National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines

1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (EMISSION) GUIDELINES CHAPTER I General Provisions Objective 1. These national Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (hereafter referred to as Guidelines) provide the basis for regulation and control of noise and vibration, air emissions, and liquid discharges from various sources in order to prevent pollution for purposes of protection of human and ecosystem health. Definitions 2. The expressions contained in these Guidelines shall have the same meanings as are assigned to them in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure. In addition thereto, the following expressions shall have the meanings given hereunder: (a) Ambient environmental guideline or standard means the allowable amount of substances, as a concentration of a contaminant in water or air, set to protect against anticipated adverse effects on the environment or human health. (b) Concentration means the quantity of a physical, chemical, biological or pathogenic substance in air or water with the dimension of mass per volume (or sometimes mass per mass) calculated according to a common measurement unit (e.g. milligram per liter). (c) Contaminant means any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter that may pose a potential harm to the environment or human health. (d) Effluent means wastewater, treated or untreated, that is discharged to surface waters from a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. (e) Guideline values are maximum concentrations or specified ranges of parameters that should not be exceeded in air emissions and liquid discharges. (f) Parameter means indicators used to measure the level or concentration (population density in case of biological pollutants) against guidelines or standards. The result of measurement could be shown in either numeric or textual form. (g) Point of compliance means the location on land or in water at which a given substance concentration must meet the applicable Guideline value. (h) Pollution means any direct or indirect alteration, effect of the physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties of any part of the environment including land, water and atmosphere by discharging, emitting, dispersing, or depositing hazardous substances or wastes so as to affect beneficial use of the environment, or to affect public health, safety or welfare. (i) Pollution prevention refers to the use of processes, practices, materials, products, substances or energy to avoid or minimize the creation of pollutants and waste, and reduce overall risk to the environment or human health. 2 Scope of Application 3. These Guidelines have been primarily excerpted from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, which provide technical guidance on good international industry pollution prevention practice for application in developing countries. The Guidelines are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of these Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. 4. Unless otherwise indicated, these Guidelines refer to emission sources, and are intended to prevent or minimize adverse impacts to environmental quality or human health by ensuring that pollutant concentrations do not reach or exceed ambient guidelines and standards. The Guidelines apply to projects that generate noise or air emissions, and / or that have either direct or indirect discharge of process water, wastewater from utility operations or storm water to the environment. 5. General and industry-specific Guidelines as set out in Annex 1 – Emissions Guidelines shall apply to any project subject to EIA Procedure, as adopted by the Ministry, in order to protect the environment and to control pollution in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. These Guidelines specifically apply to all project types listed in the EIA Procedure under ‘Categorization of Economic Activities for Assessment Purposes’ which sets out projects that are subject to EIA or initial environmental examination. 6. Provisions of the general and applicable industry-specific Guidelines shall be reflected in project environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental compliance certificate (ECC) and together constitute a project’s commitment to take necessary measures to avoid, minimize and control adverse impacts to human health and safety, and the environment through reducing the total amount of emissions generation; to adopting process modifications, including waste minimization to lower the load of pollutants requiring treatment; and as necessary, to apply treatment techniques to further reduce the load of contaminants prior to release or discharge. 7. Recognizing that these Guidelines are intended to prevent pollution through reducing the mass of pollutants emitted to the environment, dilution of air emissions and effluents to achieve maximum permitted values is not acceptable. Specified guideline values should be achieved, without dilution, at least 95 percent of the time that a project is operating, to be calculated as a proportion of annual operating hours. 8. Further reference should be made by projects to applicable industry-specific IFC EHS guidelines for advice on means of achieving guideline values set out in Annex 1. CHAPTER II Implementation Procedures 9. As specified in the EIA Procedure, all projects are obliged to use, comply with and refer to applicable national guidelines or standards or international standards adopted by the Ministry. These Guidelines will henceforth be applied by the Ministry in satisfying this requirement until otherwise modified or succeeded by other guidelines or standards. 10. As specified in the EIA Procedure, following project approval a project shall commence implementation strictly in accordance with the project EMP and any additional requirements set out in the project ECC, which will encompass conditions relating to 3 emissions. In this regard, the Ministry will require that projects adhere to general and applicable industry guidelines as set out in Annex 1. 11. While these Guidelines generally apply to all projects subject to the EIA Procedure, it is the prerogative of the Ministry to decide how the Guidelines should be applied to existing projects as referred to in the EIA Procedure, as distinguished from new projects. At the Ministry’s discretion less stringent levels or measures than provided for in these Guidelines may be specified as appropriate, and a timeframe agreed for a project to fully comply with these Guidelines. 12. As specified in the EIA Procedure, projects shall engage in continuous, proactive and comprehensive self monitoring of the project and comply with applicable guidelines and standards. For purposes of these Guidelines, projects shall be responsible for the monitoring of their compliance with general and applicable industry-specific Guidelines as specified in the project EMP and ECC. 13. Air emissions, noise, odor, and liquid / effluent discharges will be sampled and measured at points of compliance as specified in the project EMP and ECC. 4 Annex 1 Emission Guidelines 1.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES 1.1 Air Emissions Projects with significant sources of air emissions, and potential for significant impacts to ambient air quality, should prevent or minimize impacts by ensuring that: (i) emissions do not result in concentrations that reach or exceed national ambient quality guidelines and standards, or in their absence current World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines1 for the most common pollutants as summarized below; and (ii) emissions do not contribute a significant portion to the attainment of relevant ambient air quality guidelines or standards (i.e. not exceeding 25 percent of the applicable air quality standards) to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same air shed. Industry-specific guidelines summarized hereinafter shall be applied by all projects to ensure that air emissions conform to good industry practice. Reference should be made to WHO’s Air Quality Guidelines for Europe2 for air pollutants not included in the following table. Parameter Averaging Period Guideline Valueμg/m3 Nitrogen dioxide 1-year 1-hour 40 200 Ozone 8-hour daily maximum 100 Particulate matter PM10a 1-year 24-hour 20 50 Particulate matter PM2.5b 1-year 24-hour 10 25 Sulfur dioxide 24-hour 10-minute 20 500 a Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter b Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter The following small-combustion facilities emission guideline applies to project systems designed to deliver electrical or mechanical power, steam, heat, or any combination of these, regardless of fuel type, with a total, rated heat input capacity of 3-50 megawatt thermal. The industry-specific Thermal Power guideline applies to larger facilities exceeding 50 megawatt generation. Combustion Technology / Fuel Particulate matter PM10a Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Gas - 200b mg/Nm3c 400d mg/Nm3 1,600e mg/Nm3 1 Air quality guidelines global update. 2005. World Health Organization. 2 Air quality guidelines for Europe. 1997. WHO regional publications, European series No. 23. World Health Organization. 5 Liquid 100 3% 1,600-1,850f mg/Nm3 Natural gas (3-<15 MWg) - 90h mg/Nm3 210i mg/Nm3 Natural gas (15-<50 MW) - - 50 mg/Nm3 Fuels other than natural gas (3-<15 MW) 0.5% sulfur 200h mg/Nm3 310j mg/Nm3 Fuels other than natural gas (15-<50 MW) - 0.5% sulfur 150 mg/Nm 3 Gas - - 320 mg/Nm3 Liquid 150 mg/Nm3 2,000 mg/Nm3 460 mg/Nm3 Solidj 150 mg/Nm3 2,000 mg/Nm3 650 mg/Nm3 a Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter b Spark ignition; d dual fuel; e compression ignition c Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure f Higher value applies if bore size >400 mm g Megawatt h Electric generation; j mechanical drive j Includes biomass 1.2 Wastewater Industry-specific guidelines apply during the operations phase of projects and cover direct or indirect discharge of wastewater to the environment. They are also applicable to industrial discharges to sanitary (domestic) sewers that discharge to the environment without any treatment. Wastewater generated from project operations includes process wastewater, wastewater from utility operations, runoff from process and storage areas, and miscellaneous activities including wastewater from laboratories, and equipment maintenance shops. Projects with the potential to generate process wastewater, sanitary sewage, or storm water should incorporate the necessary precautions to avoid, minimize, and control adverse impacts to human health, safety or the environment. Industry-specific guidelines summarized hereinafter shall be applied by all projects, where applicable, to ensure that effluent emissions conform to good industry practice. For project types where industry-specific guidelines are not set out in these Guidelines, the following general guideline values, or as stipulated on a case-by-case basis, apply during project operations. Wastewater, Storm Water Runoff, Effluent and Sanitary Discharges (general application)3 Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Ammonia mg/l 10 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 3 Pollution prevention and abatement handbook. 1998. Toward cleaner production. World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 6 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chlorine (total residual) mg/l 0.2 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanide (total) mg/l 1 Fluoride mg/l 20 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 10 Iron mg/l 3.5 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Selenium mg/l 0.1 Silver mg/l 0.5 Sulphide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge In addition to general and industry-specific wastewater guidelines applicable during project operations, the following guideline values apply during the construction phase of projects, covering storm water or surface water, and sanitary wastewater discharges from all project sites. Site Runoff and Wastewater Discharges (construction phase) Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria4 100 ml 400 4 Coliforms refer to a group of bacteria which are found in the intestines of warm blooded animals and therefore are present in sewage, and on / in soils, surface waters and vegetation. Total coliforms is used as an indicator organism which, although by itself is not considered to cause diseases in man or animals, usually indicates the presence of pathogenic or disease-causing organisms. By 7 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 1.3 Noise Levels Noise prevention and mitigation measures should be taken by all projects where predicted or measured noise impacts from a project facility or operation exceed the applicable noise level guideline at the most sensitive point of reception. Noise impacts should not exceed the levels shown below, or result in a maximum increase in background levels of three decibels at the nearest receptor location off-site. Receptor One Hour LAeq (dBA)a Daytime 07:00 - 22:00 (10:00 - 22:00 for Public holidays) Nighttime 22:00 - 07:00 (22:00 - 10:00 for Public holidays) Residential, institutional, educational 55 45 Industrial, commercial 70 70 a Equivalent continuous sound level in decibels 1.4 Odor5 Point and diffuse source odors from industries should be minimized using available prevention and control techniques as described in the IFC EHS industry-specific guidelines. Point source activities are those that involve stack emissions of odor and which generally can be controlled using waste reduction, waste minimization and cleaner production principles or conventional emission control equipment. Diffuse source activities are generally dominated by area or volume source emissions of odor (e.g. intensive agricultural activities) and which can be more difficult to control. Projects should control odors to ensure that odors that are offensive or unacceptable to neighbors do not occur. Generally, odor levels should not exceed five to ten odorant units6 at the edge of populated areas in the vicinity of a project. Projects with multiple odorous point or diffuse releases, or emitting complex odors should conduct an odor impact assessment to determine ground-level maximum concentrations taking into account site-specific factors including proximity to populated areas. measuring the number of total coliforms present in a sample a judgment can be made as to the water's usability for a given purpose. 