National Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives

Waste policy FINAL curves fmltNlll,, nt ■--➔ Clfftll'e Mlnlllry vf EnvlNlll-11\. EhlllY -­ <ltll ,.. ,J llln C-pi., •-,.....,. ,..~ I C IE IMlldlw. 111, ....-m■IS Fam...OIDSIS!I em.tblDlll11911R.....,,., ,,, t Its: lllfWlltA&IRftW JUIIIIIHI byUnltal Nalllllw DNl!lop-nt ...... anw (UMIP) c..t., ! Ahnled5al•m 5onlonEMn NIRAS Conlllllanls HudlwAhmed Ahmed Saleem GiardonEweB Juan Gcllm AlllnldMLrltlau ~n.lpend~ Am .. 11111 Nlleysha 1511N -~ Table of Contents ■ ACIINOWUDGEMDl'l'5 o MINSTERS~RD o STEPS IN lHE PREPAIIAJ'ION OF THE POUCY lnltlal lleseudl ldentfficatlon of Key Issues and options Conaultation Work&h0P6 Consult.nlon of the drafts a IIUa"IONAL SOUD WASTE MANAGEMENT VISION AND 'IMGETS OUrVlslon Our lllf111'1s Prlm,ry 111,pU Secondary taraeta • MllONAL SOIJ.D WASTE MANAGEMENT POUCY Dellnltlans Prlndplea Sb abip. Princlples Solld Wa~ Menapment Govemance Prfnctple& o llSIMUIIHING AND ACllVATINCI WASTE MANAl!ilEMENTGDVEIINAHCE l'OUt:r .1 - 60IIEIWANU S11IUCnJllE ,tM St:IUD WoUJE MAii- 2 7llflllJ IIIHIO( W.IU OISlJINll/l'l! aEAlNr .lJWE!U'IO lflOUJ AND IIESPONSllltllT FOIi SOUD IM4mMANAGtNDITAT~ ~AIVDMDCW41.Ulltl.SWJU BEESrAlllllSHED S1'MTEGY 1,1 • Establlsh the fcllowlns wmm man•ilfi"e,,t admlnistnrtiam, 4 5 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 lD 10 11 l1 13 14 dekgab. powers and mandate fun ell ens 14 S1MTEGY 1.2 • support ttie devetopment of 1he capacity of waste admlnis11'attoris 14 o CUATING WASlc PIIODUO:RS" DUTIES 15 POUCY:l• ALL 1111151F,-nruKM5 Ntllll'A DU1'I m WNJlil/ll THE IMS1& THIN~ 15 STMT'£G\f 2.1. Go\lemmentApndes wtll parll,lp;te In the development of wa• manall,f,l'llent plans 15 STMl'EG'f 2.2 • lndMdulas and householders wlll p;,r11clpate In the drllelopment of Island wate man111Mtent plans 15 Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives STRATEGY 2.3 - Commercial Enterprises will participate in the development sector- based waste management plans 15 STRATEGY 2.4 - Product manufacturers, importers and retailers will participate in the development of the development of sector based management plans 16 • ESTABLISHING THE WASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE 17 POUC'I 3 - WAST.cS WIJ.L BE MANAGED AND DISPOSED AS CWSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE PlACE OF THEIR GENERATION 17 STRATEGY 3.1- Construct Island Waste Management Centres on all inhabited islands with a population of one thousand 17 STRATEGY 3.2 - Develop and construct Regional Waste Management Facilities STRATEGY 3.3 - Explore the future of the existing landfill facilities 17 STRATEGY 3.4 - Provide sorting infrastructure and equipment at island regional level to support the reclamation of recyclable materials from the waste stream and develop a national recycling strategy which will guide the development of a National recycling industry 17 POUCY 4 - THE WASTE M NAGEMENT SYSTEM WJM.. ACCOMMODATE THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF PEDAL WASTES 17 STRATEGY 4.1- The producers of hazardous wastes, MARPOL wastes and WEE retain primary responsibility for safe collection, handling and disposal of the wastes they generate 18 STRATEGY 4.2 - The producers of health care and related wastes retain primary responsibility for safe collection, handling and disposal of the wastes they generate 18 STRATEGY 4.3 - Develop guidelines for the re-use and recycling of construction and building wastes 18 POLICY 5 - WASTE MANAG"EMENT PLANNING WILL BE BASED ON VERIFIABtE FACT. A P KNOWN · FFECTIVE STRATEGIES 18 STRATEGY 5.1- Develop a database that generates information about the types and quantities of wastes, and provides details of their transport, treatment and final disposal location 18 STRATEGY 5.2 - Develop operational policies requiring Islands Waste Administrations, waste transporters, specified waste producers and waste management facilities to supply information to the database 18 • ACTIVATING THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 19 POLICY 6 - THE ~ M NAGEMENT SVSTEM WILL BE F1 NC/ALLY lA LE 19 STRATEGY 6.1- Establish a user pays system 19 STRATEGY 6.2 - Establish a framework for Extended Producer Responsibility 19 STRATEGY 6.3 - Establish a dedicated fund to support waste management initiatives 19 Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives POUCY 1 · CONSQLIDA-TED LEGtSLAT10N W1U. E INTRODUCED AND SUPPORTED SY STTlD G ENFORCEMENT ACTION 19 STRATEGY 7.1- Review current legislative mandates for waste management in the Maldives 19 STRATEGY 7.2 - Review commitments made by the Government of the Republic of Maldives to International Conventions, Protocols and obligations 20 POLJCY 8 - RJVATE SECTOR 'ARTIClPATION (PS P) Wll.L BE FACIUTATED WHERE. IT I FINANCI LLV VI Bl.£ FOR 0TH THE GOVERN WT ANO TH PRIVATE SECT/JR 20 STRATEGY 8.1- Identify of the types of businesses that the private sector could become involved with 20 STRATEGY 8.2 - Develop and establish the forms of Private Sector Participation to be employed 20 • INFLUENCING CONSUMER CHOICES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 21 PDUCY - FINANCJAt INCENTIVES AND DISfNC£NTIVE5 WIU BE PUR.liJED TO SUPPORT GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRAmt,;ES 21 STRATEGY 9.1- Implement the polluter pays principle to its fullest possible extent 21 STRATEGY 9.2 - Created incentives and disincentives through the import duties system 21 POUCY JO- G.ODDS THAT ARE HARMFUL TO THE ENVIRONMENT OR CAUSE PUS UC NUISANCE AND UNACCEPTABLE WAS1£ ACTIVmES Will BE DISCOURAGED 21 STRATEGY 10.1- Prohibit the importation and local manufacture of non-biodegradable plastic bags and develop the facility to ban further importation of