Decree No. 20/93 ratifying the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change

tff 34 M- I 9991F 8 fJ 23 B MINISTÉRIO DOS NEGÓCIOS ESTRANGEIROS Decreto n.º 20/93 de 21 de Junho Nos termos da alínea c) do n.º 1 do artigo 200.º da Constitui­ ção, o Governo decreta o seguinte: Artigo único. É aprovada, para ratificação, a Convenção Qua­ dro sobre Alterações Climáticas, adoptada em 9 de Maio de 1992 pelo Comité Intergovernamental de Negociação instituído pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas e aberta à assinatura em 4 de Junho de 1992 na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, cujo texto original em inglês e a respectiva tradução para português seguem em anexo ao pre­ sente decreto. Visto e aprovado em Conselho de Ministros de 15 de Abril de 1993. - Aníbal António Cavaco Silva - Domingos Manuel Martins Jerónimo - Carlos Alberto Diogo Soares Borrego. Ratificado em 26 de Maio de 1993. Publique-se. O Presidente da República, MÁRIO SOARES. Referendado em 28 de Maio de 1993. O Primeiro-Ministro, Aníbal António Cavaco Silva. (D.R. n. º 143, / Série-A, de 21 de Junho de 1993) 3113 $� ffl 20/93 � 7'F.l=+-B �---@� (�fi�{tff!�i}�) tJ�ffl:<tê; �0�� tLtL=1t: liJ=J fL El EEtEl!Ml'Êi"�*frpg*JlJiXZi&Jr-J'ra��tU� �@' ffl5E , Mz�-tLfL=1t: /\ J=J [Y B :t:El!Mlfü�Hffl�ffl.tJi& JUi¾Z frm L��*�:�0�Z�X�X&ffli3t�;,t;:��;,t;:$�· António Cavaco Silva - Domingos Manuel Martins Jerónimo Carlos Alberto Diogo Soares Borrego • ::ttfDl@�*-lE Mário Soares �:@. Aníbal António Cavaco Silva 3114 BOLETIM OFICIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34 - 23-8-1999 UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK. CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Parties to this Convention: Acknowledging that change in the Earth's climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind; Concerned that human activities have been sub stantially increasing the atmospheric concentra tions of greenhouse gases, that these increases enhance the natural greenhouse effect, and that this will result on average in an additional warm ing of the Earth's surface and atmosphere and may adversely affect natural ecosystems and hu mankind; Noting that the largest share of historical and cur rent global emissions of greenhouse gases has originated in developed countries, that per cap ita emissions in developing countries are still rela tively low and that the share of global emissions originating in developing countries will grow to meet their social and development needs; Aware of the role and importance in terrestrial and marine ecosystems of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases; Noting that there are many uncertainties in predic tions of climate change, particularly with regard to the timing, magnitude and regional patterns thereof; Acknowledging that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible cooperation by all countries and their participation in an ef fective and appropriate international response, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities and their social and economic conditions; Recalling the pertinent provisions of the Declara tion of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972; Recalling also that States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the prin ciples of international law, the sovereing right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsabilitity to ensure that activities wi thin their jurisdiction or control do note cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdic tion; Reaffirming the principle of sovereignty of States in international cooperation to address climate change; Recognizing that States should enact effective en vironmental legislation, that environmental stan dards, management objectives and priorities should reflect the environmental and develop mental context to which they apply, and that standards applied by some countries may be in appropriate and of unwarranted economic and social cost to other countries, in particular de veloping countries; Recalling the provisions of General Assembly Resolution 44/228, of 22 December 1989, on the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, and Resolutions 43/53, of 6 De cember 1988, 44/207, of 22 December 1989, 45/212, of 21 December 1990, and 46/169, of 19 December 1991, on protection of global cli mate for present and future generations of mankind; Recalling also the provisions·of General Assembly Resolution 44/206, of 22 December 1989, on the possible adverse effects of sealevel rise on islands and coastal areas, particularly low-lying coastal areas and the pertinent provisions of General As sembly Resolution 44/172, of 19 December 1989, on the implementation of the Plan of Action to Combat Desertification; Recalling further the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985, and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987, as adjusted and amended on 29 June 1990; Noting the Ministerial Declaration of the Second World Climate Conference adopted on 7 Novem ber 1990; Conscious of the valuable analytical work being conducted by many States on climate change and of the important contributions of the World Meteorological Organization, the United Nations Environment Programme and other organs, or ganizations and bodies of the United Nations system, as well as other international and inter governmental bodies, to the exchange of results of scientific research and the coordination of research; Recognizing that steps required to understand and address climate change will be environmentally, socially and economically most effective if they are based on relevant scientific, technical and economic considerations and continually re evaluated in the light of new findings in these areas; Recognizing that various actions to address climate change can be justified economically in their own right and can also help in solving other environ mental problems; Recognizing also the need for developed countries to take immediate action in a flexible manner on the basis of clear priorities, as a first step towards comprehensive response strategies at the global, national and, where agreed, regional levels that take into account all greenhouse gases, with due consideration of their relative contri butions to the enhancement of the greenhouse effect; Recognizing further that low-lying and other small island countries, countries with low-lying coastal, arid and semi-arid areas or areas liable to floods, drought and desertification, and developing countries with fragile mountainous ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change; Recognizing the special difficulties of those coun tries, especially developing countries, whose economies are particularly dependent on fossil fuel production, use and exportation, as a con sequence of action taken on limiting greenhouse gas emissions; Affirming that responses to climate change should be coordinated with social and economic de velopment in an integrated manner with a view to avoiding adverse impacts on the latter, tak ing into full account the legitimate priority needs of developing countries for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty; PI 34 JUI- 19991.f. 8 .fJ 21 El Recognizing that all countries, especially develop ing countries, need access to resources required to achieve sustainable social and economic de velopment and that, in order for developing countries to progress towards that goal, their energy consumption will need to grow taking into account the possibilities for achieving greater energy efficiency and for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in general, including through the application of new technologies on terms which make such an application economically and so cially beneficial; Determined to protect the . climate system for present and future generations; have agreed as follows: Article 1 Definitions (*) For the purposes of this Convention: 1) «Adverse effects of climate change» means changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have sig nificant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and welfare; 2) «Climate change» means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to hu man activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over com parable time periods; 3) «Climate system» means the totality of the at mosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and ge osphere and their interactions; 4) «Emissions» means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the at mosphere over a specified area and period of time; 5) «Greenhouse gases» means those gaseous con stituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation; 6) «Regional economic integration organization» means an organization constituted by sovereign States of a given region which has competence in respect of matters governed by this Conven tion or its protocols and has been duly autho rized, in accordance with its internal proce dures, to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the instruments concerned; 7) «Reservoir» means a component or components of the climate system where a greenhouse gas or a precursor of a grenhouse gas is stored; 8) «Sink» means any process, activity or mechan ism which removes a greenhouse gas, an aer osol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere; 9) «Source» means any process or activity which releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas into the at mosphere. (*) Titles of ·articles are included solely to assist the reader. Article 2 Objective 3115 The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic in terference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to en sure that food production is not threatened and to ena ble economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. Article 3 Principles In their actions to achieve the objective of the Con vention and to implement its provisions, the Parties shall be guided, inter alia, by the following: 1) The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiat ed responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof; 2) The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and of those Parties, espe, cially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full consideration; 3) The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversi ble damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that poli cies and measures to deal with climate change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost. To achieve this, such policies and measures should take into account different socio-economic contexts, be comprehensive, cover all relevant sources, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases and adaptation, and comprise all economic sectors. Efforts to address climate change may be car ried out cooperatively by interested Parties; 4) The Parties have a right to, and should, pro mote sustainable development. Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human-induced change should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should be integrated with national development programmes, taking into account that economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate change; 5) The Parties should cooperate to promote a sup portive and open international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development in all Parties, particularly de veloping country Parties, thus enabling them better to address the problems of climate change. Measures taken to combat climate change, including unilateral ones, should not 3116 BOLETIM OFICIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34 - 23-8-1999 constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on in ternational trade. Article 4 Commitments 1 - All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific na tional and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall: a) Develop, periodically update, publish and: ma~e available to the Conference of the Parties, m accordance with article 12, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties; b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, region al programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change by addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Mon treal Protocol, and measures to facilitate ade quate adaptation to climate change; c) Promote and cooperate in the development, ap plication and diffusion, including transfer, of technologies, practices and processes that con trol, reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Mon treal Protocol in all relevant sectors, including the energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management sectors; d) Promote sustainable management, and promote and cooperate in the conservation and enhance ment, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Mon treal Protocol, including biomass, forests and oceans as well as other terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems; e) Cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change; develop and elaborate appropriate and integrated plans for coastal zone management, water resources and agriculture, and for the protection and rehabili tation of areas, particularly in Africa, affected by drought and desertification, as well as floods; f) Take climate change considerations into ac count, to the extent feasible, in their relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, and employ appropriate methods, for example impact assessments, formulated and determined nationally, with a view to minimiz ing adverse effects on the economy, on public health and on the quality of the environment, of projects or measures undertaken by them to mitigate or adapt to climate change; g) Promote and cooperate in scientific, technolog ical, technical, socio-economic and other research, systematic observation and develop ment of data archives related to the climate sys tem and intended to further the understanding and to reduce or eliminate the remaining un certainties regarding the causes, effects, mag nitude and timing of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies; h) Promote and cooperate in the full, open and prompt exchange of relevant scientific, techno logical, technical, socio.:economic and legal in formation related to the climate system and cli mate change, and to the economic and social consequences of various response strategies; 1) Promote and cooperate in education, training and public awareness related to climate change and encourage the widest participation in this process, including that of non-governmental or ganizations; and J) Communicate to the Conference of the Parties information related to implementation, in ac cordance with article 12. 