Namibia’s Marine Resources Policy

Republic of Nan,ibia Ministry of Fisheries and rviarioe Resources Namibia's Marine Resources Policy T0\1Vards Responsible Developn1ent a11d Managerne11t of the Marine TTcsourccs Sector August2004 Namibia's lVIarine Resources Policy Towards Responsible Development and 1"1anagement of the !Vl arine Resources Sector August 2004 PI-U::FACE Namibia's marinc fisheries sector 'las changed grcally in die yeatS since lndcp~dcnc.e. Tiie fish stocks w..:: inJteriled i11 1991 had b~u severtl)' over-lish<:d by forc isn distMI wa1er lishing llccts. This sad sim:ttion was m;tinly .l resull o f lhe almost co111plece llbscncc of fisheries ma.nagemefll in Namibi~1·s ,'ltltets. In nddition, pre-lndep,e11denct~ pa11icipation in the (\farine R<:sour.ces Sedor by Namibians was 1he p1>eservc of :t r•rivilcgcd few! h was against this background 1ha1 the Minister 1-esrl')n..c;iblc for fisheries al ch;.11 1ir1c, Honourable Helinul Angul.l, .SCI forth lo establish a policy framework for 1he sector. In OL-«mbcr t 991 his visiooary White P1per, "TQw(1,·(/:,• R1'$J)Onsible De\'e/Qpmem oftlu! Fisheries Seer():·· came inlo force. This doc.\Jmem set out 10 achieve three main s.lralegic and noble ob.jcctives namely: the rebuilding of Namibia's plui)deted fish stocks; lhe establishment of an eili.>-<:lh•c 11s,cries monitoring. <X>lllrol a11d s1n•cillancc syslem; and the establishm-e:Jlt of ll viable national fish ing and prooessing industrie.~ wilti maximum N3mibinnisation of jobs and einpowentlel\l of pn.wicmsl>' excluded people. 171c 1991 comprehcnsi\'c Policy F'rum~work tu'"'-' ri:le ro the s~a f.icl1o.'ri>)t ,\ ,et (Act 29, I ~192). Thi~ l:~l 0\11 th~ ~l1Jn1P.nl~ of r.,u r m:magcnmtl syste11l. in<:luding. 1hc ir:inting of fishing, rights, seuing 1O1al allO\vablc c.atches b."I.S(:d on research and grnnling of <1uotas: to 1i3h1 holders. The 1991 White papc1' h.ls helped cr~-ate a business en\·iroomcm thm has rcsul t<:d in the ~t.'lblishme:nt of a healthy and vitmnl in-dUSIJ)' 1h31 1>S)'S s f~ir price for the privilege Qf 1nilising Namibia's Marine Resovrces. Many things have cl1:uiged on the ]()Cal, regional aod i111eroa1ioc>al front since we gained Independence iJl 1990, and took control o f our M~winc R.c-source.'i Sector. In 2000. the f,,fatine Resources Act. Act 27 of 2000, rei:eatcd the 1992 Si."<! f ish«ics Act TiliS new Act was a ncce.'isary evolutionruy step in our :i:ppioach lowards our m.i.rine 1-c-sourccs ~ ctor. It reOccts Namibi;l'S increasing role as a deve.Jopi1\g Ct>.'ISlfll -s12tc .. Since lnd~tdcnce we J~,·e signed a number of inh:rnUlional fisheries conventions~ :igreements and arra:113emcn1s. These-include the 1982 UN L~w of the Sea, 1995 UN ·rish S1ocks Agr«mcnt, snd the 1993 FAO Complitinoe Agreement. Namibia has :ii~ j oined International f:isheries todie.s such 1'1S 1hc International Co1nnission for 1he Conservation ol' Atlantic Tunas. lhe Commission tor 1hc Conservation of Antarctic Marine l.iving Rc-souroes rind 1hc South-cast At1anlic Fisheries Otganisation. Namibia is .also pul of the SQ\1thcrn African D::.velopinen1 Con.1m1 mi1y (SADC) and has ra1ified 1he SAl)C Fisltc.fics l' rolocol. These new obligations arc addressed iu the new Ac1, which incorporates internalional best p,1(1Ctice fo r fishc.rfos management Md the key eJcmcnls of the interuatiowl fishcri~~s mw ag,cment instrumenlS to which Namibia is a pany. Tilt new r\Ct also m;1dc provision for the' managaoent ru1d OO!lse.'vfu ion or non• lish marine resources such a'i Cape fur sea.ls, guano and seaweed. Just a. the legislation noedOO to be updalcd in light of chang.i11g ci.1'<:m'ftstances, so too it was n~y to upda1e 1hc policy framework fol' 1hc sector m ensure hnrmonisa1i<,n \Vith the r\CI, The 1Cl'lll Namibianisa1i9n is used s:\'cr.d 1imes i1\ this doc~1mcnt. and warTants a clear interp~l<\lion. Namibiauisation me;'lns greater involvement. particii>"tion Md benefits for N:i:mibi-ans l'mm the Sector. This comes 1hro11gh shan,ownership in fishini; companies, tfnployme1H m 311 levels, n1anagerial CClfllro1 or fi shing oompmies, invoh•eme.111 i1~ p(Ocessiflg :i.,:d mnrkcting. and so on. ·n1e benefits <krivcd from the C.isheries !'I.lid IV13tin.e Resource~ Sector should also touch 1he whole cou,11.1y in a tang,ible way. Nau1ibi:inisatiot\ simply put, is a means to peJoe, economic reconciliation, equity aod increasing employment for Nan1ibians. especfolly the previously disi:dvantaged. Thus il is my ple;,'!,SUrc to introduce this new p<>licy .s1ateme1n for 1he inatinc resource$ sector. This documcnl retains all of 1he key l)Oli~y elements of the 1991 White l'apc: and addresses new c.oncep1s Md considcra1ions. But we musl r,;membe.-. our fi sh reso1.1tce$ arc fir1ite! We musl .always ensure thai 1he le\'el of fishing is commcmmate with the size of the SlOCks. By 11eccssity, this means that tl1e right to exploit our marine resoUJC<S mus! be r~trictcd 10 n le\'cl that lhe resouroes tJ1emselves ~il sustai,, to CM bcodi1 of .:ill Namibia,s through levieS and other fotms of1axation. If properly managed out marine resources will con1inue lO yield be11efics in pcrpc1uity. OR ABRAHAM lYAMH() MINl~·TER, WINOHOEK, AUGUST2004 C TART .le 01<' C ONTli'.NTS OVERVrtW OF THE l'IARINf. HESOURCl:~S SECTOR~ ................................................... l I .I INTRODUCTION ..... ..................... ,,, . ...... ,,,, ... ., .............. , . .... . . ... . ...... . .... ................ . ................... I 1.2 11m F'ISIIERll:S ,\ND \1,\RINE Rt:SOURCl::S STOCKS ........................ , .. ,, ....................... .. . . .. . ... . I 1.3 n-re F'iSHfNO INOUS'fRY .............. , .................•........•........... .................................................... 4 I A ROU! 0 1' MARINE Rl:SOURCl::S IN 1lU! N/\TlONAL ECONOlVY ...... , .......................................... 6 1.5 V,,l.lJE (')F EXPO~TS ........................................................................... , ... ,, .............................. 6 2 MARINI: RESOURCE \IANACEMENT ............................ .................................................... 7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2,4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.S 2.') 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 ArJ•ROACM TO 1rnsourt<..~ MAr-lAGEMl!N1 ........................... .................................................... 7 MAKE ................................................................................. .................................................... 7 PU.Cl IA.RD .............................................................................................................................. 7 1101\SB MACKl,REL ............................................................................................................... , 7 ROCK I.OHSTER ...................................................................................................................... 8 LINEFISM ............................................................................ .................................................... 8 r,.,fC)NK ...................................................... , ................. , ....... .................................................... 8 ORANOE ROUGIIV .................................................................................................................. 8 OEl~f' S£A 1u:o CltAB ......... , ................................................ .................................................... 9 CAPB F'UR. Slk-\l, ...................................................................................................................... 9 tvfuu.rrrs ........................................................................... .................................................... 9 OTI-IF..R. RESOURCHS ........................................................... .................................................... 9 LARGB J>'l::LAGlCS ............................................................................................................ 10 MM\IN!;Al,QAE ............................................................................................................... 10 2.15- GUANO ............................... , ........... ., ................................ .................................................. 10 2.16 l}R()Tf..CTf(»I 0 11TI U.MAIUNli'. f:MVIV.0~1i,.ffit,.1·1•............... .... .... .... • • • 10 3 O!:VELOPMENT Ol'Tll£ MAIILNF, nr.s ounCES SEC'rOR .......................................... ll 3.1 INTROOUC.JION .................................................................. .................................................. 12 3.2 ROI...E OF' FOREIGN Ei-.~rERPRISl:S ......................................................................................... 12 3.3 STATli P,\RTIC:ll 'ATION ANO SWPORT ................................................................................. 12 3.4 RI0H'rs BASED MANAOEMt~NT Sys·mMS ............................................................................. 13 4 LEGAL FRAMEWOIU{ ANl) rrs fl\fPL£Ml:NTATION .................................................. 15 4.1 L60AL F'RA~IE\\!OR.K ........................................................................................................... 15 4.2 MONITT>IUNG, CONTit0LANOSIJRV£11.,LANCG .................. .................................................. IS 5 G£NERAL, PRINCIPJ.f,S, OJUECTIV!: AND STllAT£GC£S ............................................ 17 :'.i.l P"f(INCll'Lf3 ............. ...................................... , ...................................................................... 17 5 .2 ()VER,\ll. 08J£cnv, . ......................................................... .................................................. 17 5.3 s·rRATEGIES ............ , .......................................................... .................................................. 17 $.•l (l\'Tl:RNATION,\l. l'ltAME\\'OR.K .......................................... .................................................. 17 6 S1'RATECIES FOR T ~R MARINE R£SOURCESSECTOR ................. ............................ I~ 6 . 1 LE<JISLA·n v-r:. INS'TiTUTIONAl, ANI) .. , nMINJSl'R,\TIVI: FRA."1£WORK ................................... 19 6.2 COr-t.SERVATION ANO RESP0Ns16LI: MA.NAGl:ME.."lfOF MA1fNF RHSOlJRCL:S ....................... 20 6.3 SUPPORT fOk 00Mf:$TIC CATCIIING, PROCL:SSlNG ANO MARK&TING ................................... 