservation decision-making Institutionalize IPLC participation in protected area governance Provide funding and capacity- building for IPLC-led biodiversity projects Target 21 Limited public awareness and Establish a National Biodiversity access to biodiversity-related Information Portal accessible to the information public, researchers, and policymakers 71 KMGBF Target Gaps Recommendations Promote biodiversity education through schools, media campaigns, and community outreach Empower civil society and youth organizations to engage in biodiversity monitoring 72 CHAPTER SIX STRATEGY VISION, PRINCIPLES, GOALS AND TARGETS

6.1 Long Term Vision for the revised NBSAP 2025-2030 The NBSAP’s long-term vision is: “A Nigeria where biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and sustainably utilized to achieve clean and healthy environment for the wellbeing of all people and future generation” This vision statement recognizes Nigeria’s globally important biodiversity and natural land and seascapes. Nigeria is blessed with rich fauna and flora found across an array of diverse ecosystems such as forests, savannas, wetlands, coastal and marine areas. Effective implementation of the NBSAP 2025-2030 will ensure that nature is sustainably managed in balance and in harmony with the well-being of the Nigerian people. It further recognizes the importance of healthy ecosystem services for the health and wellbeing of people, animals, plants and ecosystems. This vision also acknowledges the crucial linkages between biodiversity and health and the three objectives of the CBD, while seeking to capture the future state of Nigeria with the effective implementation of the NBSAP. A clean, healthy living environment supports the well-being of individuals and ecosystems alike. It is characterized by safe, sustainable, and well-maintained physical surroundings that foster the health and well-being of individuals, communities, and ecosystems. Regarding this, the vision recognizes that Nigerians need clean water to drink, clean air to breathe, and clean environment at all times- hence, the interventions on blue and green spaces in the NBSAP. The vision therefore, acknowledges the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. Similarly, a healthy biodiversity supports species diversity, genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity, functional diversity, resilience, interconnectivity, habitat integrity, and distribution of species, all of which are elements of this NBSAP. The sustainability of these elements is an integral part of the NBSAP. Healthy biodiversity ensures balance between all these elements and the ability to adapt and recover from change. A healthy population in Nigeria requires a balance in physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. The vision shows our dependence on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the maintenance of good human health and the need to protect, conserve, and sustainably utilize them as articulated in the NBSAP. In summary, the vision envisages a Nigeria where, in the effective management of the NBSAP, there is a healthy living environment, biodiversity resources are sustainably conserved and utilized, the ecosystems are balanced, and the Nigerian people are living healthily. The vision shows how implementing the NBSAP 2025-2030 effectively, is one of Nigeria’s contributions to the 2050 Global Biodiversity vision of ‘Living in Harmony with Nature’. 73

6.2 Principles governing the strategy: The development and implementation of the Nigerian NBSAP is driven by the following eleven key principles and considerations: i. “All living things must be preserved”. Every living thing has a right to live. All lives are precious and each living thing contributes to the balance and harmony in nature. This is an ethical issue, which is based on the concept of “Live and let Live”. No living thing is superior or inferior. The Nigerian NBSAP will be implemented respecting all issues of wildlife conservation, human-wildlife interaction, and human- wildlife conflicts; ii. Nigeria’s rich biodiversity and natural landscape provide life support services for our people. Therefore, Nigerians will accord priority to their conservation, management and sustainable use; iii. The need to set best practices in mineral exploration and exploitation is crucial for Nigeria’s biodiversity in order to sustain biodiversity conservation and provide better living standards for people; iv. Nigeria’s biodiversity is better conserved in-situ. However, development of ex-situ conservation approaches will be encouraged where necessary, to support the natural and wild biodiversity pool; v. Conservation goals are best achieved through ecosystem and landscape approaches, while encouraging Indigenous People and Local Community participation in ecosystem management is crucial for the survival of species and protection of biodiversity. Traditional methods of biodiversity protection have critical roles to play within the scope of NBSAP in Nigeria; vi. Nigeria believes in the integration of technological innovations into the management of biological resources and is fully committed to the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which provides among other things, that products of biotechnology do not impact negatively on the environment and human health; vii. The NBSAP is aligned to KMGBF, which is for all: the whole-of-government and whole- of-society. Its success requires political will and recognition at the highest level of government and relies on action and cooperation by all levels of government and by all actors of society; and will be implemented accordingly; viii. The NBSAP is a coherent framework for the coordination and sustainable management of biodiversity by all stakeholders, working in synergy to protect the genetic base of Nigeria’s biodiversity through integration into national development planning and fiscal appropriation; ix. A comprehensive valuation of biodiversity will create awareness of its huge financial contribution to the nation’s GDP and promote government investment in biodiversity management. The NBSAP is committed to achieving this; x. Utilization of Nigeria’s biodiversity will be transparent, equitable and efficient. Access to genetic resources will be given in line with our commitment to the Nagoya 74 Protocol on Access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable Sharing of the Benefits arising from their utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); and xi. The NBSAP focuses on mainstreaming biodiversity priorities across policies and biodiversity-dependent sectors as a key approach to inform development and investment trade-offs, and to support healthy and resilient ecosystems that secure food-nutrition, water-energy production systems and their value chains.

6.3 GOALS The Goals of the revised NBSAP are global and they are four: numbered A, B, C, D. The first three goals address each objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity, while goal D addresses financing and means of implementation. The goals have numeric elements. Boxes 1-4 consist of the 4 ambitious KMGBF goals with associated explanations. BOX 1 GOAL A: Protect and Restore The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Goal A focuses on enhancing the resilience of all ecosystems, halting extinction of threatened species and maintaining genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential. BOX 2 GOAL B: Prosper with Nature Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050. Goal B focuses on sustainable use and management of nature’s contribution to people for the benefit of present and future generation by 2050 75 BOX 3 GOAL C: Share Benefits Fairly The monetary and non-monetary benefits from the utilization of genetic resources and digital sequence information on genetic resources, and of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as applicable, are shared fairly and equitably, including, as appropriate with indigenous peoples and local communities, and substantially increased by 2050, while ensuring traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is appropriately protected, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in accordance with internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments. Goal C focus on protecting traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, in accordance with internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments BOX 4 GOAL D: Invest and Collaborate Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing country Parties, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for biodiversity.

6.4 National Targets: There are 23 global targets which are organized around three themes: a) addressing threats to biodiversity; b) sustainable use and benefit sharing; and c) tools and solutions for mainstreaming and implementation. Similarly, there are 23 national targets, each in alignment with the corresponding global target and goals. Each Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is urged to “contribute to attaining the goals and targets of the framework in accordance with national circumstances, priorities and capabilities”. Therefore, the Nigerian national targets are revised to also be in harmony with the present realities in the country and will be implemented with a whole-of-society approach, to conserve Nigeria’s rich natural land- and seascapes and biodiversity and ensure a sustainable future for our citizens. Boxes 5- 27 are the global targets with the aligning national targets and some notes. 76 BOX 5: Target 1: Global: All areas are planned or managed to bring loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero. This target aims to ensure that all areas are under spatial planning or other effective management with the purpose of addressing the driver of land use change or sea use change and of bringing the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero by 2030. National: By 2030, all areas are effectively managed to bring loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero. Effective management of the EIA, NBSAP, and Protected Areas will make the conservation of biodiversity as a form of land use to compete with alternative land uses; and promoting a spatial planning process, such as the ICZM, which includes and protects areas of high biodiversity importance of the coast, will implement the target. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B. BOX 6: Target 2 Global: 30% of degraded areas are under effective restoration. This target aims to ensure that 30 per cent of the total area of degraded terrestrial, inland water and marine and coastal ecosystems are under effective restoration by 2030. National: By 2030, 30% of identified and prioritized degraded areas are under effective restoration programs This target is implemented by first, identifying all degraded areas and initiating programs of restoration; and second, ensuring that the programs are all the time effective over a long period. However, the UNCCD (2018) in a table, showed the land degradation hotspots in in the six geo-political zones of Nigeria that were identified for the purpose of restoration (by reducing land degradation by 20% by 2030). In addition, there are the Niger Delta biodiversity hotspots: the Ramsar sites. Strengthening these will implement the KMGBF Target 2 The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B. 77 BOX 7 Target 3 Global: 30% of areas are effectively protected and conserved. This target calls for the expansion and enhancement of protected and conserved areas, (i.e. areas that are managed with the aim of achieving positive outcomes for biodiversity). The target indicates three approaches that may be employed to achieve this aim, which includes Protected areas, Other effective area-based conservation measures, and Indigenous and traditional territories. National: By 2030, 30% of land, seas and oceans are effectively protected and conserved including key biodiversity areas and OECMs. All areas are included in the protection and conservation programs, although emphasis is laid on key biodiversity areas. Nigeria believes that 30% is achievable since the existing protected areas in Nigeria currently cover 13.93% of terrestrial areas and 0.02% of marine areas. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goal A BOX 8 Target 4 Global: Threatened species are recovering, genetic diversity is being maintained and human- wildlife conflict is being managed This target has three distinct but related components: (a) Management actions need to be taken to halt human-induced extinctions by 2030 and to reduce extinction risk, in particular for threatened species. (b) Management actions need to be taken to maintain and restore genetic diversity, among all species. (c) Action needs to be taken to manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human- wildlife conflict. National: By 2030, threatened species are recovering, genetic diversity is being maintained and human-wildlife conflict is being managed in conservation areas The first of the principles that guide the implementation of this NBSAP: “All living things must be preserved”, will be applied in this target. Every living thing has a right to live. All lives are precious and each living thing contributes to the balance and harmony in nature. This target will be implemented respecting all issues of wildlife conservation, human-wildlife interaction, and human-wildlife conflicts; The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of 78 goal A BOX 9 Target 5 Global: Use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal Ensure sustainable, safe and legal harvesting and trade of wild species: Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities. National: By 2030, use, harvest, and trade of wild species are sustainable, safe and legal while mainstreaming customary sustainable use by local communities Actions to implement this target will take into account indigenous and local systems for the control, use and management of natural resources, and would not restrict such customary sustainable use. Customary use of biological resources includes spiritual, cultural, and economic and subsistence functions. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 10 Target 6 Global: Reduce rates of introduction and establishment of invasive alien species by 50 per cent This target focuses on eliminating, minimizing, reducing or mitigating the impacts of invasive alien species in two main ways: (a) by identifying and managing pathways to preventing their introduction and establishment and (b) by eradicating or controlling invasive alien species that have been introduced and established. National: By 2030, invasive alien species and their pathways are identified and prioritized and priority species controlled, and measures are put in place to manage pathways across the ecological zones The description of the elements of this target is line with NBSAP 2016-2020 target 9. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goal A 79 BOX 11 Target 7 Global: Pollution reduced, halving nutrient loss and pesticide risk. The overall objective of this target is to reduce the risks and negative impacts from all types of pollution by 2030. The target has further components addressing specific pollution types that are known to have particularly harmful impacts on biodiversity globally, namely (1) excess nutrients (2) pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals and (3) plastic pollution. In the case of excess nutrients, and the risks from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals, the target specifies a quantitative element; reduction by half. National: By 2030, pollution is reduced, halving nutrient loss and pesticide risk in final deposition In this target, the destiny of the pollutant: ground water, rivers, ocean, soil, leaves, fish, birds, and other marine species, is emphasized. Pollutants do not recognize international boundaries. Agricultural run-off, which contains a variety of fertilizers and pesticides, may seep into ground water and rivers before ending up in the ocean. Similarly, atmospheric pollutants drift with prevailing air currents and are deposited far from their original source. They make their way into soil, leaves, and water. Also, small pieces of plastic suspended in ocean water build up inside fish, birds, and other marine species. Industrial toxins kill many species in rivers and lakes. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goal A. BOX 12 Target 8 Global: Minimize impacts of climate change and ocean acidification including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches This target focuses on (a) minimizing the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity, (b) the contribution of biodiversity, through nature-based solutions or ecosystem based approaches, to climate mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk reduction and (c) minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity National: By 2030, impacts of Climate Change in Nigeria, and Ocean Acidification in the Coastal Zones, are minimized through nature-based solutions. The impact of Climate Change is felt throughout Nigeria, whereas Ocean Acidification is primarily experienced in the coastal zones where carbon emissions are very high, especially gas flaring and oil spillage. The air is heavily polluted with carbon dioxide which eventually dissolves into the ocean. Interventions in response to climate change will be spread across the nation, while those meant to address ocean acidification will be restricted to States in the coastal zones. There are nine States in the coastal zone, which include: Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-River, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, and Rivers. 80 The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 13 Target 9 Global: Management of wild species is sustainable and benefits people The main focus of this target is ensuring that the management and use of wild species is sustainable for the benefit of people. National: By 2030, wild species are sustainably managed and utilized for the benefits of the people. When wild species are sustainably managed and utilized it benefits people. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 14 Target 10 Global: Areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably The main focus of this target is to ensure that the areas used for agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably. National: By 2030, 50% of prioritized areas each under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, and bio-friendly practices The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 15 Target 11 Global: Nature’s contributions to people are restored, maintained and enhanced This target calls for the range of nature’s contributions to people to be restored, maintained or enhanced by 2030 and places specific emphasis on the regulation of air, water and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters. National: By 2030, nature’s contributions to people are restored, maintained and enhanced through Nature-based solutions in Nigeria The objectives of the global target are similar to that of the NBSAP 2016-2020 target 7 81 The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 16 Target 12 Global: Urban green and blue spaces enhanced for human well-being The target aims to ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, inter alia to increase the green and blue spaces within cities and other densely populated areas, in order to contribute to human well-being and the conservation of biodiversity in urban areas National: By 2030, creation of urban green and blue spaces is enhanced for human well- being in all the States and the FCT The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 17 Target 13 Global: Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources, digital sequence information and associated traditional knowledge This target has two main components. First, putting in place legal, policy and administrative measures on ABS, and secondly, putting in place capacity-building measures for ABS: National: By 2030, effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity building measures are put in place to enhance the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from: the utilization of genetic resources; digital sequence information on genetic resources; and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources at all levels. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goal C BOX 18 Target 14 Global: The multiple values of biodiversity are integrated into decision-making at all levels The aim of this target is to ensure that the values of biodiversity are fully reflected or mainstreamed in all relevant decision-making frameworks so that it is given proper attention in decision-making, leading to alignment of all activities, and of all financial flows, with the goals and targets of the framework. National: By 2030, national accounting to fully integrate multiple values of biodiversity into decision making frameworks within and across all levels of government and across all sectors is developed. 82 Nigeria went further than the Global Target, to incorporate national accounting, to ensure a holistic approach. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 19 Target 15 Global: Businesses assess and disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks and reduce negative impacts This target aims to progressively reduce the negative impacts and increase the positive impacts of business on biodiversity and to encourage more sustainable patterns of production. National: By 2030, legal and administrative measures are put in place to ensure that large and transnational companies, financial institutions and other businesses assess and publicly disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks; and reduce negative impacts While the target is to be implemented for all businesses, we may start with the large and transnational companies and financial institutions. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A, B, C, D. BOX 20 Target 16 Global: Sustainable consumption choices are enabled, and food waste reduced by half This target calls for measures to be put in place to encourage people to make more sustainable consumption choices so that overconsumption and waste generation are significantly reduced. National: By 2030, Sustainable consumption choices are enabled, and food waste across the agricultural value chain are reduced. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 21 Target 17 Global: Strengthen biosafety and distribute benefits of biotechnology Biosafety measures are indispensable for ensuring that living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology are handled and used with the necessary safety precautions. Living modified organisms resulting from biotechnologies provide opportunities, but their use and release requires regulation, management and control of potential associated risks. New 83 biotechnological developments are providing ever more promising opportunities, however the concerns over these technologies and the living modified organisms resulting from them are also increasing. Participation in biotechnological research by those Parties, especially developing country Parties, providing the genetic resources for such research would help empower them to address their own research needs. In addition, equitable access by Parties, in particular developing country Parties, to the results and benefits of biotechnologies based on genetic resources provided by these Parties would enable countries to benefit from technological advances based on genetic resources, providing a powerful incentive for conservation. This target has two main components. The first relates to biosafety measures and the second addresses participation in biotechnology research and the distribution of benefits from biotechnology. National: By 2030, biosafety measures are strengthened in Nigeria and benefits arising from safe biotechnology using Nigeria’s genetic resources are equitably, accessible and distributed The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A and B BOX 22 Target 18 Global: Reduce harmful incentives by at least $500 billion per year Incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are an important underlying driver of biodiversity loss. Substantial and widespread changes to subsidies and other incentives that are harmful to biodiversity are required to ensure sustainability. Eliminating, phasing out or reforming harmful incentives is a critical and necessary step that would also generate net socioeconomic benefits. The creation or further development of positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity would also help reach the 2050 Vision for biodiversity by providing financial resources or other motives to encourage actors to undertake actions that would benefit biodiversity. National: By 2026, 50% of agricultural subsidies and incentives that are harmful to biodiversity are identified and progressively reformed, redirected or repurposed; and 100% reformed, redirected or repurposed by 2030. Nigeria has successfully removed subsidies on fertilizer and Gas (Fuel) which has significantly reduced the negative impacts on our biodiversity natural resources. Although, this has increased the economic burden on the citizens The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A, B, D 84 BOX 23 Target 19 Global: Financial resources increased to $200 billion per year, including $30 billion through international finance The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework will be implemented primarily through activities at the national and subnational levels, with supporting actions at the regional and global levels. However, the capacity for implementing the Convention in terms of human, technical and financial resources is limited in many countries, especially in developing countries. Together with other means of implementation, the mobilization of adequate financial resources is critical for achieving the goals and targets of the Framework. The main focus of this target is increasing the amount of financial resources for the implementation of national biodiversity strategies and actions to $200 per year by 2030. National: By 2030, a national biodiversity finance plan to mobilise financial resources from all sources is developed. Nigeria will initially focus on country level financing, and then will broaden the focus towards other potential funding sources. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goal D BOX 24 Target 20 Global: Capacity development and technical and scientific cooperation The ultimate aim of this target is to ensure that Parties and other relevant actors have the necessary enabling conditions, capacity, know-how, technologies and other tools for implementation, commensurate with the ambition of the goals and targets of the Framework. National: By 2030, capacity development, technical and scientific cooperation are increased for biodiversity promotion, and for implementing NBSAP. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A, B, C, D. BOX 25 Target 21 Global: Data, information and knowledge for decision-making is available The main objective of this target is to ensure that the best available biodiversity data, information and knowledge are readily available to decision-makers and other relevant actors to support informed biodiversity policy, planning and decision-making processes, as well as for monitoring, reviewing and reporting progress in implementation. 85 National: By 2030, measures are put in place to ensure biodiversity data, information, and knowledge are revised and available for decision-making Decision-making will be based on existing data, information and knowledge. It is desirable that they are revised. The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A, B, C, D. BOX 26 Target 22 Global: Ensure participation, justice, and rights for indigenous peoples and local communities, women, youth, persons with disabilities and environmental defenders Ensure the full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in decision-making, and access to justice and information related to biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources, and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities and ensure the full protection of environmental human rights defenders. National: By 2030, actions are taken to ensure active participation, justice, and rights for local communities, women, youth, persons with disabilities and environmental defenders in the decision-making process, and in the implementation of the NBSAP The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A, B, C, D BOX 27 Target 23 Global: Implementation follows a gender-responsive approach Ensure gender equality in the implementation of the framework through a gender-responsive approach where all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention, including by recognizing their equal rights and access to land and natural resources and their full, equitable, meaningful and informed participation and leadership at all levels of action, engagement, policy and decision-making related to biodiversity. National: By 2030, actions are taken to ensure women and girls are given priority in the decision making process at all levels in the implementation of the NBSAP and other biodiversity actions The national target is in alignment with the global target and contributes to the attainment of goals A, B 86 CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0. ACTIONS OR MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT NATIONAL TARGETS INCLUDING ACTORS, TIMEFRAMES FOR ACTIONS AND SOURCES OF FUNDING OR SUPPORT The major focus of this chapter is the actions for achieving each national target, and the actors or lead implementing institutions that show ownership of each action of a target, the timeframe, and sources of funding or support. The national actions to achieve the priority targets and strategies will be implemented within a period of 6 years (2025 - 2030) and will involve working with a wide range of relevant MDAs, NGOs, and Development Partners as shown in Table 14. TABLE 14: TARGETS, ACTIONS, TIMEFRAME, AND SOURCES OF FUNDING Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions Target 1: By 2030, 1.1.Strengthening EA 2025-2030 Federal Government; all areas are and Implementing Department Private Sectors; effectively managed the provisions of Development to bring loss of Environmental Partners areas of high Impact biodiversity importance close to Assessments zero. 1.2. Strengthening EA 2025-2026 Federal Government; the capacities of Department Development local communities Partners to participate in ESIA process by providing appropriate knowledge and skill acquisition

1.3. Ensuring EA 2025-2030 Federal Government; transparency, Department and accountability, and participation in EA Department 87 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions ESIA decision- making processes. 1.4.Strengthening FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, the Biodiversity State government; Steering Committee Development Partners

1.5. Establishing an FDF 2025-2026 Federal government, Inter-Ministerial State government; Committee on Development Biodiversity Partners

1.6. Establishing State Ministry 2025-2030 Federal government, and implementing in charge of State government; Sub-national (State Biodiversity NGOs; Private and Local (FDF to report Sectors; Government) levels on progress) of the National Development Biodiversity Partners Strategy and Action Plan, promoting stakeholders’ (including MDAs, local communities, and NGOs) participation

1.7. Establishing LISDEL, 2025-2030 Federal government, and coordinating a Federal NGOs; Development legislative network Ministry of Partners for the Environment implementation of the NBSAP

1.8. Strengthening FMEnv 2025-2026 Federal government, Multi Stakeholders International Committees on Planning Governments and biodiversity-related Research & Agencies, and other 88 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions conventions and Statistics development partners protocol such as Dart Technical committee

1.9. Strengthening FMEnv 2025-2030 Federal government; synergy among NGOs; Private focal areas in the Planning Sectors; environment sector Research & Statistics Development Partners

1.10. Ensuring FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, regular monitoring Development partners and evaluation to assess progress and identify areas of improvement on the implementation of NBSAP actions

1.11. Designating NPS 2025-2026 Federal government, and upgrading the State government; status of thirty (30) NGOs; Development forest Partners reserves/game reserves, sacred groves and sanctuaries to National Park status, including marine protected areas

1.12. Surveying the FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, flora and fauna FEDERAL Development partners outside protected MINISTRY 89 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions areas, including OF MARINE sacred groves, AND BLUE community lands, ECONOMY abandoned (FMBBE) farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

1.13. Documenting FDF and 2025-2030 Federal government, and mapping the NASRDA State government; local communities’ NGOs; Development conservation areas Partners and strengthening their management plans

1.14. Strengthening Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, the Niger Delta State government; implementations of NGOs; Development the Conservation Partners Strategy for Biodiversity in the Niger Delta

1.15. Assessing the NPS 2025-2030 Federal government, status of Development partners biodiversity resources in the designated new National Parks

1.16. Developing NPS 2025-2030 Federal government, and implementing Development partners management plans for the designated 90 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions New National Parks

1.17. Strengthening NPS 2025-2030 Federal government, the paramilitary Development partners status of the Nigerian National Parks to enhance the level of biodiversity protection in protected areas

1.18. Safeguarding FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, of wildlife corridors State government; to ensure spatial Private Sectors; development/habita NGOs; Development t connectivity Partners axes/Green Infrastructure

1.19. Promoting FMAFS, PC & 2025-2030 Federal government, measures to reduce EH, Federal State government; agricultural wastes, Ministry of Private Sectors; fertilizers and agro- Environment NGOs; Development chemicals entering Partners rivers and wetland

1.20. Identifying PC&EH, 2025-2027 Federal government, the pollutant NIOMR, State government; sources and MINISTRY Private Sectors; purification OF WATER NGOs; Development capacity of RESOURCES Partners Nigeria’s wetlands, (FEDERAL rivers and oceans, MINISTRY for restoration OF HEALTH) measures

1.21. Ending gas NOSDRA, 2025-2030 Federal government, 91 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions flaring and manage DPR, Development partners oil spillage MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES, REGIONAL DEVELOPME NT

1.22. Preventing NPS, FDF, 2025-2030 Federal government deforestation and DDLDA, Agencies, and other degradation; NAGGW development partners protecting vital ecosystems by mapping areas of high conservation value; and identifying areas suitable for sustainable forestry practices

1.23. Ensuring MINISTRY 2025-2030 Federal government, International OF Agencies, and other Cooperation for ENVIRONME development partners coastal zone NT FDF, management by NIMASA, Min Strengthening the of Marine and government Blue Economy, partnership with NIWA, development Erosion Flood partners such as and Coastal WACA Project zone Dept (e.g. GEF, UNDP, World Bank and UNEP. etc.) Target 2. By 2030, 2.1. Strengthening DDLDA 2025-2030 Federal government, 92 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions 30% of identified the measures for the Department, Agencies; and other and prioritized restoration of each NAGGW, Development degraded areas are of the following FRIN, Federal Partners, NGOs under effective land degradation Ministry of restoration hotspots: Amba Agric and programs (Nasarawa State), Food Security, Badoko (Kaduna NCF State), Banaga (Zamfara State), Ejeba (Delta State), Ifiang Nsung (Cross River State), Ilesha Ibaruba (Kwara State), Imeko Game Reserve and Aworo Forest Reserve (Ogun State), Orishaeze (Imo State), Oroma-Etiti (Anambra State), and Saki (Oyo State) by providing native plant species for planting to cover more areas.

2.2. Establishing a FDF, Erosion 2025-2027 Federal government, National Forest and Flood and Agencies; Vegetation Coastal Zone Development Recovery Management Partners Programme, Dept, NPS including mangroves and other coastal areas

2.3. Enacting the Federal Min of 2025-2028 Federal and State National Forestry Govts., NGOs; 93 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions Bill to give legal Justice Biodiversity backing to National Development Forest Policy Partners

2.4. Establishing a Ministry of 2025-2027 Federal government, National Rivers and Water and Agencies; Wetlands Resources, PC Development Rehabilitation & EH, NIWA, Partners, NGOs Programme, linked Federal to reduction of Ministry of pollutants Environment

2.5. Promoting NAGGW/ 2025-2030 Federal government, Natural DDLDA and Agencies; Regeneration to Department Development increase the area Partners, NGOs covered by pastoral, large scale landscape planning and enrichment planting in the dry forest/shrub land through improvement of biodiversity

2.6. Promoting FDF, NPS 2025-2030 Federal and State alternative govts., NGOs livelihoods for Development communities in Partners and protected areas and Agencies ecosystem restoration areas

2.7. Developing ECN, Min of 2025-2020 Federal and State pilot community- Power govts., NGOs based sustainable Development energy-efficient Partners and production facilities 94 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions e.g. bio-gas, solar Agencies energy etc. around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas

2.8. Mapping the NASRDA, 2025-2026 Federal government, location and extent National Agencies and of areas under Boundary Development restoration by using Commission, Partners Geographic National Information Centre for Systems (GIS) Remote Sensing (NCRS), Target 3. By 2030, 3.1. Identifying NPS, 2025-2027 Federal and State 30% of land, seas sites for new or NASRDA, govts., NGOs and oceans are expanded Min. of Development effectively conservation areas Environment, Partners and protected and using spatial Min. of water Agencies conserved including planning resources, Min. key biodiversity of Agric. and areas and OECMs. food security, Min. of marine and Blue Economy

3.2. Designating NPS, Min. of 2025-2027 Federal and State and upgrading the Environment, govts., NGOs status of thirty (30) Min. of Marine Development forest and Blue Partners and reserves/game Economy, Agencies reserves, sacred Min. of Water groves and Resources sanctuaries to National Park status, including 95 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions marine protected areas

3.3. Implementing Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal and State the Conservation Regional govts., NGOs Strategy for Development, Development Biodiversity in the NDDC, FDF Partners and Niger Delta Agencies

3.4. Assessing the NPS, FDF, 2025-2028 Federal and State status of NIOMA govts., NGOs biodiversity (NIOMR) Development resources in the Partners and designated new Agencies National Parks

3.5 Developing and NPS, FDF, 2025-2030 Federal and State implementing NIOMA govts., NGOs management plans (NIOMR) Development for the designated NIMASA Partners and new National Parks Agencies

3.6. Documenting FDF, Min. of 2025-2028 Federal and State and mapping the Agric and govts., NGOs local communities’ Food Security, Development conservation areas Min. of Marine Partners and and strengthening and Blue Agencies their management Economy plans

3.7. Strengthening NPS, 2025-2030 Federal and State the paramilitary NIMASA, govts., NGOs status of the Navy Development Nigerian National Partners and Parks to enhance Agencies the level of biodiversity protection in 96 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions protected areas

3.8. Identifying NPS, FDF, 2025-2028 Federal and State priority sites FRIN govts., NGOs requiring Development management Partners and actions for Agencies Nigeria’s endemic and threatened species 3. 9. Identifying NCF, FDF, 2025-2028 Federal and State important sites for NIOMA govts., NGOs migratory species (NIOMR), Development and their Federal Min. Partners and conservation needs of Marine and Agencies Blue Economy

3.10. Surveying the FDF, FRIN, 2025-2030 Federal and State flora and fauna NIPRP, NCF govts., NGOs outside protected Development areas, including Partners and sacred groves, Agencies community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

3.11. Safeguarding FDF, NPS, 2025-2030 Federal and State of wildlife corridors NCF, govts., Private in terms of spatial NASRDA, Sectors; NGOs development/habita NIOMA Development t connectivity (NIOMR) Partners axes/Green 97 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions Infrastructure Target 4. By 2030, 4.1. Conducting NPS, FDF, 2025-2030 Federal government, threatened species and publishing an FRIN, NCF Development partners are recovering, assessment of the genetic diversity is conservation status being maintained of Nigeria’s and human-wildlife endemic and conflict is being threatened species managed in conservation areas 4.2. Identifying NPS 2025-2027 Federal and State; priority sites Local NGOs; requiring Biodiversity funding management mechanism actions for Nigeria’s endemic and threatened species

4.3. Identifying NCF 2025-2028 Federal and State; important sites for Local NGOs; migratory species Biodiversity funding and their mechanism conservation needs

4.4. Establishing a NCF 2025-2030 Federal government, national centre / International institute for Governments and knowledge and Agencies, and other sustainable Use of development partners Biodiversity

4.5. In-situ FRIN 2025-2030 Federal and State conservation of governments; Local wild relatives of NGOs; Biodiversity cultivated plants; funding mechanism domesticated animals 98 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions

4.6. Establishing NBRDA 2025-2028 Federal and State Nigerian National (NACGRAB) governments; Local gene bank for NGOs; Biodiversity cultivated plants funding mechanism and domesticated animals

4.7. FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State Establishing/Rehabi governments; Local litating Community NGOs; Biodiversity Herbal Heritage funding mechanism Centres

4.8. Educating and NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State Creating Awareness governments; Local among Protected NGOs; Biodiversity Areas (PAs) funding mechanism communities on the importance of wildlife conservation

4.9. Providing FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State compensations for governments; damages caused by wildlife in and outside the PAs.

4.10. Encouraging FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State PA and local governments; communities to plant alternative crops that are not consumed by the crop raiders in the area.

4.11. Reducing FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State human settlements 99 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions in and around the governments PAs.

4.12. Developing FDF (Wildlife) 2025-2030 Federal government, conflict mitigation Development partners strategies such as life fencing or other methods to protect crops, humans, and livestock from the threat and monitoring the Red List Index for species most affected by human- wildlife conflicts such as the elephant. Target 5: By 2030, 5.1. Promoting and Dept. of 2025-2030 Federal government, use, harvest, and supporting Fisheries, Development partners trade of wild sustainable fishing Marine and species are practices such as Blue Economy sustainable, safe hook and line and legal while fishing, responsible mainstreaming gear use, and gear customary marking. sustainable use by local communities 5.2. Implementing Dept. of 2025-2030 Federal government, measures like Fisheries, Development partners modified fishing Marine and gear or fishing Blue Economy methods to reduce the capture of non- target species (bycatch).

5.3. Ensuring legal FDF (Wildlife) 2025-2030 Federal government, international and 100 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions domestic trade meet Development partners CITES criteria and does not contribute to the decline of threatened species, with quotas set based upon scientific knowledge, at a minimum as contained in the “non-detrimental findings” report

5.4. Ensuring that FDF (Wildlife) 2025-2030 Federal government, legal and illegal Development partners trade in wild animal species do not contribute to the spread of zoonotic diseases

5.5. Strengthening FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State the implementation governments; Local of guidelines for NGOs; Biodiversity Community-based funding mechanism sustainable forest management, including conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

5.6. Promoting the NIPRD 2025-2030 Federal government, integration of Development partners important medicinal plant species in agroforestry 101 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions systems by local communities for sustainability of medicinal plants, income generation and health care

5.7. Conducting NIPRD 2025-2030 Federal and State awareness governments; Local campaigns for NGOs; Biodiversity Traditional funding mechanism Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) in local communities on conservation and sustainable harvesting wild medicinal plant species

5.8. Promoting FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State; alternative Local NGOs; livelihoods for Biodiversity funding communities in mechanism conservation areas and ecosystem restoration areas

5.9. Developing ECN 2025-2027 Federal and State; pilot community- Local NGOs; based sustainable Biodiversity funding energy-efficient mechanism production facilities e.g. bio-gas, solar energy etc. around conservation areas and ecosystem 102 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions restoration areas

5.10. Resuscitating FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, the Forest Development partners Utilization Centres

5.11. Supporting FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State; Ranches with Local NGOs; appropriate Biodiversity funding seeds/seedlings mechanism

5.12. Strengthening FDF (Wildlife) 2025-2030 Federal government, the CITES Development partners implementation by building the individual capacity in the Wildlife and CITES Management division of FDF.

5.13. Implementing FDF (Wildlife) 2025-2030 Federal government, other international Development partners cooperation and agreements to address transboundary movement in wild species trade Target 6: By 2030, 6.1. Strengthening FDF, NAQS 2025-2030 Federal government, invasive alien the capacity of the Development partners species and their Nigerian pathways are Agricultural identified and Quarantine Services prioritized and Department for priority species effective border controlled, and control 103 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions measures are put in 6.2. Establishing a FDF, NAQS 2025-2030 Federal government, place to manage national framework Development partners for the control and management of Invasive Alien Species (IAS)

6.3. Ensuring FDF, NAQS 2025-2030 Federal government, international Development partners collaboration on the prevention and control of Invasive Alien Species

6.4. Promoting the FDF utilization of IAS in Nigeria 2025-2030 Federal and State; Local NGOs; Biodiversity funding mechanism

6.5. Strengthening FRIN, NAQS 2025-2030 Federal government, research on the Development partners impacts of IAS and update the existing baseline on IAS status 6. 6. Establishing NAQS 2025-2030 Federal government, an early warning Development partners and rapid response mechanism for IAS at the ports and border crossings Target 7: By 2030, 7.1. Reducing FMAFS 2025-2030 Federal and State; pollution is agricultural wastes, Local NGOs; reduced, halving fertilisers and agro- Biodiversity funding nutrient loss and chemicals entering mechanism pesticide risk in rivers and wetlands 104 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions final deposition 7.2. Identifying the PC&EH 2025-2030 Federal government, pollutant sources Development partners and purification capacity of Nigeria’s wetlands, rivers and coasts, for restoration measures

7.3. Strengthening FMWR 2025-2030 Federal government, national water Development partners quality guidelines

7.4. Ending gas NOSDRA, 2025-2026 Federal government flaring and NATIONAL managing oil UPSTREAM spillage PETROLEUM COMMISSIO N (NUPRC)

7.5. Promoting PC&EH 2025-2030 Federal government, businesses that are Development partners reducing plastic waste and re-using existing plastic

7.6. Educating and NOA 2025-2030 Federal government, creating Awareness State government; on the effects of Private Sectors; plastic use on the NGOs; Development environment and Partners ways of reducing plastic waste

7.7. Implementing FMA&NR 2025-2030 Federal government, Integrated Pest Development partners Management (IPM) strategies that prioritize non- 105 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions chemical methods especially in farming 7. 8. Conducting FMA&NR 2025-2030 Federal government, education and State government; training Private Sectors; programmes for NGOs; Development farmers on best Partners practices in fertilizer use

7.9. Awareness NESREA 2025-2030 Federal government, campaigns to State government; promote proper Private Sectors; waste disposal NGOs; Development practices Partners

7.10. Training NESREA 2025-2030 Federal government, programs for proper State government; handling and Private Sectors; disposal of NGOs; Development hazardous materials Partners in workplaces Target 8: By 2030, 8.1. Strengthening EA 2025-2030 Federal Government; impacts of Climate and implementing Department UNEP; GEF; Private Change in Nigeria, the provisions of Sectors and Ocean Environmental and Acidification in the Social Impact Coastal Zones, are Assessments minimized through nature-based solutions. 8.2. Identifying NPS, FDF 2025-2028 Federal and State; sites for new or Local NGOs; expanded Biodiversity funding conservation areas mechanism from the relevant 106 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions surveys and strategies

8.3. Designating NPS 2025-2026 Federal government, and Upgrading the State government; status of thirty (30) NGOs; Development forest Partners reserves/game reserves, sacred grooves and sanctuaries to National Park status, including marine protected areas

8.4. Surveying the FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, flora and fauna Development partners outside protected areas, including sacred groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

8.5. Documenting FDF, 2025-2030 Federal and State; and mapping the NASRDA Local NGOs; local communities’ Biodiversity funding conservation areas mechanism and strengthening their management plans 107 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions

8.6. Strengthening Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, the implementation Niger Delta State government; of the Conservation NGOs; Development Strategy for Partners Biodiversity in the Niger Delta

8.7. Safeguarding FDF (Federal 2025-2030 Federal government, of wildlife corridors Ministry of State government; in terms of spatial Environment) Private Sectors; development/habita NGOs; Development t connectivity Partners axes/Green Infrastructure

8.8. Ensuring FDF (Federal 2025-2030 Federal government, International Ministry of Development partners Cooperation for Environment) coastal zone management by Strengthening the government partnership with development partners such as WACA Project (e.g. GEF, UNDP, World Bank and UNEP. etc.)

8.9. Strengthening DDA 2025-2030 Federal government, the measures for the Department Development restoration of each Partners of the following land degradation hotspots: Amba (Nasarawa State), Badoko (Kaduna 108 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions State), Banaga (Zamfara State), Ejeba (Delta State), Ifiang Nsung (Cross River State), Ilesha Ibaruba (Kwara State), Imeko Game Reserve and Aworo Forest Reserve (Ogun State), Orishaeze (Imo State), Oroma-Etiti (Anambra State), and Saki (Oyo State) by providing native plant species for planting to cover more areas.

8.10. Establishing a FDF 2025-2026 Federal government, National Forest and Development Vegetation Partners Recovery Programme, including mangroves and other coastal areas

8.11. Establishing a FDF 2025-2026 Federal government, National Rivers and Development Wetlands Partners Rehabilitation Programme, linked to reduction of pollutants 8. 12. Promoting NAGGW/ 2025-2030 Federal government, 109 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions Natural DDA Development Regeneration to Department Partners increase the area covered by pastoral, large scale landscape planning and enrichment planting in the dry forest/shrub land through improvement of biodiversity

8.13. FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State Establishing/Rehabi governments; Local litating Community NGOs; Biodiversity Herbal Heritage funding mechanism Centres

8.14. Developing ECN 2025-2027 Federal and State; pilot community- Local NGOs; based sustainable Biodiversity funding energy-efficient mechanism production facilities e.g. bio-gas, solar energy etc. around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas

8.15. Strengthening NPS 2025-2030 Federal government, the paramilitary Development partners status of the Nigerian National Parks to enhance the level of biodiversity protection in 110 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions protected areas

8.16. In-situ FRIN 2025-2030 Federal and State conservation of governments; Local Wild relatives of NGOs; Biodiversity cultivated plants; funding mechanism and domesticated animals

8.17. Ending gas NOSDRA 2025-2026 Federal government flaring and managing oil spillage Target 9. By 2030, 9.1. Identifying Federal 2025-2027 Federal and State wild species are wild species Department of governments; Local sustainably collectors Forestry NGOs; Biodiversity managed and funding mechanism utilized for the benefits of the 9.2. Identifying Federal 2025-2030 Federal and State people. wild species Department of governments; Local currently being Forestry, NGOs; Biodiversity sustainably Federal funding mechanism managed and Fisheries Dept. utilized

9.3. Implementing Federal 2025-2030 Federal government, fishing quotas that Fisheries Dept. Development partners limit the total catch of a specific fish species

9.4. Surveying the FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, flora and fauna Development partners outside protected areas, including sacred groves, community lands, abandoned 111 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

9.5. Promoting FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State; alternative Local NGOs; livelihoods for Biodiversity funding communities mechanism around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas Target 10. By 2030, 10.1. Encouraging FMA&RD 2025-2030 Federal government, 50% of prioritized farmers in three (3) Development partners areas each under selected areas to agriculture, use Integrated Pest aquaculture, Management (IPM) fisheries and techniques such as forestry are crop rotation, managed biological pest sustainably, in control, and the use particular through of pest-resistant the sustainable use varieties. of biodiversity, and bio-friendly 10.2. Promoting Dept. of 2025-2030 Federal government, practices sustainable Fisheries, Development partners aquaculture by Marine and encouraging Blue Economy responsible feed sourcing, and minimizing the use of antibiotics in the three (3) selected 112 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions areas.

10.3. Implementing Dept. of 2025-2030 Federal government, sustainable fisheries Fisheries, Development partners management Marine and practices in the Blue Economy three (3) selected areas by reducing bycatch.

10.4. Implementing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, agroforestry Development partners practices in the three (3) areas under forestry by introducing trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes.

10.5. Promoting FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, initiatives to replant Development partners deforested areas, restore degraded forests, and establish new tree plantations

10.6. Encouraging Fed. Min. of 2025-2030 Federal government, integrated land-use Lands and Development partners planning practices Survey that consider ecological, economic, and social factors 10. 7. Establishing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, a National Forest Development and Vegetation 113 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions Recovery Partners Programme, including mangroves and other coastal areas

10.8. Enactment of FDF 2025-2027 Federal and State; the National Local NGOs; Forestry Bill to give Biodiversity funding legal backing to mechanism National Forest Policy

10.9. Re-instate the FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State; National Forest Local NGOs; Development Biodiversity funding Committee and mechanism Forest Utilization Centres, as part of the strengthened National Forest Policy

10.10. Assessing NPS 2025-2030 Federal government, the status of Development partners biodiversity resources in the designated new National Parks

10.11. Reducing FMAFS; 2025-2030 Federal government, agricultural wastes, PC&EH Development partners fertilisers and agro- chemicals entering rivers and wetlands 114 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions

10.12. LGA 2025-2030 Federal government, Strengthening the Authorities Development partners capacities of local Communities to participate in natural regeneration of wetlands, arid zone vegetation, forests, mangroves & other priorities identified

10.13. Surveying FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, the flora and fauna Development partners outside protected areas, including sacred groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

10.14. FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State Strengthening the governments; Local implementation of NGOs; Biodiversity guidelines for funding mechanism Community-based sustainable forest management, including conservation and sustainable use of 115 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions biodiversity

10.15. Engaging State Forestry 2025-2030 Federal and State; local artisans and Authorities; Local NGOs; practitioners such Dept. of Biodiversity funding as fishermen and Fisheries, mechanism delivering specific, Marine and key conservation Blue messages. Economy; FMAFS

10.16. Promoting FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State; alternative Local NGOs; livelihoods for Biodiversity funding communities in mechanism protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas Target 11. By 2030, 11.1. Establishing NGOs 2025-2030 Federal and State nature’s pollinator-friendly governments; Local contributions to habitats near NGOs; Biodiversity people are restored, agricultural fields funding mechanism maintained and for pollination of enhanced through crops, ensuring Nature-based food security and solutions in Nigeria economic benefits 11. 2. In-situ FRIN 2025-2030 Federal and State conservation of governments; Local Wild relatives of NGOs; Biodiversity cultivated plants; funding mechanism and domesticated animals

11.3. Establishing NBRDA 2025-2028 Federal and State Nigerian National (NACGRAB) governments; Local gene bank for NGOs; Biodiversity cultivated plants 116 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions and domesticated funding mechanism animals

11.4. FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State Establishing/Rehabi governments; Local litating Community NGOs; Biodiversity Herbal Heritage funding mechanism Centres

11.5. Establishing a FDF 2025-2026 Federal government, National Rivers and Development Wetlands Partners Rehabilitation Programme, linked to reduction of pollutants

11.6. Restoring FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, wetlands for natural Development water purification, Partners reducing pollution and protecting water for human use Target 12: By 2030, 12.1. Creating or State/ FCT 2025-2030 Federal and State creation of urban expanding urban Environmental governments; Local green and blue parks and gardens Protection NGOs; Biodiversity spaces is enhanced within the cities of Agencies funding mechanism for human well- all the States and being in all the FCT to increase states and the FCT green spaces 12. 2. Creating State/ FCT 2025-2030 Federal and State man-made lakes, Environmental governments; Local ponds, pools in Protection NGOs; Biodiversity 117 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions urban Agencies funding mechanism centres/Rehabilitati ng natural surface water or rivers or streams, waterfalls in urban centres to ensure they can be used for recreation and relaxation

12.3. Establishing Urban and 2025-2030 Federal and State green corridors that Physical governments; Local connect parks and Planning NGOs; Biodiversity other green spaces, funding mechanism promoting biodiversity and providing continuous green access throughout the city

12.4. Enhancing Urban and 2025-2030 Federal and State access points to Physical governments; Local existing green and Planning NGOs; Biodiversity blue spaces, funding mechanism ensuring they are available for all, including the elderly and people with disabilities.

12.5. Developing Federal 2025-2030 Federal and State educational Ministry of governments; Local programmes that Education NGOs; Biodiversity include outdoor funding mechanism classes in green spaces, making them beneficial for 118 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions health and learning

12.6. Organizing SUSTY 2025-2030 Federal and State volunteer clean-up VIBES African governments; Local and maintenance Climate and NGOs; Biodiversity events for parks, Environmental funding mechanism riverbanks, and Foundation other public green and blue spaces

12.7. Implementing Fed. Ministry 2025-2030 Federal and State policies that require of Housing and governments; Local developers to urban NGOs; Biodiversity include a certain Development funding mechanism percentage of green/blue space in new housing and commercial projects

12.8. Planting fruit- Environmental 2025-2030 Federal and State trees in homes Protection governments; Local Agencies NGOs; Biodiversity funding mechanism

12.9. Planting Environmental 2025-2030 Federal and State flowers in front of Protection governments; Local business premises Agencies NGOs; Biodiversity and at the doors funding mechanism

12.10. Adding Environmental 2025-2030 Federal and State plants inside Protection governments; Local buildings Agencies NGOs; Biodiversity funding mechanism

12.11. Developing Urban and 2025-2030 Federal and State tree-lined streets, Physical governments; Local green bicycle paths, Planning NGOs; Biodiversity and pedestrian funding mechanism 119 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions walkways

12.12. Conducting NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State Awareness governments; Local Campaigns on the NGOs; Biodiversity benefits of creating funding mechanism urban green and blue spaces. Target 13: By 2030, 13.1. Developing a FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, effective legal, National ABS Development policy, framework and Partners administrative and legislation capacity building measures are put in place to enhance the 13.2. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, Fair and Equitable and implementing Development Sharing of Benefits policy guidelines Partners arising from: the for bio-prospecting, utilisation of access and benefit genetic resources; sharing, and digital sequence associated information on traditional genetic resources; knowledge and traditional (intellectual knowledge property rights) associated with genetic resources at 13.3. Developing State 2025-2030 Federal government, all levels. and implementing a Government Development Sub-national (State Partners and Local Government levels) regime on ABS

13.4. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, national ABS Development Institutional Partners Structure 120 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions

13.5. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, and implementing Development national ABS Partners Operational Structure

13.6. Building International 2025-2030 Federal government, capacity on ABS at Collaboration; Development all levels by FDF Partners providing knowledge and skill acquisition in genetic resources, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), and associated traditional knowledge through workshops, seminars and conferences at both local and international levels. Target 14: By 2030, 14.1. Conducting NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State national accounting outreach and governments; Local to fully integrate awareness NGOs; Biodiversity multiple values of campaigns (radio, funding mechanism biodiversity into jingles etc.), decision making information sharing frameworks within and public and across all levels discussions on of government and Nigeria’s across all sectors is biodiversity and its developed significance to ecology, economy, life and services, with specific 121 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions emphasis on local communities

14.2. Producing and NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State distributing governments; Local publications in NGOs; Biodiversity appropriate local funding mechanism languages and dialects on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the public, especially women and youth

14.3. Including FME 2025-2030 Federal and State subjects and texts governments; Local on biodiversity NGOs; Biodiversity conservation into funding mechanism the national primary and secondary education and the General Studies (GS) of tertiary institution curricula

14.4. Hosting FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, annual National Development Forum on Partners Biodiversity for legislators and other sectors of the economy

14.5. Hosting an FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, annual National Development Biodiversity Partners dialogue/conferenc 122 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions e, and Press Conference

14.6. Integrating FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State biodiversity governments; Local conservation into NGOs; Biodiversity sectoral funding mechanism development plans at all levels

14.7. Integrating FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State biodiversity governments; Local conservation into NGOs; Biodiversity national funding mechanism appropriation 14. 8. Conducting FRIN 2025-2030 Federal government, Economic Development Valuation of Partners Biodiversity and national studies on ‘TEEB’ 14. 9. Integrating Budget and 2025-2030 Federal and State valuation of National governments; Local biodiversity into Planning NGOs; Biodiversity national accounts, funding mechanism strategies and planning process

14.10. Creating Economic 2025-2030 Federal and State sectoral sectors at all governments; Local biodiversity levels NGOs; Biodiversity conservation funding mechanism Advisory Desks at all levels Target 15: By 2030, 15.1. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, legal and and implementing Development 123 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions administrative policy measures to Partners measures are put in encourage and place to ensure that enable businesses large and to: Regularly transnational monitor, assess, and companies, transparently financial disclose their risks, institutions and dependencies and other businesses impacts on assess and publicly biodiversity; disclose Provide information biodiversity needed to dependencies, consumers to impacts and risks; promote sustainable and reduce negative consumption impacts patterns; and Report on compliance with access and benefit- sharing regulations and measures, as applicable.

