Cambodia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)

2014-2023 (CCCSP 2014-2023) to build synergy with existing government policy documents and sector development plans while tackling climate change challenges. Building on the successful implementation of the CCCSP 2014-2023, the CCCSP 2024-2033 was developed and fully adopted in 2025, aiming to effectively address ongoing climate change challenges, 2 UN: Cambodia Graduation Status, https://www.un.org/ldcportal/content/cambodia-graduation-status 5 bolster resilience, and facilitate sustainable development and particularly to accelerate and complement the implementation of the upcoming NDC. The CCCSP 2024-2033 serves as the National Adaptation Plan (NAP). Cambodia’s first Biennial Update Report (BUR) was submitted in August 2020, and the Third National Communication (TNC) in December 2022. Cambodia was also among the first LDCs to submit the first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) to the UNFCCC in December 2024. The same year, the country developed the Operational Manual for the Implementation of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in Cambodia. In 2021, Cambodia developed the Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN) aimed at achieving a carbon-neutral and resilient society by 2050 as the first country in ASEAN and the second LDC worldwide to submit a Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT- LEDS). In August 2023, the RGC adopted the Pentagonal Strategy – Phase I, serving as the government’s overarching policy direction for sustainable socio-economic growth and standpoint to addressing climate change, and Cambodia's long-term vision of becoming a high-income nation by 2050. Key climate policy instruments developed are required to align and directly support the Pentagonal Strategy’s fifth pillar, focusing on sustainable and inclusive development, which emphasizes environmental protection, natural resource management, and climate resilience as essential components of inclusive growth. Cambodia’s Environment and Natural Resources Code was also adopted in 2023, aiming to ensure environmental management, protection, conservation, and restoration of natural resources, biodiversity, cultural property, and sustainable living. Soon after, the Circular Strategy on Environment 2023-2028 was launched with a focus on three pillars (Clean, Green, and Sustainable) intending to transform the potential of the environmental sector for the benefit of Cambodians, ensure environment response to climate change, and promote sustainable development. Cambodia has also made significant progress in developing and implementing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks, including climate finance. The NDC tracking system, a first-ever online-based web platform in Cambodia under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) of the Paris Agreement, was developed in 2022 to track the NDC implementation progress on an annual basis. The country has produced regular Climate Public Expenditure Reviews (CPER) from 2013 to 2023 and has improved climate finance in its Official Development Assistance (ODA) database. The National M&E Framework for Climate Change Response, including the Climate Change Vulnerability Index and other climate change information systems3 has been developed and regularly updated with the support of the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance Programme. Cambodia's NDC 3.0 is aligned with the key policy frameworks, ensuring that climate actions are integrated into broader developmental goals and environmental management initiatives, fostering a cohesive approach to sustainable development. 3 Climate change data portal on the NCSD’s website: https://ncsd.moe.gov.kh/dcc/data-portal 6 2.2. The Ambition for Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 The country recognizes the urgent need to tackle climate change impacts, which are characterized by frequent floods, droughts, storms, heat waves and irregular rainfall and threaten its sustainable development, biodiversity, social economy, and people's livelihoods. Climate change would reduce the country’s annual average GDP growth by 6.6% in 2030 and up to 9.8% in 20504, potentially derailing the government’s development targets of achieving upper-middle-income status by 2030 and becoming a high-income country by 2050. Cambodia places a strong emphasis on climate change adaptation, recognizing its high vulnerability to climate impacts and extreme weather events. This NDC reaffirms the country’s commitment to accelerating adaptation efforts to protect its people, ecosystems, and economy. At the same time, despite historically low GHG emissions, Cambodia acknowledges the growing challenges posed by increasing emissions linked to its rapid development. Therefore, this NDC also reflects a stronger ambition on mitigation, signaling Cambodia’s determination to pursue a low-carbon development pathway while building resilience. Building on its previous NDCs, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 emphasizes the commitment made by the RGC, led by the National Council for Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Environment, to develop a more ambitious, implementable, and inclusive NDC 3.0. Cambodia's NDC 3.0 presents a comprehensive framework for climate action, focusing on various mitigation sectors, including Energy (which includes energy in industries and buildings, transport and manufacturing and construction), Waste, Industry/IPPU, Agriculture, and Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU). Additionally, it aims to enhance adaptation capacities by addressing critical adaptation sectors such as Energy, Industry, Agriculture, FOLU, Human health, WASH, Infrastructure (which includes building, urban planning, and roads), Livelihood and ecosystems (tourism, cultural heritage, biodiversity, protected areas, coastal areas), Disaster and climate risk management, Social protection, social services and child protection, Food system, and Air quality. It also includes enabling measures, emphasizing the importance of Education, information, awareness-raising, Policy, planning and capacity building. Governance measures are also highlighted, including strengthening institutional mechanisms to foster climate action, and addressing cross- cutting priorities such as gender equality, social inclusion, youth and private sector engagement. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 marks the first time that social protection, as a means to strengthen the resilience of those vulnerable to climate change by enhancing adaptive capacities and promoting a just transition, social services and child protection have been explicitly included as key components. Additionally, the emphasis on the WASH and Disaster and climate risk management sector has increased, treating them as distinct categories, underscoring their critical importance in climate adaptation. Furthermore, Food systems and nutrition are addressed by recognizing their integral role in building resilience against climate impacts. Cross-cutting themes within Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 include Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) considerations essential for fostering comprehensive and sustainable climate action based on the human rights to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. It is recognized that integrating human rights into NDCs ensures effective, sustainable, and 4 NCSD and MEF (2019). Addressing climate change Impacts on Economic Growth in Cambodia 7 equitable climate action. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 emphasizes that the transformation to a decarbonized, resilient economy must leave no one behind, aiming to reduce rather than deepen existing social gaps by considering re-skilling and economic diversification in line with the principles of just transition. Aside from the sector-specific targets and strategic measures abovementioned, the need for international support in terms of finance, technology transfer, and capacity building is indispensable to transform Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 measures into tangible actions on the ground feeding into broader climate outcomes. As a comprehensive policy document, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 serves as both a national roadmap and a reaffirmation of Cambodia’s role as a responsible member of the global climate community. A total of 163 measures have been endorsed by the Line Ministries, comprising 49 mitigation measures, 75 adaptation measures, and 39 enabling measures. 3. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Development Process and Stakeholder Engagement The development of Cambodia's NDC 3.0 followed a comprehensive participatory approach, under the leadership of the Ministry of Environment and the National Council for Sustainable Development. The RGC received technical assistance from UNDP, which leveraged the infrastructure of the Climate Promise to lead a coordinated, system-wide support of the United Nations Country Team (UNCT) and development partners (DPs) to mobilize expertise and resources effectively to assist line ministries in proposing and validating their priority measures across the mitigation, adaptation, and enabling sectors. The preparatory work was successfully completed in December 2024, including a mapping of support provided by UN Agencies and DPs and the national stocktake analysis to assess progress towards existing NDC targets and identify opportunities for increased ambition for Cambodia’s NDC 3.0. The proposed methodology and workplan were presented to more than 180 participants from line ministries, members of the Climate Change Technical Working Group (CC-TWG), development partners, NGOs, academia, and youth representatives at the Inception workshop on 27 January 2025. The approach consisted of a comprehensive desk review and analysis on a sectoral basis which aimed to increase collaboration and uncover synergies between different ministries. The sectoral approach consisted of i) Policy alignment with recent priorities and targets to ensure coherence and strategic direction; ii) Sectoral assessments, reviewing recent studies and available data; iii) GHG emission reduction calculation and scenario modeling for mitigation sectors; iv) Critical analysis of the current status of Cambodia’s Updated NDC measures; v) Draft measures for the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0. This analysis was followed by sectoral consultations to inform key stakeholders about the NDC 3.0 development processes, present the progress made in implementing the existing measures and facilitate discussions on the ambitions and priorities for Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 by sector. The consultations targeted CC-TWG focal points, specific departments within the Line Ministries (LMs), representatives from the private sector, as well as NGOs, civil society 8 organizations, youth and academia. Over the course of the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 development, a total of 17 sectoral consultations involved over 650 participants (150+ women, 40+ youth, 7 Indigenous Peoples and 6 People with Disabilities) with the majority (62%) from the government, followed by development partners (26%), NGOs (8%), private sector (4%) and academia (<1%). These culminated in the zero draft document shared at the National Consultation Workshop at the end of April 2025. The event provided an opportunity for nearly 300 participants (33% women) to comment on the proposed measures and contribute to improving targets. This effort was complemented by four Sub-national Consultation Workshops, organized in Kep, Battambang, Siem Reap and Mondulkiri, bringing together 300+ attendees (around 30% women and 20% youth) in order to reflect the views, experiences and priorities across all 25 provinces. Throughout the process, a special attention was paid to the representation of voices from marginalized groups and the inclusion of cross cutting topics in the sectoral discussions. For this purpose, the CC-TWG members received a training on “Development of a Transformative Cambodia’s NDC 3.0: Goal Setting and Strengthening Inclusive Approaches” on 12 March 2025 drawing on key principles from the Toolkit on Integrating Human Rights in NDCs developed by OHCHR. In addition, two sessions targeting representatives from Indigenous People’s Organizations (IPOs) and Disabled People's Organisations (DPOs) took place ahead of the main consultative events in order to share knowledge and identify entry points to effectively contribute to the process. Finally, all measures and targets were reviewed by a team of dedicated experts on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI), complimenting the heightened effort of tracking the participation of representatives from various socio-economic groups in the process. A dedicated Dialogue on Gender Mainstreaming in the NDC was organized on 25 April 2025 with support from ADB, to strengthen collaboration between representatives of the CC-TWG and the Gender Mainstreaming Action Groups (GMAGs) from across the line ministries. An additional emphasis was placed on the engagement of youth in the process as the stewards of Cambodia’s climate future. More than 150 young people (under 35 years old) participated in the formulation of the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 and additional 550 (250 in person + 200 online) provided inputs on young people’s priorities through the National Youth Statement devised as part of the Local Conference of Youth hold on 3 June 2025, supported by UNDP and UNICEF. Two separate sessions, with nearly 100 participants, were dedicated to the engagement with the private sectors and their perspective on relevant measures. One session focused on the garment and textile sectors, as part of the Cambodia Global Textile Summit 2025, leveraging the networks of the UNFCCC Fashion Charter and EuroCham. The other session, supported by the EU, explored carbon market opportunities and enabling mechanisms to enhance private sector involvement in the NDC measures. All the inputs were integrated in the updated draft, leading to a consolidated document presented at the Validation Workshop held on 4 July 2025, where it received general appreciation from the Line Ministries and engaged a broad range of DPs and NGOs. Additionally, the draft report was presented at an official session of the NCSD on 10 July 2025, where it received formal endorsement. 