Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018 – 2030)

1.1 Sectoral outcome 14

1.2 Expected results and indicators 14

1.3 Objectives for action areas 15

1.4 Actors 15

1.5 Master plan 1: Climate-resilient agricultural productivity is achieved to support food security, livelihood strategies, GDP growth and greenhouse gas reductions 18 2. Sustainable management of natural resources for healthy eco-systems 31

2.1 Sectoral outcome 31

2.2 Expected results and indicators 31

2.3 Objectives for action areas 32

2.4 Actors 32

2.5 Master plan 2: Management of natural resources for healthy ecosystems 34 3. Resilient and low-carbon energy transport and industrial systems for sustainable growth 45

3.1 Sectoral outcome 45

3.2 Expected results and indicators 45

3.3 Objectives for action areas 46

3.4 Actors 46

3.5 Master plan 3: Resilient and low-carbon energy, transport and industrial systems for sustainable growth 48 Page 7 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 4. Resilient, inclusive and sustainable cities and towns where people can live and thrive 56

4.1 Sectoral outcome 56

4.2 Expected results and indicators 56

4.3 Objectives for action areas 57

4.4 Actors 57

4.5 Master plan 4: Climate-resilient, inclusive and sustainable towns and cities where people can live and thrive 59 5. Climate risk management for people’s health and wellbeing 69

5.1 Sectoral outcome 69

5.2 Expected results and indicators 69

5.3 Objectives for action areas 70

5.4 Actors 70

5.5 Master Plan 5: Climate risk management for people’s health and wellbeing 72 6. Education, science and technology for a resilient society 82

6.1 Sectoral outcome 82

6.2 Expected results and indicators 82

6.3 Objectives for action 83

6.4 Actors 84

6.5 Master plan 6: Education, science and technology for a resilient society 86 Annex I: Detailed strategy formulation process 93 1. Description of the process 94 2. Guiding principles of MCCS formulation 95 3. Methodology and process 97 Phase 1. Defining the objectives and scope of the MCCS 97 Phase 2. Data collection, thematic consultations and sub-national workshops 100 Phase 3. Initial validation and improvement, first draft of strategy 104 Page 8 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Phase 4. Additional information gathering and validation of the advanced draft 105 Phase 5. Finalisation and dissemination of the MCCS 107 List of Figures Figure 1: The five phases of the MCCS formulation process 97 Figure 2: Five clusters formed out of 19 townships suggested at the Initiation Workshop in December 2014 99 Figure 3: First national workshop for MCCS formulation, April 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw 100 Figure 4: Participants of the local consultations in Thandwe, October 2015 104 Figure5: Second national workshop, Nay Pyi Taw, 2 November 2015 105 Page 9 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Introduction: how to use the master plan This part contains the master plan (MP) for the MCCS (2018–2030), to be implemented by partners in each of Myanmar's six key sectoral areas: 1. Agriculture, fisheries and livestock 2. Environment and natural resources 3. Energy, transport and industry 4. Cities, towns and human settlements 5. Climate hazards and health 6. Education, science and technology Each sectoral area has a designated focal agency that will monitor progress against the master plan. The master plan was formulated through over a year-long process of stakeholder consultations — from April 2015 to August 2016 — with representatives from several sectors, brought together under the Technical Working Group (TWG) of the Myanmar Climate Change Alliance Programme (MCCA). The result of these intense exchanges is a series of activities for each area of action, which we set out in this part. Although not a comprehensive list of all the actions possible in these broad sectors, they represent key entry points, with tangible and measurable outputs, that will contribute to achieving the MCCS’s overall goal: ‘By 2030, Myanmar has achieved climate-resilience and pursued a low-carbon growth pathway to support inclusive and sustainable development’ in line with the national vision of the MCCS, which is to ‘transform Myanmar into a climate-resilient and carbon-efficient nation that is capable of harnessing the benefits of low-carbon, resilient development for present and future generations in a sustainable and inclusive manner’. Master Plan’s design The master plan’s design includes: an overall outcome and expected results for the sector; strategic indicators; objectives for areas of action; activities for these objectives; outputs for the activities; indicators for each action; and timeframes and responsibilities. In this section, we provide an overview of each of these components. Page 10 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 1. Sectoral outcomes: These are concise descriptions of what the sector will resemble after the successful implementation of the master plan. The six sectoral outcomes are: (a) Climate-resilient productivity and climate-smart responses in the agriculture, fisheries and livestock sectors to support food security and livelihood strategies while also promoting resource-efficient and low- carbon practices (b) Natural resource management that enhances the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystem services that support social and economic development and deliver carbon sequestration (c) Climate-resilient and low-carbon energy, transport and industrial systems that support inclusive and sustainable development and economic growth (d) All township and city dwellers, including the most vulnerable, are safe from increased risks of rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters and live in sustainable, inclusive, low-carbon, climate-resilient towns (e) Communities and economic sectors are able to respond to and recover from climate-induced disasters, risks and health impacts and build a healthy society, and (f) Strengthened education, awareness and technological systems that foster a climate-responsive society and human capital to design and implement climate-resilient and low-carbon development solutions for inclusive and sustainable development Achieving all these sectoral outcomes will help Myanmar achieve the MCCS's main objectives and reach its overall goal of achieving climate-resilience and pursued a low-carbon growth pathway to support inclusive and sustainable development by 2030. 2. Sectoral expected results: These are the key minimal and tangible achievements each sector must attain to achieve the sectoral outcome. They are the building blocks that drive sectoral action. Page 11 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 3. Strategic indicators: An indication of the type of processes, laws, policies and activities that must be set up in order to monitor change. Indicators do not include numeric baselines for now, although the strategy's implementation mechanism may decide to improve them. 4. Objectives for areas of action: These are six areas for action that activities that stakeholders have agreed to focus on during the consultations. They are the objectives each sector aims to attain and activities under each master plan fall under one of the six areas of action (policy, institutions, finance, capacity and technology, awareness, partnerships). For example, Objective for action area 1: "To integrate climate change in environment and natural resource management policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels.” 5. Activities for these objectives: These are all the activities, as agreed by stakeholders during the consultations, that will contribute to achieving the objectives under each area of action. They range from ongoing projects and sectoral activities that need to be continued and strengthened, to new projects that need to be initiated. 6. Outputs for the activities: Each activity has one or more output that can be achieved within the duration of the strategy. Delivering these outputs will contribute to achieving the expected sectoral results. 7. Indicators: These are both quantitative and qualitative, and show stakeholders which signs to observe to monitor progress. Target values and baselines for these indicators are not presented at this stage; but rather provide an indication of how to monitor progress that the implementation mechanism can improve as required. 8. Timeframe: This is divided in three segments: activities taking place within 3, 8 and 13 years, corresponding to the short, medium and long term. Sectors need to report on or record their activities within these segments. So, for example, activities that can be initiated and achieved in two years fall within the short-term segment while those that will achieve outputs in six years fall under the medium-term. Activities that can be completed only in the long-term fall under the 13-year segment. Some activities - Page 12 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) such as awareness - will fall under all three segments, as we expect that, although tangible outputs can appear in the short term, they will require continuation over time. 9. Responsibility: This sets out roles and responsibilities for leading, driving, reporting on and participating in the actions and activities. An ambitious strategy like the MCCS cannot be achieved without the participation of many different actors. 10. Actors and reporting: Each sector has an overall focal agency that reports to the secretariat on overall progress towards each sectoral outcome. For ease of monitoring and reporting, the MCCS reports on progress towards sectoral expected results only. There is a lead for each action and activity. The focal agencies are responsible for regularly reporting progress towards sectoral outcomes by consulting the different leads. Page 13 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 1. Climate-smart agriculture, fisheries, livestock for food security

1.1 Sectoral outcome Climate-resilient productivity and climate-smart responses in the agriculture, fisheries and livestock sectors to support food security and livelihood strategies while also promoting resource-efficient and low-carbon practices.

1.2 Expected results and indicators Sectoral expected results Strategic indicators The agriculture, fisheries and # of sectoral polices, plans, research and development livestock sectors have integrated strategy and extension services that integrate climate climate change into their relevant change and are practiced at national, sub-national policies, planning and budgeting and local levels; procedures and have put these into # of officials trained on sector-specific guidelines and practice, taking into account gender tools for integrating climate change into planning and considerations. budgeting systems; # of sectors, geographical areas, and technology- The agriculture, fisheries and specific institutional arrangements, including a multi- livestock sectors have adopted stakeholder engagement framework developed to climate-resilient and implement climate change responses at national, sub- environmentally sound adaptation national and local levels; technologies and climate-smart # of climate change adaptation projects implemented management practices, supported through externally supported finance and domestic by international and domestic resources; finance. # of climate-smart technologies and good practices introduced and scaled up in Central Dry Zone, the Institutional coordination and multi- Ayeyarwady Delta and Coastal Zone and lowland stakeholder engagement framework areas; have been established and support # of farmers (both men and women) benefiting from the implementation of climate- the introduction of climate-smart technologies and smart responses in the agricultural, other responses; fisheries and livestock sectors, # of multi-stakeholder partnerships that supported the Page 14 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) including innovative business scaling up of climate-resilient and low-carbon models and gender-sensitive responses. approaches.

1.3 Objectives for action areas 1. Integrate climate change into agriculture, fishery and livestock policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels. 2. Establish and reinforce institutional arrangements to plan and implement climate change responses. 3. Establish financial mechanisms to mobilize and allocate resources for climate change response and climate-responsive development. 4. Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices. 5. Enhance awareness and capacity to promote and implement climate-resilient and low-carbon responses. 6. Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships to support and scale up climate-resilient and low-carbon responses.

1.4 Actors Lead actor: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MOALI), including the following departments:  Department of Agriculture (DOA),  Department of Agricultural Research (DAR),  Department of Rural Development;  Department of Planning;  Department of Agriculture Land Management and Statistics ;  Agriculture Mechanization Department,  Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department, and Page 15 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)  Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department; Department of Fisheries; and Department of Planning Other actors: • Academic and research institutions (ARIs) — such as agricultural and forestry universities • Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment Conservation (MONREC), Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) • Regional and state government for addressing local priorities • Ministry of Planning and Finance (MOPF) • Ministry of Transport and Communication (MOTC), Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) • Ministry of Health and Sports (MOHS) • Ministry of Industry (MOI) • Ministry of Education (MOE) • Ministry of Construction (MOC) • Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MOSWRR) • Local government at regional, district and township levels • Development partners (DPs), including European Union (EU), Department for International Development (DFID), the Asian Development Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and UN Environment (UNEP) • Farmer and fishery groups and co-operatives (co-ops) • National NGOs (including women’s NGOs) • International NGOs (INGOs) • International agencies (IAs) • International financing institutions (IFIs) • Civil society organisations (CSOs) Page 16 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) • Community-based organisations (CBOs) • Private sector (PS) • Media. Page 17 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