15.2. Identifying FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, large and Development transnational Partners companies and financial institutions and other businesses

15.3. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, handbills Development identifying Partners biodiversity dependence, biodiversity-related risks to business, 124 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions and negative and positive impacts of business on biodiversity for each of the businesses

15.4. Encouraging FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State businesses to governments; Local contribute to the NGOs; Biodiversity restoration of funding mechanism natural habitats that are crucial for threatened species, such as reforestation projects and wetland restoration activities.

15.5. Regularly NESREA 2025-2030 Federal and State monitoring governments; Local compliance of NGOs; Biodiversity businesses to the funding mechanism policy requirements

15.6. Creating a NESREA 2025-2030 Federal and State task force for governments; Local Nature-related NGOs; Biodiversity Financial funding mechanism Disclosures Target 16: By 2030, 16.1. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State Sustainable and implementing governments; Local consumption policy that NGOs; Biodiversity choices are enabled, addresses food funding mechanism and food waste waste and waste across the generation across agricultural value the agricultural 125 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions chain are reduced. value chain 16. 2. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State and implementing a governments; Local National Strategy NGOs; Biodiversity and Action Plan for funding mechanism Sustainable Consumption and Production to promote consumption patterns that remain within biological limits in an equitable way and reduction of food waste

16.3. Conducting NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State campaigns to raise governments; Local awareness about NGOs; Biodiversity food waste food funding mechanism waste across the agricultural value chain and providing tips on how consumers can minimize waste at through proper storage.

16.4. Conducting NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State educational governments; Local campaigns to raise NGOs; Biodiversity awareness about the funding mechanism importance of recycling practices, and environmental 126 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions benefits of recycling to encourage behaviour change.

16.5. Implementing Environmental 2025-2030 Federal and State waste separation Protection governments; Local programmes at the Agencies NGOs; Biodiversity community or funding mechanism organizational level to encourage proper sorting of recyclable materials from food waste, making it easier to recycle and divert waste from landfills

16.6. Promoting FMA&RD 2025-2030 Federal government, sustainable farming Development practices that Partners improve soil health, reduce chemical inputs, and increase soil resilience, thereby reducing both food waste and poverty.

16.7. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, information-sharing Development platform to ensure Partners seamless access to information by consumers Target 17: By 2030, 17.1. Strengthening NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, biosafety measures biosafety measures Development 127 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions are strengthened in and Institutional Partners Nigeria and benefits capacities arising from safe biotechnology using Nigeria’s genetic 17.2. Developing NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, resources are and reviewing Development equitably, biosafety regulatory Partners accessible and instruments distributed

17.3. Creating NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, enabling Development environment for Partners participation of Nigerians in safe and responsible application of biotechnological research for the benefits of Nigerians

17.4. Strengthening NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government; advocacy and Private Sectors; sensitization on NGOs; Development Biosafety measures Partners and in the participation in safe biotechnological research.

17.5. Facilitating NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, Information Development Sharing and Partners Transparency

17.6. Strengthening NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, the implementation Development of the Nagoya- Partners 128 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

17.7. Putting NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, measures in place Development for the equitable Partners access to results and benefits arising from safe biotechnology based on genetic resources from Nigeria.

17.8. Monitoring NBMA 2025-2030 Federal government, and evaluating the Development effectiveness of Partners Nigeria Biosafety System Target 18: By 2026, 18.1. Identifying FDF 2025-2026 Federal and State 50% of agricultural subsidies, that are governments; Local subsidies and harmful to NGOs; Biodiversity incentives that are biodiversity by funding mechanism harmful to 2025 biodiversity are identified and 18.2. Determining National 2025-2026 Federal and State progressively annual financial Assembly; governments; Local reformed, redirected cost of subsidies FMAFS NGOs; Biodiversity or repurposed; and and other incentives funding mechanism 100% reformed, that are harmful to redirected or biodiversity by repurposed by 2025 and redirecting or 129 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions 2030. repurposing them

18.3. Reforming, Fed. Min. 2025-2030 Federal and State redirecting or Budget, governments; Local repurposing 100% Finance and NGOs; Biodiversity of agricultural National funding mechanism subsidies and other Planning incentives that are harmful to biodiversity by 2030

18.4. Scaling up of FMEnv 2025-2030 Federal and State positive governments; Local incentives/subsidies NGOs; Biodiversity for the conservation funding mechanism and sustainable use of biodiversity. Target 19: By 2030, 19.1. Conducting BDCP 2025-2026 Federal and State a national an NBSAP resource governments; Local biodiversity finance needs assessment NGOs; Biodiversity plan to mobilise funding mechanism financial resources from all sources is 19. 2. Establishing FMEnv 2025-2030 Federal and State developed. a national funding (Planning, governments; Local mechanism for Research NGOs; Biodiversity biodiversity Statistic) funding mechanism

19.3. Integrating FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State biodiversity governments; Local conservation into NGOs; Biodiversity national funding mechanism appropriation

19.4. Strengthening FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, the government Development partners partnership with development 130 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions partners (e.g. GEF, UNDP and UNEP.)

19.5. Encouraging FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, the private sector to Development partners invest in biodiversity, including through impact funds and other instruments

19.6. Establishing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, and implementing a Development partners national procedure for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), to enhance private sector investment and corporate social support to Nigeria’s biodiversity protection 19. 7. Synergizing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, with climate Development partners finance Target 20: By 2030, 20.1. Determining FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, capacity prioritised capacity Development partners development, building needs for technical and government scientific agencies, NGOs cooperation are and local increased for communities to biodiversity implement the promotion, and for NBSAP by implementing conducting NBSAP implementation 131 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions NBSAP Capacity Needs Assessment

20.2. Developing FRIN 2025-2030 Federal government, training guides and Development partners modules for prioritised capacity building needs

20.3. Building Development 2025-2030 Federal government, capacity of Partners Development partners government officials and individuals for prioritised NBSAP implementation capacity development needs in relevant organizations including NGO’s through meetings, seminars and conferences both locally and internationally

20.4. Identifying FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, technologies Development partners needed to develop, access, transfer and diffuse to achieve its national targets and also contribute to the global goals and targets 132 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions

20.5. Developing a FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, capacity- Development partners development plan for biodiversity

20.6. Promoting Development 2025-2030 Federal government, South-South and Partners development partners North-South technical and scientific cooperation on biodiversity Target 21: By 21.1. Conducting a FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, 2030,measures are National development partners put in place to Biodiversity ensure biodiversity Resources data, information, Assessment to and knowledge are increase the level of revised and standardisation and available for interoperability decision-making among existing data, tools and platforms

21.2. Digitizing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, existing development partners information on various species, their conservation status, and factors impacting their populations in the National Clearing House Mechanism (CHM): www.chm- cbd.com.ng

21.3. Developing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, 133 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions and implementing Development partners Open-Access and open data policies to facilitate and support easier access.

21.4. Conducting NOA 2025-2030 Federal government, outreach and Development partners awareness campaigns (radio, jingles etc.), information sharing and public discussions on Nigeria’s biodiversity and its significance to ecology, economy, life and services, with specific emphasis on local communities

21.5. Producing and NOA; FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, distributing Development partners publications in appropriate local languages and dialects on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the public, especially women and youth

21.6. Establishing FMEnv 2025-2030 Federal and State synergy among (Planning, governments; Local 134 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions focal areas in the Research & NGOs; Biodiversity environment sector Statistics) funding mechanism

21.7. Conducting Development 2025-2030 Federal government, and implementing Partners Development partners capacity-building programmes on Knowledge management; and training of experts and researchers in species assessment methodologies to expand the coverage of species assessed on the IUCN Red List.

21.8. Development 2025-2030 Federal government, Strengthening the Partners FDF; Development partners existing Monitoring System

21.9. Implementing FRIN 2025-2030 Federal government, regular monitoring Development partners programs to collect data on species populations, trends, and threats to update the Species Status Index

21.10. Supporting Development 2025-2030 Federal government, research and partners Development partners innovation required to generate necessary data, 135 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions information, and knowledge Target 22: By 2030, 22.1. Strengthening LGAs 2025-2030 Federal government, actions are taken to the capacities of Authority Development partners ensure active local Communities participation, to participate in justice, and rights natural regeneration for local of wetlands, arid communities, zone vegetation, women, youth, forests, mangroves persons with and other priority disabilities and areas identified environmental defenders in the 22.2. Surveying the FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, decision-making flora and fauna Development partners process, and in the outside protected implementation of areas, including the NBSAP sacred groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites 22.3.Strengthening FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State the implementation governments; Local of guidelines for NGOs; Biodiversity Community-based funding mechanism sustainable forest management, including conservation and 136 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions sustainable use of biodiversity 22.4.Developing a FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, national framework Development partners and mechanism for community participation in ecotourism planning and development

22.5. Conducting Development 2025-2030 Federal government, workshops and partners Development partners training programmes focused on leadership, advocacy, and civic engagement for women, youth, indigenous peoples, and persons with disabilities

22.6. Implementing National 2025-2030 Federal and State quotas or reserved Assembly/Stat governments; Local seats in parliament e House of NGOs; Biodiversity and local Assembly funding mechanism legislature, youth, persons with disabilities, and other marginalised groups

22.7. Formulating Head of 2025-2030 Federal and State policies that Service governments; Local mandate a certain NGOs; Biodiversity percentage of 137 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions public service funding mechanism positions to be filled by individuals from underrepresented demographics, ensuring fair representation in government roles.

22.8. Encouraging Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, and supporting the Justice Development partners training, education, and appointment of judges from diverse backgrounds, including women, individuals from minority groups, and those with disabilities

22.9. Providing Development 2025-2030 Federal government, legal, financial, and Partners Development partners educational support to environmental defenders to ensure they have the means to participate in national and local decision- making bodies

22.10. Organizing FDF 2025-2030 Federal and State regular workshops governments; Local and town hall NGOs; Biodiversity meetings in local funding mechanism languages to 138 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions engage with community members, ensuring their insights and concerns on biodiversity are heard and integrated into the NBSAP

22.11. Conducting Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, awareness Justice Development partners campaigns targeted at women, youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders to educate them about their land rights and empower them to perceive their rights to land as secure

22.12. Establishing Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, Legal aid Justice Development partners programmes specifically tailored to assist local peoples, women, youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders in securing their land rights and obtaining legally recognized 139 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions documentation

22.13. Providing NGO 2025-2030 Federal government, leadership training Development partners to enhance the ability of women, youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders to influence decision- making processes;

22.14. Creating NCF 2025-2030 Federal government, youth biodiversity Development partners ambassador programs to foster young leaders who can advocate for biodiversity conservation within their communities

22.15. Ensuring FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, that the NBSAP Development partners implementing structures (NBSC, NBCC, NBTC, NBWG) have representatives from local communities, women, youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders;

22.16. Offering Development 2025-2030 Federal government, 140 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions training programs Partners Development partners for women, youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders on biodiversity conservation, legal rights, and participation in policy making

22.17. Encouraging MOE 2025-2030 Federal and State educational governments; Local institutions to NGOs; Biodiversity integrate funding mechanism biodiversity and environmental justice into their curricula

22.18. Launching NOA 2025-2030 Federal and State public awareness governments; Local campaigns NGOs; Biodiversity highlighting the funding mechanism importance of inclusive participation in biodiversity conservation;

22.19. Safeguarding Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, individuals or Justice Development partners groups who work to protect the environment, advocate for environmental 141 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions justice, and defend the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. Target 23: By 2030, 23.1. Advocacy NGOs 2025-2030 Federal government, actions are taken to and awareness Development partners ensure women and campaigns to girls are given promote gender priority in the equality and the decision making importance of process at all levels women’s in the participation in implementation of decision-making the NBSAP and processes related other biodiversity biodiversity actions conservation

23.2. Conducting Federal 2025-2030 Federal government, training sessions for Ministry of Development partners government Women officials on gender Affairs mainstreaming and the implementation of the gender plan of action

23.3 Conducting NGOs 2025-2030 Federal government, capacity-building Development partners programmes to empower women to engage in political processes and run for positions in national parliaments and local governments 142 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions

23.4. Ensuring that Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal and State women and girls Housing and governments; Local have access to land Urban NGOs; Biodiversity and resources Development funding mechanism

23.5. Providing Development 2025-2030 Federal government, capacity-building Partners Development partners and training programs specially tailored to women and girls in the biodiversity sector

23.6. Implementing Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal government, gender quotas or women Affairs Development partners affirmative action measures to ensure adequate representation of women in leadership positions.

23.7. Encouraging Ministry of 2025-2030 Federal and State the active women Affairs governments; Local participation of NGOs; Biodiversity women and girls in funding mechanism relevant stakeholder meetings, consultations, and decision-making processes.

23.8. Creating NOA 2025-2030 Federal government, awareness Development partners campaigns to promote gender equality and empowerment in 143 Targets Actions or Actors/Timeframes for actions/Sources of funding or measures to support implement national targets Actors Estimated Expected Sources of Timeframes funding or support for actions the biodiversity conservation and management sector.

23.9. Collaborating FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, with women’s Development partners organizations and networks to leverage their expertise and amplify their voices in biodiversity- related decision- making

23.10. Establishing FDF 2025-2030 Federal government, gender-sensitive Development partners policies and guidelines within biodiversity management frameworks 144 CHAPTER EIGHT MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION: MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY Nigeria has integrated biodiversity considerations into various sectoral policies, such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and tourism to ensure sustainable practices and minimize negative impacts on biodiversity, in line with the GBF’s comprehensive approach to biodiversity conservation.

8.1. Agriculture: Land clearing or deforestation for the purpose of agricultural expansion and the unsustainable agricultural practices are some of the major factors that lead to the loss of biodiversity. Deforestation for the purpose of cultivation of choice agricultural crop removes the natural vegetation and its diversity and may further lead to degradation of the soil biodiversity, erosion and poor water retention. Some unsustainable agricultural practices, which are also the concerns in biodiversity conservation in agriculture include: large-scale application of fertilizers, misuse and over-dependence on chemical pesticides, monoculture, intensive agriculture, overgrazing, destruction of wetlands, and aquatic environments. Integrating biodiversity considerations into agriculture will ensure that measures are put in place in agricultural practices to address or eliminate these harmful practices and enhance biodiversity in lands and of crops, improve resilience to environmental challenges and ensure long-term agricultural sustainability. Integration of biodiversity considerations into agriculture is at the level of policies, programs, projects and agricultural Manuals/Guides to ensure their implementation. For example, PLAC (1964) reported that the Agriculture (Control of Importation) Act 1964 now Cap. A13 LFN 2004 provided for the regulation of importation of articles used for controlling plant diseases and pests which were injurious to agricultural or horticultural crops. Specifically, Section 4(1) of the Act mandated the Minister of Agriculture to regulate the importation of plants, seeds, soils, containers, straw and other packing materials, artificial fertilizers, and other similar goods which could potentially be infectious to local fauna and flora. Similarly, FMARD (2022) reported that the National Agricultural Technology and Innovation Policy (NATIP) 2022-2027 stated that apart from the critical focal components, it would build on the successes of the previous policies and programs by focusing on 11 critical cross-cutting areas where implementation gaps were identified. One of these programs was Nutrition under which project elements included: “Promoting Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies for a drastic reduction of chemical residues in our produce”. Some of the measures that integrate biodiversity considerations into agriculture include: Crop diversification, Agroforestry, practice of conservation agriculture, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and supporting local ecosystems. 147

8.1.1 Crop Diversification: Crop diversification in which a variety of crops are grown, is practiced in agriculture instead of monoculture practice and this helps to support diverse ecosystems, reduce the risk of crop failure, and promote beneficial insects.

8.1.2 Agroforestry: This is the agricultural practice that integrates trees and shrubs into farming system in order to enhance biodiversity, improve soil health, provide habitat for wildlife, increase resilience to climate change and improve nutrition.

8.1.3 Conservation Agriculture: In conservation agriculture, minimal soil disturbance, crop rotation, and cover cropping help maintain soil biodiversity, reduce erosion, and improve water retention.

8.1.4 Integrated Pest Management (IPM): IPM uses a combination of biological control, crop rotation, and natural predators to manage pests without relying heavily on pesticides, thus preserving biodiversity. Chemical pesticides are used as a last resort and in minimum proportion; and

8.1.5 Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides: This can facilitate a quick return of diverse flora and fauna to ecosystems.

8.2. FORESTRY To preserve and maintain healthy and resilient forest ecosystems, biodiversity considerations must be integrated into Forestry practices. Sometimes in forestry, there are some practices that destroy the integrity of the Forests, other ecosystems, the flora, the fauna, and the environment. These unwholesome practices in forestry constitute factors that lead to the degradation, decline or loss of biodiversity. They include: Clearing of natural vegetation for plantation establishment; clear cutting, establishment of monoculture plantations, planting of exotic species, inappropriate logging technique, overharvesting, poor road construction, insufficient reforestation, and the use of large heavy earth-moving machinery. In order to prevent the loss of biodiversity arising from these unsustainable forestry practices, the following biodiversity considerations should be integrated into forestry.

8.2.1 Sustainable Forest Management: Sustainable Forest Management practices ensure that forests are managed in a way that maintains biodiversity, productivity, and ecosystem health;

8.2.2 Protected Areas: Establishing Protected Areas within forestry management areas helps to conserve biodiversity by safeguarding important habitats and species and can serve as wildlife corridors and sanctuaries;

8.2.3 Reforestation and Habitat Restoration: Planting native tree species and restoring habitats that support a variety of plant and animal species can help increase biodiversity in forested areas; 148

8.2.4 Habitat Diversity: Preserving, creating, and maintaining different forest types, age classes, and structures diversify habitats within forests to support wide range of plant and animal species;

8.2.5 Selective Logging: Selective logging techniques minimizes damage to the ecosystem and protects key habitats and can help maintain biodiversity by preserving a variety of tree species and ages; and

8.2.6 Reforestation and Restoration: Putting in place programs for restoring degraded areas and promoting reforestation with native plant species helps in recovering biodiversity and improving forest resilience.

8.2.7 Invasive species management: Preventing the spread of invasive species that threaten native biodiversity can help maintain the balance of forest ecosystems;

8.2.8 Monitoring and Research: Regularly monitoring biodiversity indicators in forests to assess the effectiveness of conservation efforts and conducting research on local species and ecosystems can guide management decisions;

8.2.9 Collaboration and Stakeholder Engagement: Working with local communities, stakeholders, and conservation organizations ensures sustainable forestry practices that prioritize biodiversity conservation; and

8.2.10 National Forest Policy: Biodiversity considerations have been integrated into forestry through the national forest policy. One of the objectives of the National Forestry Policy 2020 is the “constitution of Forest Reserves and the declaration of special Protected Forests which help to conserve biodiversity by safeguarding important habitats and species”. In addition, the overall objective of the forest policy “is to achieve sustainable forest management that would ensure sustainable increases in the economic, social and environmental benefits from forests and trees for the present and future generation including the poor and the vulnerable groups”.

8.3. Fisheries Nigeria has abundant fisheries resources but these resources are being degraded. Emmanuel et al (2021), in a review, reported that “studies showed many of the Nigerian fisheries resources are endangered due to habitat degradation, overfishing, and ornamental ventures consequently due to anthropogenic activities”. Other reported unsustainable fisheries practices include: bycatch, bottom trawling, and use of explosives substances, poisonous matter, gill nets and beach seines. In order to address these unsustainable fisheries practices, policies have been put in place in Nigeria to integrate biodiversity considerations into the fisheries sub-sector. For example:

8.3.1 The Sea Fisheries Act 1992, which “makes provision for the control, regulation and protection of sea fisheries in the territorial waters of Nigeria”. The first part of the Act, concerns the licensing of motor fishing boats. Article 8 of the this Act states that “No person 149 may take or destroy or attempt to take or destroy any fish within the territorial waters of Nigeria by any of the following methods, that is,- ‘(a) by the use of any explosive substance; or (b) by the use of any noxious or poisonous matter”; Article 11 (2) empowers the Minister to “prohibit or restrict the use of any fishing boat, apparatus, or method of taking fish that is considered harmful to the sea fishing industry in Nigeria; (c) Prescribe limits to the size of nets or the mesh of nets that may be employed in the taking of fish within the territorial waters of Nigeria, or in any specified area therein”.

8.3.2 The Inland Fisheries Act 1992, 2013 provides “for the licensing of fishing craft and the regulation of fishing on the inland waters of Nigeria and for matters connected therewith”. Section5 of this Act places “Restriction on use of fishing gear, etc. and states that (1) No person shall fish with a gear constructed with net webbing of less than 76 millimeters except where the gear consists of- (a) pelagic trawl nets used for freshwater sardines, that is, clupeids, which are used with outboard engines of not more than 25 horsepower capable of operating trawl net with three millimetres codend; or (b) lift nets used for freshwater sardines constructed with three to five millimetres stretched mesh webbing.” Section 6 of this Act is on “Prohibition of unorthodox fishing methods (1) Except for electro- fishing and the use of chemicals for the purpose of research, no person shall take or destroy or attempt to take or destroy any fish within the inland waters of Nigeria by any of the following methods, that is- (a) the use of explosive substances; (b) the use of noxious or poisonous matter; or (c) the use of electricity” Based on these statutes, it is expected that fisheries practices in Nigeria will comply and adopt practices that integrate biodiversity for sustainable fisheries, which include:

8.3.3. Observing catch limits that have been established based on scientific assessments of fish populations in order to prevent overfishing and ensure sustainable harvesting;

8.3.4. Using approved fishing gear and techniques in order to avoid non-target species or juveniles, reducing bycatch and preserving biodiversity; and Considering the entire ecosystem in fisheries management, including the interactions between species and their habitats 150 In addition to integrating biodiversity considerations into the policies, government should also designate certain areas as marine protected areas where fishing is restricted or prohibited to protect critical habitats and promote biodiversity.

8.4. Tourism The main thrust of government policy on tourism is “to generate foreign exchange, encourage even development, promote tourism-based rural enterprises, generate employment and accelerate rural-urban integration and cultural exchange”. However, ecotourism is the aspect of tourism that is the main focus in biodiversity conservation and is the aspect of tourism that specifically needs the integration of biodiversity considerations. Ecotourism has been defined by Muehlenbein (2020) of the International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT) as “specifically a sustainable version of nature-based tourism that attempts to educate visitors while minimizing modification or destruction of natural resources and broadly benefiting the social and natural environments by involving the participation of local communities”. Ecotourism protects sites by providing a financial incentive to keep them intact. Nigeria has abundant ecotourism resources. The National Parks and other protected areas and conservation centres provide opportunities for game viewing by tourists. Visitors to such areas view wildlife and they are expected to conduct themselves in a manner that would not cause habitat degradation, introduction of invasive alien species, and pollution. Integrating biodiversity considerations into ecotourism is important for sustainable and responsible travel practices. Such biodiversity considerations include:

8.4.1. Awareness creation: Raising awareness among tourists about the importance of biodiversity conservation and the negative impacts of their actions on local ecosystems through brief talks by Guides, and the issuance of dedicated handbills to tourists;

8.4.2. Hosting biodiversity-friendly events: Offering tourism activities that promote appreciation for natural environments without disrupting or harming local Biodiversity such as hosting World Biodiversity Day or World Environment Day in Parks and Gardens;

8.4.3. Adopting eco-friendly practices: Adopting eco-friendly practices in tourism operations such as reducing waste, conserving water and energy;

8.4.4. Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities: Fostering the participation and involvement of the Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in ecotourism planning and decision-making and management to ensure that their lands, traditions, and biodiversity are protected;

8.4.5. Hands-on biodiversity tours: Creating and hosting brief hands-on biodiversity tours in the National Parks or Gardens that highlight and educate tourists about the local flora, fauna, and ecosystems; and 151

8.4.6. Eco-tourism certification: Ensuring that practitioners in the eco-tourism industry obtain eco-tourism certificates as requirements that ensure tourism activities are aligned with biodiversity conservation principles.

8.5. Land, Urban, and Infrastructures: Implement and enforce laws to protect reversed areas, watersheds, streams, rivers- all of the ecosystems and biodiversity.

8.6. Energy: Strategic environmental assessment prior to planning energy project that might impact biodiversity; Avoid projects implementation in high biodiversity areas.

8.7. Finance: Financing for biodiversity should be prioritized, revenue generated through tourism and parks should be directed to conservation efforts.

8.8. Health: Promote sustainable diets sourced from food sources that are not a threat to biodiversity; Strengthen policy framework by integrating biodiversity into health projects and national health strategies; Tackle climate change and pollution threat that degrade biodiversity and exacerbate health issues.

8.9. Mining: A national policy framework that respects mining activities and licensing in biodiversity rich areas.

8.10. Gender: Action that are gender inclusive, indigenous knowledge, livelihood and prioritizing persons with disability (PWD) in actions.

8.11. Education: Integration of biodiversity into school curricula; Teacher’s training and education material; Information and informal education; indigenous knowledge and local language inclusion; Higher education and research.

8.12. Science and Tech: Innovation for biodiversity; Research and development; Youth and women in STEM for biodiversity; Biodiversity monitoring and data systems

8.13. Budget: The budget should include provisions for biodiversity actions that can be allocated for every fiscal year. 152 CHAPTER NINE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION: CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Through stakeholder consultations on the implementation of the NBSAP, an assessment was undertaken and a plan for capacity development needs for NBSAP implementation was developed. This plan was to address key gaps identified in the capacity needs assessment of the previous NBSAP 2016-2020. Its core components consist of the prioritized capacity needs which need to be addressed to improve the core capacity issues; and which have been adapted to implement the KMGBF targets and goals. The main elements of this plan are the three levels at which capacity is nurtured: the enabling environment (policies, program, regulations, coordination/communication); institutional (structures, processes and practices, resources, leadership/management); and the individual (qualification, technical knowledge/skill, motivation/incentives/awards) on one side, and the several core biodiversity capacity issues in the NBSAP interventions or actions from which capacity will be developed, on the other side. In the plan, each of the 23 national targets that have been revised in alignment with the GBF goals and targets is selected. Using the template (Table 15: Capacity Development and Assessment), the existing capacities, gaps and needs for effective implementation of each of them are identified. 153 154 Table 15: Template for Capacity Development and Assessment Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Strategic responsibilities Funding Actions Enabling Environment Capacity (Governance/ leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Capacity Processes and Practices Structure, Resources Individual Capacity Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. 155

9.1. Enabling Environment Capacity: The elements of the Enabling Environment level include: policies, laws, agreements, conventions, regulations, and social norms. At this level, the policies, laws and regulations that already exist are identified; their fitness for purpose or the need for Revising are determined; new policies, laws and regulations that are needed are considered; the lead actors responsible for formulating the policies and the sources of necessary resources and support they need are identified.

9.2 Organizational Capacity: The elements of the organizational level include: clear institutional mandates, internal structures, processes and procedures, leadership, management systems, coordination mechanisms, technological resources, and other elements that influence the ability of any government or institution to operate effectively and achieve their mission. At this level, the structures, processes and procedures that already exist are identified and their fitness for purpose or the need to update them determined. The lead actors responsible for formulating the process and the sources of necessary resources and support they need are identified.

9.3 Individual Capacity: The elements of the individual capacity include: knowledge, skills, attitude and experience of the people involved including staff, activists, academics, and any individual in communities or systems who needs capacity to act. The aim at this level is to equip enough individuals (staff or community members) with necessary expertise, skills, knowledge, competencies, and attitudes to meet needs.