2 - The developed country Parties and other Par ties included in annex I commit themselves specifical ly as provided for in the following: a) Each of these Parties shall adopt national (1) policies and take corresponding measures on the mitigation of climate change, by limiting its an thropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting and enhancing its greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs. These policies and mea sures will demonstrate that developed countries are taking the lead in modifying longer-term trends in anthropogenic emissions consistent with the objective of the Convention, recogniz ing that the return by the end of the present decade to earlier levels of anthropogenic emis sions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol would contribute to such modification, and tak ing into account the differences in these Par ties, starting points and approaches, economic structures and resource bases, the need to main tain strong and sustainable economic growth, available technologies and other individual cir cumstances, as well as the need for equitable and appropriate contributions by each of these Parties to the global effort regarding that ob jective. These Parties may implement such poli cies and measures jointly with other Parties and may assist other Parties in contributing to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and, in particular, that of this subparagraph; b) In order to promote progress to this end, each of these Parties shall communicate, within six months of the entry into force of the Conven tion for it and periodically thereafter, and in accordance with article 12, detailed information on its policies and measures ref erred to in sub paragraph a) above, as well as on its resulting projected ·anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol for the period ref erred to in subparagraph a), with the aim qf returning individually or jointly to their 1990 levels these anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. This in formation will be reviewed by the Conference of the Parties, at its first session and periodi cally thereafter, in accordance with article 7; c) Calculations of emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases for the purposes of subparagraph b) above should take (1) This includes policies and measures adopted by regional eco nomic integration organizations. tlJ 34 Jt/J- I 999 if'. 8 fJ 23 B into account the best available scientific knowledge, including of the effective capacity of sinks and the respective contributions of such gases to climate change. The Conference of the Parties shall consider and agree on methodol ogies for theses calculations at its first session and review them regularly thereafter; d) The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first session, review the adequacy of subpara graphs a) and b) above. Such review shall be carried out in the light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant tech nical, social and economic information. Based on this review, the Conference of the Parties shall take appropriate action, which may in clude the adoption of amendments to the com mitments in subparagraphs a) and b) above. The Conference of the Parties, at its first ses sion, shall also take decisions regarding criter ia for joint implementation as indicated in sub paragraph a) above. A second review of subparagraphs a) and b) shall take place not later than 31 December 1998, and thereafter at regular intervals determined by the Conference of the Parties, until the objective of the Con ventio n is met; e) Each of these Parties shall: 1) Coordinate as appropriate with other such Parties, relevant economic and administra tive instruments developed to achieve the objective of the Convention; and ii) Identify and periodically review its own policies and practices which encourage ac tivities that lead to greater levels of an thropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol than would otherwise occur; j) The Conference of the Parties shall review, not later than 31 December 1998, available infor mation with a view to taking decisions regard ing such amendments to the lists in annexes I and II as may be appropriate, with the ap proval of the Party concerned; g) Any Party not included in annex I may, in its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or at any time thereafter, notify the depositary that it intends to be bound by subparagraphs a) and b) above. The depositary shall inform the other signatories and Parties of any such notification. 3 - The developed country Parties and other deve loped Parties included in annex II shall provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in complying with their obligations under article 12, para graph 1. They shall also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of implementing measures that are covered by paragraph 1 of this article and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in article 11, in accordance with that article. The implementation of these commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and 3117 the importance of appropriate burden sharing among the developed country Parties. 4 - The developed country Parties and other deve loped Parties included in annex II shall also assist the developing country Parties that are particularly vulner able to the adverse effects of climate change in meet ing costs of adaptation to those adverse effects. S - The developed country Parties and other deve loped Parties included in annex II shall take all prac ticable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as ap propriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, par ticularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention. In this process, the developed country Parties shall support the development and enhancement of endogenous capaci ties and technologies of developing country Parties. Other Parties and organizations in a position to do so may also assist in facilitating the transfer of such tech nologies. 6 - In the implementation of their commitments un der paragraph 2 above, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties to the Parties included in annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, in order to enhance the ability of these Parties to address climate change, including with regard to the historical level of anthropo genic emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol chosen as a reference. 7 - The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments under the Convention will depend on the effective implementa tion by developed country Parties of their commitments under the Convention related to financial resources and transfer of technology and will take fully into account that economic and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country Parties. 8 - In the implementation of the commitments in this article, the Parties shall give full consideration to what actions are necessary under the Convention, in cluding actions related to funding, insurance and the transfer of technology, to meet the specific needs and concerns of developing country Parties arising from the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impact of the implementation of response measures, especially on: a) Small island countries; b) Countries with low-lying coastal areas; c) Countries with arid and semi-arid areas, forest ed areas and areas liable to forest decay; d) Countries with areas prone to natural disasters; e) Countries with areas liable to drought and desertification; f) Countries with areas of high urban atmospheric pollution; g) Countries with areas with fragile ecosystems, in cluding mountainous ecosystems; h) Countries whose economies are highly depen dent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or on consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy-intensive products; and 1) Land-locked and transit countries. Further, the Conference of the Parties may take ac tions, as appropriate, with respect to this paragraph. 9 - The Parties shall take full account of the specif , ic needs and special situations of the least developed countries in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology. 3118 BOLETIM OFICIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34 - 23-8-1999 10 - The Parties shall, in accordance with article 10, take into consideration in the implementation of the commitments of the Convention the situation of Par ties, particularly developing country Parties, with econ omies that are vulnerable to the adverse effects of the implementation of measures to respond to climate change. This applies notably to Parties with economies that are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or con sumption of fossil fuels and associated energy-intensive products and/or the use of fossil fuels for which such Parties have serious difficulties in switching to alter natives. Article 5 Research and systematic observation In carrying out their commitments under article 4, paragraph 1, g), the Parties shall: a) Support and further develop, as appropriate, international and intergovernmental programmes and networks or organizations aimed at de fining, conducting, assessing and financing research, data collection and systematic obser vation, taking into account the need to minimize duplication of effort; b) Support international and intergovernmental ef forts to strengthen systematic observation and national scientific and technical research capac ities and capabilities, particularly in developing countries, and to promote access to, and the exchange of, data and analyses thereof obtained from areas beyond national jurisdiction; and c) Take into account the particular concerns and needs of developing countries and cooperate in improving their endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in the efforts ref erred to in subparagraphs a) and b) above. Article 6 Education, training and public awareness In carrying out their commitments under article 4, paragraph 1, I), the Parties shall: a) Promote and facilitate at the national and, as appropriate, subregional and regional levels, and in accordance with national laws and regu lations, and within their respective capacities: 1) The development and implementation of educational and public awareness programmes on climate change and its effects; ii) Public access to information on climate change and its effects; iii) Public participation in addressing climate · change and its effects and developing adequate responses; and iv) Training. of scientific, technical and managerial personnel; b) Cooperate in and promote, at the internation al level, and, where appropriate, using existing bodies: 1) The development and exchange of educa tional and public awareness material on climate change and its effects; and it) The development and implementation of education and training programmes, in cluding the strengthening of national in stitutions and the exchange or second ment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing coun tries. Article 7 Conference of the Parties 1 - A Conference of the Parties is hereby estab lished. 2 - The Conference of the Parties, as the supreme body of this Convention, shall keep under regular review the implementation of the Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt, and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote the effective im plementation of the Convention. To this end, it shall: a) Periodically examine the obligations of the Par ties and the institutional arrangements under the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its im plementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge; b) Promote and facilitate the exchange of infor mation on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsabilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under the Convention; c) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Par ties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under the Convention; d) Promote and guide, in accordance with the ob jective and provisions of the Convention, the development and periodic refinement of com parable methodologies, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, for prepar ing inventories of greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, and for evalu ating the effectiveness of measures to limit the emissions and enhance the removals of these gases; e) Assesss, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, the implementation of the Convention by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to the Conven tion, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; f) Consider and adopt regular reports on the im plementation of the Convention and ensure their publication; g) Make recommendations on any matters neces sary for the implementation of the Convention; h) Seek to mobilize financial resources in accor dance with article 4, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, and article 11; 1) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of the Con vention; J) Review reports submitted by its subsidiary bod ies and provide guidance to them; tfH4 JI/J-19991P 8 fJ 23 B k) Agree upon and adopt, by consensus, rules of procedure and financial rules for itself and for any subsidiary bodies; /) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the serv ices and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organiza tions and intergovernmental and non governmental bodies; and m) Exercise such other functions as are required for the achievement of the objective of the Convention as well as all other functions as signed to it under the Convention. 