other wastes 21 STRATEGY 10.2 - Prohibit activities such as dumping waste and littering and introduce a licensing system that prohibits certain activities 21 STRATEGY 10.3 - Create an inspectorate within the Central Waste Administration to advise and enforce legislative provisions 22 PO.LIO 11 - TH£ CDMMUN/1V PARTICIP. TION IN AND AWARENESS ABOUT GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Wfli BE EXAMINED 22 STRATEGY 11.1- Develop and deliver a national waste awareness program at National, sectoral and community level 22 STRATEGY 11.2 - Develop and deliver a community waste management awareness and training programs 22 STRATEGY 11.3 - Develop and deliver national campaigns on safe handling, disposal and good waste management practice for special wastes 22 4 Acknowledgements The National Solid Waste Management Policy is the product of the tireless efforts of a dedicated technical team that comprised a National Policy Coordinator, International and local consultants, a Project Review Committee, the National Solid Waste Technical Committee, stakeholders in the private and public sectors as well as the staff of the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water as represented by the Environment Research Centre. The framework for the National Solid Waste Management Policy was developed with the assistance of the United Nations Development Programme that funded the 2004- "Identification of Existing Barriers to the Provision of Effective Solid Waste Management Services within the Maldives" report. We gratefully recognize this contribution of the UNDP, who in addition to funding the consultancy component of the Policy development also provided much appreciated support to the Project Review Committee through the Policy preparation. The Minister of Environment, Energy and Water, Hon. Mr. Ahmed Abdullah and the National Solid Waste Technical Committee, chaired by the Deputy Minister of Environment, Energy and Water, Hon. Mr. Abdullahi Majeed, representing the public sector agencies on all waste management issues provided the technical team with valuable and much appreciated guidance and direction on many aspects of the Policy development. The staff of the Environment Research Centre also went beyond the call of duty in organizing and servicing meetings and in facilitating consultations and site visits throughout the archipelago over the year. The National Solid Waste Management Policy has been prepared to reflect the current status of solid waste management in Maldives, the results of research, and the initiatives that are already in the process of being implemented. For this we must thank all stakeholders from the private and public sectors, and from island communities who participate in the development of the Policy concepts and/ or who provided much appreciated and valued feedback during consultation. Their engagement was genuinely felt to be positive and injected enormous confidence into the process. Their contribution was significant, and one that helped greatly in the shaping of the vision, policy objectives and strategies. Ministers Foreword lthae bee110\'el'threeyears,1nee Ille 'Barriffl Report" onw.-manaeementwas released.The A!flClt Is the tlrit IQ reqntse the need for a consollda!Ed .and standalone Nallanal Solid wast,, Manaeen,ent Polley for the Maldlvts. The poUey document Itself has1111oen more- dlan a year to develop and r,theculmlnatlonof a number of activities lntftesector undertab!n overthepastlB monlfls by the Etwiron~t Research Centre on behalf of the MiniSl:,y of Environment, Enercv andw:ate. I am ple;i$11d to note ttl'1 durtns the development of ttie Pdlr.ydocument, a ~mauc pn,cess of a>llettin1 infu1motion, resun:h 411d cumultation was undm:a!Am involvina not only GQ\l'emmenl, but also c:ommunl\y and private sect11r Stlilbholdel'$. The vision of Iha PQlfcl 15 therefate, a true and aa:unrte reflection of wflllt we In the Maldlwes wants to achieve with retipeci to-1emallll,l8ment ln tne Maldlw$. The Polley obJectlvllnr9broad ranalns. as they must belf weara toreallsaour shared Vision.and deal with many dlvene asptds of waste manap,ment from gowernaneethrouah awareness and and behmour. Many of the Stratesles pf'Ol)06ed to dellverthe PolleyObjecllw!iwtll requlra us all to rethink, notonfl'on present behaviour, but also aur perception that all sharetfleresponslblllty tor waste man111111ment. tt laclearthls responllfbllltV 81Ctendsto those who manut.aure, Import and retatl products lll wel as those who consume these products mast of whim are ultlmately discarded as waste. We must also lnculcatll newwaysand behavfourtnroua,i Wlllchwecan reuse same ofthewaste for useful purposes. This Polley and relau!<I prcv,ammes alms to re due~ reiae and recycle waste au key element. The National Sol1cl waste Management Polley ls aslgnffk:antstep In the rw,t direction and 111ere Is stlll mudl to do ln the mmlna years. Guided by 1'11!sldent Maumaon Abdul Gayoom's oc,ntinued leadet"ahip and commitment 10 environmental pl'C>1l!ction and stl.lblinable development, It~ a prlortty of the Government m develop a gllod waste management system 1hrou&h pl'D'lidi~& policy, participetiClftandcoordinalion Thol!Objectivu oftllis Pol',cy and priority can be achieved ttirough cur c::olledlve commitment and partfclpallon. 1he Vldon for waste mani!,iement·applies to ell people and a:immunilies, GC¥ernment, institution,, and industrial and cximmerclal enterprt5115 lntheC01.1ntry. A(c,ordln9lr, all sedl01$<:M1rthe comln9years wlll ba 1e1ulred to partlclf),111! and cuntribu!e to the development and lmplementatlan f the waste menapmem;pollde, andstraUlifas. I am confident that the robust and meawred debate, emhuslasm and commitment In dl!llll!lopln,sthls palll:y durl~the con~ltatlon process wlll carryforward b>the Implementation su,ps.1 would lll!