5 Industrial odor control. 2002. Environmental guideline No.9, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Environment. 6 The detectability of an odor is a sensory property that refers to the minimum concentration that produces an olfactory response or sensation. An odorant unit is defined as the amount of odorant mixtures which distributed in one cubic meter of air results in odor intensities corresponding to a defined threshold value. The odorant unit is therefore defined by a physiologically measured amount of substance. In practice, offensive odor can only be judged by public reaction to the odor, with the nuisance level being as low as two odorant units and as high as ten odorant units for less offensive odors. An odor assessment criteria of five to ten odorant units is likely to represent the level below which offensive odors should not occur. 8 2.0 INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES 2.1 Energy Sector Development 2.1.1 Thermal Power7 This guideline applies to combustion processes fueled by gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels and biomass and designed to deliver electrical or mechanical power, steam, heat, or any combination of these, regardless of the fuel type (except for solid waste which is covered under the guideline for Waste Management Facilities), with a total rated heat input capacity above 50 megawatt thermal input on high heating value basis. It applies to boilers, reciprocating engines, and combustion turbines in new and existing facilities. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Arsenic mg/l 0.5 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Iron mg/l 1 Lead mg/l 0.5 Mercury mg/l 0.005 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total residual chlorine mg/l 0.2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 1 a Standard unit b Temperature increase due to discharge of once-through cooling water Air Emission Levels (applicable to non-degraded air sheds) Combustion Technology / Fuel Parameter / Guideline Values Particulate matter PM10a Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides Combustion turbine Fuels other than natural gas (unit > 50 MWc) 50 mg/Nm 3b Use of ≤ 1% Sulfur fuel 310 mg/Nm 3 Natural gas (all turbine types; unit > 50 MW) - - 100 mg/Nm 3 Boiler Liquid fuels (plant > 600 MW) 50 mg/Nm3 200 mg/Nm3 400 mg/Nm3 7 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for thermal power. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 9 Liquid fuels (plant 50-600 MW) 50 mg/Nm3 900 mg/Nm3 400 mg/Nm3 Natural gas - - 240 mg/Nm3 Other gaseous fuels 50 mg/Nm3 400 mg/Nm3 240 mg/Nm3 Solid fuels (plant > 600 MW) 50 mg/Nm3 200 mg/Nm3 510 mg/Nm3 Solid fuels (plant 50-600 MW) 50 mg/Nm3 900 mg/Nm3 510 mg/Nm3 Reciprocating engine Biofuels / gaseous fuels other than natural gas 50 mg/Nm 3 30% higher than for other fuels Liquid fuels (plant > 300 MW) 50 mg/Nm3 585 mg/Nm3 740 mg/Nm3 Liquid fuels (plant 50-300 MW) 50 mg/Nm3 1,170mg/Nm3 1,460 mg/Nm3 Natural gas - - 200 mg/Nm3 a Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter b Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure c Megawatt 2.1.2 Geothermal Power8, 9 This guideline applies to geothermal power generation activities. Potential contaminants in geothermal effluents will vary according to the mineralogy of the host geological formation, temperature of the geothermal water, and site-specific facility processes. Spent geothermal fluids are typically re-injected to the host rock formation, resulting in minor effluent volumes. If spent geothermal fluids are not re-injected, and effluents are considered likely to have elevated heavy metal concentrations the following effluent levels should apply. Minor air emissions of hydrogen sulfide, mercury vapor, and sulfur dioxide may arise as fugitive emissions from the cooling tower if the condensation process involves direct contact of steam with cooling water. Although geothermal energy projects do not normally generate significant point source emissions during construction and operations, hydrogen sulfide and other types of emissions should not result in ambient concentrations exceeding the following ambient air quality levels. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.05 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Copper mg/l 0.3 Cyanide mg/l 1 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanide (weak acid dissociable) mg/l 0.5 8 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for geothermal power generation. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 9 Air quality guidelines for Europe. 2000. Second edition. WHO regional publication, European series No. 91. World Health Organization. 10 Iron (total) mg/l 2 Lead mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.002 Nickel mg/l 0.5 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature °C <3 degreedifferential Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 0.5 a Standard unit Ambient Air Quality Parameter Unit Guideline Value Hydrogen sulfide μg/m3 7a Inorganic mercury vapor μg/m3 1b Sulfur dioxide μg/m3 500c a Average over 30 minute period; b Annual average; c Average over 10 minute period 2.1.3 Wind Power10 This guideline applies to onshore and offshore wind energy facilities. Wind power facilities do not typically generate process effluents and emissions during operations. Any wastewater discharges should be treated as required to achieve the following effluent levels. General air emission and noise guidelines shall apply. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 10 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for wind energy. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 11 2.1.4 Onshore Oil and Gas11 This guideline applies to seismic exploration, exploratory and production drilling, development and production activities, transport activities including pipelines, other facilities (i.e. pump stations, metering stations, pigging stations, compressor stations, storage facilities), ancillary and support operations, and decommissioning. For onshore oil and gas facilities located near the coast (e.g. coastal terminals, marine supply bases, loading / offloading terminals), additional guidance is given in the guideline for Ports, Harbors and Terminals. Emissions, Effluent and Waste Levels Parameter Guideline Drilling fluids and cuttings Treatment and disposal in accordance with applicable standards provided in the IFC EHS Onshore Oil and Gas Development guideline Produced sand Treatment and disposal in accordance with applicable standards provided in the IFC EHS Onshore Oil and Gas Development guideline Produced water Treatment and disposal in accordance with applicable standards provided in the IFC EHS Onshore Oil and Gas Development guideline For discharge to surface waters or to land: − 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand 25 mg/l − Chemical oxygen demand 125 mg/l − Chlorides 600 mg/l (average), 1,200 mg/l maximum − Heavy metals (total)a 5 mg/l − pH 6-9b − Phenols 0.5 mg/l − Sulfides 1 mg/l − Total hydrocarbon content 10 mg/l − Total suspended solids 35 mg/l Hydrotest water Treatment and disposal in accordance with applicable standards provided in the IFC EHS Onshore Oil and Gas Development guideline For discharge to surface waters or to land: − 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand 25 mg/l − Chemical oxygen demand 125 mg/l − Chlorides 600 mg/l (average), 1,200 mg/l maximum − Heavy metals (total) 5 mg/l − pH 6-9 − Phenols 0.5 mg/l − Sulfides 1 mg/l − Total hydrocarbon content 10 mg/l − Total suspended solids 35 mg/l Completion and well work-over fluids Treatment and disposal in accordance with applicable standards provided in the IFC EHS Onshore Oil and 11 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for onshore oil and gas development. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 12 Gas Development guideline For discharge to surface waters or to land: − pH 6-9 − Total hydrocarbon content 10 mg/l Storm water drainage Storm water runoff should be treated through an oil / water separation system able to achieve oil and grease concentration of 10 mg/l Cooling water The effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 3°C at edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place; where the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from point of discharge Sewage Holding and discharge to municipal or centralized wastewater treatment systems or onboard treatment to achieve: − 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand 30 mg/l − Chemical oxygen demand 125 mg/l − Oil and grease 10 mg/l − pH 6-9 − Total coliform bacteria 400/100 ml − Total nitrogen 10 mg/l − Total phosphorus 2 mg/l − Total suspended solids 50 mg/l Air emissions Achieve WHO ambient air quality guidelines, and apply the following guideline value to emissions: − Hydrogen sulfide 5 mg/Nm3c a Heavy metals include: Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Silver, Vanadium and Zinc b Standard unit c Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure 2.1.5 Offshore Oil and Gas12 This guideline applies to seismic exploration, exploratory and production drilling, development and production activities, offshore pipeline operations, offshore transportation, tanker loading and unloading, ancillary and support operations, and decommissioning. It also addresses potential onshore impacts that may result from offshore oil and gas activities. Effluent Levels This guideline is primarily applicable to discharges in offshore locations (i.e. greater than 12 nautical miles from shore). Discharge water quality to near-shore waters should be established on a case specific basis taking into account the environmental sensitivities and assimilative capacity of receiving waters. 12 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for offshore oil and gas development. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 13 Parameter Guideline Drilling fluids and cuttings (non-aqueous drilling fluid) Non-aqueous drilling fluid, re-inject or ship-to-shore; no discharge to sea Drilled cuttings, re-inject or ship-to-shore; no discharge except: − Oil concentration lower than 1% by weight on dry cuttings − Mercury maximum 1 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite − Cadmium maximum 3 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite − Discharge via a caisson at least 15 meters below sea surface Drilling fluids and cuttings (water-based drilling fluid) − Water-based drilling fluid, re-inject or ship-to shore; no discharge to sea Water-based drilling fluids and cuttings, re-inject or ship-to-shore; no discharge to sea except: − Mercury 1 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite − Cadmium 3 mg/kg dry weight in stock barite − Maximum chloride concentration must be less that four time’s ambient concentration of fresh or brackish receiving water − Discharge via a caisson at least 15 meters below sea surface Produced water Re-inject, discharge to sea maximum one day oil and grease discharge should not exceed 42 mg/l; 30 day average should not exceed 29 mg/l Completion and well work-over fluids Ship-to-shore or re-inject, no discharge to sea except: − Maximum one day oil and grease discharge should not exceed 42 mg/l; 30 day average should not exceed 29 mg/l − Neutralize to attain a pH of 5a or more Produced sand Ship-to-shore or re-inject, no discharge to sea except when oil concentration lower than 1% by weight on dry sand Hydrotest water − Send to shore for treatment and disposal − Discharge offshore following environmental risk analysis, careful selection of chemicals − Reduce use of chemicals Cooling water The effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 3°C at edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place; where the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from point of discharge Desalination brine Mix with other discharge waste streams if feasibleb Sewage Compliance with MARPOL 73/78b Food waste Compliance with MARPOL 73/78b Storage displacement water Compliance with MARPOL 73/78 b Bilgewater Compliance with MARPOL 73/78b 14 Deck drainage Compliance with MARPOL 73/78b a Standard unit b In nearshore waters, carefully select discharge location based on environmental sensitivities and assimilative capacity of receiving waters 2.1.6 Petroleum Refining13 This guideline applies to processing operations from crude oil to finished liquid products, including liquefied petroleum gas, motor gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oil, bitumen, asphalt, sulfur, and intermediate products (e.g. propane / propylene mixtures, virgin naphtha, middle distillate and vacuum distillate) for the petrochemical industry. Finished products are produced from the blending of intermediate products Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Benzene mg/l 0.05 Benzo(a)pyrene mg/l 0.05 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.05 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanide (total) mg/l 1 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.02 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.2 Sulphides mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Total nitrogen mg/l 10c Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Vanadium mg/l 1 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge c The effluent concentration of total nitrogen may be up to 40 mg/l in processes that include hydrogenation 13 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for petroleum refining. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 15 Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3a 10 Nickel mg/Nm3 1 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 450 Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 50 Sulfur oxide mg/Nm3 150 (for sulfur recovery units) 500 (for other units) Vanadium mg/Nm3 5 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 2.1.7 Natural Gas Processing14 This guideline applies to production of liquid products from natural gas, including naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, waxes, lubes, and methanol. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanide (total) mg/l 1 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 5 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 0.1 Nickel mg/l 1.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Total Nitrogen mg/l 40 Total phosphorus mg/l 3 Total residual chlorine mg/l 0.2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 1 a Standard unit 14 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for natural gas processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 16 Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Carbon monoxide mg/Nm3a 100 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 150b 50c Particulate matter PM10d mg/Nm3 10 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 75 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 150 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Applicable to facilities with a total heat input capacity of up to 300 MW c Applicable to facilities with a total heat input capacity greater than 300 MW d Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 2.1.8 Natural Gas Liquefaction15 This guideline applies to liquefied natural gas base load liquefaction plants, transport by sea, and re-gasification and peak shaving terminals. For coastal liquefied natural gas facilities including harbors, jetties, and terminals additional guidance is given in the guideline for Ports, Harbors and Terminals. For issues related to vessels, guidance is provided in the guideline for Shipping. Effluent Levels Parameter Guideline Hydrotest water For discharge to surface waters or to land: − Total hydrocarbon content 10 mg/l − pH 6-9a − 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand 25 mg/l − Chemical oxygen demand 125 mg/l − Total suspended solids 35 mg/l − Phenols 0.5 mg/l − Sulfides 1 mg/l − Heavy metals (total) 5 mg/l − Chlorides 600 mg/l (average), 1,200 mg/l maximum Hazardous storm water drainage Storm water runoff should be treated through an oil / water separation system able to achieve oil and grease concentration of 10 mg/l Cooling water The effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 3°C at edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place; where the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from point of discharge. Free chlorine (total residual oxidant in estuarine / marine water) concentration in cooling / cold water 15 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for liquefied natural gas facilities. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 17 discharges (to be sampled at point of discharge) should be maintained at 0.2 parts per million Sewage Holding and discharge to municipal or centralized wastewater treatment systems or onboard treatment to achieve: − 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand 30 mg/l − Chemical oxygen demand 125 mg/l − Oil and grease 10 mg/l − pH 6-9 − Total coliform bacteria 400/100 ml − Total nitrogen 10 mg/l − Total phosphorus 2 mg/l − Total suspended solids 50 mg/l a Standard unit 2.1.9 Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals16 This guideline is applicable to land and shore-based petroleum storage terminals receiving and dispatching bulk shipments of crude oil, gasoline, middle distillates, aviation gas, lube oil, residual fuel oil, compressed natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, and specialty products from pipelines, tankers, railcars, and trucks for subsequent commercial distribution. Process effluent discharge quality guideline values should be established on a site-specific basis, taking into account effluent characteristics and receiving water use. Storm water runoff from terminals should be treated as required to achieve the following effluent levels. General air emissions guidelines shall apply and volatile organic compound emissions from all sources should be controlled such that ambient air quality levels do not exceed health-based standards. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 16 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for crude oil and petroleum product terminals. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 18 2.1.10 Electric Power Transmission and Distribution17 This guideline applies to power transmission between a generation facility and a substation located within an electricity grid, in addition to power distribution from a substation to consumers located in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Power transmission and distribution does not typically give rise to significant effluents or air emissions. Where potentially contaminated water runoff or dust exists, site operations should comply with the following effluent guideline and the general air quality guideline. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit Additionally, exposure limits for general public exposure to electric and magnetic fields should comply with International Commission on Non-ionized Radiation Protection guidelines for limiting general public exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 Gigahertz). Frequency Electric Field (V/ma) Magnetic Field (µTb) 50 Hzc 5000 100 60 Hz 4150 83 a Volts per meter; b Micro tesla; c Hertz 2.1.11 Gas Distribution Systems18 This guideline applies to distribution of natural gas from city gate to residential, commercial and industrial users for use in appliances, heating applications, and industrial process equipment. Although there are no significant point source effluents or emissions from gas distribution systems, fugitive emissions (from city gate and regulating stations, underground piping, and third party damage) constitute a significant portion of the overall atmospheric losses from the natural gas transmission and distribution industry. Gas distribution system should conduct volume reconciliation programs as an indicator of leakages by comparing delivered amounts against sales to customers, and implement inspection and maintenance programs to maintain and upgrade infrastructure and minimize fugitive gas emissions. 17 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for electric power transmission and distribution. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 18 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for gas distribution systems. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 19 2.1.12 Retail Petroleum Networks19 This guideline is applicable to retail petroleum networks primarily dedicated to the sale of petroleum-based automotive and other fuels, including liquid petroleum gas and compressed natural gas, and which may provide limited vehicle repair and washing services. Guidance applicable to bulk storage and distribution of petroleum or petroleum-related products is included in the guideline for Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals. Wastewater, including storm water, automobile washing and other discharges from retail petroleum facilities should be treated as required to achieve an oil and grease concentration of less than 15 mg/l. General air emissions guidelines shall apply and volatile organic compound emissions from all sources should be controlled such that ambient air quality levels do not exceed health-based standards. 2.1.13 Petroleum-based Organic Chemicals Manufacturing20 This guideline applies to large volume petroleum-based organic chemicals projects, including lower olefins, aromatics, oxygenated compounds, nitrogenated compounds, and halogenated compounds. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 1,2-Dichloroethane mg/l 1 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 25 Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 1 Benzene mg/l 0.05 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Lead mg/l 0.5 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Sulphide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Vinyl chloride mg/l 0.05 19 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for retail petroleum networks. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 20 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for large volume petroleum-based organic chemicals manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 20 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 1,2-Dichloroethane mg/Nm3a 5 Acrylonitrile mg/Nm3 0.5 (incineration) 2 (scrubbing) Ammonia mg/Nm3 15 Benzene mg/Nm3 5 Caprolactam mg/m3 0.1 Dioxin / Furans ng TEQb/Nm3 0.1 Ethylene mg/Nm3 150 Ethylene oxide mg/m3 2 Formaldehyde mg/m3 0.15 Heavy metals (total) mg/Nm3 1.5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Hydrogen cyanide mg/m3 2 Hydrogen sulfide mg/m3 5 Mercury and compounds mg/Nm3 0.2 Nitrobenzene mg/m3 5 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 300 Organic sulfide and Mercaptans mg/m3 2 Particulate matter PM10c mg/Nm3 20 Phenols, Cresols and Xylols (as Phenol) mg/Nm3 10 Sulfur oxides mg/m3 100 Vinyl chloride mg/Nm3 5 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 20 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Toxicity equivalence factor c Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 21 2.2 Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry Development 2.2.1 Plantation Industrial / Crop Production21, 22 This guideline applies to large-scale commercial plantation crops, including banana, citrus, sugarcane, olives, palm oil, coffee, and cacao. Crop production covers soil preparation, sowing or planting, crop husbandry, harvest, and post harvest operations. The guideline does not include the processing of raw materials into semi-finished or finished products. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 10 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total organochlorine pesticides mg/l 0.1 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.2.2 Annual Crop Production23, 10 This guideline applies to large-scale commercial annual crops, including cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, oil-bearing crops, fiber crops, vegetables, and fodder crops. Crop production covers soil preparation, sowing or planting, crop husbandry, harvest, and post harvest operations. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 21 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for plantation crop production. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 22 Agriculture nonpoint source fact sheet: Polluted runoff. 2005. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 23 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for annual crop production. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 22 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 10 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total organochlorine pesticides mg/l 0.1 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.2.3 Mammalian Livestock Production24 This guideline applies to cattle ranching and farming, dairy farming, pig farming, and sheep and goat farming operations. It does not include feed production, dairy processing, or meat processing. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.2.4 Poultry Production25 This guideline applies to intensive poultry production and covers the production of laying hens, broiler chickens, turkeys, ducks and game birds. Poultry production operations include feed manufacture, storage and handling, poultry raising, feeding and watering, egg and/or live bird collection, management of animal waste, and disease and pest control. 24 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for mammalian livestock production. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 25 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for poultry production. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 23 Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.2.5 Aquaculture26 This guideline applies to semi-intensive and intensive commercial aquaculture production of aquatic species, including crustaceans, mollusks, seaweeds and finfish. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 26 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for aquaculture. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 24 2.2.6 Forest Harvesting Operations27 This guideline applies to management of both plantation and natural forests and covers production of roundwood timber, non-timber forest product collection, forest replanting, and ancillary activities (e.g. vehicles maintenance, nurseries). The forestry sector does not typically give rise to significant effluent discharges or point source air emissions. Where potentially contaminated water runoff or dust exists, the following source effluent levels and general air emissions guideline shall apply. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.3 Manufacturing 2.3.1 Food and Beverages Manufacturing 2.3.1.1 Meat Processing28 This guideline applies to meat processing, focusing on bovine and porcine slaughtering and processing from reception of the animals until the carcasses are ready for sale or further processing. It additionally applies to simple processing of by-products of meat slaughtering. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 27 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for forest harvesting operations. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 28 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for meat processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 25 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.3.1.2 Poultry Processing29 This guideline applies to the processing of chickens, turkey and ducks, and cover process steps from the reception of live birds, slaughter, evisceration, and simple rendering. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.3.1.3 Fish Processing30 This guideline applies to fish processing facilities, including the post-harvest processing of fish, crustaceans, gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves, originating from the sea or freshwater catch or from farming operations in salt or fresh water. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis 29 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for poultry processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 30 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for fish processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 26 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chlorine, total residual mg/l 0.2 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/m3 1 Amines and amides mg/m3 5 Hydrogen sulfide, Sulfides, and Mercaptans mg/m3 2 2.3.1.4 Food and Beverage Processing31 This guideline covers the processing of meat, vegetable, fruit, and other raw materials in value-added food and non-fermented beverage products for human consumption Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 31 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for food and beverage processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 27 b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Emissions from food processing activities are principally associated with matter and odor. Particulate matter PM10 emissions should typically not exceed 50 mg/Nm3. 2.3.1.5 Dairy Processing32 This guideline applies to the reception, storage, and industrial processing of raw milk and the handling and storage of processed milk and dairy products. It does not cover farming activities or collection of raw milk from farmers. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.3.1.6 Vegetable Oil Production and Processing33 This guideline applies to facilities that extract and process oils and fats from a variety of seeds, grains, and nuts. Additionally covered are crude oil production and refining processes, from the preparation of raw materials to the bottling and packaging of final products for human and animal consumption. 32 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for diary processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 33 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for vegetable oil production and processing. 2015. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 28 Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Dust mg/Nm3a 10 (dry dust) 40 (wet dust) Hexane / Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm 3 100 Volatile organic compoundsb Kg solvent loss/t feedstock Animal fat: 1.5 Castor: 3 Rape seed: 1 Sunflower seed: 1 Soya beans (normal crush): 0.8 Soya beans (white flakes): 1.2 Other seeds and vegetable matter: 1.5 (fractionation excluding degumming) 4 (degumming) a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Refers to total solvent loss 29 2.3.1.7 Sugar Manufacturing34 This guideline applies to sugar manufacturing facilities, involving processing of beet and cane into crystalline sugar and other by-products (e.g. ethanol and other organic chemicals). Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Biocides mg/l 0.05 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.3.1.8 Breweries and Distilleries35 This guideline covers the production of beer, wine and spirits from raw material storage to dispatch of the finished product. It does not cover malt production or the production of non alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Active ingredients / Antibiotics To be determined on a casespecific basis Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 34 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for sugar manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 35 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for breweries. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 30 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.3.2 Garments, Textile and Leather Products 2.3.2.1 Textiles Manufacturing36 This guideline applies to textile manufacturing using natural fibers, synthetic fibers (made entirely from chemicals), and regenerated fibers (made from natural materials by processing these materials to form a fiber structure). It does not include polymer synthesis and natural raw material production. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 1 Ammonia mg/l 10 Cadmium mg/l 0.02 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 160 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Cobalt mg/l 0.5 Color m-1 7 (436 nma, yellow) 5 (525 nm, red) 3 (620 nm, blue) Copper mg/l 0.5 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 Pesticides mg/l 0.05-0.10b pH S.U.c 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Sulfide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3d Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 2 a Nanometers 36 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for textiles manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 31 b 0.05 mg/l for total pesticides (organophosphorus pesticides excluded); 0.10 mg/l for organophosphorus pesticides c Standard unit d At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/Nm3a 30 Carbon disulfide mg/Nm3 150 Chlorine mg/Nm3 5 Formaldehyde mg/Nm3 20 Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3 5 Particulates mg/Nm3 50b Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 2/20/50/75/100/150c,d a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b As the 30-minute mean for stack emissions c Calculated as Total carbon d As the 30-minute mean for stack emissions: 2 mg/Nm3 for volatile organic compounds classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic with mass flow greater than or equal to 10 g/hour; 20 mg/Nm3 for discharges of halogenated volatile organic compounds with a mass flow equal or greater than 100 g/hour; 50 mg/Nm3 for waste gases from drying of large installations (solvent consumption > 15 tons/year); 75 mg/Nm3 for coating application processes for large installations (solvent consumption > 15 tons/year); 100 mg/Nm3 for small installations (solvent consumption < 15 tons/year); if solvent is recovered from emissions and reused, the guideline value is 150 mg/Nm3 2.3.2.2 Tanning and Leather Finishing37 This guideline applies to large scale tanning and leather finishing projects, and specifically to operations related to preliminary treatment of raw hides, tanning processes, post-tanning processes, and finished products manufacturing. Small-scale projects not utilizing Chromium and other chemical tanning agents should achieve the same guideline values with the exception of Chromium (which should not apply to such facilities). Effluent Levels (for tanning and leather finishing) Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Ammonia mg/l 10 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chloride mg/l 1,000 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 37 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for tanning and leather finishing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 32 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Sulfate mg/l 300 Sulfide mg/l 1.0 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels (for leather finishing) Pollutant Unit Guideline Value Upholstery leather kg of hazardous air pollutant loss per 100 m2 of leather processed 3.3 Water resistant / specialty leather 2.7 Non-water resistant leather 1.8 2.3.3 Wood Manufacturing 2.3.3.1 Sawmilling and Manufactured Wood Products38 This guideline applies to projects such as furniture manufacturing, as well as plants manufacturing glue laminated boards and beams. It includes preservative treatment of timber and timber products. Effluent Levels (for wood treatment and preservationa) Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Copper mg/l 0.5 Fluorides mg/l 5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 Pesticides (each) mg/l 0.05 38 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for sawmilling and manufactured wood products. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 33 pH S.U.b 6-9 Phenols (mono- and dihydric) mg/l 0.5 Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins / dibenzo furans mg/l 0.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (each) mg/l 0.05 Temperature increase °C <3c Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Process wastewater containing chemical preservatives should be contained as part of closed loop application system b Standard unit c At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels (for sawmill facilities) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3a 20 Wood dust mg/Nm3 50 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure 2.3.3.2 Board and Particle-based Products39 This guideline applies to the manufacture of board and particle-based products such as particle-boards, oriented stand board, medium density fiberboard, plywood and glued and laminated products. It also applies to plants that make board from other raw materials such as sugar cane bagasse, straw, and linen. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Formaldehyde mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 39 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for board and particle-based products. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 34 Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Condensable volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 (as Carbon)a 130 Formaldehyde mg/Nm3 20 (Wood dryers) 5 (Other sources) Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 20 (Medium density fiberboard) 20 (Wood dryers) 50 (Other sources) a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 2.3.3.3 Pulp and / or Paper Mills40 This guideline applies to pulp and paper manufacturing facilities including wood-based chemical and mechanical pulping, recycled fiber pulping, and pulping based on non-wood raw materials such as bagasse, straw and reed. It does not include production or collection of raw materials. Effluent Levelsa Parameter Unit Guideline Value Bleached kraft pulp, integrated 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADtb 1 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.25 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 20 pH S.U.c 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.2 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.03 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 1.5 Unbleached kraft pulp, integrated 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.7 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 10 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.2 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.02 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 1 Sulfite pulp, integrated and non-integrated 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 2 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.005 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 30 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.5 40 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for pulp and paper mills. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 35 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.05 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 2 Chemi-thermo-mechanical 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/Adt 1 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 5 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.2 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.01 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 1 Mechanical pulping, integrated 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.5 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.01 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 5 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.1 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.01 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.5 Recycled fiber, without de-inking, integrated 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.15 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.005 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 1.5 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.05 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.005 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.15 Recycled fiber, with de-inking, integrated 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.2 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.005 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 4 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.1 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.01 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.3 Recycled fibre tissue mills 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.5 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.005 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 4 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.25 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.015 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.4 Uncoated fine paper mills 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.25 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.005 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 2 36 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.2 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.01 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.4 Coated fine paper mills 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.25 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.005 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 1.5 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.2 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.01 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.4 Tissue mills 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 0.4 Adsorbable organic halogen kg/ADt 0.01 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 1.5 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.25 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.015 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 0.4 Fiber preparation, non-wood 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 2 Chemical oxygen demand kg/ADt 30 pH S.U. 6-9 Total nitrogen kg/ADt 0.5 Total phosphorus kg/ADt 0.05 Total suspended solids kg/ADt 2 a Effluent values represent annual average values and are applicable to direct discharges of treated effluents to surface waters; daily average values should not be greater than 2.5 times the annual average values b Air dried metric ton c Standard unit Air Emission Levels Parameter Type of Mill Unit Guideline Value Nitrogen oxides (as Nitrogen dioxide) Kraft, bleached kg/ADta 1.5 for hardwood pulp 2 for softwood pulp Kraft, unbleached integrated kg/ADt 1.5 for hardwood pulp 2 for softwood pulp Sulfite, integrated and non integrated kg/ADt 2 37 Sulfur dioxide (as Sulfur) Kraft, bleached kg/ADt 0.4 Kraft, unbleached integrated 0.4 Sulfite, integrated and non integrated 1 Total reduced sulfur compounds (as Sulfur) Kraft, bleached kg/ADt 0.2 Kraft, unbleached integrated 0.2 Total suspended particulates Kraft, bleached kg/ADt 0.5 Kraft, unbleached integrated 0.5 Sulfite, integrated and non integrated 0.15 a Air dried metric ton 2.3.3.4 Printing41 This guideline applies to printing facilities and the main printing technologies including lithography / offset, gravure / rotogravure, flexography, screen, and letterpress printing. It does not apply to plateless printing such as digital color printing machines, or electrostatic, magnetic or thermal devices. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 1 Aluminum mg/l 3 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanide mg/l 0.2 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 1 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Silver mg/l 0.5 Temperature increase °C <3b Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 0.5 a Standard unit 41 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for printing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 38 b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Isocyanates mg/Nm3a 0.1b Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 100-500c Particulates mg/Nm3 50d Volatile organic halogens mg/Nm3 100e,f 20e,g 75e,h 100e,i a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b As 30 minute mean for contained sources, excluding particulates; from all processes / activities using Isocyanates c As 30 minute mean for contained sources; from turbines, reciprocating engines or boilers used as volatile organic compounds abatement equipment d As 30 minute mean for contained sources; from all processes / activities e Calculated as Total carbon f Heatset web offset printing with 15-25 tons/year solvent consumption g Heatset web offset printing with >25 tons/year solvent consumption h Publication rotogravure with >25 tons/year solvent consumption i Other rotogravure, flexography, rotary screen printing, laminating, or varnishing units (>15 tons/year solvent consumption); rotary screen on textile / card board (>30 tons/year solvent consumption 2.3.4 Chemicals Manufacturing 2.3.4.1 Large Volume Inorganic Compounds Manufacturing and Coal Tar Distillation42 This guideline applies to chemical manufacturing projects, and covers the production of large volume inorganic compounds, including ammonia, acids (nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric acid), chlor-alkali (e.g. chlorine, caustic soda, soda ash), carbon black, and coal tar distillation (naphthalene, phenathrene, anthracene). Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Ammonia Plants Ammonia mg/l 10c Total suspended solids mg/l 30 42 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for large volume inorganic compounds manufacturing and coal tar distillation. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 39 Nitric Acid Plants Ammonia mg/l 10 Nitrates mg/l 25 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Sulfuric Acid Plants Fluoride mg/l 20 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Phosphoric Acid Plants Fluoride mg/l 20 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Hydrofluric Acid Plants Fluorides kg/ton HFd 1 Suspended solids kg/ton HF 1 mg/l 30 Chlor-alkali / Hydrochloric Acid Plants Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 0.5 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.05 g/ton chlorine 0.1 Sulphides mg/l 1 Total suspended solids mg/l 20 Soda Ash Plants Ammonia mg/l 10 Phosphorus kg/ton 0.2 Suspended solids kg/ton 270 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Carbon Black Plants Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 100 Total suspended solids mg/l 20 Coal Tar Distillation Plants 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 35 (monthly average) 90 (daily maximum) Anthracene, Naphthalene and Phenanthrene (each) µg/l 20 (monthly average) 60 (daily maximum) Total suspended solids mg/l 50 (monthly average) 160 (daily maximum) a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge c Load based guideline: 0.1 kg/ton of product d Hydrofluoric acid 40 Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3a 50 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 300 Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 50 Nitric Acid Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3 10 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 300 Nitrous oxide mg/Nm3 800 Sulfuric Acid Plants Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3 5 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 200 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 450 (2 kg/ton acid) Sulfur trioxide mg/Nm3 60 (0.075 kg/ton acid) Phosphoric / Hydrofluoric Acids Plants Fluorides (gaseous as Hydrogen fluoride) mg/Nm3 5 Particulate matter PM10 / Calcium fluoride mg/Nm3 50 (0.10 kg/ton phosphate rock) Chlor-alkali / Hydrochloric Acid Plants Chlorine gas mg/Nm3 1 (partial liquefaction) 3 (complete liquefaction) Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 20 Mercury mg/Nm3 0.2 (annual average emission of 1 g/ton chlorine) Soda Ash Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3 50 Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3 5 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 200 Particulate matter PM10 mg/Nm3 50 Carbon Black Plants Carbon monoxide mg/Nm3 500 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 600 Particulate matter PM10 mg/Nm3 30 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 850 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 50 Coal Tar Distillation Plants Particulate matter PM10 mg/Nm3 50 Tar fume mg/Nm3 10 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 50 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 41 2.3.4.2 Petroleum-based Polymers Manufacturing43 This guideline applies to petroleum-based polymer manufacturing where monomers are polymerized and finished into pellets or granules for subsequent industrial use. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 25 Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 0.3 Benzene mg/l 0.05 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Lead mg/l 0.5 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Sulphide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Vinyl chloride mg/l 0.05 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Acrylonitrile mg/Nm3a 5 (15 from dryers) Ammonia mg/Nm3 15 Dioxin / Furans ngTEQb/Nm3 0.1 Formaldehyde mg/m3 0.15 Heavy metals (total) mg/Nm3 1.5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 43 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for petroleum-based polymers manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 42 Mercury mg/Nm3 0.2 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 300 Particulate matter PM10c mg/Nm3 20 Sulfur oxides mg/Nm3 500 Vinyl chloride g/t s-PVCd g/t e-PVCe 80 500 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 20 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Toxicity equivalence factor c Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter d Grams per ton suspension polyvinylchloride e Grams per ton emulsion polyvinylchloride 2.3.4.3 Coal Processing44 This guideline applies to the processing of coal into gaseous or liquid chemicals, including fuels, and the production of synthetic gas through various gasification processes and its subsequent conversion into liquid hydrocarbons, methanol, or other oxygenated liquid products, and well as the direct hydrogenation of coal into liquid hydrocarbons. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Ammonia mg/l 5 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150(40 cooling water) Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Cobalt mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanides mg/l 0.5 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 3 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 0.5 Manganese mg/l 2 Mercury mg/l 0.02 Nickel mg/l 1 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Sulphide mg/l 1 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 44 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for coal processing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 43 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 35 Vanadium mg/l 1 Zinc mg/l 1 a Standard unit Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Coal Preparation Plant Conveying, storage and preparation gas opacity % 10 Pneumatic coal cleaning equipment opacity % 10 Pneumatic coal cleaning equipment particulate mg/Nm 3a 40 Thermal dryer gas opacity % 20 Thermal dryer particulate mg/Nm3 70 Overall Ammonia mg/Nm3 30 Carbonyl sulfide + Carbon disulfide mg/Nm3 3 Heavy metals (total) mg/Nm3 1.5 Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3 10 Mercury mg/Nm3 1 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 200-400b Particulate matter PM10c mg/Nm3 30-50b Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 150-200 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 150 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Lower value for plants of >100 MW thermal equivalent, higher value for plants of <100 MW thermal equivalent c Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 2.3.4.4 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Production45 This guideline applies to facilities that produce ammonia-based nitrogenous fertilizers, including ammonia, urea, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium, nitrate, ammonium sulfate and mixed nitrogenous fertilizers, such as urea-ammonium sulphate and urea ammonium nitrate liquid fertilizers. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value pH S.U.a 6-9 45 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 44 Temperature increase °C <3b Ammonia and Nitric Acid Plants Ammonia mg/l 5 Total nitrogen mg/l 15 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 Urea Plants Ammonia (prill / granulation) mg/l 5 Urea (prill / granulation) mg urea/l 1 Ammonium Nitrate / Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Plants Ammonium nitrate mg/l 100 Ammonia mg/l 5 Total nitrogen mg/l 15 Total suspended solids mg/l 30 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3a 50 Total nitrogen mg/Nm3 300 Total suspended solids mg/Nm3 50 Nitric Acid Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3 10 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 200 Nitrous oxide mg/Nm3 800 Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 50 Urea / Urea Ammonium Nitrate Plants Ammonia (prill / granulation) mg/Nm3 50 Particulate matter PM10 mg/Nm3 50 Urea (prill / granulation) mg/Nm3 50 Ammonium Nitrate / Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3 50 Particulate matter PM10 mg/Nm3 50 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 45 2.3.4.5 Phosphate Fertilizer Manufacturing46 This guideline applies to facilities that produce phosphoric acid, single super-phosphate, triple super-phosphate, and compound (nitrogen / phosphorus / potassium) fertilizers. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/l 10 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Fluorides mg/l 20 kg/ton NPKa 0.03 kg/ton Phosphorus oxide 2 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 10 pH S.U.b 6-9 Total nitrogen mg/l 15 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium b Standard unit Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Phosphoric Acid Plants Fluorides (gaseous as Hydrogen fluoride) mg/Nm3a 5 Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 50 Phosphate Fertilizer Plants Ammonia mg/Nm3 50 Fluorides (gaseous as Hydrogen fluoride) mg/Nm3 5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 30 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 500 (nitro-phosphate unit) 70 (mix acid unit) Particulate matter PM10 mg/Nm3 50 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter 2.3.4.6 Pesticides Formulation, Manufacturing and Packaging47 This guideline applies to the synthesis, optimization of the active ingredients, processing development (manufacturing), and the formulation and packaging of pesticides from these 46 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for phosphate fertilizer manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 47 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for pesticides formulation, manufacturing and packaging. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 46 active ingredients. Pesticide groups include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, acaricides (or miticides), nematicides, and rodenticides. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Active ingredients (each) mg/l 0.05 Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 1 Ammonia mg/l 10 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chlorinated organics mg/l 0.05 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nitrorganics mg/l 0.05 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 10-20b Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b Lower value for pesticide manufacturing, higher value for pesticide formulation Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia, gaseous inorganic chlorine compounds mg/Nm 3a 30 Bromines, Cyanides, Fluorines, Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm 3 3 Chloride mg/Nm3 5 Chlorine mg/Nm3 3 Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 20, 5c Total organic carbon mg/Nm3 50 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 20 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter c Applicable where very toxic compounds are present 47 2.3.4.7 Oleochemicals Manufacturing48 This guideline applies to manufacturing facilities that produce fatty acids, glycerin, and biodiesel using fats and oils from vegetable and animal sources. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 40 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total nitrogen mg/l 30 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3a 100 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure 2.3.4.8 Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology Manufacturing49 This guideline applies to the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients and secondary processing, including intermediates, formulation, blending, and packaging, and related activities and research such as biotechnology research and production. Actual parameters for effluent levels and air emission levels applicable to individual plants are to be determined on a case specific basis reflecting project-specific risks and potential impacts. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 1,2-Dichloroethane mg/l 0.1 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 30 Acetates (each)a mg/l 0.5 Acetonitrile mg/l 10.2 Active ingredient (each) mg/l 0.05 Adsorbable organic halogen mg/l 1 Amines (each)b mg/l 102 Ammonia mg/l 30 48 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for oleochemicals manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 49 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for pharmaceuticals and biotechnology manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 48 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Benzene mg/l 0.02 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chlorobenzene mg/l 0.06 Chloroform mg/l 0.013 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Dimethyl sulfoxide mg/l 37.5 Isobutyraldehyde mg/l 0.5 Isopropanol mg/l 1.6 Isopropyl ether mg/l 2.6 Ketones (each)c mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Methanol / Ethanol (each) mg/l 4.1 Methyl cellosolve mg/l 40.6 Methylene chloride mg/l 0.3 n-Heptane mg/l 0.02 n-Hexane mg/l 0.02 o-Dichlorobenzene mg/l 0.06 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.d 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Tetrahydrofuran mg/l 2.6 Toluene mg/l 0.02 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 10 Xylenes mg/l 0.01 a n-Amyl acetate, n-Butyl acetate, Ethyl acetate, Isopropyl acetate, Methyl formate b Including Diethylamine and Triethylamine c Including Acetone, Methyl isobutyl ketone d Standard unit Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Active ingredient (each) mg/Nm3a 0.15 Ammonia mg/Sm3b 30 Arsenic mg/Sm3 0.05 Benzene, Vinyl chloride, Dichloroethane (each) mg/Nm3 1 Bromides (as Hydrogen bromide) mg/Sm3 3 Chlorides (as Hydrogen chloride) mg/Sm3 30 Ethylene oxide mg/Sm3 0.5 Hazardous air pollutants kg/year 900-1,800c Mutagenic substance mg/Sm3 0.05 49 Particulate matter PM10d mg/Nm3 20 Total Class Ae mg/Nm3 20f Total Class Bg mg/Nm3 80h Total organic carbon mg/Nm3 50 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 20-150i 50j a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Milligrams per standard cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure c Process-based annual mass limit d Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter e Class A compounds are those that may cause significant harm to human health and the environment f Applicable when total Class A compounds exceed 100 g/year g Class B compounds are organic compounds of less environmental impact than Class A compounds h Applicable when total Class B compounds, expressed as Toluene, exceed the lower of 5 tons/year or 2 kg/hour i Facilities with solvent consumption >50 tons/year j Waste gases from oxidation plants 2.3.5 Manufacture of Glass and Ceramics 2.3.5.1 Glass, and Glass and Mineral Fibre Manufacturing50 This guideline applies to glass, glass fibre or mineral fibre manufacturing plants. Extraction of raw materials is covered by the guideline for Construction Materials Extraction. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Antimony mg/l 0.3 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Boric acid mg/l 2 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 130 Fluorides mg/l 5 Lead mg/l 0.1 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total suspended solids mg/l 30 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 50 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for glass manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 50 Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Arsenic mg/Nm3a 1 Cadmium mg/Nm3 0.2 Fluorides mg/Nm3 5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 30 Lead mg/Nm3 5 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 1,000 Other heavy metals (total) mg/Nm3 5b Particulates Natural gas Other fuels mg/Nm3 100c 50c Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 700-1,500d a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b 1 mg/Nm3 for Selenium c Where toxic metals are present, not to exceed 20 mg/Nm3; to achieve dust emissions of 50 mg/Nm3 installation of secondary treatments (bag fillers or electrostatic precipitators) is necessary d 700 mg/Nm3 for natural gas firing, 1,500 mg/Nm3 for oil firing 2.3.5.2 Ceramic Tile and Sanitary Ware Manufacturing51 This guideline applies to ceramic tile and sanitary ware manufacturing projects. Effluent Levels (for ceramic tile) Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.1 Cobalt mg/l 0.1 Copper mg/l 0.1 Lead mg/l 0.2 Nickel mg/l 0.1 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 51 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for ceramic tile and sanitary ware manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 51 Air Emission Levels (for ceramic tile) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Cadmium mg/Nm3a 0.2 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 30 Hydrogen fluoride mg/Nm3 5 Lead mg/Nm3 0.5 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 600b Particulate matter PM10c mg/Nm3 50d Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 400b Total organic carbon mg/Nm3 20 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Kiln operations c Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter d Dryer and kiln stacks 2.3.6 Manufacture of Construction Materials 2.3.6.1 Cement and Lime Manufacturing52 This guideline applies to cement and lime manufacturing projects. Extraction of raw materials, which is a common activity associated with cement manufacturing projects, is covered in the guideline for Construction Materials Extraction. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature increase °C <3b Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels (for cement manufacturing) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Cadmium + Thallium mg/Nm3a 0.05 Dioxins / Furans mg TEQb/Nm3 0.1 Dust (other point sources including clinker cooling, cement grinding) mg/Nm 3 50 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Hydrogen fluoride mg/Nm3 1 52 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for cement and lime manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 52 Mercury mg/Nm3 0.05 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 600 Particulate matter PM10c (existing kilns) mg/Nm3 100 Particulate matter PM10 (new kiln system) mg/Nm3 30 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 400 Total metalsd mg/Nm3 0.5 Total organic carbon mg/Nm3 10 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Toxicity equivalence factor c Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter d Total metals are Arsenic, Lead, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Manganese, Nickel, Vanadium, and Antimony Air Emission Levels (for lime manufacturing) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Dust mg/Nm3a 50 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 400 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 500 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure 2.3.7 Metal, Machinery and Electronics 2.3.7.1 Base Metal Smelting and Refining53 This guideline applies to base metal smelting and refining of lead, zinc, copper, nickel, and aluminum. It does not include the mining and concentration of the raw materials. Effluent Levels (for nickel, copper, lead, zinc and aluminum smelting and refining) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Aluminum mg/l 0.2 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 Cadmium mg/l 0.05 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Copper mg/l 0.1 Fluoride mg/l 5 Hydrocarbons mg/l 5 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.1 pH S.U.a 6-9 53 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for base metal smelting and refining. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 53 Temperature increase °C <3b Total suspended solids mg/l 20 Zinc mg/l 0.2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels (for nickel, copper, lead, zinc and aluminum smelting and refining – varying by metal type / smelting process) Parameter Unit GuidelineValue Acid mists / gases mg/Nm3a 50 Ammonia mg/Nm3 5 Arsine mg/Nm3 0.5 Carbon monoxide and carbonyls mg/Nm3 5 Chlorine mg/Nm3 0.5 Dioxins ng TEQb/m3 0.1-0.5 Dust mg/Nm3 1-5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 5 Hydrogen fluoride mg/Nm3 0.5 Mercury mg/Nm3 0.02 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 100-300 Polyfluorinated hydrocarbons anode effects/ cell /day 0.1 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 < 50-200 Total fluoride mg/Nm3 0.8 Total organic carbon mg/Nm3 5-50 Volatile organic compounds / solvents mg/Nm 3 5-15 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Toxicity equivalence factor 2.3.7.2 Integrated Steel Mills54 This guideline applies to the manufacture of pig iron and raw or low-alloy steel from iron ore and iron-based alloys. It is applicable to the manufacture of metallurgical coke, primary iron and steel production in blast and basic oxygen furnaces, scrap metal recycling in the electric arc furnace process, the production of semi-finished products, and hot and cold rolling activities. It does not include extraction of raw materials and further processing of the semi finished products into finished products. 