Instructive Circular No. 345 implementing Sub-Decree No. 96 ANK-BK on Standards and Management of Agricultural Materials

KINGDOM OF CAl\mODIA Nation Religion King 3 l\linistry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 3 INSTRUCTIVE CIRCULAR IMPLEMENTATION OF SUB-DECREE No. 69 ${9UUSHDATED OCTOBER 28, 1998 CONCERNING THE STANDARDS AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS October 21,2002 1 KINGDOM OF CAl\tlBODIA Nation ReligionKing 3 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 3 No. 345 MHUlB.l'iMI'i INSTRUCTIVE CIRCULAR h'J IMPLEMENTATION OF SUB.DECRER No. 96 !{.!$!g'U5fiDATED OCTOBER 28,1998 CONCERNING THE STANDARDS AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS With a strong desire to promote the agricultural sector, which is a core structure of the national economy and an essential priority of the economic development policy aimed at expanding agricultural production. ensuring sustainability, food safety and the supply of raw materials for the processing industry, and creating exports, the government has determined and set out a subsequent policy of encouraging agricultural produce through the provision of land occupancy and land possession, concessional land, encouragement of export and reduction in export duties for agricultural produce and for the importing of means and materials to serve the agricu1turaJ sector. Furthermore, in view of a situation of anarchy in the production, importing, marketing and sale of fake and poor quality agricultural materials, and of prohibited agricultural practices, which has adversely affected social well-being and the social and natural environment, the Royal Government issued Sub-decree No. 69 K$!b=i.eft dated October 28, 1998 on the Standards and Management of Agricultural Materials with the intention of creating an appropriate standard and mechanism for the management ofagricultural materials. To effectively and efficiently implement the government's aforementioned sub-decree aimed at ellminating or reducing the above anarchic phenomena, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) hereby would like to set out instructions as follows: I. The Business of Agricultural Materials Natural persons or legal entities who intend to produce, process, store, supply, repack, export, import, wholesale or retail agricultural materials, chemicals, seeds, hybrid seeds, animal medicines and food. and food nutrients must obtain a business license from the MAFF. 1.1 Application for Business License A For ~ business involving the production, processing, storage, supply, repackaging, and export or import of agricultural materials, the natural person or legal entity is required to apply for a license at the MAFF's Department of Agro-Iegislation by submitting the following: 1. Application withstamps (sample provided) 2. Applicant's CV with a 4x6 photo and certified by the commune council 2 2 copies 2 copies 3. ID card (photocopy) 4. Businesscontract (sample provided) 5. Locationcertificate issued by thecommunecouncil 6. Storagelocation license issued by the Ministry of Environment (for agricultural chemicals) 7-.Registration certificate issued by the Ministry of Commerce 2 copies 2 copies 2 copies 2 copies 2 copies B. For a business involving the wholesaling or retailing of agricultural materials. the natural person or legal entity is required to apply for a license at the Provincial/Municipal DepartmentofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (pDAFF) by submitting the following: 1. Application withstamps (sample provided) 2. Applicant's CV witha 4x6 photo and certified by the commune council 3. ID card (photocopy) 4. Business eontrsct (s~mplp. provided) 5. Storage location license issuedby the ProvinciallMunicipal Environment Department(for agricultural chemicals only) 1.:2 Responslblllty for Issuing 9. Business License 2 copies 2 copies 2 copies 7 cr'lpip.<; 2 copies A. The MAFF shall grant a business license,or reject an application for a business license, for producing, processing, storing, supplying or repacking, and exporting or importing agricultural materials within 15 working days from thc date the MAFF has formally received complete and correct documents. B. The .Provincial Department of Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries (pDAFF) shall grant a business license, UI leject an applicatlon for a business Ilcense, to a whole-saler Of retailer of agriculturalmaterials within 7 working days from the date the PDAFF has formally received complete and correctdocuments. ll. Registration ofAgricultural Materials Agricultural materials including agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers, certified seeds, hybrid seeds, animal food or food nutrients that can be produced, imported for business, sold and used in the Kingdom of Cambodia provided that SUch materials have already been registered with theMAFF. Agricultural materials