1.5 Master plan 1: Climate-resilient agricultural productivity is achieved to support food security, livelihood strategies, GDP growth and greenhouse gas reductions Objective for Action Area 1: Integrate climate change into agriculture, fishery and livestock policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop guidelines (tools, contents) to Guidelines for mainstreaming # of guidelines developed MOALI MONREC mainstream climate change into climate change developed (ECD), agriculture, fisheries, livestock and MOPF irrigation Pilot and promote inclusive and Local adaptation plans # of local adaptation plans MOALI MONREC, participatory adaptation planning at the prepared at the local level prepared in NGOs, local level to integrate climate change in # of climate-vulnerable areas CBOs local government, CSO and CBO agriculture and livelihood plans Develop climate change research and Research and extension # of research and extension MOALI MONREC extension strategy for agriculture, strategy, including action strategies and action plans in fisheries and livestock sectors, including plan, developed place an action plan for climate-smart agriculture strategy Page 18 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Develop guidelines and action plan to Guidelines and action plan on # of guidelines, action plans MOALI MONREC mainstream gender in climate change- a climate change-related and gender focal officials in related policies of agriculture, fisheries, perspective on gender in each sector livestock and irrigation sectors respective sectors developed Develop training modules for fisherfolk Training module on climate # of fisherfolk and farmers MOALI MONREC, and farmers on how to integrate climate change integration developed trained on climate change NGOs, change into local-level planning integration CBOs Implement efficient water management Water management # of water management MOALI MONREC practices in vulnerable townships and technologies adopted by technologies promoted in (DAR) (ECD), LG, states, including mountainous and flood- farmers # of climate vulnerable areas CSOs, prone areas, delta regions and Dry Zone IWUMD Implement eco-friendly crops and bio- Farmers have increased # of farmers adopting eco- MOALI PS, MOEE energy schemes targeting climate access to eco-friendly crops friendly crops and bio-energy vulnerable households in Shan state and and bio-energy schemes schemes the Dry Zone Identify and implement livelihood Vulnerable households have # of households with improved MOALI MONREC, diversification activities (both on- and improved access to livelihood access to livelihood NGOs, off- farm) in vulnerable areas of Dry diversification activities diversification activities CBOs Zone, delta, mountain and coastal areas, targeting poor and landless households Develop mitigation and low-carbon National mitigation and low- # of MOALI activities on MOALI MONREC strategy, including plan for agriculture, carbon development strategy mitigation and low-carbon (ECD), fisheries and livestock sectors, in line and plan in place development MOPF with Myanmar's intended nationally Page 19 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) determined contribution (INDC) and Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (CSAS) Implement information and Water management # of water management MOALI LG, IAs communication technology (ICT)-based technologies practiced by technologies promoted in (IWUMD) monitoring system and retrofitting works irrigation engineers irrigated areas in irrigation systems for effective water management by using geospatial technologies Objective for action area 2: Establish and reinforce institutional arrangements to plan and implement climate change responses. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Establish national-level climate change Climate change working # of climate change working MOALI MONREC and agriculture, fishery and livestock groups established group events (ECD), working groups to improve coordination MOPF and synergy Establish climate change cell or division Climate change cell or # climate change cell or MOALI MONREC within MOALI division within MOALI division activities (ECD), established MOPF Page 20 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Establish institutional platform to Learning and knowledge # of events organised by MOALI MONREC exchange learning and share knowledge sharing forum on climate- learning and knowledge (ECD), on climate-smart agriculture, fisheries smart agriculture, fisheries management forum MOE and livestock and livestock established Develop terms of reference for climate Human resource development # of ministry staff trained on MOALI MONREC change cell and human resource capacity plan for climate change climate change (ECD), to integrate climate change within MOALI capacity building developed MOPF Conduct gender analysis and develop Gender and climate change # of gender and climate MOALI Women’s capacity to integrate gender perspectives working groups established change working groups' events NGOs, into climate change responses to and gender analysis MOSWRR agriculture developed Develop institutional guidelines and Guidelines and strategy for # of decentralised institutions MOALI MONREC strategy for promoting decentralised decentralised community formed (ECD), community institutions for effective institutions developed MOPF, climate change response CSOs, DPs Establish and strengthen cooperatives or Co-operative, associations # of co-operatives or MOALI NGOs, DPs, farmer, fisherfolk, water user, herder and groups capacitated on associations formed LG associations to collectively deal with climate change climate change issues Page 21 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 3: Establish financial mechanisms to mobilise and allocate resources for climate change response and climate-responsive development. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop, integrate and legalise a risk- Risk-based insurance system # of farmers benefiting from MOALI LG, farmer based insurance system to cover the loss is either integrated into risk-based insurance system MOPF groups and damage of crops, livestock and existing legislation or the and co- fisheries due to climate-induced disasters development of new laws and ops, PS regulation Establish and promote microcredit Microcredit co-operatives # of farmers benefiting; MOALI LG, NGOs cooperatives to increase access to established # of microcredit co-operatives CBOs, DPs, financing for small enterprises, benefiting established PS vulnerable households Develop budget guidelines and spending Budget guidelines and % of annual budget allocation MOALI MOPF, DPs tracking system within MOALI to integrate spending tracking system on climate change climate change in annual budgeting developed Identify and promote financial incentive Farmers have improved # of farmers in Dry Zone and MOALI MOPF, PS mechanisms — such as loans, microcredit access to financial incentive delta with access to loans, and grants — targeting vulnerable mechanisms microcredit and grants (min. households in Dry Zone and delta areas, 30% women) with gender considerations based on Page 22 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) gender analysis Integrate climate change economic and Economic and investment # of projects or plans with MOALI MOPF, PS investment appraisal criteria — such as appraisal criteria integrated integrated economic and cost benefit analysis— into internal MOALI investment appraisal criteria strategy and plans Objective for action area 4: Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Identify climate-smart agricultural Efficient water management # of farmers with access to MOALI LG, ARIs, technology and practices such as efficient technologies and practices efficient water management PS, NGOs, and improved water management promoted, including micro technologies and practices CBOs, IAs technologies that are suitable for Dry and drip irrigation; rainwater Zone, delta, mountain and coastal areas; harvesting; small and prepare the extension materials medium-scale irrigation schemes Provide trainings to farmers and Farmer and fisherfolk # of farmers trained on MOALI, LG, NGOs, fisherfolk on climate-smart agriculture climate-smart technology climate-smart technology and CBOs, IAs technologies and practices — such as capacity enhanced management practices improved soil and nutrient management, (minimum 30% women) improved cropping and community aquaculture — with gender Page 23 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) considerations based on gender analysis Establish and promote climate-smart Climate-smart villages # of climate-smart villages MOALI, LG, NGOs, villages that focus on technology established established in climate- CBOs, IAs demonstration and generating climate vulnerable areas change knowledge Carry out infrastructure design and Infrastructure design and # of infrastructure design and MOALI MOSWRR, studies to protect agricultural land in studies carried out studies in the coastal and MOC coastal and delta areas from salt water delta areas intrusion Implement dam instrumentation, hydro- Emergency operation Dam safety in context of MOALI MONREC, meteorological monitoring and procedure developed climate change (IWUMD) IAs forecasting models for operating reservoirs in the context of climate change; and monitor reservoir areas using geospatial technologies Improve reservoir system performance for Increase water productivity Climate smart water MOALI MONREC, sustainable water management under management implemented (IWUMD) IAs climate change Establish real-time hydro-meteorological Early warning system Amount of early warning MOALI MONREC, monitoring and warning systems in the established at dam sites and information disseminated to (IWUMD) IAs reservoir area using ICT and geospatial nearby vulnerable populations in the technologies affected area Develop and promote early maturing and Suitable stress-tolerant # of stress-tolerant varieties MOALI LG, ARIs, Page 24 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) heat tolerant rice varieties to cope with varieties or breeds developed and breeds disseminated at NGOs, PS, drought and water stress-in Dry Zone, and disseminated in dry, local level IAs delta and coastal areas delta and coastal areas Promote community-based seed bank in Farmers have improved # of community-based seed MOALI LG, ARIs, Dry Zone areas to increase access to access to climate-resilient banks established NGOs, PS, resilient seed and planting materials seed and planting materials IAs Promote stress-tolerant fish and Stress-tolerant breeds # of communities with MOALI LG, ARIs, livestock breeds, targeting vulnerable identified and promoted improved access to stress- NGOs, PS, households in the Dry Zone, delta and tolerant breeds identified and IAs coastal areas promoted Establish early warning system, auto rain Early warning systems, auto # of early warning systems, MOALI, MONREC, gauge, telemetry and auto water level rain-gauge, telemetry and auto rain-gauge, telemetry irrigation- IAs monitoring system in lower delta region auto water level monitoring and water level monitoring dept system established stations in lower delta Introduce low-emission farming Low-emission farming # of farmers with access to MOALI MONREC, technology and practices, targeting technology and practices low-emission farming IAs, MOE farmers in climate-impacted regions (Dry, promoted technology and practices; Coastal, Delta and Hilly Zones, flood- # of female-headed prone areas), with gender considerations households; based on gender analysis # of practices and technologies Test and promote ecofriendly plans and Dry Zone townships have # of townships implementing MOALI MONREC, bioenergy schemes in selected Dry Zone ecofriendly plans and ecofriendly plans and IAs, MOEE townships bioenergy schemes bioenergy schemes Page 25 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Establish three pilot stations for climate Pilot stations for crop, fishery # of pilot climate research MOALI ARIs, change research (crop, fishery and and livestock improvement stations established and MONREC, livestock improvement research) research) are established and operating internatio operating -nal organisati -on Promote fuel-efficient agro-machineries, Fuel-efficient machineries # of fuel-efficient machineries MOALI MONREC, residue management and reduced tillage and systems promoted and systems promoted in IAs, MOEE practices and technology # of townships Objective for action area 5: Enhance awareness and capacity to promote and implement climate-resilient and low- carbon responses. Timeframe Activity Output Indicator (years) Responsibility 3 8 13 Establish climate change database Climate changedatabase # of staff, researchers and MOALI LG, IAs management system at the MOALI management system farmers benefiting from established database system Provide training to MOALI monitoring unit Training provided to staff of # of monitoring unit staff MOALI LG, IAs on approaches to improve climate risk the MOALI monitoring unit received training analysis and related data monitoring and management Page 26 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Develop flood hazard maps in flood- Flood hazard maps developed # of flood hazard maps MOALI MOTC prone areas to assess the agricultural developed targeting climate- (DHM), damage sensitive agriculture areas and IAs, flood-prone zones MONREC Build capacity to develop national and National and regional # of farmers benefiting from MOALI MOTC regional monitoring and surveillance plan monitoring and surveillance the monitoring and (DHM), for the fisheries sector system in place surveillance system IAs, MONREC Build capacity to establish more agro- Agro-met and hydro-met # of agro-met and hydro-met MOALI LG, IAs, meterological and hydro-met stations to stations established stations established (DOA, strengthen weather and climate IWUMD) information Carry out trainings for farmers on using Farming practices based on Amount of agro-met and MOALI LG, IAs agro-met and climate information agro-met and climate climate information provided (DOA) information to farmers Build capacity to carry out hydrological Hydrological analysis carried # of hydrological analyses MOALI, MONREC, analysis in all flood- sensitive areas out carried out IWUMD IAs Carry out advanced trainings for Improved hydrologic and # of trainings for improved MOALI IAs hydrologic and hydraulic modeling with hydraulic analysis capacity in hydrologic and (IWUMD) earth observation systems and; set up hydraulic analysis technical co-operation with IAs Strengthen capacity to improve land use Improved land use maps for # of improved land use maps MOALI MOTC maps of vulnerable townships in the Dry climate vulnerable areas (DMH), Page 27 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Zone, delta and coastal areas MONREC Establish an agriculture information AIMS and agro-advisory # of farmers and fisherfolk MOALI, MOIN, LG, management system (AIMS) and agro- mechanism established and benefiting from AIMS and MOTC NGOs, advisory mechanism for improving promoted agro-advisory mechanism (DMH) CBOs, IAs, farmers' access to climate-relevant media information Carry out climate change awareness- Government staff trained on # of government staff trained MOALI MOI, raising and capacity-building activities, climate change on climate change MOTC, targeting extension agents and LG, CSOs, government staff media Provide climate change training for staff Academics and researchers # of academics and MOALI MOI, of academic and research institutions so trained on climate change researchers trained on climate MOTC, they can generate climate-relevant change LG, CSOs, information and knowledge media Establish environment clubs or societies Environment clubs and # of environment club and MOALI MONREC in schools and universities and support societies established society activities (ECD), LG, them to integrate climate change within NGOs their activities Develop farmer-friendly, gender-sensitive Training and awareness- # of training and awareness MOALI MOI, training and awareness-raising materials raising materials produced raising materials produced and MOTC, to address climate change and used used LG, CSOs, media Provide awareness and training on Farmers are trained on # of farmers trained on MOALI MOI, improved water, soil-nutrient, pest and improved management improved management MOTC, Page 28 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) disease management practices, with practices practices, disaggregated by sex LG, CSOs, gender considerations. media Develop flood hazard map and carry out Flood management in flood- # of flood-protected areas MOALI MOTC(DM structural measures in flood-prone areas prone areas (IWUMD) H), IAs to assess agricultural damage Objective for action area 6: Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships to support and scale up climate-resilient and low- carbon responses. Timeframe Activity Output Indicator (years) Responsibility 3 8 13 Establish national, regional, district and Multi-stakeholder climate # events organised by multi- MOALI MONREC township-level multi-stakeholder climate change response committee stakeholder committees (ECD), LG, change response committees established NGOs Develop guidelines and regulations to Private sector partnerships # of private sector actors MOALI MOPF, PS enable private sector and other for investment in insurance engaged in insurance and stakeholder investment on risk financing and contract farming contract farming promoted Develop collaborative projects targeting a Collective actions promoted # of projects implemented in MOALI DPs, PS, third of the most vulnerable households among different actors to # of climate vulnerable areas CBOs in five states/regions on an annual basis address climate change impacts at local level Page 29 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Establish a national-level, multi- Multi-stakeholder engaged # of climate-vulnerable MOALI, IFIs, PS, stakeholder engaged risk-based financing risk-based financial households benefiting from MOPF MONREC mechanism (loss and damage fund and mechanism established multi-stakeholder engaged (ECD) modality) to support climate-vulnerable risk-based financing households Page 30 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 2. Sustainable management of natural resources for healthy eco-systems

2.1 Sectoral outcome Natural resource management that enhances the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystem services that support social and economic development and deliver carbon sequestration.