9 4. Mitigation Contribution This chapter outlines the strategy to address climate change by targeting key sectors that contribute significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The sectors covered include energy5, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), agriculture, forestry and land use (FOLU) and waste management, with a combined mitigation potential of 55% by 2035 compared to business as usual. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Energy strategy aims to accelerate the transition to a cleaner, more resilient energy system by increasing the share of renewable energy (RE) in installed capacity to 72% by 2035 (conditionally up to 80%). The plan includes near-universal rural electrification—targeting 99% of villages and households by 2035—by replacing diesel and fossil-based sources with decentralized RE solutions. The strategy includes the improvement of the supply-side energy efficiency through the adoption of grid modernization technologies. A no-new-coal policy supports the phase-down of coal-fired power, while exploring carbon capture and utilization technologies to repurpose emissions from existing plants. To promote energy efficiency, the strategy introduces mandatory Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and labeling for residential and industrial appliances, as well as public lighting. Additionally, it targets 60% national adoption of clean cooking solutions and advances building energy codes with passive cooling indicators to reduce energy demand in the built environment. In Transport, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 aims to transition toward a low-carbon, efficient, and integrated mobility system by 2035. The plan targets a 15% modal share for urban public buses and promotes electric mobility, aiming for 35% of motorcycles, 5% of tuk-tuks, 5% of passenger cars, and 20% of urban buses to be electric vehicles. The country will adopt national standards for internal combustion engine vehicles, with a goal for 50% of the vehicle stock to comply by 2035. A centralized transport data platform will be developed to support planning and monitoring, with two-thirds of inspection centers equipped to track emissions by 2025. The strategy also includes shifting 5% of long-distance passenger and freight transport to rail and enhancing waterborne transport via the Funan Techo Canal, targeting a 6% modal share. To address aviation emissions, the NDC 3.0 includes measures to improve operational efficiency, adopt fuel-saving practices, and transition to sustainable aviation fuels, with 80% of airline operators expected to comply. Manufacturing industries and construction focuses on enhancing energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy use. Key actions include implementing an Energy Management Program to enhance sustainable energy efficiency in industries, developing regulations, and leveraging energy standards and labeling for industrial equipment across sectors like garments, food and beverage, agro-processing, and electrical industries. It also promotes efficient and renewable steam generation, aiming for 100% sustainable wood use and 80% steam system efficiency. Additional measures include transitioning to energy- efficient brick kilns and improving energy performance in the cement sector. 5 Based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, the Energy sector includes the following categories under “Fuel Combustion Activities”: 1.A.1 Energy Industries, 1.A.2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction, 1.A.3. Transport, and 1.A.4 Other sectors (Commercial/Institutional/Residential/Agriculture/Forestry/etc). 10 Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 strategy for the IPPU sector targets emissions reduction through material substitution and refrigerant transition. In the cement industry, it promotes low- carbon materials by reducing the clinker-to-cement ratio to 75% using alternatives like fly ash and other supplementary cementitious materials. For cooling, the NDC 3.0 supports a phasedown of fluorinated gases by shifting to low-GWP refrigerants. These measures aim to reduce GHG emissions by 56% (unconditional) and 72% (conditional) by 2035. Key goals for a climate-resilient and sustainable Agricultural sector by 2035 include reducing chemical fertilizer use by 15% across 2 million ha of rice, expanding biochar and organic alternatives, and applying water-saving practices like intermittent flooding on 90,000 hectares. Mechanized Direct Seeded Rice (mDSR) is expected to cover 100,000 hectares by 2035. The country also aims to manage rice straw sustainably, with 75% collected for reuse and 25% returned to the soil. Integrated nutrient management will be adopted on 40% of cropland, and agro-ecological practices will be applied on 16,000 hectares, with 30% of women farmers trained in climate-smart techniques. For livestock, Cambodia targets a 100% increase in biogas use in pig farming and 25% adoption in cattle, reaching 97,000 households with biodigesters. Improved feeding will benefit over 200,000 cattle, with training for women farmers. The rubber sector will see 50,000 hectares under sustainable practices and 150,000 hectares of improved rubber wood harvesting. The FOLU sector, historically accounting for the majority of Cambodia’s GHG emissions, is aiming to halve deforestation rate by 2030 through REDD+ and sustainable land use. By 2035, 80% of wood used in key industries will come from certified sustainable sources, supported by a national traceability system. Forest cover will expand with 600,000 ha of plantations and 220,000 ha of restored land by 2035. Assisted natural regeneration will cover 450,000 ha, alongside restoration of 56,900 ha of flooded forests and 4,080 ha of mangroves. Improved forest management will cover 60% of forest land by 2035, including 2 million ha under Community Forestry. Agroforestry will also scale up, reaching 50,000 ha by 2025 and 160,000 ha by 2050. The Waste management sector focuses on reducing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation through targeted actions such as food waste reduction, recycling programs, and public awareness campaigns, with a strong emphasis on limiting plastic waste. By 2035, 50% of MSW is expected to be segregated at source, 75% of households will have access to regular waste collection services, and open burning will be reduced to 10%. Organic waste processing capacity will be expanded to 600,000 tons/year (25% of the total), emphasizing municipal and regional facilities, community composting and farmer participation. To extend landfill lifespan, the approach includes establishing Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) processing and a large-scale waste-to-energy facility by 2035, aiming to reduce landfill MSW by 30% and boost medical waste treatment to 8 tons/day. Landfill operations will be strengthened, with a 50% increase in controlled and sanitary landfills by 2035, and the Toul Prech regional landfill will feature landfill gas (LFG) extraction by 2027. Textile waste management will be improved through centralized sorting centers and factory-level initiatives supported by incentives. In industrial wastewater management, the goal is 100% treatment coverage for Garment, Footwear and Travel goods (GFT) and leather factories and a 100% increase in biogas- producing treatment plants. 11 4.1. Mitigation Targets Based on the specific mitigation targets, GHG emissions have been modeled for all the mitigation sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU), and Waste. The modeling presents GHG emissions projections and the impact of intervention measures for the period 2026 to 2035, under the following scenarios: ● Business As Usual (BAU) Scenario ● NDC 3.0 Unconditional Scenario ● NDC 3.0 Conditional Scenario The Business-as-Usual (BAU) Scenario reflects the projected trajectory of GHG emissions in the absence of new climate mitigation policies beyond those already in place as of the 2020 base year. It serves as a benchmark for assessing the impact of proposed interventions under NDC 3.0, highlighting the urgency and scale of emissions reductions required. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Unconditional Scenario includes climate actions that the RGC commits to implementing using its own resources and capabilities, its national budget and support that is already confirmed from development partners. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Conditional Scenario includes all unconditional measures as well as the measures where the RGC requires external financial and technical support for the implementation to fully achieve its climate ambitions. Methodology To ensure consistency and comparability across all mitigation sectors, a set of common assumptions has been applied. While each sector utilized the most appropriate and widely recognized modeling tools to estimate sectoral GHG emissions, the following shared assumptions were adopted: ● Base Year: 2020 ● Baseline Data: BTR1 (with specific exceptions noted below) ● Time Horizon: 2020–2035 with annual time steps and impact of intervention measures for the period 2026 to 2035. A common database of socio-economic parameters was developed to support modeling across the mitigation sectors and data, which includes household income, consumption, labor, land use, agricultural production, industrial output, and demographic indicator, is sourced from national socio-economic surveys and sectoral databases maintained by various ministries. The Energy sector has been modeled using a harmonized approach across the IPCC categories, including 1.A.1 Energy Industries, 1.A.2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction, 1.A.3. Transport, and 1.A.4 Other sectors. The Energy (1.A.1 and 1.A.4) modelling approach is based on the Cambodia Energy-Economics Model (CEEM), which generates annual projections from 2025 to 2050 for key indicators, including GHG emissions, energy demand and supply, generation capacity, energy intensity, intervention costs, and 12 socio-economic metrics like GDP, employment, and fiscal balances. The model is calibrated using historical data from 2010–2024 and supports scenario analysis. Data sources include national inputs such as Cambodia’s GHG Inventories, the MME Power Development Master Plan (PDP) 2022–2040, the BTR1 2024, and the NEEP. International datasets supplement these, including IEA energy balances, global energy prices, and IPCC guideline parameters. To model both Energy/Transport and IPPU sectors, the modelling tool LEAP (Low Emissions Analysis Platform) was selected. It aligns with BTR1 to ensure consistency and uses annual time steps for greater resolution in planning and policy assessment. Emission estimates rely on internationally recognized guidelines and default factors. Transport emissions use the