9.4 Capacity needs for each action or intervention in the targets The following tables are the capacity needs identified in each of the 23 national targets. However, capacity needs identified for a particular action or intervention in a particular national target will not be repeated in another national target for that same purpose. The location of each action selected for capacity development is identified in bracket within the populated template (Tables 16-38). 156 Table 16: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 1: By 2030, all areas are effectively managed to bring loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/ EIA Act The ESIA Act has Revising the Federal Government; 2025 - 2026 Federal Government; leadership, Policy & weak provision for ESIA Act to and EA Dept: UNEP; GEF; Private legal frameworks, the full have Funding and Sectors incentive mechanisms, participation of provision for Developing policies, Accountability IPLC in the ESIA the full laws, rules and frameworks, budget processes participation norms relevant to allocations, etc. of the LC in official governance ESIA procedure in Nigeria (1.1; 1.2) processes EIA Act; The ESIA Act that Lobbying the Private sectors, 2025 -2026 Private Sectors; NGOs NGOs with with weak legislature to NGOs for advocacy: focus on provision for the pass the bill Lobbying biodiversity; full participation of for the Parliaments for Organized IPLC in the ESIA amendment biodiversity private sectors processes of the ESIA Act that (1.1; 1.2; 1.7) provides for 157 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources full involvement and participation and inclusion of IPLC in ESIA processes Organizational Processes and Practices IPLCs as Weak involvement Involvement Federal Government; 2025 – 2026 Federal Government; Human and participation of and and and Structure resources IPLC & Multi- participation stakeholders in of Indigenous EA Dept.: EA Department Resources Multi-Sector Employing citizens, ESIA processes People and Stakeholders Local Funding and as Human Communities Developing policies, resources (IPLCs) in laws, rules and (1.5) norms relevant to ESIA processes. official governance procedure in Nigeria Multi- Limited funds that Ensuring Federal, State 2025-2030 Federal government, 158 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources stakeholders could not allow the “whole-of- governments, MDAs State government; on biodiversity engagement of government/ developing Development Partners multi-stakeholder whole-of- structures, processes, for inclusive society” resources and participation that participation management issues reflects “whole-of- in NBSAP government/whole- process by of-society” providing adequate (1.4; 1.5) funds and engaging comprehensi ve multi- stakeholders in NBSAP processes Biodiversity Limited funds that Providing Federal, State 2025-2030 Federal government, committees; could not allow the adequate governments, State government; Dedicated hosting of meetings funds and MDAs: developing Development Partners government and awareness hosting structures, processes, outfit for campaigns. meetings of resources and awareness the management Biodiversity 159 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources campaigns (1.4; 1.5) Steering Committee and other committees and awareness campaigns State and Sub-national BSAP Initiating and State governments, 2025 2026 State government; Local did not exist promoting MDAs: developing Development Partners government making Sub-national structures, processes, MDAs implementation of BSAP resources and the NBSAP weak management (1.6) Customary Management plan Assisting Federal, State 2025 Federal government, biodiversity for sustainable local governments, State government; conservation management of communities MDAs: developing NGOs; Development areas customary in the structures, processes, Partners biodiversity sustainable resources and conservation areas management management by the IPLC is of Customary weak biodiversity conservation 160 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources sites; Flora and Management plan Surveying the Federal, State 2025-2026 Federal government, fauna outside for sustainable flora and governments, State government; protected management of fauna outside MDAs: developing NGOs; Development areas, customary protected structures, processes, Partners including biodiversity and areas, resources and sacred groves, other conservation including management community areas by the IPLC sacred lands, is weak groves, abandoned community farmlands and lands, homesteads abandoned farmlands and homesteads; Sectoral Lack of operable Providing Federal and State 2025-2026 Federal and State NBSAP Focal vehicles dedicated five (5) (one Governments and Governments, Points for the monitoring each for FDF, Agencies; the Agencies and (members of of the NBSAP EA dept. Private sector and Funding mechanisms; the interventions NPS, other donors: the Private sector and Biodiversity weakened PC&EH, Supporting other donors Working monitoring of the NOSDRA development of 161 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources Group) implementation dedicated infrastructures; operable granting financial vehicles for resources and other monitoring; facilities improve capacity monitoring and reporting (1.10) Newly Limited funds and Assisting the Federal government, 2025-2030 Federal and State designated other facilities NPS in Agencies: Governments, national parks needed to fully establishing Supporting Agencies and establish the new the new development of Funding mechanisms; parks. national infrastructures; the Private sector and parks, fully. granting financial other donors resources and other facilities (1.11) 162 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources Integrated Weak government Ensuring Federal government, 2025-2030 Federal and State Coastal Zone partnership with International and Agencies: Governments, Management international Cooperation Supporting Agencies and (ICZM) development for coastal development of Funding mechanisms partners in coastal zone infrastructures; zone management; management granting financial by the resources and other Federal facilities government (1.12) Conservation Weak support for Supporting Federal government, 2025-2030 Federal government, Strategy for the actions in the actions in the and Agencies: and Agencies, and Biodiversity in Conservation Conservation Supporting other development the Niger Delta Strategy for Strategy for development of partners Biodiversity in the Biodiversity infrastructures; Niger Delta in the Niger granting financial Delta resources and other facilities (1.14) Individual 163 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/ Strategic responsibilities Actions resources Qualification; Farms, The use, misuse Providing Federal and State 2026 Federal and State Agricultural and dependence on training on and Agencies: governments, and technical Extension agrochemicals IPM practices Supporting Agencies; and other knowledge/skills; workers, degrade the to 7400 development of development partners Motivation, Incentives, Farmers environment and (200x37) infrastructures; and NGOs. Awards. create biodiversity agricultural granting financial loss Extension resources and other workers and facilities farmers in the States and FCT. Strengthening the Inadequate capacity of knowledge of the Extension workers importance of and farmers on the biodiversity in the importance of value ecosystem biodiversity value in services the ecosystem services 164 Table 17: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 2: By 2030, 30% of identified and prioritized degraded areas are under effective restoration programs Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/reso Actions responsibilities urces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/ leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. ORGANIZATIONAL Processes and LDN project Inability to Procuring additional 10 Federal 2025 - Federal government, Practices procure enough million appropriate government, and 2026 and Agencies; and seedlings seedlings for each project Agencies; the other Development Structure site to ensure enough Private sector and Partners Resources seedling supply other donors: Supporting development of 165 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/reso Actions responsibilities urces (1.2) infrastructures; granting resources and other facilities Manpower National Forest Establishing a National Federal 2025-2030 Federal government, and Vegetation Forest and Vegetation government, and Agencies, and Recovery Recovery Programme, Agencies; funding mechanisms; Programme and including mangroves and Development and other Mangrove and other coastal areas Partners: Development coastal area Supporting Partners recovery development of programme was infrastructures; not established granting because of lack resources and of funds other facilities (1.2; 2.3; 2.5) Federal The proposed Establishing dedicated Federal 2025-2030 Federal government, Ministry of National Rivers national rehabilitation government, and Agencies, and Niger Delta and Wetlands programmes to reduce Agencies; funding mechanisms; Rehabilitation pollution in Rivers and Development and other Programme, Wetlands Partners: Development linked to Supporting Partners reduction of development of pollutant could infrastructures; 166 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/reso Actions responsibilities urces not be granting established due resources and to lack of funds other facilities (2.4) NPS Poaching of Providing alternative Federal 2025-2026 Federal government, wild species in livelihood options such as government, and Agencies, and protected areas poultry, aquaculture, and Agencies; funding mechanisms; is rampant apiculture, to 100 IPLC Development and other members at each PA Partners: Development (2.6) Supporting Partners; Local development of NGOs infrastructures; granting resources and other facilities Illegal and Providing 500 Federal 2025 Federal and State; unsustainable community-based energy government, and Local NGOs; NPS collection of efficient production Agencies; Biodiversity funding firewood in facilities to IPLC members Development mechanism protected areas in each of the protected Partners: is rampant areas Supporting development of infrastructures; 167 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/reso Actions responsibilities urces granting resources and other facilities (2.7) Sectoral Lack of Providing one (1) operable Federal 2025-2025 Federal government, NBSAP focal dedicated, dedicated vehicles (one government, and and Agencies; points: operable each for DLD&DM for Agencies; Development Biodiversity vehicles for the monitoring of NBSAP Development Partners Working Group monitoring projects Partners: Supporting development of infrastructures; granting resources and other facilities GIS Lab Inadequate Providing adequate Federal 2025-2026 Federal government, equipment for equipment for GIS government, and and Agencies; GIS application application such as the Agencies; Development hardware, software, and Development Partners data collection equipment Partners: required Supporting development of (2.8) infrastructures; granting resources and 168 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/reso Actions responsibilities urces other facilities INDIVIDUAL Qualification; GIS Lab Inadequate Providing training to 740 Federal 2025 manpower for people in the Federal, government, and technical GIS application States and FCT on the use Agencies; Federal government, knowledge/skills; of Geographic Development and Agencies; Information Systems Partners: Development Motivation, Partners Incentives, Awards. (2.8) (GIS) to map the location Supporting and extent of areas under development of restoration infrastructures; granting resources and other facilities 169 Table 18: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 3: By 2030, 30% of land, seas and oceans are effectively protected and conserved including key biodiversity areas and Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs). Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. ORGANIZATIONAL Processes and Practices NPS; Designated Limited funding is Assessing the status Federal government, 2025- Federal government, and new National a constraint to the of biodiversity and Agencies: 2026 Agencies; and Development Structure Parks. complete resources in the Supporting Partners Resources assessment of the designated new development of status of National Parks infrastructures; biodiversity granting financial resources in the resources and other designated new facilities National Parks 170 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces (3.1; 3.2) NPS; Designated Limited funds for Preparing Federal government, 2025 Federal government, and new National preparing management plans and Agencies: Agencies; Funding Parks. management plans for the designated Supporting Mechanisms and for the designated New National Parks development of Development Partners New National infrastructures; Parks granting financial resources and other (3.1; 3.2) facilities Sectoral NBSAP Lack of dedicated Providing one (1) Federal government, 2025 Federal government, and Focal Point: operable vehicle dedicated operable and Agencies: Agencies; Development Biodiversity for monitoring the vehicle for NCF for Supporting Partners Working Group NBSAP projects monitoring the development of is a constraint NBSAP projects infrastructures; granting financial resources and other facilities INDIVIDUAL Qualification; NPS Insufficient Providing training Federal government, 2025 Federal government, and skilled manpower for skill acquisition and Agencies: Agencies; and Development technical for biodiversity on biodiversity Supporting Partners knowledge/skills; resources resources development of assessment assessment for 740 infrastructures; persons in the granting financial 171 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces Motivation, Incentives, States and FCT resources and other Awards. including women facilities (3.4) and IPLC members. NPS Inadequate skilled Providing training Federal government, 2025 Federal government, and manpower for the to 100 members of and Agencies: Agencies; and development preparation of staff of the NPS on Supporting Partners National Park how to prepare development of management plan National Park infrastructures; management plan granting financial resources and other (3.6; 3.7; 3.8; facilities 3.9;3.10) 172 Table 19: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 4: By 2030, threatened species are recovering, genetic diversity is being maintained and human-wildlife conflict is being managed in conservation areas Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices Tertiary Lack of enabling Establishing a national Federal government, 2025-2030 Federal government Institutions with funds to establish centre / institute for and Agencies: and Agencies and Structure courses related to the centre knowledge and Supporting Development Resources biodiversity sustainable Use of development of Partners Biodiversity infrastructures; granting financial resources and other (4.4) facilities Community Community Establishing/ Federal government, 2025-2026 Federal government, Herbal Centres Herbal centres are Rehabilitating and Agencies: and Agencies and not wide spread Community Herbal Supporting Development and existing ones Heritage Centres development of Partners infrastructures; 173 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces lack maintenance granting financial resources and other facilities (4.5; 4.7) PAs; Farms Wildlife from PAs Providing Federal government, 2026 Federal government, compensations and Agencies: and Agencies Enter farms in the (monetary or in-kind) Supporting surrounding for damages caused by development of communities and wildlife in and around infrastructures; destroy crops the PAs granting financial resources and other facilities (4.8) PAs Incessant Human- a)Developing conflict Federal government, 2025-2030 Federal government, wildlife conflicts mitigation strategies and Agencies: and Agencies that are threats to like providing life Supporting the existence of fencing or other development of both and the methods to protect infrastructures; environment crops granting financial resources and other b) Providing seeds of facilities alternative crops that (4.9; 4.10; 4.11; are not consumed by 4.12) the crop raiders to 174 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces affected communities Sectoral Focal Lack of dedicated Providing Two (2) (one Federal government, 2025 Federal government, Points on operable vehicles each for NABDA, and and Agencies: and Agencies and biodiversity: The that hinder FRIN, dedicated Supporting other donors Biodiversity monitoring operable vehicle for development of Working Group monitoring infrastructures; granting financial resources and other facilities Individual Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. 175 Table 20: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 5: By 2030, use, harvest, and trade of wild species are sustainable, safe and legal while mainstreaming customary sustainable use by local communities Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/ Federal government, and Federal leadership, Policy Agencies: Supporting government, & legal development of and Agencies, frameworks, infrastructures; granting and other incentive financial resources and development mechanisms, other facilities partners Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Dilapidated infrastructure Funds to Resuscitating the Federal government, and 2025-2026 Federal Practices resuscitate the Forest Utilization Agencies: Supporting government, Forest Utilization Centres in Benin, development of International Structure Centres are lacking Ibadan, and Jos: infrastructures; granting Governments Resources this has reactivating their financial resources and and Agencies; contributed to workshops other facilities Funding unsustainable use including their mechanisms of wood by wood mobile Saw workers Doctors’ workshops 176 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding (5.5; 5.10) Lack of operable vehicles Lack of operable Providing two (2) and Agencies; the Private 2025-2026 Agencies and dedicated for the vehicles dedicated (one each for sector and other donors: Funding monitoring of the NBSAP for the monitoring NIPRD, and Dept. Supporting development mechanisms; interventions weakened of the NBSAP of Fisheries of infrastructures; the Private monitoring of the interventions dedicated operable granting financial sector and implementation weakened vehicle for resources and other other donors monitoring of the monitoring facilities implementation Individual Qualification; Water bodies; Fish stocks are Training of 7400 Federal and State 2025 Federal and noticeably not (200x37) governments, State technical within biologically fishermen/women Department of Fisheries governments, knowledge/skills; sustainable levels in the States and and the private sector Department Motivation, FCT including (5.2) IPLC members on Incentives, Awards. sustainable fishing practices that reduce bycatch; Manpower Inadequate skill Conducting training Federal government, and 2025 Federal for carrying out to 740 staff of Agencies: Supporting government, risk assessment on wildlife development of and Agencies the spread of management in the infrastructures; granting zoonotic diseases Federal, States, and financial resources and FCT on risk 177 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding (5.4) assessment on the other facilities spread of zoonotic diseases through wild animal species Manpower Inadequate Training 740 Federal and State 2025 Federal and knowledge and members of staff of governments, State skill to implement the wildlife division Department of Fisheries governments, CITES of Federal and State and the private sector Department Forestry on the (5.3; 5.12) implementation of CITES 178 Table 21: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 6: By 2030, invasive alien species and their pathways are identified and prioritized and priority species controlled, and measures are put in place to manage pathways across the ecological zones Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/ Project on IAS Lack of a national Establishing a Federal Government; and 2025 Federal leadership, Policy & framework for the national framework FDF: Funding and Government; legal frameworks, control and for the control and Developing policies, UNEP; GEF; incentive mechanisms, management of management of laws, rules and norms Private Sectors Accountability Invasive Alien Invasive Alien relevant to official frameworks, budget Species Species governance procedure in allocations, etc. Nigeria (6.2; 6.3) Organizational Processes and Practices Border Control Posts Weak funding of Providing stronger Federal Government, and 2025 Federal the NAQS that funding to Agencies; the Private government, and Structure manages the strengthen the sector and other donors: Agencies; and other Resources Nigerian borders capacity of the Supporting development donors that are extensive Nigerian of infrastructures; and can be sources Agricultural granting financial of entry for IAS if Quarantine Services resources and other they are not Department for facilities: Supporting effectively covered effective border development of control infrastructures; granting 179 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding financial resources and other facilities (6.1; 6.3) IAS project Funding of Strengthening Federal Government, and 2024-2026 Federal research is weak research on the Agencies; the Private Government and and can lead to impacts of IAS and sector and other donors: Agencies; the non-detection of Revising the Supporting development Private sector and IAS incidence existing baseline on of infrastructures; other donors IAS status with granting financial stronger funding resources and other (6.5) facilities: Supporting development of infrastructures; granting financial resources and other facilities Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing one (1) Federal and State a 2024-2026 Federal and State, Focal Points vehicles dedicated dedicated operable governments and Agencies and (members of the for the monitoring vehicle for NAQS Agencies; the Private Funding Biodiversity Working of the NBSAP for monitoring sector and other donors: mechanisms; the Group) interventions Supporting development Private sector and weakened of infrastructures; other donors monitoring of the granting financial implementation resources and other facilities Individual 180 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding Qualification; Crafts that use IAS IAS spreads fast to Providing training Federal government, 2025 Federal the detriment of to 740 (20x37) State government; government, State technical indigenous species IPLC members in Private sectors, and government; knowledge/skills; the States and FCT NGOs Supporting Private sectors, and Motivation, Incentives, on the utilization of development of NGOs Awards. (6.4) IAS in Nigeria infrastructure Table 22: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 7: By 2030, pollution is reduced, halving nutrient loss and pesticide risk in final deposition) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/ National water Weak water quality Strengthening Federal Government; and 2025 Federal Government; leadership, Policy & quality guidelines guideline national water FMWR: Funding and UNEP; GEF; Private legal frameworks, quality guidelines by Developing policies, Sectors incentive mechanisms, mobilizing financial laws, rules and norms Accountability (7.3) resources to support relevant to official frameworks, budget it. governance procedure in allocations, etc. Nigeria Organizational Processes and Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing two (2) Federal and State 2024-2026 Federal and State 181 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces Practices Focal Points vehicles dedicated (one each for Governments and governments, (members of the for the monitoring of FMAFS and FMWR Agencies; the Private Agencies and Structure Biodiversity the NBSAP dedicated operable sector and other donors: Funding mechanisms; Resources Working Group) interventions vehicle for Supporting development the Private sector and weakened monitoring; of infrastructures; other donors monitoring of the granting financial implementation resources and other facilities Individual Qualification; Hazardous waste Dangerous exposure Educating people in The Federal government; 2025 Federal and State to and indiscriminate the country on and Agencies; the Private Governments, technical disposal of proper handling and sector and other donors: Agencies and knowledge/skills; hazardous waste disposal of Supporting development Funding mechanisms; (7.1; 7.2; 7.9; Motivation, 7.10) hazardous materials of infrastructures; the Private sector and Incentives, Awards. in workplaces granting financial other donors resources and other facilities Farms; Inappropriate Training 7400 The Federal government; 2025 Federal and State Agricultural fertilizer application (200x37) farmers in and Agencies; the Private Governments, Extension the States and FCT sector and other donors: Agencies and workers on best practices in Supporting development Funding mechanisms; (7.8) fertilizer use of infrastructures; the Private sector and granting financial other donors resources and other 182 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces facilities Farms; Homes; Dependence on Training 11100 The Federal government; 2025 Governments, Pest infestation chemical pesticide (300x37) farmers and Agencies; the Private Agencies and use to the detriment and other individuals sector and other donors: Funding mechanisms; of human health and in the States and Supporting development the Private sector and the environment FCT on of infrastructures; other donors implementing granting financial Integrated Pest resources and other (7.7) Management (IPM) facilities strategies that prioritize the use of non-chemical methods in pest control 183 Table 23: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 8: By 2030, impacts of Climate Change in Nigeria, and Ocean Acidification in the Coastal Zones, are minimized through ecosystem-based approaches) Capacity needs and actions in this target may have been addressed in the previous targets, especially Targets 1, 2, and 4. Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, ESIAs The ESIAs have Strengthening and Federal Government; 2025 Federal Policy & legal frameworks, weak provisions that implementing the and Government; incentive mechanisms, aid promotion of provisions of UNEP; GEF; Accountability frameworks, biodiversity and ESIAs to aid the EA Dept: Funding and Private Sectors budget allocations, etc. ecosystem service promotion of Developing policies, values. biodiversity and laws, rules and norms ecosystem service relevant to official values governance procedure in Nigeria (8.1) Organizational Processes and Practices Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing one (1) Federal and State 2024- Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated for dedicated operable Governments and 2026 Governments, Structure (members of the the monitoring of the vehicle for Agencies; the Private Agencies and Resources Biodiversity NBSAP interventions monitoring to the sector and other Funding Technical weakened monitoring Ministry of the donors: Supporting mechanisms; the Committee) of the Niger Delta; development of Private sector and implementation infrastructures; other donors granting financial resources and other facilities 184 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Individual Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. Table 24: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 9: By 2030, wild species are sustainably managed and utilized for the benefits of the people.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices FDF with few basic Lack of Provision of Federal and State 2025-2026 Federal and State infrastructure appropriate adequate number of Governments and Governments, Structure modern appropriate modern Agencies; the Private Agencies and 185 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Resources biodiversity biodiversity sector and other Funding resources survey resources survey donors: Supporting mechanisms; the equipment equipment such as development of Private sector and the Remote Sensing infrastructures; other donors and Aerial Survey granting financial Tools, Navigation resources and other and Mapping Tools, facilities Camera and Imaging Equipment, Bioacoustic Monitoring Tools, Environmental Sampling Equipment, Molecular Tools, Digital and Data Collection Tools, and Support Equipment Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Facilitating Federal and State 2025-2026 Federal and State Focal Points vehicles movement of the Governments and Governments, (members of the dedicated for the NBTC members Agencies; the Private Agencies and NBTC) monitoring of the during monitoring in sector and other Funding NBSAP the States donors: Supporting mechanisms; the interventions development of Private sector and weakened infrastructures; other donors monitoring of the granting financial 186 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities implementation resources and other facilities Individual Qualification; Members of staff of Inadequate Training of 740 Federal and State 2025 Federal and State FDF and the IPLC technical members of staff of Governments and Governments, technical knowledge/skills; knowledge/skill FDF and the IPLC to Agencies; the Private Agencies and Motivation, Incentives, in the use of acquire adequate sector and other Funding Awards. modern technical donors: Supporting mechanisms; the biodiversity knowledge/skill in development of Private sector and resources survey the use of modern infrastructures; other donors equipment biodiversity granting financial resources survey resources and other equipment facilities Members of IPLC Inadequate Training of 3700 Federal and State Federal and State that manage technical (100x37) members Governments and Governments, conservation areas knowledge/skill of the IPLC to Agencies; the Private 2025-2026 Agencies and in the sustainable acquire adequate sector and other Funding management of technical donors: Supporting mechanisms; the their local knowledge/skill in development of Private sector and conservation the sustainable infrastructures; other donors areas management of their granting financial local conservation resources and other areas facilities 187 Table 25: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 10: By 2030, 50% of prioritized areas each under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, and bio-friendly practices.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeli Sources of capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ne Funding ces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, The National The revised National Enactment of the Federal Government; 2025 Federal Policy & legal frameworks, Forest Policy Forest Policy not National Forestry and FDF Funding and Government; incentive mechanisms, published Bill to give legal Developing policies, UNEP; GEF; Accountability frameworks, backing to National laws, rules and norms Private Sectors budget allocations, etc. Forest Policy relevant to official (10.8; 10.9) governance procedure in Nigeria Organizational Processes and Practices Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing one (1) Federal and State 2024- Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated for dedicated operable Governments and 2026 Governments, Structure (NBTC) the monitoring of the vehicle to FML Agencies; the Private Agencies and Resources NBSAP interventions &Survey for sector and other donors: Funding weakened monitoring monitoring; Supporting mechanisms; the of the implementation development of Private sector and infrastructures; granting other donors financial resources and other facilities Individual 188 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeli Sources of capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ne Funding ces Qualification; IPLC Specialized skill and Providing training to Federal and State 2025 Federal and State knowledge in natural strengthen the governments, and governments, and technical knowledge/skills; regeneration of capacities of 7400 Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other Motivation, Incentives, wetlands, arid zone (100x37) Indigenous development of development Awards. vegetation, forests, Peoples and Local infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs mangroves are weak Communities financial resources and members in the other facilities States and FCT to (10.7) participate in natural regeneration of wetlands, arid zone vegetation, forests, mangroves & other priorities identified Farmers Specialized skill and Providing training to Federal and State 2025 Federal and State knowledge on IPM strengthen the governments, and governments, and and organic farming capacities of 11100 Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other practices are weak (300x37) farmers in development of development the States and FCT infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs to implement IPM financial resources and (10.1; 10.11) practices and organic other facilities farming. Fish Farmers and Specialized skill and Providing training to Federal and State 2025 Federal and State Fishermen knowledge in strengthen the governments, governments, aquaculture and capacities of 11100 International International 189 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeli Sources of capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ne Funding ces sustainable fisheries (300x37) fish Governments and Governments and are weak farmers and Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other fishermen in the development of development States and FCT to infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs (10.2; 10.3) implement financial resources and sustainable fisheries other facilities management practices that avoid bycatch Forestry Specialized skill and Providing training to Federal and State 2025 Federal and State practitioners knowledge in strengthen the governments, and governments, and agroforestry and capacities of 3700 Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other sustainable (100x37) forestry development of development management practitioners in the infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs practices are weak States and FCT to financial resources and adopt agroforestry, other facilities and sustainable (10.4;10.5; 10.12; forest management 10.13) practices. 190 Table 26: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 11: By 2030, nature’s contributions to people are restored, maintained and enhanced through Nature-based solutions in Nigeria) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices Sectoral NBSAP Focal Lack of operable Providing one Federal and State 2024- Federal and State Points (members of the vehicles dedicated operable Governments and 2026 Governments, Structure Biodiversity Working dedicated for the vehicle for NGOs Agencies; the Agencies and Resources Group) monitoring of the for monitoring Private sector and Funding NBSAP other donors: mechanisms; the interventions Supporting Private sector and weakened development of other donors monitoring of the infrastructures; implementation granting financial resources and other facilities (11.1) Individual Qualification; FRIN staff Specialized skill Providing training Federal and State 2025- Federal and State 191 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities and knowledge on to strengthen the governments, and 2027 governments, and in-situ capacity of 100 Agencies: Agencies; and other technical knowledge/skills; conservation of members of staff of Supporting development Motivation, Incentives, Wild relatives of FRIN to carry out development of partners and NGOs Awards. cultivated plants; in-situ conservation infrastructures; and domesticated of Wild relatives of granting financial animals are weak cultivated plants; resources and other and domesticated facilities animals. (11.2) Table 27: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 12: By 2030, creation of urban green and blue spaces is enhanced for human well-being in all the States and the FCT 192 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices Access points Most access points to Enhancing access Federal, State 2024-2030 Federal government, existing green and points to 740 (20x37) governments, MDAs State government, Structure blue spaces have no existing green and developing structures, NGOs; and Resources provision for persons blue spaces in the processes, resources Development with disabilities States and FCT and management Partners ensuring they are issues available for all, (12.4) including the elderly and people with disabilities. Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing one (1) Federal and State 2024-2026 Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated for dedicated operable Governments and Governments, (members of the the monitoring of the vehicle to FMH&UD Agencies; the Private Agencies and Biodiversity NBSAP interventions for monitoring sector and other Funding Working Group) weakened monitoring donors: Supporting mechanisms; the 193 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces of the implementation development of Private sector and infrastructures; other donors granting financial resources and other facilities Individual Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. 194 Table 28: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 13 By 2030, effective legal, policy, administrative, and capacity building measures are put in place to enhance the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from: the utilization of genetic resources; sequence information on genetic resources; and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources at all levels.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, ABS Policy The ABS has only Developing a Federal Government; 2025 Federal Policy & legal the policy and there National ABS and Government; UNEP; frameworks, incentive is no national framework and legal GEF; Private Sectors mechanisms, framework or legal instrument FDF: Funding and Accountability instrument yet. Developing policies, frameworks, budget laws, rules and norms allocations, etc. relevant to official governance procedure (13.1) in Nigeria Organizational Processes and Practices ABS Unit in the Lack of an Developing a national Federal and State 2025-2026 Federal and State Conservation institutional ABS institutional government; MDAs; governments; Structure Division of FDF structure for the structure that will UNEP; GEF; and the MDAs; UNEP; Resources ABS unit. enable proper private sectors, GEF; and the private coordination with developing structures, sector other national and processes, resources (13.2) international bodies and management. and ensure development 195 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities ABS Unit in the Lack of a national Developing and Federal and State 2025-2026 Federal and State Conservation ABS operational implementing a government; MDAs; governments; Division of FDF structure in the national ABS UNEP; GEF; and the MDAs; UNEP; ABS unit operational structure private sectors, GEF; and the private that provides clarity of developing structures, sector position, role and processes, resources (13.4) responsibility and management. ABS Unit in the Lack of DSI Strengthening the Developing a Digital 2025 -2026 Federal and State Conservation laboratory with institution by Sequencing governments, Division of FDF state of art providing Digital Information laboratory International equipment to sequencing with suitable Governments and process field information equipment equipment Agencies to be able to analyse results Individual Qualification; Manpower Simplicity is Providing knowledge Federal and State 2026 Federal and State desired in ABS and skill acquisition in governments, and governments and technical matters especially genetic resources, Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other knowledge/skills; in DSI so that Digital Sequence development of development Motivation, Incentives, everybody will Information (DSI), infrastructures; partners and NGOs. Awards understand and and associated granting financial appreciate the traditional knowledge resources and other processes. to people at all levels facilities 196 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities through workshops, seminars and (13.6) conferences at both local and international levels. Table 29: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 14: By 2030, national accounting to fully integrate multiple values of biodiversity into decision-making frameworks within and across all levels of government and across all sectors is developed.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resourc Actions responsibilities es ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices Legislature Biodiversity is not Hosting annual Federal Government: 2025 Federal appreciated by the National Forum on Funding and Government; UNEP; 197 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resourc Actions responsibilities es Structure law makers and Biodiversity for Developing policies, GEF; Private Sectors other sectors of the legislators and other laws, rules and norms Resources economy sectors of the relevant to official economy governance procedure in Nigeria (14.4) Nigerian citizens Values of Hosting an annual Federal Government: 2025 Federal biodiversity are not National Biodiversity Funding and Government; UNEP; appreciated by many dialogue/conference, Developing policies, GEF; Private Sectors citizens and Press Conference laws, rules and norms relevant to official governance procedure (14.5) in Nigeria Natural capital The capital accruing Conducting Federal Government: 2025 Federal from ecology is not Economic Valuation Funding and Government; UNEP; appreciated of Biodiversity and Developing policies, GEF; Private Sectors national studies on laws, rules and norms (14.8) ‘The Economics of relevant to official Ecosystems and governance procedure Biodiversity’ in Nigeria Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Facilitating the Federal and State 2024-2026 Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated movement of Focal Governments and Governments, (members of the for the monitoring of Points engaged in Agencies; the Private Agencies and NBTC ) the NBSAP sector and other Funding 198 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resourc Actions responsibilities es interventions monitoring donors: Supporting mechanisms; the weakened development of Private sector and monitoring of the infrastructures; other donors implementation granting financial resources and other facilities (14.9) Individual Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. 199 Table 30: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 15: By 2030, legal and administrative measures are put in place to ensure that large and transnational companies, financial institutions and other businesses assess and publicly disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks; and reduce negative impacts) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resou Actions responsibilities rces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Businesses The lack of clear Developing and Federal Government: 2025 Federal Government; Policy & legal biodiversity implementing policy Funding and UNEP; GEF; Private frameworks, incentive conservation policy measures to encourage Developing policies, Sectors mechanisms, measures on the and enable businesses to laws, rules and norms Accountability operations of conserve biodiversity relevant to official frameworks, budget businesses governance procedure allocations, etc. in Nigeria (15.1) Organizational Processes, Structures, Businesses The lack of Developing, producing Federal, State 2025 Federal government, and Practices simplified and easily and distributing assorted governments, MDAs: State government; accessible means of handbills identifying developing structures, NGOs; Development information for biodiversity processes, resources Partners business people has dependence, and management negative impact. biodiversity-related risks to business, and negative and positive (15.3) impacts of business on biodiversity for each of 200 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resou Actions responsibilities rces the businesses Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing one (1) Federal and State 2024-2026 Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated dedicated operable Governments and Governments, (members of the for the monitoring of vehicle for NESREA for Agencies; the Private Agencies and Biodiversity the NBSAP monitoring sector and other Funding mechanisms; Working Group) interventions donors: Supporting the Private sector and weakened development of other donors monitoring of the infrastructures; implementation granting financial resources and other (15.5) facilities Individual Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. 201 Table 31: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 16: By 2030, Sustainable consumption choices are enabled, and food waste across the agricultural value chain are reduced.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Measures on food Lack of clear policy Developing policy that Federal Government: 2025 Federal Policy & legal waste and waste that addresses food addresses food waste and Funding and Government; UNEP; frameworks, incentive generation waste and waste waste generation Developing policies, GEF; Private Sectors mechanisms, generation laws, rules and norms Accountability relevant to official frameworks, budget governance allocations, etc. (16.1) procedure in Nigeria Consumption and Lack of a National Developing a National Federal Government: 2025 Federal Production Strategy and Action Strategy and Action Plan Funding and Government; UNEP; patterns Plan for Sustainable for Sustainable Developing policies, GEF; Private Sectors Consumption and Consumption and laws, rules and norms Production that Production to promote relevant to official (16.2) promotes consumption patterns governance consumption procedure in Nigeria patterns Organizational Processes and Practices Available food Available food is Conducting campaigns in Federal, State 2024-2030 Federal government, being wasted for each State and FCT to governments, MDAs State government; Structure lack of awareness on raise awareness about developing structures, Development how consumers can food waste and providing processes, resources 202 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces Resources (16.3) minimize waste at tips on how consumers and management Partners home through meal can minimize waste at issues planning and proper home through meal storage planning and proper storage Waste generated Lack of awareness Conducting educational Federal, State 2024-2030 Federal government, about the importance campaigns in each State governments, MDAs State government; of recycling and FCT to raise developing structures, Development (16.4) practices, and awareness about the processes, resources Partners environmental importance of recycling and management benefits of recycling practices, and issues to encourage environmental benefits of behaviour change. recycling to encourage behaviour change. Individual Qualification; Waste generated People lack Providing training for Federal and State 2026 Federal and State knowledge on how people on waste governments, and governments and technical they can separate separation at the Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other knowledge/skills; waste and properly community and development of development (16.5) Motivation, Incentives, sort recyclable organizational levels in infrastructures; partners and NGOs. Awards. materials from food all the States and FCT to granting financial waste, making it encourage proper sorting resources and other easier to recycle and of recyclable materials facilities divert waste from from food waste, making 203 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resour Actions responsibilities ces landfills it easier to recycle and divert waste from landfills Farms People lack Providing training to Federal and State and 2026 Federal and State knowledge on farmers in all the States Agencies: Supporting governments and sustainable farming and FCT on sustainable development of Agencies; and other practices that farming practices that infrastructures; development improve soil health, improve soil health, granting financial partners and NGOs. reduce chemical reduce chemical inputs, resources and other inputs, and increase and increase soil facilities soil resilience, resilience, thereby thereby reducing reducing both food waste both food waste and and poverty. poverty (16.6) 204 Table 32: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 17: By 2030, biosafety measures are strengthened in Nigeria and benefits arising from safe biotechnology using Nigeria’s genetic resources are equitably, accessible and distributed.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s Enabling Environment (Governance/leadership, 1.National Biosafety Strengthening of 1.Review 1.Review meetings 2025-2026 Federal Government; Policy & legal Management the National meetings (NBMA and Stakeholders) UNEP; GEF; frameworks, incentive Agency (NBMA) Biosafety Policy mechanisms, Act, 2015 (as 2. validation Private Sectors meetings 2. validation meetings and Accountability amended) Public presentation frameworks, budget 3. FEC approval allocations, etc. (NBMA and Stakeholders) 2.National biosafety 4.Printing 3. FEC approval policy 5. Public presentation (Federal Executive Council(FEC) 6.Gazetting 4.Printing(NBMA) 5. Gazetting (Federal Government) Federal and State Governments: Funding and Developing policies, laws, rules and norms relevant to official governance procedure 205 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s in Nigeria 3.Biosafety 1.Strengthening 1.Review 1.Review meetings (NBMA, 2025-2030 Federal Government; regulatory of existing meetings Stakeholders) UNEP; GEF; frameworks regulatory instruments 2.Validation and 2.Validation(NBMA, Private Sectors Printing Stakeholders) 2.Development of new 3.Printing(NBMA) regulatory instruments 1.National budgetary Increased 1.Liaise with 1.Liaise with budget office to 2025-2027 Federal Government; allocation budget for budget office to raise budget ceiling for the UNEP; GEF; biosafety raise budget implementation of National measures ceiling for the biosafety framework (FMEnv Private Sectors implementation of NBMA) 2.liaise with GEF National biosafety operational focal point for framework consideration of biosafety budgets under GEF (NBMA) 2.liaise with GEF operational focal point for consideration of 206 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s biosafety budgets under GEF Organizational Processes and Practices 1.Sensitization (NBMA, NUC) 2025-2030 Federal government Accredited Increased 1.Sensitizing and other Universities, participation of Universities, development Research Institutes, in safe research partners biotechnological institutes and 2.Biosafety and research that researchers on the Biotechnology uses genetic need to experts resources participate in safe provided by biotechnological Nigeria research that uses genetic resources provided by Nigeria 2025-2028 Federal Government, NBMA GMO Upgrading of 1.Structural 1.Structural Expansion International Detection and the NBMA Expansion (NBMA) Partners, Private Analysis Laboratory Laboratory to 2. Upgrading of 2. Upgrading of the Laboratory Sector, GEF ISO 17025 the Laboratory with up-to-date equipment with up-to-date (NBMA) 207 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s equipment 3.ISO certification of the Laboratory (NBMA) 3.ISO certification of 4.Capacity building (NBMA) the Laboratory 2025-2030 Federal government, NBMA, Nagoya 1.Strengthening 1.Development of 1.Development of guidelines and other Kuala-Lumpur the established guidelines on on NKLSP(NBMA) development supplementary system for NKLSP 2.Sensitization of operators on partners protocol(NKLSP) implementation 2.Sensitization of liability and redress arising ratified of the NKLSP operators on from the use of GMO(NBMA) (compensation liability and of damage to redress arising conservation from the use of and sustainable GMO use of biodiversity resulting from the application of modern biotechnology) Structure Organogram; Human Developing Developing an Federal Government; NBMA: 2026 Federal Government 208 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s resources management effective Developing structures, structure operational processes, resources and biosafety management issues. management with clear mandate Resources Infrastructures Inadequate Providing/ The Federal Government; the 2024-2025 The Federal infrastructural Developing Private sector and other Government; the facilities in facilities by donors: Supporting Private sector and NBMA constructing/reno development of infrastructures; other donors vating granting financial resources infrastructural and other facilities facilities in the National Biosafety Management Agency Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Providing one (1) the federal government, the 2024-2026 Federal Government Focal Points vehicles dedicated Private sector and other and Funding (members of the dedicated for the operable vehicle donors: Supporting mechanisms; the Biodiversity monitoring of for NBMA for development of infrastructures; Private sector and Technical the NBSAP monitoring; granting financial resources other donors Committee) interventions and other facilities weakened monitoring of the 209 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s implementation GMO Detection and Inadequate Establishing more Federal government; 2025-2030 Federal government; Analysis Laboratory number of GMO GMO Detection Development Partners, the Development Detection and and Analysis Private sector and other Partners and Analysis laboratory donors: Supporting Agencies; the laboratory development of infrastructures; Private sector and granting financial resources other donors and other facilities Available biosafety Poor on-the-spot 1. Continuous Federal government; 2025-2030 Federal government; enforcement officers means of procurement of Development Partners and Development to conduct on the detecting GMOs rapid detection Agencies; the Private sector Partners and spot GMO detection rapidly kits for GMOs. and other donors: Supporting Agencies; the wherever they development of infrastructures; Private sector and exist granting financial resources other donors and other facilities Individual Qualification; Federal Governments, Federal Government; Human capital with Inadequate Developing 2025-2028 Development Partners, and Development technical skills technical skills Technical Skills other donors. Partners and other knowledge/skills; on biosafety by on biosafety by donors. members of staff providing training Motivation, Incentives, of NBMA and to 100 members Awards. some of staff of NBMA stakeholders on and 50 210 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s technical stakeholders on measures for technical restoration and measures for compensation restoration and for damages compensation for resulting from damages resulting the application from the and use of application and modern use of modern biotechnology biotechnology Federal government; Federal government; Available biosafety Poor on-the-spot Training of 2025-2030 Development Partners and Development enforcement officers means of biosafety Agencies; the Private sector Partners and to conduct on the detecting GMOs enforcement and other donors: Supporting Agencies; the spot GMO detection rapidly officers in the use development of infrastructures; Private sector and wherever they and application of granting financial resources other donors rapid detection and other facilities kits for GMOs Federal government; Federal government; Universities; Biotechnologica Supporting 2025-2030 Development Partners and Development Research Institutions l research opportunities for Agencies; the Private sector Partners and 50 Nigerian and other donors: Providing Agencies; the researchers to and supporting training of Private sector and participate in personnel and people in areas other donors. biotechnological of need. researches that 211 Existing Capacity needs Priority Roles and responsibilities Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resource Strategic Actions s are using genetic resources provided by Nigeria Table 33: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 18: By 2026, 50% of agricultural subsidies and incentives that are harmful to biodiversity are identified and progressively reformed, redirected or repurposed; and 100% reformed, redirected or repurposed by 2030) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Subsidies; incentives Existence of subsidies To reform, redirect, or Federal 2025 Federal Policy & legal and incentives that are repurpose all subsidies Government; Government; frameworks, incentive harmful to biodiversity and other incentives that Funding and UNEP; GEF; mechanisms, are harmful to Developing policies, 212 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding Accountability biodiversity by 2030. laws, rules and Private Sectors frameworks, budget norms relevant to allocations, etc. (18.1) official governance procedure in Nigeria Organizational Processes and Practices Subsidies; incentives Positive incentives and Scaling up of positive Federal, State 2024- Federal subsidies help to incentives/subsidies for governments, 2030 government, State Structure promote the the conservation and MDAs: developing government; Resources conservation and sustainable use of structures, processes, Development sustainable use of biodiversity. resources and Partners biodiversity. management (18.4) Sectoral NBSAP Focal Lack of operable Providing one (1) Federal and State 2024- Federal and State Points (members of vehicles dedicated for dedicated operable Governments and 2026 Governments, the Biodiversity the monitoring of the vehicle for NASS for Agencies; the Agencies and Working Group) NBSAP interventions monitoring; Private sector and Funding weakened monitoring other donors: mechanisms; the of the implementation Supporting Private sector and development of other donors infrastructures; granting financial resources and other facilities Individual 213 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding Qualification; technical knowledge/skills; Motivation, Incentives, Awards. 214 Table 34: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 19: By 2030, a national biodiversity finance plan to mobilize financial resources from all sources is developed.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices Ecosystem Services Weak private sector Establishing a national Federal government, 2025- Federal investment and procedure for Payment and Agencies: 2030 government, and Structure corporate social for Ecosystem Services Supporting Agencies, and Resources support to Nigeria’s (PES) to enhance private development of other biodiversity sector investment and infrastructures; development protection corporate social support granting financial partners to Nigeria’s biodiversity resources and other protection facilities Biodiversity concerns Weakness and Establishing a national Federal government, 2025- Federal and interventions and uncertainty of funding mechanism for and Agencies: 2027 government and the Nigerian citizens national funding for biodiversity to ensure Supporting Agencies, and biodiversity in regular and adequate development of other resource mobilization; infrastructures; development 215 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding Nigeria. resource utilization and granting financial partners accountability for resources and other biodiversity in Nigeria. facilities (19.2) Inadequate capacity to Strengthening Providing institutional Federal government, 2025- Federal and mobilize resources capacity of collaboration for and Agencies: 2027 Agencies, and training on how to organization to prepare proposals for Supporting other mobilize resources obtaining Grants, etc. development of development infrastructures; partners granting financial Providing institutional resources and other collaboration for facilities training on networking and partnership building Individual Qualification; Work force Work force lack Providing training for Federal government, 2024- Federal individuals with 100 Nigerians to and Agencies: 2030 government, and technical knowledge and develop skills in natural Supporting Agencies, and knowledge/skills; expertise in the resources economics. development of other Motivation, Incentives, economies of infrastructures; development Awards. ecosystem services granting financial partners and biodiversity resources and other facilities 216 Table 35: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 20: By 2030, capacity development, technical and scientific cooperation are increased for biodiversity promotion, and for implementing NBSAP.) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Actions Roles and Timelin Sources of capacities/resources responsibilities e Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/ leadership, Policy & legal frameworks, incentive mechanisms, Accountability frameworks, budget allocations, etc. Organizational Processes and Practices Training Modules Lack of training guides Developing training guides Federal and State 2026 Federal and and Guides and modules dedicated and modules for prioritized governments, and State Structure for NBSAP capacity building needs in Agencies: Supporting Governments Resources implementation NBSAP implementations development of and Agencies; infrastructures; and other granting financial development (20.2; 20.5) resources and other partners and facilities NGOs. Individual Qualification; Published NBSAP Many individuals Building capacity of 300 Federal and State 2026 Federal and priority actions implementing NBSAP government officials and governments, and State technical lack capacity to individuals for prioritized Agencies: Supporting governments, knowledge/skills; 217 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Actions Roles and Timelin Sources of capacities/resources responsibilities e Funding Motivation, Incentives, implement some of the NBSAP implementation development of and Agencies; Awards. priority interventions capacity development infrastructures; and other needs in relevant granting financial development organizations including resources and other partners and (20.3) NGO’s through meetings, facilities NGOs. seminars and conferences both locally and internationally Table 36: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 21: By 2030, actions are taken to ensure biodiversity data, information, and knowledge are revised and available for decision-making) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Existing data Lack of Developing Open- Federal Government; 2025 Federal Policy & legal published Open- Access and open data and Government; frameworks, incentive Access and Open- policies to facilitate UNEP; GEF; mechanisms, data policies and support easier FDF: Funding and Private Sectors Accountability access. Developing policies, frameworks, budget laws, rules and norms allocations, etc. relevant to official (21.3) governance procedure in Nigeria Organizational 218 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding Processes and Practices Universities; Inadequate number Supporting research Federal government; 2024-2026 Federal Research institutions of researches and and innovation and Agencies; the government; Structure innovations on required to generate Private sector and Agencies and Resources generation of data, necessary data, other donors: Funding information, and information, and Supporting mechanisms; knowledge knowledge. development of the Private supported, infrastructures; sector and published granting financial other donors resources and other facilities (21.10) Available biodiversity Data on Conducting a Federal government; 2024-2026 Federal data biodiversity National Biodiversity and Agencies; the government; resources are Resources Private sector and Agencies and obsolete and not Assessment to other donors: Funding comprehensive and increase the level of Supporting mechanisms; sometimes not standardisation and development of the Private digitized interoperability infrastructures; sector and among existing data, granting financial other donors tools and platforms resources and other (21.1; 21.2) facilities Individual 219 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding Qualification; Fewer number of Conducting and Federal and State 2026 Federal and capacity building implementing governments and State technical activities to capacity-building Agencies: Supporting governments, knowledge/skills; educate experts and programmes on development of and Agencies; Motivation, Incentives, researchers on the Knowledge infrastructures; and other Awards. methodologies of management; and granting financial development assessing the training 100 experts resources and other partners and proportion of and researchers in facilities NGOs. known species species assessment through the IUCN methodologies to Red List of expand the coverage Threatened Species of species assessed on the IUCN Red List. (21.7) 220 Table 37: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 22: By 2030, actions are taken to ensure active participation, justice, and rights of local communities, women, youth, persons with disabilities and environmental defenders in the decision-making process, and in the implementation of the NBSAP) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (Governance/leadership, Land rights; Legal Few number of Establishing Legal aid Federal Government: 2025 Federal Policy & legal documents programmes Funding and Developing Government; UNEP; frameworks, incentive Indigenous specifically tailored to policies, laws, rules and GEF; Private Sectors mechanisms, peoples and local assist indigenous norms relevant to Accountability community peoples and local official governance frameworks, budget members, women, community members, procedure in Nigeria allocations, etc. youth, persons women, youth, persons with disabilities, with disabilities, and and environmental environmental defenders secure defenders in securing land rights and their land rights and obtains legally obtaining legally recognized recognized documentation. documentation (22.12) PAs; Communities Inadequate Developing a national Federal Government: 2025-2027 Federal around PAs; involvement and framework and Funding and Developing Government; UNEP; Ecotourism participation of mechanism for policies, laws, rules and GEF; Private Sectors communities community norms relevant to 221 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities living around PAs participation in official governance in ecotourism ecotourism planning procedure in Nigeria and development (22.4) Public Service Lack of all- Formulating policies Federal Government: 2025-2026 Federal policies; citizens inclusive policies that mandate a certain Funding and Developing Government; UNEP; in the public percentage of public policies, laws, rules and GEF; Private Sectors service, which service positions to be norms relevant to ensure that filled by individuals official governance individuals from from underrepresented procedure in Nigeria underrepresented demographics, ensuring demographics are fair representation in fairly represented government roles in government roles (22.7) Organizational Processes and Practices Environmental Low Providing legal, Federal government; 2024-2026 Federal defenders representation rate financial, and and Agencies; the government; Structure of environmental educational support to Private sector and other Agencies and Resources defenders in environmental donors: Supporting Funding national and local defenders to ensure development of mechanisms; the institutional they have the means to infrastructures; granting Private sector and positions participate in national financial resources and other donors compared to other and local decision- 222 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities population groups making bodies other facilities due to lack of funds (22.9) Vibrant youths in Low sustainable Creating youth Federal government; 2024-2026 Federal communities biodiversity biodiversity and Agencies; the government; conservation ambassador programs Private sector and other Agencies and efforts by to foster young leaders donors: Supporting Funding community who can advocate for development of mechanisms; the members. biodiversity infrastructures; granting Private sector and conservation within financial resources and other donors their communities other facilities (22.11; 22.13; 22.14;22.16) Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Facilitating movement Federal and State 2024-2026 Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated of the members of the Governments and Governments, (members of the for the monitoring NBTC engaged in Agencies; the Private Agencies and NBTC) of the NBSAP monitoring sector and other donors: Funding interventions Supporting development mechanisms; the weakened of infrastructures; Private sector and monitoring of the granting financial other donors implementation resources and other facilities Individual 223 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of Funding capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Qualification; Underrepresented Deprivation of the Providing leadership Federal and State 2025 Federal and State segment of the underrepresented training to enhance the governments, and governments, and technical society demographics in ability of 50 each of Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other knowledge/skills; decision-making women, youth, persons development of development Motivation, Incentives, with disabilities, and infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs. Awards. environmental financial resources and (22.7) defenders to influence other facilities decision-making processes Underrepresented Lack of capacity Offering training Federal and State 2025 Federal and State segment of the of the programs for 50 each governments, and governments, and society underrepresented of women, youth, Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other demographics to persons with development of development participate in disabilities, and infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs. biodiversity environmental financial resources and conservation, legal defenders on other facilities rights, and policy biodiversity making conservation, legal rights, and participation (22.5; 22.13) in policy making 224 Table 38: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED NBSAP (TARGET 23: By 2030, actions are taken to ensure women and girls are given priority in the decision-making process at all levels in the implementation of the NBSAP and other biodiversity actions) Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Governance/leadership, Biodiversity Gender insensitivity Establishing gender- Federal Government: 2025-2027 Federal Policy & legal management of policies and sensitive policies and Funding and Developing Government; frameworks, incentive frameworks guidelines within guidelines within policies, laws, rules and UNEP; GEF; mechanisms, biodiversity biodiversity norms relevant to Private Sectors Accountability management management official governance frameworks, budget frameworks frameworks procedure in Nigeria allocations, etc. (23.10) Organizational Processes and Practices Women in Few number of Providing institutional Federal, State 2024-2030 Federal biodiversity policy-making collaboration for governments, MDAs: government, State Structure bodies, community training on Advocacy developing structures, government; Resources meetings, and other and lobbying processes, resources and Development decision-making (awareness management Partners forums on campaigns) to promote biodiversity, led by gender equality and women the importance of women’s participation in decision-making (23.1; 23.2; 23.3; processes related 23.5) biodiversity 225 Existing Capacity needs Priority Strategic Roles and Timeline Sources of capacities/resources Actions responsibilities Funding conservation; Sectoral NBSAP Lack of operable Facilitating the Federal and State 2024-2026 Federal and State Focal Points vehicles dedicated movement of members Governments and Governments, (members of the for the monitoring of of the NBTU engaged Agencies; the Private Agencies and NBTC) the NBSAP in monitoring sector and other donors: Funding interventions Supporting development mechanisms; the weakened of infrastructures; Private sector and monitoring of the granting financial other donors implementation resources and other facilities Individual Qualification; Gender plan of action Low percentage of Conducting training Federal and State 2026 Federal and State government sessions for 740 governments, and governments, and technical departments trained government officials Agencies: Supporting Agencies; and other knowledge/skills; and actively from the States and development of development Motivation, Incentives, applying the national FCT on gender infrastructures; granting partners and NGOs. Awards. gender plan of action mainstreaming and the financial resources and in their programmes implementation of the other facilities and policies gender plan of action 226 CHAPTER TEN MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION: Resource Mobilization and Financing Plan In collaboration with UNDP and with the support of GEF-8, Nigeria is currently participating in the development of a detailed Biodiversity Financing Plan (BioFIN) for implementing the revised NBSAP 2025-2030. This BioFIN will be attached to the NBSAP upon its completion. The information below provides a brief summary of the plan and its components. Resource Mobilization Implementing the revised NBSAP 2025-2030 will require huge financial resources, which will be mobilized from various sources including domestic and international sources. Financing by the latter is expected to, largely, come from donor countries and organizations. Nevertheless, significant efforts will be made to mobilize and utilize domestic financing sources. Domestic Funding Sources: Domestic funding sources include: Government Budgetary Allocation In order to sustain positive outcomes of the NBSAP, funding from government remains the dominant and consistent financial source, although it is limited and sometimes restricted to in-kind contributions. The Nigerian government, Federal and States, allocate a portion of their annual fiscal appropriation or budget to support biodiversity conservation primarily through the ministries such as the Ministry of Environment, Agriculture, etc. The funds are directed to interventions such as the protection and management of wildlife, Forest Reserves, National Parks and sustainable agricultural practices.

10.1.1.2 Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) The Ministry of Environment, in addition to its annual statutory allocation, and in compliance with government policy on Internally Generated Revenue (IGR), develops schemes that allow a group of beneficiaries to pay for the costs of maintaining ecosystem services. The revenue derived is invested in biodiversity conservation efforts. Similarly, for its revenue drive under IGR and investment in biodiversity conservation, it establishes punitive fees and fines that discourage environmentally harmful behavior, such as bottom trawling practices, which are also invested in biodiversity. In promoting ecotourism, various categories of visiting tourists (i.e., game-viewers/photographers and researchers etc.) to government Protected Areas, including National Parks, are expected to pay commensurate Entrance and Use-fee charges. Revenue 227 generated from these activities and partnerships with international organizations are reinvested into biodiversity conservation. Tourism revenue also comes from eco-lodges and nature reserves that promote biodiversity and sustainable tourism practices. The government and the private sector support biodiversity-based festivals such as the Argungu Fishing Festival, the Biseni Fishing Festival and others of their kind in the Niger Delta, etc. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism takes the lead in this activity. Profits from organizing these fiestas are partly used to enhance the conservation of biodiversity at festival sites and their environs.

10.1.1.3 In-kind support: The Federal government provides huge support in biodiversity conservation through payment of staff salaries and provision and maintenance of infrastructure deployed to biodiversity conservation. Also, organizations such as environmental NGOs and private sectors provide knowledge and skills while others provide links to funders our potential donors.

10.1.1.4. Local Community Contributions Local communities, especially those living in biodiversity hotspots, often contribute through traditional knowledge, local conservation initiatives, and in-kind support for conservation projects. Community-based Organizations (CBOs) and indigenous groups also exist and play a role in mobilizing resources for biodiversity conservation at the grassroots level. Carbon Credits and Climate Financing Nigeria mobilizes resources through carbon credit programs where Nigeria earns credits for protecting forests and reducing emissions. The REDD+ program (Reducing emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) helps generate funding for forest and biodiversity protection. Ecological Fund: Ecological Fund is established by the government to financially support environmental projects. The fund is operated under the Ecological Fund Office (EFO) to reduce ecological problems nationwide both timely and efficiently. The Private Sector: The Private sector includes non-government companies, individuals, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The private sector is sometimes jointly involved with government in ecotourism through Public Private Partnership (PPP). Under this arrangement the private sector invests in some biodiversity conservation projects. Some of the notable private sectors in Nigeria that will be approached to play a role in funding the revised NBSAP include: Nigeria Agricultural Insurance Corporation (NAIC); Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA); Nigeria Chamber of Commerce (NCC); Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN); Nigerian Stock Exchange (NGX); Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF); Chevron oil company; Shell BP; Total Energies; Dangote Group of Companies ; and other relevant stakeholders. 228

10.1.1.8 National and Local conservation NGOs and Foundations Many local NGOs such as the NCF mobilize resources for biodiversity through fundraising activities, grant applications, and direct community engagement. These NGOs focus on awareness, education, and specific biodiversity projects across the country. Community- Based Organizations (CBO) engage in local biodiversity projects with funding support from both domestic and international sources. They may also provide advocacy for stronger environmental policies.

10.1.1.9 Philanthropy Wealthy individuals and philanthropists, both Nigerian and international, invest in biodiversity conservation through personal donations, grants, or setting up foundations focused on biodiversity conservation. And organizations with high biodiversity footprint have philanthropic arms which provide funds and technical support to offset the impact of their activity on Biodiversity and the ecosystem.

10.1.1.10 Private Sector and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Many private companies in Nigeria, especially those in sectors such as oil, gas, mining, banking, and agriculture, invest in biodiversity through their CSR programs. They may partner with NGOs, Government, or local communities to fund biodiversity conservation programs, wildlife protection, habitat restoration efforts, eco-tourism initiatives, sustainable agricultural practices, and sustainable resource use.

10.1.2 International Sources

10.1.2.1 International Aid and Grants: Nigeria receives funding from international organizations and donor agencies including the Global Environment Facility (GEF); the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); World Bank Group (WBG); The United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA); German Agency for international cooperation (GIZ); and many others to fund biodiversity interventions. These funds are often directed towards specific biodiversity projects and conservation interventions. International Non-governmental Organizations such as the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), and others. Birdlife International works in Nigeria to mobilize resources for biodiversity conservation through grants, donations and partnerships with local communities. They collaborate with the government to implement conservation programs.

10.1.2.2 Research Grants and Academic Partnerships Academic institutions, such as Nigerian universities, collaborate with international researchers and institutions to secure research grants focused on biodiversity conservation. 229

10.1.2.3 Multi-lateral and Bilateral Agreements Nigeria is signatory to several international agreements, (bilateral and multilateral), which are related to biodiversity. Some of the multilateral agreements include: the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) a Ramsar Convention on wetlands and Convention on Conservation of migratory species (CMS). Nigeria has bilateral partnership with countries such as the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom and Germany, which provide funding for biodiversity.

10.1.2.4 Donor Agencies and Foundations Several international foundations and donor agencies, such as the Ford Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Nature Conservancy, provide funding for biodiversity projects in Nigeria. They often focus on specific issues such as deforestation, wildlife protection, and community engagement in sustainable practices.

10.1.2.5 Climate Change and Adaptation Funds The climate change and adaptation funds are typically linked to global initiatives. However, funds aimed at climate change adaptation in Nigeria can also benefit biodiversity projects, since many ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate impacts. Financing Plan:

10.2.1. Biodiversity Financing Plan (BioFIN) At present, there is no information on biodiversity national expenditure in the country. Therefore, there is need for a detailed national Biodiversity Financing Plan (BioFIN) for implementing the revised NBSAP 2025-2030. This will later be developed in partnership with UNDP and incorporated to implement the NBSAP.

10.2.2. Indicative Budget An indicative budget needed to successfully implement the revised NBSAP 2025-2030 targets including building capacities is approximately US$ 301 million. Table 39 shows the indicative budget for each action of the NBSAP, as estimated. Table 39: Indicative budget for the revised NBSAP 2025-2030 NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million) 1. 1.Strengthening and implementing the provisions of Environmental Impact 2 Assessments 230

1.2. Strengthening the capacities of local communities to participate in ESIA 2 process by providing appropriate knowledge and skill acquisition

1.3. Ensuring transparency, accountability, and participation in ESIA 2 decision-making processes.

1.4. Strengthening the Biodiversity Steering Committee 3 NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

1.5 Establishing an Inter-Ministerial Committee on Biodiversity 2

1.6. Establishing and implementing Sub-national (State and Local 2 Government) levels of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, promoting stakeholders’ (including MDAs, local communities, and NGOs) participation

1.7. Establishing and coordinating a legislative network for the implementation of 2 the NBSAP 1.8.Strengthening Multi Stakeholders Committees on biodiversity-related 2 conventions and protocol such as Dart Technical committee

1.9. Strengthening synergy among focal areas in the environment sector 2

1.10. Ensuring regular monitoring and evaluation to assess progress and identify 2 areas of improvement on the implementation of NBSAP actions

1.11. Designating and upgrading the status of thirty (30) forest reserves/game 3 reserves, sacred groves and sanctuaries to National Park status, including marine protected areas

1.12. Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, 3 community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites 1. 13. Documenting and mapping the local communities’ conservation areas and 2 strengthening their management plans

1.14. Strengthening the implementations of the Conservation Strategy for 2 Biodiversity in the Niger Delta

1.15. Assessing the status of biodiversity resources in the designated new National 3 Parks NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

1.16. Developing and implementing management plans for the designated New 2 National Parks

1.17. Strengthening the paramilitary status of the Nigerian National Parks to 2 enhance the level of biodiversity protection in protected areas

1.18. Safeguarding of wildlife corridors to ensure spatial development/habitat 2 connectivity axes/Green Infrastructure

1.19. Promoting measures to reduce agricultural wastes, fertilizers and agro- 2 chemicals entering rivers and wetland

1.20. Identifying the pollutant sources and purification capacity of Nigeria’s 3 231 wetlands, rivers and oceans, for restoration measures

1.21. Ending gas flaring and manage oil spillage 2

1.22. Preventing deforestation and degradation; protecting vital ecosystems by 4 mapping areas of high conservation value; and identifying areas suitable for sustainable forestry practices.

1.23. Ensuring International Cooperation for coastal zone management by 2 Strengthening the government partnership with development partners such as WACA Project (e.g. GEF, UNDP, World Bank and UNEP. etc.)

2.1. Strengthening the measures for the restoration of each of the following land 4 degradation hotspots: Amba (Nasarawa State), Badoko (Kaduna State), Banaga (Zamfara State), Ejeba (Delta State), Ifiang Nsung (Cross River State), Ilesha Ibaruba (Kwara State), Imeko Game Reserve and Aworo Forest Reserve (Ogun State), Orishaeze (Imo State), Oroma-Etiti (Anambra State), and Saki (Oyo State) by providing native plant species for planting to cover more areas. 2.2.. Establishing a National Forest and Vegetation Recovery Programme, 3 including mangroves and other coastal areas

2.3. Enacting the National Forestry Bill to give legal backing to National Forest 2 Policy NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

2.4 Establishing a National Rivers and Wetlands Rehabilitation Programme, linked 2 to reduction of pollutants

2.5. Promoting Natural Regeneration to increase the area covered by pastoral, large 2 scale landscape planning and enrichment planting in the dry forest/shrub land through improvement of biodiversity

2.6. Promoting alternative livelihoods for communities in protected areas and 2 ecosystem restoration areas

2.7. Developing pilot community-based sustainable energy-efficient production 2 facilities e.g. bio-gas, solar energy etc. around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas

2.8. Mapping the location and extent of areas under restoration by using Geographic 2 Information Systems (GIS)

3.1. Identifying sites for new or expanded conservation areas using spatial planning 2

3.2. Designating and upgrading the status of thirty(30) forest reserves/game Covered reserves, sacred groves and sanctuaries to National Park status, including marine protected areas

3.3. Implementing the Conservation Strategy for Biodiversity in the Niger Delta 4

3.4. Assessing the status of biodiversity resources in the designated new National Covered Parks

3.5. Developing and implementing management plans for the designated new Covered National Parks

3.6. Documenting and mapping the local communities’ conservation areas and 2 strengthening their management plans

3.7. Strengthening the paramilitary status of the Nigerian National Parks to enhance Covered the level of biodiversity protection in protected areas 232

3.8. Identifying priority sites requiring management actions for Nigeria’s endemic and threatened species 2 NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million) 3. 9. Identifying important sites for migratory species and their conservation 2 needs

3.10. Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, Covered community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

3.11. Safeguarding of wildlife corridors in terms of spatial development/habitat Covered connectivity axes/Green Infrastructure

4.1. Conducting and publishing an assessment of the conservation status of 3 Nigeria’s endemic and threatened species

4.2. Identifying priority sites requiring management actions for Nigeria’s Covered endemic and threatened species

4.3. Identifying important sites for migratory species and their conservation Covered needs

4.4. Establishing a national centre / institute for knowledge and sustainable 5 Use of Biodiversity

4.5. In-situ conservation of wild relatives of cultivated plants; domesticated 2 animals

4.6. Establishing Nigerian National gene bank for cultivated plants and 3 domesticated animals

4.7. Establishing/Rehabilitating Community Herbal Heritage Centres 3

4.8. Educating and Creating Awareness among Protected Areas (PAs) 2 communities on the importance of wildlife conservation NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

4.9. Providing compensations for damages caused by wildlife in and outside 3 the PAs.

4.10. Encouraging PA and local communities to plant alternative crops that 2 are not consumed by the crop raiders in the area.

4.11. Reducing human settlements in and around the PAs. 2 233

4.12. Developing conflict mitigation strategies such as life fencing or other 2 methods to protect crops, humans, and livestock from the threat and monitoring the Red List Index for species most affected by human-wildlife conflicts such as the elephant.

5.1. Promoting and supporting sustainable fishing practices such as hook and 2 line fishing, responsible gear use, and gear marking.

5.2. Implementing measures like modified fishing gear or fishing methods to 2 reduce the capture of non-target species (bycatch).

5.3. Ensuring legal international and domestic trade meet CITES criteria and 2 does not contribute to the decline of threatened species, with quotas set based upon scientific knowledge, at a minimum as contained in the “non- detrimental findings” report

5.4. Ensuring that legal and illegal trade in wild animal species do not 2 contribute to the spread of zoonotic diseases

5.5. Strengthening the implementation of guidelines for Community-based 2 sustainable forest management, including conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

5.6. Promoting the integration of important medicinal plant species in 2 agroforestry systems by local communities for sustainability of medicinal plants, income generation and health care

5.7. Conducting awareness campaigns for Traditional Medicine Practitioners 2 (TMPs) in local communities on conservation and sustainable harvesting wild medicinal plant species

5.8. Promoting alternative livelihoods for communities in conservation areas and covered ecosystem restoration areas

5.9. Developing pilot community-based sustainable energy-efficient production covered facilities e.g. bio-gas, solar energy etc. around conservation areas and ecosystem restoration areas

5.10. Resuscitating the Forest Utilization Centres 2

5.11. Supporting Ranches with appropriate seeds/seedlings 2

5.12. Strengthening the CITES implementation by building the individual capacity 3 in the Wildlife and CITES Management division of FDF.

5.13. Implementing other international cooperation and agreements to address 2 transboundary movement in wild species trade

6.1. Strengthening the capacity of the Nigerian Agricultural Quarantine Services 3 Department for effective border control

6.2. Establishing a national framework for the control and management of Invasive 3 Alien Species (IAS) 234

6.3. Ensuring international collaboration on the prevention and control of Invasive 2 Alien Species

6.4. Promoting the utilization of IAS in Nigeria 2

6.5. Strengthening research on the impacts of IAS and update the existing baseline 2 on IAS status NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million) 6. 6. Establishing an early warning and rapid response mechanism for IAS at the 2 ports and border crossings

7.1. Reducing agricultural wastes, fertilisers and agro-chemicals entering rivers and 2 wetlands

7.2. Identifying the pollutant sources and purification capacity of Nigeria’s 2 wetlands, rivers and coasts, for restoration measures

7.3. Strengthening national water quality guidelines 2

7.4. Ending gas flaring and managing oil spillage covered

7.5. Promoting businesses that are reducing plastic waste and re-using existing 2 plastic

7.6. Educating and creating Awareness on the effects of plastic use on the 2 environment and ways of reducing plastic waste

7.7. Implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies that prioritize non- 2 chemical methods especially in farming 7. 8. Conducting education and training programmes for farmers on best practices in 2 fertilizer use

7.9. Awareness campaigns to promote proper waste disposal practices 2

7.10. Training programs for proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials in 2 workplaces

8.1. Strengthening and implementing the provisions of Environmental and Social covered Impact Assessments

8.2. Identifying sites for new or expanded conservation areas from the relevant covered surveys and strategies

8.3. Designating and Upgrading the status of thirty (30) forest reserves/game covered reserves, sacred grooves and sanctuaries to National Park status, including marine protected areas NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

8.4. Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, covered community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

8.5. Documenting and mapping the local communities’ conservation areas and covered strengthening their management plans

8.6. Strengthening the implementation of the Conservation Strategy for Biodiversity covered in the Niger Delta

8.7. Safeguarding of wildlife corridors in terms of spatial development/habitat covered connectivity axes/Green Infrastructure

8.8. Ensuring International Cooperation for coastal zone management by covered 235 Strengthening the government partnership with development partners such as WACA Project (e.g. GEF, UNDP, World Bank and UNEP. etc.)