2.2 Expected results and indicators Sectoral expected results Strategic indicators Climate change dimensions are # of policy, strategies, laws and by-laws that incorporated and enforced in integrate climate change, including resilient and environment and natural resource low-carbon provisions management policies, rules and # of officials trained on sector-specific guidelines regulations and tools for integrating climate change into planning and budgeting systems Environmentally sound technologies and good # of sector - and technology- specific mitigation and management practices are adaptation action plans implemented in regions or adopted for improving and areas with higher deforestation and degradation maintaining forest, water, land issues and coastal ecosystem health and # of households, NGOs and CBOs benefiting from services. access to, and implementation of, environmentally sound technologies and good management Framework for institutional practices, including ecosystem-based adaptation coordination and multi- approach, with training stakeholder engagement is established and supports access # of geographical areas covered and technology- to finance and implementation of specific institutional arrangements - including multi- responses for health, stakeholder engagement framework - developed to environment and natural resource implement climate change responses at national, management. sub-national and local levels # of climate change projects implemented through Page 31 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) externally supported finance and domestic resources that address issues in the natural resource management sector.

2.3 Objectives for action areas 1. Integrate climate change in environment and natural resource management policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels. 2. Establish and reinforce institutional arrangements to plan and implement climate change responses. 3. Establish financial mechanisms to mobilise and allocate resources for climate change response and climate-responsive development. 4. Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices. 5. Enhance awareness and capacity to promote and implement climate-resilient and low-carbon responses. 6. Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships to support and scale up climate-resilient and low-carbon responses.

2.4 Actors Lead actor: MONREC, including the following departments: • Forest Department • Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) • Dry Zone Greening Department, • National Environmental Conservation and Climate Change Central Committee (NECCCCC). Other actors • MOALI: IWUMD • Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) Page 32 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) • Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (MOHT): Directorate of Hotels and Tourism • Ministry of Planning and Finance (MOPF) • MOTC: Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) • Ministry of Industry (MOI) • Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA): Department of General Administration (GAD) • Ministry of Information (MOI) • National Water Resources Committee (NWRC) • Local government (LG): regional, district and township • NGOs — for example, Myanmar Environment Restoration Network (MERN), REAM, ECO-Dev, WWF, EECDI, Spectrum, Green Lotus and FREDA • Academic and research institutions (ARIs) (forestry university; departments of botany, arts and science, environment science) • Development partners (DPs) • International agencies (IAs) • International financing institutions (IFIs) • Community forestry user groups (CFUGs) • Buffer zone user groups • NGOs • CSOs • CBOs • Other groups — for example, women's groups • Media • Private sector (PS). Page 33 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

2.5 Master plan 2: Management of natural resources for healthy ecosystems Objective for action area 1: Integrate climate change in environment and natural resource management policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Integrate climate change in the new Climate change integrated in # of policies, laws, by-laws and MONRE MOPF, environment policy and law, and in environment, tourism, land use strategies that integrate C, DPs existing sectoral policies such as forest, and forest policy and laws climate change MOHT, water, tourism and land use MOALI Support in preparing climate change Climate change adaptation # of climate-resilient and low- MONRE MOPF, policies, National Adaptation Plan (NAP), and mitigation policies and carbon development-relevant C, DPs Green Growth Strategy, National strategies developed and policies and strategies MOHT, Appropriate Mitigation Actions and Low- legalised MOALI Carbon Development Strategy Develop climate change vulnerability All townships and cities of # of vulnerability assessments MONRE MOHA assessments and local adaptation and Myanmar have vulnerability from a low baseline (2 in 2017) C (GAD) resilience plans in all townships and cities assessments – or at least (ECD), # of local adaptation and simplified vulnerability MOC resilience plans from a low analysis (DUHD) baseline All townships and cities of Page 34 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Myanmar have local adaptation plans – or adaptation and resilience measures integrated into their planning Integrate gender considerations and Climate change adaptation # of policies and strategies MONRE MOPF, guidelines in INDC implementation action and mitigation policies and with a gender perspective C DPs plan, REDD+ and NAP strategies developed with a gender perspective Prepare REDD+ and INDC implementation INDC and REDD+ policies, REDD+ implementation action MONRE MOALI, action plan to integrate climate change strategies and plans integrated plan put into practice in C and CBOs, into the national legal framework and in national laws, policies and individu NGOs, # of townships and states with development plans development plans al depts IAs, PS high deforestation and degradation rates Integrate climate into guidelines for Guidelines for inventory, # of inventory, guidelines and MONRE MOALI, inventory (forest, GHG), monitoring monitoring, mapping are maps integrate climate change C MOTC (National Forest Monitoring and developed or updated (DMH), Information) and mapping MOHA (GAD), MOPF, MOHT Develop climate screening/proofing and Climate screening and # of climate-resilient plans or MONRE MOALI, planning guidelines and tools to climate- planning guidelines and tools investments that integrate C IAs, MOI, Page 35 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) proof investments developed climate change MOEE, MOPF, PS Develop/update existing compliance EIA, SIA, SEA applied to # of projects, programmes and MONREC MOALI, systems (EIA, Strategic Environmental enforce compliance to risk investments that apply social MOI, Assessment (SEA) , Social Impact reduction and mitigation plans and environmental safeguards MOEE, Assessment (SIA) to include climate risk — for example, in mining, large IAs, management and mitigation plans infrastructure construction and MOPF, PS industry Develop and implement adaptation and Action plans for critical # of mitigation and adaptation MONREC LG, CBOs, mitigation action plans for critical ecosystems developed and action plans implemented in (ECD NGOs, ecosystems including coastal areas, implemented regions or areas with higher and DPs wetlands (such as Inle lake), watersheds deforestation and degradation other and catchment areas issues depts) Identify and promote successful climate- Successful climate-resilient # of ecosystem-based MONREC CBOs, resilient ecosystem-based adaptation ecosystem-based adaptation adaptation approaches (ECD NGOs, practices that are suitable for different practices suitable for different developed, piloted and and DPs eco-regions and forest conditions eco-regions and forest promoted other conditions are identified and depts) promoted Implement livelihood diversification Improved access to livelihood # of communities with access MONREC MOPF, activities — such as skill oriented training diversification options for to , MOALI CBOs, on enterprise development, value addition forest-dependent communities PS, IAs # of livelihood diversification and marketing targeting — to community options forestry user group (CFUG) members, Page 36 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) including landless, women and other vulnerable households Introduce microfinance and credit facilities Microfinance and credit # of vulnerable households MONREC MOPF, to support climate-smart diversified facilities promoted, targeting with access to microfinance , MOALI CBOs,PS, livelihood options for poor households in vulnerable townships and and credit facilities; IAs vulnerable townships or districts to male districts to all households, # of male-headed and female and female-headed households making sure female-headed headed households (using households are included and gender-disaggregated separately monitored monitoring) Develop policy guidelines and directives to Forest gene bank policy and # of policies and guidelines for MONREC LG,NGOs, establish gene bank to protect species guidelines established gene bank management in (FD, IAs under threat from climate change place ECD) Pilot and scale up REDD+ activities in the REDD+ actions implemented, # of activities implemented MONREC MOALI,IAs areas where deforestation and contributing to control that target critical forest and (FD, , PS, degradation is high and in critical forest deforestation and degradation ecosystem areas DZGD) areas Page 37 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for area action 2: Establish and reinforce Institutional arrangements to plan and implement climate change responses Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Initiate meetings and discussion to Co-ordination among # of activities carried out by NECCCC ECD harmonise and align existing co-ordination ministries and institutions in coordination mechanism on C, mechanisms — such as MCCA and relation to climate change climate change MONREC NECCCCC — to integrate climate change policies improved Develop training courses and curriculum Forestry professionals' and # of forestry professionals and MONREC MOALI, on climate change integration, assessment practitioners' capacity on practitioners trained on (FD, MOE, and planning, including monitoring and climate change assessment climate change ECD) MOHT, evaluation and planning improved ARIs MOHA (GAD) Organise discussion forums to strengthen Climate change department or # of discussion forums and MONREC MOPF, climate change portfolio within ECD and section established and meetings organised to (ECD) DPs its departments strengthened within MONREC strengthen climate change functions Develop local-level institutional Decentralised institutional co- # of township- and MONREC MOPF, mechanisms to integrate climate change ordination mechanism community-level co- (ECD) DPs within the sub-national and local plan and developed ordination mechanisms activities, with a gender perspective developed; Page 38 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) # of sessions discussing gender and climate change Objective for action area 3: Establish financial mechanisms to mobilise and allocate resources for climate change response and climate-responsive development Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop fund management and operating Fund management and # of meetings and workshop MONR Bilateral guidelines to operationalise an operating guidelines organised to discuss the EC and environmental management fund developed guidelines (ECD), multilatera MOPF l agencies, IFIs, PS Develop an innovative climate fund Innovative climate fund % of disbursement of funds to MONR LG, CBOs, mechanism — such as Payment for Eco- established # of CBOs and communities to EC NGOs, IAs System Services or carbon credits — and incentivise environment- (FD, such as guidelines at national and sub-national friendly practices such DZGD), the Green levels (within MONREC-ECD) as agroforestry, SWM MOALI Climate Fund (GCF) technologies Develop a national-level climate financing Strategy and plans to harness % of increased access to MONR MOPF, strategy and roadmap (accessing source international financing to international climate financing EC MOALI, and investment areas) to secure ensure the development of a through REDD+ and other (ECD) MOHT Page 39 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) investment on climate change credits or incentives mechanisms such as Least mechanism Developed Countries Funs (LDCF), GCF and Adaptation Fund (AF) Develop guidelines and procedures for Guidelines and procedures for # of national preparedness and MONR MOPF, meeting international standards for fund meeting international capacity building activities EC MOALI, access — for example, GCF or AF) with standards for fund developed implemented for (ECD) MOHT gender-sensitive requirements GCF and AF readiness Develop bankable projects to implement Bankable climate change # of projects developed on MONR MOPF, climate change adaptation and mitigation projects developed climate change-relevant EC MOALI, priorities priorities (ECD) MOHT Objective for action area 4: Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop, test and scale up sustainable soil Alternative technologies and # of households and CBOs in MONR LG, CBOs, and water management technologies and land use practices for the mountain and coastal EC CFUGs, practices in climate vulnerable areas managing deforestation and region received training and MOALI, degradation piloted and extension support on NGOs promoted alternative technologies Organise events to improve farmers' Increased farmer access to # of households and CBOs in MONR LG, CBOs, Page 40 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) technological access to climate-smart climate-smart technologies mountain and coastal regions EC CFUGs, technology and practices — for example, who have received training MOALI, improved land management practices and extension support on NGOs such as agroforestry — with gender alternative technologies; considerations # of female-headed households Establish forest gene banks and Gene bank and species # of forest gene banks and MONR LG, CBOs, conservation zones targeting climate- conservation zones established conservation zone targeted EC CFUGs, sensitive ecosystems such as mangroves climate sensitive ecosystems MOALI, and wetlands established NGOs Implement energy efficiency plans Energy efficiency schemes and # of households with access to MONR MOPF, focusing on biomass conservation — for biomass conservation energy-efficient schemes such EC, MOEE, example, improving fuel-wood use implemented as biogas and bio-briquettes; MOEE CSOs, PS, efficiency through technology; energy- IAs # of female-headed efficient stoves; biogas; or bio briquettes households — with gender considerations in the most vulnerable townships, targeting a number of households Page 41 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 5: Enhance awareness and capacity to promote and implement climate-resilient and low- carbon responses Timeframe Indicator Responsibility Activity Output (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop plan and materials for climate Climate change awareness and # of climate change awareness MOE, MOHA change awareness and capacity capacity building plan and capacity development MONR (GAD), development (for training of trainers) developed materials EC MOALI, (ECD) MOIN, CSOs,As, media, NGOs, LG Implement training and awareness-raising Improved awareness of public # of training, education and MOE, MOHA activities on climate change, targeted at on the importance of awareness-raising activities, MONR (GAD), landless, female-headed households and ecosystem health and services including vocational training, EC MOALI, vulnerable communities, including ethnic in light of climate change for vulnerable households (ECD) MOIN, groups impacts CSOs, media,LG, NGOs, IAs Provide capacity building training on MONREC has improved # of trainings organised MONR MOE, vulnerability and risk assessment capacity to effectively respond involving EC MOPF,IAs, (inventory, climate hazard mapping), to climate change impacts # of forestry professionals NGOs information management (database Page 42 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) system) and dissemination (communication strategy) Organise capacity-building activities Improved academic and # of capacity-building MONR IAs, PS targeted at academic and research research capacity activities involving EC, institutions to mainstream climate change # of academic and research MOHA professionals (GAD), ARIs, MOPF Provide grants for university teachers and Research grants established # of university teachers and MONR MOPF, students to conduct research on climate and operationalised students engaged in climate EC, MOALI, IAs change issues within the environment and change impact on these MOHT, natural resource management sectors sectors ARIs Develop mass communication and Mass communication and # of media involved on MONR MOALI, dissemination strategy for communicating dissemination strategy communicating and EC, CBOs, DPs climate change to local communities with developed disseminating climate change MOIN, a gender-sensitive communications awareness media approach Page 43 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 6: Promote multi-partnership mechanisms to support and scale up climate-resilient and low- carbon responses in the environment and natural resource management sectors Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Establish a climate change, environment Working groups on climate # of functional coordination MONRE LG,CSOs, and biodiversity working group involving change established mechanisms involving multiple C (ECD, IAs, PS multiple stakeholders stakeholders FD), PS Support CFUG and other networks' Enhanced coordination and # of national federations of MONR MONREC, activities to enhance public participation networking among CFUGs community forestry and water EC CSOs,LG, in addressing climate change issues user groups established and IAs such as promoted WWF Develop strategy and proposals for joint Strategy and proposals on # of climate change projects MONR MOPF, actions to access climate finance - for climate finance developed implemented in EC CSOs, example, through GCF, AF, LDCF or the # of climate change priority donors Climate Investment Fund areas Implement joint collaborative project Joint collaborative projects # of joint and collaborative MONR MOPF, involving government, NGOs, development implemented at local level projects addressing climate EC CSOs, agencies and international partners in change issues in the natural donors targeted climate-sensitive and vulnerable resource management sector areas of Myanmar Page 44 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 3. Resilient and low-carbon energy transport and industrial systems for sustainable growth