2006 IPCC Guidelines and EMEP/EEA values, cement emissions apply Tier 1 methodology based on clinker ratios, while HFC emissions are calculated using GWP values from IPCC AR6 (2021). The mitigation potential of the measures of Energy/Manufacturing Industries and Construction is based on the NEEP, on the EU Switch Garment project and is developed using the projected grid emission factor and sub-sector-specific energy demand growth. Baseline data from the NEEP and PDP are used instead of BTR1, as they consider the rapid development of the industrial sector more accurately and align more closely with statistics from the MME and the International Energy Agency (IEA). The GHG emission modeling for the Waste sector follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories – Volume 5: Waste. The approach incorporates both Tier 1 and Tier 2 methodologies, selected based on data availability, and covers municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial wastewater (IWW), and urban wastewater (UWW). Baseline data from BTR1 has been used for all sub-sectors, with the following exceptions: the 2020 baseline data for total solid waste generation is sourced from the MoE’s Waste Management in Cambodia Overview (2021); an estimate based on regional averages of the population practicing open burning was used. It is noted that the calculation of UWW emissions is accounted for under WASH sector. The Nationally Determined Contribution Expert Tool (NEXT) was used in the Agriculture sector. It was developed using the IPCC methodologies, and estimates can be made using either the 2006 IPCC guidelines or the 2019 IPCC refinement to the 2006 IPCC, which are complemented with the 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement. The BAU scenario was aligned with the BTR1 for enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, direct and indirect N₂O emissions from soils, urea application, and biomass burning, while the baseline from rice were revised following extensive technical discussions between GIZ, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and MAFF. In the FOLU modelling approach, in accordance with the BTR1, emissions and removals from deforestation, afforestation, and reforestation activities are calculated using the stock- difference method (Equation 2.5 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines). The calculations are based on land use monitoring, utilizing government-produced national maps. Carbon stock changes are estimated by land cover class. The mitigation potential from enhanced forest management, Assisted Natural Regeneration, other forest restoration activities, and agroforestry, is estimated using the LTS4CN methodology. Emissions / removals are estimated per scenario for both definition of forests, i.e., the REDD+ definition and the national forest definition. The key distinction between these two definitions lies in land classification: under the REDD+ definition, areas occupied by rubber, oil palm plantations, and other perennial crops are excluded from the forest land category, whereas these areas are typically included under the national definition. 13 Results The BAU scenario reflects the projected trajectory of GHG emissions in the absence of new climate mitigation policies beyond those already in place as of the 2020 base year. It serves as a benchmark for assessing the impact of proposed interventions under NDC 3.0. GHG emissions are projected to rise significantly across most sectors by 2035. The energy sector leads with a 183% increase from 2020 levels, followed by a 124% rise in IPPU emissions. Emissions from the waste and agriculture sectors are expected to grow by 60% and 56%, respectively. In contrast, the FOLU sector is projected to achieve a 59% reduction in emissions compared to 2020 levels, under the BAU scenario.6 Table 2 and Figure 2 present the BAU scenario from 2020 to 2035, highlighting the contribution of each mitigation sector, while Table 3 shows the sectoral shares in 2020 and 2035, still within the BAU scenario. Table 2: BAU Scenario Sectors 202 Cumulative 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 0 2026-2035 Energy 16.1 16.5 17.8 20.6 23.1 25.7 27.9 30.1 31.8 33.5 35.4 37.2 39.2 41.2 43.2 45.5 364.9 IPPU 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.2 7.0 7.5 7.8 8.1 8.4 8.7 9.1 9.3 9.4 81.6 Agriculture 27.1 28.3 29.9 30.3 31.1 32.0 33.5 34.5 35.5 36.5 37.5 38.5 39.5 40.5 41.4 42.4 379.8 FOLU 65.4 59.3 53.2 47.2 41.1 35.0 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.6 30.7 30.0 29.2 28.5 27.7 27.0 304.5 Waste 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.8 7.3 7.4 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.8 9.1 9.3 82.4 Total 118.5 114 110.3 108 106.3 104.9 109.0 112.3 115.0 117.2 119.8 122.3 125.2 127.9 130.7 133.7 1,213.1 BAU Scenario 140 120 GHG Emissions (MtCO2e) 100 80 60 40 20 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 Energy Industry / IPPU Agriculture FOLU Waste Figure 2: BAU Scenario 6 The FOLU projection is based on the average deforestation rates from historical years 2014 to 2020, estimated in relative terms (percentage). These rates are applied annually to a progressively shrinking forest land base. As a result, the relative area deforested each year, and consequently the associated emissions, shows a decreasing trend over time. This assumption is consistent with the LTS4CN BAU scenario. 14 Table 3: Sectoral share in BAU 2020 and BAU 2035 Sector BAU 2020 Sectoral share BAU 2035 Sectoral share [MtCO2e] 2020 [%] [MtCO2e] 2035 [%] Energy 16.1 14% 45.5 34% IPPU 4.2 4% 9.4 7% Agriculture 27.1 23% 42.4 32% FOLU 65.4 55% 27.0 20% Waste 5.8 5% 9.3 7% Total 118.5 100% 133.7 100% Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Scenarios GHG emissions reductions have been projected up to 2035, assuming full implementation of mitigation measures and achievement of their respective targets. Under the unconditional scenario (Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Unconditional), which includes climate actions that the RGC commits to implement using its own resources and capabilities, the total GHG cumulative reduction from 2026 to 2035 is estimated at 130.17 MtCO₂e. The estimated GHG emissions reduction under the NDC Unconditional scenario will be approximately 21.7 MtCO2e, representing a 16% reduction compared to the 2035 BAU scenario. With the additional implementation of conditional measures (Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Conditional), which include all unconditional actions plus those requiring external financial and technical support, the total GHG cumulative reduction (2026–2035) is approximately 485.93 MtCO₂e. The estimated GHG emissions reduction under the NDC Conditional scenario will be approximately 73.3 MtCO2e, which corresponds to a 55% reduction compared to the 2035 BAU scenario. Table 4 and Figure 3 compare the three scenarios - BAU, NDC 3.0 Unconditional and NDC 3.0 Conditional - from 2020 to 2035. Table 4: BAU and Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 scenarios Cumulative Scenarios 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2026-2035 BAU 118.5 114 110.3 108 106.3 104.9 109.0 112.3 115.0 117.2 119.8 122.3 125.2 127.9 130.7 133.7 1,213.1 NDC 3.0 118.5 114.1 110.3 108.1 106.3 104.9 104.8 105.7 106.6 107.1 107.8 108.5 109.4 110.2 110.8 112.1 1083.0 Unconditional NDC 3.0 118.5 114.1 110.3 108.1 106.3 93.2 86.3 83.0 80.2 76.7 73.2 70.8 68.4 65.7 62.7 60.4 727.2 Conditional 15 Total GHG Emissions - NDC 3.0 Scenarios 160 140 120 GHG Emissions (MtCO2e) 100 80 60 40 20 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 BAU Scenario NDC 3.0 - Unconditional Scenario NDC 3.0 - Conditional Scenario Figure 3: BAU and Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Scenarios Under Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Unconditional Scenario, the waste and FOLU sectors will lead in GHG emission reductions, achieving a 30% decrease relative to BAU levels in 2035. This is followed by reductions in the Energy (20%) and IPPU (19%) sectors. No measures are under the unconditional scenario for Agriculture. In Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Conditional Scenario, the FOLU sector shows the most significant impact, with emissions reduced by 148%, indicating a net carbon sink. This is followed by substantial reductions in the waste (59%), energy (51%), and IPPU (24%) sectors. Emission reductions in the agriculture sector remain more modest at 5%. Table 5 presents the detailed numbers by sector in terms of emissions, emission reductions and percentage reductions under the different scenarios, Figure 4 and Figure 5 further illustrate the emissions by sector up to 2035. Table 5: NDC 3.0 Conditional and Unconditional scenarios compared to 2035 BAU BAU 2035 NDC 3.0 NDC 3.0 Unconditional 2035 Conditional 2035 Sectors Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions (MtCO2e) (MtCO2e) reduction reduction (MtCO2e) reduction reduction (MtCO2e) [%] (MtCO2e) [%] Energy 45.5 36.5 -9.0 -20% 22.2 -23.3 -51% IPPU 9.4 7.6 -1.8 -19% 7.2 -2.2 -24% Agriculture 42.4 42.4 0 0% 40.2 -2.2 -5% FOLU 27.0 19.0 -8.0 -30% -13.0 -40.0 -148% Waste 9.3 6.5 -2.8 -30% 3.9 -5.4 -59% Total 133.7 112.1 -21.6 -16% 60.4 -73.3 -55% 16 NDC 3.0 - Unconditional scenario 140 120 100 GHG Emissions (MtCO 2e) 80 60 40 20 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 Energy Industry / IPPU Agriculture FOLU Waste Figure 4: GHG Emissions - NDC 3.0 Unconditional scenario NDC 3.0 - Conditional scenario 140 120 100 GHG Emissions (MtCO2e) 80 60 40 20 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 Energy Industry / IPPU Agriculture FOLU Waste Figure 5: GHG Emissions - NDC 3.0 Conditional scenario 17 The following table presents the sectoral shares under the two NDC 3.0 scenarios in terms of emissions in 2035. Table 6: Sectoral share NDC Unconditional and NDC Conditional (GHG emission) in 2035 NDC 3.0 Unconditional Sectoral share NDC 3.0 Conditional Sectoral share Sector [MtCO2e] [%] [MtCO2e] [%] Energy 36.5 33% 22.2 37% IPPU 7.6 7% 7.2 12% Agriculture 42.4 38% 40.2 66% FOLU 19.0 17% -13.0 -22% Waste 6.5 6% 3.9 6% Total 112.1 100% 60.4 100% The following figures illustrate the percentage of emission reductions by sector under Cambodia’s two NDC 3.0 scenarios. In the Unconditional scenario, the waste and FOLU sectors each contribute 30% of the total reductions, making them the dominant contributors. In the Conditional scenario, FOLU’s contribution increases up to 148%, becoming a net carbon sink. Figure 6: Percentage of emission reductions by sector Figure 7: Percentage of emission reductions by sector in Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Unconditional scenario in Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 Conditional scenario These two figures also summarize that, under Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 – Unconditional, the estimated GHG emissions reduction will be approximately 21.7 MtCO2e, and that with the additional implementation of conditional measures (Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 – Conditional), the estimated GHG emissions reduction under the NDC Conditional scenario will be approximately 73.3 MtCO2e. 18 4.2. Mitigation Measures Table 7: List of mitigation measures, with description, GHG emissions reduction and Line Ministries involved # Title of the Measures, Descriptions and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions LMs Energy7