3 - The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first session, adopt its own rules of procedure as well as those of the subsidiary bodies established by the Con vention, which shall include decision-making procedures of matters not already covered by decision-making procedures stipulated in the Convention. Such proce dures may include specified majorities required for the adoption of particular decisions. 4 - The first session of the Conference of the Par ties shall be convened by the interim secretariat referred to in article 21 and shall take place not later than one year after the date of entry into force of the Conven tion. Thereafter, ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties shall be held every year unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties. 5 - Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the· request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one-third of the Parties. 6 - The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not Party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, govern mental or non-governmental, which is qualified in mat ters covered by the Convention, and which has in formed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties as an ob server, may be so admitted unless at least one-third of the Parties present object. The admission and partici pation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Article 8 Secretariat 1 - A secretariat is hereby established .. 2 - The functions of the secretariat shall be: a) To make arrangements for sessions of the Con ference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies established under the Convention and to pro vide them with services as required; b) To compile and transmit reports submitted to it; c) To facilitate assistance to the Parties, particu larly developing country Parties, on request, in the compilation and communication of infor mation required in accordance with the provi sions of the Convention; d) To prepare reports on its activities and present them to the Conference of the Parties; 3119 e) To ensure the necessary coordination with the secretariats of other relevant international bodies; /) To enter, under the overall guidance of the Conference of the Parties, into such adminis trati~e and contractual arrangements as may be reqmred for the efective discharge of its func tions; and g) To perform the other secretariat functions specified in the Convention and in any of its protocols and such other functions as may be determined by the Conference of the Parties. 3 - The Conference of the Parties, at its first ses sion, shall designate a permanent secretariat and make arrangements for its functioning. Article 9 Subsidiary body for scientific and technological advice . 1 - ~ su?sidiary body for scientific and technolog ical advice 1s hereby established to provide the Con ference of the Parties and, as appropriate, its other sub sidiary bodies with timely information and advice on scientific and technological matters relating to the Con vention. This body shall be open to participation by all Parties and shall be multidisciplinary. It shall com prise government representatives competent in the rele vant field of expertise. It shall report regularly to the Conference of the Parties on all aspects of its work. 2 - Under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties, and drawing upon existing competent interna tional bodies, this body shall: a) Provide assessments of the state of scientific knowledge relating to climate change and its ef fects; b) Prepare scientific assessments on the effects of measures taken in the implementation of the Convention; c) Identify inovative, efficient and state-of-the-art technologies and know-how and advise on the ways and means of promoting development and/or transferring such technologies; d) Provide advice on scientific programmes, inter national cooperation in research and develop ment related to climate change, as well as on ways and means of suporting endogenous capacity-building in developing countries; and e) Respond to scientific, technological and methodological questions that the Conference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies may put to the body. 3 - The functions and terms of reference of this body may be further elaborated by the Conference of the Parties. Article 10 Subsidiary body for Implementation 1 - A subsidiary body for implementation is here by established to assist the Conference of the Parties in the assessment and review of the effective implemen tation of the Convention. This body shall be opent to participation by all Parties and comprise government representatives who are experts on matters related to climate change. It shall report regularly to the Confer ence of the Parties on all aspects of its work. 3120 BOLETIM OFJCIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34 -23-8-/999 2 - Under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties, this body shall: a) Consider the information communicated in ac cordance with article 12, paragraph 1, to assess the overall aggregated effect of the steps taken by the Parties in the light of the latest scientif ic assessments concerning climate change; b) Consider the information communicated in ac cordance with article 12, paragraph 2, in order to assist the Conference of the Parties in car rying out the reviews required by article 4, paragraph 2, d); and c) Assist the Conference of the Parties, as ap propriate, in the preparation and implementa tion of its decisions. Article 11 Financial mechanism 1 - A mechanism for the provision of financial resources on a grant or concessional basis, including for the transfer of technology, is hereby defined. It shall function under the guidance of and be accounta ble to the Conference of the Parties, which shall de cide on its policies, programme priorities and eligibili ty criteria related to this Convention. Its operation shall be entrusted to one or more existing international en tities. 2 - The financial mechanism shall have an equita ble and balanced representation of all Parties within a transparent system of governance. 3 - The Conference of the Parties and the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism shall agree upon arrangements to give ef fect to the above paragraphs, which shall include the following: a) Modalities to ensure that the funded projects to addess climate change are in conformity with the policies, programme priorities and eligibili ty criteria established by the Conference of the Parties; b) Modalities by which a particular funding deci sion may be reconsidered in light of these poli cies, programme priorities and eligibility criteria; c) Provision by the entity or entities of regular reports to the Conference of the Parties on its funding operations, which is consistent with the requirement for accountability set out in para graph 1 above; and d) Determination in a predictable and identifiable manner of the amount of funding necessary and available for the implementation of this Convention and the conditions under which that amount shall be periodically reviewed. 4 - The Conference of the Parties shall make ar rangements to implement the above mentioned provi sions at its first session, reviewing and taking into ac count the interim arrangements referred to in article 21, paragraph 3, and shall decide whether these interim ar rangements shall be maintained. Within four years thereafter, the Conference of the Parties shall review the financial mechanism and take appropriate measures. 5 - The developed country Parties may also provide and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources related to the implementation of the Convention through bilateral, regional and other mul tilateral channels. Article 12 Communication of information related to implementation 1 - In accordance with article 4, paragraph 1, each Party shall communicate to the Conference of the Par ties, through the secretariat, the following elements of information: a) A national inventory of anthropogenic emis sions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Mon treal Protocol, to the extent its capacities per mit, using comparable methodologies to be promoted and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties; b) A general description of steps taken or en visaged by the Party to implement the Conven tion; and c) Any other information that the Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its communication, including, if feasible, material relevant for calculations of global emission trends. 2 - Each developed country Party and each other Party included in annex I shall incorporate in its com munication the following elements of information: a) A detailed description of the policies and meas ures that it has adopted to implement its com mitment under article 4, paragraphs 2, a), and 2, b); and b) A specific estimate of the effects that the poli cies and measures referred to in subpara graph a) immediately above will have on an thropogenic emissions by its sources and removals by its sinks of greenhouse gases dur ing the period referred to in article 4, para graph 2, a). 3 - In addition, each developed country Party and each other developed Party included in annex II shall incorporate details of measures taken in accordance with article 4, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5. 4 - Developing country Parties may, on a voluntary basis, propose projects for financing, including specif ic technologies, materials, equipment, techniques or practices that would be needed to implement such projects, along with, if possible, an estimate of all in cremental costs, of the reductions of emissions and increments of removals of greenhouse gases, as well as an estimate of the consequent benefits. 5 - Each developed country Party and each other Party included in annex I shall make its initial commu nication within six months of the entry into force of the Convention for that Party. Each Party not so list ed shall make its initial communication within three years of the entry into force of the Convention for that Party, or of the availability of financial resources in accordance with article 4, paragraph 3. Parties that are least developed countries may make their initial com munication at their discretion. The frequency of sub sequent communications by all Parties shall be deter mined by the Conference of the Parties, taking into account the differentiated timetable set by this para graph. 6 - Information communicated by Parties under this article shall be transmitted by the secretariat as soon as possible to the Conference of the Parties and to any subsidiary bodies concerned. If necessary, the proce dures for the communication of information may be further considered by the Conference of the Parties. ff/I34Jt/J-. 1999ff.8fa123 B 7 - From its first session, the Conference of the Parties shall arrange for the provision to developing country Parties of technical and financial support, on request, in compiling and communicating information under this article, as well as in indentifying the techni cal and financial needs associated with proposed projects and response measures under article 4. Such support may be provided by other Parties, by compe tent international organizations and by the secretariat, as appropriate. 8 - Any group of Parties may, subject to guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties, and to pri or notification to the Conference of the Parties, make a joint communication in fulfilment of their obligations under this article, provided that such a communication includes information on the fulfilment by each of these Parties of its individual obligations under the Conven tion. 9 - Information received by the secretariat that is designated by a Party as confidential, in accordance with criteria to be established by the Conference of the Parties, shall be aggregated by the secretariat to pro tect its confidentiality before being made available to any of the bodies involved in the communication and review of information. 10 - Subject to paragraph 9 above, and without prejudice to the ability of any Party to make public its communication at any time, the secretariat shall make communications by Parties under this Article publicly available at the time they are submitted to the Conference of the Parties. Article 13 Resolution of questions regarding implementation The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first ses sion, consider the establishment of a multilateral con sultative process, available to Parties on their request, for the resolution of questions regarding the implemen tation of the Convention. Article 14 Settlement of disputes 1 - In the event of a dispute between any two or more Parties concerning the interpretation or applica tion of the Convention, the Parties concerned shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means of their own choice. 