3.1 Sectoral outcome Climate-resilient and low-carbon energy, transport and industrial systems that support inclusive and sustainable development and economic growth.

3.2 Expected results and indicators Sectoral expected results Strategic indicators Energy security for the country is # of sectoral laws and norms that are inspired by based on generating a large share sustainability concerns of its energy from renewable % implementation of the Green Growth Framework sources and high energy efficiency in domestic, industrial and other High share of energy generated from sustainable, use renewable sources within the timeframe of the MCCS Transport systems are adapted to % of existing rules and regulations in industrial and heightened risks of disasters from transport sectors enforced, to ensure low-carbon new climatic conditions and and air quality thresholds are respected at national sustainable through efficiency and and urban levels low-carbon technologies # of incentive schemes in place to support the Industrial systems are highly private sector to transition to low-carbon productive and competitive due to production, investment in renewables and their climate-resilient, sustainable, management of production processes low-carbon and green # of schemes and programmes that incentivise the characteristics. introduction of solar power energy generation, biomass and other sustainable sources of renewable energy # number of businesses that introduce climate change in their business planning to ensure resilience and protect jobs # of green jobs created Page 45 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

3.3 Objectives for action areas 1. Integrate climate change into energy, transport and industry policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels 2. Establish and reinforce institutional arrangements to plan and implement climate change responses. 3. Establish financial mechanisms to mobilise and allocate resources for climate- resilient and low-carbon development. 4. Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices in the energy, transport and industry sectors. 5. Enhance awareness and capacity to promote and implement climate-resilient and low-carbon responses. 6. Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships to support and scale up climate-resilient and low-carbon responses.

3.4 Actors Lead: MOEE, MOTC and MOI's Directorate of Industrial Collaboration Focal agencies: alternates between MOEE, MOI and MOTC. Other actors • MONREC (ECD) • MOALI • MOPF • MOTC (DMH) • MOC • MOIN • MOHA Page 46 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) • MOSWRR • Local government (LG) at state, regional, district and township levels, including city development committees (CDCs) • Myanmar Engineering Society • Private sector (PS) (UMFCCI) • Academic and research institutions (ARIs) • NGOs • IAs • IFIs • CSOs • Media • UN agencies — UNIDO, UNEP and UN-Habitat • Development partners (DPs) Page 47 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

3.5 Master plan 3: Resilient and low-carbon energy, transport and industrial systems for sustainable growth Objective for action area 1: Integrate climate change into energy, transport and industry policies, plans, research and development, and extension services at national, sectoral and local levels Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Integrate climate change within existing Climate change integrated # of policies and plans that MOEE MONREC energy policies, plans and legal within existing energy policies integrate climate change; (ECD), instruments (EIA, SEI, SEA) plan and legal instruments, in National Energy Master Plan MOPF, IAs particular the new National includes climate change Energy Master Plan in a way that helps Myanmar reach iths INDC targets Develop a strategic energy plan and Strategic energy plan and # of institutions that MOEE MONREC investment portfolio that ensures investment portfolio developed implement energy plan and (ECD) national security and lower GHG using i.a. renewable energy investments MOPF, IAs emissions through promotion of technologies renewable energy technologies Develop climate proofing/screening Climate proofing screening # of institutions that use MOEE MONREC Page 48 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) guidelines, methods and tools to guidelines, methods and tools climate proofing/screening (ECD), integrate climate change risk into developed guidelines, methods and tools MOPF, investments IAs, PS, CSOs Integrate climate change into transport Climate change considerations # of transport infrastructures MOTC, MOPF, sector policies and plans by developing reflected within transport sector - such as port facilities, roads, MONRE CDCs, LG, guidelines and regulations for climate policies and plans railways and bridges - C (ECD) PS proofing transport infrastructure, port climate-proofed facilities, roads, railways and bridges Integrate climate change in industrial Planning guidelines and tools # of industrial plans that MOI MOPF, development planning by developing developed account for energy and water CDCs, PS, climate-resilient planning guidelines and use and scarcity MONREC tools Objective for action area 2: Establish and reinforce institutional arrangements to plan and implement climate change responses Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Improve institutional mechanisms to Institutional mechanisms on # of government institutions MOEE, PS, better assess and plan climate change assessment strengthened trained on climate change MOI, MONREC, investment and interventions investment assessment MOALI MOTC, Page 49 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) DPs, IAs Integrate climate change within existing Climate change integrated # of activities and initiatives MOEE MOI, institutional mechanisms (NEMC) within existing institutional carried out by NEMC (NEMC), MOALI mechanisms (NEMC) MONRE C Establish and strengthen climate change Climate change cell established # of climate change initiatives MOEE MOI, cell within MOEE and strengthened within MOEE implemented by climate (NEMC), MOALI change cell MONRE C Objective for action area 3: Establish financial mechanisms to mobilise and allocate resources for climate-resilient and low-carbon development Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop a financial investment plan for Financial mechanisms and % of funds are being MOEE, MOI, PS, the energy sector to finance and guidelines — on tax and generated through tax and MOPF IAs implement climate-resilient and low- international finance — are international finance carbon development activities developed Develop guidelines for including energy Energy efficiency and low- # of energy efficiency projects MOEE, MOI, efficiency and low-carbon development carbon development integrated or initiatives funded by EMF MONRE MOPF, priorities within the Environmental within the EMF C, MOI DPs, PS, Page 50 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Management Fund (EMF) IFIs Disburse climate change finance for low- Improved public and private # of public and private sector MOEE, MOPF, carbon and resource-efficient sector access to climate finance bodies that have access to MONRE DPs, PS, technologies, namely for renewable for low-carbon and resource- climate finance C, MOI IFIs energy technologies efficient technologies, namely for renewable energy technologies such as hydropower (as designature in Myanmar’s INDC) Allocate revenue from natural resource Increased allocation to the % of fund allocated to MOEE MONREC, extraction to a climate change fund— climate change fund in question climate change fund MOALI, such as the EMF (such as the EMF) MOI, PS, IAs Objective for action area 4: Increase access to climate-resilient and low-carbon technologies and practices in the energy, transport and industry sectors. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Introduce and promote innovative Improved access to innovative # of innovative technologies MOEE MOI, technology for renewable energy - for technology for renewable for renewable energy from MOE, example, solar, wind, tidal and wave in energy from sustainable sources sustainable sources targeting MOALI, the energy, transport and industry sector in the energy, transport and the most vulnerable PS, CSOs Page 51 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) industry sector households that have been scaled out and disseminated in five climate sensitive geographical areas Provide training and exposure to Stakeholders trained on energy # of people trained on MOI, MONREC, stakeholders on improved technology for and waste management improved energy and waste CDCs MOEE, PS energy and waste management to reduce technologies management GHG emissions and promote environmental sustainability Identify and promote energy-efficient and Energy-efficient technologies # of communities in Dry Zone, MONRE MOEE, IAs climate friendly technologies and and practices promoted delta and coastal regions with C, practices — such as improved cooking access to improved cooking MOEE, stoves, off- and mini-grid energy and stoves, off- and mini-grid MOALI, access to biomass — with a gender- energy, access to biomass, MOI sensitive approach etc. Promote low-emission technologies — Low-emission and renewable # of industries using MOI, MOEE, such as renewable energy — targeting the energy technologies promoted renewable energy and low MOPF MONREC, energy and industry sectors emissions technologies PS, IAs Introduce alternative modes of service Alternative modes of service # of cities and urban areas MOI, MONREC, delivery to improve the energy efficiency delivery introduced promoting low-cost public MOTC, PS, IAs system in transport, building and industry transport modes, such as CDCs sectors rapid transit, light rail transit, improved, fuel-efficient motor vehicles Page 52 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 5: Enhance awareness and capacity to promote and implement climate-resilient and low- carbon responses Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Carry out studies looking at climate Climate change impact studies # of development plans MOEE MOI, change impact and implications in the carried out revisited and updated to MOTC, energy, industry and transport sectors reflect the climate change MONREC, scenario and impact MOE, ARIs Carry out risk assessment of public Risk assessment of public # of towns and cities that CDCs, MOEE, infrastructure and develop risk reduction infrastructure carried out implement building codes MOC MONREC, and mitigation plans and municipal/town planning PS, IAs and regulations Prepare training guidelines and module Training guidelines and module # of sectors (energy, industry, MOEE, PS, on energy efficiency and low-carbon developed building and transport) and MOI, MOTC, development of the energy sector agencies with capacity to MOALI, MONREC, assess the implications of DPs, IAs climate change in their sector Provide training to government and Capacity of government and # of government and private CDCs, MOEE, private sector stakeholders on climate private sector on climate sector stakeholders that have MOC MONREC, proofing and screening guidelines and proofing and screening received training on climate PS, IAs methods developed screening and assessment Page 53 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Establish weather and climate Weather and climate # of cities and towns that MOIN, MOTC, information services in cities and towns, information services established have established weather and CDCs, (DMH), including rural areas climate information for public MOC MOHA access (GAD), MOSWRR, MOIN Objective for action area 6: Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships to support and scale up climate-resilient and low- carbon responses Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop public-private partnership (PPP) Institutional mechanism and # of private sector actors MOEE, PS, procedures and guidelines for private partnership modality developed engaged in climate change MOI MOPF, sector investment in low-carbon energy investments IFIs production and consumption in industrial, construction, mining and other sectors Establish linkages and collaboration Increased collaboration # of buses, trains and cars MOEE, MOPF, between local government (CDCs) and between local government, using low-emission MOI MONREC, international and national actors to private sector and other technologies - for example, PS, DPs, increase number of buses, trains, cars agencies hybrid cars MOALI that use low-emission technologies Page 54 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Develop regulations to promote tax Regulations to promote tax # of private sector and the MOEE, PS, exemptions, loans and grants as exemptions, loans and grants international community MOI MOPF, incentives for clean energy investment for developed increasing investment in low- IFIs private sector and international carbon responses cooperation Page 55 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 4. Resilient, inclusive and sustainable cities and towns where people can live and thrive

4.1 Sectoral outcome All township and city dwellers, including the most vulnerable, are safe from increased risks of rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters and live in sustainable, inclusive, low- carbon, climate-resilient towns.