8.9. Strengthening the measures for the restoration of each of the following land covered degradation hotspots: Amba (Nasarawa State), Badoko (Kaduna State), Banaga (Zamfara State), Ejeba (Delta State), Ifiang Nsung (Cross River State), Ilesha Ibaruba (Kwara State), Imeko Game Reserve and Aworo Forest Reserve (Ogun State), Orishaeze (Imo State), Oroma-Etiti (Anambra State), and Saki (Oyo State) by providing native plant species for planting to cover more areas. Establishing a National Forest and Vegetation Recovery Programme, including Covered mangroves and other coastal areas

8.11. Establishing a National Rivers and Wetlands Rehabilitation Programme, covered linked to reduction of pollutants 8. 12. Promoting Natural Regeneration to increase the area covered by pastoral, covered large scale landscape planning and enrichment planting in the dry forest/shrub land through improvement of biodiversity

8.13. Establishing/Rehabilitating Community Herbal Heritage Centres covered

8.14. Developing pilot community-based sustainable energy-efficient production covered facilities e.g. bio-gas, solar energy etc. around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas

8.15. Strengthening the paramilitary status of the Nigerian National Parks to covered enhance the level of biodiversity protection in protected areas

8.16. In-situ conservation of Wild relatives of cultivated plants; and covered domesticated animals

8.17. Ending gas flaring and managing oil spillage covered

9.1. Identifying wild species collectors 2

9.2. Identifying wild species currently being sustainably managed and utilized 2 NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

9.3. Implementing fishing quotas that limit the total catch of a specific fish 2 species.

9.4. Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred covered groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

9.5. Promoting alternative livelihoods for communities around protected areas and covered ecosystem restoration areas

10.1. Encouraging farmers in three (3) selected areas to use Integrated Pest 3 Management (IPM) techniques such as crop rotation, biological pest control, and the use of pest-resistant varieties.

10.2. Promoting sustainable aquaculture by encouraging responsible feed sourcing, 3 and minimizing the use of antibiotics in the three (3) selected areas.

10.3. Implementing sustainable fisheries management practices in the three (3) 3 selected areas by reducing bycatch.

10.4. Implementing agroforestry practices in the three (3) areas under forestry by 3 introducing trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes. 236

10.5. Promoting initiatives to replant deforested areas, restore degraded forests, and 2 establish new tree plantations

10.6. Encouraging integrated land-use planning practices that consider ecological, 2 economic, and social factors 10. 7. Establishing a National Forest and Vegetation Recovery Programme, covered including mangroves and other coastal areas

10.8. Enactment of the National Forestry Bill to give legal backing to National covered Forest Policy

10.9. Re-instate the National Forest Development Committee and Forest Utilization 3 Centres, as part of the strengthened National Forest Policy NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

10.10. Assessing the status of biodiversity resources in the designated new National covered Parks

10.11. Reducing agricultural wastes, fertilisers and agro-chemicals entering rivers 2 and wetlands

10.12. Strengthening the capacities of local Communities to participate in natural 2 regeneration of wetlands, arid zone vegetation, forests, mangroves & other priorities identified

10.13. Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred covered groves, community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites

10.14. Strengthening the implementation of guidelines for Community-based covered sustainable forest management, including conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

10.15. Engaging local artisans and practitioners such as fishermen and 2 delivering specific, key conservation messages.

10.16. Promoting alternative livelihoods for communities in protected areas and covered ecosystem restoration areas

11.1. Establishing pollinator-friendly habitats near agricultural fields for pollination 3 of crops, ensuring food security and economic benefits 11. 2. In-situ conservation of Wild relatives of cultivated plants; and domesticated covered animals

11.3. Establishing Nigerian National gene bank for cultivated plants and covered domesticated animals

11.4. Establishing/Rehabilitating Community Herbal Heritage Centres covered

11.5. Establishing a National Rivers and Wetlands Rehabilitation Programme, covered linked to reduction of pollutants

11.6. Restoring wetlands for natural water purification, reducing pollution and 3 protecting water for human use

12.1. Creating or expanding urban parks and gardens within the cities of all the 5 States and FCT to increase green spaces 12. 2. Creating man-made lakes, ponds, pools in urban centres/Rehabilitating 4 natural surface water or rivers or streams, waterfalls in urban centres to ensure they can be used for recreation and relaxation NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate 237 (US$ million)

12.3. Establishing green corridors that connect parks and other green spaces, 3 promoting biodiversity and providing continuous green access throughout the city

12.4. Enhancing access points to existing green and blue spaces, ensuring they are 2 available for all, including the elderly and people with disabilities.

12.5. Developing educational programmes that include outdoor classes in green 2 spaces, making them beneficial for health and learning

12.6. Organizing volunteer clean-up and maintenance events for parks, riverbanks, 2 and other public green and blue spaces

12.7. Implementing policies that require developers to include a certain percentage 3 of green/blue space in new housing and commercial projects

12.8. Planting fruit-trees in homes 2

12.9. Planting flowers in front of business premises and at the doors 2

12.10. Adding plants inside buildings 2

12.11. Developing tree-lined streets, green bicycle paths, and pedestrian walkways 3

12.12. Conducting Awareness Campaigns on the benefits of creating urban green 2 and blue spaces.

13.1. Developing a National ABS framework and legislation 3

13.2. Developing and implementing policy guidelines for bio-prospecting, access 3 and benefit sharing, and associated traditional knowledge (intellectual property rights) NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

13.3. Developing and implementing a Sub-national (State and Local Government 4 levels) regime on ABS

13.4. Developing national ABS Institutional Structure 3

13.5. Developing and implementing national ABS Operational Structure 3

13.6. Building capacity on ABS at all levels by providing knowledge and skill 5 acquisition in genetic resources, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), and associated traditional knowledge through workshops, seminars and conferences at both local and international levels.

14.1. Conducting outreach and awareness campaigns (radio, jingles etc.), 2 information sharing and public discussions on Nigeria’s biodiversity and its significance to ecology, economy, life and services, with specific emphasis on local communities

14.2. Producing and distributing publications in appropriate local languages and 2 dialects on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the public, especially women and youth

14.3. Including subjects and texts on biodiversity conservation into the national 2 primary and secondary education and the General Studies (GS) of tertiary institution curricula 238

14.4. Hosting annual National Forum on Biodiversity for legislators and other 2 sectors of the economy

14.5. Hosting an annual National Biodiversity dialogue/conference, and Press 2 Conference

14.6. Integrating biodiversity conservation into sectoral development plans at all 2 levels

14.7. Integrating biodiversity conservation into national appropriation 2 14. 8. Conducting Economic Valuation of Biodiversity and national studies on 5 ‘TEEB’ NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million) 14. 9. Integrating valuation of biodiversity into national accounts, strategies and 2 planning process

14.10. Creating sectoral biodiversity conservation Advisory Desks at all levels 5

15.1. Developing and implementing policy measures to encourage and enable 4 businesses to: Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity; Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns; and Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable.

15.2. Identifying large and transnational companies and financial institutions and 2 other businesses

15.3. Developing handbills identifying biodiversity dependence, biodiversity-related 4 risks to business, and negative and positive impacts of business on biodiversity for each of the businesses

15.4. Encouraging businesses to contribute to the restoration of natural habitats that 2 are crucial for threatened species, such as reforestation projects and wetland restoration activities.

15.5. Regularly monitoring compliance of businesses to the policy requirements 2

15.6. Creating a task force for Nature-related Financial Disclosures 3

16.1. Developing and implementing policy that addresses food waste and waste 3 generation across the agricultural value chain 16. 2. Developing and implementing a National Strategy and Action Plan for 4 Sustainable Consumption and Production to promote consumption patterns that remain within biological limits in an equitable way and reduction of food waste

16.3. Conducting campaigns to raise awareness about food waste food waste across 2 the agricultural value chain and providing tips on how consumers can minimize waste at through proper storage.

16.4. Conducting educational campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of 2 recycling practices, and environmental benefits of recycling to encourage behaviour change. NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

16.5. Implementing waste separation programmes at the community or 2 organizational level to encourage proper sorting of recyclable materials from food waste, making it easier to recycle and divert waste from landfills

16.6. Promoting sustainable farming practices that improve soil health, reduce 3 239 chemical inputs, and increase soil resilience, thereby reducing both food waste and poverty.

16.7. Developing information-sharing platform to ensure seamless access to 2 information by consumers

17.1. Strengthening biosafety measures and Institutional capacities 3

17.2. Developing and reviewing biosafety regulatory instruments 3

17.3. Creating enabling environment for participation of Nigerians in safe and 2 responsible application of biotechnological research for the benefits of Nigerians

17.4. Strengthening advocacy and sensitization on Biosafety measures and in the 3 participation in safe biotechnological research.

17.5. Facilitating Information Sharing and Transparency 2

17.6. Strengthening the implementation of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur 2 Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

17.7. Putting measures in place for the equitable access to results and benefits 2 arising from safe biotechnology based on genetic resources from Nigeria.

17.8. Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of Nigeria Biosafety System 3

18.1. Identifying subsidies, that are harmful to biodiversity by 2025 2

18.2. Determining annual financial cost of subsidies and other incentives that 2 are harmful to biodiversity by 2025 and redirecting or repurposing them NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

18.3. Reforming, redirecting or repurposing 100% of agricultural subsidies and 2 other incentives that are harmful to biodiversity by 2030

18.4. Scaling up of positive incentives/subsidies for the conservation and 2 sustainable use of biodiversity.

19.1. Conducting an NBSAP resource needs assessment 2 19. 2. Establishing a national funding mechanism for biodiversity 2

19.3. Integrating biodiversity conservation into national appropriation 2

19.4. Strengthening the government partnership with development partners covered (e.g. GEF, UNDP and UNEP.)

19.5. Encouraging the private sector to invest in biodiversity, including 2 through impact funds and other instruments;

19.6. Establishing and implementing a national procedure for Payment for 4 Ecosystem Services (PES), to enhance private sector investment and corporate social support to Nigeria’s biodiversity protection 19. 7. Synergizing with climate finance 2

20.1. Determining prioritised capacity building needs for government agencies, 2 240 NGOs and local communities to implement the NBSAP by conducting NBSAP implementation Capacity Needs Assessment

20.2. Developing training guides and modules for prioritised capacity building 2 needs

20.3. Building capacity of government officials and individuals for prioritised 4 NBSAP implementation capacity development needs in relevant organizations including NGO’s through meetings, seminars and conferences both locally and internationally NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

20.4. Identifying technologies needed to develop, access, transfer and diffuse to 2 achieve its national targets and also contribute to the global goals and targets

20.5. Developing a capacity-development plan for biodiversity 3

20.6. Promoting South-South and North-South technical and scientific cooperation 2 on biodiversity

21.1. Conducting a National Biodiversity Resources Assessment to increase the 2 level of standardisation and interoperability among existing data, tools and platforms

21.2. Digitizing existing information on various species, their conservation status, 2 and factors impacting their populations in the National Clearing House Mechanism (CHM): www.chm-cbd.com.ng

21.3. Developing and implementing Open-Access and open data policies to 2 facilitate and support easier access.

21.4. Conducting outreach and awareness campaigns (radio, jingles etc.), 3 information sharing and public discussions on Nigeria’s biodiversity and its significance to ecology, economy, life and services, with specific emphasis on local communities

21.5. Producing and distributing publications in appropriate local languages 2 and dialects on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the public, especially women and youth

21.6. Establishing synergy among focal areas in the environment sector 2

21.7. Conducting and implementing capacity-building programmes on 5 Knowledge management; and training of experts and researchers in species assessment methodologies to expand the coverage of species assessed on the IUCN Red List. NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

21.8. Strengthening the existing Monitoring System 2

21.9. Implementing regular monitoring programs to collect data on species 2 populations, trends, and threats to update the Species Status Index 241

21.10. Supporting research and innovation required to generate necessary data, 4 information, and knowledge.

22.1. Strengthening the capacities of local Communities to participate in natural covered regeneration of wetlands, arid zone vegetation, forests, mangroves and other priority areas identified

22.2. Surveying the flora and fauna outside protected areas, including sacred groves, covered community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and assisting local communities in the sustainable management of these sites 22.3.Strengthening the implementation of guidelines for Community-based covered sustainable forest management, including conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity 22.4.Developing a national framework and mechanism for community participation 3 in ecotourism planning and development

22.5. Conducting workshops and training programmes focused on leadership, 3 advocacy, and civic engagement for women, youth, indigenous peoples, and persons with disabilities.

22.6. Implementing quotas or reserved seats in parliament and local legislature, 3 youth, persons with disabilities, and other marginalised groups.

22.7. Formulating policies that mandate a certain percentage of public service 4 positions to be filled by individuals from underrepresented demographics, ensuring fair representation in government roles.

22.8. Encouraging and supporting the training, education, and appointment of 3 judges from diverse backgrounds, including women, individuals from minority groups, and those with disabilities

22.9. Providing legal, financial, and educational support to environmental defenders 3 to ensure they have the means to participate in national and local decision-making bodies NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

22.10. Organizing regular workshops and town hall meetings in local languages to 2 engage with community members, ensuring their insights and concerns on biodiversity are heard and integrated into the NBSAP

22.11. Conducting awareness campaigns targeted at women, youth, persons with 3 disabilities, and environmental defenders to educate them about their land rights and empower them to perceive their rights to land as secure

22.12. Establishing Legal aid programmes specifically tailored to assist local 2 peoples, women, youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders in securing their land rights and obtaining legally recognized documentation

22.13. Providing leadership training to enhance the ability of women, youth, 2 persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders to influence decision- making processes;

22.14. Creating youth biodiversity ambassador programs to foster young 3 leaders who can advocate for biodiversity conservation within their communities

22.15. Ensuring that the NBSAP implementing structures (NBSC, NBCC, 2 NBTC, NBWG) have representatives from local communities, women, 242 youth, persons with disabilities, and environmental defenders;

22.16. Offering training programs for women, youth, persons with 3 disabilities, and environmental defenders on biodiversity conservation, legal rights, and participation in policy making;

22.17. Encouraging educational institutions to integrate biodiversity and 2 environmental justice into their curricula

22.18. Launching public awareness campaigns highlighting the importance 2 of inclusive participation in biodiversity conservation;

22.19. Safeguarding individuals or groups who work to protect the 4 environment, advocate for environmental justice, and defend the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. NBSAP Actions or Interventions Budget Estimate (US$ million)

23.1. Advocacy and awareness campaigns to promote gender equality and 4 the importance of women’s participation in decision-making processes related biodiversity conservation

23.2. Conducting training sessions for government officials on gender 4 mainstreaming and the implementation of the gender plan of action

23.3 Conducting capacity-building programmes to empower women to engage in 3 political processes and run for positions in national parliaments and local governments

23.4. Ensuring that women and girls have access to land and resources 2

23.5. Providing capacity-building and training programs specially tailored to women 4 and girls in the biodiversity sector

23.6. Implementing gender quotas or affirmative action measures to ensure adequate 3 representation of women in leadership positions.

23.7. Encouraging the active participation of women and girls in relevant 2 stakeholder meetings, consultations, and decision-making processes.

23.8. Creating awareness campaigns to promote gender equality and empowerment 2 in the biodiversity conservation and management sector.

23.9. Collaborating with women’s organizations and networks to leverage their 3 expertise and amplify their voices in biodiversity-related decision-making

23.10. Establishing gender-sensitive policies and guidelines within biodiversity 3 management frameworks TOTAL 474 EFO Ecological Fund Office FMF-BNP- Federal Ministry of Finance Budget and National Planning CBN Central Bank of Nigeria NAIC Nigeria Agricultural Insurance Corporation NSIA Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority NESREA National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency 243 MTI Ministry of Trade and Investment NCC Nigeria Chamber of Commerce MAN Manufacturers Association of Nigeria NGX Nigerian Stock Exchange (NGX) WB World Bank GIZ German Agency for international cooperation NCF Nigerian Conservation Foundation 244 CHATER ELEVEN INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING AND REPORTING

11.1 THE IMPLEMENTING MECHANISM OF THE REVISED NBSAP The overall implementing mechanism for the revised NBSAP is illustrated in Fig. 6 and encompasses the monitoring, evaluation and reporting structures, which are consistent with the revised NBSAP institutional coordinating structure outlined in Table 40. The institutional actors, in particular the National Biodiversity Technical Committee (NBTC), will regularly use indicators, as appropriate, to track progress and ascertain results. The actors in the institutional coordinating structure, in a hierarchical manner, will further carry out evaluation and reporting and inform the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Biodiversity (IMCB) on the progress made and results achieved in implementing the NBSAP. Based on data collected and synthesized, the entities will develop annual reports on the implementation of the NBSAP that will eventually be passed to the government and the CBD. However, the Federal Ministry of Environment, and in particular, biodiversity conservation division, is the lead entity for overall coordinating, promoting and facilitating the implementation of the NBSAP. 245 Fig. 6 Federal Executive Council CBD NASS Committees on IMCB Environmental Secretaria (Composed of Honourable t NFP CBD Minister of Environment & Public Relevant Stakeholders) CHM Federal Donors NBCC Ministry of Environme Federal (Composed of Focal nt ministry of Finance Points on CBD Thematic Budget and Consultation Areas and others) National Planning Meetings NBTC (Composed of Focal Points of Implementing Entities) Focal Points Focal Points Focal Points Focal Points of of of of Implementin Implementin Implementin Implementin g g g NGOs g Agencies Ministries Departmen THE IMPLEMENTING MECHANISM FOR THE RREVISED NBSAP 246

11.2. INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING AND REPORTING The Monitoring and Evaluation process developed during the preparation of the previous NBSAP is sustained. This ensures adaptive management during project implementation and leads to the achievement of targets. However, capacities will be built where necessary, to enable adequate monitoring and evaluation of the interventions of the revised NBSAP. Table 40 shows the institutional coordinating structure including the institutional actors, roles and responsibilities and composition. Table 40: INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATING STRUCTURE S/N Institutional Actors Roles and Responsibilities Composition 1 Inter-Ministerial  Ensuring that the activities included in the Action Plan for the Relevant MDAs chaired by Honorable Minister of Committee on implementation of the strategy are included in the activity plans Environment. The Committee should reflect all Biodiversity of the institutions involved in the implementation of the strategy; government and whole of society approach  Reviewing and evaluating reports from the National Biodiversity Coordination Committee (NBCC) and making decisions A whole-of-society concerning implementation;  Reporting to the Federal Executive Council (Council of Ministers) and the House Committee on Environment (Parliamentary Committee) on biodiversity in Nigeria: benefits and opportunities, challenges and needs;  Directing the activities of the Secretariat; and  Reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on the implementation of the NBSAP. 247 S/N Institutional Actors Roles and Responsibilities Composition 2 National Biodiversity  Collating reports from each member of the National Biodiversity Coordination Technical Committee (NBTC), synthesize and share to IMCB; Committee (NBCC)  Convening meetings, at least twice a year, of the NBTC, to assess i. CBD NFP…(Head) the overall progress and identify lessons learned and submitting ii. CBD CHM NFP report to IMCB annually;  Sharing guidance from IMCB with NBTC at meetings; iii. CBD SBSTTA NFP  Developing outlines for both capacity needs and resource needs iv. CBD Resource Mobilization NFP for each intervention and asking the lead entities for these to prepare capacity needs and budgets for its implementation; v. CBD PoW Protected Areas NFP  Coordinating with donors for securing funds and relevant working tools for the activities of the National Biodiversity vi. CBD Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) NFP Technical Committee (NBTC); vii. CBD Coastal and Marine Ecosystem NFP  Coordinating with the Federal Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning for funding and mainstreaming of biodiversity viii. CBD Biosafety NFP should go to IMCB;  Documenting the different performance indicators of the NBSAP ix. NFP National Centre for Genetic Resources interventions and producing annual NBSAP implementation and Biotechnology (NACGRAB). The report, as well as other relevant reports required by government; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources  Preparing and disseminating national status report on NBSAP for Food and Agriculture implementation including annual report to the public through the x. CBD gender on biodiversity national focal point national CHM: www.chm-cbd.com.ng; and  Meeting, at least twice a year, and assessing the overall progress xi. CBD GTI NFP and identifying lessons learned and submitting report to IMCB, xii. CBD article 8J NFP annually. xiii. Other relevant NFPs and institutions 248 S/N Institutional Actors Roles and Responsibilities Composition S/N Institutional Actors Roles and Responsibilities Composition 3 The National  Each member implements the NBSAP interventions under his Focal Points, from MDAs and NGOs that monitor Biodiversity Technical purview; all NBSAP interventions under their purview. Committee (NBTC)  Each member prepares budget and capacity needs for the implementation of the interventions under his purview; Each member swerves as Focal Point for implementation of the NBSAP; Each member submits regular reports of his institution to NBTC for evaluation; and  Each member learns from the other members (when synthesized report is shared by the NBCC) to enhance his capacity. 5 Secretariat  Preparing and presenting National positions for CBD events such FDF(Secretariat) as Conference of the Parties (COP) and the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA); NFP CBD (Secretary)  Receiving instructions from the IMCB and acting on them; and  Maintaining the established national biodiversity CHM including links to existing biodiversity-related databases. 249

11.2.1 The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Biodiversity (IMCB) The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Biodiversity (IMCB) is the apex body in the revised NBSAP implementation in Nigeria. The formal adoption of this NBSAP as a policy document for biodiversity governance in Nigeria and the inauguration of the members of this body mark the beginning of the implementation of the revised NBSAP.

11.2.2 The National Biodiversity Coordination Committee (NBCC) Members of the National Biodiversity Coordination Committee (NBCC) consist of National Focal Points involved in the implementation of the objectives of the CBD.

11.2.3 The National Biodiversity Technical Committee (NBTC) The Technical Committee is made up of Focal Points, from MDAs and NGOs that monitor all NBSAP interventions under their purview. The Federal Department of Forestry, other Government Departments and Ministries, State Governments, Non- Governmental Organizations, academics, and research institutions and Civil Society organizations that are implementing agencies (i.e. agencies implementing NBSAP interventions) identify Focal Points and each take responsibility for implementing interventions under its purview or mandate as are identified under Roles and Responsibilities in the Institutional Coordinating Structure.

11.3 THE IMPLEMENTATING LEAD ENTITIES The Federal Department of Forestry (FDF), of the Federal Ministry of Environment, is the overall lead entity for revising/Revising and implementing the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Revising/Revising the NBSAP requires the involvement and participation of many stakeholders working together to develop a road map and milestones for biodiversity governance in the country. Therefore, the approach employed is “whole of government and whole of society”. All stakeholders were also involved and participated in the validation of NBSAP revision/Revising deliverables. Similarly, implementing the NBSAP requires a collective and collaborative effort of many stakeholders, working together to deliver on the interventions within their mandate. 250 There are also subsets of these stakeholders whose activities will support implementation. The lead entities, which have roles to play, will guide and direct these subset stakeholders that are under them. Lead entities will collaborate with each other and share experiences. The coordinating committee will coordinate and facilitate their activities for the implementation of the NBSAP. The coordinating committee will also develop an outline for both capacity needs and resource needs for each strategic activity and ask the lead entities for each activity to prepare capacity needs and budgets.

11.4 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Plan Implementation of the NBSAP will be subject to monitoring and evaluation of the progress achieved. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is an essential aspect of the NBSAP implementation. It comprises periodic assessment, Revising and utilization of data and ensures corrective and adaptive management, efficiency, effectiveness and positive impact of the NBSAP on the environment and the economy. Varied methods of review and data collection among stakeholders are integrated into the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework and will be sustained. The framework shows accountability and reinforces varied levels of stakeholder involvement and participation. The monitoring and evaluation that are incorporated in the implementation of the NBSAP ensure its adaptive management and are expected to lead to the achievement of the national targets. However, existing capacities will be mobilized, and where necessary strengthened, or an entirely fresh capacity will be built to enable adequate monitoring and evaluation of the Targets and Actions of the revised NBSAP.

11.4.1 Monitoring and Evaluation In addition to the headline, binary, component and complementary indicators, impact and performance indicators are developed for assessing the level of implementation of the revised NBSAP. The targets will be monitored for the level of implementation using the headline, binary, component, complementary, and impact indicators, while the actions will be monitored using the performance indicators.

11.4.2 Reporting Plan The reporting plan has been described together with the functions of the institutional coordinating structures and is also illustrated in Figure 2. The various entities of the structure: National Biodiversity Technical Committee, National Biodiversity Coordination Committee and the Inter- Ministerial Committee on Biodiversity, carry out their functions and report to the next in a hierarchical manner and as frequent as the data collection.

11.4.3 Monitoring Plan, protocol and methodology 11.4.3a Monitoring Plan The revised Nigerian NBSAP will sustain the monitoring plan of the previous NBSAP and will therefore be monitored using the matrix stated below and shown in table 41. The monitoring plan was developed in the plenary of multi-stakeholders workshop which was held in Abuja on the 11th and 12th November 2015. This matrix is applicable to the headline, binary, component, 251 complementary, impact, and performance indicators (Table 41) of the NBSAP. The implementation of the NBSAP Targets and Actions will enable the achievement of the desired state of biodiversity in the country. The national Targets and Actions will also contribute to the achievement of the KMGBF targets and goals. The first two columns of the monitoring matrix consist of: Targets and Headline/binary Indicators or Disaggregation; or Targets and Component Indicators or Disaggregation; or Targets and Complementary Indicators or Disaggregation; or Targets and Impact Indicators; or Actions and Performance Indicators. This is followed by the columns on Baseline and Action Data, Data Gathering Methods, Means of Verification, and Collection Frequency for the data. Table 41: Monitoring Matrix Target Performan Actors Data for indicator Data Means Collectio s ce, Responsible gatheri of n headline Baseline Target or Action ng Verific Frequenc OR etc. method ation y for the Value unit year valu unit Year Action Indicator e s data s 11.4.3b Monitoring Protocol and Methodology The monitoring protocol and methodology follow the monitoring plan of the revised KMGBF NBSAP with the monitoring matrix, Table 40. This structure and its functionalities have been described in the monitoring plan. For the purpose of the revised KMGBF NBSAP, the matrix will be applied for headline, binary, component, complementary, impact, and performance indicators as stated earlier. It is used mainly by each of the members of the National Biodiversity Technical Committee (NBTC) to track progress in each of the revised KMGBF NBSAP action or target using the appropriate indicators provided. For monitoring the actions, for example, the Focal Point for an entity (in NBTC): i. Determines the baselines for each action stating: a) the value, b) the provided metric (as shown in the performance indicator), and c) the year when the record was entered or achievement was made for both the Baseline and Action sections. For any implementing entity, that is, the member of the NBTC, the baseline value is the last recorded achievement on that action, if the revised KMGBF NBSAP action already exists in the entity. For example, baseline data exists in the National Park Service for the following revised KMGBF NBSAP action: 1.11, 1.15, 1.16, and 1.17. Otherwise, the baseline value in whatever metric is, zero since the revised KMGBF NBSAP action is new in the entity. This record is as at 2025, depending on the project year of commencement. The same process is repeated for the Action section. However, the first entry in this Action section is of the desired or expected status or outcome of project on completion by mainly 2030, which has already been determined and stated in the project; ii. Continues to make subsequent entries only in the Action section as the project progresses and there are results; 252 iii. Inputs these results as actual achievement made or the current status with the period and in the appropriate metric in this Action section; iv. Repeats action (iii) over periods and collects data as frequently as is required by the NBCC; v. Records and keeps these data in reports. 253 Table 42 shows application of the monitoring matrix with the performance indicators to track progress of all the actions in the revised NBSAP; Table 43 is its application with the impact indicators to track progress of all the targets; Table 44: Monitoring KMGBF targets/goals with Headline and Binary Indicators or their Disaggregation; Table 45: Monitoring KMGBF targets/goals with Component Indicators (CI) or their Disaggregation (DI); Table 46: Monitoring KMGBF targets/goals with Complementary Indicators (CPI) or their Disaggregation (Indicator Disaggregation). Table 42: Monitoring the actions with performance indicators Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e 1.1. 1.Number of EA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 provisions in ESIA Department ber ber policy/guideline that promotes EA Review of biodiversity and Annual One-off

1.1. Strengthening ESIAs ecosystem services TBD Report and implementing the values strengthened. provisions of Environmental Impact Assessments

1.1.2. Percentage of EA % 2025 100 % 2030 ESIAs that include Department EA TBD Review of biodiversity and Annual Annually ESIAs ecosystem service Report values

1.2. Strengthening the 1.2.1. Number of EA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2023 Review of EA Annually capacities of the local ESIA projects Department ber ber 0 ESIAs Annual communities to completed with the Report 254 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e participation of Local Communities in the ESIA participate in ESIA decision-making process by providing process appropriate knowledge and skill 1.2.2. Number of EA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2023 acquisition representatives from Department ber ber 0 EA Review of Local Communities Annual Annually ESIA reportst sensitized on ESIA Report process

1.3. Ensuring 1.3.1. Number of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2023 transparency, published ber ber 0 accountability, and Environmental EA participation in ESIA Impact Statement Department EA decision-making with Local Review of Annual One-off processes. Communities’ ESIA reports Report participation Strengthening the 1.4.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Biodiversity Steering approved reports of ber ber reports of BSC reports Committee- meetings of the 255 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Biodiversity Steering Committee meetings

1.4.2. Proportion of FDF TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of budget resources ortio ortio Annual reports of Annually directed to support n n reports IMCB meetings IMCB

1.5 Establishing an 1.5.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Inter-Ministerial institutions in the ber ber reports of inter- Annual Committee on inter-ministerial One-off ministerial reports Biodiversity committee on committee Biodiversity

1.5.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Inter-Ministerial ber ber reports of inter- Annual Committee on ministerial Annually reports Biodiversity committee meetings held meetings

1.6. Establishing and 1.6.1. Number of State Ministry 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually implementing Sub- sub-national (State in charge of ber ber reports of sub- reports national (State and and Local Biodiversity national BSAPs Government) with 256 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Local Government) Published and (FDF to report levels of the National adopted BSAP on progress) Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, promoting 1.6.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 stakeholders’ stakeholders that ber ber Review of (including MDAs, participated in the reports of Annual local communities, NBSAP Revision One-off NBSAP reports and NGOs) process revision process participation

1.7. Establishing and 1.7.1. Number of LISDEL TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 coordinating a legislative ber ber Review of legislative network interventions reports on the for the captured in the legislative Annual One-off implementation of the legislative agenda interventions reports NBSAP for NBSAP NBSAP document 1.8.Strengthening 1.8 1. Number of FMEnv TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Multi Stakeholders capacity building ber ber reports of reports Committees on workshops held with Planning NBSAP biodiversity-related Committees on Research & 257 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e conventions and biodiversity- related Statistics protocol such as Dart Conventions and Technical committee protocols capacity building workshops

1.8.2. Number of FMEnv TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of projects ber ber reports of implemented as a Planning projects Annual result of the Research & Annually implemented as reports Capacity Building Statistics a result of workshops capacity built

1.9. Strengthening 1.9.1 Number of FMEnv TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually synergy among focal activities between ber ber reports of reports areas in the Ministry of Planning sectoral environment sector Environment and Research & participation in other Stakeholders Statistics NBSAP on NBSAP implementation implemented 258 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

1.10. Ensuring 1.10.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 regular monitoring monitoring and ber ber Review of and evaluation to evaluation activities reports of assess progress and carried out on monitoring and Annual Annually identify areas of NBSAP actions evaluation of reports improvement on the activities of the implementation of NBSAP NBSAP actions

1.11. Designating and 1.11.1. Number of NPS 7 Num 2025 37 Num 2030 upgrading the status New National Parks ber ber Review of Annual of thirty (30) forest established reports on New Annually reports reserves/game National Parks reserves, sacred groves and 1.11.2. Number of NPS 5 Num 2025 6 Num 2030 sanctuaries to Review of different ecosystem ber ber National Park status, reports of Annual types represented in Annually including marine location of reports the National Park protected areas National Parks system

1.11.3. Number of NPS 2 Num 2025 2 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off new marine ber ber reports of reports ecosystems 259 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e identified and upgraded to National Marine Parks ecosystems

1.11.4. Extent of NPS TBD Ha 2025 TBD Ha 2030 Review of natural ecosystems reports of area Annual by type coverage of Annually reports each National Park

1.12. Surveying the 1. 12.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 flora and fauna survey report of ber ber outside protected flora and fauna Review of Annual areas, including outside protected One-off survey report report sacred groves, areas community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and 1.12.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually assist local Communities ber ber reports of fauna reports communities in the assisted with and flora sustainable sustainable outside management of these management of flora protected areas and fauna outside 260 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e sites protected areas 1. 13. Documenting 1.13.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 and mapping the local Local Communities ber ber Review of communities’ with Conservation reports of local conservation areas areas documented Annual community Annually and strengthening reports conservation their management areas plans

1.13.2. Number of NARSDA, TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Local Communities FDF ber ber reports of local with mapped Annual community Annually Conservation areas reports conservation areas

1.13.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Local Community ber ber reports of local reports Conservation areas community with a supported conservation management plan areas 261 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

1.14. Strengthening 1.14.1. Number of Regional TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 the implementations new actions in the Development, ber ber of the Conservation Conservation NDDC Review of Strategy for Strategy for reports of Niger Annual Biodiversity in the Biodiversity in the Delta Annually reports Niger Delta Niger Delta Conservation implemented Strategy

1.15. Assessing the 1.15.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 status of biodiversity new National Parks ber ber resources in the with baseline data designated new especially on the Review of National Parks status of biodiversity survey reports Annual Annually resources on new Reports National Parks

1.16. Developing and 1.16.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually implementing new National Parks ber ber reports on Reports 262 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e management plans for with management development of the designated New plan developed new National National Parks Parks

1.16.2. Aggregate NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of implementation ber ber reports on status of Annual development of Annually management plans reports new National of New National Parks Parks

1.17. Strengthening 1.17.1 Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 the paramilitary status actions to strengthen ber ber of the Nigerian paramilitary status Review of National Parks to of National Park reports of enhance the level of service actions on Annual Annually biodiversity paramilitary reports protection in status of the protected areas NPS

1.18. Safeguarding of 1.18.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually wildlife corridors to wildlife corridors ber ber reports of reports ensure spatial identified and wildlife 263 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e development/habitat safeguarded corridors connectivity axes/Green 1.18.2.Number of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Infrastructure activities for ber ber maintaining and Review of restoring reports on Annual connectivity of Annually ecosystem reports natural ecosystems connectivity

1.19. Promoting 1.19. 1. Ratio of FMAFS TBD Rati 2025 TBD Rati 2030 Review of measures to reduce agricultural o o reports on agricultural wastes, extension workers to Agricultural Annual Annually fertilizers and agro- farmers Extension reports chemicals entering workers and rivers and wetland farmers

1.19.2. Quantity of FMAFS Min. TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Nitrogen and other of Water ber ber reports of water reports pollutants deposition Resource, quality in and water quality in Min. of ecosystems freshwater and Environment terrestrial 264 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e ecosystems

1.19.3. Proportion of FMAFS TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of total land area that is ortio ortio reports of land Annual under cultivation n n Annually under reports cultivation

1.20. Identifying the 1.20.1. Number of PC&EH, TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 pollutant sources and identified companies NESREA ber ber Review of purification capacity that discharge reports of of Nigeria’s wetlands, untreated effluent pollution of Annual rivers and oceans, for into Nigeria’s Annually wetlands and reports restoration measures wetlands, rivers, water bodies by oceans companies

1.20.2. Level of PC&EH TBD Leve 2025 TBD Leve 2030 Review of Annual Annually Nutrient loading in l l reports of reports freshwater and nutrient loading terrestrial in freshwater environment and terrestrial environment 265 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

1.20.3. Level of PC&EH TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Nutrient loading in ber ber reports of Annual marine environment nutrient loading Annually reports in marine environment

1.20.4. Number of NCDC TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Reported incidence (MINISTRY ber ber reports of of water-borne OF incidence of disease and illness in HEALTH) water-borne Annual communities around Annually diseases and reports wetlands and illness in uplands communities around wetlands

1.21. Ending gas 1.21.1 Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual flaring and manage incidence of oil ber ber reports on oil Annually reports oil spillage spillage spillage

1.21.2. Proportion of NOSDRA TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of remediation of oil ortio ortio reports of Annual Annually spillage n n remediation on reports oil spillage

1.21.3. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 266 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e reported pipelines ber ber reports of vandalized and repaired oil reports repaired pipelines 1.21. 4. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of outreach activities to ber. ber reports of reduce oil spillage outreach Annual Annually activities to reports reduce oil spillage

1.22. Preventing 1.22 .1. Percentage NPS TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 deforestation and of land and seas uses Review of degradation; covered by reports of land Annual protecting vital biodiversity- and sea uses Annually reports ecosystems by inclusive plans that include mapping areas of high biodiversity conservation value; and identifying areas 1.22.2. Red List of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Red suitable for Ecosystems ber ber Annual List of Annually sustainable forestry reports Ecosystems practices.

1.22.3. Extent of NPS TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha 2030 Review of Annual Annually reports of area 267 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e natural ecosystems coverage of natural reports ecosystems

1.23. Ensuring 1.23.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 International Government projects ber ber Cooperation for and activities on Review of coastal zone Biodiversity reports of Annual management by supported by support from Annually reports Strengthening the development development government partners partners partnership with development partners such as WACA 1.23. 2. Amount of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Project (e.g. GEF, investment on ber ber reports of level UNDP, World Bank Biodiversity by Annual investment from Annually and UNEP. etc.) partners reports development partners

2.1. Strengthening the 2.1.1. Number of ha FDF, DDLDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually measures for the of hotspots ber ber reports of reports restoration of each of improved restoration of the following land land degradation hotspots: degradation 268 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Amba (Nasarawa hotspots State), Badoko (Kaduna State), 2.1.2. Status of key NCF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Banaga (Zamfara biodiversity Areas, ber ber State), Ejeba (Delta State), Ifiang Nsung (Cross River State), Ilesha Ibaruba (Kwara State), Imeko Game Reserve and Review of Annual Aworo Forest Newsletter Annually reports Reserve (Ogun State), reports Orishaeze (Imo State), Oroma-Etiti (Anambra State), and Saki (Oyo State) by providing native plant species for planting to cover more areas. 2.2.. Establishing a 2.2.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually National Forest and Published reports ber ber reports on Reports Vegetation Recovery demonstrating areas National Forest Programme, of ecosystems and Vegetation 269 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e including mangroves restored through and other coastal National Forest and areas Vegetation Recovery Recovery Programme Programme

2.2.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Published reports ber ber demonstrating areas Review of of ecosystems reports on restored through Annual Mangrove and Annually Mangrove and reports Coastal Area coastal area recovery recovery programme

2.3. Enacting the 2.3.1. Act for the Federal 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Forestry Bill revised National Ministry of ber ber Review of to give legal backing Forest Policy Justice reports on Annual to National Forest published One-off National Forest reports Policy Policy 270 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

2.4 Establishing a 2.4.1. Number of Ministry of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of National Rivers and Dedicated national Water ber ber reports on Wetlands rehabilitation Resources National Annual Rehabilitation programmes and Annually Rehabilitation Reports Programme, linked to activities to reduce programme and reduction of pollution in Rivers activities pollutants and Wetlands

2.4.2. Free-flowing FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of rivers ber ber Annual reports on the Annually Reports state of Rivers

2.5. Promoting 2.5. 1. Number of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Natural Regeneration projects carried out ber ber reports on to increase the area by GGW Agencies NAGGW/ Annual DDM Natural Annually covered by pastoral, Reports NAGGW/DDA Department Regeneration large scale landscape Programme planning and Department enrichment planting 2.5.2. Increase in NAGGW/ TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of Annual Annually in the dry forest/shrub secondary natural DDA reports on Reports land through forest cover Department secondary improvement of natural forest 271 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biodiversity regeneration

2.5.3. Extent of NAGGW/ TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of natural ecosystems DDA reports on Annual by type Department Annually natural Reports ecosystems

2.6. Promote 2.6.1.Percentage FDF TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 alternative livelihoods increase in number for communities in of alternative Review of protected areas and livelihoods reports on Annual Annually ecosystem restoration introduced and alternative Reports areas implemented livelihoods

2.6.2. Percentage FDF TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually increase in Number reports on Reports of people engaged in alternative alternative livelihoods livelihoods two years after starting the practice 272 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

2.7. Develop pilot 2.7.1. Percentage ECN TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 community-based increase in Number sustainable energy- of community-based Review of efficient production energy efficient reports on Annual Annually facilities e.g. bio-gas, production facilities alternative Reports solar energy etc. provided livelihoods around protected areas and ecosystem restoration areas 2.7.2. Percentage ECN TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 increase in Number Review of of people around reports on protected areas using community- Annual community-based Annually based energy Reports energy efficient efficient production facilities facilities in PAs

2.8. Mapping the 2.8.1. Area under NARSDA 0 Ha. 2025 1 Ha. 2030 Review of Annual One-off location and extent of restoration maps of area Reports areas under under restoration by using restoration Geographic 273 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Information Systems (GIS)

3.1. Identifying sites 3.1.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of for new or expanded new sites for ber ber reports in Annual conservation areas conservation areas Newsletter for One-off Reports using spatial planning identified conservation areas

3.1.2. Status of key NCF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of biodiversity areas ber. ber reports in Annual Newsletter for Annually Reports Biodiversity status

3.2. Designating and 3.2.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of upgrading the status New National Parks ber ber reports in Annual of thirty(30) forest established Newsletter for Annually Reports reserves/game National Parks reserves, sacred establishment groves and sanctuaries to 3.2.2. NPS 5 Num 2025 6 Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually National Park status, Representation of ber ber reports in Reports including marine ecosystem type in Newsletter for the National Park National Parks 274 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e protected areas System. establishment

3.2.3. Number of NPS 0 Num 2025 2 Num 2030 new marine ber ber ecosystems Review of identified and reports in Annual Annually upgraded to Marine Newsletter for Reports Protected Areas Pas

3.2.4. Protected area NPS TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of coverage of Key reports in Annual Biodiversity Areas Annually Newsletter for Reports Pas

3.2.5. Coverage of NPS TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of Protected areas and reports in Annual OECMs Newsletter for Annually Reports PAs and OECMs

3.3. Implementing 3.3.1. Number of Ministry of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually the Conservation actions in the Niger Delta ber ber reports on the Reports Strategy for Conservation Niger Delta 275 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Biodiversity in the Strategy for Niger Delta Biodiversity in the conservation Niger Delta strategy implemented

3.4. Assessing the 3.4.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 status of biodiversity new National Parks ber ber Review of resources in the with baseline data on reports in Annual designated new status of biodiversity Newsletter for Annually Reports National Parks resources National Parks establishment

3.4.2. Baseline NPS 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of assessments of the ber ber reports in Annual status of biodiversity Newsletter for Annually Reports resources of new National Parks National Parks establishment Developing and 3.5.1.Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of implementing new National Parks ber ber reports in Annual management plans for with management Newsletter for Annually Reports the designated new plan prepared National Parks National Parks establishment 3.5.2.Number of NPS 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 276 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e new National Parks ber ber reports in with management Newsletter for Reports plan implemented National Parks establishment

3.6. Documenting and 3.6.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of mapping the local Local Community ber ber reports local Annual communities’ Conservation areas community Annually Reports conservation areas conservation and strengthening areas their

3.6.2. Distribution of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of management plans Local Community ber ber reports on local Annual Conservation areas community Annually Reports conservation areas

3.6.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Local Community ber ber Review of Conservation areas reports on local Annual with a supported community Annually Reports management plan conservation areas 3.6.4.Coverage of FDF TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of Annual Annually 277 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Protected areas and OECMS and reports on PAs traditional territories and OECMs (by governance Reports and traditional type) territories

3.7. Strengthening the 3.7.1 Number of NPS 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 paramilitary status of actions to strengthen ber ber the Nigerian National paramilitary status Review of Parks to enhance the of National Park reports in Annual level of biodiversity service Newsletter for Annually Reports protection in paramilitary protected areas status of NPS

3.8. Identifying 3.8.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually priority sites priority sites ber ber reports in Reports requiring requiring Newsletter for management actions management actions management of for Nigeria’s endemic for Nigeria’s endemic and and threatened endemic and threatened species threatened species species 278 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e identified and published 3. 9. Identifying 3.9.1. Number of NCF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 important sites for important sites for ber ber migratory species and migratory species Review of their conservation and their reports in needs conservation needs Newsletter for Annual Annually for management migratory Reports action identified and species published management

3.10. Surveying the 3.10.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 flora and fauna report of survey of ber ber Review of outside protected flora and fauna survey report on Annual areas, including outside protected flora and fauna One-off Reports sacred groves, areas outside community lands, protected areas abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and 3.10.2. Number. of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually assist local Communities reports of 279 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e communities in the assisted ber ber assistance to sustainable communities for management of these management of Reports sites conservation sites

3.10.3. Extent of FDF TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 indigenous peoples and local Review of communities’ lands reports IPLC Annual Annually that have some form conservation Reports of recognition lands

3.11. Safeguarding of 3.11.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 wildlife corridors in wildlife corridors ber ber Review of terms of spatial identified and reports on Annual development/habitat safeguarded Annually wildlife Reports connectivity corridors axes/Green Infrastructure

4.1. Conducting and 4.1.1. Number of NPS 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually publishing an reports on the ber ber reports in Reports 280 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e assessment of the conservation conservation status of priorities of endemic Newsletter for Nigeria’s endemic species published conservation of and threatened endemic species species

4.1.2. Number of NPS 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 reports on the ber ber Review of conservation reports in priorities of Newsletter for Annual Annually threatened species conservation of Reports published threatened species 4.1.3.Percentage of NPS TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of threatened species reports in that are improving in Newsletter for Annual Annually status threatened Reports species recovery

4.2. Identifying 4.2.1. Published NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually priority sites report of priority ber ber reports in Reports requiring sites requiring Newsletter for management actions management actions management of 281 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e for Nigeria’s endemic for Nigeria’s endemic and and threatened endemic and threatened species threatened species species 4.2.2.Percentage of NPS TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of threatened species reports in that are improving in Newsletter for Annual Annually status threatened Reports species recovery 4.2.3.Conservation NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 status of species ber ber Review of listed in the CITES reports in Appendices has Newsletter for Annual Annually stabilized or species in Reports improved CITES Appendicees

4.3. Identifying 4.3.1. Published NCF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually important sites for report that identifies ber ber reports in Reports migratory species and important sites for Newsletter for their conservation migratory species Migratory needs and their species 282 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e conservation needs for management action management

4.4. Establishing a 4.4.1. Existence of a NCF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 national centre / functional national ber ber Review of institute for centre/institute for reports in knowledge and knowledge and Newsletter for Annual Annually sustainable Use of sustainable use of biodiversity Reports Biodiversity biodiversity knowledge institute

4.5. In-situ 4.5..1. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of conservation of wild wild relatives of ber ber reports in relatives of cultivated both Cultivated Newsletter for plants; domesticated plants and wild relatives of Annual animals Domesticated Annually cultivated plants Reports animals present in and protected areas domesticated animals

4.6. Establishing 4.6.1. Number of NBRDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 283 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Nigerian National gene bank accession (NACGRAB) ber ber reports in gene bank for Newsletter for Reports cultivated plants and gene bank domesticated animals accession NBRDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 (NACGRAB ber ber

4.6.2. Number of Review of plant and animal reports in genetic resources Newsletter on Annual secured in medium- conservation of Annually Reports or long-term plant and conservation animal genetic facilities resources NBRDA TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually (NACGRAB) ortio ortio reports in Reports

4.6.3. The n n Newsletter for proportion of species populations within populations species with an effective population size > 500 284 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

4.6.4. Number of NBRDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 cultivated/domestica (NACGRAB) ber ber Review of ted/wild plant and reports in Annual animal relatives with Annually Newsletter for Reports genes stored gene storage 4.7. 4.7.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Establishing/Rehabilit Community Herbal ber ber reports on ating Community Heritage centres Annual community Annually Herbal Heritage established Reports Herbal Heritage Centres Centres

4.7.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Community Herbal ber ber reports on Heritage centres Annual community Annually rehabilitated Reports Herbal Heritage Centres

4.8. Educating and 4.8.1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Creating Awareness Communities that ber ber reports in Reports 285 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e among Protected participate in Newsletter for Areas (PAs) awareness raising awareness communities on the and educational creation in PA importance of activities communities wildlife conservation

4.9. Providing 4.9.1. Published FDF TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 compensations for expenditure report unt unt Review of Annual damages caused by on compensations reports on Annually Reports wildlife in and compensations outside the PAs.

4.10. Encouraging PA 4.10.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of and local communities ber ber reports on Annual Annually communities to plant approached human/wildlife Reports alternative crops that conflict are not consumed by the crop raiders in the 4.10.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of area. communities ber ber reports on Annual Annually utilizing alternative human/wildlife Reports crops conflict

4.11. Reducing 4.11.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually human settlements in PAs implemented ber ber reports on Reports and around the PAs. and published human/wildlife 286 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e conflicts

4.12. Developing 4.12.1. Red List FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of conflict mitigation Index (Wildlife) ber ber reports on Red Annual strategies such as life List Index of Annually Reports fencing or other human-wildlife methods to protect conflicts crops, humans, and livestock from the FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 threat and monitoring (Wildlife) ber ber

4.12.2. Trends in the Red List Index for Review of effective and species most affected reports on sustainable by human-wildlife sustainable Annual management of Annually conflicts such as the management of Reports human-wildlife elephant. human-wildlife conflict and conflicts coexistence

5.1. Promoting and 5.1.1. Proportion of Dept. of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually supporting fish stocks within Fisheries, ortio ortio reports on Reports sustainable fishing biologically Marine and n n sustainable practices such as sustainable levels Blue fisheries hook and line fishing, Economy 287 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e responsible gear use, and gear marking.