that have a different formula or trade names must be registered separately. The naturalperson or legalentitywho wishes to produce certified seeds or hybrid seeds that have already been registered mustcomply with the techniques instructed for the production and storage of the said seeds. Il.l ApplicationforRegistration ofAgriculturalMaterials The natural person or legal entitymust apply for registration of agricultural materials at the MAFF's "Department of Agrn.regi<;r~tion" by submitting the following: 1. Applicationfor registration (sample provided) 2. Copy ofbusinesslicense(if any) 3. Product technical specifications in Khmer and English 4. Quality assurance or quality certificateissued by the manufacturer 5. Sampleof materialpackage andlabel in Khmer 3 2 copies 2 copies ? copies 2 copies 2 sheets 6. Sampleof the product for analysis or experimentation 2 units I1.2 Responsibility for Issuing a Registration Certificate for Agricultural Materials A. The MAFF shall granta registration certificate for agricultural materials,necessary for the sale and use, toa natural personor legal entitywithin 10 workingdays from the date MAFF has formally received complete and correctdocuments. B. The MAFFhastherightto rejectthe registration of any agricultural materials that it sees as: Hazardous to thehealthof humans and animals or the environment Being on the prohibited list ofMAFF • Inferior or misrepresented quality and the type or quantity of active ingredients differing from the type or quantity of active ingredients specified on the label or in the technical specifications • Without the properpackage and labeland proper information in Khmer as determined by theMAFF Ineffective and unsafe for use or useless for fanners Genetically Modified Organisms (OMO) Productimported without the authorization oftheMAFF. D.3 Agricultural Chemicals For agricultural chemicals that may be hazardous and may severely damage human and animal health as well as the social and natural environment, there are separate procedures and requirements for registration as follows: 1. Tet11Jlomry registration: Such registration shall be required for any agricultural chemical specified in the 1-tAFF Prakas (Decree) permitting temporary use and that is being circulated in the marketplace. The MAFF shall grant a temporary registration with a one-year validity provided that the agricultural chemicalhas an appropriate document confirming the adequacy, effectiveness and safety of the product. This registration shallbe changed to an official one in one year provided thatthe applicant has satisfied all the technical requirementsof the MAFF. A -one y~r extension may be granted for goon reason. After obtaining a temporary registration, the owner of the agricultural chemical can make a request for the import or production of a quantity determined by 11AFF in order to carry out a market survey. 2. Registration requirements: Suchregistration shall be required for any agricultural chemicals that have been requested for registration for the first time but such additional docuiueuts as required by MAFF UJuSt'be provided. This registration shall be changed to an official one in one year provided that the applicant has satisfied all the technical requirements of the MAFF. A one-year extension may be granted for good reason. 3. Official registration: This registration shall be required for any agricultural chemicals for which the applicant has fulfilled all the technical requirements of theMAFF. A registration certificate and registration number shall be issued by the MAFF. A registration certificate shall be valid for three years if there is no confiscation or 4 repeal. The renewal of registration shall be granted after the MAFF has received an application and additional documents. Failure to apply for renewal of registration when the validityhas expired, the importand sale of such agricultural chemicals shaH not be allowed, Three months prior to expiry of the validity of the official registration certificate the individualor company owning the productmust apply for a new registration at MAFF's Departmentof Agro-legislation as follows: Application for registration renewal (sample provided) Sampleof the productfor analysis Previous registration certificate 2 copies 2 copies 1 copy 4. Permission for laboratory use: This is permission for the import of any agricultural chemicals that have not yet been registered in order to be used only forresearch study. ID. Export and Import of Agricultural Materials A natural person or legal entitymay be granted a licenseto import or export a material item provided that helshe has received a business license and that the agriculrure material to be imported or exported hasbeen duly registered at theMAFF in advance. ID.I Application for an Import and Export License 1. Theapplication for an importlicenseshall consistof thefollowing documents: Application (sample