2l 6.4 ENI~ANC6D PARTIClb\TlON t·oR NA.\ll fJIANS ....................................................................... 23 II 1 OVERVIE\V OF THE MARINE RESOURCES SECTOR J. l 1N1'R00t;CTION N~ntibi::,.'$ coastline stretches alx>,1 800 nauucal miles (about I SOO k11), 11,e :;ea off Namihin has sn exceptionally high biologic:.ll proc.m:.tivtty. This is ptiocipt1lly t>ec.iuse of U1c up-wcllins o f mio·ieulS rcsullint from Lhe Ocnguda Currell. The bu.1.k of the tot:11 commerci~d Gh biomass is made up o f: • Pilchard, anc-1\..wy. juvc,li~ horst. mackcrd ;ind minor spe(:(es like round-hcmng :ind red-eye rc1m:$Cl\t 1he 11~1::tgic inshcrc. tauna. • Adult horse lll:lCkerel is. ta~cn in lhc mirl•\\':lU:r IO~lht!r with c<:fll"r\jl'S $()f."h .lS ~(J.(u~k . • Bottom d\\'Clli1>g or dcmcisal spcc.ics such as bake. monk. krngktip :uul sole ;lie usu.;dly found ..:lose to thc-bonom. In 1l•e O~ugvcla Cum:m, 1hcte is ;'I 1e11C..:11cy for Juve-mks 10 frcqncm .shallO\v water :'ltld 10 mO\'C· into d:1:cper w:itef, :-is lhe fis.h grow Jars.er. This is tbe <:ast for exa,)lple with hake. monk inrl holse m:.'lck,.,reL All imporlant commcrei:'11 s1>ecies. sudl as hake, monld.ish. 1ock lobster, deep,-sca rcrl crab, pilcbard. horse mackeccl, ot:1,,ge roug.by, Jarsc pclagics ;l.1)d seats ar<.· Total All(,wable C:itcb ('f,\ C) and quotn m:rn:iged fo:hcrics. In nddi1ion. IJ•Crt are a number of Jess :'lb\1lld.'U1l fish and she.II fish, for e:·mmple suoek. ldngldip, chub lll;l.Ckere l ~nd linctish ih:11 :'l(e of cconomk imponanec, 11,ese ,ue landed primarily lS b)lc:m:h of oth::-r targe: species or sptcies lhat-arc man:'lgcd bt effort wntrol. l.1 TRE FISIJEIUES ANO MARINE RESOURCES STOCK-S The fi rst lishe1y lllat was dc\'cloprd iu Lllderitz was the rock lo-bstel' (shery in 1925 while- the sooek band hn<:-. fishery was tbe first to be developed in W:,h-is Bay. In lhc l~SOs aod 1960:s.. two new maJor indus1rial fisheries were es1ablishe,i off •he N~mib1an ooastlinc; an insb~i:t pelagic fishery for pilchru:'d aod 3uchovy exploited by a Naruibian based pur$C'•Scioe Oeet and an .;iff.-;horc trawl ti.shel'y for hake and horse mackertl ui.ajnly cxploittd by distaol waler fleets from a min:ber o( oations. Responsibility for lhe managcffCfH of resourc.es and Lhc rog\1l:i1,ing of Lhc fishcricj! bcfo,e hldependence was L he 1cs.p(msibil.1y of I he S omh A r. i<;au Admimsmtion in Wi11dboek for inshore fisheries. and 1hc <fofou<:t lnternati(lt1t1J Commission for the. SoulhC3st Atl::11Hic Fisheries (JCSEAF) fo,· offsl1orc fisl1efiesy Allho11t:h ICSCAFs rcforcn<;c 3r~aJso i11dudcd the sc:.s off i\11g,ola and Soulh Afric:,. iu l;11er yc-<1rs its main 2c11vitrcs fo<:~•ssed on Lhe resources .1;1d fisheries offNomibia, ,vhfoh up lO l.ndcpcndencc was one o f 1he fow rich l'i'shins ~\'P.~~ b r wbich :m [h:du,ivc 6<:◊n◊miC 2 011"' h:id nc:it yet l>\l.::l'I d<:clal'\;d. This :aurnc1cd nt:in)' diSl:'IJ1l-water4 fishing ilce1s, ~kM 101al Mnual l'.illches prior IO l.udepcndcncc between 1986 and J9SS, according. to ICSEAF s1:'!1isti<;s, \V.ts close to I.) inillio11 1onnes (hake 330 000 1011.nc-s. fflsc m:ickcrcl 500 000 tonnes, pilchard and anehoV}' 230 000 tonnes and Qthers about 230 000 ton,'l.cs). These eatches derived mosll)' f(o(u Namibian fishing ,a:i-<:unds.. with I.he cxcc1>1ioo of sowe catches of horse n)::t<:kefel and other species from southern Ango'.an waters~ and .sn)a11 c:i1<:hes by Sootll Afric:i in tbe .south of the Orange River. Th-e firs1 band landed \•alue of I.lie catches amoun1e<l 10 N$J 58 million in 1988. Rcgul31oiy ooeasures practised by [CSEAF indud<.-d s.l()ba1 TACs for 1:orsc mac.k<:t'CI, dmb mackereJ and soook. a llocated cou1J1.1.y TACS for the hake stocks. minjmum trawl mesh. size. insl1orc prohibition zone for irawliog, aod maximum J>cre<:111:ige by-catch ofh:ikc i,) die hcrse mackerel c:itc11es, (CSEAf,. ocsscd functioning in 1990 follow.11(: the declarn1l(),1 by Namibia of n 200 n:u,1ti<:al miles Cxclusivc E<:011omic Zone .. J\(lc,· lndcpcn.:knce the hor.se .u·,;.-ic~erd TAC is parlitioned betwc.c11 tic mid•walt r ~od pnrsc seine fis.l,~•.ries. w hi<::h 1 :'!rr,ct the aduh a rd juv('Jlile components of the s.1ock rcsp.cetivdy. No tni.wliug, is :illowcd inside the. 200•n\ttet isob3t!I. 1.2.1 Rake The ex1stence of Si81lifieam 00sho1e n:S0\1rces in the Ben~uela Cur~o1 was <lemonstnned by Stn'VC)'S in late 1950s. aud exploit:uion <1f these r<:sourocs beg:in ill early 1960s by dist:.i,11 w:i1er trawkrs. By 1965, the indus1ry had .already developed into a muhina1jo11:1.l fishr1y of half :l n)illion tonnes annually. ·1'his de\'d0prncnt ooind.kd w1tb a rapid i11crc:?sc m mcmb.::s of ,n()<lcm stcrn-trawJ~rS it) 1he llcets or many countries, whicl1 rc.<:uited in im:.reased fishing pressure. and subsequently rc-dueed catch r,,1tes io the N◊11h Atlantic Je1m:1s:,I Fisheries.. The de\·clopme1n (lf lhc fish<f)' off dte then South-\Vest Africa \V.'IS (h-eccforc :-csuh of the f00e1)loymcm of cxccs:.h·e <:itching ciipac1l)'. 11le <>~•~tc!lp::..city ,w,: l'urlhe-r t>xt11:~,l,;\tOO hy ,tw- ""rl:u':lt-inn M 1he fid1ing wncs i.n the mid• 1970s, Hakes wc1e Jishcd with a bottom tr~\wl, wliich was standard u1 the fle<:i$ of manv cou11lries.. A minimum of cod-end mesh site ◊f 110 mm was se1 b)' ICSEAF regulations, fo the i3te 1980s. th~ majorily of foreign vessels fishing off Namibis were large th3ll I 000 gross rcgisH:.te-d t01)ncs long­ range factory freeze, t~wkfs. man:: L-quipped fo1 funhcr 1uocessmg of !he cmch on board. ' fh..:re w..ls 3 rapid build-up of fisti.ug cffo11 on the hake stoc.k from d1e nud•l960s to early 1970s. Catches iurn:.i.sed 10 :1 j>L';lk of abc,ut 600 000 tonnes in 1972:. lligh le-.,cts or cxploitatiou con1inuc:d 1111t il the end of the 1970s but e:11,:hcs and eatch 1·31es declined. Ha~ stocks had, in faet, btcoo.1e scnousty over,cxr,Joited already by i,,id~l970s and remained in 1lm state. until 1990. ICSEAf introduced a c<>d•tod mc:-h size il'f:'r<:ase ti, I JO mm in l975 aud (I. catch limi1a1io11 from 1977. The effects lh\~sc m~sur<S had we.1e 1).({!li&iblc since the a<:lu :'11 eatches exc-.. x-ded 1.he TACs by more than 100000 tonnes for die period 1777-1980. lom1cdintely after lnder,cndcnc,c the ha.ke TAC was J1:\sti~~1111)' r,•,for.r.rl fnr 1wt'I >•ea,~ H9?0 :md 199 I) t◊ ~How 1hc rcsou1ce to recover. Since i992 the TAC was :;lowly :idju.slcd upwards .i.n<l ~:,kcd at 210 000 l01wes in 2001 . \.'2.2 Pilcliard After 1.be r:ipicl development of the pilchard fishery in lhe earl)' 1950s. laudings remained stable ,uuil !he early 1960s due to a pohcy d s1tic1 regulation of bo1.h I he landing quo1as :'!11d the proceii:;ing c-apiie-ity. Prom 1959 onwards, ht,,vcwr, the potiC)' o( reg.ulali<>n w1s ab3ndoncd Ql101:is rapidly multipli~d. :1 ud <I uring the: m id•l960s I he fishery cxp..lnded g reatly. culmi11;:Jli1l£, in a total c:::teh of pilchnrd of l.4 million tonnes in Namibian wstcrs m 196$ Thcrcalh•r. up (<> 1972, catc.l1es foll dr:)sti<::111)' because of lowe, ;'!,1ail:ibili1y of fish bu1 spOt:!dic good recrui1mciu sust3ining 1he fishcriL-s at this tower level nntil lndcpender:ce. The estimated tOt;"tl biomass ofthepikh:ud s.tock declined (ron1 6 milhon tonn~ in !9(i7 to low levels be.fore lm.lC1)Cildcnec. In th.:-e..lt'1>•90•$ there were sii:o.is of some-rC'l:-OYCt)'· Thcreaf\er. howc\.•cr. the SIQek ded inOO re~<:hin& very low levels in 19%. ·1nis period was fo1lov1ed by lh1ctu:i11ons m Utt.: stock. biom;:,.ss wi1h 3 recent SOO 000 10111,es cs1im.11ed. h\ 1997/1)8 d1.t:1i:: W3S n smgle pulse <>f sood recrui1ment and 1be b iomass incie;"tsed 10 be1wccn 300 and 400 OCO tonnes. The. btomass ~gain de<:lioed as recruiln'te-n\ w:is again poor, dropping to 3 low of be1wec11 30 000 and 40 000 tonnes iu 200 I. Ln 2002 ii very good pulse Q.- fccruiunenl w:::is detcctod. This n;~shc<,I in the biom:,ss increasing to above 500 000 lo1mcs. The difforctu J<:vcls ofrecruitmc,n success of pdch:)rd 1h:u drives the 11el)dS in 1he bionuss ls the resuh of ,.rnvironmental tluett1!!1ions. t.l.3 l)()1'Se nrn.ckcr('1 Aller the collapSe of the pikhard fishery in the mid•70's 1hc h<irse m3ckcrcl fishery showed siguifiC. tJ\I nrowth. The TAC se:1 for hor..e ura<:kctcl is divided btlwecr ;,he mid.walet and purse•selue industries. Over the past decade combined laudiugs made by lhe purse-seine and tuid~w21cr trawl Oc-c1,:i co,nribut«! S9¾ <>fthe i<>l:1..1 it~h fai,tkd ,n N:11mhi:1 M ici-watcr l:orsc ll);)Ckercl C3tches. ttt.'lke t11) the. bulk of the horse mn<:ke1cl b 1tding.,; since 1990. A::;::;c»mcu !:,. imhc~lc lh;;ct ll1c1c ~•<11> •• 1,,1.m:.i.J~.,) t,I,:; i,:it1~."1$C ill 1h,: ,bu nd..:m-c,c o f hur:t~ inackcr<:I during. 1he si,11ies :i11d scvc1nk1:. Sd,scqucntly, the biomass fluctua ted tetwee:1.1 800 000 :ind 2 million mcmc tonnes. 'l'hc tlm·-tua1iou iu the biomass is fctleetcfl in slight hcrcascs and decr.:..i..'<;(.!S in 1he TAC's lh:tt were sc1. T AC's since lndtpc-ndcnce rose from just ov-ei· 1(0 000 tonnes dtLring 1990 and 199 1 and then slabiliscd betwt.,el) 3)0 000 .-i11-d 400 000 lO!l!lC',S during: th: ht!C 1990s and early 2000s. 1.2.4 Rock Lobster 1-.'amihi:in rock lobster is found mS:101e. on rocky par1s of 1be t03Sl lO tic 1h)t1h and somh of Uideritz. The lobster pOpulation ,v:is &e\·ei:ely O\'ec-cxploitc(l in lhc l:ite I ?60s, aud a l'urther tfoclini;: 10 1he mid· 1970s ts alleged to be th~ result of :idvt:rse eu\·ironme,ual <;:01,ditiQn$. O••cr the period 1980-89 catches ranged bc1wecn I 100 rnnnes and 2 .900 tonnes with a m~·.an of aboul l 100 lOnoes lhis repf.::scn1s (Inly 20-25 perceal of 1.hc 1 000-8000 t(m\es level of1hc 1960$. l'o~t lO<kp<-od•:m.·<.· Na.m1bb b~1,; ~·,:t $..-~,,;,mal Qlt(\f:1$. ~• lo,\• kv~lc;:, th:-o· t11ll"lw fnr 1hr rrr.nvr.ry n f 1hr. ft:so11rce. tkc:tusc of 1he worrying decline in the smck during 1he late 1980$ lbC TAC w:is ced~1.;cd to 100 tonnes m 1992. Since 1992 D1e biomass showed a con:sistcm in,:rcasc and the TAC could be increased slowly up to 2000. Al th:s time tJ1e estunalod biomass w.'IS :ibou13.0001oom:s and the TAC w;1s s~I ;)l 400 10MCS, TACs ba,•e 110 1 been increased since 2()00. 1.2.5 Unrli.sh Kob and wcs:1 coasl slecobras are the most unportant cumpom:01 of tl.e lioefish fishl~1·y of N:unihia :rnd :ire c:iuglu by rod>:md-surf angler:<., ski-boo! fishcm1::n and c.c,mmerdal hneboats. The kob biomass is estimated to be about 7 H)() touuts... Dr1std 011 lhis bjom3ss eve! it is <:!lk:ui:i1cd that about 950 tonnes c11n be mlr\tcstcd sustainably per year. t his a.mouol is b-.:i:ig harves1ed :1lmos1 foJly :is :i combined total of .'