&to 8ICPl1l6$ mydeep,ratltude to the n,speal\O& Mlnlstrfes and Depenments, DonorsandA&encles, NGOscommunltyand -vone forthelrcontrlbutlontothls task. $pedal- 6 Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives STEPS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE POLICY The National Solid Waste Management Policy has been developed after an intensive process of research, reflection and consultation. Initial Research Initial research on the current situation on solid waste management practices was conducted, based on a literature review and site visits involving consultative meetings with the key stakeholders in waste management and an appraisal of the current practices and infrastructure. Identification of key issues and options From the findings of the initial research, site visits and stakeholder consultations, an issues and options paper was prepared. The issues and options paper took the current initiatives into account and highlighted the deficiencies and areas of weakness in the current waste management system. The Issues and Options paper proposed a logical philosophical structure for the policy which would include policy statements and strategies to address the issues ordered in the following five principal objectives areas: • establishing and activating waste management governance; • creating waste producers' duties; • establishing the waste management infrastructure; • activating the waste management system; and • influencing consumer choices and waste management practices. Consultation Workshops National consultation on the issues and options was conducted, to identify the most workable and acceptable ways to take the policy forward in the Maldives. The consultation included the major government and industry stakeholders as well as the island communities. Workshops were held in Male, Kulhuduffushi, M. Muli and S. Hithaddoo. The consultation produced lively discussions about the issues and options and showed positive support for improving the solid waste management system. The consultation endorsed the general principles proposed in the Issues and Options paper. The workshops also advanced some new ideas about how the policy should be taken forward and brought some existing concepts into sharper focus Consultation on the drafts A preliminary draft of the Policy based on the above methodology was prepared for review and comment with all stakeholders who had participated in concept preparation and consultation. The comments of the Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives NATIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT VISION AND TARGETS This Solid Waste Management Polley has been developed by the Government In consultation with the community as a shared National vision. It applies to all people and to all community, government, Institutions, Industrial and commercial activities undertaken in the Maldives. This po/fey will be applied as a means of protecting the environment and improving living conditions in the Maldives. Our Vision We recognize that a national approach to waste management in the Maldives has been lacking. The lack of a national approach has resulted in inequity in governance and resources both in terms of capacity and infrastructure. We recognize that there has been a lack of leadership for waste management in the Maldives and that this has resulted from an absence of clearly defined roles and responsibilities for waste management, not just at National level but also at regional, atoll and island level. We also recognize that there has not been adequate provision given to waste awareness, incentives to encourage positive waste management behavior and enforcement of punitive measures to dissuade negative waste management behavior. Our vision for the future is to build on the initiatives already in place and methodically advance the development and implementation of additional initiatives that will ensure greater equity in access to waste management infrastructure and stronger administrative capacity across the Maldives. We will prioritize initiatives that will reduce the rate at which wastes are being produced by encouraging waste recycling, reuse and influencing consumer preferences. For the waste that we continue to produce we will ensure that waste disposal options selected are those which provide the maximum environmental, economic and social benefit to our communities. Our community will become aware and actively engaged in good waste management practices by participating in waste awareness programs and in waste management planning processes at island, atoll, regional and national level. We will all begin to take responsibility for the waste we produce which may include changing our behavior in ways that will help reduce waste or by contributing towards the cost of maintaining waste management systems that ensure the wastes we produce are collected, transported and disposed of in an appropriate manner. Our first steps will be to create the basic framework and build our administrative capacity. Our administrative and regulatory framework will be structured with clear roles and responsibilities. Robust private sector participation in the delivery of waste services will be supported within this framework by establishing transparent and accountable bidding and operational arrangements. Our medium term goals are to implement information and awareness programs to help our communities to understand, appreciate and take responsibility for the waste we produce. Our longer-term goals are to build a system of strong and efficient waste management infrastructure, to fully fund waste management services and to move waste management forward in the Maldives with strong private sector participation. Ourtaf'lilftll We are adoplll\f lafll!IS for waslr reductlar1, ll!lt'/dl111 alld recowrv to ensure procress Is made mward 1cMevtn1 ourwlon. The primary targets set out the major goals. Sec.ond1ry br'l'l!b Kt out lnmfm and support!'