4.2 Expected results and indicators Sectoral expected results Strategic indicators Town and city residents have access to resilient Local and national spatial and land-use infrastructure and services that protect them from planning frameworks include climate natural hazards of increased intensity, continue to change considerations from a low perform during and after shocks and are best adapted baseline to the new climatic context # of laws, policies and by-laws for urban management and development that Climate change resilience, low-carbon development include climate change, from a low and social inclusivity approaches are defining baseline elements of urban planning and development, providing mitigation and adaptation co-benefits % of new, converted, retrofitted infrastructure, basic services and New buildings are designed and constructed to be buildings, that are climate change energy- and resource-efficient and resilient to natural responsive, from a low baseline hazards and disasters; they emit less carbon and % of town planners, architects and produce savings from reduced energy consumption, engineers who can to assist townships thus providing equity and affordability and cities to plan and manage with climate change considerations from a low baseline # of township and city climate change action plans based on ecosystem adaptation or other approaches that support development of green cities Page 56 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) # of real estate, developers and private industries who integrate climate change in their development projects

4.3 Objectives for action areas 1. Integrate climate change into urban development and management legal, policy, normative and planning instruments. 2. Build climate change-responsive institutional and decentralised processes in urban settings. 3. Build financial capacities for addressing climate change at local level, using multiple sources of funding. 4. Increase access to technology for urban climate resilience. 5. Increase the human resource capacities and awareness of CDCs and townships to address climate change. 6. Promote public-private and civil society partnerships at town and city levels for climate change resilience and sustainable urban development.

4.4 Actors Focal agency: Ministry of Construction (MOC): Department of Urban and Housing Development (DUHD) Leads: MOC (DUHD); CDCs and townships Other actors: • MOHA: GAD • MOEE • MOTC • MONREC • RRD Page 57 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) • National Environmental Conservation and Climate Change Central Committee (NECCCCC) • State/Region Committees for Environmental Conservation and Climate change • CDCs, including: • Mandalay City Development Committee (MCDC) • Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) • Nay Pyi Taw Development Committee (NPTDC) • Township development committees • UN: UN-Habitat, UNEP and UNIDO • Development partners(DPs) • Local government: regional, district and township • NGOs • CSOs • CBOs, including local ward/neighbourhood groups • International technical experts (ITEs) • International technical support (ITS) • Private sector, including UMFCCI and other business associations • Myanmar Engineering Society Page 58 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

4.5 Master plan 4: Climate-resilient, inclusive and sustainable towns and cities where people can live and thrive Objective for action area 1: Integrate climate change into urban development and management legal, policy, normative and planning instruments Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Mainstream climate change All main urbanisation # of laws, policies and MOC CDCs, adaptation and mitigation into legal policies - National Urban regulations that include MOHA and policy framework for urban Policy, Housing climate change from a (GAD) development and management Framework and National current low baseline Spatial Development Framework - include climate change Develop by-laws at township and By-laws in place within: # by-laws in main cities CDCs MOE, city level that incentivise low- 1 year in NPTDC integrating climate MOEE, PS carbon development and require 3 years in YCDC and MCDC change from a low climate-resilient development 10 years in other baseline townships # by-laws in townships integrating climate change from a low Page 59 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) baseline Integrate energy efficiency, Existing building # of laws, norms, codes MOC CDCs, environmental considerations and regulations reviewed for analysed from existing MOHA disaster resilience into building opportunities to integrate baseline documents (GAD) regulations energy efficiency and # of codes under disaster resilience approval with efficiency Myanmar National and disaster-sensitive Building Code adopted provisions (positive within one year, baseline) integrating energy and # of other infrastructure water supply efficiency and planning regulations provisions, green buildings that integrate resource and hazard-sensitive efficiency and disaster- construction sensitive measures EIAs systematically applied as needed Develop climate change and Existing plans reviewed # of plans in townships CDCs Local disaster risk management action and gaps to be addressed and CDCs from a baseline ward/ plans at urban and local levels by climate change and composed of examples in neighbour disaster risk management some towns and cities hood plans identified within two groups; years ITEs Climate change adaptation, mitigation and Page 60 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) disaster risk management plans exist in each CDC within five years Greater Yangon plan integrates climate change and disaster risk management within five years Undertake climate risk assessments Risk assessment of public # of risk assessments in CDCs, MOE, for essential public buildings and infrastructures carried out main townships from a MOC MOEE, emergency services and risk reduction and low baseline in MONREC, mitigation plans townships and some PS, IAs developed within three examples in CDCs years in main cities and towns  Training provided to government and private sector stakeholders on climate proofing and screening guidelines and methods within five years  Climate-smart building codes and regulations are reinforced within ten years Page 61 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 2: Build climate change-responsive institutional and decentralised processes in urban settings Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Strengthen urban institutional processes Feasibility studies for urban # of urban public transport CDCs MOC that promote sustainable transport public transport developed at authorities from a zero city level within two years baseline Urban public transport plans developed for implementation in collaboration with private sector with financing identified, within five years Public transport authorities established in urban areas to develop and implement mass transit systems within 15 years Strengthen local governance ability to Local governance processes % of townships including focal MOHA MOC, ITEs address climate change with focal points reviewed to assess roles in points for climate change (GAD), for climate change adaptation and addressing climate change resilience, from a low baseline CDCs resilience Townships and CDCs have nominated focal points for climate change Page 62 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 3: Build financial capacities for addressing climate change at local level, using multiple sources of funding Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Increase budgeting at local level for Feasibility studies for township- # of local taxes that can be CDCs MOC climate change adaptation and level budgeting for climate related to climate change mitigation change adaptation and activities mitigation carried out; financing plans for townships developed within three years Agreed percentage of CDCs' annual budget allocated to climate change activities within 6–10 years, and through a taxation system within 15 years Increase capacity of local authorities to CDCs and townships access % of budget and extra- CDCs PS, IAs, access additional sources of funding, national and international budgetary investment from internation including national and international finance for local resilience national and international al climate climate financing initiatives within 5–10 years climate change sources funds Page 63 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 4: Increase access to technology for urban climate resilience Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Assess technology gaps for addressing Assessment of technology gaps # of technology gap CDCs MOC and monitoring climate change carried out and action plan assessments conducted adaptation and mitigation, including developed within two years disaster-resilient buildings and Local authorities trained and technologies such as urban ecosystem- supported and have the based adaptation interventions and capacity to understand nature-based solution for green cities. measures and technologies to employ for adaptation and mitigation within 5–7 years Pilot cost-effective adaptation and Local authorities have # of green technologies CDCs MOC; ECD mitigation technologies that also knowledge of cost-effective employed for adaptation and promote green cities in line with green technologies and access mitigation purpose in green Myanmar’s plan for greening cities to evidence base on how they cities can contribute to climate action. Page 64 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 5: Increase human resource capacities and awareness of CDCs and townships to address climate change Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Improve urban authorities' capacity to Assessment of capacity gaps # of staff trained from a low MONREC CDCs, IAs, use basic technology for data collection, carried out and action plan baseline (ECD, ITS data management and geographic developed within two years DoF) # of townships targeted information systems (GIS) DMH, Local authorities access and RRD, receive training on skills to use a MOC, number of tools within five years MOHA, E-governance system CDCs reactivated to promote GIS mapping and other good practices within five years Strengthen capacity of local government Training on assessing # of vulnerability assessments MONREC CDCs, IAs, officials to assess vulnerability and plan vulnerabilities, climate change produced from a low baseline (ECD, ITS for climate change adaptation from impacts and adaptive measures FD, # of plans townships and CDCs township to national level provided for staff in three major DMH), have generated autonomously cities within two years RRD, without international MOC, Training for staff in all townships expertise, from a low baseline MOHA, provided within five years Page 65 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) CDCs Increase sectoral capacity for effective Existing systems reviewed and # of systems reviewed CDCs, MOC, PS liquid and solid waste management action plan for improvement utility # of improved liquid and solid and scale up devised within two compani waste management systems years es from the current baseline Financing for liquid and solid waste management systems identified, including for planned urban expansion within five years Adequate liquid and solid waste management systems to service urban populations within ten years Increase town planning capacities to National town planners lead # of town planners, engineers ECD, FD, CDCs, IAs, integrate climate change into spatial CDCs' strategic urban plans and and architects who have been DMH, ITS strategic urban and land-use planning land-use plans integrating trained, from a low baseline RRD, climate change MOC, MOHA, Training provided to CDCs government and private sector stakeholders on climate proofing and screening guidelines and methods within five years Page 66 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Revise existing education curriculum to Existing curricula reviewed to # of curricula in relevant topics MOE, Universities, include climate change (particularly for identify entry points for integrating climate change MOC IAs engineering and architecture at including climate change within from the current baseline, university level) two years including the basics of environmental planning University and technical institute curricula for engineering, architecture and planning integrate climate change and disaster risks reduction techniques New curricula developed and rolled out to engineering and architecture courses within five years Implement campaigns for community Modules prepared within two # of campaigns conducted CDCs, CSOs, PS, awareness of likely impacts of climate years from a low-baseline NGOs neighborho change and basic disaster risk reduction od wards Training provided to heads of (DRR) techniques 100 households to capacitate them to provide ongoing information on DRR measures to their own communities Page 67 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 6: Promote public-private and civil society partnerships at town and city level for climate change resilience and sustainable urban development Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (Years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Establish multi-stakeholder partnerships Functioning multi-stakeholder # of functioning multi-partner GAD, NGOs, and participation and debate groups exist at township level committees RRD, CSOs mechanisms in local climate action at engaging on climate change DMH, # of public debates and township level impacts, adaptation and CDCs, campaigns sustainability, promoting low- PS, carbon and sustainable CBOs, investments NGOs Establish PPPs to encourage Private sector sensitised # of public private forums from PS, MOC, CDCs, investments in climate-resilient, low- through forums and business some existing baseline ECD, MOHA, carbon developments through zoning, cases within two years examples CDCs MONREC planning and incentive mechanisms Procedures in place for private # of public-private sector projects to follow partnerships and projects for building regulations and codes low-carbon development from and invest in energy- and a low baseline water-efficient systems, low- carbon construction and urban industrial and commercial ventures, within five years Page 68 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 5. Climate risk management for people’s health and wellbeing

5.1 Sectoral outcome Communities and economic sectors are able to respond to and recover from climate- induced disasters, risks and health impacts and build a healthy society.

5.2 Expected results and indicators Sectoral expected results Strategic indicators Climate risk management system is well # of climate risk management systems established, robust and nationally integrated to developed, including risk- informed policy respond effectively to increased intensity and development and planning guidelines, tools impact of risks and hazards on people’s health and framework and wellbeing # of local communities, local government an CSOs with access to risk mapping, early warning system and disaster-resilient Myanmar has improved social protection, technologies for disaster preparedness and gender consideration and risk finance capacity emergency management and response to prepare for and recover from potential loss # of states and townships with capacity for and damage resulting from climate change climate risk management planning Myanmar’s health system is improved and can # of social protection policies, strategies, deal with climate-induced health hazards and budgeting and plans that integrate climate support climate-vulnerable communities to change respond effectively to disaster and health # of private sector companies, development hazards from climate change partners, government bodies, CSOs and international communities who allocate % of resources to social protection and resilience- building activities # of states and townships that integrate climate change in their budgeting system to finance climate risk management and social protection Page 69 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) activities at national and sub-national levels # of laws, by-laws, policies and plans within the health sector that integrate climate change # of health professionals and government staff with capacity for climate risk and disaster mapping, early health hazard detection and forecasting and resilient planning # of households in climate-vulnerable states or regions and townships with access to improved health and sanitation practices and resilient health infrastructures

5.3 Objectives for action areas 1. Integrate climate change into disaster risk reduction, social protection and health legal, policy and normative instruments. 2. Build institutional and decentralised processes to plan and implement climate change responses. 3. Build financial capacities for addressing climate change at local level, using multiple sources. 4. Increase access to technology for climate risk management and improved health and wellbeing. 5. Increase human resource capacities and awareness of communities, government, private sector and CSOs to address climate-induced risk and disasters. 6. Promote public-private and civil society partnerships at national and sub-national level for climate change resilience and sustainability.