2 - When ratifying, accepting, approving or acced ing to the Convention, or at any time thereafter, a Party which is not a regional economic integration or ganization may declare in a written instrument submit ted to the depositary that, in respect of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Con vention, it recognizes as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any Party ac cepting the same obligation: a) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice; and/or b) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties as soon as practicable, in an anriex on arbitration. A Party which is a regional economic integration or ganization may make a declaration with like effect in relation to arbitration in accordance with the proce dures ref erred to in sub paragraph b) above. 3 - A declaration made under paragraph 2 above shall remain in force until it expires in accordance with 3121 its terms or until three months after written notice of its revocation has been deposited with the depo·sitary. 4 - A new declaration, a notice of revocation or the expiry of a declaration shall not in any way affect proceedings pending before the International Court of Justice or the arbitral tribunal, unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree. 5 - Subject to the operation of paragraph 2 above, if after twelve months following notification by one Party to another that a dispute exists between them, the Parties concerned have not been able to settle their dispute through the means mentioned in paragraph 1 above, the dispute shall be submitted, at the request of any of the parties to the dispute, to conciliation. 6 - A conciliation commission shall be created upon the request of one of the parties to the dispute. The commission shall be composed of anequal number of members appointed by each party concerned and a chairman chosen jointly by the member appointed by each party. The commission shall render a recommen datory award, which the parties shall consider in good faith. 7 - Additional procedures relating to conciliation shall be adopted by the Conference of the Parties, as soon as practicable, in an annex on conciliation. 8 - The provisions of this article shall apply to any related legal instrument which the Conference of the Parties may adopt, unless the instrument provides otherwise. Article 15 Amendments to the Convention I - Any Party may propose amendments to the Convention. 2 - Amendments to the Convention shall be adopt ed at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Par ties. The text of any proposed amendment to the Con vention shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate proposed amendments to the signa tories to the Convention and, for information, to the depositary. 3 ....., The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to the Conven tion by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communi cated by the secretariat to the depositary, who shall cir culate it to all Parties for their acceptance .. 4 - Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt .by the depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three-fourths of the Parties to the Convention. 5 - The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with ·the depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment. 6 - For the purposes of this article, «Parties present and voting» means Parties present and casting an af firmative or negative vote. Article 16 Adoption and amendment of annexes to the Convention 1 - Annexes to the Convention shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, a 3122 BOLETIM Of IC/AL DE MACAU - I SERIE ' N. 0 34 - 23-8-1999 reference to the Convention constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Without prejudice to the provisions of article 14, paragraphs 2, b), and 7, such annexes shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, tech nical, procedural or administrative character. 2 - Annexes to the Convention shall be proposed and adopted in accordance with the procedure set forth in article 15, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. 3 - An annex that has been adopted in accordance with paragraph 2 above shall enter into force for all Parties to the Convention six months after the date of the communication by the depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex. The an nex shall enter into force for Parties wich withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notifica tion has been received by the depositary. 4 - The proposal, adoption and entry into force of amendments to annexes to the Convention shall be sub ject to the same procedure as that for the proposal, adoption and entry into force of annexes to the Con vention in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 above. 5 - If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to the Convention, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to the Convention enters into force. Article 17 Protocols 1 - The Conference of the Parties may, at any or dinary session, adopt protocols to the Convention. 2 - The text of any proposed protocol shall be com municated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before such a session. 3 - The requeriments for the entry into force of any protocol shall be established by that instrument. 4 - Only Parties to the Convention may be Parties to a protocol. 5 - Decisions under any protocol shall be taken only by the Parties to the protocol concerned. Article 18 Right to vote 1 - Each Party to the Convention shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below. 2 - Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the num ber of their member States that are Parties to the Con vention. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa. Article 19 Depositary The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of the Convention and of protocols adopted in accordance with article 17. Article 20 Signature This Convention shall be open for signature by States members of the United Nations or of any of its special ized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and by regional economic integration organizations at Rio de Janeiro, during the United Nations Conference on Environment and De velopment, and thereafter at United Nations headquart ers in New York from 20 June 1992 to 19 June 1993. Article 21 Interim arrangements 1 - The secretariat functions ref erred to in article 8 will be carried out on an interim basis by the secretariat established by the General Assembley of the United Na tions in its Resolution 45/212, of 21 December 1990, until the completion of the first session of the Confer ence of the Parties. 2 - The head of the interim secretariat referred to in paragraph 1 above will cooperate closely with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to ensure that the Panel can· respond to the need for objective scientific and technical advice. Other relevant scientif ic bodies could also be consulted. 3 - The Global Environment Facility of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development shall be the in ternational entity entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism referred to in article 11 on a in terim basis. In this connection, the Global Environment Facility should be appropriately restructured and its membership made universal to enable it to fulfil the requirements of article 11. Article 22 Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession 1 - The Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations. It shall be open for accession from the day after the date of which the Convention is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the depositary. 2 - Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to the Convention without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under the Convention. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to the Convention, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsabilities for the performance of their obligations under the Convention. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under the Co.nvention concurrently. 3 - In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration or ganizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by the Conven tion. These organizations shall also inform the deposi tary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any sub stantial modification in the extent of their competence. Article 23 Entry Into force 1 - The Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or ac cession. fffH4 M-1999 ifi 8 fJ 23 B 2 - For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves the Con vention or accedes thereto after the deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by such State or regional economic integration organization of its in strument of ratification, acceptance, approval or acces sion. 3 - For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 above, any instrument deposited by a regional economic in tegration organization shall not be counted as addition al to those deposited by States members of the organi zation. Article 24 Reservations No reservations may be made to the Convention. Article 25 Withdrawal 1 - At any time after three years from the date on which the Convention has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from the Convention by giving written notification to the depositary. 2 - Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon ex piry of one year from the date of receipt by the Deposi tary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of with drawal. 3 - Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from any protocol to which it is a Party. Article 26 Authentic texts The original of this Convention, of which the Arab ic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention. Done at New York this 9th day of May 1992. Australia. Austria. Belarus (a). Belgium. Bulgaria (a). Canada. · Czechoslovakia (a). Denmark. European Community. Estonia (a). Finland. France. Germany. Greece. Hungary (a). Iceland. Ireland. Italy. Japan. Latvia (a). Lithuania (a). ANNEX I Luxembourg. Netherlands. New Zealand. Norway. Poland (a). Portugal. Romania (a). Russian Federation (a). Spain. Sweden. Switzerland. Turkey. Ukraine (a). United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United States of America. 3123 (a) Contrics that arc undcraoing the process or transition 10 a market economy. Australia. Austria. Belgium. Canada. Denmark. European Community. Finland. France. Germany. Greece. Iceland. Ireland. Italy. Japan. Luxembourg. Netherlands. New Zealand. Norway. Portugal. Spain. Sweden. Switzerland. Turkey. ANNEX II United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United States of America. CONVENCAO OUADRO DAS NACOES UNIDAS SOBRE AS ALTERACOES CUMATICAS As Partes nesta Convencao: Reconhecendo que a alteracao do clima da Terra e os seus ef eitos negativos sao uma preocupa cao comum da humanidade; Preocupadas por as actividades humanas terem au mentado substancialmente na atmosf era as con centracoes de gases corn efeito de estufa e pelo facto de esse aumento estar a acrescer o efeito de estufa natural, o que ira resultar num aque cimento medio adicional da superficie da Terra e da atmosf era, podendo afectar adversamente os ecossistemas naturais e a humanidade; Notando que a maior parte das emissoes globais actuais e hist6ricas de gases corn efeito de es tufa teve origem em paises desenvolvidos, que as emissoes per capita nos paises em desenvol vimento sao ainda relativamente baixas e que a quota-parte das emissoes globais corn origem nos paises em desenvolvimento ira aumentar para satisf azer as suas necessidades sociais e de desenvolvimento; Conhecedoras do papel e importancia dos ecossis temas terrestres e marinhos como sumidouros e reservat6rios dos gases corn ef eito de estufa; Notando que existem muitas incertezas nas previ soes sobre as alteracoes climaticas, especialmente quanto ao momento da sua ocorrencia, ampli tude e modelo regional; 3124- BOLETIM OFIC/AL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34 - 23-8-1999 Reconhecendo que a natureza global da alteracao climatica requer a mais ampla cooperacao pos sfvel entre todos os paises e a sua participaciio numa resposta intemacional eficaz e apropriada, de acordo corn as suas responsabilidades comuns mas diferenciadas e de acordo corn as suas ca pacidades respectivas e corn as suas condicoes sociais e econ6micas; Relembrando as disposicoes pertinentes da Decla ra:cao da Conferencia das Nacoes Unidas sobre o Ambiente Humano, adoptada em Estocolmo em 16 de Junho de 1972; Relembrando tambem que, de acordo corn a Carta das Nai;oes Unidas e corn os principios do di reito internacional, os Estados tern o direito so berano de explorarem os seus pr6prios recursos de acordo corn as suas politicas ambientais e de desenvolvirnento, assim como a responsabilidade de assegurarem que as actividades sob a sua ju risdi<;iio ou controlo niio causem danos ao am biente de outros Estados ou areas situadas fora dos limites da sua soberania nacional; Reafirmando o principio da soberania dos Esta dos na cooperaciio internacional relativa as al teracoes climaticas; Reconhecendo que os Estados deveriam aprovar uma legislacao eficaz para o ambiente, que as normas ambientais, a gestao dos objectivos e prioridades deveriio reflectir o contexto ambien tal e de desenvolvimento a que se aplicam e que os valores de referenda adoptados por certos paises podem ser inapropriados e implicar custos econ6micos e sociais excessivos para outros pai ses, especialmente os paises em desenvolvirnento; Recordando as