!bout SSO tonoei was l;wd,:;d by 1hc e<nn incrcial l incfish ho:11s, ski-boots and shore :mglcrs during 1hc 200 ll200:? seascn. The n(ud:l\\1es1 coo1:1 :-1ec11br:is SICIC< bioma1:s is cs1im111c-d to be 2bout 2 000 tonnes. It is eslimatcd that about 280 tonnes ixr y::.ar eau be. :iarvested sus1ai11ably. As the cotubioed faudi~,g.5 for 2001/2002 of 1hc commercial line li1:h vessels, $bbo3Ls :md shore-sng:lcrs is about i9•) tonnes this rcs<>urce could be barveskd sustaio::i,bly ,11 tbt:Se Jeveb iu fo1ure. 1.2,6 Monktish Up to 2000 the bottom trawl fisht!r)' targeting monk.fish w~s n1an;;.gci by effort C<>t\lrOI, This w~s done by I imi1fog I he 1) umbe:, s.i;,:c a nd hOl'$Cj)(lWcr oft he "csscls. A sl gnificant part or t he monk landings .-,re t.iken as by-c~lch iu 1he h.ikt fisheries about 35% of !he lolal l3oditl~ . Sine<: 2000 1he man~g~-mcn! or 1he monk fishery i~ based on TAC's. Th,:; mo,)kfish resoufct is in n sound c:ofl<li1io.n and 1hc biom:?ss level is cnlcul:lt<:d to be shove the levd wh..:re 1be productivity of the,e.sOW'te will b~ ~•I i1s m.'l.xio1uo1, T1\C's :)t'e sc:1 10 :iu~in m:ix-imum pm<luc1ion levels. C:tlcula1ions indic:m: lh:tl lhc TAC for monk should ~iabihse al about 12 000 tonnes p<:l illll)Ulll, 1.2.7 Oraugc Rough)' and Other Occp Sc11 Rt•sourtt'S Orange roughy started off as an t'Xploralory tishc:ry in the mid-1990's with catches of about 6 300 1onncs by 1hc end of 1995. In 1997 orange rou3hy became a quo1n m:inased fishery with an initial allocated TAC of 12 000 to1u1<:s. TI1e observe<! biOl).l~ss h.'IS sioce decfe3sed subst:;m1i:illy .ind catch rotes have dropped. with tot-al landings for the 2002/2003 fishing season amounting to 2 200 tonnes. Ctmeody orang~ H'lt1 ghy i.s mau .. 'lg«i on a q,1ota mat1.,1gemeJl1 are.is {QM.:\) basis. i.e. il\dividu31 Tt\C's arc sc:l for ::ach of the cunc:nl four QMA 's. 1·he area of a QMA measures 50 om by 50 nm :ii:o,111d a c:?lel)la(ed ce(llfC o( as.gi:tg:ition. based oo comn.crcial a11d s1ll'vcy catch dala collcc1cd Jlrior to mid~l998, Since some QMA".s had mo1e-tha11 oue centre of ag,g~g;nion, t be .ictu.il ;,.rea of the rnlr.v;ml flMA . i. h ie,ee~r 1h;w 'iO n ·u hy 'i() nrn Nan,ibia.'s Ma.rinc Rc.so 11rces PoUcy Alfonsi no, c:udinal lish , and thrcr species Qf ()feos :ire by-catch specits in the orang'\!. roughy fishery. f or alfonslllo a scp.i.tale 'l'AC of 10 000 lOnne:, was stt io l997i98. \\ith close 10 I 000 1or111e,5: being c:mght. Consequently it w:is decided not to altocate -another alfons.im T AC for I.be 199Si99 lishini se::ison. bvl 10 se1 a lr.igget }eve) <of 2 000 l<mn es, up,oo the :inain.me1)t or which the managcm~•nt and research or :tllOnsino be reviewed. Total landings of alfonsino for lbe 2002103 Gshi.ug. ~<'!so11 :lll)Olu)ted 10 :ipptoxin)atcl)' 46 1onncs. No TAC's ha,·e ever been sc1 for cithl:-r cardmal fi sh or any oreo species. 1.2.8 Oec p-sea red crnb I)cep-sea red crab has been expb itcd off the Namibtan coast st nee 1913. ,,. , 1lb catches peaking a 1 10000 tonnes in 19S3 and foJlint: 10 7000-8000 lOw)es duting 19S4 -19S6. Presently, 1his n:source is being commercially exploited in 1 tra1> fishery by two vessels. with catches in rtceu1 ye~rs :.1 :)b◊ut 2 000 101111es. Si11ee lndc-J)cndcnce 1hc rcrource has re.iictcd positively to the conservative 1•AC'.s d1.;ll we.re set and lhc biomass show a slow but eoo:sisteut i.ncre~se. 1.2.9 Cape for seal The h:uvcs1ing or cape fur seals off the coos1 of Namibian can be t.rac«I back 10 1he 1911' eenh1ry ,vhen fiuropean and American ~ tilers frequen1ed 1be se:il colonies. The fur seal population has been assessed lhrough aerial oensuses since I ?72. The c.ensuses ha"e shown a .ste:·1dy l11t1e:·1se: o f the Namibi:in pup pt-Odtic1iot\ of betw!C1l ii •S% each year from 1972 up «: a peak value in l993. TI1i.s W-il S. followed by :t mass mortality eve:1t ill 1994 aud .'I droJ) in pllJ) pcoduc:;ion in the following years. The De~ mbec 1997 ae,fal c e11Sl.lS i ndic:uc,d 1JY.i1 pup production oft he 1998 cohort r«<.wered to :iboul 85% of lhe pre• l994 b ·el. T1lt rna lO t -0lo1Ues ;'IJ'C hafv.::s.1cd b:i.scd on individunl quotas gi\·cn as part of 1heTAC. J ,l , LO OU.t1 H.i.".SUu1·c C:1> Various othc.r spc-<:ies. sud1 as ki.ug.klip. cbub tl)3Ckeccl, <lcmcx, J:tc.opcvcr and sharks an: lakcn as. by• calcbes to ,he C1)!llmcreial fi$hcries. The potcnlial of some of 1hese species to become 1argcted lishcries is being ,1ssessed by .-i1Jo~'lti11g cxplora101y fish ing righls. The anchovy fis.hcry started in I %8 when small-me-shed pul'S1Meinc 'f'l::L<: were introduced. This shorl• lj\·ed fish bas shown larsc nalul';)l '1umwtions of yidd aod stock .th1nd:incc. From the stan ot' the fishery. annual c alcb~ varied b elweeo $3 OOOa nd 3 55 000 tonnes until I 98) . By I he eatly I 9SOs, ho\,•evet. a general dcc:linc of adu!t stock biomass was recorded. l.3 TIIE FISHING JNP1JSTRY 1¥, .1 Sl1(, .. ~ f.'11dlitit~ 1:m,1 Proc~ sing lndustTics With the declar.ttion of the 200•Jl1\1lical miles EEZ :tnd the full t on1rcl lh;l.l Namibia obtained over its m:!rine rc$ourccs the dcvelopmeia1 of ;) Nairi.ibi:in Ii .shins and processing indus.lJy \\<;"IS made pos.1iblc. l!ven when Walvis Ray w :t$ $1 ii' under 1.he jurisdic:~ion of$ 0111h A fdca, arrangements we.re p ul i 11 place to ensure thal oorup.-1.11ies operat.iJlf; ou1 of Wnlvls Bay were p;1~ing t;).;-:es i•> Windhoek and, by ::igreemcl)t with South Africa; Na1nibian in:;ptcl◊1$ co111roltcd quotas. Oecause of emphasis plaocd on uc c.re:ttion of employmenl. ◊1)sborc processing pankularty fot wel lish incJudlng ha.ke was promottd. S1,1bsu n1i31 developments have tak.eu pl::ice with regard .o the harlx>l1r focili1ics in tudcriw The hart>our has beeo di-edged :i,td deepened, thus pro\·idiJl& be-uc,· tin-d exp:tnd<:d servici.og facilities to lltc f<>Cl- lobster, hake -and large pel:igi.:; fish.in& indus1ry. The luderi lz. ha1bol•t«io 110w iakc vessels. with a maximunl dr::iught of about 12 m :ompared tl'I 6 ut in 1991. i he Namibi..l.n fi sh ptQCcssing induslry has undcrgo1te immense developments since 199 1 when the imlu.-i.u y Jnu.J .:t tvt11.I vf 1 l fo.ct,:,t'i.(.$, Cuucntly .:i lot~I of J O murine rCfiO\J,~c-prQcc,:i:ii ni;plant:; op(.lni.t\l in N..'ttnibi:i. 171e increase in shor; pr<>cessiog c~1)acity has kept pace with tbe prod11c1ivc capacity of N :amillta•~ Marl11c RtSOUl'(e5 Polict the rcoout~e-,. Thfa ,cc-tor pm.:,,:~,~ -' 1..lugc vf :,v(:d o.:, i11ctudil,1g, b.ike. pelagic nsh, seats :int1 S(;~we,ed, ' l'hc majority of 1he pr<>ressing is done in W:-tlvis O~y. Some plants arc b:iscd in l,.u(l,;:ril'..t and Hentics 13ay h;i,s a :;mall sca!-proccssi,)g \luit Ork"<! fish arc pr:>(htc<-d lo fociliti<.-s situated in inl3nd cowos Jjke Usakos IQ l:'!kc a,J\,;)nt.ige of the dry clim:i1c, N.imibia has pur.sucd dw option I·) process lish, cspecfally on land. The miniSllY .llJOctllt$ a larger portion ot' 1hc h:ike T,\C as wet fish qu0L'l fo.t on.shore proccssini; and t sm .. -.Her por1joa for processing a1 sea, Th~ e-conomic and socfal cf:e-cl.S of this alloc.mion :ire being monitored on an ongoing b:i.sis, 1·1os.1 C<'lt<.:hes arc processed ~I sea '.o some cxten1. lo other cases foll processing js done <>u board and frozen hake fi lle1s and C>lh~•r prod11cLS arc 1,coduced onboard. ln(hl.:$11)· pctfol'$ to process tJ1c li.sh a1 sea 10 en:;ure higher prices fot their products while Govenw1,;:ol pr:t'ers onshotc J)(Otessing as a measure of imptov<-d job creatton In 1h.e wake or stri.kmg a balance belwe<:11 sea processing vers11s land proccssiog. tbe split in a lloc*1j()I) oeed lo be c.atcfully ~c, 10 .llle; iate adverse cc,n scq1te,1ces on lhl~ pr.-.f~r-t•nr,io n f hr.,h tbe i:1,.Ju~uy:md the Gov~nt1'l>itut .1 .• \.1 ,-\(ln,.h.tJ.strutfrc Provisions- l'nor to 19(i9, adruiul-Slration of 1h: m:u'iue r,;:source:; sector of Namibiil was under the jurisdiction l)f th~ Sou1h We::;t Afnca .-\dll)il\iSl1:i1ion. In 196? howcve(, 1hi.s fuoc(ion was L'lkco over by South Africa. Nine- fe:its fater in lem1s of Procl:lm~tioo AC 5 of 1978, 1he fu.oction was again transfct(cd back .o 1he Windhoek admlnistrn1i(l11, The m:irketiug of canned fish., fish m,:al and oil W35 d1:111oelled througl a company,. Atlantic Canned f 1:;h $.ales 1h:i1 was registered ln Windho~k. All lishini; VC$SCl,S ,111d.::r licence from the \Vj odhoek ldminis1ra1lou were registered in Uideril:£.. Tite Namibian (.iovemmem mtiint.iined these :'!1Y30tements in the fin;1 )'C;lt .l(1er fodepcnde-noc. Under tlus system, in 1mociplc, fish ca.1ght ill Namibian wa1crs rc01.3in tile propc.rty of 1he N31uibian r.:s.i~1er,;<1 -..vmyau.ic~ lh:u ,q111;d (~cilhics to Walvis 0 :1)' for processmg. 00111 11)e lmi:;hed prodocLS were sold dnoog.h 1he Namibiar-rcg:istcred wa.rke1i.ng companies. Both oompanics and vessels rcgis1crcd i,i N3mibia were m:cd by Namibia. while on.ly 1be v,1lue of processing w:,s 1a.iwble in W~Jvis Bay. P:i11ly :is a re.suit of these mc:isntes (but also bec3u.~ of zcod catches), revenue eollec.1ed from lhe marine fesour-ccs sector iretc3sed, A«ording 10 provisions imple1,,en1ed by the Adminism11jol) iu 1986. co commeteiaJ c.itCIUJlgand/or 1)roce:;sing of N:nn ibi:m fish could Lake J)lac<- withoul a concession (1\)0,I the authorities. U11det Ibis system a concession was gran1ed fee :i period of seven yc:irs. A 6sJ1iog --essel could be JiceliSed 10 llsb only through individuals 0( companies posses.sing~ eo11ce.ss1on. In J~11uaty J 991. I.he <'iovc-mmc,.1t ~ n-e notice th:11 all cooces:;ionairei and licence holders in Lhe m.'l1'i11e resources industt")' :11 tb."11 time had to rc:'!ppl)', Sho,·1ly a.Ocr Independence, the Government in1toduoed legislation io ptoclaim a 200 nm F,xclosive E-.:·01,oin1c Zo ne i,, :.'ICV◊rJai.10c witl· chc ptovi$i0n.:1 ot"thc Uni1.:.d N"tkm:, Law of01c Sc.i Coovendon. i bis gave Nai:uibja :;ovcreign rizh1s (>\·er the muural rcso1.1fCCS wilhi.n 200 nm off I.be ooast. The n)ai'ine resources indust(}' produces a \'3tiety of producls. A1tcm1>:s ;ire made to ehher m:ifotaw or impro\'C the qualify ~md product ?rcscu~tiou to improve matket :'.ICC<:$$ and profi1abjli.1y. llxpor1s of b::ike. monk and kingkl.1, iucreascd to Spain, Por1ugal and 11aly while horse mackerel is exported lo Southern ;\frican Ocvclopmct11 Community (SADC) c 0udries and some W es1 African t◊untrics e.g. Nig<-ria. South Afric2, J3pan and China a,c IJ>e main importers of Natuibian fish meal and fi sh oil. Furthermore, Cl"ab, rock lobster :i.od hu1a are cxponcrl 10 k p<'ln. while Soulll Afric:i and the UK remain the m:.lin warkcts fer small pelagic produc1s. o.,~oge roq;hy is cxpo,1ed 111,·,inly to 1he United $totes of America. 