provided) 2 copies Photocopyofbusinesslicense 2 copies Photocopyof registration certificate 2 copies Certificate of hygieneof the product issuedby the exportcountry 2 copies 2. The application for an export licenseshallconsist of the following documents: Application (sampleprovided) 2 copies Photocopyof business license 2 copies Photocopyofreglstration certificate 2 copies m.2 Responsibility for Granting Import and Export License The MAFF shall decide whether to grant an importandexport licensewithin a period of 10 working days from the date of formal receipt of sufficient and complete documents from the applicant. The quantity of agricultural chemicals allowedto be .imported shall be determined by the MAFF based on the conditions of storage and capacity of the warehouse and local requirements, and in order to avoid environmental impacts should there be a need to destroy any expired agricultural chemicals The import and export ofseeds and hybridseeds shallbe subject to phytosanitary inspection regulation. The import and export license isvalid for a period of oneyear commencing from the date of issuance of the license. IV. The Confiscation or Repeal of a Business License or Registration Certificate for Agricultural Matf'rial'l: IV.1 The Confiscation or Repeal of a Business License for Agricultural Materials The MAFF has the tight to ~nnfis.~!ilte Or repeal a business license in the event that: The license holder fails to comply with hislher business contract or bas violated the Instructive Circular herewith or other provisions as stipulated in the Sub-decree on the Stm1dnrds and Management ofAgricultural Moteria13. There is a change in business address and the owner fails to notify the MAFF in advance or withina maximum of 10workingdays after the change. IV.2 The Confiscation or RepeaJ ofa Registration Certificate for Agricultural Materials The MAFF has the right to confiscate or repeal a registration certificate for agricultural materials in theevent that: Results of the research show a serious impact on human and animal health and the environment resulting from the use of such agricultural materials over a long period of time. The agricultural materials imported and sold differ from the ones that have been registered in quality,packaging, label, etc. The holderof the registration certificatefails to complywith his/her business contractor has violated the Instructive Circular herewith or 'other provisions as stipulated in Sub decree No. 69 "~1r.efi concerning the Standards and Management of Agricultural Materials. IV.3 Complaint Licenseholdershave the right to file a complaintto the MAFF for any decisionto confiscate or repeal their business license or registration certificate within a period of 30 days after receipt of the decision. v.Packaging and Labeling V.I Agricultural Chemicals The materials used for packaging agricultural chemicals must meet international standards and be in a secure condition, aimed at ensuring safe lifting, holding and storage, and M preventing qnality ileteriDrntjon, shrinkage, weight chll.nge or other damage. The repackaging or transferring of agricultural chemicals from its original package to a new one is prohibited. Where necessary, the repackaging or transferring of agricultural chemicals from their original package to a new one can be done only with the authorization ofthe MAFF. 6 1. Thematerials used for repackaging that has been permitted must meet the standard for packaging as stated in Point V.I, Paragraph 1, of the Instructive Circular herewith. 2. The agricultural chemicals to be repackaged have already been registered with the MAFF. 'The transferring or sharing of agricultural chemicals and putting them into food or drink packages is forbidden. Labels used on agricultural chemical packages must be clearly posted or imprinted in Khmer that is easy to understand and in accordance with the following requirements: 1. Generic name andbrand name (Product Name) 2. Type of pesticide 3. Country oforigin 4. Active ingredients and contents 5. Type offormulation 6. Net contents 7. Lot number 8. Manufacturing date and expiration date 9. Registration number 10.Directions foruse Target crop Targetinsects, diseases andweeds Dose rates ~ Compatibility Methods and timing of applJcatJon Pre-harvest intervals First-aidinstructions 11. Write in largeletters "Keep out of reach ofchildren" 12. Methodofstorage 13.Pictograms 14.Antidote Fora labelon an agricultural chemical packageofwhich the contents is less than 500 ml or 500g, a leaflet containing detailed information on the product must be provided, either affixed or tied to the product, or kept separately from the product. Color andprintmessageon the label: 1. Themessage on the labelmust be writtenin black ink on white paper. 2. Red color can be used for important phrases such as: title, danger, precaution and warning signs. 