disposicoes da Resolucao n. 0 44/228 da Assembleia Geral, de 22 de De zembro de 1989, sobre a Conferencia das Na coes Unidas sabre o Ambiente e Desenvolvi mento, assim como as Resolu<;oes n.05 43/53, de 6 de Dezembro de 1988, 44/207, de 22 de De zembro de 1989, 45/212, de 21 de Dezembro de 1990, e 46/169, de 19 de Dezembro de 1991, so bre a proteccao do clima global para as gera <;oes actuais e futuras da humanidade; Recordando tambem as disposi<;oes da Resolucao n. 0 44/206 da Assembleia Geral, de 22 de De zern bro de 1989, sabre os possiveis efeitos ne gativos da subida do nivel das aguas do mar sobre as ilhas e sabre as areas costeiras, espe cialmente as areas costeiras baixas, assim coma as disposicoes da Resolu<;iio n. 0 44/172, de 19 de Dezembro de 1989, da Assembleia Geral sa bre a implementa<;ao do Piano de Ac<;ao de Combate a Desertificai;ao; Recordando ainda a Convencao de Viena para a Protec<;ao da Camada de Ozono, de 1985, e o Protocolo de Montreal sobre as Substancias Que Diminuem a Camada de Ozono, de 1987, corn os ajustamentos e emendas de 29 de Junho de 1990; Notando a Declaracao Ministerial da Segunda Conferencia Mundial do Clima, adoptada em 7 de Novembro de 1990; Conscientes do valioso trabalho analitico que esta a ser realizado por muitos Estados sobre as al tera<;oes climaticas e das contribuicoes importan tes da Organizacao Mundial de Meteorologia, do Programa das Na<;oes Unidas para o Ambiente e outros 6rgaos, organizacoes e entidades do sis tema das Nacoes Unidas, assim como de outros 6rgaos intemacionais e intergovemamen~ais, no intercarnbio de resultados da investigai;ao cien tifica e na coordenai;ao das investigacoes; Reconhecendo que os passos necessarios a com preensao e a resolucao dos problemas das alte ra<;oes climaticas seriio mais eficazes, de um ponto de vista ambiental, social e econ6mico, se se basearem em consideracoes cientificas, tec nicas e econ6micas relevantes e continuamente reavaliadas a luz das novas descobertas nestes dominios; Reconhecendo que diversas aci;oes destinadas a re solver a alterai;ao climatica podem ser economi camente justificadas em si mesmas e ajudar a resolver outros problemas ambientais; · Reconhecendo tambem a necessidade de que os paises desenvolvidos tomem ac<;oes imediatas, de modo flexivel e corn base em prioridades defi nidas, como um primeiro passo para o desen volvirnento de estrategias de resposta a nivel glo bal, nacional e, quando acordado, regional que tenham em conta todos os gases corn efeito de estufa e a contribuicao relativa de cada um de les para o aumento deste efeito; Reconhecendo ainda que os paises corn baixa alti tude, os formados por pequenas ilhas, paises corn areas costeiras baixas, aridas e semiaridas, ou corn areas sujeitas a inundai;oes, secas ou de sertifica<;iio, assim como os paises em desenvol vimento corn ecossistemas montanhosos frageis, siio especialmente vulneraveis aos efeitos adver sos das altera<;oes climaticas; Reconhecendo as dificuldades especiais desses pai ses, especialmente os paises em desenvolvirnento, cujas economias estiio particularmente depen dentes da produi;iio, uso e exporta<;iio de com bustiveis f6sseis, em consequencia das ac<;oes destinadas a limitar a emissiio de gases corn efeito de estufa; Afirmando que as respostas a dar a alteracao cli matica devem estar coordenadas corn o desen volvimento econ6mico e social, de um modo in tegrado, tendo em vista evitar impactes negativos nestes ultimos, tendo totalmente em conta as ne cessidades prioritarias e legitimas dos paises em desenvolvimento para alcan<;arem um cresci mento econ6mico sustentado e a erradicacao da pobreza; Reconhecendo que todos os paises, especialmente os paises em desenvolvimento, devem ter acesso aos recursos necessarios para alcani;arem um de senvolvimento social e econ6mico sustentavel, tendo em conta que esses paises devem progre dir no sentido do alcance deste objectivo e que o seu consumo energetico necessitara de aumen tar, tendo em considera<;iio as possibilidades de se conseguir uma maior eficiencia energetica e de se controlar as ernissoes de gases corn efeito de estufa em geral, incluindo a aplica<;iio de no vas tecnologias em termos que tomem tal apli caciio social e economicamente benefica; Decididas. a proteger o sistema climatico para as gera<;oes actuais e futuras; concordaram no seguinte: Artigo 1. 0 Defml~oes Para efeitos desta Conven<;iio: ff/H4 J!IJ-19991f. 8 fJ 23 B 1) «Efeitos adversos das altera96es climaticas» sig nifica as modifica96es no ambiente fisico, ou biota, resultantes da altera9iio climatica, que tenham efeitos negativos significativos na com posi9ao, resistencia ou produtividade dos ecos sistemas naturais e sob gestiio, ou no funcio namento dos sistemas s6cio-econ6micos ou ainda sobre .a saude e o bem-estar humanos; 2) «Altera9iio climatica» significa uma modifica 9iio no clima atribuivel, directa ou indirecta mente, a actividade humana que altera a com posi9iio da atmosfera global e que, conjugada corn as varia96es climaticas naturais, e obser vada durante periodos de tempo comparaveis; 3) «Sistema climatico» significa o conjunto da at mosfera, hidrosfera, biosfera e litosfera e suas interaccoes; 4) «Emissoes» significa a liberta9iio de gases, corn efeito de estufa, e ou seus percursores na at mosfera sobre uma area especifica e durante certo periodo; 5) «Gases corn efeito de estufa» significa os cons tituintes gasosos da atmosfera, tanto naturais como antropogenicos, que absorvem e reemi tem a radiacao infravermelha; 6) «Organiza9iio de integra9iio econ6mica regio nal» significa uma orgartiza9iio constituida por Estados soberanos de certa regiao que tern com petencia relativamente a assuntos regidos por esta Convencao ou seus protocolos e que esta devidamente autorizada, de acordo corn os seus processos internos, a assinar, ratificar, aceitar, aprovar ou aceder os instrumentos em causa; 7) «Reservat6rio» significa um componente, ou componentes, do sistema climatico em que · um gas corn efeito de estufa, ou um seu percursor, e armazenado; 8) «Sumidouro» significa qualquer processo, ac tividade ou mecanismo que remove da atmos fera um gas corn efeito de estufa, ou um seu percursor, ou um aerossol; 9) «Fonte» significa qualquer processo ou activi dade que liberta gases corn efeito de estufa, ou um seu percursor ou aeross6is para a atmosfera. Artigo 2. 0 Objectivo 0 objectivo final desta Convencao e de quaisquer instrumentos legais que a Conferencia das Partes possa vir a adoptar e o de conseguir, de acordo corn as dis posi96es relevantes da Conven9iio, a estabilizacao das concentra96es na atmosfera de gases corn efeito de estufa a um nivel que evite um a interf erencia antropo genica perigosa corn o sistema climatico. Tai nivel de veria ser atingido durante um espa90 de tempo sufi ciente para permitir a adapta9iio natural dos ecossiste mas as altera96es climaticas, para garantir que a produ9iio de alimentos niio seja amea9ada e para per mitir que o desenvolvimento econ6mico prossiga de uma forma sustentavel. Artigo 3. 0 Prindplos Nas suas accoes destinadas a alcancar o objectivo da Conven9iio e para aplicar as suas disposi96es, as Par tes guiar-se-iio, inter alia, pelos principios seguintes: 1) As Partes Contratantes devem proteger o sis tema climatico para beneficio das gera96es pre 3125 sentes e futuras da humanidade, corn base na equidade e de acordo corn as suas responsabi lidades comuns mas diferenciadas e corn as res pectivas capacidades. Assim, as Partes consti tuidas por paises desenvolvidos devem tomar a lideran9a no combate a altera9iio climatica e aos seus efeitos adversos; 2) As necessidades especificas e as circunstancias especiais das Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento, especialmente os que siio par ticularmente vulneraveis aos efeitos prejudiciais das altera96es climaticas, e das Partes Contra tantes, especialmente os paises em desenvolvi mento, que deveriam suportar um encargo desproporcionado e anormal resultante da Con ven9iio, devem ser tidas em plena consideracao; 3) As Partes devem tomar medidas cautelares para antecipar, evitar ou rninimizar as causas das al tera96es climaticas e rnitigar os seus efeitos pre judiciais. Quando haja amea9as de danos gra ves ou irreversiveis, a falta de certeza cientifica niio deve ser utilizada para justificar o adia mento da tomada de tais medidas, tendo em conta, no entanto, que as politicas e as medi das relacionadas corn as altera96es climaticas devem ser eficazes relativamente ao seu custo, de tal modo que garantam a obten9iio de be neficios globais ao menor custo possivel. Para se conseguir isto, tais politicas e medidas de vem ter em considera9ao os diversos contextos s6cio-econ6micos, acessiveis, cobrirem todas as fontes, sumidouros e reservat6rios de gases corn efeito de estufa e adaptar-se e englobar todos os sectores econ6micos. Os esforcos direccio nados as altera96es climaticas podem ser reali zados em coopera9iio entre as Partes interes sadas; 4) As Partes tern o direito e devem promover o desenvolvimento sustentavel. As politicas e as medidas para proteger o sistema climatico con tra as altera96es causadas pela actividade bu mana devem ser apropriadas as condi96es es pecificas de cada Parte e devem estar integradas nos programas nacionais de desenvolvimento, tendo em considera9ao que o desenvolvimento econ6mico e essencial para a adopcao de me didas direccionadas corn as altera96es clima ticas; · 5) As Partes devein cooperar na promo9iio de um sistema econ6mico internacional, apoiante e aberto, que conduza a um crescimento econ6 mico e a um desenvolvimento sustentaveis em todas as Partes, especialmente as Partes Con tratantes dos paises em desenvolvimento, per mitindo assim que estes tenham uma maior ca pacidade para enfrentar os problemas suscitados pelas alteracoes climaticas. As medidas toma das para combater as altera96es climaticas, in cluindo as medidas unilaterais, nao devem cons tituir um meio para efectuar uma discrirnina9ao arbitraria ou injustificada, ou uma restricao en capotada, ao comercio internacional. Artigo 4. 0 Compromissos 1 - Todas as Partes, tendo em considera9ao as suas responsabilidades comuns, mas diferenciadas, as suas prioridades especificas de desenvolvimento nacional e regional e os seus objectivos e circunstancias, devem: 3126 BOLETIM OFICIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE · N. 0 34-23-8-1999 a) Desenvolver, actualizar periodicamente, publi car e facultar a Conferencia das Partes, de acordo corn os terrnos do artigo 12. 0 , os seus inventarios nacionais de ernissoes antropogeni cas por fontes, assirn corno da rernoc;ao pelos surnidouros de todos os gases corn efeitos de estufa nao controlados pelo Protocolo de Mon treal, rnediante a utilizac;ao de metodologias comparaveis, a acordar pela Conferencia das Partes; b) Formular, implernentar, publicar e actualizar re gularmente programas nacionais e, quando apropriado, regionais, contendo medidas para mitigar as alterac;oes climaticas, considerando as emissoes antropogenicas por fontes e a re moc;ao, pelos surnidouros, de todos os gases corn efeito de estufa nao controlados pelo Pro tocolo de Montreal, e rnedidas para facilitar uma adaptac;ao adequada as alterac;oes clirna ticas; c) Promover e cooperar no desenvolvimento, apli cac;ao e divulgac;ao, incluindo a transferencia de tecnologias, pra~icas e processos que controlem, reduzarn ou previnarn as emissoes antropoge nicas de gases de efeito de estufa nao contro lados pelo Protocolo de Montreal, em todos os sectores relevantes, incluindo o da energia, dos transportes, da industria, da agricultura, da sil vicultura e da gestao de residuos; d) Promover uma gestao sustentavel e, quando apropriado, promover e cooperar na conserva c;ao e na rnelhoria de sumidouros e reservat6 rios de todos os gases corn efeito de estufa nao controlados pelo Protocolo de Montreal, in cluindo a biomassa, as florestas, os oceanos, as sim corno outros ecossistemas terrestres, costei ros e rnarinhos; e) Cooperar na preparac;ao para a adaptac;ao aos irnpactes das alterac;oes climaticas, desenvolver e elaborar pianos apropriados e integrados con templando a gestao das zonas costeiras, dos recursos hidricos e da agricultura e na protec c;ao e reabilitac;ao de areas, especialrnente em Africa, atingidas pela seca e pela desertificac;ao, assim como por inundac;oes; f) Ter em conta as alterac;oes climaticas, tanto quanto possivel, nas suas acc;oes e politicas so ciais, econ6rnicas e arnbientais relevantes e em pregar os metodos apropriados, por exemplo a avaliac;ao de irnpactes, formulados e definidos a nivel nacional, tendo em vista rninimizar os efeitos adversos na econornia, na saude publica e na qualidade do arnbiente dos projectos ou rnedidas por eles tornados para mitigar ou adaptar as alterac;oes climaticas; g) Promover e cooperar na investigac;ao cientffica, tecnol6gica, tecnica, s6cio-econ6mica e outras, na observac;ao sistematica e no desenvolvimento de arquivos de dados relativos ao sistema cli matico e destinados a aumentar a compreensao e a reduzir ou elirninar as incertezas subsisten~ tes ·quanto as causas, efeitos, amplitude e di mensao temporal das alterac;oes climaticas e quanto as consequencias econ6micas e sociais das varias estrategias de resposta; h) Prornover e cooperar no intercambio total, aberto e rapido, de informac;ao cientifica, tec nol6gica, tecnica, s6do-econ6mica e legislativa relativa ao sistema climatico e as alterac;oes cli maticas e as consequencias econ6micas e sociais das varias estrategias de resposta; z) Promover e cooperar na educac;ao, formac;ao e informac;ao do publico relativa as alterac;oes climaticas e encorajar uma mais ampla partici pac;ao neste processo, incluindo a de organiza c;oes nao governamentais; e J) Comunicar a Conferencia das Partes a infor rnac;ao relativa a irnplernentac;ao, de acordo corn os termos do artigo 12. 