1.3.4 Prnmutio11 o( Oomc-stk.Fish Cansumplj&u National su"•cys ha\'C i.odic-!ltcd thol i11 1994, per <:apilll fish cousunp1ion w:i.s :iround 4 kg per :umum. Contim,ons Ciovcmnwnl cfforlS i.ocrc:i.scd the c.ousomption of lisb £◊ bc1wceri S a1ld 12 Kg per c-1pi1a by 1999. This li~uR: r-::;>rescms only a. sm:ill p~•n::ent::igc o f1he l◊l::i.l annual nalional fish pmduc.tioo Gowmmenl <;(mtintt(.'S ·ts eff<n1S m enhance food sccuril)' f(r 311 N:unibi~u.s, 1.,1 ROLE OF MAIUNE RF.SOURCES JN THE NATIONAL £CONOMY Comributionofineome from m:irine resou«:cs 10 GDP h~s lluctua1cd ovet 1hc }'car.;. mt1i,lly due lo tbc unpredjernblc nature of the mariut c,wironmenl bu1 has shown an overall U,ccensc. from NS28S million (4¾) in t'Jl) J toN$2 294 m•lfon (7.6%) in 2002. 11~ d::u;,.if'ic:Ht,:,.U bctwl'll'n f'i ... hine ~nd 1noeessine has nlso t,,e:~o rcvis~,d in 2000 to be in line with lhe System o( N:itional AtcO\l1lls as is~u o:.:d by the United Nations. As 3 fcsull fishi.ug 1low indudes 11$h prnc.c.sscd on bo:1rd while J>toecssing only inc.ludc ftsh l)roccsscd o~ :;hore whicb clearly h;:,.d a sub:m1nti:il cffccl ◊o ,tic ,•s lues in ~c 1wo e;;ucg<Hics. The ,·:i.hic of fish'-1ries production has also mcrt::"lsed subst,111li:tll)' s.nce 199 1 mainly due 10 an i,lcrcasc in lbe pric.cs obtained in the e:<pol'I market:; ;is well 3s v.\hJ': addition. L::indcd valu~ has inc, e~sied four times i,l value fron'l NS520 million in l99l to NS2 (108 nrilJioo in 2002. fi1>:i.l value has iucrea-se.d aJOfC than 4 tinws from N$644 million in 1991 to N$3 395 nulliou it\ 2002. Since an es.lint'3tcd '.>7% of ,01:il lish production is expOrtC<.1, the value of c.-xporUt losc\y tbllow the sam:: lreu<I 3& final ,•;'lluc 3nd has also increasOO s,1bs1t1ntially frotn NS631 ttt.il lion .n 199 l to NS3 31 I million in 2002. The marine fi:;.hcries .s~ to, is curreutl}' the secoud big:;es1 <.::itncr of foreigi1 exchange i,l Nmnibia after the mining sector. J..S VALUE OF ~Xl'OJlTS 11,c EU iu\J>O!tcd 99 4l0 tonnes of 1i.sh :me! fish J>(oducts w(>1th NSI 576 million from Namibia, maki.1\& us lhc f◊l1t1h largesl de:vcbping <.:Olnllry supplier of fish to ll:le EU in 2000 after A:rge1uina, China aod Thailaod. N-,mtibia was di,e i:irgesl developing cOuJltl)' sup~•liCr ofh:ike-at 82 251 tonn~s. woi1h N$1 134 million. In regard 10 indivldu~I countries iu 20QO, Spain's total tmpont of hakt: wefc wonh NS2 G52 million, of which 40% c3me from Namibia lwl)"s tOlal hake imporlS we'fc worlh NSS'36 million. ofwhieh 6o/. was N:imlbian fish; Genn.m)1's !1:ike i 111JJ◊11S. were wonh NS277 million ;md 11 % ca.01c from Namibia: the UK imported hake \\Orlh N$SS million ofwbich 13¾ came from Namibi:i, and 34% of 1.he tQtal hake illlJl◊MS of 1 be N clltcrlMds wonh NSI 26 m illioi:, came-fron~ N aznibi,,. N :i.mibia a !so supplied I l% of lhe UK's sardioe .1.nports. the tottil of which w:i.s wo11l1 NSI 70 million. N":rnubia e)q)ccts these pc.-ccntagl.Z 01 Ille tota1 'll'l tuc of fisll impoib l<.i focrc-= fwcher in y~ J'$ to (;1),1)\C. Page 6 2 1VlARfN'£ RESOURCE M ANAGEMENT 2.1 APPROACH TO RESOURCE MANAGEM£,Yr ·n,c Govcrnmc,u·s p1·im:11y ,ask !II Independen-c<.· has been to r::.buil<l Nam1bio>s ovcr•exploitcd nnd dcplet<:d r.:l'SOurces to maximum sustainable k,·cls, main1sin the mhtr stocks in ::i hc:i.llhy coodition and explore the possibtltuc.s of rlcvelo1)ir,1g ,,ew fisJ,eries To di.LS tnd. the Oon~mmt ot has adopted an ovef:'111 poliC)' (>I developing a national fishery sector. For this purJ)osc the Govcm1lJe1H 1'<::dllCC<I ~tches over a period of time. :;onrmls in the fott\l <>f l'IJU\\131 TAC's, by.catch ,estrictjons and introducing dosed se:isons ;"Jnd areas. amongst othe.rs arc bcins enfor<.:<d. to lbe p1oces:, of scuins TAC's :i.td aHocatfog individu:i.l quo1:l.S. w1t'kus stock ~ssesswe111 modets are being te-stcd wilh tt "iew to rcfir:c ,hem f Of f\11ote use, J u .i dditfou, mam1gemcnt plans for a II t he s1ocks :ire ~ i.ng developi:d whkh include biologic:tl reference-point~ TACs :ire set Oil biologfoall)· suStainable pnncipks. However, the W:t)' the TACs 3(e o,auage<I and alll,C<'ltions art made to right holders in different indosuics, {for et:.l.Oiple 1he sptiuing of the horse mackerel TAC between t1lc mid• w:11cr n~wlerS ::ind the purse-setm-vessels) is done to ensure sustain:1t,lc and d ivetSc utilisation of the resour<:-ts while.enhancing fishe ry sp,ccilic scc1ors auJ 1he 11:i1jonal «.ooomy. 2.2 HAKF. Before Independence, the h:1ke 1eso111-ce was managed by 1CSHAJ: and lhc siock asscssmc,u W:IS b.'lsed 011 <.:Ommemat dat:t colle<,1ed by vttrious cou,uties ;ind on SuIVeys done by Sp:iin. Vlrtual J)opulation Analysis {VPA) and sut1)111s production model we.re impkmented in assessing the stQck. From 1900 10 1996 1he h:ike TA<:<: wt:rt-. rt---".nmmr.t1rl,':(I .-ua th<- h 11$ i $'. c, f $W~[)• "'~;11 bi/'.\1)1:.\$$ $urveyt. The recommended TAC was hosed on 1:iki1lg abo111 '20% of 1he fishab:c biomas.s. 1:-rom 1997 10 200 I the 'l'ACs were recommended by mc::ios of an biterim M:toagcmcnt Procedure (IMP). The IMP took ioto cousidenHion the trend in abrndance estimate$ from both sutveysancl commcn.:i.il Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE), in ndjustin3 1hc previous >'Car's TAC. The ~1ioistry continues to refine its :ipproaeh 10 scuing TAC's for 1bis fishery. Other management measures npplicd 10 the hake fisheries are area ,·md by-catch rc-strietions.; mesh size regulations and the impfc1\lCnl;Hjoo of selectivity de\'ices. 1 .:l PII.C!IAR.D Before lndc1)cndc.1)~e, tbe pilchru-4 TAC was based on hydro acoustic SUf\'C)' bioma.ss es1imates done h)' Soulh Africa. lhe sur\'cy biom.3S$ results wcce ll'eated as abso1uie biomass estima1cs and about 18% of the fishablc biOOl;'!SS w3.s usually g i \'Ctl as a TAC to be c:mght by Walvis Bay ba.sed purse­ seine vessels. NO\\' J)ifcl1<'1r<l is mmaged by setting an Mnu-31 TAC. The TAC is rtce>mmeoded based oo tbe results of hydro-:icoustic rnr ... cys :i.nd 1hese s un'eys a re condJcted in collaboration. w i1b 1 he industry. Pilchard surveys b,1ve b<en condm·..ted regularly since 1990. Two surveys are currenlly done each year, usuaUy in March and '.)clobcr. Roth 1.hese survtys estima1e lhe biomass or the fish older than one. year, but the October- soae>• in addiliou assesses the strength lfthc fish less lb:\O;). year old. Closed seasons aod by-catch restrictions are implcmcmcd as addj1i:,oal n\.'ui.agemi:nt me-asures to CO!lll.'01 p ilchard directed catches by I he J)UISC•seioe fleet. To I imi( pilchard by•e3tCh<:s O f l h<: il),id• waler trawl fleet, sener:'lll)' 3 no 11a.wl zone in waters shallower than ?J'.lO mete, is enfor<;ecl .u1d ljmilS on byC;'ltCb levels art set. 1.4 lJORSE MACJ<£R.!:L Before J ndcpcnde1)ce, lhe assessnent o fhorsc m-nc.lccrcJ was b asc:d (IO V irtu.d i>opulation Analysis {VPA) methodology, which was irlaio.ly do11e by s-cientists of the romcr Sovie! Unioo. Tbjs method was also used aftec lnrlepe.nde~<;e up to 2001. Duri11& 1hc p<tiod that the VPA method was i.mplcm::.ot~d 1hc stralc.g,y was to keep the harvesting kvcl .l1 or b~low :il)om 10 1>cr cc.nl <>f the Jish<'!blc biomass, Since 2002 an age-stcuemrcd pro1h1c1ion moclel is US(.'d to ;:isi;css the ho.-sc-mal:kel'el stock. TI1c model intcg.rntes the commcrc.i.LI catch ntcs (CPUB) from the mid.water 11« 1. the survey bion):iss estiul\llCS and !he catch at age or c.omme,eill landings. 11,c ann\lal TAC n::c01}1JllCndatioa is based ◊~l 1hc results of this model. Oy-c:11ch and minimum size r:strict i01)S, -dosed :l(cas and minimum con end mesh size MC implt111cn1cd as addi1ional measures to manatc 1hc ho.-se mackerel 1eoourec~ Z.S ROCK 1,0llSTER The TAC is ~1 according to the lish..-it)k bio111ass estimate from lhe De 1,.ury model, and the CPUE aod recruitment data. Uefote lnckpc-nde1\CC, ·'tag .111<1 cclcase .. ~seare,h Conned the b .'liiS for estimating tobsl..:-r m)mbcrs fo, the reeommet\d:tlion of" TAC. 0 1hcr m.-in.igcmcnt me3SllfCS indudc efl'ort res-1detions (n.:> mc,re th,~n 100 traps per vessel), closed ar..:-a.s :-.od closOO seaslms. uo felrnlcs wi1b egg.,; to be b nclcd and \I mi.limmn lcgnl size limit of 65 1tlm c:irapa<.:..:- len&th. Z.6 I.l~EFISB This fi sher)' b:)S histon~lly be<:.n ri.:g11l:i1ed by ..:-flOn c-0n1rol :)nd no 1·Ac is sc-t. ru,g.ling 1s subject to a bag li,1,it :ind a liet.J\$C and lhe e<immerti:)l catches :,1.r<; controlh::d by limited !'lcccss and effort. 2.1 MONK Result from an age.s.1mcturcd producuon mode1 is used lo dctero)inc the aunual ·r AC, TI,is mQdel is 611ed initiall)' to a staud:.1tdillCd CPU.E series and surVC)' biooass cs.1-ima1es in two scparalt assessments.. The model i$ then 61 t() both abundance ltldices sim11h:incously. with the :)Ssumptioil thnt the s.urvey biomass and the Gcncrn\ Linear Modclhng (GLM) stan~rcliscd CPUR series l)rovide ~n index of abundant.~. Restrictions o,~ cod end mesh site :iS we JI a:. :i general ll'3WI ban in water shallower thao 200 mete,· :.!re in p l:1cc a.~ addi1io1)al manag~rn(nt me..'l~\ircs. 2.S ORANC£RO\JGII)' Ao ag~ stnictu~d production model. which uses tlm:.e :)bnndauce indices: swep-1 are:i b1om.iss es.1im:ites. aooustie biomass, estim,-itcs and s1an,fardis ... -J c-0mmerej3J CPVE il)diC1.-s are used to assess th..:- -Ot:inge rougby stock. J\Jl1lllll cateb levels .iJe recommended to a 1surc tit.it tbc stock is not rci1J\l<;cd to below 50% of wb;,1 it was before fishiJl8, eomnn!1,ccd. ·n,is is tccau:w, for a s1>ecics with :i slow rt.ptoductlou r31c the maximum yield from the -stock is ob1nine-d "1bcn tl1e s1ock level is rc.duted 10 about 50% of the m2rgioal bionass. 11,c stock .is nl :maged by allowing r 1ght hl'.>ldcrs I<> fi sh the :t lloeatcd q u()tas in q uo;a manasemeut areas. ·n,c TAC is subdjvidcd behvcen these: nrcas and the stodz is thertforc mao,gcd as lf 1hc diffortut areas fr<>tl) which the l'ish art. lnnded a,:c eonstiwting d,ffCt'e'fll isolated popuJr11ions. Fish IMdcd fro1u outside these area~ docs nol COl))C off the 1' AC and J~gl11 holde!'S nre 1.hetcforc encouraged to do Cl'J)loratory lishing outside QM:\ 's. ' 1.9 O E E:P SE,\ IU'.