5.1.2. Proportion of Dept. of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 fishermen using Fisheries, ortio ortio fishing gear with Marine and n n Review of appropriate fishing Blue reports on Annual net mesh size Economy Annually sustainable Reports fisheries

5.2. Implementing 5.2.1. Bycatch of Dept. of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 measures like vulnerable and non- Fisheries, ber ber modified fishing gear target species Marine and or fishing methods to Blue Review of reduce the capture of Economy reports on Annual non-target species Annually sustainable Reports (bycatch). fisheries

5.3. Ensuring legal 5.3.1. Proportion of FDF TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually 288 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e international and legal and illegal (Wildlife) ortio ortio domestic trade meet wildlife trade n n reports on trade CITES criteria and consisting of species in threatened Reports does not contribute to threatened with species. the decline of extinction threatened species, with quotas set based 5.3.2. Sustainable FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 upon scientific use of wild species (Wildlife) ber ber Review of knowledge, at a reports on Annual minimum as Annually sustainable use Reports contained in the “non- of wild species detrimental findings” report

5.4. Ensuring that 5.4.1. Published risk FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Annual legal and illegal trade assessment on the (Wildlife) ber ber Review of Reports in wild animal species spread of zoonotic reports on One-of do not contribute to diseases through assessment the spread of zoonotic wild animal species report diseases trade

5.4.2. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually procedures for (Wildlife) ber ber reports on Reports mitigating the risks mitigation of the spread of measures 289 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e zoonotic diseases against zoonotic through trade on diseases wild animal species

5.5. Strengthening the 5.5.1. Proportion of FDF TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 implementation of Budgetary resources ortio ortio guidelines for directed to support n n Community-based the implementation Review of sustainable forest of guidelines for reports on management, Community-based budgetary Annual Annually including sustainable forest resources for Reports conservation and management conservation of sustainable use of biodiversity biodiversity

5.6. Promoting the 5.6.1. Number of NIPRD 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually integration of communities ber ber reports in Reports important medicinal participating in the Newsletter for plant species in system utilization of agroforestry systems medicinal plants by local communities in agroforestry for sustainability of systems 290 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e medicinal plants, 5.6.2. Number of NIPRD 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of income generation important medicinal ber ber reports in and health care plants used Newsletter for Annual utilization of Annually Reports medicinal plants in agroforestry systems

5.7. Conducting 5.7.1. Number of NIPRD 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of awareness campaigns awareness ber ber reports in Annual for Traditional campaigns Newsletter for Annually Reports Medicine awareness Practitioners (TMPs) campaigns in local communities on conservation and 5.7.2. Number of NIPRD 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of sustainable harvesting TMPs that ber ber reports in Annual wild medicinal plant participated in the Newsletter for Annually Reports species campaign awareness campaigns

5.8. Promoting 5.8.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually alternative livelihoods alternative ber ber reports on Reports for communities in livelihoods alternative conservation areas introduced livelihoods 291 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e and ecosystem restoration areas

5.8.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 people engaged in ber ber alternative Review of livelihoods two reports on Annual Annually years after starting alternative Reports the practice livelihoods

5.9. Developing pilot 5.9.1. Number of ECN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of community-based community-based ber ber reports in sustainable energy- energy efficient Newsletter for Annual efficient production production facilities Annually provision of Reports facilities e.g. bio-gas, provided energy efficient solar energy etc. facilities around conservation areas and ecosystem 5.9.2. Number of ECN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually restoration areas people around ber ber reports in Reports conservation areas Newsletter for using community- utilization of based energy energy efficient efficient production facilities 292 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e facilities

5.10. Resuscitating 5.10. 1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 the Forest Utilization Forest Utilization ber ber Review of Centres Centres rehabilitated reports on Annual Forest Annually Reports utilization Centres

5.11. Supporting 5.11.1. Number of FDF 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Ranches with ranches supported ber ber Annual reports on Annually appropriate Reports Ranches seeds/seedlings

5.12. Strengthening 5.12 1. Percentage FDF(wildlife) 0 % 2025 TBD % 2030 the CITES increase in implementation by implementation of Review of building the CITES reports on Annual Annually individual capacity in CITES Reports the Wildlife and implementation CITES Management division of FDF. 293 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

5.13. Implementing 5.13.1. Percentage of FDF TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 other international implementation of (wildlife) Review of cooperation and other relevant reports on agreements to address international Annual implementation Annually transboundary cooperation and Reports of international movement in wild agreements on cooperation species trade transboundary movement of species

6.1. Strengthening the 6.1.1. Budgetary NAQS TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 capacity of the support to the unt unt Nigerian Agricultural Nigerian Quarantine Services Agricultural Review of Department for Quarantine Service report on Annual effective border (Plant/Animal sectoral Annually Reports control Department) for allocations in effective border the budget control of IAS

6.2. Establishing a 6.2.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off national framework Adopted National ber ber report on the Reports for the control and Framework for the management management of control and and control of 294 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Invasive Alien management of Species (IAS) Invasive Alien IAS Species

6.3. Ensuring 6.3.1 Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of international countries in ber ber reports on collaboration on the collaboration with Annual country Annually prevention and Nigeria on IAS Reports partnership in control of Invasive IAS Alien Species

6.4. Promoting the 6.4.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of utilization of IAS in IAS-base products in ber ber Annual reports on IAS- Annually Nigeria the market and Reports based products systems

6.5. Strengthening 6.5.1. Proportion of FRIN TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of research on the budgetary support ortio ortio Newsletter impacts of IAS and for IAS research n n reports on Annual Annually update the existing budget Reports baseline on IAS status allocation for research

6.5.2. Rate of FRIN TBD Rate 2025 TBD Rate 2030 Review of Annual Annually invasive alien Newsletter 295 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e species spread reports on Reports spread of IAS

6.5.3. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 invasive alien ber ber Review of species introduction Newsletter Annual Annually events reports on IAS Reports introduction

6.5.4. Rate of FRIN TBD Rate 2025 TBD Rate 2030 invasive species Review of impact and rate of Newsletter Annual Annually impact reports on Reports impact of IAS

6.5.5. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of current baseline data ber ber Newsletter Annual on IAS status reports on Annually Reports Published baseline data on IAS 6. 6. Establishing an 6.6.1. Number of NAQS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually early warning and operational early ber ber reports on Reports 296 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e rapid response warning and monitoring of mechanism for IAS at response mechanism IAS the ports and border for IAS crossings

6.6.2. Number of NAQS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of ports and border ber ber reports on Annual Annually crossing with IAS monitoring of Reports rapid response team IAS

6.6.3. Rate of NAQS TBD Rate 2025 TBD Rate 2030 Review of invasive alien reports on Annual Annually species monitoring of Reports establishment IAS

7.1. Reducing 7.1.1. Ratio of FMA&RD TBD Rati 2025 TBD Rati 2030 Review of agricultural wastes, agricultural o o reports on Annual fertilisers and agro- extension workers to Agricultural Annually Reports chemicals entering farmers Extension rivers and wetlands workers

7.1.2. Index of PC&EH TBD Inde 2025 TBD Inde 2030 Review of Annual Annually coastal x x reports on Reports eutrophication monitoring of potential coastal water 297 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e quality

7.1.3. Trends in loss PC&EH TBD Tren 2025 TBD Tren 2030 Review of of reactive nitrogen ds ds reports on to the environment monitoring of Annual Annually the presence of Reports Nitrogen in the environment

7.1.4. Trends in PC&EH TBD Tren 2025 TBD trend 2030 Review of nitrogen deposition ds s reports on Annual monitoring of Annually Reports Nitrogen deposition

7.1.5. Quantity of PC&EH TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of Nitrogen and other ntity ntity report on the pollutants deposition presence of Annual and water quality in Nitrogen and Annually Reports freshwater and other pollutants terrestrial in the ecosystems ecosystems

7.2. Identifying the 7.2.1. Number of PC&EH TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually pollutant sources and identified reports on 298 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e purification capacity Companies that ber ber of Nigeria’s wetlands, discharge untreated companies rivers and coasts, for effluent into response to Reports restoration measures Nigeria’s wetlands, pollution rivers, coasts and terrestrial sites

7.2.2. Level of PC&EH TBD Leve 2025 TBD Leve 2030 Nutrient loading in l l Review of freshwater and reports on Annual terrestrial nutrient loading Annually Reports environment in the environment

7.2.3. Level of PC&EH TBD Leve 2025 TBD Leve 2030 Review of Nutrient loading in l l reports on Annual marine environment nutrient loading Annually Reports in the environment

7.2.4. Trends in the PC&EH TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of Annual Annually amount of litter in ntity ntity reports on litters Reports the water column, in water including columns 299 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e microplastics and on the seafloor

7.2.5. Number of PC&EH TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Reported incidence ber ber Review of of water-borne reports on disease and illness in incidences of Annual communities around Annually water-borne Reports wetlands and diseases and uplands illnesses

7.3. Strengthening 7.3.1. Amount of FMWR TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 Review of national water quality Resources mobilised unt unt reports on guidelines to support National resource Annual water quality Annually mobilization for Reports guidelines water quality guidelines 7.3.2.Proportion of FMWR TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually domestic and ortio ortio reports on Reports industrial treatment of 300 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e wastewater flow n n safely treated wastewater flow 7.3.3.Floating plastic FMWR TBD Dens 2025 TBD dens 2030 debris density (by ity ity Review of micro and macro reports on Annual Annually plastics) plastic debris Reports density

7.3.4. Level of FMWR TBD Leve 2025 TBD Leve 2030 Review of implementation of l l reports on National water implementation Annual Annually quality guidelines of National Reports Water Quality Guidelines

7.4. Ending gas 7.4.1. Deadline for NOSDRA 0 Date 2025 1 Date 2030 flaring and managing end of gas flaring Review of Annual oil spillage announced reports on gas One-off Reports flaring

7.4.2. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 301 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e reported infractions ber ber of laws on gas flares reports on gas Reports flaring

7.4.3. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 prosecutions for ber ber Review of infractions of laws Annual reports on gas Annually on gas flares Reports flaring 7.4. 4. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual incidences of oil ber ber reports on oil Annually Reports spillage spillage

7.4.5. Proportion of NOSDRA TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 remediation of oil ortio ortio spillage n n Review of Annual reports on oil Annually Reports spillage

7.4.6. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 302 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e reported ber ber reports on oil pipelines/equipment pipelines/equip failure and repairs Reports ment failure and repairs

7.4.7. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of outreach activities to ber ber reports on reduce oil spillage outreach Annual Annually activities to Reports reduce oil spillage

7.5. Promoting 7.5.1. Number of PC&EH TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of businesses that are businesses where ber ber reports on reducing plastic waste plastic waste is Annual plastic waste Annually and re-using existing reduced and existing Reports reduction and plastic plastic is re-used re-use published

7.5.2. Plastic debris PC&EH TBD Dens 2025 TBD dens 2030 Review of density ity ity reports on Annual Annually plastic debris Reports density

7.6. Educating and 7.6.1. Number of NOA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 303 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e creating Awareness campaigns held ber ber reports on on the effects of awareness Reports plastic use on the campaigns environment and ways of reducing 7.6.2. Number of NOA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 plastic waste participants in the ber. ber Review of campaign held reports on Annual Annually awareness Reports campaigns

7.7. Implementing 7.7.1. Pesticides FMA&NR 0 Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Integrated Pest environment ntity ntity Review of Management (IPM) concentration reports on Annual strategies that Annually pesticides Reports prioritize non- residues chemical methods especially in farming 7.7.2.Pesticide use FMA&NR TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of Annual per area of cropland ntity ntity reports on Annually Reports pesticides use

7.7.3. Name, FMA&NR TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of Annual Annually amount/volume/conc reports on 304 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e entration of highly ntity ntity hazardous pesticides pesticides use Reports by type (per per land/marine land/marine area) 7. 8. Conducting 7.8.1. Fertilizer Use FMA&NR TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of Annual education and ntity ntity reports on Annually Reports training programmes fertilizer use for farmers on best practices in fertilizer 7.8.2. Number of FMA&NR 0 No. 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of use training programmes ntity reports on Annual conducted Annually training Reports programmes 7.8.3.Number of FMA&NR 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Farmers trained ber ber reports on Annual Annually training of Reports farmers

7.9. Awareness 7.9.1.Municipal Environmenta 0 Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of campaigns to promote solid waste collected l Protection ntity ntity reports on Annual proper waste disposal and managed Agencies collection and Annually Reports practices management of municipal waste 305 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

7.10. Training 7.10.1.Hazardous NESREA TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of programs for proper waste generation ntity ntity Annual reports on Annually handling and disposal Reports hazardous waste of hazardous materials in 7.10.2. Number of NESREA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 workplaces training programs ber ber Review of Annual conducted reports on Annually Reports Training

7.10.3. Number of NESREA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Participants in the ber ber Review of Annual training programmes reports on Annually Reports held training

8.1. Strengthening 8.1.1. Provisions in EA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 and implementing the the ESIA that aid Department ber ber provisions of promotion of EA Environmental and biodiversity and Review of Annual Annually Social Impact ecosystem service ESIAs Report Assessments values strengthened.

8.1.2. Percentage of EA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of EA Annually 306 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e ESIAs that include Department biodiversity and Annual ESIAs ecosystem service Report values

8.2. Identifying sites 8.2.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of for new or expanded identified new sites ber ber Newsletter Annual conservation areas for conservation reports on new Annually Report from the relevant areas conservation surveys and strategies areas

8.3. Designating and 8.3.1. Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Upgrading the status New National Parks ber ber Review of of thirty (30) forest established since Newsletter Annual Annually reserves/game 2023 reports on new Report reserves, sacred National Parks grooves and sanctuaries to 8.3.2. NPS 5 Num 2025 6 Num 2030 National Park status, Review of Representation of ber ber including marine Newsletter Annual ecosystem type in Annually protected areas reports on new Report the National Park National Parks System.

8.3.3. Number of NPS 0 Num 2025 2 Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually new marine Newsletter 307 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e ecosystems ber ber identified and upgraded to National reports on new Report Parks since 2015 National Parks

8.4. Surveying the 8.4.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 flora and fauna report of survey of ber ber Review of outside protected flora and fauna survey reports Annual areas, including outside protected on fauna and One-off Report sacred groves, areas flora outside community lands, PAs abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and 8.4.2. Number of FDF 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually assist local published ber ber report on Report communities in the Communities assistance to sustainable assisted with communities on management of these sustainable conservation sites management of flora and fauna outside protected areas 308 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

8.5. Documenting and 8.5.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of mapping the local Local Community ber ber report on local communities’ with Conservation Annual community Annually conservation areas areas documented Report conservation and strengthening areas their management plans 8.5.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Local Communities ber ber report on local with mapped Annual community Annually Conservation areas Report conservation areas

8.5.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Local Community ber ber Review of Conservation areas report on local Annual with a supported community Annually Report management plan conservation areas

8.6. Strengthening the 8.6.1. Number of Ministry of 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually implementation of the new actions in the Niger Delta ber ber report on Niger Report 309 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Conservation Strategy Conservation for Biodiversity in the Strategy for Delta Niger Delta Biodiversity in the conservation Niger Delta strategy implemented

8.7. Safeguarding of 8.7.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 wildlife corridors in wildlife corridors ber ber Review of terms of spatial identified and report on Annual development/habitat safeguarded Annually wildlife Report connectivity corridors axes/Green Infrastructure

8.8. Ensuring 8.8.1. Number of FDF (Federal TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 International Government projects Ministry of ber ber Cooperation for and activities on Environment) Review of coastal zone Biodiversity report on Annual management by supported by support from Annually Report Strengthening the development development government partners partners partnership with development partners such as WACA 8.8.2. Amount of FDF TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 Review of Annual Annually Project (e.g. GEF, 310 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e UNDP, World Bank investment on unt unt report on and UNEP. etc.) Biodiversity by support from partners Report development partners

8.9. Strengthening the 8.9.1. Number of ha DDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of measures for the of the hotspots Department ber ber report on land Annual Annually restoration of each of improved degradation Report the following land hotspots degradation hotspots: Amba (Nasarawa 8.9.2. Above-ground DDA TBD Tone 2025 TBD Tone 2030 Review of Annual Annually State), Badoko biomass stock in Department s/ha s/ha report on forest Reports (Kaduna State), forests (tonnes/ha) biomass Banaga (Zamfara State), Ejeba (Delta State), Ifiang Nsung (Cross River State), Ilesha Ibaruba (Kwara State), Imeko Game Reserve and Aworo Forest Reserve (Ogun State), Orishaeze (Imo State), Oroma-Etiti 311 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e (Anambra State), and Saki (Oyo State) by providing native plant species for planting to cover more areas.

8.10. Establishing a 8.10.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Forest and Published reports on ber ber Review of Vegetation Recovery percentage of report on Programme, National Forest and National forest Annual Annually including mangroves Vegetation Recovery and vegetation Report and other coastal Programme recovery areas programme

8.10.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Published report on ber ber report on percentage of Mangrove and Mangrove and Annual coastal area Annually coastal area recovery Report forest and programme recovery programme

8.10.3. Index of FDF TBD Inde 2025 TBD Inde 2030 Review of Annual Annually coastal report on Index 312 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e eutrophication x x of coastal Report eutrophication

8.11. Establishing a 8.11.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Rivers and dedicated national ber ber Wetlands rehabilitation Review of Rehabilitation programmes and report on Programme, linked to activities to reduce National reduction of pollution in Rivers Annual rehabilitation Annually pollutants and Wetlands Report programmes to reduce pollution in Rivers 8. 12. Promoting 8.12.1. Number of NAGGW/ TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Natural Regeneration projects carried out DDA ber ber report on Annual Annually to increase the area by GGW Agencies Department Natural Report covered by pastoral, regeneration large scale landscape planning and 8.12.2. Increase in NAGGW/ TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually enrichment planting secondary natural DDA ber ber report on Report in the dry forest/shrub forest cover Department secondary land through Natural forest 313 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e improvement of biodiversity 8.13. 8.13.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Establishing/Rehabilit Community Herbal ber ber report on ating Community Heritage centres Annual community Annually Herbal Heritage established Report herbal heritage Centres centres

8.13.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Community Herbal ber ber report on Annual Heritage centres community Annually Report rehabilitated herbal heritage centres

8.14. Develop pilot 8.14.1. Percentage ECN TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually community-based increase in Number report on Report sustainable energy- of community-based community- 314 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e efficient production energy efficient facilities e.g. bio-gas, production facilities solar energy etc. provided based energy around protected efficient areas and ecosystem production restoration areas facilities

8.14.2. Percentage ECN TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 increase in Number Review of of people around report on protected areas using community- Annual community-based based energy Annually Report energy efficient efficient production facilities production facilities

8.15. Strengthening 8.15.1 Number of NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually the paramilitary status actions to strengthen ber ber report in Report of the Nigerian paramilitary status Newsletter on National Parks to of National Park paramilitary enhance the level of service status of the biodiversity NPS 315 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e protection in protected areas

8.16. In-situ 8.16. 1. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of conservation of Wild wild relatives of ber ber report on wild relatives of cultivated both Cultivated relatives of Annual plants; and plants and cultivated plants Annually Report domesticated animals Domesticated and animals present in domesticated protected areas animals

8.17. Ending gas 8.17.1. Deadline for NOSDRA 0 Date 2025 1 Date 2030 flaring and managing end of gas flaring Review of Annual oil spillage announced reports on gas One-off Reports flaring

8.17.2. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually reported infractions ber ber reports on gas Reports of laws on gas flares flaring 316 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

8.17.3. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 prosecutions for ber ber. Review of infractions of laws Annual reports on gas Annually on gas flares Reports flaring

8.17.4. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 incidences of oil ber. ber Review of Annual spillage reports on oil Annually Reports spillage

8.17.5. Proportion of NOSDRA TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual remediation of oil ortio ortio reports on oil Annually Reports spillage n n spillage

8.17.6. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 reported pipelines ber ber Review of vandalized and reports on oil Annual Annually repaired pipelines Reports vandalised

8.17.7. Number of NOSDRA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually outreach activities to ber. ber reports on Reports 317 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e reduce oil spillage outreach activities to reduce oil spillage

9.1. Identifying wild 9.1.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 species collectors people using wild ber ber resources for energy, TBD Review of food or culture reports on Annual (including firewood Annually utilization of Report collection, hunting wild species and fishing, gathering, medicinal use, craft making)

9.1.2. Percentage of FDF % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of the population in reports on the TBD Annual traditional occupation of Annually Report occupations local communities 9.1. 3. Percentage of FDF % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually the collectors to the reports on the Report population of the TBD occupation of communities local 318 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e communities

9.2. Identifying wild 9.2.1. Proportion of FDF Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of species currently juvenile and mature ortio ortio TBD reports on Annual being sustainably wild animal species n n Annually hunting of wild Report managed and utilized in hunting bags at animals check points

9.2.2. Proportion of FDF Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of round woods with ortio ortio TBD reports on the Annual and without pass- n n Annually extraction of Report harmer entering the round wood mills

9.2.3. Proportion of Federal Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 fishermen using Fisheries ortio ortio TBD Review of fishing gear with and Dept. n n Annual reports on Annually without appropriate Report fishermen fishing net mesh size at fishing points

9.2.4. Red List Index Federal Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually (species used for Fisheries ber ber reports on Report food and medicine) Dept. TBD fishermen 319 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

9.3. Implementing 9.3.1. Benefits from Federal Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of fishing quotas that the sustainable use Fisheries ber ber reports on TBD Annual limit the total catch of of wild species Dept. benefits of Annually Report a specific fish sustainable use species. of wild species 9.3.2.Proportion of Federal Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 fish stocks within Fisheries ortio ortio Review of biologically Dept. TBD n n Annual reports on fish Annually sustainable levels Report stock

9.3.3. Degree of Federal Leve 2025 TBD Leve 2030 implementation of Fisheries l l international Dept. TBD Review of instruments aiming reports on Annual to combat illegal, implementation Annually Report unreported and of international unregulated fishing instruments 320 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

9.4. Surveying the 9.4.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 flora and fauna Published reports of ber ber Review of outside protected survey of flora and TBD survey reports Annual areas, including fauna outside on flora and Annually Report sacred groves, protected areas fauna outside community lands, PAs abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and 9.4.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 assist local Communities ber ber communities in the assisted with Review of sustainable sustainable survey reports management of these management of flora on sustainable Annual sites and fauna outside Annually management Report protected areas flora and fauna outside PAs

9.5. Promoting 9.5.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually alternative livelihoods alternative ber ber survey reports Report for communities in livelihoods TBD on alternative protected areas and introduced livelihood 321 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e ecosystem restoration areas

9.5.2. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 people engaged in ber ber Review of alternative TBD survey reports Annual Annually livelihoods two on alternative Report years after starting livelihood the practice

10.1. Encouraging 10.1.1. Proportion of FMA&RD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 farmers in three (3) agricultural area ortio ortio selected areas to use under productive TBD n n Integrated Pest and sustainable Review of Management (IPM) agriculture reports on Annual techniques such as Annually agricultural Report crop rotation, areas biological pest control, and the use of pest-resistant varieties.

10.2. Promoting 10.2.1 Proportion of Dept. of Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually sustainable aquaculture area Fisheries, ortio ortio reports on Report aquaculture by under productive Marine and TBD n n aquaculture encouraging and sustainable Blue 322 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e responsible feed aquaculture. Economy sourcing, and minimizing the use of areas antibiotics in the three (3) selected areas.

10.3. Implementing 10.3.1. Proportion of Dept. of Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 sustainable fisheries fisheries area under Fisheries, ortio ortio management practices productive and Marine and TBD n n Review of Annual in the three (3) sustainable fisheries. Blue reports on Annually Report selected areas by Economy Fisheries areas reducing bycatch.

10.4. Implementing 10.4.1. Proportion of FDF Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 agroforestry practices forestry area under ortio ortio in the three (3) areas productive and TBD n n Review of under forestry by sustainable Annual reports on Annually introducing trees and agricultural Report Forestry areas shrubs into practices. agricultural landscapes.

10.5. Promoting 10.5.1. Progress FDF Prog 2025 TBD Prog 2030 Review of Annual Annually initiatives to replant towards sustainable ress ress reports on Report 323 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e deforested areas, forest management TBD sustainable restore degraded forest forests, and establish management new tree plantations

10.6. Encouraging 10.6.1. Proportion of Fed. Min. of Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 integrated land-use land that is degraded Lands and ortio ortio Review of planning practices over total land area Survey TBD n n reports on Annual Annually that consider extent of land Report ecological, economic, degradation and social factors 10. 7. Establishing a 10.7.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Forest and Published reports on ber ber Review of Vegetation Recovery percentage of TBD reports on Programme, National Forest and National Forest Annual Annually including mangroves Vegetation Recovery and Vegetation Report and other coastal Programme Recovery areas Programme

10.7.2. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Published reports on ber ber reports on Report percentage of TBD Mangrove and Mangrove and coastal area 324 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e coastal area Recovery Recovery programme Programme

10.8. Enactment of 10.8. 1. Act for the Num 2025 1 Num 2030 the National Forestry revised National ber ber Review of Bill to give legal Forest Policy FDF 0 reports on Annual backing to National published Annually National Forest Report Forest Policy Policy

10.9. Re-instate the 10. 9.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Forest meetings held by the ber ber Review of Development National Forest TBD reports on Annual Committee and Forest Development National Forest Annually Report Utilization Centres, as Committee (NFDC) Development part of the committee strengthened National Forest Policy 10.9.2. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Resolutions adopted ber ber reports on Report at each meeting of TBD resolutions the National Forest adopted at 325 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Development Committee (NFDC) NFDC

10.9.3. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Resolutions ber ber Review of implemented by the TBD reports on National Forest Annual resolutions Annually Development Report implemented by Committee (NFDC) the NFDC 10. 9.4. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Forest Utilization ber ber reports on Centres rehabilitated TBD Annual resolutions Annually and functional Report adopted at NFDC

10.10. Assessing the 10.10.1. Baseline NPS Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually status of biodiversity assessments of the ber ber Newsletter Report resources in the status of biodiversity TBD reports on designated new resources of new baseline National Parks assessment for 326 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e National Parks the new National Parks

10.10.2. Number of NPS Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of new National Parks ber ber Newsletter with baseline data, TBD reports on Annual especially status of baseline Annually Report biodiversity assessment for resources the new National Parks

10.11. Reducing 10. 11.1. Ratio of FMA&RD, Rati 2025 TBD Rati 2030 Review of agricultural wastes, agricultural o o reports on TBD Annual fertilisers and agro- extension workers to agricultural Annually Report chemicals entering farmers extension rivers and wetlands workers 10. 11. 2. Quantity PC&EH TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 of Nitrogen and ntity ntity Review of other pollutants reports on Annual deposition and water nitrogen Annually Report quality in freshwater deposition in and terrestrial the environment ecosystems 327 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

10.12. Strengthening 10.12.1. Number of LGA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of the capacities of local Projects replicated Authorities ber ber reports on Communities to with Community community Annual participate in natural participation in the Annually participation in Report regeneration of design and ecosystem wetlands, arid zone management of key projects vegetation, forests, ecosystems mangroves & other priorities identified 10.12. 2. Number of LGA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of capacity building Authorities ber ber reports on Annual Annually engagements capacity Report conducted building

10.13. Surveying the 10.13.1.Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 flora and fauna published report of ber ber Review of outside protected survey of flora and survey reports Annual areas, including fauna outside on flora and Annually Report sacred groves, protected areas fauna outside community lands, PAs abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and 10.13.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually assist local published ber ber reports on Report communities in the Communities assistance to sustainable assisted with communities for management of these 328 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e sites sustainable management of flora sustainable 10.13.1 and fauna outside management of protected areas flora and fauna outside PAs

10.14. Strengthening 10.14.1. Proportion FDF TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 the implementation of of Budgetary ortio ortio guidelines for resources directed to n n Review of Community-based support the reports on sustainable forest implementation of budgetary management, guidelines for resources for Annual Annually including Community-based community- Report conservation and sustainable forest based sustainable use of management sustainable biodiversity management

10.15. Engaging local 10.15.1. Number of State Forestry TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of artisans and juveniles of wild Authorities ber ber reports on Annual Annually practitioners such as species in hunting hunting of wild Report fishermen and bags species delivering specific,

10.15.2. Number of State Forestry TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 329 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e key conservation round woods with Authorities ber ber reports on messages. pass-harmer extraction of Report round woods 10.15 3. Number of Dept. of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 fishermen using Fisheries, ber ber fishing gear with Marine and Review of Annual appropriate fishing Blue reports on Annually Report net mesh size Economy fishing 10. 15. 4. Ratio of FMA&RD Rati 2025 TBD Rati 2030 Review of agricultural o o reports on TBD Annual extension workers to agricultural Annually Report farmers extension workers

10.16. Promote 10.16.1. Percentage FDF % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually alternative livelihoods increase in number reports on Report for communities in of alternative TBD alternative protected areas and livelihoods livelihood ecosystem restoration introduced and areas implemented and number of 330 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e organizations engaged (e.g. CSOs, NGOs, Women and Youth groups)

10.16.2. Percentage FDF % 2025 TBD % 2030 increase in number of people engaged in TBD Review of alternative reports on Annual livelihoods two Annually alternative Report years after starting livelihood the practice

11.1. Establishing 11.1. 1. Services NGOs Serv 2025 TBD Serv 2030 pollinator-friendly provided by ices ices habitats near ecosystems TBD Review of agricultural fields for reports on Annual Annually pollination of crops, ecosystem Report ensuring food services security and economic benefits 331 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e 11. 2. In-situ 11.2.1. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of conservation of Wild wild relatives of ber ber reports on wild relatives of cultivated both Cultivated relatives of Annual plants; and plants and cultivated plants Annually Report domesticated animals Domesticated and animals present in domesticated protected areas animals

11.3. Establishing 11.3.1. Number of NBRDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Nigerian National gene bank accession (NACGRAB) ber ber Annual report on gene Annually gene bank for Report bank accession cultivated plants and domesticated animals 11.3.2. Number of NBRDA Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of cultivated/domestica (NACGRAB) ber ber reports on ted/wild plant and TBD cultivated plants Annual animal relatives with and Annually Report genes stored domesticated animals with genes stored 11.4. 11.4.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Establishing/Rehabilit Community Herbal ber ber report on Report ating Community Heritage centres TBD community Herbal Heritage established herbal heritage 332 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Centres centres

11.4.2. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Community Herbal ber ber report on Heritage centres TBD Annual community Annually rehabilitated Report herbal heritage centres

11.5. Establishing a 11.5.1. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Rivers and dedicated national ber ber Wetlands rehabilitation TBD Review of Rehabilitation programmes and report on Annual Programme, linked to activities to reduce National Annually Report reduction of pollution in Rivers rehabilitation pollutants and Wetlands programme

11.5.2. Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 free-flowing rivers ber ber Review of Annual TBD Annually report on Rivers Report

11.6. Restoring 11.6.1. Proportion of FDF Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually wetlands for natural water with good ortio ortio report on water Report 333 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e water purification, ambient water TBD n n quality reducing pollution quality and protecting water for human use 11.6.2. Level of FDF level 2025 TBD Leve 2030 water stress l Review of TBD Annual report on water Annually Report stress

12.1. Creating or 12.1.1. Number of State/ FCT Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of expanding urban parks and gardens Environmenta ber ber Annual TBD report on Parks Annually parks and gardens established l Protection Report and Gardens within the cities of all Agencies the States and FCT to increase green spaces 12.1.2 Average State/ FCT Aver 2025 TBD Aver 2030 share of the built-up Environmenta age age area of cities that is l Protection TBD Review of Annual green/blue space for Agencies report on Green Annually Report public use for all and Blue areas 12. 2. Creating man- 12.2.1. Number of State/ FCT Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually made lakes, ponds, man-made pools etc. Environmenta ber ber report on man- Report pools in urban created l Protection TBD made pools centres/Rehabilitating Agencies 334 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e natural surface water or rivers or streams, waterfalls in urban 12.2.2 Number of State/ FCT Num 2025 TBD 2030 Review of centres to ensure they natural waterfalls Environmenta ber report on Annual rehabilitated l Protection TBD Annually can be used for Natural Report recreation and Agencies waterfalls relaxation

12.2.3. Recreation State/ FCT Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of and cultural Environmenta ber ber report on ecosystem services l Protection TBD Recreation and Annual Annually provided Agencies cultural Report ecosystem services

12.3. Establishing 12.3.1. Average Urban and Aver 2025 TBD Aver 2030 Review of Annual Annually green corridors that share of the built-up Physical age age report on public Report connect parks and area of cities that is Planning TBD green/blue other green spaces, green/blue space for spaces promoting public use for all biodiversity and providing continuous green access throughout the city 335 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

12.4. Enhancing 12.4.1. Number of Urban and Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 access points to access points for Physical ber ber TBD Review of existing green and existing green and Planning report on public blue spaces, ensuring blue spaces in urban Annual green/blue Annually they are available for and cities enhanced Report spaces in urban all, including the and cities elderly and people with disabilities.

12.5. Developing 12.5.1. Number of Federal C 2025 TBD Num 2030 educational educational Ministry of ber TBD Review of programmes that programmes that Education report on include outdoor include outdoor Annual educational Annually classes in green classes in green Report outdoor classes spaces, making them spaces developed in green spaces beneficial for health and learning

12.6. Organizing 12.6.1 Number of SUSTY Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually volunteer clean-up volunteers VIBES ber ber report on Report and maintenance African TBD volunteers events for parks, Climate and riverbanks, and other Environmenta 336 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e public green and blue l Foundation spaces 12.6. 2. Number of SUSTY Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 times clean-up and VIBES ber ber Review of maintenance are African TBD report on clean- carried out Climate and up and Annual Annually Environmenta maintenance of Report l Foundation green/blue spaces

12.7. Implementing 12.7.1. Number of Fed. Ministry Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 policies that require houses and of Housing ber ber Review of developers to include commercial projects and urban TBD report on Annual a certain percentage that have green/blue Development projects with Annually Report of green/blue space in spaces green/blue new housing and spaces commercial projects

12.8. Planting fruit- 12.8.1 Number of Environmenta TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of trees in homes homes with fruit l Protection ber ber Annual report on home Annually trees Agencies Report with fruit trees 337 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

12.9. Planting flowers 12.9.1 Number of Environmenta Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of in front of business business premises l Protection ber ber report on premises and at the with flowers at the Agencies TBD Annual flowers in Annually doors doors Report business premises

12.10. Adding plants 12.10. 1. Number of Environmenta Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of inside buildings buildings with plants l Protection ber ber report on Annual TBD Annually inside Agencies buildings with Report plants inside

12.11. Developing 12.11. 1. Number of Urban and Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 tree-lined streets, avenues and streets Physical ber ber Review of green bicycle paths, planted up Planning TBD report on tree Annual and pedestrian planting in Annually Report walkways avenues and streets

12.12. Conducting 12.12.1. Number of NOA Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually Awareness awareness ber ber report on Report Campaigns on the campaigns TBD awareness benefits of creating conducted campaigns urban green and blue 338 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e spaces.

13.1. Developing a 13.1.1. Published FDF Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of National ABS ABS national ber ber report on ABS Annual 0 One-off framework and framework national Report legislation framework

13.1.2. ABS legal FDF Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual instrument enacted ber ber report on ABS One-off 0 Report into law legal instrument

13.2. Developing and 13.2.1. Adopted FDF Num 2025 1 Num 2030 implementing policy guidelines for bio- ber ber guidelines for bio- prospecting, access 0 Review of prospecting, access and benefit sharing, report on ABS Annual and benefit sharing, and associated One-off national ABS Report and associated traditional guidelines traditional knowledge knowledge (intellectual property rights)

13.2.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually applications granted ber ber report on Report for bio-prospecting application for bio-prospecting 339 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

13.2.3 Number of FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 permits or their ber ber TBD Review of equivalents for report on genetic resources Annual permits for Annually (including those Report genetic related to traditional resources knowledge) by type of permit.

13.2.4. Total number FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of of permits, or their ber ber report on equivalent, granted TBD permits or their Annual Annually for access to genetic equivalents for Report resources genetic resources

13.2.5. Indicator on FDF Indic 2025 TBD Indic 2030 Review of monetary benefits ator ator report on Annual TBD Annually received monetary Report benefits

13.2.6. Indicator on FDF Indic 2025 TBD Indic 2030 Review of Annual Annually non-monetary ator ator report on non- Report benefits received TBD monetary 340 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e benefits

13.2.7. Estimated FDF % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of percentage of report on monetary and non- TBD monetary and monetary benefits non-monetary Annual Annually directed towards benefits Report conservation and directed to sustainable use of conservation biodiversity efforts

13.3. Developing and 13.3.1 Adopted sub- State Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of implementing a Sub- national regime on Government ber ber report on sub- Annual national (State and ABS 0 One-off national ABS Report Local Government regime levels) regime on ABS 13.3.2. Percentage of State % 2025 TBD % 2030 implementation of Government Review of sub-national ABS 0 report on sub- Annual Annually regime national ABS Report regime

13.4. Developing 13.4.1. National FDF Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off national ABS ABS Institutional report on sub- 341 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Institutional Structure Structure developed 0 ber ber national ABS institutional Report structure

13.5. Developing and 13.5.1. National FDF Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of implementing ABS operational ber ber report on 0 Annual national ABS Structure developed national ABS One-off Report Operational Structure operational structure

13.5.2. National FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of ABS operational ber ber report on TBD Annual Structure national ABS Annually Report implemented operational structure

13.6. Building 13.6.1. Number of International Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 capacity on ABS at workshops, seminars Collaboration ber ber Review of all levels by and conferences at TBD report on Annual Annually providing knowledge both local and workshops and Report and skill acquisition international levels seminars in genetic resources, sponsored. Digital Sequence Information (DSI), 13.6.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually and associated individual ber ber report on Report 342 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e traditional knowledge beneficiaries through workshops, seminars and workshops and conferences at both seminars local and international levels.

14.1. Conducting 14.1.1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of outreach and outreach and ber ber report on Annual awareness campaigns awareness outreach and Annually Report (radio, jingles etc.), campaigns. awareness information sharing campaigns and public discussions on 14.1.2. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Nigeria’s biodiversity states in Nigeria ber ber report on with outreach Annual and its significance to outreach Annually activities Report ecology, economy, activities in life and services, with States specific emphasis on local communities 14.1.3. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of radio jingles aired ber ber Annual report on Radio Annually Report and Jingles

14.1.4. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 343 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e adverts in television ber ber report on and newspapers adverts and Report newspaper

14.2. Producing and 14.2.1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 distributing publications ber ber publications in produced and Review of Annual appropriate local number of copies report on Annually Report languages and distributed. publications dialects on biodiversity and ecosystem services 14.2.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 for the public, local languages and ber ber Review of especially women and dialects covered by report on Annual youth outreach Annually languages and Report publications. dialects covered

14.3. Including 14.3.1. Number of FME TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually subjects and texts on biodiversity subjects ber ber report on Report biodiversity and texts included in biodiversity conservation into the each level of the subjects and national primary and texts included 344 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e secondary education education system. in school and the General systems Studies (GS) of tertiary institution 14.3.2. Number of FME TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 curricula primary, secondary ber ber Review of and tertiary report on institutions in which teaching of Annual biodiversity Annually biodiversity in Report conservation educational subjects are taught. institutions

14.4. Hosting annual 14.4.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 National Forum on Fora hosted. ber ber Review of Biodiversity for report on legislators and other Annual Annual Annually sectors of the Report biodiversity for economy a

14.5. Hosting an 14.5.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually annual National years (frequency) ber ber report on Report Biodiversity when a dialogue & hosting of 345 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e dialogue/conference, press conference are biodiversity and Press Conference held. dialogue or conference

14.6. Integrating 14.6.1 Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of biodiversity sectoral ber ber report on conservation into development plans Annual sectoral Annually sectoral development published that Report integration of plans at all levels promote biodiversity biodiversity conservation

14.7. Integrating 14.7.1. Proportion of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of biodiversity appropriated budget ortio ortio report on conservation into released for FDF n. n budget Annual Annually national appropriation Biodiversity appropriation Report for biodiversity by sectors 14. 8. Conducting 14.8.1. published FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Economic Valuation reports on TEEB ber ber Review of Annual of Biodiversity and studies and values of report on TEEB Annually Report national studies on biodiversity studies ‘TEEB’ resources

14.8.2. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 346 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e countries with ber ber implementation of report on TEEB the System of studies in Report Environmental Nigeria Economic Accounting 14. 9. Integrating 14.9.1. Number of Budget and TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of valuation of National accounts National ber ber report on Annual biodiversity into published that Planning National Annually Report national accounts, includes biodiversity Accounts for strategies and activities. biodiversity planning process

14.9.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of published ber ber report on development Promotion of strategies and plans biodiversity Annual Annually that promote values sectoral Report biodiversity values. development strategies and plans

14.10. Creating 14.10.1. Number of Economic TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually sectoral biodiversity sectors with sectors at all ber ber report on Report conservation published sectoral 347 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Advisory Desks at all biodiversity levels biodiversity levels Conservation conservation Advisory Desk Advisory Desk

15.1. Developing and 15.1.1. Policy FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 implementing policy measures on ber ber measures to businesses assessing Review of encourage and enable and disclosing report on policy businesses to: biodiversity measures on Annual Regularly monitor, dependencies, risks One-off biodiversity and Report assess, and and reducing operations of transparently disclose negative impacts businesses their risks, published dependencies and impacts on biodiversity; Provide 15.1.2 Policy FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually information needed to measures on ber ber report on policy Report consumers to promote businesses assessing measures on sustainable and disclosing biodiversity and consumption patterns; biodiversity operations of and Report on dependencies, risks businesses compliance with and reducing access and benefit- negative impacts 348 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e sharing regulations implemented and measures, as applicable. 15.1.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of companies reporting ber ber report on policy on disclosure of measures on Annual Annually risks, dependencies biodiversity and Report and impacts on operations of biodiversity businesses

15.2. Identifying 15.2.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of large and large and ber ber report on Annual transnational transnational biodiversity and Annually Report companies and companies operations of financial institutions businesses and other businesses

15.2.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of financial institutions ber ber report on biodiversity and Annual Annually operations of Report Financial institutions

15.2.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually other businesses ber ber report on Report biodiversity and 349 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e operations of businesses

15.3. Developing 15.3.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of handbills identifying beneficiary ber ber report on Annual biodiversity businesses biodiversity and Annually Report dependence, operations of biodiversity-related businesses risks to business, and negative and positive 15.3.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of impacts of business companies ber ber report on Annual on biodiversity for publishing biodiversity and Annually Report each of the businesses sustainability reports operations of businesses

15.4. Encouraging 15.4.1. Species FDF TBD STA 2025 TBD STA 2030 Review of Annual Annually businesses to threat abatement and R R report on the Report contribute to the restoration metric metr metr IUCN Red List restoration of natural ic ic of threatened habitats that are Species data crucial for threatened species, such as reforestation projects and wetland 350 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e restoration activities.

15.5. Regularly 15.5.1 Number of NESREA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 monitoring reported infractions ber ber compliance of of policy on Review of businesses to the businesses’ report on Annual policy requirements reduction of biodiversity and Annually Report negative impact on operations of biodiversity businesses

15.5.2. Number of NESREA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 prosecutions for ber ber Review of infractions of policy report on Annual on businesses’ biodiversity and Annually Report reduction of operations of negative impact on businesses biodiversity

15.6. Creating a task 15.6.1. Indicator NESREA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually force for Nature- based on Task ber ber report on Report related Financial Indicator Force for biodiversity and Disclosures Nature-related operations of Financial Financial 351 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Disclosures institutions

16.1. Developing and 16.1.1. Policy FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 implementing policy measures on ber ber Review of that addresses food addressing food report on food waste and waste waste and waste waste and waste Annual generation across the generation across the One-off generation in Report agricultural value agricultural value Agricultural chain chain published value chain

16.1.2. Policy FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 measures on ber ber Review of addressing food report on food waste and waste waste and waste Annual generation across the One-off generation in Report agricultural value Agricultural chain implemented value chain

16.1.3. Ecological FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually footprint ber ber report on food Report waste and waste generation in 352 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Agricultural value chain 16. 2. Developing and 16.2.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of implementing a adopted National ber ber report on National Strategy and Strategy and Action Annual sustainable One-off Action Plan for Plan for Sustainable Report consumption Sustainable Consumption and and production Consumption and Production Production to promote consumption 16.2.2. Adopted FDF 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 patterns that remain National Strategy ber ber Review of within biological and Action Plan for report on Annual limits in an equitable Sustainable sustainable Annually Report way and reduction of Consumption and consumption food waste; Production and production implemented

16.3. Conducting 16.3.1. Number of NOA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of campaigns to raise Awareness ber ber report on Annual Annually awareness about food campaigns held awareness Report waste food waste campaigns across the agricultural value chain and 16.3.2 Ecological NOA NA Num 2025 Ecologi Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually providing tips on how footprint ber cal ber report on food Report 353 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e consumers can footprin waste and waste minimize waste at t generation in through proper Agricultural storage. value chain

16.4. Conducting 16.4.1. Recycling NOA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 educational rate ber ber campaigns to raise Review of awareness about the report on importance of Annual awareness Annually recycling practices, Report campaigns for and environmental recycling benefits of recycling to encourage behaviour change.