0 2 - As Partes Contratantes constituidas por pafses desenvolvidos e as outras Partes, incluidas no anexo I, comprometem-se, especificarnente, segundo os termos seguintes: a) Cada urn a destas Partes devera. adoptar politi cas e tornar as medidas correspondentes para a mitigac;ao das alterac;oes climaticas, limitando as suas emissoes antropogenicas de gases de efeito de estufa e protegendo e desenvolvendo os seus surnidouros e reservat6rios de gases corn efeito de estufa. Estas politicas e medidas irao demonstrar que os paises desenvolvidos estao a tomar a lideranc;a na modificac;ao das tenden cias a longo prazo das emissoes antropogeni cas, de uma maneira consistente corn o objec tivo desta Convenc;ao, reconhecendo que o retorno, no final desta decada, aos niveis an teriores de ernissoes antropogenicas de di6xido de carbono e de outros gases corn efeito de es tufa nao controlados pelo Protocolo de Mon treal ira contribuir para tal rnodificac;ao e tendo em conta as diferenc;as entre as Partes quanto aos pontos de partida e rnodos de encarar o problema, as estruturas econ6micas e os recur sos de base, a necessidade de manter um forte e sustentavel crescimento econ6mico, as tecno logias disponiveis e outras condicionantes indi viduais, assim como a necessidade de contribu tos apropriados e equitativos de cada uma das Partes, nurn esforc;o global para alcanc;ar esse objectivo. Estas Partes podern desenvolver es sas politicas e medidas juntamente corn outras Partes e podem ajudar outras Partes a contri buir para o alcance do objectivo da Conven c;ao, especialmente o desta alinea; b) Para promover o progresso em direcc;ao a este objectivo, cada uma destas Partes devera co municar, num prazo de seis meses a partir da entrada em vigor desta Convenc;ao e depois, pe riodicamente e nos termos do artigo 12. 0 , in formac;ao detalhada sobre as suas politicas e medidas ref eridas na alinea a) supra, assirn corno sobre as suas protecc;oes de emissoes an tropogenicas por fontes e rernoc;oes por surni douros dos gases corn efeito de estufa nao con trolados pelo Protocolo de Montreal durante o periodo ref erido na alinea a), corn o objectivo de regressarem, individual ou conjuntamente, aos niveis de 1990 destas ernissoes antropoge nicas de di6xido de carbono e de outros gases corn ef eito de estufa nao controlados pelo Pro tocolo de Montreal. Esta inforrnac;ao sera es tudada pela Conferencia das Partes, na sua pri rneira sessac;,, e depois, periodicamente, de acordo corn os termos do artigo 7. 0 ; c) Os calculos das ernissoes a partir das fontes e as remoc;oes pelos surnidouros dos gases corn gg 34 JUJ- 1999 If: s FJ 21 a efeito de estufa, nos termos da alinea b) supra, devem ter em conta os melhores conhecimen tos cientificos disponiveis, incluindo a capaci dade ef ectiva dos sumidouros e a contribui<;iio respectiva desses gases para as altera<;oes clima ticas. A Conferencia das Partes, na sua pri . meira sessao, devera considerar e acordar as metodologias para ef ectuar esses calculos e, subsequentemente, reve-las periodicamente; d) Na sua primeira sessiio, a Conferencia das Par tes devera rever a adequa<;iio das alineas a) e b) supra. Tais revisoes seriio levadas a cabo a luz da melhor informa<;iio cientifica disponivel e da melhor avalia<;iio sobre as altera<;oes cli maticas e seus impactes, assim como da rele vante informa<;iio tecnica, social e econ6mica. Com base nessa revisiio, a Conferencia das Par tes devera tomar as ac<;oes apropriadas, as quais poderiio incluir a adop<;iio de emendas aos compromissos definidos nas alineas a) e b) supra. Na sua primeira sessiio, a Conferencia das Partes tambem devera tomar decisoes rela tivamente aos criterios da implementa<;iio con~ junta, como se indica na alinea a) supra. A se gunda revisiio das alineas a) e b) devera realizar-se, o mais tardar, ate 31 de Dezembro de 1998 e, subsequentemente, em intervalos re gulares, a determinar pela Conferencia das Par tes, ate atingir o objectivo desta Conven<;iio; e) Cada uma destas Partes devera: 1) Coordenar, de forma apropriada, corn ou tras Partes, os instrumentos econ6micos e administrativos relevantes desenvolvidos para alcan<;ar1 o objectivo da Conven<;iio; e ii) Identificar e rever, periodicamente, as suas politicas e pr~ticas que encoragem activi dades que conduzam a maiores niveis de emissoes antropogenicas de gases corn efeito de estufa niio controlados pelo Pro tocolo de Montreal que venham, porven tura, a ocorrer; j) 0 mais tardar ate 31 de Dezembro de 1998, a Conferencia das Partes devera rever a informa <;iio disponivel, corn o objectivo de tomar, quando apropriado, decisoes relativas as emen das a lista constante dos anexos I e II, corn a aprova<;iio da Parte interessada; g) Qualquer Parte niio incluida no anexo I pode, no seu instrumento de ratifica<;ao, aceita<;ao, aprova<;iio ou acessiio, ou em qualquer momento posterior, notificar o depositario de que se ten ciona obrigar segundo os termos das alineas a) e b) supra. 0 depositario devera inf ormar os ou tros signatarios e Partes de tal notifica<;ao. 3 - As Partes Contratantes constituidas por paises desenvolvidos e outras Partes desenvolvidas incluidas no anexo II deverao providenciar novos e adicionais re cursos financeiros globais para satisfazer os custos acor dados a suportar pelas Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento no cumprimento das suas obriga <;6es nos termos do paragrafo 1 do artigo 12. 0 Tam bem deverao fornecer os recursos financeiros, inclusive para a transferencia de tecnologia, necessarios as Par tes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento para po derem suportar a totalidade dos custos adicionais acor dados para a aplica<;ao das medidas contempladas no paragrafo I deste artigo e que sejam acordados entre 3127 uma Parte constituida por um pais em desenvolvimento e a entidade ou entidades internacionais referidas no artigo 11. 0 , de acordo corn os termos desse artigo. A implementa<;ao destes compromissos devera ter em conta a necessidade de adequa<;ao e de previsibilidade do fluxo de fundos e da importancia de uma reparti <;iio apropriada de encargos entre as Partes constitui das por paises desenvolvidos. 4 - As Partes dos paises desenvolvidos e outras Par tes desenvolvidas incluidas no anexo II tambem deve riio ajudar as Partes constituidas por paises em desen volvimento, que sao particularmente vulneraveis aos efeitos adversos das altera<;oes climaticas, a suportarem os custos da adapta<;iio a esses efeitos adversos. 5 - As Partes dos paises desenvolvidos e outras Par tes desenvolvidas, incluidas no anexo II, deverao tomar todas as etapas possiveis para promover, facilitar e fi nanciar, quando apropriado, a transferencia de, ou o acesso a, tecnologias ambientalmente sas e know-how as outras Partes, particularmente as Partes constitui das por paises em desenvolvimento, para lhes permitir a implementa<;ao das disposi<;oes da Conven<;ao. Neste processo, as Partes constituidas por paises desenvolvi dos deveriio suportar o desenvolvimento e o incremento de capacidades end6genas e de tecnologias das Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento. As outras Partes e organiza<;oes que se achem em posi<;ao de o fazer deveriio tambem contribuir, facilitando a trans ferencia de tais tecnologias. 6 - Na implementa<;iio dos seus compromissos, nos termos do paragrafo 2 acima, sera permitido, pela Con ferencia das Partes, um certo grau de flexibilidade as Partes incluidas no anexo r que estejam num processo de transi<;iio para a economia de mercado, de modo a melhorar a capacidade dessas Partes no relativo as altera<;oes climaticas, incluindo o tomar-se em consi dera<;ao valores hist6ricos, considerados como referen da, das emissoes antropogenicas de gases corn efeito de estufa niio controlados pelo Protocolo de Montreal. 7 - 0 grau de implementa<;ao ef ectiva dos seus com promissos, nos termos da Conven<;ao, pelas Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento dependera da implementa<;iio efectiva pelas Partes constituidas por paises desenvolvidos dos seus compromissos, nos ter mos da Conven<;ao, relacionados corn os recursos fi nanceiros e transferencia de tecnologia e tera totalmente em considera<;iio o desenvolvimento econ6mico e social e a erradica<;ao da pobreza como objectivos absoluta mente prioritarios das Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento. 8 - Na implementa<;ao dos compromissos deste ar tigo, as Partes dariio a sua aten<;ao plena as ac<;oes ne cessarias, ao abrigo da Conven<;iio, incluindo as ac<;oes relativas a financiamentos, seguros ea transferencia de tecnologia, para satisfazer as necessidades e as preo cupa<;oes especificas das Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento que decorram dos efeitos adver sos das altera<;oes climaticas e ou do impacte da im plementa<;ao de medidas de resposta, em particular: a) Pequenos paises insulares; b) Paises corn areas costeiras baixas; c) Paises corn zonas aridas e semiaridas, areas flo restais e areas sujeitas a degrada<;iio florestal; d) Paises corn areas propensas a catastrofes natu rais; e) Paises corn areas sujeitas a secas e a desertifi ca<;iio; j) Paises corn areas onde existe uma elevada po lui<;iio atmosferica urbana; g) Paises corn areas contendo ecossistemas frageis, incluindo ecossistemas montanhosos; 3128 · BOLETIM OFICIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34 - 23-8-/999 h) Paises cujas economias estao altamente depen dentes de recitas geradas a partir da producao, processamento e exportacao, e ou do consumo de combustiveis f6sseis e associados a produ tos de energia intensiva; e 1) Paises interiores e de passagem. Alem disso, a Conferencia das Partes pode tomar as accoes apropriadas relativamente a este paragrafo. 9 - Nas suas accoes relativas ao financiamento e a transferencia de tecnologia, as Partes deverao ter ple namente em conta as necessidades especificas e as si tuacoes especiais dos paises menos desenvolvidos. 10 - Na implementacao dos compromissos da Con vencao e de acordo corn os termos do artigo 10. 0 , as Partes deverao ter em consideracao a situacao daque las Partes, particularmente das constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento, cujas economias sao vulneraveis aos efeitos adversos da implementacao das medidas de resposta as alteracoes climaticas. Isto aplica-se, nomea damente, as Partes cujas economias sao altamente de pendentes de receitas geradas a partir da producao, pro cessamento e exportacao, e ou do consumo de combustiveis f6sseis e associados a produtos de ener gia intensiva, e ou da utilizacao de combustiveis f6s seis relativamente aos quais essas Partes tern serias di ficuldades em mudar para fontes alternativas. Artigo 5. 0 lnvestiga~io e observa~io sistemalica Na implementacao dos seus compromissos, nos ter rnos da alinea g) do paragrafo 1 do artigo 4. 0 , as Par tes deverao: a) Apoiar e desenvolver, de forma apropriada, programas e redes ou organizacoes internacfo nais e intergovernamentais cujos objectivos sao a definicao, a conducao, a avaliacao e o finan ciamento da investigacao, da recolha de dados e da observacao sistematica, tendo em conta a necessidade de minimizar a duplicacao de es forcos; b) Apoiar os esforcos internacionais e intergover namentais para reforcar a observacao sistema tica e as capacidades de investigacao cientifica e tecnica nacionais, particularmente nos paises em desenvolvimento, e prornover o acesso e o intercambio de dados e de analises obtidos a partir de zonas situadas fora das jurisdieoes na cionais; e c) Ter em conta as preocupacoes e as necessida des particulares dos paises em desenvolvimento e cooperar na melhoria das suas capacidades end6genas para participar nos esforcos · mencio nados nas alineas a) e b) acima. Artigo 6. 0 Educa~io, fonna~io e lnfonna~o do publlco Na implementacao dos seus compromissos, ao abrigo da alinea 1) do paragrafo 1 do artigo 4. 0 , as Partes de verao: a) Promover e facilitar, aos niveis nacional e, quando apropriado, sub-regional e regional, de acordo corn as leis e regulamentos nacionais e segundo as suas capacidades respectivas: 1) 0 desenvolvimento e a implementacao de programas de educacao e de in(ormacao do publico sobre as alteracoes climaticas e seus efeitos; i1) 0 acesso do publico a informacao sobre as alteracoes climaticas e seus efeitos; iii) A participacao do publico nas medidas de combate as alteracoes clirnaticas e seus ef eitos e no desenvolvimento de respos tas adequadas; e iv) A forrnacao de pessoal cientifico, tecnico e de gestao; b) Cooperar e prornover, a nivel internacional e, quando possivel, utilizando organisrnos exis tentes: 1) 0 desenvolvirnento e o intercambio de material educativo e de informacao do publico sobre as alteracoes clirnaticas e seus efeitos; e i1) 0 desenvolvirnento e a irnplernentacao de programas de educacao e de formacao, incluindo o reforco das instituicoes nacio nais e do intercambio ou do apoio de pessoal para forrnar peritos neste domi nio, especialrnente nos paises em desen volvimento. Artigo 7. 0 Confer!ncia das Partes 1 - Urna Conferencia das Partes e aqui estabelecida. 