-0 C ft.A.8 8efo1\: Independence, durin& ICSEAF 1iim:s 1his li shcry was not man3gcd. :md ;)fier ludt.:pendencc: up to 1995 the cffof1 was limited t<> lhree vessels. Prom 199S • l999 a k1:1gth•bascd oohort analysis ha\'C been used to ;»sess 1..he status of th<,: c~b ,esourc<: of Namibia. During 2000 • 2002 a modified Oe Lury modcJ has been inuoduccd and the cate,h and cffo:1 d:i.1a is lSCd in the model to nssc,SS 1he b1omnss Qf1he C:t:'lb, Deep sea c1~1b sto::k is. m addition 10 s.;;u.iug a TAC and allocatlnt quot:'IS. 1)~'1.oaged by setting a mimmum mesh si ic f 01• 1h.: pot~. As this is a $ 1ock sh:.'li:-ed w ilh A11gola joint research s1uvcys :i te conducted 10 assess the biomass cl' 1hc toial stock. 2.10 CAPE ftJR SKAL 17tc C;;'lpe fur seal fishery o n t h.:: Nal)libia coa.st goes back to I he I?'" ceotury when l!uropean and .'\m('rican scakrs hunted fo, seal~ for lhc- iur and fo1. M311.age1h(mt of the population in Namibia started by the Cl)d of the t911' ce111ury when coocession for hunting ,,..ere w:u11ed ::iud TACs were set from 1lte n11d-1970s. V3rious iuput t.l.ita ~els arc gcncra1cd, for Cx.'.lmple a pup count 1s done by photog;raphing the colooies from lhc air. estim31i11g e~rly pup mortality and monitorii\g pl•p growth. These data $CIS are fed into 3 model 10 produce a m:ommcndcd h:11wst level. A s~J Mnnasemcn1 Plan wtth a Ii i<: span ofdi.ree year. •,vns introduced io 199S. A closed season is iu effccl to reduce disrnrb:~nce of the Cape fur seas colonjes. IJarn:sting of bulls and pupS .iie a1lo::;ated but no forn)le (JltOtas arc given. 2.J 1 MULLETS Mnlle1s are bemg managed by efforl conlrol. A limited 11Umber of rights to harvest nmlle1 ii.I. the harbour :areas of Luclerilz and \V3Jvis 13::iy \l(e ;rwarJed. B-Jforc lndc~ndence mu11el fishing was not <:◊llttOlled~ 1.1? OTHF-R R~SOURCES 2.l2.I Anchov~ Anchovy used to be au importanl stock and l:ludiugs fiom 1970 to 1?80 ranked fo1lh after pilchard. hake and horse mackerel. Anchovy has been managed as a non•qll◊l;\ $pecies. Management n)c:ism'es ioclvde a c loscd season from S ep1embcr to Jsnu2r,-. A ,,chO\'Y come; as a b y-catch s 1,eci.es for I he purse-seine induStr>' larget.ing pilchard and bofSe mackerel. 2 .. 12.2 Sharks A Na1ioual Plan of ActfQn (NPOA) for lhc m-an:ascmenl -Of sb~rks ha.s b<:cn adopted in lioe will! FAO rcquircmen1s and g,1ideliocs. Sue.Ji l'\a1io1H1J Plans of Action must be c'.cvcto~d by all fishing nations 10 gu;de lbe tn.magcmcnt of sh:ifks; on ::t g,lobal basis. This 2c-liou shod d go a tong way in Pl'eVt1lliog 1he demise of sh:ark 1>01>ula6om worldwide by cutbfr,g overexpkitation and wast::ige of shill'K resources. The t::iue, Spccifkally ·Nith rcfe1'e11ce lo pulling a stop to 'fioniug•. a practice whcrcl)y d"tC fins of sJ,arks .ire removed and 1hccarc:isse.s dumped b3ck. in10 llte sea. ;?.12.3 Se:t birds AJ.1 }\l'J)OA for scabirds b;l.S been developed in (11':l.fi fonn to be implcmc111ed. The NPOA mnke.s provision for 1ht ru.'Ulagement of oceanic as well a.s seabird spccic.s bf~ding oo the o0:5horc isfands of N::unibi..'l, SpetiaJ protection is ti"eo to se.1b1rd brcedins coJoo.ies. and management me~l•J'tS to Jimit lhe by-catch of se:ib1r<1s ul lht long linini; indus11y. Na.mibi:1•~ M:irinc Rcso11rc,e,s Policy ?.12.-1 KlngkUp, dcutex. l)(Jllid1'., 1 a .... :. am.I ,)1,,at~~ (• l~. These species a re lauded as by-c:mh in lishcnes targcli1lg T AC sp::c.its. "f11e 1evc1 of by-catc.11 of 1J1eses sp~cics U) TAC and quo1,1-rtgul:ned species is kcpl in check by clmging a Jcvy on ll1e b)'•C:uch of some of dwse s1,ccies (e.g.. kingklip) lh:tt :ue !{1ud,:;d with Lhe targel species. Additionally closed an~;i.s Mei scar sck-ctivity are implen,e1ncd 10 keep by-<.:.ateh levels ()(th~ species down. These le.vie.-. are c1wrged 1<> discourage targcung of b)"-C-J !<;h s.pccics and are .set :n 1;'1tCS I ha, do noi euc(luJ:.'1:&C 1.:irgcting but also docs 001 cocou!'!lgc operators to dul)ll) 1hc1><; species. ln -,dditi<>n exploratory (expC'rimen131) opportunities .-.re c1eattd 10 encourage investors to develop commercial 1atge1cd fisheries based ou these species. l.J3 l,AR(;F, l'EI.AG!CS N11mibi~jt1in..:d dw ln1,:ru:..tio11/IJ f.ii\i,,s ,-r,mmunity in fish i,,e fo,• 1una. ;wordfo:h :ind pebgic sharks soon :·1ftec lrtdcpcndcncc: and as a ,es1.1J1 be<:amc zi member ()( I,ucn-ational Commission for' the Conse-rvution of Atl;01tic T\rna$ (ICCAT) m 1999. Naa:l~ibi:i is aeuvcly etllX)UJtlg.it1g iLS tuna industry to ,:;,e:ue ,tic caJ>:!city to be able to fish d~e quotas of tuna and swoidfish 31le<:8tcd to Namibi:1 by ICCAT. 2.14 YfARINE t\.l,GAR i\farine algae (seawc<:ds), Ill partic-Jlar two species of kelp ma)"-~ collected as beach cas1s from beaches.. l.imited conditio11,1J h~Netiio& of kelp beds to pr'ovide reed n:ateri.il for fonned :ibalone is allowed. 2.15 GUANO Guano is collected (scrnpcd) on k1taboe Jsl:u1d. ' Ille collection i,s conm11lc:d by a nght awarcted to a COl\lp:my and the ope~1ions 2rc su)jecl to c(lnditiOII.S, A dose monito1il)g of the scraping <1cti,•i1ics ensure thal distvrb:'!11cc of the seabir.ls is kepi 10 a minimum. The gusno is ckaued. pt◊OCS.5Cd anc. sold to the •·otganic food produclio11" industry as a for1iiiicr. l.L6 P.ROTECTlON OFTRE MARINI£. l£.NVlRONMENT The in1roduc1ion by ma.o of s11bs1ar,ccs or energy ioto the marine envit()nmcnt, dlrecdy ot iodircctly. that results io. deleterious effec1s 10 living rcsourci:s ;Ind marine li:~c; h;'IZ.'lfd to human he;'l\th; hindrance to marine activi1ies and 1mpainue111 of qualily for use of water n<:.(.'d to be pl'.CventOO. minirnizcd ~11d controlled, An,-.nlion shflulfl he given to prevtntlnc; d irect disposal of \1n11·eatcd d:mtCSliC :rnd industrial wtiS'IC, disch;'lt'f:C ha1.ardous and tOxi.MV:lStc substanct:S 1ha1 3rc non-biode.g,':ldab1c and bio-11c<:umulative. The main soucccs. of these pollulioo include sewage a11d ,vastc i'rom land-based induslries: dumpi1)g at sea: shipping through oil 1on.ker cl:aning procedures. Accidet1IS, oil $pills; and wa.sle from vessels. Household scw:igc and biotoglc:a· waste materfal from f'ishing ind)S-lrie$ (although dtis is nol considered t◊ pose a serious thr~l to n1arinc life), Dumping of sOlubli: w:istc containing toxic eh:n)eots 1hst czin resuh i1) 1hc disuibu!fon -Of barmful micr◊-po1Juta,us through the ecosystem. Spills of crude oil for' example. cont\l.n>U)~lc the immedj;He S;\irfacc layer. whi~ lighter relined QiJs ::ire more ea$ily dissoh·cd inco deeper parl.s of lht water column. l.11 :)tC3$ with cffshore oil'&3$ prospcCtin& or production. T>"posits of w;'lste cons1mction m.·ue6:-ils on the sea bonom hnYc seri◊l•Sly nnd lastingly h:impercd the COl)duc1 of fishing q NtMions. Such ac1ivi1ics 1hcrefore 1ecd tO be dose1y monitored, miojJlli?.00 and pre, •cnted. ~rherc .:.re policies and legisl:,.lion 1l13l arc applicablc·m the protecliOil or 1hc mariue co.vironment from l)OltUIIOll. N mnibi<I it; :s p~H)' lv .a U)lUt;.cr ..,r int.:m~ti<mc).1 C(>IW..,nuoo :;. pf(>IQCQ},; :lll'ld :agr-.+.u~ll~ $lll~h a$ MMine Polle)' (MARJ.>OJ.. 73/78) lb:11 deals with the preve1uion of marine f)()Uution. i-lowevci:, 1h u e w ill be :i need t'or ~n ;:i.pp ropr111t1: com prch :.m i1iv<.: CLw i1-01)tt)<;:11 t1 I p<>lic y 1(1 ,·es u lc tc and proh ib it w::.ste disposal. oil spills fr<> rn shipJ)ing, including 011 tanker d eaning. Md, if (ekvant, oil prospecunglproducoon procedun:s, Tilt1e is :ilso :i need for c1>-ordinalion and oo-operali,..e atr::inscmcnts IQ be cstabhshcd bc:wecn the different Govenuneut depJl1JnCnts (which ore responsible fo r the cuviromnent :.Hid U):)rioe :ic1ivitics), <:o:i.s1:i.l loc.al outhorilic$ and porl authori1jes iu ordet c f!Cctivcly eomrol and protect ournmriue e1wiromnen1. P:tge 11 - 3 DEVELOPJVJ.ENT OF THE MA RJNE RESOURCES SECTOR 3,1 1NTROOUC'TJON MMI of these development objectives would be b~:,:t servc-d by the .!ewlopmcm Qf :in intC8f:Hed fishery sector. These o bjccuvc:; fo1· <leveJOpiug this sector inc.ludc:erctuion Qf cmployntt:ot ~11(1 income. ensuring nn1ltiplier d fccts within the cconorny :is :i whole, 01,timising revenues l'mm profits of 1hc indttS:l•'Y, earning fordgn cx1.~hangc through -:xpc,rts ~ ud. impl'O\'C domestic tboj supplies, food Sf:<:t.iri1}' :md sdf-suffidcncy. The existing fleet :ind proocssing i n(1-:is10 1<:tul'( must be maintained and :'lj)propri;ltt: ly developed. Tb,.,. pruGJe o f proeeumg will l::its.:=ly b.: <l$1~n.u.in~, b)' mark..i.t 1.•xpec(u:i()n:: -0ud dcrnt:,)d, D vo} I<> th<: smaU lc,cal m:'!rket 1be Namibian manne rcsourc1.-s processing sector Co1Jti11uc to be export oriented, :ll)d cousequenlly will need 10 1n3int3irt its eompetitivcness., and re.sponsivcness: 10 eco11oinie. ltehnical and m!!rkct f:lcto1':.>. Tite sector will continuc 10 fitlly develop ;rnd 10 do v.ilue adding to prod,tcts of kuown couunercial res->ur~s. (hskc, pilch.ord. ho1~ m(lckt.-rd. monk. rod: lobster, crnb, o~n&e coughy. large pelagic, line fish, seals. se.iweed .in-d l,'Uano). By nlloc:11iil& CXJ)lo;a10ry 1igJ1lS other potcn1iol rcwurees CY-111 pOS:sibly be demonstrntcd to be comm<:icialty exploit.ible. Apart from Lhc de\'elopmcru o( new resources whkh Is deemed to be foi1Jy limited, 1.he real development po1cn1i:il foe the marine resources industry lies iu value adding to products, 1he devdQ(Hn1m1 of new products and lindmg new markets fof exi.stU1g aud new products. There i~ COtlSide~ble sc-ope for further investment in snp1>01t iud11sties in particular. processing technology. packaging, distribution :"!Od 01ark.eting network. The pm-ate and 1)t1blic secto; will continue to invcs1 in hum:i,t ce.sou:..-ces de\'clopmen1 so as 10 provide csSt:ntWI skills i n support of l\mhcr de.ve.topmeul o f the sector . .,., ;11v1~ U3y :i,l(t Lm:le l'11.i will cont1m:e to b e the two m:iJor c,cn11:es for proc.e:ssing. 3.2 ROLie OF flORE!GN ENTERl'RJSKS Government w ill continue I◊ COCC<\lr.'l&e foreign participation in the cxploj1::1tiOJt. pr()(;ts5ing, and marketing or m.itiue resourtts. Such participation c<:>uld i 11eJod,;: mu111all)' beocficia! Joint venture foml.ali<>o. chartering of vessels: sndman:.1gcme,1t eoo1ra.c1s. 3,2.1 Joint Ventures Joinl•venturc opcratioo.s betx~·een foreign and Namibian psrticipan1s g,.:oe,:i.lly present opportunilH.'S such as ful~ociu,g. capital in\'estm:m and lf:'!llSfol' of expertise and knowledge 10 1hc N3mibfan eou,,t,..rpart whillil -it provide the foNisu -O◊vnl\l.rp;ifl with ;,c.:oe:::: to the }fom ibfo,1 ii:;h N;)Ov ft'-0 . "n,1,; Minisuy h<:>wcve1• eo<:01,11<1ges and iu;.ists active psnicipatiOrt oftl,e N;).1):1i:iian oountell)an {s). GO\'C0:11l1~,u woul<l cocourage and promo1c :ic1ive par1ici1,~tion on lbe part of tlie local panncr in sll d isciplines of fishing, proccs.o:itt,g, 1-.:.1Jke1iJ1g ::i.od distribution as part of skills trn(lsfe1, These COi.lid include participation i,l prodt1<:t sale,: and equipment and services purch:i:i.JJg, 3.2.2 1\1::tnllgtment Cootnu:t.s :rnd Cbarcel'ing ()( Vess.els Gowmmcot wouJ<.I support chartcrbg of forcig,:i vessels as a toeans t◊ increase catching capacity of rigJ1t holders o~·er the short term £0 l'.l'IS\lct dra1 they fully ha.tvcst thdr qul)IS. 3,3 STATI<: PARTtCIPATlON .