3. A red"mark and a skull and cross-bone warning sign are used for serious dangers, a yellow mark and a cross sign for moderate dangers and a blue mark for minor dangers. 4. Vertical, side or overlapping style message should be avoided. V.2 Chemical Fertilizer ~ Sulhl Chernk~lFedilher; 1. Packaging Materials: 7 Chemical fertilizers produced locally for sale must be packed in good packaging materialthat is secure and weatherproof in order to ensure quality and convenient for transport, storage snd 11'11:'. 2. Labeling: Chemical fertilizers imported or made locally must be labeled, providing sufficient and clear information inKhmer that is readable and indelible and must indicate: Percentage of nutrient ingredients (N-P-K) and other substances; Registration number; Nameorcoumry ofmanufacture; and Weight 3. Repackaging: The repackaging of chemical fertilizers in smaller bags for sale can be done only if there is a letter of permission from the MAFF. The chemical fertilizers to be repackaged mustbe packed in a transparent plastic bag and closed properly, ensuring secure carrying and transport. Packages must have a label written in Khmer, printed on a pieceofpaper containing thefollowing infonnation: . - Nameand address of theperson/company who has done the repackaging Name andnutrient composition Weight Dateofrepackaging LiquJd Cbemical.l"ertiliIers: 1. Packaging: Liquid chemical fertilizers must be packed in packaging material of such a nature as to prevent quality deterioration, shrinkages, weight change, or other damage, and that can beprinted on Dr have labels affixed to it. 2. Labeling: Must indicate thefollowing: Productname Contentof nutrients Narne of country oforigin Net contents Lot number Registration number Manufacturing d~te ann expiration date Directions.foruse • Targetcrops • Doserate + Methods and timing ofapplication Remarks • Write in large letter "Keep out of reach of children" • Storage • Compatibility V.3 Seeds and Hybrid Seeds 1. Packaging Malerials: Packaging material must be securely and tightly closed for packing or containing seeds or hybrid seeds in order to maintain quality. 8 2. Labeling: Labels mustbe clearly written in Khmer - easy to read and understand - and affixed or swpJed ttl the p~clalgeROO ml 1St provide the following information: 1. Nameand address oftheproducer 2. Typeofseeds 3. Name of seeds(generic andbotanical name) 4. Classification of seeds (certified seeds. basic seeds or hybrid seeds; ete.) 5. Date/year ofharvest 6. Certificate numberor lotnumber 1. Percentage ofpurity 8. Percentage ofgermination 9. Percentage ofhumidity 10. Netweight and grossweight 11. Country oforigin in the caseof imported seeds 12.0u the label there must be a waruiug sign "Nul fur human or animal consumption" if tbe seeds are mixed with agricultural chemicals, in which case the name of the agricultural chemicals must be shown, or "Cannot be used for seedreproduction" if the seeds are hybrid. V.4 Animal Food and Nutrients 1. Packaging: Animal food that is imported or produced "locally lor sale must be packed in sound, weatherproofmaterials in order to ensure quality and facilitate transport, storage and use. 2. Labeling: Animal food that is imported or produced locally must be labeled with adequate and clearinformation in Khmer, readable andindelible, indicatingthe following: ProductDame Nutrient composition and othersubstances Registration number Name of countryof manufacture Lot number Directions for use • Directions for storing Manufacturing date and expirydate Net weight VI. Disposal and Destruction ofBanned Waste, Packaging Material and Agricultural Chemicals ~ Any disposal and destruction of waste or packaging.material or agricultural chemicals that have beenbanned from use by merchants require the authorization of the MAFF in agreement withthe Ministry ofEnvironment The methods used for disposal and destruction of banned waste, packaging material or agricultural chemicals mustbe implemented inaccordance with MAFF guidelinesand in agreement with the Ministry ofEnvirorunent Any cost of disposaland destruction ofbanned waste. packaging material or agricultural chemicals shallbe the responsibility of themerchants. 9 VII. Storage and Display of Agricultural Chemicals VII.l Storage of Agricultural Chemicals The methods and requirements for storage of agricultural chemicals shall be implemented as follows: A. StorageMethod!: 1. Agricultural chemicals. mustbekeptin theiroriginalpackage. 2 Agricnttnrnl chemicals should not be mixed up and should follow the ~ideline: "First In First Out". 3. Agricultural chemicals must bekeptin a placethat can be locked up properly. 4. Agricultural chemicals must be keptaway from food, drinkandwater. 5. Agricultural chemicals should not be kept on a dirt or brick floor hut should he kept on a wooden floor. 