16.5. Implementing 16.5.1. Recycling Environmenta 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually waste separation rate l Protection ber ber report on Report programmes at the Agencies recycling community or organizational level to encourage proper sorting of recyclable materials from food waste, making it 354 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e easier to recycle and divert waste from landfills

16.6. Promoting 16.6.1. Levels of FMA&RD 0 Leve 2025 TBD Leve 2030 Review of sustainable farming poverty in ls ls report on Annual practices that improve developing sustainable Annually Report soil health, reduce communities farming chemical inputs, and practices increase soil resilience, thereby 16.6.2. Food waste FMA&RD 0 Ton 2025 TBD Ton 2030 Review of index nes nes Annual reducing both food report on food Annually Report waste and poverty. waste

16.7. Developing 16. 7.1. Clearing FDF 1 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 information-sharing House Mechanism ber ber Review of Annual platform to ensure developed/rehabilitat One-off report on CHM Report seamless access to ed for access to information by consumers. consumers

16.7.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually visits by consumers ber ber report on CHM Report

17.1. Strengthening 17.1.1. increase in NBMA NA Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually biosafety measures number of projects report on Risk 355 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e and Institutional and programmes to ber ber assessment and capacities strengthen risk risk assessment and risk Report management of management of GMOs GMOs

17.1.2. Number of NBMA NA No. 2025 1 No. 2030 Review of countries that report on Risk establish and assessment and Annual Annually implement risk risk Report management management of measures GMOs

17.1.3. Number of NBMA NA Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually countries that carry ber ber report on Risk Report out scientifically assessment and sound risk risk assessments to management of support biosafety GMOs decision-making 356 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

17.1.4. Number of NBMA NA Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of countries that ber ber report on Annual Annually implement their biosafety Report biosafety measures measures

17.1.5. Number of NBMA NA Num 2025 1 Num 2030 countries that have ber ber Review of the necessary report on Annual Annually biosafety legal and biosafety Report administrative measures measures in place 17.1.6. increase in NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 number of projects ber ber Review of and programmes to Annual report on GMO Annually strengthen GMO Report detection detection and analysis

17.1.7. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually countries that have ber ber report on Report the necessary biosafety measures and means measures and for detection and means for identification of detection of 357 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e products of biotechnology products of biotechnology

17.1.8. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually increase in number report on Report of projects and biosafety programmes to surveillance, strengthen biosafety enforcement surveillance, and compliance enforcement and compliance 358 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

17.1.9. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of increase in the report on number of biosafety biosafety staff staff and and stakeholders whose stakeholders Annual capacity for capacity Annually Report regulation of modern building for and emerging regulation of biotechnologies is modern and built and/or emerging strengthened biotechnologies 17.1.10.Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of increase in the report on number of biosafety biosafety Annual Annually staff participating in bilateral and Report biosafety bilateral multilateral and multilateral engagements

17.1.11. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually increase in funding report on Report of the National funding of Biosafety measures National Biosafety 359 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e measures

17.2. Developing and 17.2.1. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 reviewing biosafety new biosafety ber ber Review of regulatory regulatory report on Annual instruments instruments biosafety Annually Report developed and Regulatory validated by Instruments stakeholders

17.2.2. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 existing biosafety ber ber Review of instruments report on reviewed and Annual existing Annually validated by Report biosafety stakeholders Instruments

17.3. Creating 17.3.1. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually enabling environment increase in number report on safe Report for participation of of institutions modern Nigerians in safe and certified to conduct biotechnologica responsible safe modern l research application of biotechnological 360 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biotechnological research research for the benefits of Nigerians 17.3.2.Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 increase in the Review of number of report on safe Annual authorized modern modern Annually Report biotechnological biotechnologica research and field l research trials in Nigeria 17.3.3.Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 professionals with ber ber the capacity to carry Review of out modern report on safe biotechnological modern Annual Annually research and field biotechnologica Report trials in certified l research and institutions field trials

17.3.4. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually approved products ber ber report on Report arising from the products of safe authorized safe and modern 361 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e responsible biotechnological biotechnologica research that are of l research benefits to Nigerians

17.4. Strengthening 17.4.1. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of advocacy and increase in the report on sensitization on number of advocacy advocacy and Annual Annually Biosafety measures and sensitization sensitization Report and in the programmes on programmes on participation in safe biosafety held biosafety biotechnological research. 17.4.2. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of increase in the report on Annual number of people sensitization Annually Report sensitized on programmes on biosafety biosafety

17.4.3. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually increase in the report on Report number of advocacy advocacy and and sensitization sensitization programmes programmes on implemented on safe safe modern modern biotechnology 362 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biotechnology research and its research, and its benefits benefits

17.4.4. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of increase in number report on of people sensitized sensitization for Annual on safe modern Annually safe modern Report biotechnology and biotechnology benefits arising from and benefits it

17.5. Facilitate 17.5.1. Development NBMA 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Information Sharing of national database ber ber Review of and Transparency for GMO releases to Annual report on GMO One-off promote information Report database exchange and transparency

17.5.2. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off countries with ber ber report on Report mechanisms to mechanisms to facilitate the sharing facilitate the of and access to sharing of and information on access to 363 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e potential adverse information on impacts of potential biotechnology on adverse impacts biodiversity and of human health biotechnology on biodiversity and human health

17.5.3. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 increase in number of mandatory Review of information report on Annual uploaded on the mandatory Annually Report BCH to promote information on information the BCH exchange and transparency

17.5.4. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually increase in number report on Report of capacity building capacity carried out to building to enhance enhance stakeholders’ ability stakeholders’ 364 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e to access ability to access information on the information on Biosafety clearing the BCH house

17.5.5. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of increase in number report on public of public consultations consultations and and engagements held to engagements Annual incorporate incorporate Annually Report stakeholders’ inputs stakeholders’ into biosafety inputs into decision-making biosafety process decision- making process

17.6. Strengthening 17.6.1. Percentage NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually the implementation of increase in the report on Report the Nagoya-Kuala number of systems systems Lumpur established to established to Supplementary implement Nagoya- implement Protocol on Liability Kuala Lumpur Nagoya-Kuala and Redress to the Supplementary Lumpur Cartagena Protocol Protocol on Liability Supplementary 365 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e on Biosafety and Redress Protocol on Liability and Redress

17.6.2. Percentage of NBMA 0 % 2025 1 % 2030 Review of Parties to the report on Nagoya – Kuala Parties to the Lumpur Annual Nagoya – Kuala One-off Supplementary Report Lumpur Protocol Supplementary Protocol

17.6.3. Number of NBMA 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of biosafety staff and ber ber report on stakeholders whose capacity capacities have been building to built to implement implement Annual Nagoya-Kuala Nagoya-Kuala Annually Report Lumpur Lumpur Supplementary Supplementary Protocol on Liability Protocol on and Redress Liability and Redress 366 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

17.7. Put measures in 17.7.1. Number of 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of place for the equitable mechanism and ber ber report on access to results and activities put in FDF mechanism and benefits arising from place to support the activities to safe biotechnology equitable access to support the based on genetic results arising from equitable access resources from safe biotechnology to results Annual Nigeria. based on genetic arising from Annually Report resources provided safe in Nigeria biotechnology based on genetic resources provided in Nigeria

17.7.2. Percentage of NBMA 1 % 2025 1 % 2030 Review of Annual One-off Parties to the report on Report Cartagena Protocol Parties to the on Biosafety Cartagena implementing the Protocol on relevant provisions Biosafety of the Protocol implementing the relevant 367 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e provisions of the Protocol

17.7.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of results of safe ber ber report on safe biotechnology based biotechnology on genetic resources based on provided in Nigeria genetic Annual Annually that are equitably resources Report accessed provided in Nigeria that are equitably accessed

17.7.4. Number of FMAFS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of benefits provided ber ber report on Annual Annually benefits Report provided

17.7.5. Number of FMAFS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual beneficiaries of the ber ber report on Annually Report benefits beneficiaries

17.8. Monitoring and 17.8.1. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually evaluating the monitoring and report on 368 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e effectiveness of evaluation ber ber monitoring and Nigeria Biosafety instruments evaluation System developed to assess instruments the effectiveness and developed to impact of biosafety assess the Report system in Nigeria effectiveness and impact of biosafety system in Nigeria

17.8.2. Number of NBMA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Monitoring and ber ber report on evaluation carried Monitoring and out to assess the evaluation to effectiveness and assess the Annual Annually impact of biosafety effectiveness Report systems on Nigeria and impact of biosafety systems on Nigeria

18.1. Identifying 18.1.1 Number of FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off subsidies, that are subsidies harmful to ber ber report on Report harmful to biodiversity subsidies 369 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biodiversity by 2025 published by 2025 harmful to biodiversity

18.1.2. Amount of Fed. Min. TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 fossil-fuel subsidies Budget, unt unt Review of per unit of GDP Finance and report on Annual (production and National subsidies Annually Report consumption) Planning harmful to biodiversity

18.2. Determining 18.2.1. Value of National NA Valu 2025 1 Valu 2030 Review of annual financial cost subsidies and other Assembly e e report on of subsidies and other incentives harmful redirection or Annual incentives that are to biodiversity that is elimination of Annually Report harmful to redirected, subsidies biodiversity by 2025 repurposed or harmful to and redirecting or eliminated. biodiversity repurposing them

18.2.2. Trends in the Fed. Min. TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually number and value of Budget, ber ber report on fossil Report government fossil Finance and fuel fuel support National measures Planning 370 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

18.3. Reforming, 18.3.1. Published Fed. Min. 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of redirecting or reform, redirection Budget, ber ber report on repurposing 100% of or repurposing of Finance and reform, Annual agricultural subsidies subsidies harmful to National redirection of Annually Report and other incentives biodiversity Planning subsidies that are harmful to harmful to biodiversity by 2030 biodiversity

18.3.2. Value of Fed. Min. TBD Valu 2025 TBD Valu 2030 subsidies and other Budget, e e Review of incentives harmful Finance and report on to biodiversity that National elimination of Annual have been Planning Annually subsidies Report eliminated, phased harmful to out or reformed biodiversity

18.4. Scaling up of 18.4.1. Positive FMEnv TBD Nam 2025 TBD Nam 2030 Review of Annual Annually positive incentives in place to es es report on Report incentives/subsidies promote biodiversity positive for the conservation conservation and incentives that and sustainable use of sustainable use. promote 371 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biodiversity. biodiversity

18.4.2. Number of FMEnv 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of countries with ber ber report on Annual One-off biodiversity-relevant biodiversity- Report taxes relevant taxes

18.4.3. Number of FMEnv 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of countries with ber ber report on biodiversity-relevant Annual biodiversity- One-off charges and fees Report relevant charges and fees

18.4.4. Number of FMEnv TBD Nam 2025 TBD Nam 2030 Review of positive subsidies es es report on Annual Annually scaled up positive Report subsidies

19.1. Conducting an 19.1.1. Published BDCP 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of NBSAP resource report of NBSAP ber ber report on Annual needs assessment resource needs NBSAP One-off Report assessment Resource needs assessment 19. 2. Establishing a 19.2.1. Published FMEnv 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off 372 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e national funding and adopted national (Planning, ber ber report on mechanism for funding mechanism Research national funding Report biodiversity for biodiversity Statistic) mechanism for biodiversity

19.2.2. Domestic FMEnv 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of public funding of (Planning, ber ber report on conservation and Research Annual NBSAP One-off sustainable use of Statistic) Report Resource needs biodiversity and assessment ecosystems

19.3. Integrating 19.3.1. Proportion of FDF TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of biodiversity appropriated budget ortio ortio report on Annual Annual conservation into released for n n. funding of Report national appropriation Biodiversity biodiversity

19.4. Strengthening 19.4.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually the government Government projects ber ber report on Report partnership with and activities on Development development partners Biodiversity Partners’ (e.g. GEF, UNDP and supported by support for UNEP.) development biodiversity partners 373 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

19.4.2 Amount of FDF TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 funding provided unt unt through the Global Review of Environment report on Facility and Annual funding of Annually allocated to the Report biodiversity biodiversity focal from GEF area

19.4.3. Dollar value FDF TBD Doll 2025 TBD Doll 2030 of financial and ar ar Review of technical assistance valu valu report on (including through e e financial and North-South, South- technical Annual South and triangular Annually assistance Report cooperation) committed to committed to developing developing countries countries

19.4.4. International FDF TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 Review of Annual Annually public funding, unt unt report on Report 374 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e including official International development public funding assistance for including conservation and official sustainable use of development biodiversity and assistance for ecosystems biodiversity 19.4.5.Foreign direct FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 investment, official ber ber Review of development report on assistance and official South-South Annual development Annually cooperation as a Report assistance, and proportion of total south-south domestic budget cooperation

19.5. Encouraging the 19.5.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually private sector to private sectors with ber ber report on Report invest in biodiversity, investment in Private sector including through biodiversity investment in impact funds and conservation biodiversity other instruments; published 375 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

19.5.2. Private FDF TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 funding (domestic unt unt Review of and international) of report on Annual conservation and Private sector Annually Report sustainable use of investment in biodiversity and biodiversity ecosystems

19.5.3. Amount of FDF TBD Amo 2025 TBD Amo 2030 Review of biodiversity-related unt unt report on philanthropic biodiversity- Annual Annually funding related Report philanthropic funding

19.6. Establishing 19.6.1. National FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of and implementing a procedure for PES ber ber report on the national procedure for established establishment of Annual One-off Payment for National Report Ecosystem Services procedure for (PES), to enhance PES private sector investment and 19.6.2. National FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off corporate social procedure for PES ber ber report on the Report implemented implementation 376 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e support to Nigeria’s of National biodiversity procedure for protection PES

19.6.3. Number of FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 countries (and ber ber number of Review of Annual instruments) with One-off report on PES Report payments for ecosystem services programs

19.7.1. Percentage FDF TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 increase in Review of 19. 7. Synergizing biodiversity funding report on Annual with climate finance Annually resulting from Access to Report access to climate climate finance finance

20.1. Determining 20.1.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off prioritised capacity NBSAP ber ber report on Report building needs for implementation NBSAP government agencies, Capacity Needs Capacity Needs NGOs and local Assessment communities to 377 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e implement the NBSAP by conducting NBSAP implementation Capacity Needs Assessment

20.2. Developing 20.2.1. Number of FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 training guides and training guides and ber ber Review of modules for modules for NBSAP report on Annual prioritised capacity implementation Annually NBSAP Report building needs Capacity Needs

20.3. Building 20.3.1. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually capacity of proposals and Partners ber ber report on Report government officials training for NBSAP and individuals for individuals for Capacity Needs prioritised NBSAP prioritised NBSAP implementation implementation capacity development capacity needs in relevant development needs 378 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e organizations including NGO’s through meetings, 20.3 2. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 seminars and beneficiaries trained Partners ber ber conferences both in prioritised Review of locally and NBSAP report on Annual implementation Annually internationally NBSAP Report capacity Capacity Needs development needs

20.4. Identifying 20.4.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 technologies needed technologies needed ber ber to develop, access, to develop, access & Review of transfer and diffuse to transfer published report on Annual achieve its national Annually NBSAP Report targets and also Capacity Needs contribute to the global goals and targets

20.5. Developing a 20.5.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off capacity-development capacity ber ber report on Report plan for biodiversity development plan NBSAP 379 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Capacity Needs

20.6. Promoting 20.6.1. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 South-South and South-south and Partners ber ber Review of North-South technical North-South report on South- and scientific technical and South and cooperation on scientific North-South Annual Annually biodiversity cooperation on technical and Report biodiversity scientific published cooperation on biodiversity

20.6.2. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of beneficiaries Partners ber ber report on South- South and North-South Annual Annually technical and Report scientific cooperation on biodiversity

21.1. Conducting a 21.1.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off National Biodiversity National ber ber report on Report Resources Biodiversity National 380 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Assessment to Assessment report increase the level of standardisation and Biodiversity interoperability Assessment among existing data, tools and platforms

21.2. Digitizing 21.2.1. Number of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of existing information existing information ber ber report on on various species, digitized FDF Digitizing Annual their conservation existing Annually Report status, and factors information in impacting their the national populations in the CHM National Clearing House Mechanism 21.2.2. Species FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 (CHM): www.chm- Status Index ber ber Review of cbd.com.ng report on Annual information in Annually Report the national CHM

21.3. Developing and 21.3.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off 381 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e implementing Open- Open-Access and ber ber report on Open Access and open data Open-data policies Access and Report policies to facilitate Open-data and support easier policies access.

21.3.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of visits ber ber report on Annual Information in Annually Report the national CHM

21.4. Conducting 21.4.1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of outreach and outreach & ber ber report on awareness campaigns awareness Annual Outreach and Annually (radio, jingles etc.), campaigns. Report awareness information sharing campaigns and public discussions on 21.4.2. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Nigeria’s biodiversity public discussions. ber ber Annual report on Public Annually and its significance to Report discussion ecology, economy, life and services, with

21.4.3. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually specific emphasis on states in Nigeria ber ber report on Report local communities with outreach Outreach 382 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e activities. activities in the States

21.4.4. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of radio jingles aired ber ber Annual report on Radio Annually Report jingles

21.4.5. Number of NOA NA Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of adverts in television ber ber report on Annual and newspapers Adverts in Annually Report television and newspapers

21.5. Producing and 21.5.1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 distributing publications ber ber publications in produced and Review of Annual appropriate local number of copies report on Annually Report languages and distributed. publications dialects on biodiversity and ecosystem services 21.5.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually for the public, local languages and ber ber report on local Report especially women and dialects covered by language and 383 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e youth outreach dialectic publications. covered by outreach

21.6. Establishing 21.6.1. Number of FMENV TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 synergy among focal activities between (Planning, ber ber Review of areas in the Ministry of Research & report on environment sector Environment and Statistics) sectoral Annual other Stakeholders Annually cooperation in Report on NBSAP NBSAP implementation implementation

21.7. Conducting and 21.7.1 Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 implementing Capacity Building Partners ber ber Review of capacity-building activities report on Annual Annually programmes on implemented by Capacity Report Knowledge Development building management; and Partners training of experts and researchers in 21.7.2. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually species assessment beneficiaries or Partners ber ber report on Report methodologies to participants Capacity 384 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e expand the coverage building of species assessed on the IUCN Red List. 21.7.3. Proportion of Development TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of known species Partners ortio ortio report on IUCN assessed through n n Annual Red List of Annually The IUCN Red List Report threatened of Threatened Species Species

21.8. Strengthening 21.8.1. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of the existing dedicated, operable Partners ber ber report on Annual Monitoring System vehicles made Dedicated Annually Report available to Desk operable Officers vehicles 21.8.2.Indicator on FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 biodiversity ber ber Review of information for the report on Annual One-off monitoring the Indicators for Report global biodiversity GBF framework

21.9. Implementing 21.9.1. Species FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually regular monitoring Status Index ber ber report from Report programs to collect Monitoring 385 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e data on species populations, trends, programs for and threats to update species status the Species Status Index

21.10. Supporting 21.10.1. Number. of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 research and research and partners ber ber Review of innovation required to innovations on report on generate necessary generation of data, Annual Research and Annually data, information, and information, and Report innovation for knowledge. knowledge data generation supported, published

22.1. Strengthening 22.1.1. Number of LGAs TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually the capacities of local Projects replicated ber ber report on Report Communities to with Community Authority Community participate in natural participation in the participation in regeneration of design and biodiversity wetlands, arid zone management of key vegetation, forests, ecosystems mangroves and other priority areas 386 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e identified

22.2. Surveying the 22.2.1. Published FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 flora and fauna report of survey of ber ber Review of outside protected flora and fauna survey report on Annual areas, including outside protected Annually flora and fauna Report sacred groves, areas outside PAs community lands, abandoned farmlands and homesteads, and 22.2.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of assist local Communities ber ber report on communities in the assisted with assistance to sustainable sustainable communities for Annual management of these management of flora Annually sustainable Report sites and fauna outside management of protected areas flora and fauna outside PAs 22.3.Strengthening 22.3.1. Proportion of FDF TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually the implementation of Budgetary resources ortio ortio report on Report guidelines for directed to support n n budget Community-based the implementation provision for 387 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e sustainable forest of guidelines for management, Community-based community- including sustainable forest based conservation and management sustainable sustainable use of forest biodiversity management 22.4.Developing a 22.4.1. Adopted FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 national framework framework and ber ber and mechanism for mechanism for Review of community Community report on participation in participation in Framework and ecotourism planning ecotourism planning Annual mechanism for One-off and development and development Report community participation in ecotourism

22.5. Conducting 22.5.1. Percentage of Development TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually workshops and participants who partners report on Report training programmes move into formal leadership, 388 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e focused on positions within leadership, advocacy, national and local and civic engagement institutions after advocacy and for women, youth, participating in such civic indigenous peoples, programmes engagement and persons with programs disabilities.

22.6. Implementing 22.6.1. Percentage of National TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 quotas or reserved seats in national and Assembly/Stat seats in parliament local legislatures e House of Review of and local legislature, occupied by women, Assembly report on quotas youth, persons with youth, persons with or reserved Annual Annually disabilities, and other disabilities, and seats in Report marginalised groups. other population parliament and groups. local legislature

22.7. Formulating 22.7.1. Percentage of Head of TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually policies that mandate employees in the Service report on Report a certain percentage public service who Employees in of public service are women, from the public 389 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e positions to be filled local communities, by individuals from youth, persons with underrepresented disabilities, and demographics, other marginalised service ensuring fair groups representation in government roles.

22.8. Encouraging 22.8.1. Percentage of Federal Min. TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 and supporting the judicial positions of Justice Review of training, education, held by women, report on and appointment of local indigenous appointment of judges from diverse peoples, persons Annual judicial Annually backgrounds, with disabilities, and Report positions from including women, underrepresented diverse individuals from population groups. backgrounds minority groups, and those with disabilities

22.9. Providing legal, 22.9.1. TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually financial, and Representation rate ber ber report on Report educational support to of environmental Development participation of environmental defenders in national Partners environmental defenders to ensure and local defenders in they have the means institutional national and 390 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e to participate in positions compared national and local to other population local decision- decision-making groups making bodies bodies

22.10. Organizing 22.10.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of regular workshops workshops and town ber ber report on Annual and town hall hall meetings held workshops and Annually Report meetings in local per year town hall languages to engage meetings with community members, ensuring 22.10.2. Frequency FDF TBD Freq 2025 TBD freq 2030 Review of their insights and of workshops and uenc uenc report on Annual concerns on meetings(e.g. y y workshops and Annually Report biodiversity are heard monthly, quarterly) town hall and integrated into meetings the NBSAP 22.10.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of community members ber ber attendance list attending each event of the Annual Annually workshops and Report town hall meetings

22.10.4. FDF TBD Dem 2025 TBD Dem 2030 Review of Annual Annually 391 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e Demographics of ogra ogra report on participants (age, phic phic workshops and Report gender, occupation, s s town hall etc.) meetings

22.10.5. FDF TBD Repr 2025 TBD Repr 2030 Review of Representation of esent esent report on community groups, ation ation Annual workshops and Annually including Report town hall marginalized meetings communities

22.10.6. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of insights, concerns, ber ber insights and and suggestions concerns on collected from biodiversity Annual Annually participants from local Report community at town hall meetings

22.10.7. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually community inputs ber ber report on local Report successfully community integrated into the inputs in the 392 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e NBSAP NBSAP

22.10.8. Categories FDF TBD Cate 2025 TBD Cate 2030 Review of of issues and gorie gorie report on suggestions s s categories of Annual integrated (e.g. issues and Annually Report conservation suggestions priorities, policy integrated into changes) the NBSAP

22.11. Conducting 22.11.1. Proportion Ministry of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 awareness campaigns of the total adult Justice ortio ortio targeted at women, population with n n youth, persons with secure rights to land Review of disabilities, and report on environmental Annual owners of Annually defenders to educate Report secure rights to them about their land land rights and empower them to perceive their rights to land as secure

22.12. Establishing 22.12.1. Proportion Ministry of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually Legal aid of total adult ortio ortio report on 393 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e programmes population with Justice n n specifically tailored secure tenure rights to assist local to land, (a) with peoples, women, legally recognized owners of youth, persons with documentation, and secure tenure Report disabilities, and (b) who perceive rights to land environmental their rights to land as defenders in securing secure, by sex and their land rights and type of tenure. obtaining legally recognized 22.12.2. Number of Ministry of 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 documentation countries where the Justice ber ber Review of legal framework report on legal (including framework that customary law) guarantees Annual guarantees women’s One-off women’s equal Report equal rights to land rights to land ownership and/or ownership . control. and/or control.

22.13. Providing 22.13.1. Number of NGO TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually leadership training to community members ber ber report on Report enhance the ability of attending the attendance of 394 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e women, youth, leadership training community persons with members at disabilities, and leadership environmental training defenders to influence decision-making 22.13.2. NGO TBD Dem 2025 TBD Dem 2030 Review of processes; Demographics of ogra ogra report on participants (age, phic phic Demographics Annual Annually gender, occupation, s s of participant at Report etc.) leadership training

22.13.3. NGO TBD Repr 2025 TBD Repr 2030 Review of Representation of esent esent report on community groups, ation ation Representation including of community marginalized groups, Annual communities including Annually Report marginalized communities at workshopsand town hall meetings

22.14. Creating youth 22.14.1. Number of NCF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 395 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biodiversity youth biodiversity ber ber report on Youth ambassador programs ambassador Ambassador Report to foster young programs created program leaders who can advocate for 22.14.2. Number of NCF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of biodiversity youth biodiversity ber ber report on Youth Annual Annually conservation within ambassadors in the Ambassador Report their communities communities program

22.14.3. NCF TBD Dem 2025 TBD Dem 2030 Demographics of ogra ogra Review of youth biodiversity phic phic report on Youth Annual Annually ambassadors (age, s s Ambassador Report gender, occupation, program etc.)

22.14.4. NCF TBD Repr 2025 TBD Repr 2030 Representation of esent esent Review of youth biodiversity ation ation report on Youth Annual Annually ambassadors, Ambassador Report including program marginalized group

22.15. Ensuring that 22.15.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually the NBSAP members of local report on the 396 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e implementing communities, ber ber structures (IMCB, women, youth, composition of NBCC, NBTC), have persons with the members of Report representatives from disabilities, and NBSC local communities, environmental women, youth, defenders in NBSC persons with disabilities, and 22.15.2. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 environmental members of local ber ber Review of defenders; communities, report on the women, youth, Annual composition of Annually persons with Report the members of disabilities, and NBCC environmental defenders in NBCC

22.15.3. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually members of local ber ber report on the Report communities, composition of women, youth, the members of persons with NBTC disabilities, and environmental defenders in NBTC 397 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

22.15.4. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 members of local ber ber Review of communities, report on the women, youth, Annual composition of Annually persons with Report the members of disabilities, and NBWG environmental defenders in NBWG

22.16. Offering 22.16.1. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of training programs for training programs on Partners ber ber report on of women, youth, biodiversity training persons with conservation, legal programs on Annual disabilities, and rights, and biodiversity Annually Report environmental participation in conservation, defenders on policy making held legal rights, and biodiversity participation in conservation, legal policy making rights, and participation in policy 22.16.2. Development TBD Dem 2025 TBD Dem 2030 Review of Annual Annually making; Demographics of Partners ogra ogra report on Report participants (age, phic phic Participation in gender, occupation, s s training etc.) programs and in 398 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e policy-making

22.16.3. Development TBD Repr 2025 TBD Repr 2030 Review of Representation Partners esent esent report on Annual including persons ation ation training Annually Report with disabilities programs and in policy-making

22.16.4. Categories Development TBD Cate 2025 TBD Cate 2030 Review of of issues: Partners gorie gorie report on biodiversity s s categories of conservation, legal issues: Annual rights, and biodiversity Annually Report participation in conservation, policy making legal rights, and participation in policy making

22.16.5. Percentage Development TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually increase in number Partners report on Report of policy-making policy-making bodies, community bodies, meetings and other community decision-making meetings and forums on other decision- 399 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e biodiversity making forums conservation on biodiversity involving women, conservation youth, persons with involving disabilities, and women, youth, environmental persons with defenders disabilities, and environmental defenders

22.17. Encouraging 22.17.1. Number of MOE TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of educational educational ber ber report on institutions to institutions with integrating integrate biodiversity inclusion of biodiversity and Annual and environmental biodiversity and environmental Annually Report justice into their environmental justice into the curricula justice in their curricula of curricula educational institutions

22.18. Launching 22.18.1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually public awareness awareness ber ber report on Public Report campaigns campaigns held awareness highlighting the campaigns for importance of inclusive 400 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e inclusive participation participation in in biodiversity biodiversity conservation conservation

22.18.2. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of participants ber ber report on Public awareness campaigns for Annual Annually inclusive Report participation in biodiversity conservation

22.19. Safeguarding 22.19. 1. Percentage Ministry of TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of individuals or groups decrease in Number Justice report on who work to protect of incidences of incidences of the environment, violence and violence and advocate for intimidation against Annual intimidation Annually environmental justice, environmental Report against and defend the rights human rights environmental of indigenous peoples defenders human rights and local defenders communities.

22.19.2. Trends in Ministry of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 401 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e number of Justice ber ber environmental human rights defenders killed report on the annually killing of disaggregated by environmental Report country, gender; human rights number of defenders indigenous environmental human rights defenders killed.

23.1. Advocacy and 23.1.1.Percentage NGOs TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually awareness campaigns increase in number report on Report to promote gender of policy-making policy-making equality and the bodies, community bodies, importance of meetings and other community women’s decision-making meetings and participation in forums on other decision- decision-making biodiversity led by making forums processes related women on biodiversity biodiversity led by women 402 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e conservation

23.2. Conducting 23.2.1. Indicator on Federal 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of training sessions for national Ministry of ber ber report on government officials implementation of Women national Annual One-off on gender the gender plan of Affairs implementation Report mainstreaming and action of the gender the implementation of plan of action the gender plan of action 23.2.2. Percentage of Federal TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of government Ministry of report on departments trained Women government and actively Affairs departments applying the national trained and Annual gender plan of action actively Annually Report in their programs applying the and policies national gender plan of action in their programs and policies

23.3 Conducting 23.3.1. Proportion of NGOs TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually capacity-building seats held by women ortio ortio report on seats Report 403 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e programmes to in (a) national n n empower women to parliaments and (b) engage in political local governments held by women processes and run for in (a) national positions in national parliaments and parliaments and local (b) local governments governments

23.4. Ensuring that 23.4.1. Percentage Ministry of TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of women and girls have increase in number Housing and report on land access to land and of land titles and Urban titles and other Annual resources other resources Development resources Annually Report owned by women owned by and girls women and girls

23.4.2. Proportion of Ministry of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually total adult Housing and ortio ortio report on total Report population with Urban n n adult population secure tenure rights Development with secure to land, (a) with tenure rights to legally recognized land, (a) with documentation, and legally 404 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e (b) who perceive recognized their rights to land as documentation, secure, by sex and and (b) who type of tenure perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and type of tenure

23.5. Providing 23.5.1. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of capacity-building and capacity-building Partners ber ber report on training programs and training capacity- Annual Annually specially tailored to programs held building and Report women and girls in training the biodiversity sector programs

23.5.2. Number of Development TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of participants Partners ber ber report on capacity- Annual Annually building and Report training programs

23.6. Implementing 23.6.1. Number of Ministry of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually gender quotas or women in leadership women report on 405 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e affirmative action position Affairs ber ber women in measures to ensure leadership Report adequate position representation of women in leadership 23.6.2. Proportion of Ministry of TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 positions. seats held by women women ortio ortio in (a) national Affairs n n Review of parliaments and (b) report on seats local governments held by women Annual in (a) national Annually Report parliaments and (b) local governments

23.7. Encouraging the 23.7.1. Number of Ministry of TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually active participation of women and girls women ber ber report on Report women and girls in actively involved in Affairs women and relevant stakeholder relevant stakeholder girls actively meetings, meetings, involved in consultations, and consultations, and relevant decision-making decision-making stakeholder processes. processes meetings, consultations, 406 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e and decision- making processes

23.8. Creating 23.8. 1. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of awareness campaigns awareness ber ber report on Annual Annually to promote gender campaigns held awareness Report equality and campaigns empowerment in the biodiversity 23.8.2. Number of NOA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of conservation and participants ber ber report on Annual management sector. participant at Annually Report awareness campaigns

23.9. Collaborating 23.9.1. Number of FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually with women’s women organization ber ber report on Report organizations and in partnership women networks to leverage organization in their expertise and partnership amplify their voices in biodiversity-related decision-making 407 Action Performance Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means Collection Indicator Responsible methods of Frequency for Baseline Action Verifica the data Valu Unit year Value unit year tion e