1 Increase the share of RE-installed capacity to 72% by 2035 (conditionally to 80% by MME 2035) with EAC, The measure focuses on scaling up utility-scale solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and pumped EDC hydro storage, while also promoting grid modernization to enhance energy efficiency and reliability. This transition will be implemented in two key phases: 70% RE by 2030, followed by a further increase to 72% by 2035, ensuring a gradual yet decisive shift away from fossil fuel dependency in the power sector. A core element of this plan is the prioritization of modern RE technologies, particularly solar and wind, to diversify Cambodia’s energy mix and maximize sustainability. GHG ER: 15.335 MtCO₂e

2 Electrification of rural areas to switch from diesel battery charging or fossil-based MME energy sources to national grid electricity and renewable energy with EAC, This measure tackles Cambodia's last-mile electrification gaps, where 120 unelectrified EDC villages and 2 diesel mini-grids (647.5 kW) still rely on expensive, polluting energy. It transitions these communities to clean power through solar hybrid mini-grids, and solar home systems, eliminating, on average, around 1.3-2.0 kgCO2/kWh from diesel while cutting energy costs. GHG ER: 6.949 MtCO₂e

3 Improve supply-side energy efficiency through the adoption of grid modernization MME technologies (e.g., high temperature low sag technologies, more efficiency conductors, etc.) with EAC, EDC This measure focuses on upgrading Cambodia's electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure through advanced grid technologies to reduce technical losses and enhance energy efficiency. Key interventions include, among others, deploying high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductors, high-efficiency transformers, and dynamic line rating systems, which collectively minimize power wastage and increase the grid's capacity to integrate renewable energy. By modernizing power system infrastructure, Cambodia can significantly reduce the 8-12% technical losses currently experienced in its grid, while improving reliability and reducing the need for additional fossil-fuel-based generation to compensate for inefficiencies. GHG ER: 2.738 MtCO₂e

4 Phase down coal-fired power plants MME This measure outlines Cambodia's commitment to gradually reduce reliance on coal-fired with EDC power plants while ensuring energy security during the transition to renewable energy. The strategy involves implementing a coal moratorium on new projects, accelerating the retirement of older inefficient plants, and transitioning some existing facilities to cleaner alternatives like biomass co-firing or LNG as transition fuels. This phased approach prioritizes grid stability while aligning with LTS4CN and its pledge to achieve an 72% renewable energy share in installed capacity by 2035.