6. The floor for keeping agricultural chemicals must be clean and tidy with space between each row. 7. There should be no objt<:t I1t the entrance or in the corridor that can cause obstruction in caseof.an emergency. B. Requirements for StOTa!Ie: 1. Agricultural chemicals should not be stored in a high temperature environment or in sunlight 2. The warehouse must bedry, 3. Theremustbe adequate ventilation. The location of the warehouse for agricultural chemicals must be approved by the MAFFwith the agreement of theMinistry ofEnvironment. vn.2 Display of Agricultural Chemicals Agricultural chemicals must be displayed in an orderly, safe manner in order Co avoid any preventable breakages. The sign "Danger" should bedisplayed in the shop. It is prohibitedto display agricultural chemicals for sale near or next to food, medicines or otherequipment. VIll. Not for Sale VIIlI Agricultural Chemicals It is prohibited to sell any agricultural chemicals that: 1. Are fake. 2. Are below standard. 3. Have past the expiration date or are ofbad quality. 4. Have not been registered OT havebeen registered but do not snow a registration number On thelabel. 5. Have been registered on thecondition that it is for use in experimentation. VIII.2 Chemical Fertilizer It is prohibitedto sell anychemical fertilizer thatis: 10 1- Fake. 2- Ofpoorquality. 3 - Not specific. 4- Has not been registered or has been registered but does not show a registration number on the label. Note: Poorquality chemical fertilizers can be sold only with the approval of the MAFF. If this is the.case, additional information on the type and quantity of the chemical fertilizers must be provided. Such fertilizers mustbe repacked with the phrase "Poor QualityFertilizer" and content of ingredi<::IlL:s (N-P-K) uu the sack, VIII.3Seedsand Hybrid Seeds It is prohibited to sell the following: 1. Seeds thatcontain Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). 2. Seeds andhybridseeds that are belowa minimum standardquality. 3. Certified seeds that have not been registered or have been registered but do not show a registration number on the label. VIII.4 AnimalFood and Nutrients It is prohibited tosen anyanimalfoodor nutrients that: I. Arefake. 2. Are below standard quality. 3. Are of poor quality. 4. Have pastthe expiration date. 5. Havenot been registered or have been registered but do not show a registrationnumber on the label. IX. Advertising Agricultural Chemical Advertisements in any fonn must be authorized by the MAFF. The natural person or legal entity who has fully registered An 'lgncl11tnral chemical item and wishes to advertise that item must submit a passage or transparency picture or photograph of the agricultural chemical to the MAFF forreview andapproval priorto advertisement. X. Obligations of Merchants 1. Properly follow and abide by MAFFregulations andinstructions. 2. Facilitate inspections by MAFFofficials. 3. Keep U book .Ior recording on a regular. basis agricultural products coiuiug in and going out. 4. The business license and registration certificate must be displayed in the establislunent where agricultural materials are sold. XI. Hesponsibllity for Controlling and Inspection The MAFF is responsible for controlling and inspecting all business operations relating to agricultural materials in theKingdom ofCambodia. The Provincial/Municipal Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (pDAFF) is responsible for controlling, instructing and inspecting all business operations relating to agricultural materials in its respective province/municipality. 11 Inspectors shallbe responsible for: 1. Inspecting the inside and outside of any establishment and its surroundings, warehouses, vehicles and farms relating to any agricultural materials business that is suspected of breaching provisions of Sub-decree No. 69 "~UU~fi concerning the Standards ant! Management or Agrtculmrat .Materials in collaboration With the commune administration, localauthorities orrelevantagencies. 2. Seeing to it that merchants show record books of incoming and outgoing stocks or otherdocuments relating to lheagncuHural materials business. 3. Taking a sample of the agricultural materials product that is suspected of breaching quality standard for analysis. ~ The MAFF shall be responsible for meting out administrative punishmentsas follows: 1. Giving a written warningto and temporarily keeping the suspicious object and filing a complaint with a court of law for any natural person or legal entity who carries out an agricultural materials business relating to: Chemical fertilizers. whether they are imported or produced locally. that have not beenregistered with theMAFF. Any agricultural chemical that is produced. mixed. repacked, imported, whoJAARletf or retRiloo n:itOOl1t R registration certificate or that is not ~pecified in theMAFF Prakas (Decree) on theauthorization of temporary use. Animal food and nutrients that are produced locally, imported, exported and sold that are not compliant with what has already been registered. 