-! me&8'1NIS, or aellons whleh relltll ta particular staloeholdeJ't Of w.m Sll'eams. Secondary tarwett, are ln1'!nded to facilitate a fle,cJbk! appn,act, In ttte mies the GO\Semment, community and pr!llate !ledllrtal:eln 11!11Chl1111theprtm1rytarl'!t, Pl'lmaryta,aeb The esttmabld quantity of fiOlld wastes generated In our011.W11ry wll lncn,ue by "°"IM!rthe nllXtS ,ani trom 248,000tonna In '1fX11 to 124,000 tannas In 2012. e,,, 2012 ourtaipt Is to redur:e the 2012 ,-.... by 2S"lttrouih recyc:ll111, reuse and 1~enclrcCC11!1Umerprefen,nces. SllcClndarytaqieta • Develop a natlonal wmte aware,e,ssprov,,m and dl!llverat least 5 wuteinnreneucampalsns at Nationai aectoral and community !M. The campaTens l'ttl lndude me55aps about redua, , N!WI~ recydln,. eoo11waae IIIAIIO,ll!!Mntp111etlce111d Pffi!Ul!l!r~ponllblllllei:. • Conatructlllandwestemanasement centres and pl'Olllde~qu""1entthatwtllenablecommunltles to jllOCela and malllljle reusable and ~abl• waste mmriets on ell ISllnds wlttl • populatlon Pftlerltian·lDOO persons. • 9°" of all Inhabited hlands to hlM! d<M!ioped Ill and wmte m111111en11ent plans ...tilth wtll lndudo! l'nformatlon on how Island <:ommunlll• propo.s. ta opem& end manaae the ISlend ~ management cemres and equipment u, proaw and manaae N!U.Uble and recyclable mata!als they produce; • All.Alxlllsand at IHst 10t1M1mtnent Mlnlstri8s tohav&dll"'11opad Wasta M■l\llgjlmant Plans that wlll lni:ilde Information on how they propose to reduce, reuse and recycle ltte wastes they produce, • 80!6 of all haalm care fadllllas to adhllra to l'Mllmum standard, t'cr health case waste manaaen,ent. • ~top an incom•basedapproaehtollational NIC\'din,thatwill 811c:ouragearaaterprM1tuector pertlclpatlon )I reclalml11111111Jar recyclable componelltl afthe household and commen:f al waste strearns. • Establish a ~orkfor Emnded Prod,arResponslbltlty where manufllcturens,lmporters and mwlers are requln!dto 11Upportproduct mum, collectlon and recowrv systems or ottierproduct stewlrdahlplJl'Olll"llmll. Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives NATIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY DEl=INITION For the purposes of th is policy- 'Waste' means any substance orthingthat is no longer of use, irrespective of value, and a holder discards or ilntends to discard from industrial, commercial, domestic, individual and/or community activity. A waste can be solid, liquid or gaseous. 'Commercial waste' means waste from premises used wholly or mainly for the purposes of a trade or business or for the purposes of sport, recreation, education or entertainment but does not include household, agricultural or industrial waste. 'Industrial waste' 'Special wastes' includes waste produced or arising from manufacturing or industrial activities or processes. are wastes that should not be managed within the mainstream waste management system by virtue of the hazards they pose or the value they may contribute. Special waste may include but are not limited to the following: • Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment' (WEEE) - includes all waste goods that operate on electric power (including by battery). • 'Hazardous waste' - is defined in the Basel Convention. It includes corrosive, toxic, reactive, carcinogenic, infectious, irritant or otherwise harmful to health or to the environment, such as pesticides, herbicides, paints, medicines, oils, batteries and solvents. 'MARPOL waste' - means garbage from ships operating in marine waters both internationally and domestically as dealt with under Annex V and Amendment 73/78 of the MARPOL Convention. The Convention also covers harmful substances that may include garbage from ships. 'Health care and related waste' - is any waste from medical, nursing, dental, veterinary, pharmaceutical or other similar practices, treatment, care, teaching or research, which contains human or animal tissue, blood, bodily fluids, excretions, pharmaceutical products, or used swabs, dressings, syringes, needles or sharp objects and therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear isotopes. • 'Construction and building waste' - is the waste derived from construction and demolition, but does not include hazardous wastes such as asbestos or lead. Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives P INCIPLES The following principles create the underlying logical and philosophical structure of the policy. They also represent universally accepted practices in waste management. Strategic Principles: • Polluter pays prlncipl - means that polluters should bear the full costs of any measures required to protect the environment as a result of their actions. In waste management terms, this means that waste generators should pay the full costs of providing services to manage their wastes. The polluter pays principle can be applied through (i) user pays services, where the waste generator pays for the services used to collect, transport, treat and dispose of wastes produced or through (ii) extended producer responsibility where manufactures, packers, importers and retailers are required to establish and support product return, collection and recovery systems or other product steward ship programs. • Integrated solid ast management - No single approach is capable of solving the mounting waste crisis due to the diversity of waste stream components, the