2 - A Conferencia das Partes, como 6rgao supremo da Convencao, devera examinar regularmente a imple mentacao da Convencao e quaisquer instrumentos Ie gais corn ela relacionados que a Conferencia das Par tes possa vir a adoptar e devera tomar, nos terrnos do seu rnandato, as decisoes necessarias para prornover a implementacao efectiva da Convencao. Para tal, de vera: a) Examinar periodicamente as obrigacoes das Partes e os acordos institucionais realizados ao abrigo desta Convencao e examinar tambem a luz dos objectivos da Convencao, a experien cia adquirida na sua implementacao e a evolu cao dos conhecimentos cientificos e tecno16 gicos; b) Prornover e facilitar o intercambio de informa coes sobre as rnedidas adoptadas pelas Partes relacionadas corn as alteracoes climaticas e seus efeitos, tendo em conta os diferentes condicio narneiltos, responsabilidades e capacidades das Partes e dos seus respectivos comprornissos ao abrigo da Convencao; c) Facilitar, a pedido de duas ou rnais Partes, a coordenacao de rnedidas por elas adoptadas re lacionadas corn as alteracoes clirnaticas e seus ef eitos, tendo em con ta as diferentes condicio nantes, responsabilidades e capacidades das Partes e dos seus respectivos compromissos ao abrigo da Convencao; d) Prornover e orientar, de acordo corn o objec tivo e corn as disposicoes da Convencao, o de senvolvirnento e o melhorarnento peri6dico de metodologias cornparaveis, a serem acordadas pela Conferencia das Partes, inter alia, para preparar inventarios sobre as emissoes pelas ff(H4 JUI- 1999 1f. 8 fa.I 23 B fontes de gases corn efeito de estufa e sobre a sua remocao pelos sumidouros e para avaliar a eficacia das medidas destinadas a limitar as emissoes e a melhorar a remocao desses gases; e) Avaliar, corn base em toda a informacao dis ponivel de acordo corn as disposicoes da Con vencao, a implementacao da Convencao pelas Partes, os ef eitos globais das medidas tomadas ao abrigo da Convencao, em particular os efei tos ambientais, econ6micos e sociais, assim como os seus impactes cumulativos, e em que medida estao a ser realizados progressos para atingir os objectivos da Convencao; f) Considerar e adoptar relat6rios regulares sobre a implementacao da Convencao e assegurar a sua publicacao; g) Fazer recomendacoes sobre quaisquer materias necessarias para a implementacao da Con vencao; h) Procurar mobilizar recursos financeiros, de acordo corn os paragrafos 3, 4 e 5 do artigo 4. 0 e corn o artigo 11. 0 ; z) Criar os 6rgaos subsidiarios que sejam consi derados necessarios para a implementacao da Convencao; J) Examinar os relat6rios apresentados pelos 6r gaos subsidiarios e proporcionar-lhes directivas; k) Acordar e adoptar, por consenso, regras pro cessuais e financeiras para si e para os seus 6r gaos subsidiarios; l) Procurar e utilizar, quando apropriado, os ser vicos e a cooperacao, assim como a informa cao proporcionada por organizacoes internacio~ nais e intergovernamentais e organizacoes nao governamentais competentes; e m) Exercer outras funcoes que sejam necessarias para alcancar o objectivo da Convencao, assim como todas as funcoes que lhe foram atribui das ao abrigo da Convencao. Artigo 8. 0 Estabelecimento do Secretariado I - 0 Secretariado e aqui estabelecido. 2 - As funcoes do Secretariado serao: a) Preparar as sessoes da Conferencia das Partes e dos seus 6rgaos subsidiarios criados pela Con vencao e proporcionar-lhes os servicos solici tados; b) Compilar e transmitir os relat6rios que lhe fo rem submetidos; c) Assistir as Partes, particularmente as dos pai ses em desenvolvimento, quando solicitado, na compilacao e comunicacao da informacao re querida de acordo corn as disposicoes da Con vencao; d) Preparar os relat6rios sobre as suas actividades e apresenta-los a Conferencia das Partes; e) Assegurar a necessaria coordenacao corn os se cretariados de outros 6rgaos internacionais re levantes; f) Empenhar-se, sob a orientacao da Conferencia das Partes, nas disposicoes administrativas e contratuais que possam ser requeridas para o efectivo cumprimento das suas funcoes; e g) Realizar · as outras funcoes de secretariado es pecificadas na Convencao e em qualquer dos 3129 seus protocolos e tambem aquelas que possam ser determinadas pela Conferencia das ·Partes. 3 - A Conferencia das Partes, na sua primeira ses sao, designara um secretariado permanente e tomara as disposicoes necessarias para o seu funcionamento. Artigo 9. 0 Orgio subsidiario de consulta cientifica e tecnologica 1 - E criado um 6rgao subsidiario de consulta cien tifica e tecnol6gica para facultar a Conferencia das Par tes e, quando apropriado, aos outros 6rgaos subsidia rios informacao e opinioes atempadas sobre assuntos cientificos e tecnol6gicos relativos a Convencao. Este 6rgao estara aberto a participacao de todas as J:>artes e devera ser multidisciplinar. Devera compreender re presentantes dos governos competentes no dominio re levante de peritagem. Devera enviar relat6rios regula res a Conferencia das Partes sobre todos os aspectos do seu trabalho. 2 - Sob a orientacao da Conferencia das Partes e apoiando-se nos competentes 6rgaos internacionais exis tentes, este 6rgao devera: a) Fornecer avaliacoes sobre o estado do conhe cimento cientifico relativo as alteracoes clima ticas e aos seus efeitos; b) Preparar avaliacoes cientificas sobre os efeitos das medidas tomadas para a implementacao da Convencao; c) ldentificar tecnologias inovadoras, eficazes e ac tualizadas e know-how e aconselhar sobre as formas e meios de se promover o desenvolvi mento e ou a transferencia de tais tecnologias; d) Orientar sobre programas cientificos e de coo peracao internacional em investigacao e desen volvimento relacionados corn as alteracoes cli maticas, assim como sobre as formas end6genas e os meios de apoiar o aumento das capacida des nos paises em desenvolvimento; e e) Dar resposta as perguntas de natureza cienti fica, tecnol6gica e metodol6gica que a Conf e rencia das Partes ou os seus 6rgaos subsidia rios !he possam colocar. 3 - As funcoes e os termos de referencia deste 6r gao podem ainda ser objecto de uma maior especifica cao por parte da Conferencia das Partes. Artigo 10. 0 Orgio subsidiario de implementas:ao 1 - E criado um 6rgao subsidiario de implementa cao para assistir a Conferencia das Partes na avalia cao e no exame da implementacao efectiva da Conven cao. Este 6rgao estara aberto a participacao de todas as Partes e compreendera representantes dos governos que sejam peritos em assuntos relativos as alteracoes climaticas. Devera enviar a Conferencia das Partes re lat6rios regulares sobre todos os aspectos da sua acti vidade. 2 - Sob a orientacao da Conferencia das Partes, este 6rgao devera: a) Considerar a informacao comunicada ao abrigo do paragrafo 1 do artigo 12. 0 para avaliar o efeito cumulativo global dos passos dados pe 3130 BOLETIM OFICIAL DE MACAU- I SERIE N. 0 34-,- 23-8-1999 las Partes, a luz das mais recentes avaliacoes cientificas relativas as alteracoes climaticas; b) Considerar a informacao comunicada ao abrigo do para.grafo 2 do artigo 12. 0 , de modo a apoiar a Conf erencia das Partes no exame re querido pela alfnea d) do paragrafo 2 do ar tigo 4. 0 ; e c) Dar assistencia a Conferencia das Partes, quando apropriado, na preparacao e na imple mentacao das suas decisoes. Artigo 11. 0 Mecanismo financeiro 1 - Fica aqui definido um mecanismo para a pro visao de recursos financeiros numa base de doa9ao ou de concessao, incluindo a transferencia de tecnologia. Devera funcionar sob a direccao da Conferencia das Partes e ser responsavel perante ela, devendo esta de cidir sobre as suas politicas, programas prioritarios e criterios elegiveis relativos a esta Convencao. A sua ges tao sera confiada a uma ou mais das entidades inter nacionais existentes. 2 - 0 mecanismo financeiro devera. possuir uma re presentacao equitativa e equilibrada de todas as Par tes, dentro de um sistema de gestao transparente. 3 - A Conf erencia das Partes e a entidade ou enti dades incumbidas da gestao do mecanismo financeiro deverao acordar sobre as modalidades destinadas a efectivar as disposicoes dos paragrafos anteriores, as quais deverao incluir o seguinte: a) As modalidades para garantir que os projectos financiados relacionados corn as alteracoes cli ma.ticas estejam em conformidade corn as po liticas, programas prioritarios e criterios elegi veis determinados pela Conferencia das Partes; b) As modalidades segundo as quais uma dada de cisao de financiamento pode ser reconsiderada a luz dessas polf ticas, programas prioritarios e criterios elegiveis; c) Apresentacao a · Conf erencia das Partes, pela entidade ou entidades, de relat6rios regulares sobre as suas operacoes de financiamento, o que se enquadra na disposicao de responsabili dade definida no para.grafo 1 acima; e d) Determinacao, de um modo previsivel e identi ficavel, dos montantes necessarios e disponiveis para o financiamento da. implementacao desta Convencao e as condicoes segundo as quais tais montantes serao periodicamente revistos. 4 - Na sua primeira sessao, a Conferencia das Par tes devera. tomar as medidas necessarias para implemen tar as disposicoes anteriores, revendo e tendo em conta as medidas provis6rias referidas no paragrafo 3 do ar tigo 21. 0 , e devera tambem decidir se estas medidas de verao ser mantidas. Num prazo de quatro anos a Con ferencia das Partes devera rever o mecanismo financeiro e tomar as medidas apropriadas. 5 - As Partes constituidas por paises desenvolvidos tambem poderao disponibilizar e as Partes constituidas por paises em desenvolvimento poderao beneficiar de recursos financeiros relativos a implementacao desta Convencao atraves de canais bilaterais, regionais e ou tros multilaterais. Artigo 12. 0 Comunica~iio e informa\:iio relativa a implementa\:io 1 - De acordo corn o paragrafo 1 do artigo 4. 0 , cada Parte devera comunicar a Conferencia das Par tes, atraves do Secretariado, os seguintes elementos in formativos: a) Um inventario nacional das emissoes antropo genicas por fontes e das remocoes pelos semi douros de todos os gases de efeito de estufa nao controlados pelo Protocolo de Montreal, na medida das suas capacidades, utilizando meto dologias comparaveis a serem promovidas e acordadas pela Conferencia das Partes; · b) Uma descricao geral das etapas tomadas ou vi sionadas pela Parte para implementar a Con vencao; e . . c) Qualquer outra informacao que a Parte consi dere ser relevante para o alcance dos objecti vos da Convencao e deseje ser incluida na sua comunicacao, incluindo, se possivel, a materia relevante para o calculo das tendencias das emissoes globais. 2 - Cada Parte constituida por um pais desenvol vido e cada uma das Partes incluidas no anexo I dc verao incluir, na sua comunicacao, os seguintes elemen tos informativos: a) Uma descricao pormenorizada das politicas e das medidas que adoptou para implementar o seu compromisso ao abrigo das alineas a) e b) do paragrafo 2 do artigo 4. 0 ; e b) Uma estimativa especifica dos efeitos que as po liticas e as medidas referidas na alinea a) acima irao ter sobre as emissoes antropogenicas por fontes e sobre a remocao pelos sumidouros dos gases de efeito de estufa durante o periodo re ferido na alinea a) do paragrafo 2 do ar tigo 4. 0 3 - Alem disso, cada Parte constituida por um pais desenvolvido e cada outra Parte desenvolvida incluidas no anexo II deverao incluir pormenores sobre as me didas tomadas de acordo corn os paragrafos 3, 4 e 5 do artigo 4. 0 4 -:- As Partes constituidas por paises em desenvol vimento podem, numa base voluntaria, propor projec tos para financiamento, incluindo tecnologias especifi cas, materiais, equipamento, tecnicas ou praticas que sejam necessarias para implementar tais projectos, acompanhados, se possivel, de uma estimativa de to dos os custos incrementais, das reducoes das emissoes e dos aumentos da remocao de gases corn efeito de es tufa, assim como de uma estimativa dos beneficios re sultantes. 5 - Cada Parte constituida por um pais desenvol vido e cada uma das Partes incluidas no anexo I de vera realizar a sua comunicacao inicial num prazo de seis meses a partir da entrada em vigor da Convencao relativamente a essa Parte. Cada Parte que nao per tenca a lista acima definida devera fazer a sua comu nicacao inicial num prazo de tres anos a partir da en trada em vigor da Convencao para essa Parte ou a partir da disponibilizacao dos recursos financeiros, de acordo corn o paragrafo 3 do artigo 4. 0 As Partes constituidas pelos paises menos desenvolvidos podem fazer a sua comunicacao inicial quando lhes aprouver. #f34M-1999.if.Bf123 8 A f requencia das comunicacoes subsequentes por to das as Partes sera determinada pela Conferencia das Partes, tendo em conta o agendamento diferenciado es tabelecido neste paragrafo. 6 - A informacao comunicada pelas Partes ao abrigo deste artigo sent transmitida pelo Secretariado, o mais cedo possivel, a Conferencia das Partes e a qualquer dos 6rgaos subsidiarios. Se necessario, os pro cessos de comunicacao de informaclio poderlio ser alvo de um estudo mais aprofundado pela Conferencia das Partes. 7 - A partir da sua primeira sessao, a Conferencia das Partes devera tomar as medidas necessarias para fornecer, a seu pedido, as Partes constituidas por pai ses em desenvolvimento os apoios tecnicos e financei ros para a compilaclio e para a comunicaclio de infor maclio nos termos deste artigo, assim como para identificar as necessidades tecnicas e financeiras asso ciadas aos projectos propostos e as medidas de resposta previstos no artigo 4. 0 Tai apoio pode ser facultado por outras Partes por organizacoes internacionais com petentes e pelo Secretariado, consoante o que for apro priado. 8 - Qualquer grupo de Partes pode, sujeito as li nhas orientadoras adoptadas pela Conferencia das Par tes e a sua notificaclio previa, fazer uma comunicaclio conjunta para cumprimento das suas obrigacoes nos termos deste artigo, desde que ta! comuicaclio inclua informaclio sobre o cumprimento, por cada uma das Partes, das suas obrigacoes individuais nos tennos desta Convenclio. 9 - A informaclio recebida pelo Secretariado que seja designada como confidencial por uma Parte, de acordo corn os criterios a estabelecer pela Conferencia das Partes, sera agregada pelo Secretariado para pro teger a sua natureza confidencial antes de ser colocada a disposiclio de qualquer dos 6rglios envolvidos na co municaclio e no exame da informaclio. 