2. Issuinga written warning to and entailing an amendment to the contract within 7 days for any: Natural person or legal entity that intends to produce, import or export without a license from the MAFF. R.epl1r.;k.agin~ of chemical Ienilizers in smaller sacks for sale without a license from the.MAFF. Agricultural chemicals that are being circulated in the marketplace in the KingdomofCambodia but arenot specified in the MAFF Prakas, Agricultural chemicals that are stated on the MAFF approved list but have not been registered. Agricultural chemicals that are in Category 1 according to the Categories set by the\VRO. Agricultural chemicals that have already been registered but adopt a new formula or trade name. 12 Agricultural chemicals that are fake and of poor quality, and have active ingredients differentfromthosestated on the label. Agricultural chemicals that are specified in a special registration. In the event that a repeat offense is committed, the suspicious items shall be confiscated while legal proceedings. are undertaken with a court oflaw. 3. Giving a written warning to and temporarily confiscating the suspicious items and then filing a legal proceeding to a court of law for any natural person or legal entity who conducts any of the following agricultural materials businesses: Chemical fertilizers produced» imported, or sold in Cambodia whose ingredient composition is differentfromthat of the registered quality assurance. Fakechemicalfertilizers. Methods and requirements for storage of agricultural chemicals that are inconsistent with thoseindicated in theInstructive Circular herewith. The location for storingagricultural chemicals that are not approved by the MAFF andthe Ministryof Environment. The procedures and requirements for production, import, export and trade of animal medicines that are not in compliance with the joint Prakas of the MAFF andthe MinistryofHeaJth. Animal food and nutrients put on sale without a package and label in Khmer as detenninedby the Instructive Circular herewith. In case a repeat offense is committed, the offender shall have bisJher license withdrawn permanently, 4. Giving a written warning and entailinzanamendment to the contractwithin 15 days for anynaturalperson or legalentitywho conducts anyof the followingbusinesses: Chemical fertilizers with no label in Khmer or with an unreadable label as ilf"-"criben in the Instructive Circularherewith. ~ Agricultural chemicals that are packed in packaging material different from the standard specifiedin theInstructive Circular herewith. Agricultural chemicals that are repacked withoutpermission from the MAFF. Seeds that are put on sale withouta package and label as stated in the Instructive Circular herewith. Animal medicines that do not measure up to the quality standard as described by the joint Prakas of the MAFF and theMinistry of Health. Animal medicines and food and nutrients that are fake and below standard or have expired. 13 In case a repeat offense is committed, the offender shall have his/her license temporarilysuspended. .5. Giving a written warning to and entailing an amendment [0 the contract '....ithin 7 days for any naturalpersonor legal entity who: Disposes of or destroys its waste or agricultural chemical packages without permission from the MAFF and without approval from the Ministry of Environment Advertises agricultural chemicals, regardless of any means, without permission fmm the MAFF. Put on sale seeds and hybrid seeds in the Kingdom of Cambodia not complying with thequality standard asdetermined by MAFF. In case of a repeat offense the offender shall have his/her license temporarily suspended. 6. Giving a written warning to and entailing an amendment to the contract within 7 days for any natural. person or legal entity who: Producescertified seeds or hybrid seeds for business without registration with the MAFF and without following the technology instructed for the production and storage nfthe said seeds. Importsseeds and hybrid seedswithout a license from the MAFF. After receiving the Instructive Circular herewith, all relevant departments under the supervision of the :IVIAFF and all heads of provincial/munivipa1l1cpi:lfl.IllclJ~uf Ugliculture, forestry and fisheries must collaborate with their respective local authorities to publicize and implement this Instructive Circular effectively fromthe date of signature. Phnom Penh, October 21,2002 Minister (Signature andstamp) CHANSARUN cc: Office of the Council of Ministers Ministry of Interior Minis.try ofEconomyandFinance Ministry ofEnvironment Ministry ofCommerce Ministry ofJustice ~ Ministry of Information 'Ministry ofHealth 'Ministry ofIndustry; Mines and Energy Ministry ofPublic Works and Transport Council for the Development ofCambodia ·-Cbunci\ fOT the Rehabilitation and Develo~mentofAgricultureand Rural Areas All provinciaVmunicipal halls AUunitsunder the supervision of the MAFF Records- Archives 14