disparities in available capital and infrastructure, and the wide variety of, geographical and demographic conditions in the Maldives. Integrated solid waste management requires consideration be given to a number of alternative waste disposal methods that, if combined and operated in a complementary manner, can work in a way that best meets local needs. • Wast managEment hien:rrchy - The hierarchy indicates the relative priority of different methods of managing waste, and provides instruction to waste management policy and planning initiatives on how to progress towards more sustainable waste management practices. The first priority for more sustainable waste management is waste reduction. Some wastes may be avoided completely, while in other cases they can be minimised. After reduction comes reuse, that is putting objects back into use so that entry into the waste stream is delayed or avoided. The third level of the waste hierarchy is recycling, which means reprocessing materials back into new raw materials and products. Energy recovery means to gain value from waste products by converting them into energy. The major method used is incineration with energy recovery (EfW), although other technologies are available. Waste disposal comes at the bottom of the hierarchy and is the least desirable waste management option. The priority for waste disposal is to ensure that it is carried out to a high standard of environmental performance to make it as sustainable as possible. • 8° Prrtcti~ I Env r n en 10 ·o (8 EO} - BPEO entails a systematic and balanced assessment of a range of different waste disposal options, in order to identify the option which provides the maximum environmental, economic and social benefits. A BPEO analysis involves a process of identifying viable scenarios for waste management, followed by a process of performance assessing against a number of decision criteria such as environment, feasibility and cost, in order to determine which scenario is the Best Practical Environmental Option. • Best A aila le Technolo y Not E, ta lin EJccessi Costs (BATNEECJ - is a principle used to judge the selection of a technology which is considered to be the best at preventing pollution, whilst at the same time being reasonable to implement in financial terms. BATNEEC is typically applied once the BPEO has been determined; for example in choosing which of a range of possible pollution control technologies should be installed at a waste facility. NoffOll4f5olld-MGnoga111111l'Olle,/ortM~o/Molll/,tf • Eqltity-waste management lntA!rwntlons hiM the potential to lrnpactposltl\lely or ne«at!11tly on .society at a local and natlanal lellel and can n!SUltln different wtnnerund lose,s. TheSoclal Equity prlnclple Ii used to PUii" theflllmess In the distribution of mm and benefits, and the applltatlon crttena and decl8lon-makl111 processeslmispecl!veof ceosraphlclocatlon.19nder, age tm. • IP,ICiilflwll)t,itlctl/il , WM!!! will be disposed of or otherwiae mana~ as clede aa possible to tlle &eC)ll'llphlclacatlonwhere ltlspnxlUCl!d. • /lrlwm!Sl!!t:tr# Feat~ · wlll be maximised whenM!!"thls ll flnandallyfeaslble fur both the G0"8mment and the p11wte $tctol; as a mechanism to dellver s11&1a!nable Wiste 5etvloes and to introduce prMll1!stctorfinanansi11to the waste manaeemer1t~m. Salldw.tl!MaPlllll!mentGavernaneePltnc~ • ~ •will be transpatellt and bas,ed on ¥erifiable infcmlation, taking into ac:count short~rm and lcn1 termlmpadsontheenvlrarimentand a,mmunlty. • lnttlltuflonalju,tdlllt9 • where possible, the Ga11emment wtll aS1Wme the role of facllltlrlor and edmlnlSlmof of the waRl8 men88!'fflent sys1«n al'ld wtll mll\lmlse 115 role as service provld« In favour of die pfMIU!sectc!'u~kinatllis function. e ..... ~- Ottd Omlnll A~ · will be- alloc.ated roles within thl' wa~ managementsyltemtomaxlmfsr,symmefflcll!nc.yandtofadlltatethemablllsatlonoftheenlll'I! comm11nltyln S011nd~ ma"'pment. • 1',6a.,.e.w.ailf., . iilt-r• Gowrnment aaancre, w!II 1e1 as role models to die Nnlon for sound~managementpnsctices, • ~ -everywasteadmlnlstnrllon will havl'thl'&11p1dtytodlschllraelts resporulbllltles. • aa.-•• ~lflllllll!fflHt • wlll be- an lntqral part of the dedslon-makl111 processes and of th!! lmplemellt.alfan ofthewasie managernefltsysleffl. • 1'i n Wty - wlfl be •-1'.Pd 10 -ble communlll•~ to dllll'elop ltlelr own op!lmel WHW managementsolUUonswlthln1heWlllltAI managementsysleffl, • lnolnctt• -~•will be applied toinllueneew,111te manasemerit behlWiour. Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives ESTABLISHING AND ACTIVATING WASTE MANAGEMENT GOVERNANCE POLICY 1 - ESTABLISH A GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WHICH WILL DISTRIBUTE CLEARLY DELINEATED ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT ISLAND, REGION AND NATIONAL LEVELS WILL BE ESTABLISHED Currently roles and responslbl/ltles for leadership In waste management are spilt across a number of Government Ministries at the National level. As the standards, expectations and approaches differ between the Ministries mandated with roles and respanslbllltles for waste management there Is little opportunity to develop a coordinated approach which tokes account of responsibilities that may lie at regional and community level. To reverse this, the Government of Maldives will consolidate the roles and responsibilities for waste management at the National level and some governance functions will be allocated to levels closer to the community In order to maximise opportunities to engage the community about responsibility for the management of wastes they produce. Waste service delivery will also be separated from the planning and coordination functions of government In order to open