5.4 Actors Leads: • Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MOSWRR) Page 70 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) • Ministry of Transport and Communication (MOTC): Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) • Ministry of Health and Sport (MOHS): Department of Public Health Other actors • National Disaster Management Committee and its members (NDMC) • MOHA: police, GAD, fire service • MONREC (ECD, Remote Sensing and GIS survey Dept) • MOALI: IWUMD • MOPF • MOC • MOIN • MOE • Local government (LG: state, district, township) • Representatives from line ministries with DRR/climate change adaptation activities • DRR-WG • UN: UNDP, FAO, UN-Habitat, UNICEF and UNEP • JICA • ADBC • RIME • NGOs, INGOs • CSOs, CBOs • Private sector (PS) • DPs • IAs • Media • Universities. Page 71 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

5.5 Master Plan 5: Climate risk management for people’s health and wellbeing Objective for action area 1: Integrate climate change into disaster risk reduction, social protection and health legal, policy and normative instruments Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Review existing policies, strategies and Review paper developed, # of policies, strategies and MOSWRR, MOTC, guidelines to identify gaps and scope for looking into existing policies, guidelines reviewed MOHS, MOALI, integrating climate change strategies and guidelines MONREC MOHA Integrate climate change into DRR, social DRR, social protection and # of policies and plans that MOSWRR, MOTC, protection, gender equality and health health policies and plans integrate climate change MOHS, MOALI, policies and plans for risk-informed integrate climate change MONREC MOHA policy development and planning Provide support to townships or districts Climate change integrated into # of townships or districts that MOSWRR, LG, to develop and update disaster local-level plans and have developed and updated DMH NGOs, preparedness plans to include climate responses disaster preparedness plans to CBOs, change risks and hazards include climate change risk IAs and hazards Implement DRR and climate change DRR and climate change # of townships that have MOSWRR, LG, adaptation activities and scale these up adaptation activities implemented DRR and climate DMH NGOs, in vulnerable townships in the delta, Dry implemented in vulnerable change adaptation activities CBOs, Page 72 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) one, coastal and mountain regions townships targeting IAs # of households Update and implement multi-hazard Existing multi-hazard # of multi-hazard NDMC, GAD, LG, preparedness and response plans to preparedness response plan preparedness and response MOSWRR, DPs, include climate induced disasters updated to include climate plans at national and local MOALI, CSOs, change level updated to include MOHS CBOs climate change Implement activities to reduce climate- Increased access to safe % of reduction in climate- MOHS NGOs, induced, water-related health hazards drinking water and improved induced, water-related health CBOs, through increased access to safe sanitation for climate change- disorders (diarrhoeal diseases) LG, DPs drinking water, improved sanitation and vulnerable households among residents of townships behaviour change communication in Central Dry Zone Pilot social protection measures — such Social protection measures # of household in five MOSWRR MOPF, as social transfers, livelihood piloted vulnerable regions benefiting DPs, PS diversification, weather-indexed crop from social protection MONREC insurance and access to credit and measures MOALI, assets — in five vulnerable regions NGOs, LG Page 73 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 2: Build institutional and decentralised processes to plan and implement climate change responses Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Strengthen disaster management Improved capacity of disaster # of ministry staff who have MOSWRR, MOTC, committees for effective preparedness management committees for received MONREC MOHA and response, including additional integrating climate change # trainings on climate change (ECD) (GAD), human resource development in the adaptation and DRR integration LG context of climate change Conduct health vulnerability assessment Up-to-date knowledge on key # of planning documents that MOHS and develop health adaptation planning risks to the health sector address health risks under to address climate change impacts. climate change Carry out study to explore national, Study conducted # of institutional mechanisms MONREC, MOHA, regional and district linkages and and networks reviewed MOSWRR, MOALI, potential mechanisms for climate risk MOTC LG, IAs management (DMH) Develop new institutional mechanism for New institutional mechanism # of national, regional and MONREC, MOHA, effective early warning system and set up district linkages set up for MOSWRR, MOALI, communication effective early warning system MOTC LG, IAs and communication (DMH) Strengthen the National Disaster National Disaster Management # of initiatives on climate MOSWRR MONREC Page 74 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Management Technical Center in Technical Center strengthened change adaptation carried out , MOTC, Hintada to provide technical support on with climate change modules by National Disaster MOPF, climate-induced risk and climate change Management Technical Center MOHA, modules UCSDC Objective for Action Area 3: Build financial capacities for addressing climate change at local level, using multiple sources. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Integrate climate change within national Climate change integrated in # of sub-national governments MOSWR IFIs, and sub-national DRR planning and national and sub-national DRR in the delta, coastal, Dry Zone R, MOPF MOTC, budgeting planning and budgeting and mountain regions that have MONREC systems allocated (ECD) % of budget for climate change-focused DRR activities Provide training and exposure visits to Training and exposure visits # of government officials who MOSWR IAs, PS, build capacity of relevant institutions to organised for government have received training and R, MOPF MONREC improve financial management capacity officials participated in climate change- (ECD), to explore and manage funds for DRR related financial management MOTC and climate change adaptation exposure visits (DMH), IFIs, CSOs Mobilise a national contingency fund to National contingency fund % of contingency fund that MOSWR IFIs, Page 75 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) support responses to climate risk and mobilised to include climate supports of climate risk and R, MOPF MOTC, disasters change disaster responses MONREC (ECD) Objective for action area 4: Increase access to technology for climate risk management and improved health and wellbeing Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Provide training to government staff on Number of trainings organised # of government staff who are MOSWR MOHS, ICT and other skill-based areas for trained in ICT and other skill- R, MOTC MONREC effective climate change adaptation and based areas for effective (DMH) (ECD), DRR responses climate change adaptation and MOI, IAs, DRR responses UMFCCI Develop early warning system that is Early warning system # of communities who can an MOTC MOI, IAs accessible around the day to increase strengthened early warning system that is (DMH), public access to weather and climate- accessible around the day MOSWRR, related forecasts MOALI, MONREC Improve the efficiency of existing Improved quality of early # of DMH staff with capacity to MOTC Union systems by modernising equipment, detection and forecasts use weather and climate (DMH) and instruments and tools (ocean, marine) forecasting hardware and state software governm Page 76 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) ent, CSOs, IAs, MOHA Set up water, air and food assessment Water, air and food # of major cities with water, air MOHS, IAs laboratory or facilities in MOHS and in assessment laboratory or and food assessment facilities CDCs, three major cities facilities established MONREC (ECD) Retro-fit and climate-proof critical Critical infrastructure retro- # of schools and hospitals in MOSWR MOTC, infrastructure - including schools and fitted and climate-proofed climate-vulnerable townships R, MOPF IAs, hospitals - in climate-vulnerable retro-fitted and climate- MOHS, townships proofed MOC, LG, NGOs Develop climate and weather Weather and climate # of Regional Climate Model DMH MONREC information services - such as an agro- information services developed generation capacity developed (MOTC), (Remote weather information management involving number of modelers MSWRR, Sensing system - to generate information for MOALI and GIS communities survey Dept), NGOs, INGOs, MOHA, CDCs Page 77 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Train government officials and Government official trained on # of government agencies that MOTC MONREC development practitioners in scientific vulnerability assessment and are making vulnerability and (DMH) , MOALI, and technical skills, such as vulnerability risk mapping multi-hazard maps available for MOSWR assessment and risk and hazard all the township within R, LG, mapping vulnerable districts and states DPs Set up national and sub-national-level Disease surveillance systems # of national and sub-national MOHS MOTC (in delta, Dry Zone, coastal, flood and established level disease surveillance departm (DHM), mountain regions) integrated systems that are in place ents DPs, surveillance systems for climate- CSOs sensitive diseases, with metrology data for early health warning system Objective for action area 5: Increase human resource capacities and awareness of communities, government, private sector and CSOs to address climate-induced risk and disasters. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Provide training to local communities on Communities trained on # of communities in vulnerable MOSWR MOC, LG, shelter management, search and rescue shelter management, search areas (dry zone, delta)- who are R DPs, in the context of climate change and rescue trained in disaster management CBOs Provide training and exposure to DMH Training and exposure visit for # of DMH staff who have been MOTC MONREC, staff for climate change research DHM staff exposed to, and built their (DHM) MOHS, capacity in, climate change internatio Page 78 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) research nal and regional collaborat ion Raise awareness on the health impacts Training and exposure visit for # of health staff who have MOHS of climate change and provide training national and local government increased their awareness and on mainstreaming climate change in health officials understanding of the health health programming and planning. impacts of climate change Establish research grants to DMH, Research grants established # of research grants made MOSWR MOHA, sectoral agencies and university and made available available to DMH, sectoral R, DPs, students to build their capacity to agencies and university MOTC NGOs, generate knowledge and evidence that students CBOs is useful for climate risk management Incorporate climate change and health Climate change and health # of climate change and health MOHS, modules in school, university and modules available and modules in curricula MOE training curricula integrated into school, university and training curricula Page 79 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 6: Promote public-private and civil society partnerships at national and sub-national levels for climate change resilience and sustainability Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Form new - or revitalise and upgrade Multi-stakeholder disaster risk # of district-, township-, state- MONREC LG, PS, existing- district, township, state and management committees set and national-level multi- (ECD), CSOs, DPs national level multi-stakeholder disaster up and strengthened at all stakeholder disaster risk MOTC risk management committees, levels management committees (DMH), integrating climate change within their formed or revitalised MOSWRR portfolios Set up a network and DMH links with Regional and international # of DMH initiatives and links MOTC MOIN, international networks to exchange networks and links set up with regional and international (DMH), MONREC, information and knowledge on climate agencies on climate change MOSWR ECD, IAs and disaster forecasting R Design and implement multi- Multi-stakeholders engaged in # of joint projects that are MOSWR MOPF, stakeholder projects on climate risk designing and implementing implemented in climate- R, DHM MONREC, management in climate-vulnerable projects vulnerable townships and LG, DPs, areas districts PS, CSOs Develop multi-stakeholder, social Projects for Green Climate and # of government officials from MOSWR MOPF, protection and resilience-building Adaptation Funds developed respective ministries engaged in R MONREC, projects for Green Climate Fund and developing proposals to target MOHS, Adaptation Fund targeted to the most the Green Climate and LG, PS, Page 80 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) vulnerable townships in Dry Zone, delta Adaptation Funds CSOs, UN and coastal areas Page 81 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 6. Education, science and technology for a resilient society

6.1 Sectoral outcome Strengthened education, awareness and technological systems that foster a climate- responsive society and human capital to design and implement climate-resilient and low-carbon development solutions for inclusive and sustainable development.

6.2 Expected results and indicators Sectoral expected results Strategic indicators Capacity of actors in the education sector # of policies, strategies and action plans in is developed to integrate principles of the education, science and technology sustainability, low-carbon development sectors that integrate climate change and resilience into the curricula at primary, # of primary, secondary and higher-level secondary and tertiary levels institutions that integrate climate change in their curriculum, courses and teaching Capacity of actors in the science, materials technology and education sectors is developed to generate research and build # of university graduates and researchers and use climate information systems trained and capacitated to carry out independent and innovative work on Institutional capacity and multi- climate change stakeholder partnership are enhanced to # of ICT materials - including research and access and manage climate financing to extension products such as research ensure climate-responsive education, papers, thesis, policy papers and technical science and technology working papers - that reflect climate change issues and solutions # of university professors, lecturers, school teachers and university graduates who can help the government and private sector consider climate change in their planning and management Page 82 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) # of households in climate-vulnerable states and townships that are aware of the consequence of climate change and can identify response measures # Increase in % of climate financing for information, knowledge, research and capacity building from government, development agencies, international organisations and other sources # of networks and partnerships among different actors set up to promote climate- responsive education, science and technology # of joint collaborative projects to strengthen education, science and technology to promote climate resilience and low-carbon development strategies and actions at national and sub-national levels.

6.3 Objectives for action 1. Ensure that legal, policy and normative instruments in education, science and technology integrate climate change. 2. Build climate change-responsive institutional and educational processes. 3. Build financial capacities for strengthening climate information services, using multiple sources. 4. Increase access to climate information services, research and technological innovations. Page 83 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 5. Increase human resource capacities on climate research and knowledge management and build climate change awareness in communities, government, private sectors and CSOs. 6. Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships at international, national and sub-national levels for climate change education, science and technology.