54 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for integrated steel mills. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 54 Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/l (as Nitrogen) 5 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanides (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanides (total) mg/l 0.5 Fluoride mg/l (as Fluorine) 5 Iron mg/l 5 Lead mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.5 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mg/l 0.05 Sulfides mg/l 0.1 Temperature increase °C <3b Tin mg/l 2 Total nitrogen mg/l 30 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 35 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/Nm3a 30 Benzo(a)pirene mg/Nm3 0.1 Cadmium mg/Nm3 0.2 Carbon monoxide mg/Nm3 100 (electric arc furnace) 300 (coke oven) Chromium mg/Nm3 4 Fluoride mg/Nm3 5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Hydrogen fluoride mg/Nm3 10 Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3 5 55 Lead mg/Nm3 2 Nickel mg/Nm3 2 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 500 750 (coke oven) Oil mist mg/Nm3 15 Particulate matter PM10b mg/Nm3 20-50c Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran ng TEQ d/m3 0.1 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 500 Tar fume mg/Nm3 5 Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 20 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter c Lower value where toxic metals are present d Toxicity equivalence factor 2.3.7.3 Foundries55 This guideline applies to foundry projects casting ferrous (iron and steel) and nonferrous (primarily aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, nickel, magnesium, and titanium) metals. It addresses sand casting, including the preparation and regeneration of molding sand, and the high- and low-pressure die casting of aluminum, zinc, and magnesium. It does not cover further processing of the semi-finished products. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Aluminum kg/ton 0.02a Ammonia mg/l (as Nitrogen) 5 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Fluoride mg/l (as Fluorine) 5 Iron mg/l 5 Lead mg/l 0.2 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.b 6-9 Phenol mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3c Tin mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 35 Zinc mg/l 0.5 55 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for foundries. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 56 a Aluminum smelting and casting b Standard unit c At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Amines mg/Nm3a 5b Carbon monoxide mg/Nm3 200c 150d Chloride mg/Nm3 5e Chlorine mg/Nm3 5f Copper and compounds mg/Nm3 5-20g Fluoride mg/Nm3 5h Hydrogen sulfide mg/Nm3 5 Lead, cadmium and their compounds mg/Nm3 1-2i Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, Tin and their compounds mg/Nm 3 5 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 400j 120c 150k Oil Aerosol / mist mg/Nm3 5 Particulate matter PM10l mg/Nm3 20m 50n Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran ng TEQ p/m3 0.1 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 400c 50p 120q Volatile organic compounds mg/Nm3 20c 30 15r a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Non-ferrous metal melting (aluminum) c Non-ferrous metal melting (shaft furnaces) d Cold box molding and core making shop e Furnace emissions where chloride flux is used f Thermal sand reclamation systems and solvent based investment foundry coating, shelling, and setting operation g Higher value applicable to copper and its alloy producing processes h Furnace emissions where fluoride flux is used i Higher value applicable to non-ferrous metal foundries from scrap j Ferrous metal melting (maximum emissions level considered on best available technology base and based on cokeless cupola furnaces) k From thermal sand reclamation systems / regeneration units 57 l Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter m Particulate matter emissions when toxic metals are present n Particulate matter emissions when toxic metals are not present o Ferrous metal melting (cupola furnaces) p Toxicity equivalence factor q Maximum emissions level considered on best available technology base and based on cold blast cupola furnaces r Ferrous metal melting (electric arc furnaces); cupola furnaces may have higher emissions levels (up to 1,000 mg/Nm3) 2.3.7.4 Metal, Plastic and Rubber Products Manufacturing56 This guideline applies to material processing operations common to industries engaged in the manufacture of metal, plastic, and rubber products. It does not include extraction or production of raw materials (metals, plastics, and rubber), metal casting, or synthesis of thermoplastic polymers or additives. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Aluminum mg/l 3 Ammonia mg/l 10 20 (electroplating) Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanides (free) mg/l 0.2 Cyanides (total) mg/l 1 Fluorides mg/l 20 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Silver mg/l 0.2 Sulfide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Tin mg/l 2 Total nitrogen mg/l 15 56 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for metal, plastic, rubber products manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 58 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 25 (electroplating) Volatile organic halogens mg/l 0.1 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/Nm3a 50 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 350 Particulate matter PM10b (metal surface treatments) mg/Nm 3 5 Particulate matter PM10 (plastic processing) mg/Nm3 3 Total organic carbon (rubber vulcanization) mg/Nm3 80 Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (metal surface treatments) mg/Nm 3 20 Volatile organic compounds (metal and plastic coating) mg/Nm 3 100 (up to 15 tons/year solvent consumption) 75 (more than 15 tons/year solvent consumption) 50 (drying processes) Volatile organic compounds (rubber conversion) mg/Nm 3 20c Volatile organic compounds (surface cleaning) mg/Nm 3 20-75d a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter c Facilities with solvent consumption greater than 15 tons/year d 20 mg/Nm3 for waste gases from surface cleaning using volatile organic compounds classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction; 75 mg/Nm3 for waste gases from other surface cleaning 59 2.3.7.5 Semiconductors and Other Electronics Manufacturing57 This guideline applies to semiconductors and other electronics manufacturing projects. It does not include information about the extraction of raw materials, assembly of general components, manufacturing of screens for the assembly of internal components within the plastic structure, or production of standard connectors. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Adsorbable organic halogens mg/l 0.5 Ammonia mg/l 10 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 160 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanide (total) mg/l 1 Fluoride mg/l 5 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Selenium mg/l 1 Silver mg/l 0.1 Temperature increase °C <3b Tin mg/l 2 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Acetone mg/Nm3a 150 Ammonia mg/Nm3 30 57 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for semiconductors and electronics manufacturing. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 60 Arsine and arsenic compounds mg/Nm3 0.5 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Hydrogen fluoride mg/Nm3 5 Inorganic hazardous air pollutantsb mg/Nm3 0.42 Organic hazardous air pollutantsb mg/Nm3 20 Phosphine mg/Nm3 0.5 Volatile organic compoundsc mg/Nm3 20 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Industry-specific hazardous air pollutants include: Antimony compounds, Arsenic compounds, Arsine, Carbon tetrachloride, Catechol, Chlorine, Chromium compounds, Ethyl acrilate, Ethylbenzene, Elthylene glycol, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Lead compounds, Methanol, Methyl isobutyl ketone, Methylene chloride, Nickel compounds, Perchloroethylene, Phosphine, Phosphorus, Toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene (phased-out), and Xylenes c Applicable to surface cleaning processes 2.4 Waste Management 2.4.1 Solid Waste Management Facilities58 This guideline applies to projects dedicated to the management of municipal solid waste and industrial waste including waste receipt, unloading, processing, and storage; landfill disposal; physico-chemical and biological treatment; and incineration projects. Industry-specific waste management activities (e.g. medical waste) are covered in the relevant industry guidelines. Effluent Levels (for landfills) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Hazardous Waste Landfills Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Daily Max. Monthly Average Daily Max Monthly Average 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 220 56 140 37 Ammonia mg/l 10 4.9 10 4.9 Aniline mg/l 0.024 0.015 - Arsenic mg/l 1.1 0.54 - α-Terpineol mg/l 0.042 0.019 0.033 0.016 Benzoic acid mg/l 0.119 0.073 0.12 0.071 Chromium (total) mg/l 1.1 0.46 - Naphthalene mg/l 0.059 0.022 - p-Cresol mg/l 0.024 0.015 0.025 0.014 pH S.U.a 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 Phenol mg/l 0.048 0.029 0.026 0.015 Pyridine mg/l 0.072 0.025 - Total suspended solids mg/l 88 27 88 27 58 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for waste management facilities. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 61 Zinc mg/l 0.535 0.296 0.2 0.11 a Standard unit Air Emission Levels (from incinerators) Parameter Unit Guideline Valuea Cadmium mg/m3 0.05-0.1 (0.5-8 hour average) Carbon monoxide mg/m3 50-150 Hydrochloric acid mg/m3 10 Hydrogen fluoride mg/m3 1 Mercury mg/m3 0.05-0.1 (0.5-8 hour average) Nitrogen oxides mg/m3 200-400 (24 hour average) Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran ng TEQ b/m3 0.1 Sulfur dioxide mg/m3 50 (24 hour average) Total metals mg/m3 0.5-1 (0.5-8 hour average) Total suspended particulates mg/m3 10 (24 hour average) a Applicable to both municipal solid waste and hazardous waste incinerators b Toxicity equivalence factor Incinerator bottom ash and other solid residue from industrial or medical hazardous wastes should be treated and disposed as hazardous waste unless it can be demonstrated to be not hazardous. 2.4.2 Wastewater Treatment Facilities59 This guideline applies to centralized wastewater treatment facilities receiving wastewater from residential, commercial and industrial users. Guideline values are applicable to treated sewage and contaminated storm water before being discharged to surface waters. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Ammonia mg/l 10 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chlorine (total residual) mg/l 0.2 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 59 Pollution prevention and abatement handbook. 1998. Toward cleaner production. World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 62 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 Cyanide (total) mg/l 1 Fluoride mg/l 20 Heavy metals (total) mg/l 10 Iron mg/l 3.5 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Selenium mg/l 0.1 Silver mg/l 0.5 Sulphide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Biosolids and Sludge Disposal60 Sludge from wastewater treatment facilities can be dewatered and disposed of to a landfill or through incineration. Where sludge has been demonstrated to have sufficiently low levels of toxic and microbial constituents, solids can be applied to land as a soil amendment material or used in agriculture as a fertilizer. The following guideline values should apply. Parameter Unita Guideline Value Arsenic mg/kg 75 Cadmium mg/kg 85 Chromium (total) mg/kg 3,000 Copper mg/kg 4,300 Lead mg/kg 840 Mercury mg/kg 57 Molybdenum mg/kg 75 Nickel mg/kg 420 Selenium mg/kg 100 Total coliform bacteria gb 1,000 Zinc mg/l 7,500 60 Use and disposal of sewage sludge. 2006. Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 503, United States Environmental Protection Agency. 63 a Dry weight b Per gram of total solids (dry weight) 2.5 Water Supply 2.5.1 Potable Water Treatment Facilities61 This guideline applies to the operation of centralized potable water treatment facilities sourcing water from rivers, lakes, reservoir or groundwater aquifer and treating through water purification. Water quality of potable water supply systems should meet applicable national drinking water standards62. Sludge from water purification should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to establish whether if constitutes a harmful or non-harmful waste and managed accordingly. Sludge from water treatment facilities can be dewatered and disposed of to a landfill. 