up opportunities for private sector involvement and to focus government on facilitating and supporting waste management services. STRATEGY 1- Establish the following waste management administrations, delegate powers and mandate functions to administer the waste management systems: • The Central Waste Administration-the Central Waste Administration will plan, regulate, co-ordinate and monitor the national waste management system, administer nationally­ based waste management programs (such as for hazardous wastes, product stewardship etc), administer complex private sector participation, provide advice, guidance and capacity development assistance to the other levels of Government to enable them to perform their functions, and create an inspectorate to advise on and enforce the law. • Island Waste Administration - each Island Waste Administration will be responsible for developing island based waste management plans, implementing operational policies and guidelines and complying with regulations. They will administer local arrangements for waste collection, Island Waste Management Centre operations, fee collection, simple private sector participation and co-ordinating waste transfer activities with the Atoll Administration, Regional Waste Administration and/or private sector contractor. • Regional/Atoll Waste Administration - where a regional waste catchment area has been created, the Regional/Atoll Waste Administration will be responsible for developing regional waste management plans, implementing operational policies and guidelines and Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives complying with legislation of the Central Waste Administration. The regional Atoll waste administration will coordinate with the Island Waste Administrations and the atoll authorities within its catchment and administer arrangements for the operation of the regional Waste Management Facility. STRATEGY 1.2 • Support the development of the capacity of waste administrations, so that they have the capacity to perform their functions under this Policy, through training, the preparation of operational policies and guidelines and by providing, where feasible to do so, financial assistance.: CREATING WASTE PRODUCERS' DUTIES OLICY 2 ALL WASTE PRODUCERS HAVE A DUTY TO MANAGE THE WASTES THEY GENERATE Poor waste management practice is an Issue for the entire Maldivian community because It can have an Impact on health, environment and economic we/I-being. Individuals, Government Agencies and their Institutions, commercial and Industrial enterprises, communities and organizations have a responslbillty for the waste they generate and a duty to manage those wastes In accordance with agreed plans, operational policies and strategies. STR :rEGY 2.1 Government Agencies will participate in the development of waste management plans that will include information on how they propose to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes and/or how they propose to dispose of waste that they produce. These Agencies will set an example to the rest of the Maldives for excellence in the management of the wastes they produce. ST :rEGY 2.2. Individuals and householders will participate in the development of island waste management plans which will include information on how island communities propose to operate and manage Island Waste Management Centres and equipment, and how they propose to manage the reusable and recyclable wastes materials they produce. Individuals and householders will, as far as possible, contribute to the costs of providing the services used to collect, transport, treat and dispose of the wastes they generate. STRATEGV 2.l • Commercial enterprises will participate in the development of sector based waste management plans which will include information on how they propose to reduce, reuse and recycle waste materials they produce. Commercial enterprises will pay the full costs of providing the services used to collect, transport, treat and dispose of wastes they generate. HadtJmll So/id 111m ML,c;c :.t!!t Alll'q, /Ill' !fie ~ llf Maldh>u S11IA9:GY t.4- Produc.t manuf'actuters, Importers and n,tallers will partldpa~ In the dewlopment of secmr based waste manaiement plans whlc:h wlll Include lrrlormatlan an haw they P")posetx>l'9duce, l'IKIMI and nu;yde-1e ""'9rtal$ t~prodlJCII. They wfl peythe ~I ClOSISof provtdlngUlu&mca usedtD collect, tranaporr. treat and dfsposeofwastesthey (ll!ne11te. They will also participate In !XIJ!ndl!d pn,duczr n!SP.IJ!l!lblllty Pf"0111111fflS 1o support product return, an·d remvery syst,,ms, produtt sll!willrd ship sdtemes,, and/ ar minimisation/ phase out .schemes of pn:,dUCIS/pa~nsthatgeneme wali1>? of that can notetl\,alve!ybe~,rec:ycled om111sed. National Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives ESTABLISHING THE WASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE OLJCY 3 - WASTES WILL BE MANAGED AND DISPOSED AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE PLACE OF THEIR GENERATION. The development of Island Waste Management Centres and Regional Waste Management Facllltles are the keystones of the waste management system In the Maldives. They both enable wastes to be managed and disposed as close as possible to the place of their generation. They will apply the waste management hierarchy by making it possible to segregate wastes and minimise the quantities that leave the island for final disposal. The polluter pays principle will ensure that they w/11 be financially viable. ST :r£GY 3.1- Construct Island Waste Management Centres on all inhabited islands with a population of 1000 or more and ensure, as far as practicable, that the centres are equipped to enable the island communities to