6.4 Actors Lead:  Ministry of Education, including the following departments:  Department of Educational Research, Planning and Training  Basic Education, and  Higher Education. Other actors • Department of Research and Innovation • MOIN: Department of Information, Department of Public Relations • MOSWRR: Department of Relief and Resettlement • MOPF • MOALI • MOTC: DMH • MONREC: ECD • Research institutes under different ministries • Academic and research institutions (ARIs), including universities: including Mandalay Technological University (Faculty of bio-technology); Yangon Technological University (University of Distance Education); Yangon University (Department of Geography); University of Agriculture (University of Forestry) • Local government (LG): regional/state, district and township • UN: UNICEF, UN-Habitat, UNEP, UNDP Page 84 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) • EU • CSOs • Climate Technology Centre Network (CTCN), under UNFCCC • Public and private sectors, including media • Youth, children's, women's and other social groups. Page 85 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

6.5 Master plan 6: Education, science and technology for a resilient society Objective for action area 1: Ensure that legal, policy and normative instruments in education, science and technology integrate climate change. Timeframe Responsible Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop a new science and technology New strategy on science and # of government bodies and MOE MONREC strategy that integrates climate change technology developed universities investing in (ECD), IAs climate science and technology Revise curricula and syllabus of all the New curricula developed # of university and college MOE, MONREC main universities and schools to integrating climate change courses and curricula that ARIs (ECD), integrate climate change integrate climate change MOPF within environmental science, forestry and other fields, such as social or life sciences Integrate climate change in education Climate change integrated in # of activities on climate MOE MOPF, sectoral planning systems at national education sectoral planning change reflected in education MONREC and local levels by developing guidelines systems sector plan (ECD) and tools Page 86 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 2: Build climate change-responsive institutional and educational processes Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop guidelines and procedures for Guidelines and procedures for # of students, government staff MOE, MONREC integrating climate change within integration developed and researchers benefiting MOPF (ECD), existing formal and informal education from guidelines and ARIs, DPs institutions, including training centres procedures integrating climate change the climate change training centre Set up climate change coordination Coordination mechanism set # of education institutions that MOE, MONREC, mechanisms in the education sector to up are part of the climate change MOPF ECD, ARIs, establish better linkages and synergy coordination mechanism DPs Form new or revitalise existing Institutional mechanism # of groups, forums or MOE Other organisation to mobilise women, youth, formed or revitalised institutions formed or government children and vulnerable groups to revitalised for climate action agencies, LG, ensuring the engage on climate change NGOs, donors Develop strategies to strengthen the Strategy on developing MOE's # of MOE initiatives to build its MOE Other MOE's capacity to integrate climate institutional capacity to institutional mandate and government change within institutional portfolios manage climate change capacity to integrate climate agencies, LG, developed change in education NGOs, donors Page 87 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 3: Build financial capacities for strengthening climate information services, using multiple sources Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Set up climate change research fund Climate change research fund # of research projects and MOE, MOPF, IAs and develop guidelines to enhance set up and guidelines innovations supported through MONR education and research climate change developed the research fund EC (ECD) Finance projects on climate change- Climate change-related # of climate change and MOE, Relevant related education, capacity and research projects implemented education research and MONR ministries development projects financed EC , IAs (ECD) Develop and circulate budget guidelines Budget guidelines for climate % of education and science and MOE, MONREC for climate change integration in change developed technology development MOPF (ECD), LG, education, science and technology budget allocated to integrating CSOs climate change Page 88 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 4: Increase access to climate information services, research and technological innovations. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Implement multi-disciplinary technology Multi-disciplinary technology # of multi-disciplinary MOE, MOPF, and research-focused projects on and research projects on technology and research ARIs MONREC climate change climate change implemented projects implemented in (ECD), IAs climate-vulnerable areas Organise technology fairs at national Improved access to # number of technology fairs MOE Other and local levels to disseminate climate- information and knowledge on organised at national and local governme smart technologies and knowledge climate-smart technologies levels nt agencies, LG, NGOs, donors Develop and promote a number of ICT Improved ICT systems at # of ICT events and materials MOIN MONREC events and materials to disseminate national and sub-national developed and promoted (ECD), information on climate-resilient levels MOC, technology to youth, children, women DMH, IAs and other vulnerable social groups Page 89 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Objective for action area 5: Increase human resource capacities on climate research and knowledge management and build climate change awareness in communities, government, private sectors and CSOs. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Develop, package and distribute public Public awareness-raising # of people in climate- MOIN, MONREC, awareness-raising materials on climate materials developed and vulnerable areas with access to MOE MOE, change provided to members of the public awareness-raising CSOs, public materials media, PS, LG Provide training to all relevant ministries Capacity of ministerial staff on # of training events organised MOE GAD, to raise awareness on how to integrate climate change enhanced for government staff MONREC climate change resilience into (ECD), IAs programme and project cycles Provide training to all relevant ministries Ministerial staff capacity on # of training events organised MOE CSOs, IAs to raise awareness on how to integrate the linkages between gender for government staff gender into climate change-resilient and climate change enhanced programmes and project cycles Conduct training courses for school School teachers sensitised on # of teachers at MOE, NGOs, IAs teachers on climate change climate change # of schools in climate- MONR vulnerable areas that have EC received training (ECD) Page 90 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Provide training on conducting on Capacity in academic and # of training events and MOE GAD, climate change research to academic research institutions is # of research projects on MONREC and research institutions and strengthened climate change that were (ECD), IAs professionals organised and supported Organise events to mobilise women, Women, youth and children # of events targeted to youth, MOIN MOSWRR, youth and children on climate change trained and mobilised women and children MONREC, awareness and capacity building LG, media activities Organise events to increase awareness Training and awareness- # of media disseminating MOIN MONREC of media on climate change raising activities for media climate change information (ECD), LG, organised targeting climate-vulnerable state and townships and districts private media, CSOs Objective for action area 6: Promote multi-stakeholder partnerships at international, national and sub-national levels for climate change education, science and technology. Timeframe Responsibility Activity Output Indicator (years) 3 8 13 Lead Support Set up climate change working group Multi-stakeholder partnership # of collaborative projects on MONR DPs, within MOE for climate change modality and mechanism set public awareness, capacity EC, CSOs, PS awareness, capacity and technology building and promoting Page 91 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) transfer up innovation MOPF Organise joint climate change science Climate change science and # of science and technology MONR MOPF, and technology fairs at national and technology fairs organised fairs organised and EC, PS, IAs regional/state level # of visitors attending each MOPF event Implement joint government – donors – Joint collaborative project # of projects set up, and MONR PS, IAs CSOs – private sector events on climate implemented increased % of international EC, science, education and technology, funding secured, for climate MOPF targeting vulnerable areas change resilience and low carbon-related technology transfer Set up media and private sector network Networks among the media # of functions of the media and MOIN MOSWRR, for climate change information and and private sector set up private sector on climate MONREC, knowledge exchange change LG, media, PS, NGOs, DPs Page 92 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030)