~,NO SUPPORT ~ol<; ,:,f the !:fat1,; ~nd t.h❖ form it. l."1k$ i/1, j)f011>0 l i11g t.l~c Jc•·c l vymcut ot l111: 11m1 im.· u:,:,om"\:1.=:; ~,c~or will to a large ex1cn1 depend O.n t b:eapacity and capnbility of th<: 11tiv:ue s eetor, wi1h or without J>ac,e I 1 ..., foteign panicipation nnd co,utibulio11s. io fu lfilling the s1il)lil:u eC development objectives or 1he sec.tor. To further 1hese objecLives. the State-would coo1iuue fo.cili1.1!ins the esu1hlishn1<: JU of S\1ppor1 mech:mis:ins 10 :'!ssisl .1nd ~nccurngc new Namibian t·ntrants. h oould :llSO opt for limi1ed direct J);).1;ticipation in th:: opcr.i1ioo:'!l 1X!t1S of the sector. 3.3. l Srnte f'a-.,4j(•jp11tjo11 The Governmcni will m:iii:U<'liu its position or rc1aioinz lO\V•key inn:,lvemenl in the opcration:il p:'.lr'IS of the scc101. lfowen:.r, any con1pnny in which the State has a diro::t interest would be expected to compete with other cQmpani.es 0:1 a nom1al commercial \):'!Sis. 3.3.2 State S i,pf)Orl Mtcbanisnts The Go\'cmmc,u will share infcrmation p:inicul::idy for new e.ntranls on. acce:;.s to 1«:hlli<:al ~d\'ice. :ic~C$$ w fiu.111~c ll1vrnugh 1hc N:unibfau Developm<:m Bank, a<1.-1ee Oil processiug. dislnbution, markets and devdopmc,n of hl•SJ1ess relations. The Co,•cmmcm s.hall m-i1intain lhe cunem m:magcmenl sySlet1.1 comprising of fishing righlS, setlilig annual 101:),l :."lllow·abk c-.atchcs and allocation of quotas to riglu holde-rs. The m:iio objeclive of exploi1:ation ri,glns and quota. S)'S\tm is 10 limil and control l'i$1 l i11g IO, t-e:S<>\11ce management purposes. In addition. lhe righis allocation system ha:- also betu used to promcte N.:imibianis:i1ioo of 1he sector. wbc(t,:is 1he quota and rcsc:arch lcvjes ;)re designed to increase Government iucomes from the exploitation of a natiooal mHurul,~ource. The Government buil1 i1uo 1he fee structure a rcb:ue S}'$tem 10 1>rovide iuceutivc-s for NiunlbianiSt11ion. :i.1 both oper3lional and ownership levels. G◊v,~tl)ol'2'11l will con~t:indy rc,,ic,w th~ q ~•<>I~ '"")-' ,:md n <bate- :.y::tc-rn nnd 1h<: v,;iriov:, Ns~1h1tory measures with a view 10 ,,1:tk.ing them more effective a,1d less complic:itOO to implemem, reducing unintended effects. and providi11g the p:inic-ip:uus iii tbt sector with sufficient s1:ibilit)' fol' 1beir J>l:.umi.ng and investment aclf\1i1ks. 3.4.I Right to bar',·esc Marioc H.e.sourccs :md AllocarlM of Quohis Under the new lcgisfo1jve fr:ime,.,.·ork, those companies di..'11 1.(11.I lisbing concessions before r,,depcodtnce were. required to tcap,,Jy fo , fishing righls. In terms or legislation. 1he Mini.Sier skill from lime to time announce a pel'iod dusiog which appl!e::ations may be m3(k for 1igbts t◊ harvest ior commcrci~I ~>tll'J)◊SeS ~ll)' marine resources. Wheo cousidering apphc-a1-ions., !he Goverw11-CJll tak~ info considentio-n the spp1icam's COnt))etence iu fishing and opernting Ut( vessel. 1.bc. extem to which Namibi:ius are or \Viii be iuvol\'cd. and inves1meo1 in lhe se<.:lor as well a." required ,1c,,eJopmeo1. 3.4.l txplorntory Rig1u to Han·es1 Ml1rioe nesourecs Goveroment wiJI continue to iss1c cxplora1ory ,.iglns wit.b a view to develop new fis.hcrics pfovided that the <:xploratory ha,ves1i1Jg docs no t ad\'ers.ely impact quota•cosurolled sveeies. 3.4.3 l'rOCl'SSi11g Plan IS The Gove11une111 should introduc.c new mc:isorcs 10 CJiC-Ou1\l&e fortJm investment in lond•bascd fi sh proc~sing with a view to i,1c({;:\l!Se employ1m:n1 and overall eaminss for Nsmibia. While increased Namibian p.-inici1>:)tio.o i.u the processing industry will he c1icoorat:e<l. joint \'Colm-es will also be welcomed. 3.4.4 Lc,·ics fo !he early se\'cnlics. ;a research Ice W:)S levied only ou J>ikha1d, anchovy, horse m:ickel'e l, kiog.klip. monk, sole and rock lobstcl'. SU:,ce 1992, aud with the introduc,ion ,;if ,,c,v lishiog rights m 1994~ a Na11libi:a'11 M11rin1; R,1;i,:01,1;r ccs Polley i>a~e i3 - >\lllfi,1c R~v u..1 ,:,::. fuml h;vy is (barged on 311 ns h spe<;ies for wh1c11 narvesllll& 1':lght:; are grnntcd. Th..:se fund levies may bt amc.ndcd by the Miuisltr wi!.h the. view t C) ui.:1king them more cffcc1i•,e. Money froiu the Marine Rcsouf<;-!S F'uod is utilised for 1he expenses of research, <1cvelo1>mt11l and ll':'lining related to marine resourc-:s. Manage me au :ind administration Qf fii1ld levies will be done ill c.onsultatfon wi1b lhe Minister rc:sr,onsiblc for finance. At lndepcndc1Jce, a quota levy W'lS cb,wged in respec1 of hake :it~d horse mackerel o,lly. LI;\·els of processiog for rebates will be defined clearly by l:'lt,-d p•'OC.t:ssiog. ·wih 1hc objective of s1imulating <m1ptoy01c111 in Namibi:1, This reb~te is nl:'l inly relt.:vaut for hake and other wet fish, since: for 1he small pelagic fish (pilchards and anchovies) tbere is no real nll<:tn;'ltive tol<and procc.ssing (<;3.uni.ng and rcducti(m), Jt ma)' be mo(c il))po:tant in lhc fonwe 10 stimulate whck fl'eetiog of h orse m::ickefel. which produces a 1))01e valuable product, lh;)n reduction to fi$h ,ue;)l and oil, rc.$.!iuUcss of wl1elher this is Jand-b:ise<I or not r f'Vl"'J~ of pr-o~u-mg t<> 1)4 <:l isib!c i"or rcba1e{I will be d<din.:d de~rly. TI1~ .wn i.11); or q u,>1a k\·i..::,: involn:s two dinefco1 dl!'Cisions, uc basic level of the quota levies. wh.it·h may be adjusted tuumally~ and die sys1cm o f rebat<.-s and .Sllfd);)tgt.s. which should be 0101-e p~\m1Jncm, though 3dj ustmcnis may be m :icle from I lmc 10 1 ime, f, or the p urposcs oit he rebate system, thtee <; .itegorics o (\•csscls ~ rt r«:ognised, "N:imibi~11 vessel, Na1nibfa1J,ba:,:ed vessel nnd foreign vessel ... This sys1em ,vii.I nol only make the expJoi1ers apply fo r the c1uotas ihnn they hope to actually Ctiteh, but also reduce the temJ)l;)ti<m to undcr-rc1,ofl C.'l tcl1es. Tite basic k\·cl of 1he (lu<>la levy v>ill b~ est:i.blisbed taking i1\IO ;)IX:ounl lhe value of 1he fish, but -also factors rc-gardi,>g e~tch mes, <:O$t sttuetures, and 1hc 1w0Ji1ability of t'is~ing 01)ct:i1ious. ln most cases, the b\i.Sic le"c1 will V3f>' belween 5 and IS j>er ceot of the first~h:i1td v(l.luc. Jn principle, an (I\JOl<'I• ceguJatcd lish sJ1011ld be 00\'Cred b!' a quot(l. ltvy Na in.lbia '$ M:1rine Rt>sourte:t l'(llic,y t 1 4 LEGAL FRAME\VORK ANO lTS JJ\1PLf.MENTATlON 4.1 LRGAL f'RAMtWOH.K A l (ndcpcndcncc. the Govenuntn• pl.'ocl:iimcrl -:a 200 nm zone. l!EZ. (Act N<> 3, 1990) in aocordanc:c with the Jm.wisions of tlle Unil1:d N:iiioos Convcmil)n on the Law of tJ1e Sea ◊l J9S2. In 1992. the N;:i.1uibiao P::stli:uncot cnnctcd tht· Sea !•)sh<:-ries J\Cl, (Act No.29 of U92). The Sea fishtrles Ac1 was repealed by the Marine RtsOlll\;o!S Ac1, (Aci No.27 01'2000). ' fhe Se:. f ishe6 es Act wali rcpcak d as a rcsuh of wme ;µps observed a:id esperieuced, i.1.lcluding, maturali•:m and dynamics of th-c fi shing industry o\·cr 1he U11plemt1na1ior, period. ·n,c Maflne ~csourt1:s r\CI re1aiitcd all essential clemenlS of the previous lcgislu!ion im:luding eo,1sefv~11ion of m:irine ccosysterr. and d,e responsible u1ilis-u1ion. C◊tl.Set\l.ltion. 1>l'Otcclion and promotion of the Natnibia11 marine resources on a sustairmble b:isis, The. obJecdve. of lllC' Marin1: Rc.:so\lJ(;i::I A ..:l i:. 1m,aU,:w.•U <1u d ,.,v,•c1~ ;.U Jo) ,)d"c biok,gic.:il rc.~o u,:c~:,.. io<:otporatc$ the S.c.abll'ds and Stals Pro1e<:1ion J\<:,. No.46 Qf 197:3: includ~ Nautibi.l's itlvolvcmcm alld pt1rtici11;)tion i1l i111cma1ionll and reg10nal fisheries ;i<;tivi1ics snd related math!rs. to et\S11rc compatibility a,1d consi:.ten<:)' ,vi1h the iniemational obligations. \Vhilc eosurins 1ha1 Namibia·:; i1)tctcst in rcte\lant are.as is adcq~ah:ly rcprcse,ucd and protected. Since lndeix11del)cc, 1hc Namibim fisheries l..:g;isl:,lioo. ptovidcd txisie ~'l!idelim.-.s on the foUowiog key issues: S11#(1in(1.ble ,111'1i.~01io11 of Mar.ne Resources.- To oudinc procedur.:s regardiug t).e ::,ip.plic:nion for fishing. rigbts aad aHoca1i<m of fie fishing c1uo1as. To, u 1 ou1 the pmxdurcs and cr.itena for licensing of fislung vessels and co111rol (1.~b ios efforts. Providing for Natoibi:1 10 c ,ucr into fisheries a,greemtnl with~ (Oembcr coumry otthe S<.1.1the-m African De,•elopmcm Comnn nily (SADC), Mm1agement nm! Ccm.~e1w 11io1. Me1,s11res: ·ro e,11powcr 1hc Minister of J!'i:s.beries tllJd M:irine Resources to take d1e oecessa.ry m~n3zcmcm measures, inclodiog se:tiug of Tol3l Allowable Catches (TAC), l imi1:ition of effort, fishing-gear specifications, 1notect ju\·eniJe fish du-out,h msn:iscmc:111 mc.asurcs :mllh as minimnm alfow3ble mesh .sn:e. grid .se\e<::1ivity d::\•icc:, mini.mum fisb sizes 10 b<: l:inded, restrictions ou by-c.i.tch, :looure of:ireas :ind fishing seasons md, 1t:ins -boLLndsry activities. Complhm<:1~ am1 Jfo/orceme111: 'ro s~cify 1hc p,owcf$ of cnl'orocme1:I officers. booornl')' en(orccmcnl off'ic.eri. iuclmJint: sto1>ping and boarding vessels, ~tcb and inspX,tion. hot pu.r$uit. seizure, :i,~d :il'l'cst. To provide for the est;)blj;hmc,)I of the Fisheries Observers Ageocy to collect scienufic d.1W 011 board Lhe lisl1il)g vessels, obscrv:, rec.ord, and repor·• on the fi:shing activities the,oof. Offe11ces <md PcMMes: Set offences and sp1.-cify the pt:nahi.es for vi()ln1ions of the Marine leg.isl:ujon. Ret.ulc,ory /)()Wtirs: To etupowcr the Minister to make regul:Hioos for rhe impkmcn1a1fon o f 1he AcL 4.2 i\'toNITOR1N6·1 CONTROJ,. A?'i..0 S l) RYELLLANC& Since the declaration of EEZ N:tmibfa has subscque.ndy developed 30 cffoeti\fe Monitoring COtJIJOl aod Sur~•cill:u1cc ( MCS) system. To :.woid pfc ln(lependcncc phmleriug of m3rinc rcsooroc:s. the Ministry will regufalc 1bc msrinc sector through res.1ric1ing fi shing xth1ity 10 those entidcd, e;isuring thm lishing activity is cond11c1d within lcsal nnd adntinistr.itive g1 ideli.1)es :md ensure thal 1evem..1e from laodi1)gs is eo1Tcc.t1y cakufated. Leg.islali◊n alon-e ca11noi :ichic\fe the above objectives, wi1hou1 MCS resources. Juitially 1he ~fomibi:ln MCS system was OOscd on 1be -0pet:itio11 of fishe-rics Patrol \'essels.. ;)\(ct:i.lls ond vehicles. The prtstnct of lbc sea s111'\·ci1111.nce Reel will dete< i11c&3I fishing activities by lo<:3) :lnd fo reign llshing vessels. 