reuse and recycle the wastes they produce. For islands with populations less than 1000, provide equipment and protocols appropriate for the management of the waste volumes produced. V .2 - Develop and construct Regional Waste Management Facilities. The sites will be selected after consideration of environmental and social impacts. The most appropriate waste storage, processing and/or disposal technology solution will be selected using the Best Practical Environmental Option approach. Regional Waste Management Facilities will include facilities for the management and disposal of special wastes as appropriate. Explore the future of the existing landfill facilities including arrangements and responsibilities for remediation, closure or upgrade. Provide sorting infrastructure and equipment at island regional level to support the reclamation of recyclable materials from the waste stream and develop a national recycling strategy which will guide the development of a National recycling industry. OUCY 4 - THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WILLACCOMMODATETHE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIAL WASTES. Currently Maldives lacks systems and procedures for the management and disposal of special wastes. For some special waste categories, pre treatment by the producer may enable the waste to enter the mainstream transport and disposal system, in other cases, pre treatment to a standard that will enable the waste to enter the mainstream waste system may not be possible. In such cases specific arrangement will need to be put in place to allow for the safe handling and disposal of such wastes. National Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives STRATE Y 4.J - The producers of hazardous wastes, MARPOL wastes and WEEE retain primary responsibility for the safe collection, handling and disposal of the wastes they generate. The Central Waste Administration will develop a system for the management and disposal of hazardous wastes, MARPOL wastes and WEEE, assist and facilitate these wastes' producers to develop and implement operational policies, guidelines and standard operating procedures, and explore the feasibility of engaging private sector participation in the delivery of waste management services for such wastes. ATEGY - The producers of health care and related wastes retain primary responsibility for the safe collection, handling and disposal of the wastes they generate. The Central Waste Administration will assist and facilitate health care waste producers to develop and implement operational policies, guidelines and standard operating procedures for health care and related wastes, including those wastes which cannot enter in to the mainstream waste system. STRATEGY 4.J - Develop guidelines for the reuse and recycling of construction and building wastes. tJLIC ~ WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING WILL BE BASED ON VERIFIABLE FACTS AND KNOWN EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES. /"formation enables transparency and accountability and enables the waste administrations to make strategic decisions based on verifiable facts. Gathering Information about the quantities and types of wastes generated in the country is critical to future waste management planning and review. It is also on effective means to track the movement of waste to ensure that it Is managed and disposed of properly. JiGV .J - Develop a database that generates information about the types and quantities of wastes, and provides details of their transport, treatment and final disposal location. The information from the database will be used to monitor progress towards achieving waste reduction targets and to review and set future waste-related targets. Information from the data base will be made publicly available. At-GV 5.2 - Develop operational policies requiring Islands Waste Administrations, waste transporters, specified waste producers and waste management facilities to supply information to the database. Government agencies, commercial and industrial enterprises, islands and the private sector waste service providers will be encouraged to access the data when developing waste management plans or making decisions about waste management National Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives ACTIVATING THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OLJCY 6- THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WILL BE FINANCIALLY VIABLE. The waste management system should not suffer from financial Incapacity as this w/11 compromise Its ability to manage wastes effectively. Taking into account equity and capacity to pay issues, the polluter pays principle will be activated to secure the financial vlabll/ty of the system. This wlll also create the conditions for the entry of the private sector Into the delivery of waste management services. r£GY .1- Establish a user pays system where waste producers will pay for the total cost (including a government contribution) for the services used to collect, transport, treat and dispose of wastes generated. The cost to manage household, municipal, industrial, commercial and institutional waste will be calculated taking into account the true cost of providing the waste services and the capacity of the waste generators to pay. STRM"EGV .z - Establish a framework for Extended Producer Responsibility where manufacturers, importers and retailers are required to support product return, collection and recovery systems or other product stewardship programs. STRA'rEGY .3 - Establish a dedicated fund to support waste management initiatives. The fund will enable contributions to be made under extended producer responsibility programs as well as