Annex I: Detailed strategy formulation process Page 93 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 1. Description of the process The MONRECi has coordinated the formulation of the Myanmar Climate Change Strategy 2018–2030 (MCCS) and its related master plan throughout the formulation and adoption process. It reached agreement on the methodology in December 2014, started the formulation in April 2015 and completed it in 2016. The MCCS is one of the key outputs of the MCCA, a programme implemented by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with funds from the European Union, from 2013 to 2018. The MCCS was formulated through an interactive process of evidence generation, involving consultations with a multiplicity of actors at national, sub-national and local levels. Most of these consultations were under the MCCA's TWG, comprising representatives from government ministries, universities, the three main city development committees, the private sector (UMFCCI), civil society and development partners such as UNDP, Action Aid, Braced Programme and DRR Working Group. A number of other development partners, NGOs, civil society organisations (CSOs), the Youth Forum, township administrations and citizen groups also participated in consultations and interviews or provided direct inputs. The MCCS therefore reflects multiple views and perspectives and captures this diversity effectively. Designed with principles of inclusion and oriented to the delivery of results, the MCCS can be monitored as a long-term programme or project. As well as direct consultations and interviews, the drafting team reviewed policy documents and secondary data, working on all available published policies, laws, documents and available advanced drafts with national importance. Participants of the MCCA inception workshop in December 2014 agreed the methodology for the strategy. Workshop participants included the TWG, government officials from key ministries and representatives from UN agencies, development partner organisations, NGOs, local government, and private sector organisations. They discussed the process for formulating the MCCS - including priority areas for consultations at national, sub- national and local level - and set up four workstreams: 1. Defining the scope of the MCCS 2. Understanding vulnerability, risks and mitigation potential i Formerly the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry. It became MONREC in April 2016. Page 94 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 3. Developing and disseminating the MCCS, and 4. Periodic review and updating. Under the direction of the ECD, the MCCA had delivered workstreams 1 to 3 by July 2016. It will continue delivering Workstreams 3 (dissemination) and 4 for the duration of its lifespan. The MCCS has also set up other mechanisms to ensure Workstream 4 is delivered. ECD has played a central advisory role to guide the team in each phase of research, supported by MCCA and the strategy drafting team comprising International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), MERN and the MCCA. Every effort has been made to align the strategy with Myanmar’s socioeconomic development objectives and with policy documents; environmental policy; annual, medium and long-term development plans; the second Framework for Economic and Social Reform (FESR) and decentralisation policy. Because the MCCA developed the strategy, and the MCCA has also advised the government in several climate change aspects, the strategy is aligned as much as possible to several other climate change or environment policies that the government has been drafted in parallel. These include the INDC, which MCCA contributed to, and the Green Growth Framework, whose drafting team repeatedly consulted with MCCA. 2. Guiding principles of MCCS formulation The strategy formulation has been guided by the following set of principles: Ensuring policy coherence: The MCCS builds on existing climate change policies, including the National Adaptation Programme of Action, INDC, REDD+ roadmap, the Climate Smart Agriculture Policy. This strategy complements planned climate change policies, including the National Climate Change Policy, the National Adaptation Plan and the Green Growth Strategy. Its vision, objectisves and priorities are aligned with national and sector development plans and implementation arrangements, including the National Comprehensive Development Plan, sustainable development agenda, energy policies and plans, Environment Policy and associated action plan, DRR policies and plans, and other national policies and sectoral strategy and priorities. Ensuring multi-stakeholder engagement: Multiple stakeholders have been engaged in drafting the MCCS, at national and sub-national levels. The formally established MCCA TWG oversaw the formulation process and provided technical inputs throughout, while the PSC of the MCCA ensured policy guidance. So, the strategy was prepared in close Page 95 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) consultation with national and local level stakeholders who represented a cross-section of government institutions, national NGOs, civil society, community representatives, private sector actors, development partners, professionals and academia from a wide range of sectors. Bilateral discussions, three national and five sub-national workshops were conducted by the drafting team and with the support of MCCA to engage with stakeholders. The sub-national workshops took place in five of Myanmar’s climate- vulnerable states or regions, with more than 600 participants from local government, CSOs, communities and the private sector. The MCCA worked in parallel at local level for adaptation, capturing views on climate change from 23 townships in six states and regions. Altogether, some 2,000 individuals representing more than 40 institutions at national and sub-national level took part in the strategy development process, which clearly acknowledged that a vast body of knowledge resides with a dispersed and diverse range of stakeholders and experts. Providing strategic direction: The MCCS provides a strategic direction to achieve climate-resilient and low-carbon development results. The strategy guides investment in six priority sectors, identified by stakeholders as key for inclusive climate-resilient and low-carbon development. They are a mix of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors that all play a key role in economic and social development. Stakeholders identified a need to put in place a strong implementation framework for the strategy and identified three key implementation pillars to support the MCCS: (a) An enabling environment that establishes policy, institutional, financial and M&E systems (b) Support to climate-smart decision making, and (c) Multi-stakeholder partnerships to invest in low-carbon and resilience interventions. Ensuring a result-based approach: All actors consulted - particularly government and development partners - insisted on the need to formulate a strategy that can be implemented as a project to achieve measurable results. Recognising the challenges involved in setting up baselines and indicators, the MCCS is nonetheless inspired by the logic of results and measurability. For this reason, it uses the logical framework language of expected outcomes, expected results, objectives and indicators. Page 96 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 3. Methodology and process Once the overall methodology was approved in December 2014, the ECD and MCCA proceeded through five consecutive phases (see Figure): Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 4: Phase 5: Phase 3: January–June 2016 April–July 2015 August–October July 2016-June ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ November– —”–Š‡” 2017 —„‹••‹‘ˆ‘” 2015 ƒ••‡••‡–•ƒ† December 2015 ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ‘‡–•Ǣ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†•—„Ǧ ‘–Š‡”’”‘ ‡••‡• ‹–‹ƒŽ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ȋ Ǣ„Ȍ ‹’”‘˜‡‡– †”ƒˆ–‹‰ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ† Milestone 1: ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ† Milestone 4: ‡†‹–‹‰ƒ† Milestone 3: ͳ•–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹ƒŽ†”ƒˆ–‘ˆ ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š ‡”‘†”ƒˆ–‘ˆ ™‘”•Š‘’ƒ† Milestones 2 and 3: ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡†ƒ– •—„‹••‹‘ ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡†ƒ–ʹ† ƒ†‘’–‹‘‘ˆ –ƒ–‡•ƒ†”‡‰‹‘• ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ™‘”•Š‘’ ͵ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ† ”† Milestone 5: ‘—–Ž‹‡ǡ• ‘’‡ƒ† ‘•—Ž–‡†Ǣ†ƒ–ƒ ‹’”‘˜‡†™‹–Š ƒŽ†”ƒˆ–‘ˆ  ˜‹•‹‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡”‡† ‘‡–• ”‡ƒ†›ˆ‘”ƒ†‘’–‹‘   Figure 1: The five phases of the MCCS formulation process Phase 1. Defining the objectives and scope of the MCCS Process In the first phase of evidence generation, the MCCA TWG convened to agree on the main purpose, objectives and methods for formulating the strategy and a preliminary outline of strategy and master plans. The newly-formed TWG met officially, for the first time after the inception workshop in December 2014, at the initial national climate change strategy and master plan workshop on 7–8 April 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw. About 200 people participated in this workshop, including development partners and other non-members of the TWG. Workshop participants agreed on the following aspects of the strategy: 1. Scope and purpose 2. Vision, which they later revised 3. Timeframe 4. Policy alignment 5. Mission (or overall objectives) Page 97 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 6. Main thematic or sectoral areas to be addressed 7. Sectoral engagement 8. Draft outline (table of contents) 9. Format of the overall implementation master plan and master plan, and 10. Roles and responsibilities in different sectors. The workshop agreed on the planning and reconfirmed the methodology for the strategy and master plan formulation. Participants also agreed on the place and timings for national and local consultations, as follows: Cluster Region/state District Township 1 Mandalay Mandalay Natogyl Sagaing Sagaing Myinmu 2 Ayeyarwady Hinthada Hinthada Labutta Labutta Pathein Kyaunggon Pyapon Ngapudaw Thabaung Bogale 3 Kachin Myitkyina Myitkyina 4 Bago Bago Bago Waw Kayin Hpa-an Hlaingbwe Hpa-an 5 Rakhine Kyaukpyu Kyaukpyu Manaung Ramree Thandwe Gwa Tounup Maungdaw Page 98 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Figure 2: Five clusters formed out of 19 townships suggested at the Initiation Workshop in December 2014. During this first phase, the MCCA also focused on supporting the Government, through the mobilization of the TWG, for other policy processes, such as formulating the INDC between April and September 2015, for submission to the UNFCCC by 30 September 2015. Although this diverted the focus from the strategy, it was extremely useful to consolidate areas of work and sector thematic groups. It was also useful to increase TWG members' awareness on climate change, which in turn supported the elaboration of the MCCS. The methodology to assess capacities to address climate change in Myanmar, recruited experts and started the study. Milestones and outputs 1. First national technical workshop of the MCCS Page 99 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 2. Scope, purpose and main areas of the MCCS defined; outline adopted 3. INDC draft formulated, with involvement from TWG 4. Drafting teams selected and recruited 5. Capacity development needs assessment initiated Figure 3: First national workshop for MCCS formulation, April 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw Phase 2. Data collection, thematic consultations and sub-national workshops Process Phase two involved the bulk of data collection and analysis, which informed the strategy formulation. Data collection took place between August and October 2015. ECD led the process, through MCCA, with the support of consultants from the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) contracted by UN Environment under MCCA; MERN; the chief technical advisor of MCCA and other experts. This phase involved two main streams of work — one based on a secondary data review and bilateral or thematic meetings at national level, and the other based on local level consultations. For the latter, we clustered townships identified for the sub-national consultations according to vulnerability, geography and administrative arrangements and host townships according to their administration arrangements. Page 100 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Policy review: For the policy and institutional review, the team first reviewed national and international policy documents to situate the MCCS within Myanmar’s policy and institutional framework. These included Myanmar’s national, sectoral and sub-national policy documents, development partners’ country strategies and other secondary resources. The review revealed Myanmar’s policy direction and corresponding management, financing and evaluation arrangements. The team reviewed climate change documents such as the INC, National Adaptation Programme of Action, INDC, REDD+ roadmap; national policies to address natural disasters, such as Myanmar’s Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR); multilateral environmental agreements; and resource management approaches. A review was undertaken of policies for various sectors, including energy, agriculture, forests, industry, transport, urban settlements, water, DRR, biodiversity, education and health. Key informant interviews: The team also conducted a series of key informant interviews with individuals and organisations between 24 August and 15 October 2015. Key organisations included government bodies such as the ECD, MOPF, MOALI, MOSWRR and DMH; the MCCA; and individual development partners, including the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) and the UK’s Foreign and Common wealth Office. Key individuals included climate experts, namely INDC consultants. Interview data supported the workshop and review outputs, clarifying government ministries' policy and operational processes and reinforcing the MCCS’s scope and focus. The team also organised meetings with the Environmental Sectoral Working Group. Vulnerability assessment: The team then proceeded to a vulnerability assessment, identifying initial options for building climate resilience in Myanmar and opportunities for low-carbon development. The assessment, based on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, the three key dimensions of vulnerability identified by the IPCC, revealed experienced and potential climate change impacts on assets and systems, including critical thresholds; asset and system priorities, according to their vulnerability; and options and actions for adaptation and mitigation. The team collated the evidence from these activities in a database to enable cross-policy, cross-sectoral and cross-level analyses to be made. Consultation workshops: MCCA organised a series of national-level consultation workshops to gather information and feedback on the data generated so far. Participants Page 101 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) identified the vulnerability of assets and systems, ascertained priorities across sectors and stakeholder groups and strategised practical responses. They verified and expanded the information gathered in Phase 1. These workshops included: First civil society forum (29 September 2015, Nay Pyi Taw): Participants included CSO practitioners, NGO practitioners and government ministers. CSOs highlighted their resilience and low-carbon objectives, sectoral priorities and corresponding actions. Participants offered feedback on the scope and objectives of the MCCS and strategised collaboratively on actions to meet shared objectives. First national technical consultation workshop (30 September to 2 October 2015): Participants included the TWG, other government officials, CSO and NGO practitioners, research institutions and development partners. Participants verified sector-level information and identified sectoral priorities and actions. Sessions included energy and industry; agriculture, fisheries and livestock; forests and biodiversity; urban environments and transport, DRR; education; and planning and finance; with participants taking part in individual sessions according to their expertise. Participants provided feedback on climate changes and their impacts, policies, institutional arrangements, financial structures and climate information activities. They discussed each sector in the context of the proposed MCCS objectives, identifying and prioritising necessary actions and identifying related capacity requirements. Development partner consultation (15 October 2015): Hosted by the Development Partners Group and attended by representatives from NORAD, DFID, EU, UNESCO, UN- Habitat and JICA. Participants provided feedback on the scope and objectives of the MCCS, verified their country-level activities and examined their future objectives and funding priorities. Sub-national consultation workshops: Organised managed and facilitated by local NGO, MERN, according to the list agreed in Phase 1. Each workshop took place over three days, with 600 participants attending the five workshops in five states or regions. Local government officials were the primary participants, along with some local NGO practitioners. The workshops provided information on climate impacts, priorities and responses across different geographical zones in Myanmar. At each workshop, discussions and activities provided information on: 1. Change in climate, based on scientific data Page 102 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) 2. Local perception of current climate change 3. Projected future climate change (short/mid/long term) 4. Vulnerable sectors, areas and groups 5. Available capacity and capacity development needs 6. Prioritised actions to address future vulnerabilities 7. Policy and institutional assessment, and 8. Mitigation potential. At the same time, MCCA conducted consultations in select a townships for ecosystem- based adaptation to climate change projects in the Delta and Dry Zone areas. This meant they consulted an extra 500 people in additional townships and communities on the issues of climate change and on the priorities. In parallel to these consultations, the capacity development assessment team also interviewed participants on their existing capacities to deliver the options identified and initiated a draft assessment based on the results. Milestones and outputs 1. 1,100 people consulted in 23 townships (13 officially for the MCCS) 2. TWG, 30+ permanent members consulted as a whole and in thematic groups 3. Civil society forum consulted about 15 CSOs 4. Development partners consultations (2) 5. Documents reviewed 6. Database set up 7. Capacity development assessment zero draft. Page 103 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Figure 4: Participants of the local consultations in Thandwe, October 2015 Phase 3. Initial validation and improvement, first draft of strategy Process As a result of the analysis of the data gathered in Phase 2, the team formulated an annotated draft of the MCCS in November 2015 for validation. Members of the TWG agreed the scope of the draft. The content relied on a preliminary analysis of information collected from the policy and institutional review, secondary sources and multi- stakeholder workshops and key person interviews. The team submitted the draft for validation at the second national workshop for the formulation of the Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Master Plan in Nay Pyi Taw on 2 November 2015, with the TWG providing feedback and clarification. They identified the following thematic areas for the master plans: agriculture and food security; forest and biodiversity; DRR and early warning systems; energy, industry, buildings and transport; urban and human settlements; and education and awareness. The team used the feedback to validate and fine-tune the preliminary draft in preparation for presentation at the international Global Climate Change Alliance workshop at COP 21 in Paris in December 2015. ECD and MCCA participated in COP 21, where MONREC's deputy director general also presented the essence of the preliminary MCCS at a meeting. The team integrated the feedback from both these events into the MCCS advanced drafts and undertook a subsequent consultation process to validate and develop the master plans. Page 104 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Milestones and outputs 1. Second national workshop for the formulation of the MCCS 2. Annotated draft of strategy approved by TWG 3. Presentation at COP 21 4. Draft of master plan, and 5. Series of thematic and bilateral meetings. Figure 5: Second national workshop, Nay Pyi Taw, 2 November 2015 Phase 4. Additional information gathering and validation of the advanced draft Process With the aim of collecting additional information and feedback to produce an advanced draft and seek validation, the team started Phase 4 in January 2016, with a second round of national consultations between 23 February and 8 March. These meetings aimed to finali semaster plans for addressing sectoral climate change with clear milestones and timeframes, and additional input to the MCCS. The meetings includedthematic consultations - half-day workshops for each thematic sector where 10–20 primary stakeholders reviewed, validated and advised upon the draft master plans and agreed milestones and timelines. The team refined the master plans, based on the guidance they received at these consultations. Page 105 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) At the same time, the team organised a TWG workshop on 3 March 2016 to discuss the strategy's main components and revised master plans. The TWG members provided input for further refinement. A second smaller meeting with the civil society group in Yangon, on 4 March 2016 ensured their views were captured properly. Based on the additional information and further discussions, the drafting team produced a new version of the draft strategy in March 2016, and submitted it to the MCCA and ECD. This draft underwent internal reformulation and improvement including new data and in view of the new understanding from Myanmar's national transition in April 2016, strengthening the overall output between April and May 2016. Experts from UN-Habitat and UN Environment, with MCCA and ECD, analysed the draft strategy to check facts, strengthen the narrative and reinforce the coherence of the strategic pillars. On 5 June 2016 -World Environment Day - the team presented the advanced draft summary to high-level representatives, and received further inputs. On 10 June 2016, the team presented abstracts of the advanced draft at the third Myanmar Climate Change Strategy workshop in Nay Pyi Taw. The meeting, attended by more than 150 people, in particular the TWG and partners, revisited the overall strategy pillars, worked on the details of the master plan and provided feedback and input to strengthen the activities and refine the milestones. The team also submitted the abstracts to the Youth National Forum for their analysis and comments, which they provided on 17 June 2016 for inclusion. The team in charge of the capacity development need assessment also presented their findings at the workshop. Milestones and outputs 1. Advanced draft of MCCS ready for official submission 2. Draft capacity development needs assessment ready for use 3. Third national workshop Page 106 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Phase 5. Finalisation and dissemination of the MCCS Process This Draft was composed of the main of Myanmar Climate Change Strategy – MCCS documents, the revised master plan and a number of other appendices. In July 2016, the ECD and MCCA submitted the draft for formal comments to the TWG, so cound proceed to finalisation and submission to the highest government levels for approval and adoption, through four consecutive workshop for MCCS (Draft) during December 2016 and April 2017 and one final workshop for Myanmar Climate Change Policy (Draft) on 2017 April 27. The project results of Myanmar Climate Change Alliance – MCCA which is Myanmar Climate Change Policy, Strategy, and Master Plan (2018-2030) to know Stakeholders held in National and Regional/ State Knowledge Dissemination at Nay Pyi Taw, Yangon, Mandalay and Ayeyarwady Regions in October 2018. Milestones and outputs 1. Edited draft submitted for official approval. X X X Page 107 Myanmar Climate Change Master Plan (2018-2030) Page 108