5 Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) from Coal Power Plants MME This measure explores the feasibility of capturing CO₂ emissions existing coal-fired power with EDC plants and repurposing them for industrial and food-grade applications, such as beverage 7 It includes the IPCC categories 1.A.1 Energy Industries and 1.A.4 Other sectors. 19 carbonation, urea production, or concrete curing. Given Cambodia’s limited CCS (carbon capture and storage) geology, the focus will be on low-cost capture technologies (e.g., modular amine scrubbing) paired with short-cycle utilization to create economic value while reducing emissions. The initiative targets coal plants in Sihanoukville, which contribute ~36% of GHG Emission from the energy sector (IEA, 2025). It was estimated that around 30 GgCO₂e will be captured and utilized. GHG ER: 4.891 MtCO₂e

6 Adopt efficient and clean energy for cooking MME This measure aims to transform Cambodia's household and institutional cooking practices by promoting widespread adoption of energy-efficient cookstoves and clean cooking with solutions (e.g., improved biomass stoves, biogas, LPG, and electric induction). Targeting MAFF 72.8% of rural households still reliant on traditional wood/charcoal stoves (NIS 2021), the initiative addresses both forest conservation and public health by reducing indoor air pollution. The measure will target a 30% clean cookstove adoption by 2030 and 60% by 2035 GHG ER= 2.129 MtCO₂e

7 Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling (S&L) Program for residential MME This measure establishes mandatory Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and with MEF, energy labeling for high-consumption residential appliances, including air conditioners, MOC, refrigerators, fans, LED light, and rice cookers. Targeting appliances that account for ~60% MISTI of household electricity use, the program will phase out inefficient models while promoting affordable, high-efficiency alternatives through a tiered labeling system (1–5 stars). The initiative builds and aligns with ASEAN harmonized standards, ensuring access to regionally tested, climate-appropriate technologies. Target: 5 residential designated appliances with EE S&L in 2035 GHG ER: 3.276 MtCO₂e

8 Energy Efficiency S&L Program for Industrial designated appliances MME This measure introduces mandatory MEPS and energy labeling for key industrial with MEF, appliances (e.g. transformers, engines, fans, air compressors, pumps, and boilers) which MOC, collectively account for over 50% of industrial energy consumption in Cambodia. By MISTI phasing out inefficient models and promoting high-efficiency alternatives, the program aims to improve energy efficiency in Cambodia’s garment, building, and manufacturing sectors. GHG ER: 6.651 MtCO₂e

9 Establishment of the digital energy balance linking with energy management program MME for the building (MLMUPC), Industry, and SME Sector (MISTI) and others with Digital energy management technology uses digital tools like sensors, smart meters, and MLMUPC software to monitor, analyze, and manage energy consumption, ultimately aiming to , MISTI improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. This technology leverages data to identify areas for optimization, allowing for informed decision-making and automation of energy- saving processes. The proposed measure establishes a national digital energy balance platform to integrate real-time energy data across key sectors, including buildings (managed by MLMUPC), industries, and SMEs (under MISTI). By creating a unified system for energy monitoring and management, Cambodia can optimize demand-side efficiency. The initiative supports Cambodia’s NEEP. GHG ER: 4.807 MtCO₂e

10 Establishment of MEPS for public lighting MME This measure introduces MEPS for Cambodia's public lighting systems, including with streetlights, garden lighting, and municipal infrastructure. The standards will phase out MPWT inefficient technologies (e.g., high-pressure sodium lamps) in favor of Light Emitting 20 Diode (LED) lighting with smart controls, reducing energy consumption by 50-70% while improving illumination quality and safety contributing to the objectives of Cambodia’s NEEP. GHG ER = 1.202 MtCO₂e

11 Development of Building Energy Code policy framework & inclusion of a Passive MLMUPC Cooling strategies performance indicator with MME This measure aims at accelerating the Cambodian Government effort with Energy Efficiency and the Building Sector. The Inclusion of a Passive Cooling Strategies performance index within the country building energy regulations, will support and accelerate the practical implementation of the Building Energy Codes with options (technologies & know-how) that are already available and accessible (costs) in Cambodia. GHG ER= 2.978 MtCO₂e Energy/ Transport

12 Accelerate integrated public transport and low-carbon urban mobility in major cities MPWT This measure expands transit-oriented urban spaces with integrated public transport, with MEF, better coverage, and traffic upgrades, while enhancing walkability, and green spaces to cut SNA and emissions and improve inclusive, resilient urban access. city administr GHG ER= 0.3 MtCO₂e ations

13 Enforce regulations for introducing fuel efficiency and emission standards for internal MPWT combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in road transport with MME This measure introduces fuel economy standards for new and newer used vehicles through and MoE phased, regionally aligned benchmarks, supporting the NEEP and promoting equitable access to cleaner transport. GHG ER= 8.7 MtCO₂e

14 Develop an integrated, centralized transport data platform to enforce standards, MPWT support planning and MRV tracking This measure links vehicle inspection data with other systems to enforce safety and emission standards, support phased regulations, improve air quality, and enhance planning, equity, and progress tracking. GHG ER= 2.6 MtCO₂e

15 Scale up the adoption of electric mobility for low-carbon road transport MPWT This measure accelerates e-mobility through EV infrastructure, incentives, and partnerships, supporting Cambodia’s EV and climate goals while promoting inclusive access for women and underserved groups. GHG ER= 12.1 MtCO₂e

16 Shift long-distance freight and passenger transport from road to rail MPWT This measure shifts long-distance travel and freight to rail through upgrades and incentives, cutting emissions, reducing costs, and improving access for all users. GHG ER = 0.9 MtCO₂e

17 Enhance efficient and low-carbon waterborne transport through Funan Techo Canal MPWT The Funan Techo Canal, Cambodia’s largest inland waterway, will connect the Mekong to the sea via a 172 km route, cutting freight trips by up to 80 km and reducing costs, fuel use, and emissions. It also supports water management, agriculture, flood control, and tourism. GHG ER = 19.1 MtCO₂e 21

18 Improve operational efficiency and environmental improvements in civil aviation SSCA This measure reduces emissions from Cambodia’s civil aviation sector through operational improvements, adoption of fuel-efficient practices, and long-term transition to sustainable aviation fuels. It will align with ICAO’s CORSIA framework and Cambodia’s 2050 carbon neutrality goal. GHG ER =1.9 MtCO₂e Energy/Manufacturing and Construction

19 Energy Management Program to Enhance Sustainable energy efficient in industries MISTI Develop regulations promoting energy efficiency, including leveraging MME's work on with standards and labeling for key industrial equipment improvement across all industries MAFF for (GFT, F&B, agro processing, i.e., rubber, rice, cassava, electrical industries etc.) agro- processin - Implementation of standards and labeling protocols and Minimum Energy Performance g Standards (MEPS) for industrial equipment. interventi - Support from the NEEP 2022-2030. ons and - Alignment with Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production Strategy and Action Plan for with Industry and SME Sector 2021-2030 MME on standards GHG ER= 7.5 MtCO₂e and labelling

20 Renewable and efficient steam generation MISTI Targets steam using industries (GFT, F&B, agro-processing), focusing on steam system with efficient improvement and gradual transition to sustainable biomass fuels, biogas recovery MAFF and from waste water or electrification from renewable energy sources. MME Leverages on the FOLU action on developing certified sustainable wood supply chains GHG ER = 11.4 MtCO₂e