11,c Govemment ,v ilJ ,oooitor :ind control the 1.500 km co.'ls-llinc AH I anding points w ill nloo be ,uanitarcd 011d .cootrolli!<l . Fiehi.1i{:. ::AC.livitici, :u ,;c::i will b,: mooitorl.'d. N:i.mlbla' s Ma.rinc Rc.so1.1r~i:11 l'l)licy Page 1 5 • • N:'lmibi~ .,,,ill 1:upple.n-0nl i~ MCS c-:ip:ibililic:, wi1h lb<: F'i;,,hcric., Oh!<.:........:r Ag,c,h,J IV .Huv1d~· fisheries ,obsc1VCT coverage on brorrl each licen:sed fishing ves:.c:cl. Obset\'Cr$ will b<.' pr~m o,t vessels licensed to tish in the Narnibi.'ln and intem:uiomil \W!(C'f&. N:i.mibi;) will introduce :i n:;ujonal ~ tellitc - based Vessel Monilonng Sys1cm (VMS}. TI,e VMS will pro\•1dc:. b cnclia.,;; fo r (isheries man;gcmc,u i o I he fom1 of i mproved r<-:11 c i111e monitonng o fvcssel movcmcn1 :'!Od \lclivitics. The sySh?1\) will further sssis1 iti c~•rb:ng, Ulcgal, Unreponed ,rnd Unrcg~•lated (IUU} fish ing ac1ivi1i\S within and ou1:5idc 1be EllZ by N~mibt:in n::igged \'ess.:ls. The lntroduction of 1hc VMS will enable r\:imibi:i to oomply wi1h rcquircm~ntS by iJ1tcmationol fishc,·ies management 01g::i.uisa1ions to which NMlibia is a contracting p:irty . Namibi..'l 'S Muine Resources 'Policy r 5 GENERAL PR1NC11'LES, OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES 5.1 PRINCIPLES }:amlbl11 is committed to observu:ag d1t priuciple of optiJllum snstain:iblc yidd in the cxploitatioo of marine resources, m accordanct with the Namibiau Coustiwtioo. The Go\•crnmcnt is thcrdbre obliged 10 promote :i.11d rc1i-ol:m fcsp,onsiblc nnd sustainable development and t'lKnwge1,),!0I of all h:11vcs1ing activii-ics that tar&>el m1rine resources. I. The GO\•crnmcnl ls cormmucd to ~spou.sible fisheries :u1d will ensure 1hat it conducts the planuiog, ,oanageme111 a11d devclo1m1cm oft he marine fisheries sector i u accordance w i1h imcrnational b~l pr.ictll~. :?. ()on:111111c11l :.It.i ll cm,1,u,; lhul <1 II Oag•.)la le <obl.ig,\l\011$ ;i,..:. , ,mplkd wi1h by v.:..:<:iecb fi)'mi;. tlW N:nnibi~u U;ig, ,;,•hcftct operating in Namibian waters. intem.ational ,~terS or w;'!IC.fS of other sovcrei~rn .stale$. 3, Preferences will be gi:cn to Namibian citi~•lS :111d tQ ventures that arc. beneficially cottll'Olled by Namil)i:n ci1i1.cns to b<:m: fit froin th,: utilisation of l'J;)O)ibi:i•s m:irinc resources. •1. The Govcmmc-nt shall consider .i:,>endtr issues fo lly :oid sh:i.11 ensure :in equitable in"oh·ement of wcnnen i,1 tJle m:irinc resources $ector. 5. ·me precautionary ~pproo.cb to fisheries fl):).1lasemcntsha1l be applied as appropriate. 6. There shall be brood partieipatioo ofNiuuibi;'IOS in the m:irir.e resources sec1or an-d acct$S to reso,u'(:CS sh:ill be on ::in :quitable basis. 7. The marine resllU(Ces se::t(){ shall be sclf-sus.toinmg and ,viii not bc supp<>tlOO tlltOll&'l put>llc sector subsidi1.-s. s . .2 OVERAJ.I. ORJEcnvr The 1min objective for the: mari11c resources sector is 10 otilisc the eountry's lishcries rtsources on~ sustaiuabte basis .-ind 10 dcvclor, responsible industries based on diem i1, :i w:iy that ensures their lasting contribution to I.be c-Ot111tt')"s ccMomy and overall development objecli:ves. ;'IS dc1;1i!cd in VISlON 20.>0 and Na1ional J)evdopm~nt Plaos. s.3 $1Tu\Tl'.GIF.S • Maintaining an appropmle kgislalive, inslilution:il :ind :idnfr11sirative framework: • Co,1sc1v:ition and rcspon;ible ma.nagem.:ut of uiatine (CS<)urces : • Suppon for domestic Clt•:.bing, processing aod m:uk(til)g; and • E11han.ccd p:iniciparion for N-ainibfons i.n a.ll aspec1s of 1hc mrrinc resources se<itor. 5.4 lN'fERl"l"ATlONAJ✓ FRAMEWORK Nam.ibfo has sig1,cd up to a number of iut~m.1liot1al f,shcdcs conventions, agroe-menl:s. tuid anangements. includiJ)f!, the follcwing: AgT«:m.:,n fo 1 dt,.; lmvkim:m:u ivn vf 1h1; P-ronsions onhe UN C01)vt1;t;on on lhc Law OI me Sc:1 of JO December 1982 fel:'!tlng to the Consen•atfon an<I M<111a.gemc-nt or Fish Stocks and l lighly Migrato,y Fish Stocks (more c-0mmo1.1ly koow11 as lhe ··uN Fi$h S1ocks ~reem::.nC): • FAO Agrecmcni 10 Pf(lmote Compliance with lruematioua! Consc-rvt11ion and ).•fanagcment Measures by Fish.ing V(ssds on the High Sea.s (more eomnion.ly known as the .. Com1>li~ncc Agrccmeut")~ • lntcrniitional Conumssie+n fo( d:ie Conser\'atton of /\11:uuic Tunas (ICCAT); • Co1>veulion on the Conl):rv:-uiou of A11tarctic i\.hrine :iod Li\ing Resources. (CCA.\ilLR): • FAO Code of Conduct l\)r Resp.:ms1blc h shcncs; nnd • S AOC Region.ii Protoed on Fish-enes. Text:; of n II C(">n~rv(ltioo .lnd ,r .i,,,~~eui,.;111111 c~ tm.:.-. a ,tvpt~d um.le· any t mcm:u fonaJ a groenl<:"-Ol IQ which Namibia is a p:my :u-e published m the Govt!nummt Cazcuc, :utd 1h1.1S such measures arc 1be11 deemed to h:i\'C le~I force as prrscribed uudc-r the Manne Resources Acl (.to.cl no. 27 of2000). The imp1cmen1:11ion of ihL'> Policy for lht Marine R<:$QUt«s S«101 shall be guided by lhe rdennt ru·o\•isioos of the region:il iiud imcmational lll$l111n)en1s co wh.ich Nal"lli))fa is .'I p.-arl)'. P:.1ge 18 6 STRATEGIES FOR THE ~'fARINE RESOURCES SECTOR 6.f T..F.GJST .ATIVR~ INSTlTUTIONAL AND AOMlNISTRATlVE FRAMEWORK 6.J. I Comn.mnicncion within the nrnrinc rt'S<Ju.rcts s:eccor • Establish effoc1ive ch;·11u1eb of co1)l@1oi(;:uion l)c1wccn all marhe resouroe :m1keboldets. • The primary co11sul1mive <;.\;111uel \\•id1 th(; m:u i11c resources sector on policy matters rel,11fog I◊ tbc oi..an:iticmem of 1hc fisheries resources (setting of ·rAC's -e1c) will I)<: through lhc Marine kcsourcel> Adt•iS<>t'y C<n111eil :is p,c-r Marine Resources Act~ 2000. • The p1imary co,,sult,uivc <:h:rnncl with the- marin;!. resources sector rda1i.ng I◊ reson,oe use, mctustry ctcveJopmcnl and <.'<:◊11(m1ic i:;.'.:;li<:s Will be 1Jw<)u£,h 1hc fishing 1n<1ustf)' Associadoos. • Encourage the rurlher devdopm<:ul :.\ud S.lfeog1hcning. of Fishirg .Industry Associations w ;1s 10 1Hoviclc a greater ransc of scr\1iccs lo their memb~rs. • 6m.:0\1;;1ge 1hc establishment of worklng rclationi:bips <1r,d alli:n1oe between Fishing 1ndustry Associations and the Na01ibit1 N:nioo:;il Ch:lmbcr of Commcroc and Industry (NCC(}, • Fucilitaic regular dissemiJUtiOu of i 11fo1'1n:11ion o n matters rckvant to lhe m arim: rt..~u;;ccs sector throush u dedicn1cd ncwsltHer and the Ministty's ,.,eb sit!. • Esrnblish working groups oompnsing. represe111a1i,·es from privuc sector fi shing inlerests and Go"erumtot bodies 10 focili1a1c cos.1 e fl'ec-tive collabor.ufon in iishe,ies 1eso1l1'ce research and management. 6.1.2 l':U'lir1pat1on in m1cr-(iovcrnmcoULI rt111nagtmen1 org:io{tarion~ and arran:;cmems • N:imibin will participate folly in the developmem ,of intcmo1·onal customary law <and will mcorporale intem.itiooal best 1w1c-1icc imo its. polky. l•.\cgisl:ltiV'(:, 1))31l3gemcnt snd administrative ammg~mtmt;. • The d evclopmcnt of policy. I eg:.1I :i od m-:1 11:igcmcm measures s hall be w i1hi11 the N::imibi3n Co11.s1itution and take cognisan::,c. of im<>r ali(1. the L:iw of the Se3 Convention, FAO Code of Condm·t for IleSponsib)e Fisheries.; 1hc UN Fish Stocks Agn::ernenl :ind the FAO Compliance Agreement. • The texts of all cons.~n•;i1iot1 :i.od nta1l:'l(:Cmcn1 measures adoplcd under ,my in1c,ri:i tional agrt-tmt-ril 10 which Xamibia is a Party shall be ~zeued i(1 the ~;·atil)f'l:il Gazette. • F:l.cilirn1c lcg:il fi shing ach-..itics by the Namibi;m fi sliiug i11d11;t()' in intcmstional water:; ~•nd tile waters of Olber .slates IJ'.l'0\1gll Join, venture and other typc.s <.1fbl•~fo1:.:;$ :m;iui cmt:m. • Enfon.'>e Oag state respo1)t-ibili1ics over an vessels flying the X'a1)libiao Ong in respect to ,,a1ions1 fisheries lcgislatton as wel1 .is 11):)tl:',lgemcnt and cons.c;\'auou mea:surts faid down in intem;Hioua1 plans of :'!Clion, conventions and agr~en,eo1s f(:r 1hc con.,~cr,'tltion of marine resources to which Namjbi1 is :s 1>31'1)', • Entorce port slate 1C:SpOOf,ibili1ies over :ill vessels \•isiting NamibiM po11s :11ld im1>kmen1 11~s1.1res to 1:1kc kga1 ietion ab-ainsl vessels 1ha1 , enaasc in Illegal. Unr,e.ported aud Unrcgu1at(!d fishing, • <.:onuibute to I he d evdo1>1nc1)i o frcspons1blc fisheries w ilhiu 1be SADC Region under t he guidance of lhe SAIJC Pro~O<:OI 01) fishetics. • Support c(l'orts to build dcmestic fishillt ~,)d processing mduSlries wi1hiu the St\DC Region a1Hl promole gtl!:'!ler inna-reg1onal trade m fish :)Jl(.\, Gsb pl'OChtcR Pagt. 19 • Namnna will fu lly cooperait: ;viu1 regiou;il fisheries nwn:1gett\eill ◊(8:'l.l)l~'!tion I◊ wlllcl) Is a p::iny 10 ensure that the stocks under the j urisdic1ion of such regional fisheries m:,u;igeme1'! ◊l.'g:mi~1io11 are m:l11:iged ;l.ud h:ifvcsted snstain3ble. 6.LJ Gover nment fra mtwork for the m:1rioe n.~ourcc-.s set(Or • A11 approp, i:,,le Cratoewo1k sh.-ill be 11i.'l i lll:l i11ed so :lS r◊ facilitate im1>lcmen1.tition of the objectives, :iims and stratc-s,ics outlined abo'le for the marine resc,urc.es sec(or. • Admb1is11vrtl'o11: The Ministry of Fishcric.s and Man ne l{esoum:s sh;ill be respuusible for p1'◊lec1 iog, 0)1)1).iloting, C◊llU:Ol :uid s1u'\'Cill:i,1cc of all marine living resources within the 200 nm GE.Z. 1."hc Minis.try shall provide profe:.sionjJ. t'espo,~sive ;)u. .. 1 cus1onv:t•f0<::ussed SC1v iccs to the sector elncicn!ly and i:O'cctivd y. pro\1iding best value for money. • Pnn·i.fio11 of {ej!a/ fi'amewo~k: TJ-,e Go.·cmment will provide the necessary lei.ta1 frnmework for co,1.sctviJ1g, a.,)d exploiting m:ieloc fCSOl.lt'CCS, a,)d fot cm'iron1ncnt3I protection. • Q ua fl1y nu urtmt:~?: Hish lc.vcl of export oricmatfon of the N3nrbian marine resources sector underlines lhe importance of quality assuraoce. Ju co1~u11t1icn wi1h 01her inioiStries. dte Ministry of Fisheries 3nd >.brine Resources will assist to eruure proper supcrv1sion O\'C'r tishiug vessels. p1'0~ssi.og ::i.od l!-l'111dling facilities. as i'PPJ'C•J)ri:u e, lo ensure tl)ill high standards arc. set and m.aimaincd. • Creditfacilitie..t: The financing of the fishmg indusuy rctnams lhe r<::!-ponsibility of Lbe privale scct◊r through cxii.-1in,s fin:itci:il institu1io1ls. A policy of no1 pr(viding financial assis!3nee co tbc nuiJ-iJJe l'eS<>uroes sec101· tlnough S\•bsidjes :i.od 10.1u gu;)taJlltes will be l)):tiJU;)ioed by 1hc ministry. • Fis/,cri<:s statistics: ' fhe .Ministry of Fisheries and Marine l{~ u.rces will collect data and in li,1 ma1iuu 11cccs1>:.111 f(" ,csc::nch, n.1a~1:.13cmcm aml tlcvcl\•pmcnt am) di:;l)cminatc li.ir ~dminiSlr.'lti◊o purposes. Tb: &rrauting of rights of ,:;,,:ploi1zition. quota alloc~lion and ljcensing syscems will include the r.quiremenl th:it s13risrics required by the Go\'cmmcnl will be foJ'nisbed. • R<~w,rcli: The ~fo1is1t'y ◊i Fisheries <Htd Marine ReS◊l• t<:es will tmden.