2.6 Infrastructure and Service Development 2.6.1 Shipping63 This guideline applies to the operation and maintenance of ships used for the transport of bulk cargo, and goods. Cargo handling, vessel repair and maintenance, and other in-port activities are covered under the guideline for Ports and Harbors, while issues specific to the transfer and storage of bulk fuels are covered in the guideline for Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals. Vessels engaged in national traffic should conform to environmental performance requirements as specified by the Department of Marine Administration, Myanmar Ministry of Transport. Vessels engaged in international routes should additionally comply with environmental requirements set out in international regulations, primarily effluent standards for oil and grease and sewage as described in Annex I and IV of MARPOL, emissions standards for ozone depleting substances, and maritime diesel engine emissions and shipboard incinerator emissions described in Annex VI of MARPOL. 2.6.2 Ports, Harbors and Terminals64 This guideline applies to commercial ports, harbors and terminals for cargo and passenger transfer, and covers all aspects of onshore operations including cargo handling, chemical and petroleum storage and handling, embarking and disembarking of passengers, ship support services (e.g. electricity, fuel), waste and wastewater; and waterside operations including ship berthing, maintenance dredging, and vessel repair and maintenance (i.e. in dry dock). Given the nature of port operations there are few stationary effluent discharges (e.g. wastewater and storm water). Discrete point source sanitary wastewater and storm 61 Pollution prevention and abatement handbook. 1998. Toward cleaner production. World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 62 National Drinking Water Quality Standards Myanmar. 2014. Ministry of Health, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 63 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for shipping. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 64 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for ports, harbors and terminals. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 64 water should achieve the following source effluent levels and general air emissions guidelines shall apply. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.6.3 Health Care Facilities65 This guideline applies to a diverse range of facilities and activities involving general hospitals and small inpatient primary care hospitals, as well as outpatient, assisted living, and hospice facilities. Ancillary facilities may include medical laboratories and research facilities, mortuary centers, and blood banks and collection services. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Cadmium mg/l 0.05 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chlorine (total residual) mg/l 0.2 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Lead mg/l 0.1 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Oil and grease mg/l 15 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran ng b/l 0.1 Temperature increase °C <3c Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard Unit b Nanogram 65 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for health care facilities. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 65 c At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels (for hospital waste incineration facilities) Parameter Unit Guideline Value Antimony, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Manganese, Nickel, Vanadium mg/Nm3a 0.5 Cadmium + Thallium mg/Nm3 0.05 Carbon monoxide mg/Nm3 50 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Hydrogen fluoride mg/Nm3 1 Mercury mg/Nm3 0.05 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 200-400b Polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran ng/Nm3c TEQd 0.1 Sulfur dioxide mg/Nm3 50 Total organic carbon mg/Nm3 10 Total particulate matter mg/Nm3 10 a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b 200 mg/m3 for new plants or for existing plants with a nominal capacity exceeding 6 tons per hour, 400 mg/m3 for existing incinerators with a nominal capacity of 6 tons per hour or less c Nanograms per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure d Toxicity equivalence factor 2.6.4 Tourism and Hospitality Development66 This guideline applies to tourism and hospitality facilities, including hotels, resorts and other accommodation and catering facilities. Wastewater discharges should be managed through conventional treatment to achieve the indicated guideline values for discharge of sanitary water. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value 5-day Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l 50 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 66 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for tourism and hospitality development. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 66 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.6.5 Railways67 This guideline applies to activities typically conducted by rail infrastructure operators dedicated to passenger and freight transportation, including rail operations, covering construction and maintenance of rail infrastructure as well as operation of rolling stock, such as locomotives and railcars; and locomotive maintenance facilities, including engine services, and other mechanical repair and maintenance of locomotives and railcars. Process effluents from railway maintenance facilities involving metals machining, cleaning, and plating and finishing processes, including painting, should comply with the following levels applicable to treated effluent. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Aluminum mg/l 3 Ammonia mg/l 10 20 (electroplating) Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanides (free) mg/l 0.2 Cyanides (total) mg/l 1 Fluorides mg/l 20 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Silver mg/l 0.2 Sulfide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Tin mg/l 2 Total nitrogen mg/l 15 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 25 (electroplating) 67 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for railways. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 67 Volatile organic halogens mg/l 0.1 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge 2.6.6 Airports68 This guideline applies to the operation of commercial airports. Activities associated with aircraft operators including aircraft maintenance are covered by the Airlines guideline. Airport operations should establish site-specific discharge levels based on the requirements of publicly-operated sewage collection and treatment systems or, if discharged directly to surface waters, discrete point source sanitary wastewater and storm water should achieve the following source effluent levels and general air emissions guidelines shall apply. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.6.7 Airlines69 This guideline applies to activities typically conducted by passenger and cargo airline operators, including loading and unloading of passengers and cargo; and aircraft maintenance, including engine services, accessory parts overhaul, aircraft washing, aircraft repainting, and testing. Effluent Levels Emission and effluents from heavy maintenance facilities should be treated to a level consistent with the following guideline values. Parameter Unit Guideline Value Aluminum mg/l 3 68 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for airports. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 69 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for airlines. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 68 Ammonia mg/l 10 20 (electroplating) Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 250 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Chromium (total) mg/l 0.5 Copper mg/l 0.5 Cyanides (free) mg/l 0.2 Cyanides (total) mg/l 1 Fluorides mg/l 20 Iron mg/l 3 Lead mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Nickel mg/l 0.5 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Phenols mg/l 0.5 Silver mg/l 0.2 Sulfide mg/l 1 Temperature increase °C <3b Tin mg/l 2 Total nitrogen mg/l 15 Total phosphorus mg/l 5 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 25 (electroplating) Volatile organic halogens mg/l 0.1 Zinc mg/l 2 a Standard unit b At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity; when the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge Air Emission Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Ammonia mg/Nm3a 50 Hydrogen chloride mg/Nm3 10 Nitrogen oxides mg/Nm3 350 Particulate matter PM10b(metal surface treatments) mg/Nm 3 5 Particulate matter PM10 (plastic processing) mg/Nm3 3 Total organic carbon (rubber vulcanization) mg/Nm3 80 Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (metal surface treatments) mg/Nm 3 20 Volatile organic compounds (metal and mg/Nm3 100 (up to 15 69 plastic coating) tons/year solvent consumption) 75 (more than 15 tons/year solvent consumption) 50 (drying processes) Volatile organic compounds (rubber conversion) mg/Nm 3 20c Volatile organic compounds (surface cleaning) mg/Nm 3 20-75d a Milligrams per normal cubic meter at specified temperature and pressure b Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter c Facilities with solvent consumption greater than 15 tons/year d 20 mg/Nm3 for waste gases from surface cleaning using volatile organic compounds classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction; 75 mg/Nm3 for waste gases from other surface cleaning 2.6.8 Roads70 This guideline applies to construction, operation and maintenance of large, sealed road projects including associated bridges and overpasses. While roads do not typically give rise to significant point source effluents or air emissions, discrete point source sanitary wastewater and storm water should achieve the following source effluent levels and general air emissions guidelines shall apply. Issues relating to sourcing of construction materials are included in the guideline for Construction Material Extraction, while those related to vehicle service areas are included in the guideline for Retail Petroleum. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 70 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for toll roads. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 70 2.7 Mining 2.7.1 Construction Materials Extraction71 Thus guideline applies to construction materials extraction activities such as aggregates, limestone, slates, sand, gravel, clay, gypsum, feldspar, silica sands, and quartzite, as well as extraction of dimension stone. It addresses stand-alone projects and extraction activities supporting construction, civil works, and cement projects. Construction materials extraction operations do not typically generate point sources or effluents or emissions with the exception of dewatering effluents which may contain suspended solids. Effluent and storm water flows should be managed so as to achieve the following effluent levels. The principle sources of air emission are fugitive dust from earth works and materials handling and transport facilities. Prevention and control of air emissions should be sufficient to achieve the general air emission guideline for ambient air quality. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125 Oil and grease mg/l 10 pH S.U.a 6-9 Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400 Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 a Standard unit 2.7.2 Ore and Mineral Extraction72 This guideline applies to underground and open-pit mining, alluvial mining, solution mining, and marine dredging. Extraction of raw materials for construction products are addressed in the guideline for Construction Materials and Extraction. Effluent Levels Parameter Unit Guideline Value Arsenic mg/l 0.1 Cadmium mg/l 0.05 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 150 Chromium (hexavalent) mg/l 0.1 Copper mg/l 0.3 Cyanide mg/l 1 Cyanide (free) mg/l 0.1 71 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for construction materials extraction. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. 72 Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for mining. 2007. International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group 71 Cyanide (weak acid dissociable) mg/l 0.5 Iron (total) mg/l 2 Lead mg/l 0.2 Mercury mg/l 0.002 Nickel mg/l 0.5 pH S.U.a 6-9 Temperature °C <3 degreedifferential Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Zinc mg/l 0.5 a Standard unit 72 Appendix A – Unit Table Unit Expression °C Scale of measurement for temperature ADt Air dried metric ton (weight measurement for selling of pulp and paper) g/t e-PVC Grams per ton emulsion polyvinylchloride g/t s-PVC Grams per ton suspension polyvinylchloride HF Hydrofluoric acid Hz Hertz (frequency of electromagnetic waves) Kg Kilogram (unit of mass, one thousand milligrams) l Litre (volume of one cubic decimeter, a ten centimeter cube) LAeq (dBA) Equivalent continuous sound level in decibels mg Milligram (unit of mass, one thousandth of a kilogram) Nm3 Normal cubic meter at 0°C temperature 100 kilopascal pressure Sm3 Standard cubic meter at 15°C temperature and 100 kilopascal pressure MW Megawatt (rate of energy conversion or transfer with respect to time) ng Nanogram (weight equal to one billionth of a kilogram) nm Nanometer (length equal to one billionth of a meter) NPK Three-component (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) fertilizers PM2.5 Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter PM10 Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter S.U. Standard unit (of pH) TEQ Toxicity equivalence factor (toxicity of a mixture of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds) µT Micro tesla (magnetic flux density) V/m Volts per meter (intensity of an electromagnetic field)