21 Transition to energy efficient brick kilns technology MISTI -Gradual displacement of intermittent kilns by rotary kilns -Kilns energy efficiency improvements (insulation, VSD fans) -Brick improvement (increase perforation area in hollow bricks, aerated autoclave bricks GHG ER= 5.1 MtCO₂e

22 Energy efficiency improvement in the cement sector MISTI -Thermal efficiency improvement through replacement of ball mills with vertical mills -Waste heat recovery -Adjustable speed drives for kiln fans -Coal reduction through clinker reduction (leveraging on IPPU action on clinker reduction). -RDF to reduce coal consumption GHG ER= 8.42 MtCO₂e

23 Convert Special Economic Zone (SEZ)/ Industrial Park (IP) into Eco-industrial parks MISTI (EIPs) Convert existing SEZs and IPs into EIPs through an integrated approach focusing on: -Resource Efficiency (Reduce energy (contributing to NEEP targets), water, and material consumption); -Circular Economy (Promote industrial symbiosis, waste reuse, and recycling); -Green Infrastructure (Implement sustainable systems like renewable energy, water treatment, green spaces). Aims to enhance environmental performance and generate economic benefits (e.g., cost savings) for participating industries. 22 Industry/IPPU

24 Transition to low-carbon materials to reduce clinker use in cement production MISTI This measure reduces cement emissions by lowering the clinker-to-cement ratio using alternative materials like blended cement, fly ash, and other Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs). GHG ER = 6.8 MtCO₂e

25 HFC Phase-down in cooling by transitioning to low-GWP alternatives MoE This measure gradually reduces hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) unconditionally, by with promoting low-GWP alternatives through regulations, capacity building and private sector MISTI participation (synergies with NEEP, National Cooling Action Plan and LTS4CN) GHG ER= 1.8 MtCO₂e (Unconditional) and 2.4 MtCO₂e (Conditional) over a 10-year period Agriculture

26 Increase the adoption of management and intermittent flooding in rice fields MAFF Encourage the adoption of non- photosensitivity rice cultivars alongside a shift from with continuously flooded fields to intermittent irrigation methods. The proposed action aims MoWRA to: M 1. Integrate AWD into national and subnational agricultural water-use policies and guidelines. 2. Incentivize AWD through subsidy schemes (e.g., for water-saving equipment or land leveling services). 3. Establish inter-agency coordination (e.g., MAFF, MOWRAM, local authorities) for irrigation scheduling and water governance. 4. Facilitate access to microfinance or grants for smallholder farmers to invest in AWD- enabling tools. 5. Implement performance-based payments (e.g., for water use reduction of GHG mitigation under climate-smart agriculture financing). GHG ER=7.07 MtCO2e

27 Increase Mechanized Direct Seeded-Rice (mDSR) MAFF Support the adoption of dry direct seeding techniques and increased mechanization in rice cultivation to reduce labor demand, lower production costs, and improve efficiency. They contribute to replacing traditional transplanting with machine-based direct seeding. It reduces labor demand, saves water, shortens the cropping cycle, and cuts methane emissions. 1. Integrate mDSR into national rice and climate-smart agriculture strategies, such as the National Action Plan for Rice Sector Development. 2. Subsidize or provide tax incentives on mDSR equipment. 3. Develop national technical guidelines on mDSR practices, including land preparation, seed rates, and weed management protocols. 4. Promote inclusive financing mechanisms, including Machinery leasing schemes and soft loans or grants for service providers and cooperatives.

28 Enhance rice straw management practices MAFF Promote improved rice straw management practices by discouraging open field burning and encouraging alternative uses such as composting, mulching, biochar production, or incorporation into soil combined with improved water management to avoid long anaerobic periods that could lead to methane emission. Reducing straw burning helps lower air pollution, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and improve soil health, contributing to more sustainable and climate-friendly rice production systems. GHG ER=0.88 MtCO2e

29 Increase adoption of integrated and site-specific nutrient management MAFF 23 Promote the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices to improve land productivity and long-term soil health. These practices contribute to increasing soil organic matter content, enhancing nutrient retention, water infiltration, and overall soil fertility— ultimately leading to higher yields, improved climate resilience, and reduced environmental degradation. 1. Integrate ISSNM into national agricultural development strategies, fertilizer policies, and climate-smart agriculture guidelines. 2. Develop technical standards and protocols for nutrient diagnostics, organic input use, and site-specific recommendations. 3. Support enforcement of fertilizer quality control to reduce counterfeit or substandard inputs.

30 Introduce agro-ecological practices, land productivities including reducing tillage and MAFF sustainable agriculture (such as mulching, cover cropping, crop rotations, alternative crops) Support the promotion and scaling-up of agroecological practices, with a focus on reduced tillage, to improve soil structure, enhance soil moisture retention, and reduce erosion. These practices contribute to enhancing carbon stock, increased soil organic matter, and greater climate resilience, while maintaining productivity and promoting long-term sustainability in agricultural systems.

31 Improve animal waste management for soil improvement and rural energy MAFF Support the development of sustainable animal waste management systems to convert livestock waste into valuable resources for soil improvement and renewable energy in rural areas. Properly managed manure can be used as organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and structure, while biogas production from animal waste offers a clean, affordable energy source for rural households. These practices contribute to circular agriculture, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote climate-smart farming solutions. The objectives are: 1. Integrate Biogas in Manure Management Guidelines 2. Assess and Promote Bioslurry Valorization Technologies 3. Scale Up Composting through a National Promotion Programme GHG ER=9.27 MtCO2e

32 Improve fodder and feeding for livestock production MAFF Encourage the adoption of feed additives in cattle production systems to improve feed efficiency, enhance animal health, and reduce enteric methane emissions. The use of scientifically proven additives—such as enzymes, probiotics, and methane inhibitors—can contribute to higher productivity, lower environmental impact, and support the transition to climate-smart livestock systems. GHG ER=0.57 MtCO2e

33 Improve Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Sustainable Natural Rubber (SNR) MAFF The measure is improving productivity, quality, and environmental stewardship within the rubber sector. Advancing GAP, farmers are empowered with knowledge and techniques that enhance soil health, optimize resource use, reduce chemical inputs, and improve overall farm management. Simultaneously, supporting the adoption of Sustainable Natural Rubber standards ensures that rubber production aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasizing traceability, deforestation-free supply chains, respect for labor rights, and resilience to climate change with following objectives: 1. Integrate GAP and SNR into national and subnational agricultural policies and guidelines 2. Incentivize GAP and SNR through subsidy schemes 3. Promote climate smart agriculture GHG ER=0.002 MtCO2e

34 Introduce agroforestry practices on rubber-high value timber for smallholders MAFF The measure is improving productivity, quality, and environmental stewardship within the rubber sector. Advancing GAP, farmers are empowered with knowledge and techniques that enhance soil health, optimize resource use, reduce chemical inputs, and improve overall farm management. Simultaneously, supporting the adoption of Sustainable 24 Natural Rubber standards ensures that rubber production aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasizing traceability, deforestation-free supply chains, respect for labor rights, and resilience to climate change with following objectives: 1. Integrate GAP and SNR into national and subnational agricultural policies and guidelines 2. Incentivize GAP and SNR through subsidy schemes 3. Promote climate smart agriculture

35 Introduce sustainable rubber wood harvesting MAFF Support the financial sustainability of rubber smallholders during periods of declining latex yields by enabling income generation from harvested rubber wood for timber. This provides an additional revenue stream while maintaining continuous land productivity through timely replanting. The sustainable cycle enhances carbon sequestration, reduces pressure on natural forests, and supports soil and water conservation. Economically, it diversifies income and strengthens long-term financial planning. Socially, it creates rural employment, builds community resilience, promotes stable land use, and contributes to poverty reduction