23.10. Establishing 23.10.1. Published FDF 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 gender-sensitive gender-sensitive ber ber Review of policies and policies and report on Annual guidelines within guidelines gender-sensitive One-off Report biodiversity policies and management guidelines frameworks TBD=To Be Determined; %= Percentage Table 43: Monitoring of the national targets using national impact indicators. Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year Target 1: By Percentage of total FDF, TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of area Annual Annually 408 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year 2030, all areas are effectively managed to bring management for area under effective loss of areas of biodiversity Report management high biodiversity conservation importance close to zero. Percentage of the total TBD % 2024 TBD % 2030 degraded area Target 2:By 2030, Review of Annual identified in 2026 with DDLDA Annually 30% of degraded areas Report significant negative impact identified and prioritized Percentage of the total TBD % 2024 TBD % 2030 degraded areas degraded area are under identified and Review of effective prioritized in 2026 Annual DDLDA degraded areas Annually restoration under effective Report under restoration programs restoration programs Target 3. By Percentage of lands, NPS TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, 30% of seas and oceans protection of Report land, seas and including key lands, seas and 409 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year biodiversity areas and oceans are OECMs effectively oceans effectively protected protected and Percentage of lands, TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 conserved seas and oceans NCF, Review of including key including key FDF, conservation of Annual biodiversity areas Annually biodiversity areas and NPS, lands, seas and Report and OECMs. OECMs effectively NIORM oceans conserved Target 4- By NPS, TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Number of threatened Review of the 2030, threatened FDF, mbe ber species under areas status of Annual species are FDF&A r Annually with effective threatened Report recovering, (FMM&B management plan species genetic diversity E) is being maintained and Number of key NBRDA TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of the human-wildlife species’ genetic (NACGR mbe ber maintenance of Annual Annually conflict is being diversity being AB), r species’ genetic Report managed in maintained FRIN diversity conservation areas Number of effective FDF TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually and sustainable (Wildlife) mbe ber human-wildlife Report management of r conflict and human-wildlife 410 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year conflict and coexistence coexistence Target 5- By TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Federal 2030, use, Departme harvest, and trade Percentage increase in nt of of wild species Review of the the number of wild Fisheries are sustainable, conservation and species sustainably and Annual safe and legal utilization of Annually conserved and utilized Aquacultu Report while wild species in in balanced reDept. mainstreaming ecosystems ecosystems and customary FDF(Wild sustainable use by life) local communities Target 6: By Number of IAS with TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 2030, invasive significant negative mbe ber Review of the Annual alien species and impacts NAQS r Annually impacts of IAS Report their pathways are identified and prioritized and Number of IAS FDF TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of IAS Annual Annually priority species eradicated. mbe ber eradication Report controlled, and NAQS r measures are put in place to manage pathways 411 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year across the ecological zones TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Target 7: By Percentage increase in pollution- 2030, pollution is the number of restored damaged reduced, halving wetlands, rivers, PC&EH, Annual wetland, rivers, Annually nutrient loss and marine, coastal and NIMASA Report marine, coastal pesticide risk in other sites damaged by and other sites final deposition pollution. restored Target 8- By TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 2030, impacts of NCCC, Climate Change DCC, Review of the in Nigeria, and Percentage of Climate FDF; management of Ocean Change and Ocean Ministry the impacts of Annual Annually Acidification in acidification impacts of climate change Report the Coastal Zones, minimized Regional and ocean are minimized Developm acidification through nature- ent based solutions. Target 9. By Number of wild . FDF&A TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, wild species species sustainably FDF, mbe ber sustainable Report are sustainably managed and utilized NIPRD, r management and managed and FRIN, utilization of 412 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year NPS wild species State TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 utilized for the Forestry mbe ber benefits of the Review of Dept. r people. Number of people involvement of FDF&A Annual using wild species for people in wild Annually FDF, Report energy, food or culture species NIPRD, utilization FRIN, NPS Target 10- By Percentage of areas TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 2030, 50% of under agriculture prioritized areas managed sustainably, Review of each under in particular through management of Annual FMA&FS Annually agriculture, the sustainable use of area under Report aquaculture, biodiversity, and bio- agriculture fisheries and forestry are friendly practices managed Percentage of areas FDF&A, TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually sustainably, in under aquaculture NIOMR, management of Report particular through managed sustainably, NIFFR area under the sustainable in particular through aquaculture use of the sustainable use of biodiversity, and biodiversity, and bio- bio-friendly 413 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year friendly practices Percentage of areas TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 under Fisheries managed sustainably, Review of in particular through FDF&A, management of Annual Annually the sustainable use of NIOMR area under Report biodiversity, and bio- Fisheries friendly practices practices Percentage of areas TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 under forestry sustainably managed Review of sustainably, in management of Annual particular through the FDF Annually area under Report sustainable use of Forestry biodiversity, and bio- friendly practices Target 11- By Number of nature’s FDF, NPS TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of the Annual Annually 2030, nature’s contributions to people mbe ber status of nature’s Report contributions to restored, maintained r contribution to people are and enhanced people restored, maintained and 414 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year enhanced through Nature-based solutions in Nigeria States/ TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Percentage increase in Review of the FCT urban green spaces for status of green Target 12-By Environm Annual human well-being in spaces for Annually 2030, creation of ental Report all the states and the human well- urban green and Protection FCT being blue spaces is Agencies enhanced for States/ TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 human well-being Percentage increase in Review of the FCT in all the states urban blue spaces for status of blue Environm Annual and the FCT human well-being in spaces for Annually ental Report all the states and the human well- Protection FCT being Agencies Target 13. By Percentage increase in FDF TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, effective benefits shared from benefits shared Report legal, policy, the utilisation of from the administrative and genetic resources at all utilisation of capacity building levels genetic resources measures are put at all levels 415 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of in place to Percentage increase in benefits shared enhance the Fair benefits shared from from the FDF, and Equitable the utilisation of utilisation of Annual NBMA, Annually Sharing of digital sequence digital sequence Report NIPRD Benefits arising information on genetic information on from: the resources at all levels genetic resources utilisation of at all levels genetic resources; TBD % 2025 % 2030 Review of digital sequence Percentage increase in benefits shared information on benefits shared from FDF, from the genetic resources; the utilisation of NIPRD, utilisation of and traditional Annual knowledge traditional knowledge NBRDA traditional Report Annually associated with associated with (NAGGR knowledge genetic resources genetic resources at all AB), associated with at all levels. levels genetic resources at all levels Target14. By Number of sectoral Finance TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, national development plans at Departme mbe ber inclusion of Report accounting to all levels of nts at all r biodiversity in fully integrate government that levels sectoral multiple values of include biodiversity development biodiversity into plans at all levels 416 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year of government Federal TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Ministry mbe ber of Budget r decision making and frameworks economic Review of within and across planning, inclusion of Number of sectoral all levels of states biodiversity in accounts at all levels Annual government and ministries sectoral Annually of government that Report across all sectors in charge development include biodiversity is developed. of Budget plans at all levels and of government economic Planning Target 15. By Percentage increase in EA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, legal and reduction of negative Departme reduction of Report administrative impacts of businesses nt, negative impacts measures are put on biodiversity. NESREA, of businesses on in place to ensure FDF biodiversity that large and transnational companies, 417 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year financial institutions and other businesses assess and publicly disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks; and reduce negative impacts Target 16. By TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Percentage increase in 2030, Sustainable NBS, sustainable Annual sustainable Annually consumption FMA&FS consumption Report consumption choices choices are choices enabled, and food Percentage reduction TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of food waste across the of food waste across waste across the Annual agricultural value FMA&FS Annually the agricultural value agricultural Report chain are reduced. chain value chain Target 17. By Percentage increase in NBMA TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of the Annual Annually 2030, biosafety the implementation of implementation Report measures are biosafety measures in of biosafety strengthened in Nigeria. measures in 418 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year Nigeria and Nigeria. benefits arising from safe TBD Nu 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of biotechnology Number of Nigeria mbe ber Nigeria using Nigeria’s beneficiaries from NBMA, r beneficiaries Annual genetic resources safe biotechnology NABRDA from safe Annually Report are equitably, using Nigeria’s FMA&FS biotechnology accessible and genetic resources using Nigeria’s distributed genetic resources Target 18. By Fed. Min. TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 2026, 50% of Budget, agricultural and subsidies and Percentage Economic Review of incentives that are reduction of annual Planning, annual financial Annual harmful to financial cost of Federal cost of subsidies Annually Report biodiversity are subsidies harmful to Ministry harmful to identified and biodiversity of biodiversity progressively Finance, reformed, FMENV, redirected or FMA&FS repurposed; and 100% reformed, Percentage of annual Fed. Min. TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually redirected or financial cost of Budget annual financial Report subsidies harmful to and cost of subsidies biodiversity redirected economic harmful to 419 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year planning, Federal biodiversity to biodiversity Ministry redirected to repurposed by conservation of Finance biodiversity 2030. , FMENV, conservation FMA&FS Target 19. By TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 2030, a national Review of Percentage increase biodiversity FMEnv national and since 2023 of national finance plan to (Planning, International Annual and International Annually mobilise financial Research funding for Report funding for resources from all Statistic) biodiversity biodiversity. sources is since 2023 developed. Target 20: By Percentage increase in FDF, TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, capacity capacity development, capacity Report development, technical and scientific development, technical and cooperation for technical and scientific biodiversity in Nigeria scientific cooperation are cooperation for increased for biodiversity in biodiversity Nigeria promotion, and for implementing 420 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year NBSAP Target 21. By TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 2030, measures are put Review of in place to ensure Percentage increase of informed informed decisions in Annual biodiversity data, FDF decisions in Annually biodiversity Report information, and biodiversity management knowledge are management revised and available for decision-making Target 22. By Percentage of FDF TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, actions are biodiversity actions biodiversity Report taken to ensure with equitable, actions with active inclusive and effective equitable, participation, participation in inclusive and justice, and rights decision-making effective for local participation in communities, decision-making women, youth, persons with disabilities and 421 Targets Impact Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Responsi methods Verification Frequency ble Baseline Target for the data value unit year value unit year environmental defenders in the decision-making process, and in the implementation of the NBSAP TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Target 23. By 2030, actions are taken to ensure women and girls are given priority Review of Percentage of in the decision FDF biodiversity Annual biodiversity actions Annually making process at NGOs actions with Report with gender equality all levels in the gender equality implementation of the NBSAP and other biodiversity actions 422 The monitoring framework for Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in decision 15/6 has identified indicators to be used for planning and tracking progress for each target including: headline indicators, global level indicators collated from binary yes/no responses(Annex A) in national reports, component indicators, and complementary indicators and they are featured in the NBSAP. “The headline and binary indicators aim to capture the main elements of each goal and target of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The component indicators aim to capture key elements of the goals and targets which are not as well captured by the headline indicators. The complementary indicators provide a resource of available indicators which could be used to track specific aspects of the goals and targets”. The global indicators can be said to be impact indicators. In addition to the global indicators, national and subnational indicators are included to supplement the monitoring framework. These national indicators are performance indicators, which aim to capture the main elements of each action or intervention of a target. Also, national impact indicators are developed for each national target to track progress. Technical updates to the headline and binary indicators in the monitoring framework for KMGBF have been published as contained in Annex 1 of decision 16/31 and shown in Annex B, Annex C for the goals and D for the targets. The location of the global indicators used to align with the national targets is shown in bracket in Annex D. Table 44: Monitoring national targets using Headline and Binary Indicators or their Disaggregation Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI 1 By 2030, all TBD Ha 2025 TBD Ha 2030 Review of areas are reports of area Extent of natural Annual effectively TBD NPS coverage of Annually ecosystems reports managed to natural bring loss of ecosystems areas of high biodiversity Red List of TBD FDF TBD Numb 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Red Annual Annually importance Ecosystems er ber List of reports close to zero. Ecosystems 423 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI A&B Per cent of land and TBD NPS TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually seas covered by reports of land reports biodiversity-inclusive and sea uses that spatial plans include biodiversity 424 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 er ber Number of countries using participatory, integrated and biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning and/or effective Review of management Annual TBD FDF biodiversity One-off processes addressing Report management land- and sea-use change to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero by 2030 425 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI 2 By 2030, TBD Ha 2025 TBD Ha 2030 30% of identified and prioritized Review of maps degraded areas NAR Annual Area under restoration TBD of area under Annually are under SDA Reports restoration effective restoration programs. A & B 3 By 2030, Coverage of Protected TBD NPS TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of Annual Annually 30% of land, areas and OECMs reports in Reports seas and Newsletter for oceans are PAs and OECMs effectively protected and conserved including key biodiversity areas and 426 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI OECMs. A FDF TBD Numb 2025 To be Num 2030 Review of 4. By 2030, (Wild er determi ber reports on Red threatened Annual Red list Index TBD life) ned List Index of Annually species are Reports human-wildlife recovering, conflicts genetic diversity is being maintained and human-wildlife The proportion of NBR TBD Propor 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of conflict is populations within DA tion ortio reports in being managed Annual species with an TBD (NAC n Newsletter for Annually in conservation Reports effective population GRA species areas. A size > 500 B) populations 5. By 2030, Proportion of fish TBD Dept. TBD Propor 2025 To be Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually use, harvest, stocks within of tion determi ortio reports on Reports and trade of biologically Fishe ned n sustainable wild species sustainable levels ries, fisheries are sustainable, Marin safe and legal e and 427 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI Blue Econ omy while mainstreaming customary sustainable use by local Number of countries FDF Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 communities. with legal instruments (Wild er ber Review of A&B or other policy life) reports on Annual TBD One-off frameworks for CITES Reports regulating trade in implementation wild species By 2030, NAQ TBD Rate 2025 TBD Rate 2030 Review of invasive alien Rate of invasive alien S reports on Annual TBD Annually species and species establishment monitoring of Reports their pathways IAS are identified and prioritized Number of countries TBD FDF Yes No. 2025 Yes No. 2030 Review of Annual One-off and priority adopting relevant report on the Reports species regulations, processes management and controlled, and and measures to control of IAS 428 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI reduce the impact of measures are invasive alien species put in place to manage pathways FMA 0 Quanti 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of By 2030, Pesticides &NR ty ntity reports on Annual pollution is environment TBD Annually pesticides Reports reduced, concentration residues halving nutrient loss PC& TBD Index 2025 TBD Inde 2030 Review of and pesticide Index of coastal EH x reports on Annual risk in final eutrophication TBD monitoring of Annually Reports deposition. A potential coastal water quality By 2030, Number of countries TBD FDF Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Review of report Annual One-off impacts of with policies to er ber on National Report Climate minimize the impact forest and Change in of climate change and vegetation 429 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI Nigeria, and Ocean Acidification ocean acidification on in the Coastal biodiversity and to Zones, are minimize negative and recovery minimized foster positive impacts programme through of climate action on nature-based biodiversity solutions. A & B 9. By 2030, Fishe Numb 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of wild species Benefits from the ries er ber reports on TBD Annual are sustainably sustainable use of wild TBD Dept. benefits of Annually Report managed and species sustainable use utilized for the of wild species benefits of the people. A&B Percentage of the TBD State % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Annually population in Fores reports on the Report traditional occupations try TBD occupation of Dept. local communities 430 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI Number or countries FDF Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 with policies to er ber manage the use of Yes wild species Review of sustainably, providing survey reports on social, economic and sustainable Annual environmental TBD One-off management Report benefits for people, flora and fauna and to protect and outside PAs encourage customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities By 2030, 50% Proportion of FMA Propor 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of of prioritized agricultural area under &RD tion ortio Annual TBD TBD reports on Annually areas each productive and n Report agricultural areas under sustainable agriculture agriculture, aquaculture, Progress towards TBD FDF Progre 2025 TBD Prog 2030 Review of Annual Annually fisheries and sustainable forest ss ress reports on Report management TBD sustainable forest forestry are managed management 431 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of 11.biodiversity, By 2030, NGO Servic 2025 TBD Serv 2030 nature’s s es ices contributions TBD to people are Review of restored, Services provided by reports on Annual maintained and TBD Annually ecosystems ecosystem Report enhanced services through Nature-based solutions in Nigeria. A&B 12 Average share of the TBD State/ Avera 2025 TBD Aver 2030 Review of report Annual Annually built-up area of cities FCT on Green and 432 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI Envir TBD ge age onme that is green/blue ntal space for public use Prote Blue areas Report for all ction Agen cies Fed. Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Minis er ber Number of countries try of Yes with biodiversity- Housi Review of report inclusive urban ng on projects with Annual TBD One-off planning referring to and green/blue Report green or blue urban urban spaces spaces Devel opme nt 13. By 2030, Indicator on monetary TBD FDF Indicat 2025 TBD Indic 2030 Review of report Annual Annually effective legal, benefits received or ator on monetary Report policy, TBD benefits 433 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI administrative Indicator on non- FDF Indicat 2025 TBD Indic 2030 Review of report Annual and capacity monetary benefits TBD or ator on non-monetary Annually TBD Report building received benefits measures are put in place to Number of countries TBD FDF Numb 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of report Annual One-off enhance the that have taken er ber on workshops Report effective legal, policy, 0 and seminars Fair and Equitable administrative and Sharing of capacity-building Benefits measures at all levels, arising from: as appropriate, to the utilisation ensure the fair and of genetic equitable sharing of resources; benefits from the digital utilization of genetic sequence resources and from information on digital sequence genetic information on genetic resources; and resources, as well as traditional traditional knowledge knowledge associated with associated with genetic resources 434 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI genetic resources at all 14. By 2030, Number of countries TBD FDF Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Review of report Annual One-off national integrating er ber on sectoral Report accounting to biodiversity and its integration of fully integrate multiple values into biodiversity multiple values policies, regulations, of biodiversity planning, into decision development making processes, poverty frameworks eradication strategies within and and, as appropriate, across all national accounts, levels of within and across all government levels and across all and across all sectors, and sectors is progressively aligning developed. all relevant public and A&B private activities and fiscal and financial flows with the goals 435 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI and targets of the Framework 15. By 2030, Number of companies FDF TBD No. 2025 To be No. 2030 Review of report legal and reporting on determi on policy administrative disclosure of risks, ned measures on Annual TBD Annually measures are dependencies and biodiversity and Report put in place to impacts on operations of ensure that biodiversity businesses large and transnational Number of countries TBD FDF 0 Numb 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of report Annual One-off companies, with legal, er ber on policy Report financial administrative or measures on institutions and policy measures biodiversity and other aimed at encouraging operations of businesses and enabling business businesses assess and and financial publicly institutions, and in disclose particular for large biodiversity and transnational dependencies, companies and impacts and financial institutions, risks; and to progressively 436 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, increase their positive impacts, reduce their reduce biodiversity-related negative risks and promote impacts. A, B, actions to ensure C, D sustainable patterns of production 16. By 2030, FDF Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Sustainable Number of countries er ber consumption developing, adopting choices are or implementing Review of report enabled, and policy instruments on sustainable Annual TBD One-off food waste aimed at encouraging consumption and Report across the and enabling people to production agricultural make sustainable value chain are consumption choices reduced. A&B 17. By 2030, Number of countries TBD NBM Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Review of report Annual One-off 437 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI biosafety A er ber measures are strengthened in that have taken action Nigeria and to implement benefits biosafety measures as arising from set out in Article 8(g) on the safe of the Convention and implementation biotechnology measures for the Report of biosafety using Nigeria’s handling of measures genetic biotechnology and the resources are distribution of its equitably, benefits as set out in accessible and Article 19 distributed. A, B, C, D 18. By 2026, Positive incentives in FME TBD Names 2025 TBD Nam 2030 Review of report 50% of place to promote nv es on positive Annual agricultural biodiversity TBD incentives that Annually Report subsidies and conservation and promote incentives that sustainable use biodiversity are harmful to biodiversity Value of subsidies and TBD Fed. TBD Value 2025 TBD Valu 2030 Review of report Annual Annually 438 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI Min. e Budg et, other incentives Finan harmful to on elimination of ce biodiversity that have subsidies and Report are identified been eliminated, harmful to Natio and phased out or biodiversity nal progressively reformed Plann reformed, ing redirected or repurposed; 19. By 2030, a International public FDF TBD Amou 2025 TBD Amo 2030 Review of report national funding, including nt unt on International biodiversity official development public funding finance plan to assistance for Annual TBD including official Annually mobilise conservation and Report development financial sustainable use of assistance for resources from biodiversity and biodiversity all sources is ecosystems developed. D Domestic public TBD FME TBD Amou 2025 TBD Amo 2030 Review of report Annual Annually funding of nv nt unt on NBSAP Report 439 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI (Plan conservation and ning, sustainable use of Resea Resource needs biodiversity and rch assessment ecosystems Statis tic) Private funding FDF TBD Amou 2025 TBD Amo 2030 (domestic and nt unt Review of report international) of on Private sector Annual conservation and TBD Annually investment in Report sustainable use of biodiversity biodiversity and ecosystems 20: By 2030, Number of countries FDF 0 Numb 2025 TBD Num 2030 capacity that have taken er ber development, significant action to Review of report Annual technical and strengthen capacity- TBD on NBSAP One-off Report scientific building and Capacity Needs cooperation are development and increased for access to and transfer biodiversity of technology, and to 440 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI promotion, and promote the for development of and implementing access to innovation NBSAP. A, B, and technical and C, D scientific cooperation 21. By 2030, FDF Yes Indicat 2025 Yes Indic 2030 or ator measures are put in place to ensure Indicator on biodiversity biodiversity Review of report data, information for the Annual TBD on Indicators for One-off information, monitoring the global Report GBF and knowledge biodiversity are revised and framework available for decision- making. A, B, C, D 22. By 2030, Land-use change and TBD FDF TBD Numb 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of report Annual Annually actions are land tenure in the er ber on assistance to Report 441 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI taken to communities for ensure active traditional territories sustainable participation, of indigenous peoples management of justice, and and local communities flora and fauna rights for local outside PAs communities, women, youth, Number of countries TBD FDF Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off persons with taking action towards er ber report on the Report disabilities and the full, equitable, composition of environmental inclusive, effective the members of defenders in and gender-responsive NBWG the decision- representation and making participation in process, and in decision-making and the access to justice and implementatio information related to n of the biodiversity by NBSAP. A, B, indigenous peoples C, D and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, 442 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI territories, resources and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities, and the full protection of environmental human rights defenders 23. By 2030, Number of countries TBD Feder Yes Numb 2025 Yes Num 2030 Review of report Annual One-off actions are with legal, al er ber on government Report taken to ensure administrative or Minis departments women The policy frameworks, try of trained and location of the inter alia, to Wom actively applying and girls are implement the Gender en the national given priority Plan of Action (2023– Affair gender plan of in the decision 2030), to ensure that s action in their making all women and girls programs and process at all have equal policies levels in the opportunity and implementatio capacity to contribute 443 Target/Goal Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data gathering Means of Collection Respon methods Verification Frequency sible Baseline Headline or for the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year HI&BI DI to the three objectives n of the of the Convention, NBSAP and including by ensuring other women’s equal rights biodiversity and access to land and actions. A, B natural resources *HI=Headline Indicator; BI=Binary Indicators; DI=Disaggregation Indicator; TBD=To Be Determined; Ha=Hectares 444 Table 45: Monitoring national targets using Component Indicators (CI) or their Disaggregation (DI) Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI 2 By 2030, NAGG TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 30% of W/DDA Departm identified ent and prioritized Review of Extent of natural degraded TB reports on Annual ecosystems by Annually areas are D natural Reports type under ecosystems effective restoration programs. A&B 3. By 2030, Protected area NPS TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of 30% of coverage of Key TB reports in Annual Annually land, seas Biodiversity D Newsletter Reports and oceans Areas for PAs are effectively Status of key TB NCF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually protected biodiversity D ber ber reports in Reports areas Newsletter 445 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI for Biodiversity and status conserved including key 4. By 2030, Number of plant NBRDA TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of threatened and animal (NACG ber ber reports in species are genetic RAB Newsletter recovering, resources on TB Annual genetic secured in conservatio Annually D Reports diversity is medium- or n of plant being long-term and animal maintained conservation genetic and human- facilities resources wildlife conflict is Trends in TB FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually being effective and D (Wildlife ber ber reports on Reports managed in sustainable ) sustainable conservatio management of managemen human-wildlife t of human- 446 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI conflict and wildlife coexistence conflicts NPS TBD % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Percentage of reports in threatened Newsletter TB Annual species that are for Annually D Reports improving in threatened status species n areas. A recovery Conservation NPS TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of status of species ber ber reports in listed in the TB Newsletter Annual CITES Annually D for species Reports Appendices has in CITES stabilized or Appendices improved 4. By 2030, Sustainable use TB FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually use, of wild species D (Wildlife ber ber reports on Reports harvest, and ) sustainable trade of use of wild 447 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI wild species are sustainable, safe and legal while mainstream species ing customary sustainable use by local communitie s. A&B 6: By FRIN TBD Rate 2025 TBD Rate 2030 Review of Rate of invasive 2030, Newsletter species impact TB Annual invasive reports on Annually and rate of D Reports alien impact of impact species and IAS their pathways Rate of invasive TB FRIN TBD Rate 2025 TBD Rate 2030 Review of Annual Annually are alien species D Newsletter Reports identified spread reports on spread of 448 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI IAS FRIN TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 ber ber Number of Review of invasive alien Newsletter TB Annual and species reports on Annually D Reports prioritized introduction IAS and priority events introduction species controlled, and measures are put2030, 7: By in FMA&N TBD Qua 2025 TBD Qua 2030 Review of pollution is TB R ntity ntity reports on Annual Fertilizer Use Annually reduced, D fertilizer Reports halving use nutrient loss and Proportion of TB FMWR TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually pesticide domestic and D ortio ortio reports on Reports risk in final industrial treatment of 449 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI wastewater flow n n wastewater safely treated flow FMWR TBD dens 2025 TBD dens 2030 Review of Floating plastic ity ity reports on deposition debris density TB Annual plastic Annually A (by micro and D Reports debris macro plastics) density 9. By 2030, Number of TB State Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually wild people using D Forestry ber ber reports on Report species are wild resources Dept. TBD utilization sustainably for energy, food of wild managed or culture species and utilized (including for the firewood benefits of collection, the people. hunting and A&B fishing, gathering, medicinal use, craft making) 450 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI Red List Index Fisheries Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of (species used for TB Dept. ber ber Annual TBD reports on Annually food and D Report fishermen medicine) 11. By Proportion of FDF Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of 2030, water with good TB ortio ortio report on Annual TBD Annually nature’s ambient water D n n water Report contributio quality quality ns to people are FDF level 2025 TBD Leve 2030 restored, l TBD maintained and enhanced Review of Level of water TB Annual through report on Annually stress D Report Nature- water stress based solutions in Nigeria A&B 451 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI Recreation and cultural TB A&B ecosystem D services provided 12 By State/ Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 2030, FCT ber ber creation of Environ TBD urban green mental Review of and blue Recreation and Protectio report on spaces is cultural n TB Recreation Annual enhanced ecosystem Agencies Annually D and cultural Report for human services ecosystem well-being provided services in all the states and the FCT A&B 13. By Number of TB FDF Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, permits or their D ber ber report on Report effective equivalents for TBD permits for 452 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI legal, genetic genetic policy, resources resources administrati (including those ve and related to capacity traditional building knowledge) by measures type of permit. are put in place to enhance the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from: the utilisation of genetic resources; digital sequence information 453 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI on genetic resources; and traditional knowledge. C 14. By Number of TB FRIN Yes Num 2025 Yes Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off 2030, countries with D ber ber report on Report national implementation TEEB accounting of the System of studies in to fully Environmental Nigeria integrate Economic multiple Accounting values of biodiversity into decision making frameworks within and across all levels of 454 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI government and across all sectors is developed. B&D 15. By Indicator based TB NESRE TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, legal on Task D A ber. ber report on Report and Indicator Force biodiversity administrati for Nature- and ve related Financial operations measures Disclosures of Financial are put in institutions place to ensure that large and transnation al companies, financial institutions and other 455 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI businesses assess and publicly disclose biodiversity dependenci es, impacts and risks; and reduce negative impacts. A, B, C, D 16. By FDF, TBD Num 2025 Ecolo Num 2030 Review of 2030, NBS ber gical ber report on Sustainable footpr food waste consumptio Ecological TB int and waste Annual Annually n choices footprint D generation Report are enabled, in and food Agricultural waste value chain across the Recycling rate TB Environ 0 Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 456 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI mental ber ber Protectio report on D Report n recycling Agencies agricultural FMA&R 0 Ton 2025 TBD Ton 2030 Review of value chain Food waste TB Annual D es es report on Annually are index D Report food waste reduced. A&B 18. y Value of TB National TBD Valu 2025 TBD Valu 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2026, 50% subsidies and D Assembl e e report on Report of other incentives y redirection agricultural harmful to or subsidies biodiversity, that elimination and are redirected, of subsidies incentives repurposed or harmful to that are eliminated biodiversity harmful to biodiversity are identified and progressive 457 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI ly reformed, redirected or repurposed; and 100% reformed, redirected or repurposed by 2030. A, B, D 21. By Species Status TB FDF TBD Num 2025 TBD Num 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, Index D ber ber report on Report information measures in the are put in national place to CHM ensure Biodiversit y data, 458 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI information , and knowledge are revised and available for decision- making. A, B, C, D 22. By Proportion of TB Ministry TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of Annual Annually 2030, total adult D of Justice ortio ortio report on Report actions are population with n n owners of taken to secure tenure secure ensure rights to land, tenure active (a) with legally rights to participatio recognized land n, justice, documentation, and rights and (b) who for local A, perceive their B, C, D rights to land as secure, by sex 459 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI and type of tenure 23. By Ministry TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of 2030, of ortio ortio report on actions are Proportion of women n n seats held taken to seats held by Affairs by women ensure women in (a) in (a) TB Annual women The national national Annually D Report location of parliaments and parliaments the and (b) local and (b) girls are governments local given government priority in s the decision making Indicator on TB Federal 0 Num 2025 1 Num 2030 Review of Annual One-off process at national D Ministry ber ber report on Report all levels in implementation of national the of the gender Women implementat implementa plan of action Affairs ion of the tion of the gender plan NBSAP of action 460 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respons gathering Verificati Frequency for ible Baseline Headline or methods on the data Disaggregation Value unit year value unit Year CI DI Ministry TBD Prop 2025 TBD Prop 2030 Review of of ortio ortio report on Housing n n total adult Proportion of and population total adult Urban with secure population with Develop tenure secure tenure ment rights to rights to land, land, (a) (a) with legally with legally recognized TB Annual recognized Annually and other documentation, D Report documentati biodiversity and (b) who on, and (b) actions. perceive their who A&B rights to land as perceive secure, by sex their rights and type of to land as tenure secure, by sex and type of tenure 461 Table 46: Monitoring targets using Complementary Indicators (CPI) or their Disaggregation (Indicator Disaggregation) Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI 1: By 2030, Proportion of FMAFS TBD Pro 2025 TBD Proportion 2030 Review of all areas are total land area por reports of TBD Annual reports Annually effectively that is under tio land under managed to cultivation n cultivation bring loss of areas of NPS TBD Ha 2025 TBD Ha 2030 Review of high Extent of reports of area biodiversity natural TBD coverage of Annual reports Annually importance ecosystems each National close to by type Park zero. A&B 2. By 2030, Status of key NCF TBD Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 Review of 30% of biodiversity TBD mb Newsletter Annual reports Annually Areas er reports identified and Increase in TBD NAGG TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of Annual Reports Annually prioritized secondary W/ reports on degraded natural forest DDA secondary areas are cover Depart natural forest 462 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI ment regeneration FDF TBD Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 Review of Free-flowing mb under TBD reports on the Annual Reports Annually rivers er effective state of Rivers restoration 3. By 2030, Extent of FDF TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 30% of land, indigenous seas and peoples and Review of oceans are local reports IPLC effectively communities’ TBD Annual Reports Annually conservation protected lands that lands and have some conserved form of including recognition key biodiversity Coverage of TBD FDF TBD Ha. 2025 TBD Ha. 2030 Review of Annual Reports Annually areas and Protected reports on OECMs. A areas and PAs and OECMS and OECMs and traditional traditional territories (by territories governance 463 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI type) Proportion of FDF TBD Pro 2025 TBD Proportion 2030 legal and (Wildlif por 5. By 2030, illegal e) tio Review of use, harvest, wildlife trade n reports on and trade of consisting of TBD trade in Annual Reports Annually wild species species threatened are threatened species. sustainable, with safe and extinction legal while Dept. of TBD Nu 2025 TTBD Number 2030 mainstreami Fisherie mb ng s, er customary Bycatch of Review of Marine sustainable vulnerable reports on TBD and Annual Reports Annually use by local and non- sustainable Blue communitie target species fisheries Econom s A&B y 7: By 2030, Trends in loss TBD PC&EH TBD Tre 2025 TBD Trends 2030 Review of Annual Reports Annually pollution is of reactive reports on 464 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI reduced, nds monitoring of halving nitrogen to the presence nutrient loss the of Nitrogen in and environment the pesticide environment risk in final deposition A PC&EH TBD Tre 2025 TBD trends 2030 Review of Trends in nds reports on nitrogen TBD monitoring of Annual Reports Annually deposition Nitrogen deposition Trends in the PC&EH TBD Qu 2025 TBD Quantity 2030 amount of anti litter in the ty Review of water column, reports on TBD Annual Reports Annually including litters in water microplastics columns and on the seafloor Plastic debris TBD PC&EH TBD den 2025 TBD density 2030 Review of Annual Reports Annually density sity reports on plastic debris 465 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI density Pesticide use FMA& TBD Qu 2025 TBD Quantity 2030 Review of per area of TBD NR anti reports on Annual Reports Annually crop land ty pesticides use Name, FMA& TBD Qu 2025 TBD Quantity 2030 amount/volu NR anti me/concentrat ty Review of ion of highly reports on hazardous TBD pesticides use Annual Reports Annually pesticides by per type (per land/marine land/marine area) Environ 0 Qu 2025 TBD Quantity 2030 Review of Municipal mental anti reports on solid waste Protecti ty collection and TBD Annual Reports Annually collected and on management managed Agencie of municipal s waste Hazardous TBD NESRE TBD Qu 2025 TBD Quantity 2030 Review of Annual Reports Annually waste anti reports on 466 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI A ty hazardous generation waste 8. By 2030, Above- DDA TBD To 2025 TBD Tones/ha 2030 Review of impacts of ground Depart nne report on Climate biomass stock TBD ment s/ Annual Reports Annually forest Change in in forests ha biomass Nigeria, and (tonnes/ha) Ocean Acidificatio FDF TBD Ind 2025 TBD Index 2030 n in the ex Coastal Review of Zones, are Index of report on minimized coastal TBD Index of Annual Report Annually through eutrophication coastal nature-based eutrophication solutions A&B 9. By 2030, Proportion of TBD Fisherie Pro 2025 TBD Proportion 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually wild species fish stocks s Dept. por reports on fish are within TBD tio stock sustainably biologically n managed sustainable 467 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI levels Degree of Fisherie Le 2025 TBD Level 2030 implementatio s Dept. vel n of TBD and utilized international Review of for the instruments reports on benefits of aiming to implementatio the people. TBD Annual Report Annually combat n of A&B illegal, international unreported instruments and unregulated fishing 10. By Proportion of TBD Fed. Pro 2025 TBD Proportion 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually 2030, 50% land that is Min. of por reports on of degraded over Lands TBD tio extent of land prioritized total land area and n degradation areas each Survey under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and 468 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, and bio- friendly practices A&B 13. By Total number FDF Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 Review of 2030, of permits, or mb TBD report on effective their er permits or legal, equivalent, TBD their Annual Report Annually policy, granted for equivalents administrati access to for genetic ve and genetic resources capacity resources building measures Estimated TBD FDF % 2025 TBD % 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually are put in percentage of report on 469 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI place to monetary and TBD monetary and enhance the non-monetary non-monetary Fair and benefits benefits Equitable directed directed to Sharing of towards conservation Benefits conservation efforts arising and from: the sustainable utilisation of use of genetic biodiversity resources; digital sequence information on genetic resources; and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources at 470 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI all levels. C 15. By FDF TBD Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 Review of Number of 2030, legal mb report on companies and er biodiversity publishing TBD Annual Report Annually administrati and sustainability ve measures operations of reports are put in businesses place to ensure that Species threat TBD FDF TBD ST 2025 TBD STAR 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually large and abatement AR metric report on the transnationa and met IUCN Red l companies, restoration ric List of financial metric threatened institutions Species data and other businesses assess and publicly disclose biodiversity dependencie s, impacts and risks; 471 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI and reduce negative impacts. 16. By A, FMA& 0 Le 2025 TBD Levels 2030 2030, RD vel Sustainable s consumptio n choices Levels of Review of are enabled, poverty in report on and food developing in TBD sustainable Annual Report Annually waste across developing farming the communities practices agricultural value chain are reduced. A&B 17. By Number of TBD NBMA Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 Review of Annual Report One-off 2030, countries that mb report on Risk biosafety establish and er assessment measures implement and risk are risk management 472 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI strengthened management of GMOs in Nigeria measures and benefits arising from Number of NBMA Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 safe countries that mb biotechnolo carry out er Review of gy using scientifically report on Risk Nigeria’s sound risk assessment TBD Annual Report One-off genetic assessments and risk resources to support management are biosafety of GMOs equitably, decision- accessible making and Number of NBMA Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 distributed Review of countries that mb A, B, C, D report on implement TBD er Annual Report One-off biosafety their biosafety measures measures Number of TBD NBMA Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 Review of Annual Report One-off countries that mb report on have the er biosafety necessary measures 473 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI biosafety legal and administrative measures in place Number of NBMA Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 countries that mb Review of have the er report on necessary biosafety measures and measures and TBD Annual Report One-off means for means for detection and detection of identification products of of products of biotechnology biotechnology Percentage of TBD NBMA Yes % 2025 Yes % 2030 Review of Annual Report One-off Parties to the report on Nagoya – Parties to the Kuala Nagoya – Lumpur Kuala Supplementar Lumpur y Protocol Supplementar 474 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI y Protocol NBMA Yes % 2025 Yes % 2030 Review of Percentage of report on Parties to the Parties to the Cartagena Cartagena Protocol on Protocol on Biosafety TBD Annual Report One-off Biosafety implementing implementing the relevant the relevant provisions of provisions of the Protocol the Protocol Number of TBD NBMA Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 Review of Annual Report One-off countries with mb report on mechanisms er mechanisms to facilitate to facilitate the sharing of the sharing of and access to and access to information information on potential on potential adverse adverse impacts of impacts of biotechnology biotechnology 475 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI on on biodiversity biodiversity and human and human health health 18. By Fed. TBD Am 2025 TBD Amount 2030 2026, 50% Amount of Min. oun of fossil-fuel Budget, t Review of agricultural subsidies per Finance report on subsidies unit of GDP TBD and subsidies Annual Report Annually and (production Nationa harmful to incentives and l biodiversity that are consumption) Plannin harmful to g biodiversity are Trends in the TBD Fed. TBD Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually identified number and Min. mb report on and value of Budget, er fossil fuel progressivel government Finance y reformed, fossil fuel and redirected or support Nationa repurposed; measures l Plannin 476 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI g Number of FMEnv Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 Review of countries with mb report on TBD Annual Report One-off biodiversity- er biodiversity- relevant taxes relevant taxes and 100% Number of FMEnv Yes No. 2025 Yes Number 2030 Review of reformed, countries with report on redirected or biodiversity- biodiversity- TBD Annual Report One-off repurposed relevant relevant by 2030. A, charges and charges and B, D fees fees 19. By Amount of TBD FDF TBD Am 2025 TBD Amount 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually 2030, a funding oun report on national provided t funding of biodiversity through the biodiversity finance plan Global from GEF to mobilise Environment financial Facility and resources allocated to from all the sources is biodiversity 477 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI developed. focal area D Dollar value FDF TBD Dol 2025 TBD Dollar 2030 of financial lar value and technical val Review of assistance ue report on (including financial and through technical North-South, TBD Annual Report Annually assistance South-South committed to and triangular developing cooperation) countries committed to developing countries Foreign direct TBD FDF TBD Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually investment, mb report on official er official development development assistance and assistance, South-South and south- cooperation south as a 478 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI proportion of total domestic cooperation budget FDF TBD Am 2025 TBD Amount 2030 Review of Amount of oun report on biodiversity- t biodiversity- related TBD Annual Report Annually related philanthropic philanthropic funding funding Number of FDF Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 countries (and mb number of er instruments) Review of with TBD Annual Report One-off report on PES payments for ecosystem services programs 21. By Proportion of TBD Develo TBD Pro 2025 TBD Proportion 2030 Review of Annual Report Annually 2030, known pment por report on species Partners tio IUCN Red measures 479 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI are put in n place to ensure biodiversity data, assessed information, through The List of and IUCN Red threatened knowledge List of Species are revised Threatened and Species available for decision- making. A, B, C, D 22. By Number of TBD Ministr Yes Nu 2025 Yes Number 2030 Review of Annual Report One-off 2030, countries y of mb report on actions are where the Justice er. legal taken to legal framework ensure framework that active (including guarantees participation customary women’s , justice, and law) equal rights to 480 Target Indicator Actors Data for indicator Data Means of Collection Respon gathering Verification Frequency f sible Baseline Headline or Disaggregation methods the data Value uni year value unit Year t CPI DI guarantees women’s land rights for equal rights to ownership local land and/or communitie ownership control. s, women, and/or control youth, persons with Trends in Ministr TBD Nu 2025 TBD Number 2030 disabilities number of y of mb and environmental Justice er environment human rights al defenders defenders in the killed Review of decision- annually report on the making disaggregated killing of TBD Annual Report Annually process, and by country, environmental in the gender; human rights implementat number of defenders ion of the indigenous NBSAP A, environmental B, C, D human rights defenders killed 481 Evaluatio Responsibl When will the activity be carried out? n Activity e 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Half NBTC * * * * * * * * * * * * yearly review and planning meetings Half NBCC * * * * * * * * * * * * yearly review and planning meetings Annual IMCB * * * * * * Inter- Ministerial Committe e Meetings Mid-Term Consultant * Evaluation (External) 482 Final Consultant * Evaluation (External) Seventh CBD NFP * National Report

11.4.4 Evaluation Plan The evaluation plan of the previous NBSAP is aligned to the revised NBSAP and the main evaluation components include: Half yearly review and planning meetings Annual Inter-Ministerial Committee on Biodiversity meetings; Multi-Stakeholders meetings; Mid-term (3-year) review by mid-2027; Seventh National Report on or before 28 February 2026; and Final evaluation in 2031; is shown in Table 47 together with the responsibility and time. Table 47: Evaluation Activities, Responsibility and Periods 483 REFERENCES African Union (2023-2030) African Union Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (ABSAP) 2023-2030 https://au.int>sites>default>files>documents PDF Ajao, A. (2012): Harnessing Nigeria’s biological diversity in an integrated approach to national development. JORIND 10 (2), 40-45. Agbagwa, I. and Ndukwu, B. (2014): Oil and Gas Pipeline Construction-Induced Forest fragmentation and biodiversity loss in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. 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The World Bank Group (2021): World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (1991-2020) 488 https://climatechangeknowledgeportal.worldbank.org>nigeria tribuneonlineng.com Nigeria needs strong laws, enforcement to protect endangered species https:tribuneonlineng.com>Nigeria-needs-strong-laws UNEP: https://www.unep.org>biodiversiy>framework UNEP: Abidjan Convention https://www.unep.org>abidjan-convention UNEP (2011): Ogoni Land oil assessment reveals extent of environmental contamination and threats to biodiversity. UNEP news centra, 2011 https://www.unep.org U.S. Agency for International Development Combating Wildlife Trafficking in West Africa: Wildlife Trafficking Response in West Africa https://pdf.usaid.gov>pdf_docs.[PDF] Welcome to the United Nations https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org>Convention on International Trade…..Sustainable Development Worldrainforests.com: List of Critically Endangered Species in Nigeria https://worldrainforests.com>biodiversity>nigeria 489 APPENDIX Appendix A Figures 2-5 490 APPENDIX B PROJECT INCEPTION WORKSHOP GEF GBF EARLY ACTION SUPPORT PROJECT WORKSHOP 24TH AND 25TH OCTOBER 2023 AT BOLTON WHITE HOTEL, AREA 11, GARKI, ABUJA No. NAME OF PARTICIPANT Organization 1 ABDULKAREEM MUHAMMAD TAOHEED FMENV 2 AJAGUN O. EBUNOLUWA FMENV/ FDF 3 NABILA IBRAHIM FEDERAL MINISTRY OF FINANCE 4 ANTONY N. KAMAU UNEP 5 DEBORAHV KAHATANO UNEP 6 YUNUSS ABDUL-GANIYU FMENV 7. JOHN E. ONYEKURU INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT 8 ELISHA BELLO WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY (WCS) 9 AJAYI THOMAS GEF 10 ADEYEMI H. I. FMENV 11 AGU H JOSEPH FMENV 12 MUHAMMED HUSSAINI FMENV 13 CHRYSTABELLE OKOUJI MINISTRY FOR NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT 14 AKOMOLEDE GBENGA FMENV 15 INUWA AHMED BA’AGALE GOMBE STATE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT 16 DR. JAMILAT ALIYU IBRAHIM NIPRD, ABUJA 491 17 ZARA BUKAR BOLORI FMENV 18 JIMOH A. SHUDB FMENV 19 ADIFOWOLE F. OLABODE ESCORT COMMANDER 20 ONWUAMA UCHE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION 21 TERKULA IGIDI PA 22 JUNID ADEWALE NURUDEEN PA 23 DAHIRU GARBA FMENV 24 PETER YERIMA FMENV 25 WASIU REDULE FMENV 26 OVWOHWO ANDREW NBMA 27 AUDU GABRIEL NSCDC/FMENV 28 YOHANNA SAIDU WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY 29 OYEBODE S. A. FMENV 30 TENFA VICTORIA FMENV 31 PEACE O. SIMON SUSTY VIBES 32 DECENT ADEBAYO FMENV 33 EMMANUELLA IKOM ANGEL SUPPORT FOUNDATION 34 KINGSLEY ADINDU NIGERDELTA SNAPSHOTS 35 ADREW DUNN WCS 36 ZENIAT ABUBAKAR VON 37 AJIBOLA ABIMBOLA FMENV 492 38 F. O. ANUMBA NTDA 39 SAMINU B. SHUIBU NTA 40 CHARLES ALFA NTA 41 AKOH OMLOUDU AIT 42 BELLO SCHOLASTICA NBMA 43 ADELAJA BABATUNDE TOLU FMENV 44 YAHAYA MUHAMMAD FMENV 45 KITAKANG IYA JOYCE FMENV 46 SALAMATU GARBA NTA 47 JULIE BELANGER FAO 48 UGWU ONYEDINACHI DANIEL GREEN ENVIRONMENT NETWORK ENUGU 49 EZEONYE KINGSLEY FEDERAL MINISTRY OF INNOVATION,SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 50 MUHAMMED SULE KADUNA STATE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTV AND NATURAL RESOURCES 51 ABIGAEL I. JOSHUA NIGERIAN NEWS AGENCY 52 BAKARE TAIWO FMENV 53 OLOMO AYOKUNLE FMENV 493 54 OLUYEMI BABAJIDE FMENV 55 JIMOH SULEMAN NAN 56 DANASABE JATAU TARABA STATE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE 57 CHUKWUDILE KINGSLEY NTDC 58 NIYI OPEYEMI OLUWAYEMISI FMENV/DCC 59 DR. ANDREW ILOH BERC 60 ADERIBIGBE AFOLASADE P. SEFAAI 61 MICHAEL OLUGBODE THISDAY 62 FESTUS EGBE FMENV/GEF 63 SHUAIB ALIYU MNDD 64 ABUBAKAR FATIMA BAMALLI FMENV 65 LONGKAT JOEL JWALSHIK FMENV 66 BLESSING UV ONYEKWERE FMENV 67 DR. FELICITY NWAKWUSHUE NOSDRA 68 JIDDA DANIEL MALUM FMENV 69 FEMI IDOWU ADEGOKE FMENV 70 ALABI OLASENI A. FMENV 71 ALERIWON DANIEL FMENV/GEF 494 72 KABIR MUSTAPHA UMAR CDA/BUK 73 DR. YEMISI ASAGBRA NBMA 74 MADUAKAR A. JANE FMENV 75 SHEHU NDAMAN PRIVATE 76 MICHAEL PATRICK NSCDC/FMENV 77 OYINPREYE BASSEY FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 78 OBADARE ADENIKE FMWR&S 79 ISSA GBOTEMI ADELEKE OGUN STATE MINISTRY OF FORESTRY 80 MEMUDU ADEDAYO NCF 81 NIFESIMI OGUNKUA FAO 82 PROF. BABAJIDE ALO UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS 83 IBRAHIM HARUNA FMENV 84 JANE EYIBIO PROTECT EARTH NETWORK 85 PHILOMINA ONENGIYEOFORI FMENV 86 MOHAMMED KABIR JEDDAH FMENV/PRS 87 BABA IBRAHIM SHARU MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES 88 MUDASHIRU KASALI FEDERAL MINISTRY OF MARINE AND BLUE ECONOMY 89 OFURUM STEPHEN C. AIT 495 90 DAMARIS UJA WEP 91 DANJUMA AMODI FMENV 92 OLAJUMOKE LAWANSON BUDGET AND NATIONAL PLANNING 496 ATTENDANCE LIST FOR THE VALIDATION WORKSHOP ON THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND INDICATION FOR THE EARLY ACTION SUPPORT PROJECT TO IMPLEMENT KMGBF ON 25TH JULY, 2024 AT JOHNWOOD HOTEL, WUSE ZONE 5, ABUJA. S/NO Name ORGANIZATION/ EMAIL PHONE NO DESIGNATION 1 Chukwudile Kingsley NTDA chukwudilecos29@gmail.com 08136045705 2 Theophilus Ogunniyi NATURE SCOPE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY adedapot@gmail.com 09113251811 INITIATIVE, LAGOS 3 Shehu Ndaman PRIVATE shehunda@yahoo.com 08032183322 4 Dr. Alao Mitchell FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRIC AND FOOD SECURITY Hurricanemitch19@gmail.com 07037700782 WILDLIFE & ECOSYSTYEM HEALTH 5 Sooto Ajayi BUSINESS FOR NATURE oluwasooto.ajayi@businessfornature.org 08143561560 6 Amupitan Oluwayomi SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT FOOD AND contact@sefaai.org 08109442533 AGRICULTURE INITIATIVE (SEFAAI) 7 Olomo Ayokunle FMENV aolomo@yahoo.com 08056204130 8 Oluyemi Babajide FMENV lasgn1954@yahoo.com 08063004143 9 Dr. John Onyekuru CONSULTANT johnonyekuru@yahoo.com 08030882261 10 Hannatu Ismaila NTDA ASSISTANT DIRECTOR kwanismaila@yahoo.com 08033140703 11 Kingsley Adindu NIGER DELTA SNAPSHOT kingadindu@gmail.com 08039480180 12 Labaran Ahmed FORESTRY DEPT labaranahmed98@gmail.com 08068291626 13 Akanbi Williams NIOMR akanbiwilliams2@yahoo.com 08023441039 14 Omede A Odiba FMAFS/ACLRO omedeson@gmail.com 08036544862 15 Kabir Mustapha Umar BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO kmumar.cda@buk.edu.ng 08109953370 497 16 Dr. Anthony Okere NATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC RESOURCES AND tonnero@gmail.com BIOTECHNOLOGY 08036042204 (NAC-GRAB) IBADAN 17 Agbor Happiness Ndu NESREA agborhap@gmail.com 08132109510 18 Ketty Regis EMBASSY OF FRANCE 07080418313 19 Akanbi Racheal Oluwatobi NIGERIA YOUTH BIODIVERSITY NETWORK akanbiesther18@gmail.com 07062617514 20 Nafisa Abubakar Fari ENERGY COMMISSION OF NIGERIA nabubakarfari@energy.gov.ng 08035979142 21 Mudashiru Kasali FED. MINISTRY OF MARINE AND BLUE ECONOMY mkasali@transportation.gov.ng 08035642112 22 Engr Oladipo Agboola MIN OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES orchawealth@gmail.com 08056711032 agboola.dipo@petroleumresources.gov.ng 23 Muazu Danazumi NATIONAL INLAND WATERWAYS AUTHORITY (NIWA) muazudanazumi@gmail.com 08164380166 24 Dr Mrs Comfort E. Isibor NATIONAL OIL SPILL DETECTION AND RESPONSE Isibor.comfort@nosdra.gov.ng 08064024369 AGENCY (NOSDRA) 25 Oladipo Ojo Cornelius NPS/ACG oladipocornelius@yahoo.com 08039689719 26 Efemena Masoroh BHC/NATURE LEAD elemena.masoroh@fedo.gov.ng 08023069075 27 Adanu Charles Olotu NAT’L OIL SPILL DETECTIONS AND RESPONSE AGENCY adanuolotu@nosdranigeria.com 08035927482 28 Jude Samuelson STAKEHOLDER DEMOCRACY NETWORK (SON) jude.samuelson@stakeholderdemocracy.o 07034539412 rg 29 Omirigbe Ochiwu NIGERIA AGRICULTURE QUARANTINE SERVICE omirigbej@gmail.com 07037180642 Jeremiah 30 Onyimba Adeyemi DESERTIFICATION LAND DEGRADATION AND bisolaadeyemiadeleye@gmail.com 08066081581 Ugosimba DROUGHT MANAGEMENT 31 Malami Muhammad OSSAP-SDGS TEAM LEAD ENVIRONMENT DIVISION usmanbande@yahoo.com.sg 08068305873 32 Engr Isyaku Jibrin Barau FMENV/EFCZM jibarau@gmail.com 08066097227 33 Mukhtar Umar Idris FMENV umsal2013@gmail.com 08035347673 498 34 Hassan Moiju Shettima FED. MIN MARINE & BLUE ECONOMY FISHERIES hassanshetty@gmail.com 08033476840 35 Abara Kingsley NATIONAL BOUNDARY COMMISSION kingsleyabara@yahoo.com 08037356405 36 Halimabawa-Bwari NATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLIMATE (NCCC) halimabawab@yahoo.com 08033119734 37 Okoh Margaret Alache FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRIC & FOOD SECURITY realpeggy2000@gmail.com 08062363431 (FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC) 38 Sandra Onyeanusi NATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLIMATE CHANGE onyeanusisandy@gmail.com 07068331108 39 Dr. Osikabor Benson FRIN osikabordr2@gmail.com 08104106631 40 Fadeyibi Oyedele OSGF ECOLOGICAL PROJECT OFFICE fadeyibi1010@yahoo.com 08065493694 Temilola 41 Gambo Danila FRIN gambomails2yahoo.com 08035301959 42 Okunuga Mathew FMENV/FDF okunugamo@gmail.com 08033934083 Olufemi 43 Adzandeh Alaba FMENV/FDF alabaadzandeh@gmail.com 08033137111 Modupeola 44 Lawal Maruff Adewumi FMENV/FDF Lawalwum20@gmail.com 08084431315 45 Olagunju Kehinde Julius NBS kennicgunju@yahoo.com 08084100200 46 Danjuma Amodu FMENV iammrdanjuma@gmail.com 08035976776 1 47 Dr. Agnes Yemisi Asagbra DG/CEO NBMA aeasagbra@gmail.com 08023001173 48 Gloria Ogbaki Head Press NBMA ogbakigloria@gmail.com 08033501532 49 Kitakang Iya Joyce FMENV/FDF iyajoyce30@gmail.com 07081546496 50 Salako Olumide Tony Fed. Min of Agric &food security salakoolumide66@gmail.com 07062435903 51 Dr. Alenyi Innocent Onu National Agency for GGW ioalenyi@yahoo.com 08023906606 499 52 Pius E. Ekomki National Agency for GGW pee4real2k7@yahoo.com 08039673814 53 Akponor Odili Obinna Environmental Health Council of Nigeria akponorobi@gmail.com 08064965650 54 Imolehin Ayokunle FMENV/PCEH aimolehin@yahoo.com 07031232539 55 Longkat J. Jwalshik FMENV/FDF longkatjoeljwalshik@gmail.com 07033647441 56 Onyekwere Blessing FMENV/FDF onyekwere378@gmail.com 0816033625 57 Ademola Omoyeni FMT a.yeni@transportation.gov.ng 08079896209 58 Usino E. Christian Federal Min. of Innovation, Sci &Tech uejovwokech@yahoo.com 08036124674 59 Ibrahim Hawna FMENV. harunaadaha@gmail.com 08035950088 60 Tijjani Ahmad Zakirai FEMNV/FDF tahmadzakirai@yahoo.com 08065547756 61 Aiwuyo Christopher FMENV/FDF aiwuyoc@yahoo.com 08036669678 62 Bernadette Ejiofor NCCC ceebenny2@yahoo.com 08037044363 63 Chrystabelle Okonji Federal Min. Niger Deita Development okonjichrystabelle@gmail.com 08033155162 64 Adeteju Egbedina FMIST tejuegbedina@yahoo.com 08036730455 65 Brooks Godwin FMOH brooksgodwin48@yahoo.com 08036785071 66 Ani Reginald FMP reginaldani6@gmail.com 08064291359 67 Bello Scholastica NBMA bescholastica@yahoo.com 08036227693 68 Onyeka Nwosu NBMA nwosuonyeka6@gmail.com 08065002754 RAW MATERIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 69 Dr. Sab Ebiriekwe sabhermis@gmail.com 08033898343 COUNCIL (RMRDC) 70 Olympus Ade Banjo LISDEL o.adebanjo@lisdel.org 08162332709 71 Olukanni Bosede FMENV/FDF boseolukanni@gmail.com 8034418623 72 Yohanna Saidu WCS ysaidu@wcs.org 08069372230 500 73 Andrew Iloh BERC bercnigeria@gmail.com 08036005958 74 Muhammod Garba Boyi NCF boyi.garba@ncfnigeria.org 08036111821 75 Obiasulu Nonyelum NCCC nonyeobiasulu@gmail.com 08064289181 08013949065 76 Waheed Lukman Alabi RMRDC(AAD) alabionaolapo3@gmail.com 1 77 Emem Maria Offiong Federal Min. of Info &National Orientation offiongememmaria@gmail.com 07082203400 78 Stella Oneli N.O.A stellaoneli@yahoo.com 08036787609 79 Shuaib Aliyu Min. of Niger Delta Affairs saliyu091@gmail.com 08023264012 80 Philip O. Bankole GLOP-CSD philipbankole@gmail.com 08037260542 81 Eseigbe E. Solomon FMENV/PRS larrybell04@yahoo.com 08066166691 82 Agbajo Adewale Finance adegbajo@gmail.com 08166394979 83 Sampson N. Ojon Min. of Transportation ojonsampson@yahoo.com 08039541382 Adebayo Abdulazeez 84 Fed. Min. of Budget and Economic Planning Ayo_computer@yahoo.co.uk 07084037666 Ayodele 85 Okolo Kingsley Obioha Fed. Min. of women Affairs kingsleyobioha67@yahoo.com 08037448663 Princess F. Frank 86 FMOJ princess_franchesca4@yahoo.com 08037035359 Chukwuani 87 Adelaja Babatunde Tolu FMENV babtunde_adelaja@yahoo.com 08062586942 Olasehinde Oladunsi 88 MINISTRY OF SOLID MINERAL DEVELOPMENT oladusiolasehinde@gmail.com 09138986161 Sunday 89 Anuli Onwuteaka FMOJ anuli.onwuteaka@yahoo.com 08035877501 90 Ajibola Abimbola FOREST DEPT OGUN STATE ayiforsure@gmail.com 08033659158 91 Oloyede Nneka FOREST DEPT LAGOS STATE oloyedesabina@gmail.com 08038215027 501 92 Kasali Kafayat Akorode MIN OF ENV. LAGOS TATE talk2kafayat@yahoo.com 08074677721 93 Olajide Damola MIN OF ENV. LAGOS TATE greatestnig1@yahoo.com 08025488652 94 Bada Oladipupo FOREST DEPT LAGOS STATE dipomorris@yahoo.com 09080369959 95 Emmanuel Ekelem MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT BENUE STATE emmanuelekelem102@gmail.com 08167709124 96 Sikeade Egbuwalo FMENV sikeadeegbuwalo@gmail.com 7032743344 97 Taoheed Abulkareem FMENV taokarim2000@yahoo.com 98 Wale Junaid FMENV adewalejunaid@gmail.com 502 ATTENDANCE LIST FOR THE TWO-DAY SUB-NATIONAL CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP ON THE UPDATED NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (NBSAP) BETWEEN 17 AND 18 FEBRUARY, 2025, HELD AT SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS, LAGOS STATE NAME ORGANIZATION LOCATION EMAIL PHONE NUMBER 1 IKPEGBU JOHN MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT ABIA johncj022@gmail.com 8063365798 2 FREDRICK A. AYODELE FDF, FCT ABUJA fredrickabu@gmail.com 8167537568 3 SADIQ ENATHO ZAINAB FRIN, FCT ABUJA sadiq.enatho.z@frin.gov.ng 9080077779 4 AYIBOLA ABIMBOLA FDF, FCT ABUJA ayiiforsure@gmail.com 8033659158 5 ODEBIYI KAZEEM .A FEMNV ABUJA kazeemodebiyi@gmail.com 8034412025 6 RASHEED ABIODUN KURANGA UNIABUJA ABUJA rasheed.kuranga@uniabuja.edu.ng 9068658114 chrisnwadike1@gmail.com, 7 CHRISTPHER NWADIKE (Ph.D) FRIN, FCT ABUJA nwadike.C@frin.gov.ng 8060761175 8 LABARAN AHMED FORESTRY ABUJA labaranahmed98@gmail.com 8068291626 9 CORNELIUS ESSEN ABUJA essencornel@gmail.com 8035974852 1 0 SIKEADE EGBURALO FMENV ABUJA sikeadeegbuwalo@gmail.com 7032743344 1 1 AJAGUN EBUNOLUWA FDF, FCT ABUJA ebunoluwa2025@gmail.com 8155381261 1 2 ABDULAIH YAKUBU FDF, FCT ABUJA abkakat@gmail.com 8036532129 1 3 DR MOSES AMA ABUJA mosesmodeyama@gmail.com 7081820842 1 4 UUMHANGBORIA JOHNBULL ABUJA 8033486909 1 DOF. AGRIC & RURAL DEV. 5 NWELE CHUKWUDI F. SECRETARIAT ABUJA chukwunwele91@gmail.com 8103875580 1 6 OPARA CAROLINE N. FORESTRY DEPT ABUJA nnyonijo@gmail.com 8023533841 1 7 OLIVER DANIEL MUDUBIKE FDF, FCT ABUJA 8178674838 1 8 JUSTINE DANIEL FORESTRY ABUJA danieljustin200@gmail.com 8100878481 1 9 OYEBODE SAMSUDEEN .A. FDF, FCT ABUJA samsideenoyebode@gmail.com 8037431823 2 JIDDA DANIEL MALUM EMENV. ABUJA ABUJA jidda_d@yahoo.com 8082906508 503 0 2 1 SARAH GUNDIRI MENV & NR ADAMAWA serahgundiri@gmail.com 8032317839 2 2 ACHUGAMONYE ONYINYE MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT ANAMBRA ANAMBRA mirianchikele@gmail.com 8133993980 2 3 SUSAN E OYADONGHA FORESTRY DEPT, MIN OF ENV BAYELSA susanoyedongha@gmail.com 8034222426 2 4 ORSHI .T. HENRY MWNE & CC BENUE henryorshi50@gmail.com 8030624593 2 5 HASSAN USMAN MOE BORNO 7036355020 2 6 DONATUS A. ADIE CRS FORESTRY COMM CROSS RIVER adiedonatusalada@gmail.com 9091269644 2 7 EDDA CATHERINE .C. MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT EBONYI katedda@gmail.com 8064962195 2 8 OKAFOR BASIL O MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT ENUGU okaforbasil15@gmail.com 8037712880 2 9 PROF OLUKAYODE OGUNSANWO FAN, OYO FAN IBADAN oyoogunsanwo@gmail.com 8034008458 3 0 USMAN ABUBAKAR NPS FCT habusman@gmai.com 8036651816 3 1 ONYEKURU JOHN NBSAP FCT johnonyekuru@yahoo.com 8030882261 3 2 NKANU ALICE NAGGW FCT alice.nkanu01@gmail.com 8063638260 3 3 ZARA BOLORI FDF, FCT FCT zarabolori@yahoo.com 8065558586 3 4 INUWA AHMED BAAGALE MW ENV. GOMBE inuwaahmedbaagale@gmail.com 8025260303 3 5 EZIKEOFOR CHRIATIAN .U MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT IMO chrisuzondu137@gmail.com 8130999667 3 6 YAHAYA MOHAMMED UBA MOE JIGAWA yahayamohduba@gmail.com 8065663174 3 7 IDRIS MUAZU IBRAHIM MENR KADUNA imuazu2002@gmail.com 8027707979 3 8 ABDULHAMID BALA MOE KANO abdulhamidbala@gmail.com 8037861792 3 9 OLOWO VICTORIA O. FDF, FCT KOGI horlowo30@gmail.com 8132061045 4 AKINSINDE TIWALADE .T MOF, OGUN OGUN taiakinsinde@yahoo.com 8032320780 504 0 4 1 LAWAL KAMARUDEEN GBADEGESIN MIN. OF WNVN & SANITATION OSUN alertmind1441@gmail.com 7064287963 4 2 ARIORI KAYODE FOLARIN ME4NR, OYO OYO ariorikayodefolarin@gmail.com 8036334834 4 3 ZACHARIA B. YADUMA FRIN, FCT OYO zachariaby@gmail.com 8036572328 4 4 FRANK A. ESEYIN SCAI PALTEAU frankesenyi@yahoo.com 8037022052 4 5 ODOYA NKEMDIRIM FORESTRY DEPT RIVERS nkemeberechi@gmail.com 8036235217 4 6 MUSTAPHA BELLO MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT SOKOTO mustaphabello002@gmail.com 7034969982 4 7 TUKUR J BURA BURI MIN. OF ENVIRONMENT ZAMFARA ijguraguri@gmail.com 8067676267 4 CHUKWUDILE KINGSLEY NTDA chukwudilecos29@gmail.com 08136045705 8 LAGOS 4 THEOPHILUS OGUNNIYI NATURE SCOPE ENVIRONMENTAL adedapot@gmail.com 09113251811 9 ADVOCACY INITIATIVE, LAGOS LAGOS 5 SHEHU NDAMAN PRIVATE shehunda@yahoo.com 08032183322 0 KANO 5 DR. ALAO MITCHELL FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRIC AND Hurricanemitch19@gmail.com 07037700782 1 FOOD SECURITY WILDLIFE & ECOSYSTYEM HEALTH ABUJA 5 SOOTO AJAYI BUSINESS FOR NATURE oluwasooto.ajayi@businessfornature.or 08143561560 2 ABUJA g 5 AMUPITAN OLUWAYOMI SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT FOOD contact@sefaai.org 08109442533 3 AND AGRICULTURE INITIATIVE (SEFAAI) ABUJA 5 OLOMO AYOKUNLE FMENV aolomo@yahoo.com 08056204130 4 ABUJA 5 OLUYEMI BABAJIDE FMENV lasgn1954@yahoo.com 08063004143 5 ABUJA 5 DR. JOHN ONYEKURU CONSULTANT johnonyekuru@yahoo.com 08030882261 6 ABUJA 5 HANNATU ISMAILA NTDA ASSISTANT DIRECTOR kwanismaila@yahoo.com 08033140703 7 ABUJA 5 KINGSLEY ADINDU NIGER DELTA SNAPSHOT kingadindu@gmail.com 08039480180 8 ABUJA 5 LABARAN AHMED FORESTRY DEPT labaranahmed98@gmail.com 08068291626 9 ABUJA 505 6 AKANBI WILLIAMS NIOMR akanbiwilliams2@yahoo.com 08023441039 0 ABUJA 4 OMEDE A ODIBA FMAFS/ACLRO omedeson@gmail.com 08036544862 5 ABUJA 4 KABIR MUSTAPHA UMAR BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO kmumar.cda@buk.edu.ng 08109953370 6 ABUJA 4 DR. ANTHONY OKERE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC tonnero@gmail.com 08036042204 7 RESOURCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ABUJA 4 (NAC-GRAB) IBADAN agborhap@gmail.com 08132109510 8 ABUJA 4 AGBOR HAPPINESS NDU NESREA 07080418313 9 ABUJA 5 KETTY REGIS EMBASSY OF FRANCE akanbiesther18@gmail.com 07062617514 0 ABUJA 5 AKANBI RACHEAL OLUWATOBI NIGERIA YOUTH BIODIVERSITY nabubakarfari@energy.gov.ng 08035979142 1 NETWORK ABUJA 5 NAFISA ABUBAKAR FARI ENERGY COMMISSION OF NIGERIA mkasali@transportation.gov.ng 08035642112 2 ABUJA 5 MUDASHIRU KASALI FED. MINISTRY OF MARINE AND BLUE orchawealth@gmail.com 3 ECONOMY ABUJA 5 ENGR OLADIPO AGBOOLA MIN OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES agboola.dipo@petroleumresources.gov 08056711032 4 ABUJA .ng 5 MUAZU DANAZUMI NATIONAL INLAND WATERWAYS muazudanazumi@gmail.com 08164380166 5 AUTHORITY (NIWA) ABUJA 5 DR MRS COMFORT E. ISIBOR NATIONAL OIL SPILL DETECTION AND Isibor.comfort@nosdra.gov.ng 08064024369 6 RESPONSE AGENCY (NOSDRA) ABUJA 5 OLADIPO OJO CORNELIUS NPS/ACG oladipocornelius@yahoo.com 08039689719 7 ABUJA 5 EFEMENA MASOROH BHC/NATURE LEAD elemena.masoroh@fedo.gov.ng 08023069075 8 ABUJA 5 ADANU CHARLES OLOTU NAT’L OIL SPILL DETECTIONS AND adanuolotu@nosdranigeria.com 08035927482 9 RESPONSE AGENCY ABUJA 6 JUDE SAMUELSON STAKEHOLDER DEMOCRACY NETWORK jude.samuelson@stakeholderdemocrac 0 (SON) ABUJA y.org 506 ATTENDANCE LIST FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR STAKEHOLDER’S CONSULTATION FOR THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ON 26TH MARCH, 2025 AT JOHNWOOD HOTEL, WUSE ZONE 5, ABUJA. S/ NAME ORGANIZATION/DESIGNATION EMAIL PHONE NO NO 1 Egbuwalo Sikeade O FMENV/CBD sikeadeegbuwalo@gmail.co 0703274334 m 4 2 Dr. Joseph Ansa Ebinimi National President Fisheries Society of ebinimi@gmail.com 0807466381 Nig. 7 3 Ahmad Tijjani Zakirai FMENV/Forestry Abuja tahmadzakirai@yahoo.com 0806554775 6 4 John Esitadimma Consultant Abuja johnonyekuru@yahoo.com 0803088226 Onyekuru 1 5 Karshima Henry FMENV/Forestry Abuja henrykarshima@yahoo.com 0803281612 Terungwa 7 6 Ahmed Rukayat Iyabo African Women Fish Processor & awfishnetnigeria@gmail.co 0703612498 Trader Network m 8 7 Labaran Ahmed FMENV/Forestry Abuja Labaranahmed98@gmail.co 0806829162 m 6 8 Ekelem Emmanuel FMSTI Abuja emmanuelekeleh@gmail.co 0813658884 Kenechukwu m 0 9 Ubah Philomina Chinelo FMENV/Forestry Abuja favouredphil@gmail.com 0806042113 2 507 10 Olumide Tony Salako FMAFS salakoolumide66@gmail.co 0706243590 m 3 11 Kasali Kafayat Akorede FMSTI ABUJA talk2kafayat@yahoo.com 0807407772 1 12 Dr. Bolaji Dunsin NIOMR, Lagos bdunsin@yahoo.com 0803334173 Abimbola 9 13 Adelaja Babatunde Tolu FMENV/Forestry Nasarawa babatundeadelaja82@gmail 0806258694 .com 2 14 Omede Alhaji Odiba FMAFS omedeson@gmail.com 0803654486 2 15 Jidda Daniel Malum Forestry Abuja jidda_d@gmail.com 0808240650 8 16 Hassan Modu Shettima FMMGBE/Abuja hassanshetty@gmail.com 0703347604 0 17 Ayokunle Babatunde FMENV/Abuja aolomo@yahoo.com 0805620413 Olomo 0 18 Olajide Adedamola FMUST/Abuja greatestnig1@yahoo.com 0805620413 Adelana 0 19 Afegbua Abdulhafiz National Vice President Abuja afegbuaa04@gmail.com 0802313470 5 20 Oluyemi Babajide FMENV/Abuja Labyn1954@yahoo.com 0806300414 508 Ayokunle 7 21 Uumahangbora O. FMENV/Abuja uuJohnbulo@gmail.com 0805443594 Johnbull 4 22 Bello Liman Federal Ministry of Livestock limanbello76@gmail.com 0803794396 Development 9 23 Dr. Moses Ama Federal Ministry of Environment mosesmodeyama@gmail.co 0803348690 m 9 24 Bada Oladipupo Ayo UNDP dipomorris@yahoo.com 0708784910 1 ATTENDANCE LIST FOR THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN PEER REVIEW WORKSHOP HELD FROM 2ND TO 4TH JUNE 2025 AT JOHNWOOD HOTEL, WUSE ZONE 5, ABUJA. S/ NAME ORGANIZATION EMAIL PHONE NO NO 1 KINSLEY ADINDU NIGER DELTA SNAPSHOT kingadindu@gmail.com 08039480180 2 ADELAJA BABATUNDE TOLU FMENV babtunde_adelaja@yahoo. 08062586942 com 3 JOHN ESITADIMMA ONYEKURU CONSULTANT johnonyekuru@yahoo.com 08030882261 4 HASSAN MOIJU SHETTIMA FMMBE FISHERY hassanshetty@gmail.com 08033476840 5 JIDDA DANIEL MALUM FMENV jidda_d@gmail.com 08082406508 6 NWOSU ONYEKA KINGSLEY NBMA nwosuonyeka6@gmail.com 08065002754 7 UJA NGUUMBUR DAMARIS WEP damarisuja@yahoo.com 08057216152 8 OLUYEMI BABAJIDE AYOKUNLE FMENV lasgn1954@yahoo.com 08063004143 9 ODEBIYI KAZEEM.A FMENV Kazeemodebiyi1@gmail.co 08033659158 509 m 10 AJIBOLA ABIMBOLA FMENV ayiforsure@gmail.com 08033659158 11 UBAH PHILOMINA CHINELO FMENV favouredphil@gmail.com 08060421132 12 AKANBI ESTHER O GYBN, NIGERIA akanbiesther18@gmail.co 07062617514 m 13 JEMILAT A.IBRAHIM NIPRD sadiqoyene@yahoo.com 07036512604 14 DR JOSEPH ONOJA NCF joseph.onoja@ncfnigeria.n 08069211645 g 15 EGBUWALO SIKEADE O FMENV sikeadeegbuwalo@gmail.c 07032743344 om 16 IKLAGA ELIJAH IKLAGA NATURAL ECO CAPITAL eiklaga@ecocapital.com 09092084597 17 JOHN K.AUTA AUTA FARMS johnauta48@gmail.com 07035888972 18 ELISHA BELLO WCS ebello@wcs.org 08065777867 19 ZARA BUKAR BOLORI FMENV zarabolori@yahoo.com 08065558586 20 AYAFA PATIENCE KASHI FMENV papabupink@yahoo.com 08038485561 21 BELO SCHOLASTICS NBMA bescholastica@yahoo.com 08036227693 22 OKUNUGA MATTEW OLUFEMI FMENV okunugamo@gmail.com 08033934083 23 MOHAMMED GARBA BOYI NCF boyi.garba@ncfnigeria.org 08036111821 24 ADERIBIGBE ABIODUN JACOB SEFAAI Sefaai2018@gmail.com 08030813823 25 OLAJIDE ADEDAMOLA ADELANA FMIST greatestnig1@yahoo.com 08025488652 26 LABARAN AHMED FMENV labaranahmed98@gmail.co 08068291626 m 510 27 KITAKANG JOYCE FMENV iyajoyce30@gmail.com 07081546496 28 AGBOOLA OLADIPO .B MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES orchawealth@gmail.com 08056711032 29 KAFAYAT KASALI FMENV talk2kafayat@yahoo.com 08074677721 30 ADZANDEH ALABA MODUPEOLA FDF alabaadzandeh@gmail.co 08033137111 m 31 STELLA ONELI NOA stellaoneli@yahoo.com 08036787609 32 IGWE DIVINE FMENV Igwedivine3@gmail.com 08135554367 33 AJOGWU FELIX EJEH FMENV Felix.ajogwu@gmail.com 09037161742 34 JULIANA MOTI FMENV Julianac.moti@gmail.com 08065500940 35 BADA OLADIPUPO AYO UNEDP dipomorris@yahoo.com 07087849101 36 AIWUYO CHRISTOPHER O. FDF, FMENV aiwuyoc@yahoo.com 08036669678 37 Adeyemi Hafsat I FMENV adeyemihafsat58@gmail.c 07034943474 om 38 Ahmad Tijjani Zakirai FMENV tahmmedzakirai@yahoo.co 08065547756 m 39 Hauwau Usman FDF, FMENV umarfarnland@gmail.com 8068046376 511 ATTENDANCE LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR THE VALIDATION WORKSHOP ON THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ON 18TH JUNE, AT JOHNWOOD HOTEL, WUSE ZONE 5, ABUJA. S/N NAME ORGANIZATION EMAIL PHONE NO LOCAT N 1 Haulat A. Suleiman Ministry of Budget and Finance haulatsuleiman@gmail.com 08037144119 Abuja Planning 2 Prof. Olukayode Ogunsanwo University Of Ibadan oy.ogunsanwo@gmail.com 09064313257 Ibadan 3 Engr. Lawan M.K FMENV lmohammed445@gmail.com 07035795063 Abuja 4 Odebiyi Kazeem. A FMENV kazeemodebiyi1@gmail.com 08033659158 Abuja 5 Adzandeh Alaba Modupeola FDF alabaadzandeh@gmail.com 08033137111 Abuja 6 Okunuga Mathew Olufemi FMENV/FDF okunugamo@gmail.com 08033934083 Abuja 7 Adiel Nyaru Kurdah FMENV adielnyaru@gmail.com 08033934083 Abuja 8 Prof Andrew Iloh BERC chibaziloh@gmail.com 08036005950 Asaba 9 Yohanna Saidu WCS ysaidu@wcs.org 08069372230 Abuja 10 Iklaga Elijah Iklaga NATURAL ECO CAPITAL eiklaga@ecocapital.com 09092084597 Abuja 11 Mukhtar Umar Idris FMENV umsal2013@gmail.com 08035347673 Abuja 12 Kitakang Iya Joyce FMENV/FDF iyajoyce30@gmail.com 07081546496 Abuja 13 Dr. Agnes Yemisi Asagbra DG/CEO NBMA aeasagbra@gmail.com 08023001173 Abuja 14 Blessing Nenka Ogar FMACT&CE hablessing782@gmail.com 08033616951 Abuja 15 Agbojo Adewale GIZ/FMF adeagbojo@gmail.com 08066394979 Abuja 16 aina SEFAAI sefaai2018@gmail.com 08030813823 Lagos 512 17 Dr. John Onyekuru CONSULTANT johnonyekuru@yahoo.com 08030882261 Abuja 18 Oladipo Ojo Cornelius NPS/ACG oladipocornelius@yahoo.com 08039689719 Abuja 19 Akanbi Williams NIOMR akanbiwilliams2@yahoo.com 08023441039 Abuja 20 Sooto Ajayi BUSINESS FOR NATURE oluwasooto.ajayi@businessfornatur 08143561560 Lagos e.org 21 Jayeoba Oluwatimilehin NESREA teemeejaye@tgmail.com 07033796742 Abuja 22 Solomon Buah NATCOM UNESCO stenegwa32@gmail.com 08067904452 Abuja 23 Dr. T.D. John Greenloxodonta Nig. LTD timdanjohn@yahoo.com 08052734050 Abuja 24 Linda Abali Ukpoju Federal Dept. of Agric Extension lindaabahiukpoju@yahoo.com 08032365143 Abuja 25 Adebiyi Rotimi FMENV EROSION alphabiyi@gmail.com 08166746808 Abuja 26 Shehu Ndaman PRIVATE shehunda@yahoo.com 08032183322 Minna 27 Aina Ibrahim Babtope FMWA ainababtope@gmail.com 07037393301 Abuja 28 Olajide Damola MIN OF ENV. LAGOS STATE greatestnig1@yahoo.com 08025488652 Abuja 29 Serian Onadipe NNPC LTD serian.onadipe@mpcgroup.com 08037072594 Abuja 30 Akinboro Olukayode FMLD kayodeakinboro@gmail.com 08035028786 Abuja 31 Dr. Adetunji R. Sowonmi NVC arsowonmi@nvc.edu.ng 08051949020 Abuja 32 Omolola A.T Durodola MINISTRY OF AFFAIRS omolola.durodola@foreignaffairs.go 08035068558 Abuja v.ng 513 omowelthy1423@gmail.com 33 Jemilat A. Ibrahim NIPRD sadiqoyene@yahoo.com 07036512604 Abuja 34 Gegele Ibrahim NIPRD tundegegele01@gmail.com 07064654144 Abuja 35 Ozovehe Aminat NIMASA ozoveheaminat@gmail.com 08037143870 Abuja 36 Abdulkareem, Muhammaa MOE OSOGBO tuokarim2000@yhaoo.com 08180650702 Osogbo Taoheed 37 Idiris Sammani K. NUPRC idris.sik@nuprc.gov.ng 08067675460 Abuja 38 Ubah Philomina Chinelo FMENV favouredphil@gmail.com 08060421132 Abuja 39 Ayafa Patience Kashi FMENV papabupink@yahoo.com 08038485561 Abuja 40 Vicent Ogbu NNPC vincent.ogbu@nnpcgroup.com 08034084370 Abuja 41 Prof Babajide Alo UNILAG profjidealo@yahoo.comm 08022903841 Lagos 42 Fatima M. Abdullahi FMHUD fatimamohd669@gmail.com 08036957218 Abuja 43 Dr. Itua Euegene NEC itua@gmail.com 08023118449 Lagos 44 Iwuagwu Golden ICPC geneoke13@gmail.com 08034503047 Abuja 45 Omede A Odiba FMAFS/ LAND RESOURCES omedeson@gmail.com 08036544862 Abuja 46 Nasurshima Gwatse NEC cgwatse@capital.com 07037965784 Abuja 47 Ezejiofor Francesvc FED. MIN. OG EDUCATION fezejiofer@yahoo.com 08134551372 Abuja 48 Ajibola Abimbola FOREST DEPT OSOGBO ayiforsure@gmail.com 08033659158 Abuja 49 Olomo Ayokunle B. FMENV aolomo@yahoo.com 08056204130 Abuja 514 50 Onwumeehuru Ugonna FMIST finar2k@yahoo.com 08037844526 Abuja 51 Dr Joseph Onoja NCF joseph.onoja@ncfnigeria.ng 08069211645 Lagos 52 Maryam Sani Kangiwa FMM&BE mamutaddo1@gmail.com 07030000323 Abuja 53 Ajayi Omobolanle FISS bola_white@yahoo.com 08060572434 Abuja 54 Engr. Savvy Edem Fed Min of water Resources Savvy.edem@yahoo.com 07038383588 Abuja 55 Kabir Mustapha Umar Bayero University Kano Kmumar.cda@buk.edu.ng 08109953370 Kano 56 Sylvester Aroboi Okonofwa Vakosen consultant aroboioknofua@gmail.com 08023262736 Abuja 57 Dr. Enary Moma UNESCO ee.moma@unesco.org 08058698526 Abuja 58 Danjuma Amodu Fed. Min of Environment iammrdanjumo@gmail.com 08035976766 Abuja 59 Dr. Bolorunduro B. NYBN Bramwell433@gmail.com 09011775724 Abuja 60 Jenifer Ekele ECN jenniferekele@yahoo.com 08184633165 Abuja 61 Kasali Kafayat FMIST Talk2kafayat@yahoo.com 08074677721 Lagos 62 Saude Mohammed Hamza RmRDC Saudehamza3@yahoo.com 08140285663 Abuja 63 Ibrahim Haruna Fed. Min of Environment harunaadahaegma@yahoo.com 08035950088 Abuja 64 Oraka K. Fred NAQS Oraka7@outlook.com 08063889838 Abuja 65 Juliet Ikapedavid NAQS Juliaabome568@gmail.com 08140119061 Abuja 66 Muaza Danazuma NIWA muazudanazuni@gmail.com 08164380166 Kogi 67 Omaka Udodima NPF omakaudodima@yahoo.com 08067884211 Abuja 68 Kaka Chris NDQS Chriskaka040@gmail.com 07017764920 Abuja 515 69 Chrystabelle Okonji Min. of regional Dev. okonjichrystabelle@gmail.com 08033155762 Abuja 70 Hassan Modu Shettima FMMBE FISHERIES hussanshetty@gmail.com 08033476040 Abuja 71 Damaris Uja WEP info@wepnigeria.net 08057216152 Abuja 72 Adelaja Babatunde Fed. Min of Environment Babatundeadelaja82@gmail.com 08062886942 Abuja 73 Aisha Mande NOSDRA Sweetayeesha2002@gmail.com 08104322699 Abuja 74 Dabrin Alvin NPS Drciminalijn099@gmail.com 08032787991 Abuja 75 Disu Charles O. FMHAPR Disuchao@gmail.com 08060226834 Abuja 76 Adedoyin Simon O. osadedoyin@gmail.com 08034767925 Ibadan 77 Yahaya Mohammad FMENV gaallahmuhammad@gmail.com 08066967772 Abuja 78 Dr. Anthony Okere NACGRAB tonnero@gmail.com 08036042204 Ibadan 79 Agoro Olayiwole Fed. Of in,sci &Tech layiagoro@hotmail.com 08034526695 Abuja 80 Magaret Onwudinjo NEPC megonwudinjo@yahoo.com 08035893215 Abuja 81 Akanbi Ester O. Nig. Youth Biodiversity Akanbiesther18@gmail.com 07062617514 Abuja 82 Onyimba Adeyemi DLDM bisolaadeyemiadeleye@gmail.com 08066081581 Abuja 83 Olasehinde Oladusi MSMD HQ oladusiolasehinde@gmailcom 09138986161 Abuja 84 Abdullahi Yakubu FMENV abkakat@gmail.com 08036532129 Abuja 85 John K. Auta Auta abd Farms Johnauta48@gmail.com 07035888972 Markurd 86 Aiwuyo Christopher FMENV aiwuyoc@yahoo.com 08036669678 Abuja 87 Kingsley Adindu Niger Delta snapshot kingadindu@gmail.com 08039480180 PH 516 88 Stella Oneli U. N.O.A stellaoneli@gmail.com 08036787609 Abuja 89 Labaran Ahmed FMENV Labaranahmed98@gmail.com 08068291626 Abuja 90 Zara Bori FMENV zarabori@yahoo.com 08065558586 Abuja 91 Adekola Rasak kolaadekola@gmail.com Ibadan 92 Bello Scholastica NBMA bescholastica@yahoo.com 08036227693 Abuja 93 Dr. Jude Samuelson Stakeholder democracy network Jude.samuelson@sdn.org 07034539412 PH 94 Engr. Azubuike G. Black Min of Pet. Resources Giftblack25@yahoo.com 08068154897 Abuja 95 Dr. Alenyi Innocent Onu NAGGW innocentalenyi@gmail.com 08023906606 Abuja 96 Pius Emmanuel Ekomki NAGGW Peer4real2k7@yah00.com 08039693814 Abuja 97 Mary Ehidiamha Steel maryehidiamha@yahoo.com 08030664765 Abuja 98 Ibironke Olubamise UNDP Ibironke- 08059886269 Abuja favour.olubamise@undp.org 99 Jidda Daniel Malum FMENV Jidda_d@yahoo.com 08082906508 Abuja 100 Donna Aimiuwu EA dept Donsazoo@yahoo.com 08034860220 Abuja 101 Tijjani Ahmad Z. FMENV tahmadzakirai@yahoo.com 08065547756 Kano 102 Philip Bankole O. GLOP-CSD philipbankole@gmail.com 08037260542 Ekiti 103 Dr. Jonathan O. Aligbe FMAFS-FDA Jonathan.aligbe@gmail.com 08035031554 Abuja 104 Faith Andrew FMAFS-FDA andifaith@gmail.com 08164715880 Abuja 105 Afolayan Olusegun NEMA afolayandemo@gmail.com 09030275792 Abuja 517 106 Olajumoke Salako NCCCS Solajumoke83@gmail.com 08032788059 Abuja 107 Ibekie Chinenye FMIND chibekie@yahoo.com 08166564223 Abuja 108 Adeyemi Hafsat I. FMENV Adeyemihafsat58@gmail.com 07034943474 Abuja 109 Oghenekome Adhekpukoli FMOJ komeclever@gmail.com 08034644867 Abuja 110 Anuli Onwuteaka FMOJ anulionwuteaka@yahoo.com 08035877501 Abuja 111 Chile Ushahemba S. FMW ushachile@yahoo.com 08065526662 Abuja 112 Kakaki Alex FMENV Kakakiaku01@gmail.com 08036182301 Abuja 113 Adebayo Olusola FMF engrsolaadebayo@gmail.com 07062737712 Abuja 114 Adedamola Ogunsesan NCF Adedamola.ogunsasan@netnigeria. 08050949750 Lagos net 115 Oloyede Nneka Sabina FMENV oloyedesabina@gmail.com 08038215027 Lagos 116 Juliana Moti UNDP Julianac.moti@gmail.com 08065500940 Abuja 117 Ememmaria Offiory FMIND Queenemem03@gmail.com 07082203400 Abuja 118 Muhd Sani Umar FMENV Muhdsumar17@gmail.com 08063165946 Abuja 119 Mohammed Kabir Jeddah Min of Envir. Kebbi kabirjedda@gmail.com 08037020061 Kebbi 120 Ajayi Thomas FMENV Thomasajayi773@hotmail.com 08066464574 Ogun 121 Oluyemi Babajide FMENV Lobyn1954@yahoo.com 08063004143 Lagos 122 Hawauazi Usman FMENV Umarfarkahmed22@gmail.com 08068046376 Kaduna 123 Marlyn Omondi BES-Net Initiative marlyn.omondi@undp.org +2547250767 Nairobi 518 57 124 Sikeade Egbuwalo FMENV sikeadeegbuwalo@gmail.com 7032743344 Abuja 125 Kolawole Lawal LIFES Ikolawole32@yahoo.com 08022315358 Lagos 126 Bada Oladipupo UNDP dipomorris@yahoo.com 09080369959 Lagos 127 Gloria Ogbaki HEAD PRESS NBMA ogbakigloria@gmail.com 08033501532 Abuja 128 Igbo Mcdennis NIMASA mcdenmsigbo@gmail.com 08034856005 Lagos 129 Rebecca Fadokun NBMA beck.falokun@nbma.gov.ng 07025002460 Abuja 130 Ameh Joy Oyiwodu FMWA joyam1983@gmail.com 07037393301 Abuja 131 Gabriel Ibrahim ECOLOGICAL eternityg4lite@gmail.com 08141775555 Abuja 132 Zena Zainab NUPRC zira.z.m@nuprc.gov.ng 08037990532 Abuja 133 Muhammad Aisha Lawal NUPRC aishatmauwal@gmail.com 08133699630 Abuja 134 Oraka K. Fred NAQS Oraka7@outlook.com 08063889838 Abuja 135 Juliet Ikapedavid NAQS Juliaabome568@gmail.com 08140119061 Abuja 165 Luper Angel Nguyilan WEP info@wepnigeria.net 08131868498 Abuja 137 Dr. Felicity Nwakwushe NOSDRA Dr.braro2000@gmail.com 08056401007 Abuja 138 Oliver Madubueke Olivermadubueke@yahoo.com 08089965580 Abuja 139 Piriboniwibo Harry FMJ piriboharry@yahoo.com 08037263462 Abuja 140 Kiso Simon GO-GREEN Simonkiso79@gmail.com 07068098743 Abuja 519 ANNEX 1. 5. Annex III List of binary indicator questions Annex A: Completion of Annex III List of binary indicator questions Goal B: Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050. Indicator: Number of countries with policies or action plans for implementing and monitoring the sustainable use of biodiversity and the maintenance and enhancement of nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services. B.1 Does your country have policies and/or action plans aimed at ensuring the maintenance, enhancement (a) No and restoration of nature’s contributions to people, including of ecosystem functions and services? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully* B.2 Does your country have policies and/or action plans aimed at ensuring the sustainable use of (a) No biodiversity? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully* B.3 Does your country monitor the sustainable use of biodiversity? (a) No 520 (b) Under development (c) Partially* (d) Fully B.4 Does your country monitor the maintenance, restoration and enhancement of nature’s contributions to (a) No* people, including ecosystem functions and services for the benefit of present and future generations? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully Target 1: Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated and biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land- and sea-use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. Indicator: Number of countries using participatory, integrated and biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land- and sea-use change to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero by 2030.