-ike fis.heries ::ind environmental research with the obj«li'les of providmg advice and information on all matters pcnaininsto 1hc potential .;,f 1hc \':i.l'ious t'eOOut'OC$, 1hcir sp:i1i:il and tcmpor:il distribmion, their ca1ch:i.biJiry, :lppropJfaic.oess of fishi.nt &ear ::i1,d vessels. :uxl fac.ili.1.-i1i11g a sys1em fol' the colh:.ction of data and other information. lndudcd in these ttsks will be the building of e3pahility for advising on .llld rccomrocmding 101:il allowable cuchcs for the v~rious stock.<;, :ln<I 01her 1oeasures 1ela1ed 10 fisbel.'y rcg\llatious, These setvices will req1,fre 1.he de\•etopu1eut of the necessary competence of scientific and tcc.hnkal staff as well as maintaining modem an:ily1ic:1I and rcsc:ir<:h cquiprtw:n1, includin& (esc:itch vessels. • Cn:,ss-sc,~wr(1! m11ucr~·: 11lc M i1)iStt)' ◊f Fishcdes :11ld Mari11c Reoo1.1tc-cs Sh.311 CI\Sori::: 1h:i1 the policfos and strategics applied for the- marine resources sector are hannonised with and complement I hose 3pplied to lhe inl3nd fisheries resources sec-to, and the :iqoscu.hure sector. 6.2 CONSF.RVATION ANI) RT::SPONsmr .. F. MANAGEMRNT OF MARJNR RESOURCES 6.1.1 <;onsnvalion of $(()Ck$ • ;\•laimain andlor rebuild the biomass of each marine resource to levels where-they c3n each suppQrl l◊og•1erm sus1ajnab!i: yields. • T:iking (ull :lCC◊UO l of lhC ,?CQS)'SICl\l ;l.J)pf◊:tCh 10 lisbeties, de,,el◊J) :'II.Id i(llple-ment t.ishcry rn:a.n;,g,.-m,:nt plan,:. au<l w:,ich wit! <lct,:rmmc, in111r o/ia~ tt>f,.-r,:nce poi.nti;, m:a.n,;ig,: ,w:,nt .stratc.gics and research prior.lies for major commercial resources. • OcvcJop 11.nd implement mtional plans ofat.LiOt• in sup1>◊11 of the various FAO intcmation.aJ pla,,s of :i.c.1ioo, .-cl:uin.g to. 111,~r alla, sea birds. JUU fishing. fohing c.-1pacity :iud shad:s. • Exercise sovcrcisn risJ1Ls of Namibia over the. Exclusive l!conlGnic Zcnit, • C◊t1ti1)ue 10 oonuol lishing c.fforl lhrough the existing s:;s,em o( rights., lotal a JJow~l)lc catches, quotas, effort restric1ious. . spMi:d aod temporal c l(,surcs :md other managemcnl ll\e'ISUfC:--$. • Allow stocks to be cxploied on a .susLainable basis. .'lpplyi.11& tht p(e(:au1;onary aJ>prooc-h as .ippropr;ate. iJl geuer.d btl,)w dt111 estima1cd to give maximum :<.ustaimablc yields. • Pr01e,c1 juvenile (ish 1hto1J8h manascmcm measures such as mlnimum allowable mesh sizcs. minimum allowable fish sr/.es, closed areas aod seaS◊J.'IS :,11d setc1ivit)' de,•iees. • ensure the responsible J<.:v<.: Jopm<.:m of r..:c;u:011io.nal lishi113 and i111µlt: mt:-11l ~pµ,vy,h1lc ma,)agemc-m measures I<, conserve and protect inshore sp::cics. in patl.icufat k3beljoo, sleenbr.\ss. blackl:lil, g:lljo;-11 3l1d sl)3ck, • Develop ,md impleu1-enl )J) ecosystem-wide approach to fi sheries management, inc;Juding muhi-s1ock management ,..here research reveals stock inlerdepeudence, :md iJJcludin& shared a.ud SIJ\lddliJ>g SIOCkS.. • 1mp1tm<:nl mau,igemeo1 i:>C.'ISUtCS 10 protcc-1 marine fish stocks and fisheries from possible negative effects of other a«ivities imp..icllug ◊.l.'J the se3 ◊f the s~ab(:d. • lmpkment managc~ul n:easures l0 redl1ce iJ1<:ide:.i:i131 by-catch species in all fisheries. • Maintain an appropriate oianagemtnl a11d :ldJJ\iojst.-acivc framework for the marine resources scetOt th3t is enieicnt, tra!!spnrcnt and re.,;ponsive to the sec;tor's oeeds. • fa,~11rc a hish level of compliance with fish<:-ries manat>.Cmen1 :md control u,eas1.1rcs 1hrough a system of monitoring 0011trol t1nd sutveilla.ooc includil)g s:itellite~bascd vessd monitoring sys1cms. • Implement measures to constrain marine pollution. 6.3 Su:PPORT FOR OOMl;STIC CATCHING, PROCESSING AND MARKET1J<G 6.3.1 Development of natioltil t:atching aod prot:t:ssiog c:tpllbili(y • Government will oonsolidite and furllier <level◊J) ~foll:iibfa•s e-"fieien1 and eompdiliYe marine rtS◊tirc-es seciot boll) nati(,nall>• and intemstionally withou1 the assis1auoe of St:lte subsidies. Of\5lVC ili:it ,;,)1,:;h ins C.!ip ... ,ity i.~ k❖pt below the pot,;mtinl o f lht :ttocka fmd, if tC'l\l~(c<.I, 1nilir.c foreil,,'Tl fishing vessels th.rougb business aJT;).ogem(ntS with N:rnihinn right holders. • Incentives for s hore-bast:J processing sb ;'Ill bt (ll :1i1uained 1hrough -n system or preferential levies aod rebate$ so as to maximise cmploymcnl opportunili~ for Nrunibfr1ns, • lm1~lcmcnt mc:isures lo reJuce adverse impaclS be~ween lishl•)t ge:its. • En$Ure. the responsible Jevclopmeol uf recre:lt.i0n,1l lisb.i,ig a1td implement appropriate mamigtmen1 11\easuces t() oonscrve and protect inshore species, in par1icular k.:ibeljou, s1cenbras:s, bl:lc.kl.ail, galjcx:n and shark. • Eneour:ige modernisation of the fisl;ing. b,'ludling , l)(ocessing and marketing in funhering Namibi.i.'s- p0si1jo.o M 3.z:cs1>ec1ed fis.h•producing nation. • Ptovirle market inform:nic,n rc~ardinit vriccs. trends and c;o1lsl0lt:r reQuiremetH.S, Namibfa•s Marine. R~sourtcs Polk!- • J~cogni~~ !he $J)~Cific r1o!,;1& and ccan(lmj,c 3Cruclur~: of th-c fil!h iog io)(hJ.$tl"y iu ~cgau.l Iv .seuins ,-::ires for u.se of porl faeili1ics. • Support and eucoura.ge Clc fishing in-dus1ty in efforts 10 mi1i&31c the effecLs of HIV/AIDS. • Eneouns.e \11'.l.d fucilitate lhe fish•pr◊cmi.og set-.tor the sane :is ;l..OY other value-added or •»;)J)ufacturing sc,c.tor, in 1;cg.-.1-ds 10 i.ucomc tax irteen1ives. • F.01br.lce c.:rcdiblc m:iri:et-based strategies th31 arc l~onsisteut ·.v1th intcm3tions1 trode wk:s that ..:ncouragc respons ible fisheries prac1ices. 6.J.2 lntcg1·atio1.1 of tbt. 1mri11e resoor'Cts sector ioto 1he 1>:1.tlowa1 ec.onomy • Encourage invcsuncnt i11 fishmg, pr<>ccssiog .iucl anc'illary indus1ties Sl•<:h as: boat building and l'Cp3i.rs. fishing gcu m:i,1ufocture and r~pairs, fish baudling 3nd $10rngc el)Uipmcot. pU1r:,-:.. . in2 " 'l11ipm~•U. p)...-k:aging m:u.:-rii:1lt :1.,,d 01.her input~ for 1hc P"<>C.C~i.og ind1.utri.::1 , :..~ well as a di;;tribl1tjou aud marketing networks. • 'fake full acco\lfll of the regional dc\felopm..:01 pcrspecllvcs of N'aroibia's Region:il Co,1ociJs.. as sc1 follb in the Natitual Develop Plan, when sc-uing de,·dopment goals a1\d prioritl~ for die Sector. • Facililate a ncl prom◊IC treat er honzonml :;1}(1 v erli<:al integratiQn or <:01»panies engaged in fisheries ai1d 1.be marine ,esources sector and the aquacul!ure $eCtor. 6.3.3 Contribution to Natlooai Income • Create C◊nditions lhal ,,. ,a, inctease 1hc contribution of the m~1fo.e resources sector t() oatiou<d iocome by encouraging teit1ve.stmen1 within N:m.\ibfa , • R nc:c'mrnet-. v~ln~:ultk.-;I Jlto)Co/'l}11 i•1g o f fit h . • Fotther support the development of higb ,•a.hie products fo r domestic. regional sn,d intcmario11,.1l ntarkt1s. • Establish Ct:1ndi1io1.1S to idc:.mil)' :i.,1d promote the dc.,...elop1ne1)t of uew Namibia-btaoded pmcl11c1s, including the utc of under.i.itiliscd species, a.1)d .icce..s oew markcis, • Mai1)[ai1\ aud further Cfl·1:!11ce the high quality rc1mtn1ioo (If Namibian fish dirough wide adoption of quality ;}SSu:aoce systems sucb. .\$ the Hazard • :ilysjs Cri1ical Control Poiot (HAC' •• CP) prio.ciples. 6.3.4 E(lt1.auced food security • Promote doooes1jc fish coommpliOtl by eocouragmg lhe fisb.iut and fish proc:cs.si,)& i.udu.strits to jucreasc lhc narion:11 supply nf fish~~ a h.-:1.h.hy (,:iod of higli nulriti()n:"ll v :)lvq. • Seek to inctease lish con.,•lm1;1tion through progrnm,.nes d1a1 promote and supply fish. • SupJ)OJC distribution and l'..l3(ketiog network$ in collaboralion with the private sector. 6.3.S Cooperation wltb Foreign lntrtest.s • Cooperate wilJl foreign U,tertsls on a mum::illy l)e-J)e fi.ci.lJ basis. • P,ovide an enabli.n& eo.,·iroomcnt to encour:ige forci&'ll in:c.rcsts 10 .Uwest and bring ii) expertise lO forlJicr de,...e.lcp the sector. principally through joiJJI \1t 11ttlfes. • Monitor a 11d as:sess the perfom1ance of joiut ventures a 11d other forms or C()()J)er:1rio1) with foteign p:u1ners and give ptiority to those tlm SUPJ)Orl the Namibianis:itioo of dte industry. Nantibi.-a ' s M:11ti11c Rc$OUrC(;f Poll<'.y 6.4 ENHANC£() PARTI.CI PATION FOR NAMIBIANS 6.4. J Na 11ri.l)ianist1tion • Promote employment and income get1et;)1ion opponunities t'cc Namibians frorn CisJ1ing. llsh processing and m:wkc1ing, commensurate with susrn.inability of1he marine resources. • En<:Ollt';ige 111i!ization oi marine resources by Namibian \'C!SC1s and properly trained ,·md equipped ere,\\. mid the pr,,cessing of1he ca1ch wilhin Namibia • AJ!oc:ite new fishing righ1s. when ca.lled for by the Minister. in accordance with those cri1c!ri::t and 0011sideratiot1s laid down in the-fisheries legislation. • l~n~ourage Naniibianisati(,n of the fishing and processing se<:t<:l'S., :i.s well :.l$ suppo11 indus1ries 1hr<il•,Ch a ~)•~1rn1 .-if' r rrf'"m111h) lt'.Vii>:;. :u\d reh111es. • Require invC$tors to provKfe for 1rainillg, lfansfcr of knowledge, and safely in the work pi.ice, as w~II as cre:ui,lg employment opportunities for Namibians 101he folles.1 extent possibk. • l'rovide guidance 10 new entran1s on acc1:ssing advice in re~rd to fis.hing, processing:, and marke1ing. • Ell<:Ol•tage righ1 holders I·) continue to be invoh•ed in w'llue a1ding and mari<e1ing, of ma,·inc resourcc.s. • Constantly assess pn.,g;~ss in N;:imibi~nisation of 1he se(tor through N;;ioiibfan share• ownership iu <:omp.\rlics and capilal assets. tmploymem ..lt a I level$, mana;erial control of eomp:i.nics, !llld in·•olvtment in fish ing, proocssing and marke1·ng operatio,,s. • E1\Surc soci(Hconomic benefils acc"'i"& through marine resour<·e ut.ilisa1ion are widely d istributed 10 1he people of Namibia 1hrough ,·1 system ofle:\•ies and foes to lhc State by ng,J1t holders, 6.-1.2 Human resource d(.,·tl01)1lltnl • Help build national capac I)' necessary 1hr the continuOO devebpanent of the marine r<.-sources sector thCOl.l!!,h fo rmal c.-du:ation ,uKI training of Namibians., bo:h within Namibia aod abroad. • Facilitate 01Hhc-job•1mining o f Namibians on board fishing vessels aud in lish processing pi-ants. • Promote, cm:-Ourage a11<1 fucilitatc mnmng in :mpporl o:· tcscnrch, management. tmd developmeni of 1hc Sector, taking full .lcoount of 1;>01h pu:>lic and pri\l.l1C s«tor hum:m resource rcquirl!ments.