36 Sustainable Energy Shift in Rubber Processing MAFF Promotes sustainable forest management by reducing pressure on natural forests and encourages the use of renewable, locally available biomass. By creating a circular economy around rubber wood residues, it adds value to plantation byproducts and supports rural livelihoods. The shift also enhances energy security and cost stability for processing facilities, while improving the environmental profile. FOLU

37 Reduce deforestation through REDD+ Mechanism and other measures MoE, This measure supports the reduction of deforestation by implementing key actions with outlined in the National REDD+ Strategy Action and Investment Plan, the Circular Strategy MAFF (FA on Environment (2023-2028), and other relevant policies. Moreover, incentivizing and FiA) deforestation through access to markets, credit, and sustainable certification schemes (Article 6, Voluntary Carbon Standard Projects, and Results-based Payments). GHG ER= 130.74 MtCO2e

38 Transitioning to Certified and Sustainable Wood Energy and Feedstock MAFF/ FA Fuelwood is one of the key drivers of forest loss in Cambodia. This action aims to avoid with MoE, deforestation of remaining natural forests by promoting and mandating a phased MME, transition towards the use of 100% certified sustainable fuelwood for energy generation MISTI and as a feedstock in key Cambodian industrial sectors, particularly the Garment, Footwear, and Travel Goods (GFT) and brick manufacturing sectors. Development of a robust national wood certification system, strengthening the traceability of wood supply chains, and establishing regulations that progressively require industries to use certified wood. This will create viable business models for sustainable wood plantations, address international market compliance requirements (e.g., Higg FEM 4.0), mitigate reputational risks for export-oriented industries, and support their decarbonization strategies. The action will also explore Article 6 financing mechanisms to offset initial transition costs and incentivize uptake by industries. GHG ER= 7.5 MtCO2e

39 Expand forest cover through afforestation and reforestation activities(A/R) MoE/ GDLC, This measure contributes to increasing the country’s forest cover in alignment with the GDNPA, Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I. It includes, among others, through afforestation and Carbon reforestation initiatives, engaging stakeholders at all levels, community-led tree plantation Crediting in CPA and other areas, distribution of at least one million saplings annually among the Secretaria public, strengthening forest monitoring, incentivizing afforestation/reforestation through t (CCS) industrial and smallholder plantations through enhanced market access and incentives. with GHG ER= 83.06 MtCO2e MAFF / FA/FiA 25

40 Increase forest carbon stocks through assisted natural regeneration (ANR) and other MoE / forest restoration measures GDLC / GDNPA This measure includes Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) and natural forest restoration activities aimed at enhancing ecosystem resilience, restoring degraded forest landscapes, with and promoting biodiversity recovery. These efforts focus on supporting the natural MAFF / regeneration of native tree species, minimizing human disturbance, and creating FA/FiA conditions that accelerate forest ecosystem recovery in both Protected Areas and surrounding landscapes. It includes, among others, development of forest restoration plans, good practice guidelines on forest rehabilitation, strengthen forest ecosystem monitoring, improve law enforcement, interventions focused on the restoration, sustainable management of forest and other resources including blue carbon habitats, and good governance, ecosystem- based management of critical and vulnerable ecosystems which have high potential such as blue carbon are vital for millions of fishing households, community fisheries, aquatic biodiversity, and ecosystem health. GHG ER= 11.37 MtCO2e

41 Incorporate good and/or improved forest management practices to enhance forest MoE / carbon stocks as well as ecosystem integrity GDLC / GDNPA This measure includes actions to strengthen the implementation of sustainable forest for PA & management across Cambodia’s forests, aiming to ensure the long-term health, CPA productivity, and ecological function of forest ecosystems. It focuses on balancing domain conservation, sustainable use, and restoration objectives while enhancing the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities and contributing to climate resilience. with -Development of forest management plans for Protected Areas (PAs), Community Protected Areas (CPAs), Community Forests (CFs), and Community Fisheries (CFis) MAFF / - Establishment of clear demarcation and registration of forests, PAs, CPAs, CFs, and CFis FA/FiA to secure tenure and management rights for - Preparation of guidelines for forest management planning, with an emphasis on Productio reforestation and forest rehabilitation n forest, - Development and support of ecotourism and other sustainable uses of natural forests as CF, FiC, & complementary strategies for conservation and local economic development Cfi, - Incentivizing improved forest management through access to markets, credit, and Carbon sustainable certification schemes (Article 6, Voluntary Carbon Standard Projects and Crediting Results-based Payments) of community-based organizations. Secretaria t (CCS) GHG ER= 71.89 MtCO2e

42 Introduce and promote agroforestry MAFF This measure includes agroforestry actions aimed at promoting sustainable land use with practices that integrate trees with crops and/or livestock. These actions contribute to both forest conservation and rural development. It includes, among others, the following MoE / actions: GDLC / - Promotion of agroforestry systems tailored to local ecological conditions and community GDNPA needs Carbon - Integration of forest-based agroforestry model into CPA management plans Crediting - Development and dissemination of technical guidelines and training programs on Secretaria agroforestry practices t (CCS) - Introduce multi-purpose tree species (e.g., fruit, timber, fodder) for integration into farming systems; - Rubber and other horticulture-based agroforestry models GHG ER= 1.19 MtCO2e 26 Waste

43 Implement solid waste reduction strategies, and pollution control measures MoE - Applying the waste hierarchy model and promoting 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in line with Sub-decree 113 - Implementing the Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan 2021-2034; - Implementing the Cambodia Climate Change, Strategic Plan 2024 -2033 - Implementing the Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP) Action Plan and Strategy for SME and Industry 2021-2034 - Establishing an EPR scheme on specific waste types; - Implementing the Prakas No. 2196/0325 on the liabilities of exclusive manufacturers, importers or suppliers of electrical and electronic equipment concerning e-waste management, (March 2025), and - Implementing the Cambodia National Plastic Action Partnership Roadmap. GHG ER: 5.54 MtCO₂e

44 Waste collection and segregation at source (at households, schools, markets, MoE restaurants/hotels levels) with PDoE To strengthen waste collection coverage in secondary cities (to reduce open burning) and SNA notably by investing in new collection trucks (specific for organic waste); implement MSW segregation at source, with national color code and sorting guidelines; provide incentives schemes; and conduct large awareness raising campaigns and activities. This measure aims to implement a unified Waste Collection System. GHG ER: 5.37 MtCO₂e

45 Increase capacities for organic waste processing MoE To limit volumes of organic waste that are landfilled by: with - Orientating organic fraction from both MSW and agro-processing industries (especially MAFF, cassava, rubber, mango) to appropriate processing facilities using either aerobic or PDoE, anaerobic digestion; SNA - Integrating composting facilities in the design of new landfill projects and existing landfill sites (wherever it is technically possible); - Promoting decentralized solutions, including community-based and home composting, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas, to minimize transportation distances, fuel use, and air pollution GHG ER: 1.84 MtCO₂e

46 Introduce alternative SWM processing at existing landfills MoE To prolong the lifetime of existing landfill sites by implementing alternatives for the with MME treatment of mixed MSW and hazardous waste. Technologies that will be prioritized in the national context include, among others, waste-to-energy (WtE), gasification, pyrolysis, and the production of synthetic fuels like refuse derived fuel (RDF). GHG ER: 1.44 MtCO₂e

47 Landfill management MoE To strengthen the operations of controlled and sanitary landfills, while supporting the with MoE's interim strategy of establishing necessary dumpsite locations where appropriate, PDoE, with a long-term goal of transitioning from open dumpsites to sanitary waste disposal SNA. systems. GHG ER: 6.40 MtCO₂e

48 Improve textile waste management capacities MoE (1) and 1. Establish centralised textile waste collection and sorting centers in Cambodia to increase MISTI (2) the recycling rate of post-industrial textile waste (PITW). It includes having a registration process for textile waste operators (e.g. the companies managing the collection and sorting 27 centers), a standardized textile waste data submission process to MoE, and a potential auction process to manage textile waste transactions. 2. Promoting textile waste segregation and the use of sustainable packaging at factory level, by supporting factories with capacity building and tax incentives, a necessary step for the collection and sorting centers to operate efficiently. GHG ER: 0.69 MtCO₂e