from import taxes imposed on products and materials which when become waste can not be reclaimed or are hazardous. OU 7 - CONSOLIDATED LEGISLATION WILL BE INTRODUCES TO SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS POLICY legislation is necessary to give legal effect to the po/Icy and to provide clarity, consistency and transparency within a comprehensive body of Jaws. Participants of the consultative process consistently requested this legislation to be strong. STRATEGY 7.1- Review current legislative mandates for waste management in the Maldives and develop consolidated legislation that will support the implementation of the National Solid Waste Management Policy, including facilitating private sector participation, ensuring transparent decision-making, and enabling regulatory enforcement. IIUHSI 1..2 • Ae-.lfew cammltmeflts made by me GDWmment of dte R.epubltc of Maldives to lntematlonal Conventions, Pll:>toallsand obll&atlonsralatlngtosolld wwtemanagement and, where required, dl!W!lop enabltna medtanlsm so that 1hey.have l~I fora, In till' MaldMS. POLIC't'8 • PRIIM1t SEC10R PAll11CIM110N (PSPI WILL BE ..-OLmlt'm WHERE IT IS FINMlaAUY VIABLE FOR IIOIM11EGOVUNWNT AND11E PIIM\J'ESECl'Olt 6fttofa Jmldr, tinMftfofdJe~W'l:Or'lnwm:tlmm: CiftrMOtwl/lfl'JW•GIIEbud.,iCUandatfl8.a)fflHt ~ 1'NlptfWtltM11NJ"'6lfle~f/O~odtlldonlll«Hlmudt:t1tedlld/ftlmltolM -.sir -Df Em>'l'lf l)ellleffl. For PSP tDbet!/f«Jlw, It mwt be wr,11 plrzMl!II, ll'Mlllllll!'dand arllnln.!dl!ml f.lwu;cu,nlfJt.. 51'111iRGY11.1 • ldemlfy1hl' types of buslne'5e$ mat me prlvate ser:!Or could become tnYOlwed With and el'KlOUl'lljp!d prM112ser:1¥lrpanl'dpat1on In pnw!dln,wastemanagement seNla:sthatare nl)Ql"8ryandwhere lheqtsopportunttyto Cl'lllltllvlableend profttsble bust-. mwEGY La · Dorllelop and ~bllsh lhefolm$of Prlllll1II SIICU!r Partk:Jpallon to be ~ployed, end ltle pn,c:edures and adm1ni!ltrative u11111sement, neeessary to implement participation of theprlvat2 sectorlnwas1emana,ementlntheMaldlves. Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives INFLUENCING CONSUMER CHOICES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OUCY 9 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES AND DISINCENTIVES WILL BE PURSUED TO SUPPORT GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Fiscal Incentives and disincentives are extremely effective as a means to discourage the purchase of goods of significant waste concern and to reverse poor waste management behaviour irEGY 9.1 - The polluter pays principle will be applied as far as practicable as a direct cost on waste producers through the user pays systems and on manufacturers, importers and retailers through the extended producer responsibility initiatives and product stewardship schemes. The polluter pays principle will be introduced in order to encourage waste reduction across all sectors of Maldivian society. STRATEGY 9.l Created incentives and disincentives through the import duties system. The dedicated waste management fund will target revenues from import taxes imposed on products and materials which, when they become waste, can not be reclaimed or are hazardous. OL CV 10 • GOODS THAT ARE HARMFUL TO THE ENVIRONMENT OR CAUSE PUBLIC NUISANCES AND UNACCEPTABLE WASTE ACl'IVITIES WILL BE DISCOURAGED Certain goods are harmful to human health and the environment or cause a public nuisance because when they become waste they cannot be safely reused, recycled or disposed of. The importation of these goods should be discouraged. Certain activities also harmful to human health and the environment or cause a public nuisance. These activities should be discouraged. JEGY 10.1 · Prohibit the importation of non-biodegradable plastic bags and develop the facility to ban further importation of other wastes for which there is little or no opportunity to recover or recycle. EGV 10.2 - Prohibit activities such as dumping waste and littering and introduce a licensing system that prohibits certain activities such as collecting, transporting and disposing of special wastes except under license. Notional Solid Waste Management Policy for the Republic of Maldives STRATE Y 10.3 - Create an inspectorate within the Central Waste Administration to advise and enforce legislative provisions relating to the import of prohibited goods and unacceptable waste activities. OUCY 11 - THE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN AND AWARENESS ABOUT GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WILL BE MAXIMISED Awareness raising is central to the success of the waste management system. All waste producers must appreciate the negative Impact of poor waste practices and the benefits of good waste management practices. Awareness mobilises the community, enhances voluntary compliance and community engagement within the system. STR :rEGY 11,1 - Develop a National Waste Awareness Program targeting the community, formal and informal education sectors, the media, commercial and industrial enterprises and Government agencies. The Awareness Program will include messages about reduce, reuse, recycle good waste management practice, consumer preferences and producer responsibility fort he wastes they produce. iT£GY 1L2 - Develop and deliver waste awareness and training campaigns that engage and inform the community, formal and informal education sectors, the media, commercial and industrial enterprises and Government agencies about the waste management system and good waste management practices for the wastes they produce. irEGY 11.3 - Deliver national campaigns to engage and inform the community and special waste producers about safe handling and good waste management practice for the treatment and disposal of special wastes.