10 - Sujeito aos termos do paragrafo 9 acima e sem prejuizo da capacidade de qualquer Parte para f azer a sua comunicacao em qualquer momento, o Secreta riado devera tornar publicas, nos termos deste artigo, as comunicacoes das Partes no momento em que estas forem apresentadas a Conferencia das Partes. Artigo 13. 0 Resolu\:io de questoes relativas a lmplementa~io da Conven~io Na sua primeira sesslio, a Conferencia das Partes de vera considerar o estabelecimento de um processo con sultivo multilateral, acessivel as Partes, a seu pedido, para a resoluclio de questoes relativas a implementa clio da Convencao. Artigo 14.0 Resolu\:io de conrutos 1 - Caso haja um conflito entre duas ou mais Par tes relativamente a interpretaclio ou a aplicacao da Convenclio, as Partes interessadas deverlio procurar resolve-lo atraves da negociaclio ou de qualquer outro meio pacifico da sua pr6pria escolha. 2 - Ao ratificar, aceitar, aprovar ou aceder a Con venclio, ou em qualquer momento posterior, uma Parte que nlio seja uma organizaclio de integraclio econ6mica regional pode declarar, em instrumento escrito apresen tado ao depositario, que, relativamente a qualquer con 3131 flito relativo a interpretaclio ou a aplicaclio da Con venclio, reconhece como compuls6ria ipso facto e sem qualquer acordo especial relativamente a qualquer Parte que aceite a mesma obrigaclio: a) A submisslio do conflito ao Tribunal Interna cional de Justica; e ou b) A arbitragem, de acordo corn os procedimen tos a serem adoptados, logo que passive!, pela Conferencia das Partes e que estarlio presentes num anexo relativo a arbitragem. Uma Parte que seja uma organizacao de integraclio econ6mica regional pode f azer uma declaraclio para o mesmo ef eito, relativamente a arbitragem, de acordo corn os termos referidos na alinea b) supra. 3 - A declaraclio feita ao abrigo do paragrafo 2 su pra manter-se-a em vigor ate que expire segundo os seus termos ou no prazo de tres meses depois de a notifica clio escrita de revogaclio ter sido entregue ao deposi tario. 4 - Uma nova declaraclio, uma notificaclio de re vogaclio ou a expiraclio da declaraclio nlio tera qual quer efeito sobre os processos pendentes perante o Tri bunal Internacional de Justica ou perante o tribunal de arbitragem, a nlio ser que as Partes em conflito deci dam diversamente. 5 - Sujeito aos termos do paragrafo 2 supra, se fo rem decorridos 12 meses sobre a notificaclio por uma das Partes a outra de que existe um conflito entre elas e que as Partes envolvidas nlio tenham conseguido so lucionar esse conflito pelos meios referidos no para grafo 1, a questlio sera, a pedido de qualquer das Par tes, submetida a conciliaclio. 6 - A comisslio de conciliaclio sera criada mediante o pedido de uma das Partes no conflito. A comisslio sera composta por um numero igual de membros no meados por cada uma das Partes interessadas e por um presidente escolhido conjuntamente pelos membros no meados por cada uma das Partes. A comisslio fara uma recomendaclio, a qua! sera considerada como sendo de boa fe pelas Partes. 7 - A Conferencia das Partes devera adoptar, logo que possivel, outros processos relativos a conciliaclio num anexo sobre a conciliaclio. 8 - As disposicoes deste artigo serlio aplicaveis a qualquer instrumento legal que a Conferencia das Par tes possa vir a adoptar, a nlio ser que esse instrumento determine de outra forma. Artigo 15. 0 Emendas i Conven~io 1 - Qualquer Parte pode propor emendas a Con venclio. 2 - As emendas a Convenclio serlio adoptadas em sesslio ordinaria da Conferencia das Partes. 0 texto de qualquer proposta de emenda a Convenclio sera comu nicado as Partes pelo Secretariado pelo menos seis me ses antes da sessao na qua! sera proposta a sua adop cao. 0 Secretariado tambem devera comunicar as propostas de emendas aos signatarios da Convenclio e, para informaclio, ao depositario. 3 - As Partes farlio todos os esforcos para conse guir chegar, por consenso, a um acordo sobre qualquer emenda proposta. Uma vez esgotados todos os esfor cos para se conseguir o consenso sem que a emenda tenha sido adoptada, esta, como ultimo recurso, seni adoptada por uma maioria de tres quartos dos votos 3132 BOLETIM OFIC/AL DE MACr!.U-1 SERIE N. 0 34 -23-8-1999 das Partes presentes e votantes na sessao. A emenda adoptada sera comunicada pelo Secretariado ao depo sitario, o qual devera distribuf-la as Partes para acei tacao. 4 - Os instrumentos de aceitacao relativos a uma emenda serao depositados junto do depositario. Uma emenda adoptada de acordo corn os termos do para grafo 3 supra entrara em vigor, para aquelas Partes que a aceitaram, no 90. 0 dia ap6s a data de recepcao pelo depositario de um instrumento de aceitacao de pelo me nos tres quartos das Partes da Convencao. 5 - A emenda entrara em vigor para qualquer ou tra Parte no 90. 0 dia ap6s a data em que essa Parte depositou junto do depositario o seu instrumento de aceitacao da referida emenda. 6 - Para os efeitos deste artigo, «as Partes presen tes e votantes» significa as Partes presentes e que vo tam afirmativa ou negativamente. Artigo 16. 0 Adops;iio e emendas aos anexos da Convens;iio 1 - Os anexos a Convencao serao parte integrante dela; a nao ser que diversamente especificado, uma re ferenda a Convencao constitui, ao mesmo tempo, uma referenda a quaisquer anexos a ela. Sem prejufzo das disposicoes da alinea b) do paragrafo 2 e do para grafo 7 do artigo 14. 0 , tais anexos limitar-se-ao a lis tas, formularios e qualquer outro material de natureza descritiva que tenha um caracter cientifico, tecnico, pro cessual ou administrativo. 2 - Os anexos a Convencao serao propostos e adop tados segundo o processo estabelecido nos paragra fos 2, 3 e 4 do artigo 15. 0 3 - Um anexo que tenha sido adoptado de acordo corn o paragrafo 2 supra entrara em vigor para todas as Partes da Convencao seis meses depois da data da comunicacao pelo depositario as Partes da adopcao desse anexo, corn excepcao daquelas Partes que tenham notificado o depositario, por escrito, dentro desse prazo, da nao aceitacao do anexo. 0 anexo entrara em vigor para as Partes que tenham retirado a sua notifi cacao de nao aceitacao no 90. 0 dia ap6s a data em que ta! notificacao de retirada de nao aceitacao tenha sido recebida pelo depositario. 4 - A proposta, a adopeao e a entrada em vigor das emendas aos anexos a Convencao estarao sujeitas ao mesmo processo utilizado para a proposta, aprovacao e entrada em vigor dos anexos a Convencao, nos ter mos dos panigrafos 2 e 3 supra. 5 - Se a adopcao de um anexo ou de uma emenda a um anexo implicar uma emenda a Convencao, esse anexo ou emenda a um anexo s6 entrarao em vigor no momenta em que a emenda a Convencao entre em vigor. Artigo 17. 0 Protocolos 1 - A Conferencia das Partes pode, em qualquer sessao ordinaria, adoptar protocolos para a Convencao. 2 - 0 texto de qualquer protocolo proposto sera co municado as Partes, pelo Secretariado, pelo menos seis meses antes de tal sessao. · 3 - Os requisitos para a entrada em vigor de qual quer protocolo serao estabelecidos pelo pr6prio instru mento. 4 - S6 as Partes da Convencao podem ser Partes num protocolo. 5 - As decisoes ao abrigo de qualquer protocolo s6 poderao ser tomadas pelas Partes nesse protocolo. Artigo 18. 0 Direito de voto 1 - Cada Parte da Convencao tera direito a um voto, e xcepto nos casos previstos n·o paragrafo 2 abaixo. 2 - Em assuntos que sejam da sua competencia, as organizacoes de integracao econ6mica regional deverao exercer o seu direito de voto corn um numero de vo tos igual ao numero dos seus Estados membros que se jam Partes da Convencao. Tal organizacao nao podera exercer o seu direito de voto se algum dos seus Esta dos membros exercer esse direito, e vice-versa. Artigo 19. 0 Deposltario O Secretario-Geral das Nacoes Unidas sera o depo sitario da Convencao e dos protocolos adoptados se gundo os termos do artigo 17. 0 Artigo 20. 0 Asslnatura Esta Convencao estara aberta para a assinatura pe los Estados membros das Nacoes Unidas, ou par qual quer das suas agendas especializadas ou pelos Estados Partes do Estatuto do Tribunal Internacional de Jus tica e pelas organizacoes de integracao econ6mica re gional, no Rio de Janeiro, durante a CNUAD, e de pois na sede das Nacoes Unidas, em Nova lorque, de 20 de Junho de 1992 a 19 de Junho de 1993. Artigo 21. 0 Disposls;iies provisorias 1 - As funcoes do Secretariado referidas no ar tigo 8. 0 serao desempenhadas, riuma base provis6ria, pelo Secretariado estabelecido pela Assembleia Geral das Nacoes Unidas na sua Resolucao n. 0 45/212, de 21 de Dezembro de 1990, ate ao termo da primeira ses sao da Conferencia das Partes. 2 - A chefia do Secretariado provis6rio referido no paragrafo 1 supra devera cooperar estreitamente corn o Paine! Intergovernamental sobre as Alteracoes Cli maticas para garantir que o Paine! possa responder a necessidade de haver conselhos cientificos e tecnicos ob jectivos. Tambem podem ser consultados outros 6rgaos cientificos relevantes. 3 - 0 Fundo para o Ambiente do Globo do Pro grama das Nacoes Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, o Programa das Nacoes Unidas para o Ambiente e o Banco Internacional para a Reconstrucao e Desenvol vimento serao, numa base provis6ria, a entidade inter nacional encarregada da gestao do mecanismo finan ceiro referido no artigo 11. 0 Neste contexto o Fundo para o Ambiente do Globo deveria ser apropriadamente reestruturado e o direito de associacao tornado univer sal para dar total cumprimento ao estabelecimento no artigo 11. 0 Artigo 22. 0 Ratiflcas;io, aceltas;io, aprovas;ao ou acessio 1 - A Convencao ficara sujeita a ratificacao, acei tacao, aprovacao ou acessao pelos Estados e pelas or ' fff§34 J{/J-1999 £/: 8 fJ 23 8 ganizacoes de integracao econ6mica regional. Estara aberta a acessao a partir do dia seguinte a data em que for encerrada a assinatura. Os instrumentos de ratifi cacao, aceitacao, aprovacao ou acessao serao deposi tados junto do depositario. 2 - Qualquer organizacao de integracao econ6mica regional que se tome Parte da Convencao sem que qualquer dos seus Estados membros seja Parte ficara ligada pelas obrigacoes resultantes da Convencao. No caso de um ou mais Estados membros dessa organiza cao serem Parte da Convencao, a organizacao e OS seus Estados membros deverao decidir sobre as suas respon sabilidades respectivas para o cumprimento das suas obrigacoes nos termos da Convencao. Em tais casos, a organizacao e os seus Estados membros nao pode rao exercer conj untamente os seus direitos ao abrigo da Convencao. 3 - Nos seus instrumentos de ratificacao, aceitacao, aprova9ao OU acessao, as Organiza9oes de integra9ao econ6mica regional deverao declarar a extensao das suas competencias relativamente aos assuntos regidos pela Convencao. Estas organizacoes deverao tambem informar o depositario, que por sua vez informara as Partes, de qualquer alteracao substancial na extensao das suas competencias. Artigo 23. 0 Entrada em vigor 1 - A Convencao entrara em vigor no 90. 0 dia ap6s a data do dep6sito do 50. 0 instrumento de ratificacao, aceitacao, aprovacao ou acessao. 2 - Para cada Estado ou organizacao de integracao econ6mica regional que ratifique, aceite ou aprove a Conveni;ao ou aceda a ela depois de ter sido deposi tado o 50. 0 instrumento de ratificai;ao, aceitacao, apro vai;ao OU acessao, a Convencao entrara em vigor no 90. 0 dia ap6s a data do dep6sito, por tal Estado ou organizai;ao de integrai;ao econ6mica regional, do seu instrumento de ratificai;ao, aceitai;ao, aprovacao ou acessao. 3 - Para os efeitos dos paragrafos 1 e 2 supra, qual quer instrumento depositado por uma organizai;ao de integrai;ao econ6mica regional nao sera contado como adicional aos instrumentos depositados pelos Estados membros da organizai;ao. Artigo 24. 0 Reservas Nao podem ser manifestadas reservas a Convencao. Artigo 25. 0 Retirada 1 - Decorridos tres anos a partir da data em que a Conveni;ao entrou em vigor para uma Parte, essa Parte pode, a qualquer momento, retirar-se da Con vencao mediante notificacao escrita ao depositario. 2 - Qualquer retirada produzira ef eito decorrido um ano sobre a data de recepcao, pelo depositario, da no tificai;ao de retirada ou em data posterior que possa ter sido especificada na notificai;ao de retirada. 3133 3 - Qualquer Parte que se retire da Convencao sera considerada como tendo-se tambem retirado de qual quer protocolo de que seja Parte. Artigo 26. 0 Textos autenticos 0 original desta Convencao, cujos textos em arabe, chines, ingles, frances, russo e espanhol sao igualmente autenticos, sera depositado junto do Secretario-Geral das Nacoes Unidas. Em virtude do que os abaixo assinados, devidamente autorizados para tal, assinaram esta Convencao. Feita em Nova lorque em 9 de Maio de 1992. ANEXO I Alernanha. Australia. Austria. Belarus (1). Belgica. Bulgaria (1). Canada. Checoslovaquia (1). Cornunidade Europeia. Dinarnarca. Espanha. Estados Unidos da America. Est6nia (1). Federaclio Russa (1). Finlandia. Franca. Grecia. Hungria (1). Irlanda. Islandia. Italia. Japao. Latvia (1). Lituania (1). Nova Zelandia. Noruega. Paises Baixos. Pol6nia (1). Portugal. Reino Unido da Gra-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte. Rornenia (1). Suecia. Su!ca. Turquia. Ucrania. ANEXO II Alemanha. Australia. Austria. Belgica. Canada. Comunidade Europeia. Dinarnarca. ·Espanha. Estados Unidos da America. Finlandia. Franca. Grecia. Irlanda. Islandia. Italia. Japlio. Luxemburgo. Nova Zelandia. Noruega. Paises Baixos. Portugal. Reino Unido da Gra-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte. Suecia. Suica. 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