1.1 Are all areas of your country under integrated and biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning or effective management processes that: (a) Address land-use (terrestrial) change? (a) No * (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (b) Address land-use (inland water) change? (a) No * 521 (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (c) Address sea-use (coastal and marine) change? (Will be considered not applicable to landlocked States) (a) No * (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

1.2 If the answer to any of the questions in 1.1 is not “No”, were the plans created using a participatory (a) For terrestrial spatial process? (Select all that apply, noting that, if your country is a landlocked State, marine spatial planning will planning be considered as not relevant) (b) For inland water planning (c) For coastal and marine spatial planning (d) None of the above* Target 5: Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems and reducing the risk of pathogen spillover, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities. Indicator: Number of countries with legal instruments or other policy frameworks for regulating trade in wild species

5.1 Does your country have legal instruments or other policy frameworks to regulate trade in wild species? *(a) For terrestrial species 522 (Select all that apply) *(b) For freshwater species *(c) For marine species *(d) For international trade (e) None of the above Target 6: Eliminate, minimize, reduce and/or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and ecosystem services by identifying and managing pathways of the introduction of alien species, preventing the introduction and establishment of priority invasive alien species, reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 per cent by 2030, and eradicating or controlling invasive alien species, especially in priority sites, such as islands. Indicator: Number of countries adopting relevant regulations, processes and measures to reduce the impact of invasive alien species.

6.1 Does your country have regulations and processes empowering relevant institutions to implement the *(a) No measures necessary for a reduction in the introduction and impact of invasive alien species? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

6.2 Does your country have measures in place for preventing the introduction and establishment of invasive (a) No alien species? (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

6.3 Does your country have measures in place for eradicating or controlling invasive alien species? (a) No (b) Under development (c) Partially* (d) Fully Target 8: Minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity. Indicator: Number of countries with policies to minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and to minimize negative and foster positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity. 523

8.1 Does your country’s national biodiversity strategy and action plan include actions to prevent or minimize *(a) Climate change the impacts of the following (select all that apply): *(b) Ocean acidification (c) None of the above

8.2 Do your country’s climate change policies address the impacts of climate change on biodiversity? (a) No (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

8.3 Do your country’s other policies address the impacts of climate change on biodiversity? (a) No (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

8.4 Do your country’s other policies address the impacts of ocean acidification on biodiversity? (a) No (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

8.5 Are the impacts of climate change on biodiversity monitored and reported on? (a) No (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

8.6 Are the impact of ocean acidification on biodiversity monitored and reported on? (a) No (b) Under development *(c) Partially 524 (d) Fully

8.7 Do your country’s policies or action plans on the impact of climate change and ocean acidification (a) Mitigation contain the following types of actions designed to increase biodiversity resilience or reduce impacts (select all that apply): *(b) Adaptation *(c) Disaster risk reduction *(d)Nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches *(e) Policies to minimize negative and foster positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity (f) Other (g) None of the above

8.8 Are measures included in your country’s policies or actions plans to minimize the negative impacts of (a) No climate actions on biodiversity? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

8.9 Are measures included in your country’s policies or actions plans to foster positive impacts of climate (a) No actions on biodiversity? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully* 525 Target 9: Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities. Indicator: Number of countries with policies to manage the use in wild species sustainably, providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, and to protect and encourage customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.

9.1 Does your country have legal instruments or other policy frameworks or administrative measures for the (a) No sustainable management and use of wild species? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

9.2 Does your country monitor the sustainable management and use of wild species? (a) No (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

9.3 Does your country monitor the social, economic and environmental benefits derived from the use of wild (a) No species for people, in particular those in vulnerable situations and most dependent on biodiversity? (Select all that apply) (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully If the answer is “fully” or “partially”, disaggregate by all relevant groups of people, as 526 determined at the national level: *(a) Women and girls *(b) Children and youth *(c) People with disabilities *(d) Indigenous peoples and local communities

9.4 Does your country have legal instruments or other policy frameworks to protect and encourage the (a) No customary sustainable use of biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, for example, the plan of action on customary sustainable use of biological diversity or other relevant initiatives? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (e) Not applicable Target 12: Significantly increase the area and quality, and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity- inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature, and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanization and to the provision of ecosystem functions and services. Indicator: Number of countries with biodiversity-inclusive urban planning referring to green or blue urban spaces.

12.1 Does your country have urban areas under biodiversity-inclusive urban planning that incorporates the (a) No management of green or blue spaces for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity? (b) Under development *(c) Partially 527 (d) Fully

12.2 Does your country have urban areas under biodiversity-inclusive urban planning incorporating the (a) No management of green or blue spaces for ecosystem services and nature’s contributions to people? (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully Target 13: Take effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and facilitating appropriate access to genetic resources, and by 2030, facilitating a significant increase of the benefits shared, in accordance with applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments. Indicator: Number of countries that have taken effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources.

13.1 Does your country have effective legal, administrative and policy measures to ensure the fair and (a) No equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilization of genetic resources? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (e) Not applicable

13.2 Does your country have capacity-building measures to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits *(a) No that arise from the utilization of genetic resources? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (e) Not applicable

13.3. Has your country taken administrative, policy or legislative measures pursuant to the operationalization *(a) No of the multilateral mechanism in decision 16/2? 528 (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

13.4 Do the measures mentioned in questions 13.1 and 13.2 include the utilization of traditional knowledge (a) No associated with genetic resources? *(b) Yes (c) Not applicable

13.5 Does your country monitor the monetary benefits received from the utilization of genetic resources *(a) No and/or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources that were accessed from your country? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (e) Not applicable

13.6 Does your country monitor the non-monetary benefits received from the utilization of genetic resources *(a) No and/or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources that were accessed from your country? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (e) Not applicable

13.7. Does your country have measures to ensure the fair and equitable benefit-sharing arising from the *(a) No utilization of genetic resources and/or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources that were (b) Under development accessed in another country? (c) Partially 529 (d) Fully (e) Not applicable Target 14: Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities and fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Indicator: Number of countries integrating biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning, development processes, poverty eradication strategies and, as appropriate, national accounts, within and across all levels and across all sectors, and progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities and fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of the Framework.

14.1 Does your country integrate biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning, (a) No development processes and poverty eradication strategies at all levels of government? (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

14.2 Does your country use environmental economic accounting to quantify the monetary and non-monetary *(a) No values of biodiversity? (b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

14.3 Does your country integrate biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, plans and (a) No strategies across all sectors to ensure their mainstreaming? 530 (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully If fully or partially, list all sectors concerned, as determined at the national level (optional): - Agriculture* - Fisheries* - Forestry* - Aquaculture* - Finance* - Tourism* - Health* - Infrastructure* - Energy* - Mining* - Manufacturing and processing - Other 531

14.4 Does your country have policies, regulations, strategies or plans in place to progressively align all (a) No relevant public and private activities with the goals and targets of the Framework? (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

14.5 Are policies, regulations, strategies or plans in place to progressively align fiscal and financial flows (a) No with the goals and targets of the Framework? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully Target 15: Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions: (a) Regularly monitor, assess and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements for all large, as well as transnational, companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios; (b) Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns; (c) Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable; in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production. Indicator: Number of countries with legal, administrative or policy measures aimed at encouraging and enabling business and financial institutions, and in particular for large and transnational companies and financial institutions, to progressively reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, increase their positive impacts, reduce their biodiversity-related risks and promote actions to ensure sustainable 532 patterns of production.

15.1 Has your country put in place legal, administrative or policy measures to ensure that large and (a) No transnational companies and financial institutions monitor, assess and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity along their operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

15.2 Has your country put in place measures to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial (a) No institutions provide relevant information to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

15.3 Has your country put in place measures to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial (a) No institutions report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

15.4 Has your country put in place measures to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial (a) No institutions progressively reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity and increase their positive impacts? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully 533

15.5 Does your country monitor whether negative impacts from business on biodiversity have progressively (a) No decreased? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully Target 16: Ensure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices, including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, including through halving global food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption and substantially reducing waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth. Indicator: Number of countries developing, adopting or implementing policy instruments aimed at encouraging and enabling people to make sustainable consumption choices.

16.1 Has your country established mechanisms, policy or legislative or regulatory frameworks aimed at (a) No supporting sustainable consumption? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

16.2 Has your country adopted mechanisms to improve awareness or education with regard to the impacts of (a) No consumption on biodiversity and access to relevant and accurate information or alternatives supporting (b) Under development sustainable consumption? *(c) Partially (d) Fully

16.3 Has your country adopted or implemented policy instruments aimed at encouraging and enabling people (a) No to make sustainable consumption choices, including by reducing food waste, overconsumption and waste (b) Under development generation? *(c) Partially (d) Fully 534 Target 17: Establish, strengthen capacity for, and implement in all countries, biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention on Biological Diversity and measures for the handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19 of the Convention. Indicator: Number of countries that have taken action to implement biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention and measures for the handling of biotechnology and the distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19.

17.1 Has your country established biosafety-related policy, legal, administrative and other measures as set out (a) No in Article 8(g) of the Convention? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

17.2 Does your country implement biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention? (a) No (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

17.3 Has your country taken legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, to provide for the (a) No effective participation in biotechnological research activities by those Parties, especially developing countries, that provide the genetic resources for such research, as set out in paragraph 1 of Article 19 of the Convention? (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

17.4 Has your country taken practicable measures to promote and advance priority access on a fair and (a) No equitable basis by Parties, especially developing countries, to the results and benefits arising from 535 biotechnologies based on genetic resources provided by those Parties, as set out in paragraph 2 of Article 19 of (b) Under development the Convention? *(c) Partially (d) Fully

17.5 Does your country carry out scientifically sound risk assessments on the use and release of living (a) No modified organisms? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

17.6 Does your country provide access to biosafety-related information for the safe transfer, handling and (a) No use of living modified organisms? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully Target 20: Strengthen capacity-building and development, access to and transfer of technology, and promote development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation, including through South-South, North-South and triangular cooperation, to meet the needs for effective implementation, particularly in developing countries, fostering joint technology development and joint scientific research programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and strengthening scientific research and monitoring capacities, commensurate with the ambition of the goals and targets of the Framework. Indicator: Number of countries that have taken significant action to strengthen capacity-building and development and access to and transfer of technology, and to promote the development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation.

20.1 Does your country have plans, policies or instruments for addressing capacity-building and development (a) No needs for biodiversity? 536 (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

20.2 Does your country have measures to ensure the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and *(a) Women and girls local communities, women and girls, children and youth and people with disabilities in capacity-building and development for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity? (Select all that apply) *(b) Children and youth *(c) People with disabilities *(d) Indigenous peoples and local communities (e) Others

20.3 Has your country undertaken a national capacity self-assessment or other processes for assessing the (a) No capacity needs for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully

20.4 Has your country undertaken a national assessment of the capacity-building and development needs of *(a) Women and girls indigenous peoples and local communities, women and girls, children and youth and people with disabilities for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity? (Select all that apply) *(b) Children and youth *(c) People with disabilities *(d) Indigenous peoples and local communities 537 (e) Others

20.5 Has your country established partnerships to foster joint technology development and joint scientific (a) No research programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and strengthening scientific research and monitoring capabilities, including through South-South, North-South and triangular cooperation? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully (Specify for each type of partnership (optional)) Target 22: Ensure the full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in decision-making, and access to justice and information related to biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities, and ensure the full protection of environmental human rights defenders. Indicator: Number of countries taking action towards the full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in decision-making, and access to justice and information related to biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth and persons with disabilities, and the full protection of environmental human rights defenders.

22.1 Does your country have policy, legislative and administrative frameworks at the national and subnational levels that: (a) Ensure full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in *(a) Indigenous peoples and biodiversity decision-making related to biodiversity of the following (select all that apply): local communities *(b) Women and girls 538 *(c) Children and youth *(d) Persons with disabilities (e) Others (b) Respect the following rights and cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities (select all that *(a) Culture and practices apply): *(b) Rights over lands and territories *(c) Rights over resources *(d) Rights over traditional knowledge (e) Not applicable (c) Ensure the full protection of environmental human rights defenders? (a) No *(b) Yes (d) Ensure public access to information related to biodiversity for the following (select all that apply): *(a) Indigenous peoples and local communities *(b) Women and girls (c) Children and youth *(d)Persons with disabilities (e) Others (e) Provide access to justice for one or more of the following categories (select all that apply): *(a) Indigenous peoples and 539 local communities *(b) Women and girls *(c) Children and youth *(d) Persons with disabilities (e) Others

22.2 Does your country have operational frameworks and mechanisms related to the policy, legislative and (a) No administrative frameworks listed under question 22.1? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

22.3 Does your country monitor the following: (a) The full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in (a) Culture and practices biodiversity decision-making of the following (select all that apply): (b) Rights over lands and territories (c) Rights over natural resources (d) Rights over traditional knowledge *(e) Not applicable (b) The following culture and rights of indigenous peoples and local communities (select all that apply): (a) Culture and practices 540 (b) Rights over lands and territories (c) Rights over natural resources (d) Rights over traditional knowledge *(e) Not applicable (c) The full protection of environmental human rights defenders? *(a) No (b) Yes Target 23: Ensure gender equality in the implementation of the Framework through a gender-responsive approach, where all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention, including by recognizing their equal rights and access to land and natural resources and their full, equitable, meaningful and informed participation and leadership at all levels of action, engagement, policy and decision-making related to biodiversity. Indicator: Number of countries with legal, administrative or policy frameworks, inter alia, to implement the Gender Plan of Action (2023–2030), to ensure that all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention, including by ensuring women’s equal rights and access to land and natural resources.

23.1 Does your country have mechanisms for facilitating the full, equitable, meaningful and informed (a) No participation and leadership of all women and girls at all levels of action, engagement, policy and decision- making related to biodiversity? *(b) Under development (c) Partially 541 (d) Fully

23.2 Has your country adopted legal, administrative or policy measures that explicitly recognize and protect (a) No the rights and access of all women and girls to land and natural resources? *(b) Under development (c) Partially (d) Fully

23.3 Does your country explicitly apply a gender-responsive approach and recognize the contributions and (a) No roles of women and girls in its implementation of the Framework through its national reports or its national biodiversity strategy and action plan? (b) Under development *(c) Partially (d) Fully

23.4 Does your country conduct sex-disaggregated data collection and analyses to assess the differential (a) No impacts of biodiversity policies and programmes? (b) Under development (c) Partially *(d) Fully 542 Annex B: Technical updates to the headline and binary indicators in the monitoring framework for KMGBF as contained in Annex 1 of decision 16/31 Goal/Target Headline or Binary Indicator A A.1 Red List of Ecosystems A.2 Extent of natural ecosystems A.3 Red List Index A.4 The proportion of populations within species with an effective population size greater than 500 B B.1 Services provided by ecosystems B.b Number of countries with policies or actions for implementing and monitoring the sustainable use of biodiversity and the maintenance and enhancement of nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services C C.1 Monetary benefits received in accordance with applicable internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments C.2 Non-monetary benefits arising from applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments 13.b Number of countries that have taken effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources D D.1 International public funding, including official development assistance for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems D.2 Domestic public funding on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems D.3 Private funding (domestic and international) on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems Annex C: Global indicators used to align with the national targets 543 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target 1 A.2. Extent of natural Proportion of total land area ecosystems (1.22.3) that is under cultivation Goal (1.19.3.) A&B

1.1. Per cent of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive Extent of natural ecosystems spatial plans (1.22.1) by type (1.14.4) A.1. Red List of Ecosystems (1.22.2.) 1.b Number of countries using participatory, integrated and biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land- and sea-use change to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance close to zero by 2030 (1.22.1b) 2 2.2. Area under restoration Extent of natural Status of key biodiversity (2.8.1.) ecosystems by type (2.5.3.) Areas (2.1.2.) Goal A&B Increase in secondary natural forest cover (2.5.2.) 544 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target Free-flowing rivers (2.4.2.) 3 3.1. Coverage of protected Extent of indigenous peoples areas and OECMs (Number Protected area coverage of and local communities’ lands Goal A 3.2.5.) Key Biodiversity Areas that have some form of (3.2.4.) recognition (3.10.3) Status of key biodiversity areas (3.1.2.) Coverage of Protected areas and OECMS and traditional territories (by governance type) (3.6.4.) 4 A.3 Red list Index (Number Number of plant and 4.12.1) animal genetic resources Goal A secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (4.6.2) A.4The proportion of populations within species Trends in effective and with an effective population sustainable management of size > 500 (4.6.3.) human-wildlife conflict and coexistence (4.12.2.) 545 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target Percentage of threatened species that are improving in status (4.1.3; 4.2.2.) Conservation status of species listed in the CITES Appendices has stabilized or improved (4.2.3.) 5 Goal 5.1. Proportion of fish stocks Sustainable use of wild A&B within biologically species (5.3.2) sustainable levels (Number Proportion of legal and illegal 5.1.1) wildlife trade consisting of species threatened with extinction (5.3.1.) 5.b Number of countries with legal Bycatch of vulnerable and instruments or other non-target species (5.2.1.) policy frameworks for regulating trade in wild 546 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target species (5.3.1b) 6 Goal A 6.1. Rate of invasive alien Rate of invasive species species establishment impact and rate of impact (6.5.4.) (Number 6.6.3.) Rate of invasive alien 6.b Number of species spread (6.5.2.) countries adopting relevant regulations, Number of invasive alien processes and species introduction events measures to reduce the (6.5.3.) impact of invasive alien species (6.2.1b) 7 Goal A 7.2. Pesticides environment Fertilizer Use (7.8.1.) Trends in loss of reactive concentration (Number 7.7.1) nitrogen to the environment Proportion of domestic and (7.1.3.) industrial wastewater flow safely treated (7.3.2.)

7.1. Index of coastal eutrophication potential Floating plastic debris Trends in nitrogen deposition (7.1.2.) density (by micro and (7.1.4.) macro plastics) (7.3.3.) 547 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target Trends in the amount of litter in the water column, including microplastics and on the seafloor (7.2.4.) Plastic debris density (7.5.2.) Pesticide use per area of cropland (7.7.2.) Name, amount/volume/concentration of highly hazardous pesticides by type (per land/marine area) (7.7.3.) Municipal solid waste collected and managed (7.9.1.) Hazardous waste generation (7.10.1.) 548 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target 8 Goal 8.b Number of Above-ground biomass stock A&B countries with policies in forests (tonnes/ha) (8.9.2.) to minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on Index of coastal biodiversity and to eutrophication (8.10.3.) minimize negative and foster positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity (8.10.1b) 9 Goal 9.1. Benefits from the Number of people using Proportion of fish stocks A&B sustainable use of wild wild resources for energy, within biologically species (Number 9.3.1) food or culture (including sustainable levels (9.3.2.) firewood collection, hunting and fishing,

9.2. Percentage of the gathering, medicinal use, Degree of implementation of population in traditional craft making) (9.1.1) international instruments occupations (9.1.2.) aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated Red List Index (species fishing (9.3.3.) 9.b Number or used for food and countries with policies medicine) (9.2.4.) to manage the use of wild species sustainably, providing 549 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target social, economic and environmental benefits for people, and to protect and encourage customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities (9.4.2b) 10 Goal 10.1. Proportion of Proportion of land that is A&B agricultural area under degraded over total land area productive and sustainable (10.6.1.) agriculture (Number 10.1. 1.)

10.2. Progress towards sustainable forest management (10.5.1.) 11 Goal B. 1 Services provided by Proportion of water with A&B ecosystems (Number good ambient water quality 11.1.1) (11.6.1.) Level of water stress (11.6.2.) 12 Goal 12.1 Average share of the Recreation and cultural A&B built-up area of cities that is ecosystem services 550 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target green/blue space for public provided (12.2.3.) use for all (Number 12.1.2) 12.b Number of countries with biodiversity-inclusive urban planning referring to green or blue urban spaces (12. 7. 1b) 13 Goal C C.1.Indicator on monetary Number of permits or their Total number of permits, or benefits received (Number equivalents for genetic their equivalent, granted for 13.2.5) resources (including those access to genetic resources related to traditional (13.2.4.) knowledge) by type of C.2. Indicator on non- permit.( 13.2.3) monetary benefits received Estimated percentage of monetary and non-monetary (13.2.6) benefits directed towards conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity (13.2.7.) 13.b Number of countries that have taken effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of 551 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target benefits from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources (13.6.2b) 14 Goal 14.b Number of countries Number of countries with B&D integrating biodiversity and implementation of the its multiple values into System of Environmental policies, regulations, planning, development Economic Accounting processes, poverty (14.8.2.) eradication strategies and, as appropriate, national accounts, within and across all levels and across all sectors, and progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities and fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of the Framework (14.6. 1b) 15 All 15.1. Number of companies Indicator based on Task Number of companies goals reporting on disclosure of Indicator Force for Nature- publishing sustainability risks, dependencies and related Financial reports (15.3. 2.) impacts on biodiversity Disclosures (15.6.1.) 552 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target (Number 15.1.3) Species threat abatement and restoration metric (15.4.1.) 15.b Number of countries with legal, administrative or policy measures aimed at encouraging and enabling business and financial institutions, and in particular for large and transnational companies and financial institutions, to progressively reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, increase their positive impacts, reduce their biodiversity-related risks and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production (15. 1. 3b) 16 Goals 16.b Number of Ecological footprint (16. Levels of poverty in A&B countries developing, 1.3; 16.3.2) developing in developing adopting or 553 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target implementing policy communities (16. 6.1.) instruments aimed at Recycling rate (16.4.1; encouraging and 16.5. 1.) enabling people to make sustainable Food waste index consumption choices (16.6.2.) (16.2.2b) 17 Goals 17.b Number of Number of countries that A,B,C,&D countries that have establish and implement risk taken action to management measures implement biosafety (17.1.2.) measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention and Number of countries that measures for the carry out scientifically sound handling of risk assessments to support biotechnology and the biosafety decision-making distribution of its (17.1.3.) benefits as set out in Article 19 (17.3.4b) Number of countries that implement their biosafety measures (17.1.4.) Number of countries that have the necessary biosafety 554 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target legal and administrative measures in place 17.1.5. Number of countries that have the necessary measures and means for detection and identification of products of biotechnology (17.1.7.) Percentage of Parties to the Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol (17.6.2.) Percentage of Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety implementing the relevant provisions of the Protocol (17.7.2.) Number of countries with mechanisms to facilitate the sharing of and access to information on potential adverse impacts of biotechnology on biodiversity 555 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target and human health (17.5.2.) 18 Goal 18.1. Positive incentives in Value of subsidies and Amount of fossil-fuel A,B,&D place to promote biodiversity other incentives harmful to subsidies per unit of GDP conservation and sustainable biodiversity, that are (production and use. (Number 18. 4.1.) redirected, repurposed or consumption) (18.1.2.) eliminated (18.2.1.)

18.2. Value of subsidies and Trends in the number and other incentives harmful to value of government fossil biodiversity that have been fuel support measures eliminated, phased out or (18.2.2.) reformed (18.3.2 ) Number of countries with biodiversity-relevant taxes (18.4.2.) Number of countries with biodiversity-relevant charges and fees (18.4.3.) 19 Goal D D.1. International public Amount of funding provided funding, including official through the Global 556 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target development assistance for Environment Facility and conservation and sustainable allocated to the biodiversity use of biodiversity and focal area (19.4.2) ecosystems (Number 19.4.4) Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North- D.2. Domestic public funding South, South-South and of conservation and triangular cooperation) sustainable use of biodiversity committed to developing and ecosystems countries (19.4.3.) (Number 19. 2.2) Foreign direct investment, D.3. Private funding official development (domestic and international) assistance and South-South of conservation and cooperation as a proportion sustainable use of biodiversity of total domestic budget and ecosystems (19.5.2) (19.4.5) Amount of biodiversity- related philanthropic funding (19.5.3.) 557 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target Number of countries (and number of instruments) with payments for ecosystem services programs (19.6.3.) 20 All 20.b Number of goal and countries that have targets taken significant action to strengthen capacity- building and development and access to and transfer of technology, and to promote the development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation (20.4.1b) 21 All 21.1. Indicator on biodiversity Species Status Index (21. Proportion of known species goal and information for the 2.2.) assessed through The IUCN targets monitoring the global Red List of Threatened biodiversity framework (21. Species (21. 7. 3.) 8.2) 558 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target 22 All 22.1 Land-use change and Proportion of total adult Number of countries where goal and land tenure in the traditional population with secure the legal framework targets territories of indigenous tenure rights to land, (a) (including customary law) peoples and local with legally recognized guarantees women’s equal communities (22.2.2b) documentation, and (b) rights to land ownership who perceive their rights to and/or control (22.12.2.) land as secure, by sex and 22.b Number of countries type of tenure. (22.12.1.) taking action towards the full, Trends in number of equitable, inclusive, effective environmental human rights and gender-responsive defenders killed annually representation and disaggregated by country, participation in decision- gender; number of making and access to justice indigenous environmental and information related to human rights defenders killed biodiversity by indigenous (22.19.2.) peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities, and the full protection of environmental human rights defenders (22.15.4b) 559 National Headline Indicator Component Indicator Complementary Indicator Target 23 Goal 23.b Number of Proportion of seats held by A&B countries with legal, women in (a) national administrative or policy parliaments and (b) local frameworks, inter alia, governments (23.6.2.), to implement the (23.3.1.) Gender Plan of Action Indicator on national (2023–2030), to ensure implementation of the that all women and girls gender plan of action have equal opportunity (23.2.1.) and capacity to contribute to the three Proportion of total adult objectives of the population with secure tenure rights to land, Convention, including (a) with legally by ensuring women’s recognized equal rights and access documentation, and (b) who perceive their to land and natural rights to land as secure, resources (23.2.2b) by sex and type of tenure (23.4.2.) 560 Original publicly accessible source: https://api.cbd.int/api/v2013/documents/23E2CCE2-E8C2-8963-88AF-10FD781920E0/attachments/617823/NEW%20Validated%2 0NBSAP%202025-2030.docx. This PDF was created by Climate Policy Radar (climatepolicyradar.org) on 02 December 2025. For non-commercial use only. Reach out to us at support@climatepolicyradar.org if you have any enquiries.