49 Industrial wastewater (IWW) management MISTI Improve the management of industrial wastewater in the food & beverage (F&B), GFT and leather, and agro-processing sectors. This measure aims to address the second biggest emitter of GHG emissions under the waste sector, namely wastewater management. By properly treating the wastewater, it allows the reduction of uncontrolled anaerobic digestion and contributes to reducing the GHG emissions. It also presents the opportunity to produce biogas and reduce environmental pollution. GHG ER: 3.05 MtCO₂e 5. Adaptation Measures Adaptation remains a central component of Cambodia’s climate response, reflecting the country’s high vulnerability to climate change and the associated socio-economic and environmental impacts. As in its iNDC and Updated NDC, Cambodia continues to emphasize adaptation in NDC 3.0, driven by increasing scientific evidence of the socio-economic and environmental risks posed by climate hazards. Cambodia’s adaptation measure under NDC 3.0 outlines the strategic priorities identified to strengthen its resilience economic and vulnerable sectors constituting of Energy, Industry, Agriculture, FOLU, Human health & WASH, Infrastructure, Livelihood and ecosystems, Disaster and climate risk management, Social protection, social services and child protection, Food systems and Air quality, aligned with key national strategies, including the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP 2024-2033), the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and other sectoral development plans as well as the country’s commitments under the Paris Agreement. 5.1. Cambodia’s Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts Cambodia is recognized as one of the 65 most climate-vulnerable countries globally8. The national economy is heavily reliant on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, and tourism, rendering it highly susceptible to climate-induced hazards. The growing threats of climate change include increasing temperatures, more frequent and intense extreme weather events—such as floods and droughts—and rising sea levels. The country’s limited adaptive capacity further exacerbates its vulnerability, posing an immediate and sustained risk to national development and placing local communities at the forefront of climate-related losses and damages. With a population of more than 17 million, the country has experienced compounding challenges, including the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Projections indicate that, without substantial adaptation and 8 https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/ 28 mitigation efforts, Cambodia could face a GDP loss of approximately 9.8% by 2050 due to the adverse impacts of climate change.9 Cambodia is already experiencing significant exposure to natural hazards, with disadvantaged households facing cumulative risks. Flooding is the most prevalent and recurrent natural disaster in Cambodia. According to the INFORM Risk Index, Cambodia ranks as the fourth most flood-exposed country globally. Flash flooding, driven by extreme rainfall during tropical cyclones and the monsoon and typhoon seasons, presents a persistent threat. On average, major flood events recur every five years10. Simultaneously, the entire country is at risk of agricultural losses from meteorological drought, with a median annual probability of severe drought at approximately 4%, according to the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The southern plains are particularly vulnerable, experiencing severe drought conditions roughly every five to six years11. The regions along the Mekong River, Tonle Sap Basin, and northwest Cambodia face heightened vulnerability to climate hazards. Analysis combining climate risk and poverty data from the National Institute of Statistics (2022) shows that low-income households in these areas are disproportionately exposed to floods, droughts, and heat stress. These compounded impacts pose significant risks to agricultural livelihoods, with the poorest communities most affected by recurring climate shocks12. Sea level rise and coastal inundation will increasingly threaten Cambodia’s 17,237 km 2 of coastal zone. Sea level rise across Cambodia’s four coastal provinces is projected to increase 0.21 m by 2050 and 0.69 m by 210013. Permanent coastal inundation from one meter of sea level rise, the approximate upper probable threshold by the end of the century, would affect roughly 25,000 hectares of land in Koh Kong province14. Sea level rise would result in a loss of mangrove forests and marine ecosystems across coastal provinces, livelihood of coastal communities, salinization of agricultural land and seawater intrusion, and deleterious impacts to critical infrastructure and coastal tourism activities15. Cambodia faces significant heat stress, and cities suffer from urban heat island effect, facing higher temperatures due to the built environment. The country experiences 64 days per year on average with temperatures exceeding 35°C, placing it among the top 23 countries with extreme heat exposure. This poses serious health and economic risks, particularly for outdoor workers, manufacturing employees, and vulnerable populations16. To address these climate-related risks, Cambodia has strengthened its adaptation efforts through increased investments and the implementation of targeted policies and strategies. Key measures include the promotion of climate-resilient and sustainable agricultural practices, investment in renewable energy development, and the enhancement of disaster risk management systems and climate-resilient infrastructure17. 9 NCSD and MEF (2019). Addressing climate change Impacts on Economic Growth in Cambodia 10 The World Bank Group, 2023. Cambodia Country Climate and Development Report 11 The World Bank Group, 2024. Climate Risk Country Profile: Cambodia 12 The World Bank Group, 2023. Cambodia Country Climate and Development Report. 13 NASA (2023). Sea Level Projection Tool. URL:https://sealevel.nasa.gov/ipcc-ar6-sea-level-projection-tool; note the figures inside parentheses represent 17th and 83rd percentiles, respectively. 14 MoE (2015).Second National Communication to UNFCCC https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/khmnc2.pdf 15 The World Bank Group, 2024. Climate Risk Country Profile: Cambodia 16 The World Bank Group, 2023. Cambodia Country Climate and Development Report 17 Setyowati, A.B., Pichon, F., Khan, S., 2023. Social Dimensions of Climate Change in Cambodia Background Paper - Cambodia Country Climate and Development Report. 29 5.2. Adaptation Measures The Energy sector is boosting climate resilience by reinforcing 100% of high-risk assets by 2035, aiming to halve climate-related outages. By 2030, 80% of high-priority infrastructure will be strengthened to improve grid resilience. Additionally, the sector targets a ≤30-minute response time for 90% of warnings by 2035, supported by personnel training. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 strategy also includes heat stress adaptation measures for industrial workers, recognizing heat as a significant climate hazard in the workplace. Cambodia’s Agriculture adaptation strategy aims to build resilience across crops, livestock, and aquaculture by 2035. Key targets include developing climate-resilient crop varieties, with 2,000 conserved annually and 20% of farmland adopting high-yield resilient types. Climate- smart practices will cover 20% of agricultural land, and 30% will be diversified with high- value, climate-resilient crops. Aquatic ecosystems will see over 96,000 hectares restored, while aquaculture will benefit from improved native species and strengthened management of 344 Community Fishery Reserves. For livestock, climate-related losses will be kept under 5%, with 53,000 cattle born via artificial insemination and 22,000 hectares under smart fodder management. The strategy also promotes solar irrigation, improved post-harvest systems, and expanded digital climate services, aiming to reach 600,000 farmers and enhance national food security and climate resilience. On FOLU, improved forest management practices, such as integrated landscape management and sustainable forestry, are essential for enhancing forest resilience and adapting to climate change. Conservation efforts focus on protecting High Conservation Value areas within production forests, which support biodiversity, watershed management, and recreation. Additionally, restoring degraded forest ecosystems offers significant potential for climate adaptation and ecological recovery. The Health sector aims to strengthen climate resilience by improving early warning systems, surveillance, and healthcare infrastructure. Key goals include training 21,000 healthcare workers, upgrading 100 health facilities for climate resilience, and maintaining surveillance at 15 sentinel sites. It also targets gender mainstreaming in 10 provinces and emphasizes support for vulnerable groups like children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. The WASH sector is strengthening climate resilience by conducting climate risk assessments and implementing an inclusive climate-resilient response framework across 25 provinces. Efforts include integrating climate risk into the planning, design, and management of piped water supply systems, especially in areas vulnerable to floods, droughts, and rising temperatures. The strategy emphasizes inclusive, pro-poor approaches to ensure vulnerable communities, women, and children benefit from climate-resilient and low-carbon WASH services. Urban sewage and fecal sludge management (FSM) systems will be expanded by 30% and a national FSM monitoring system will be developed with climate-resilient indicators to support inclusive, pro-poor service delivery. The Infrastructure sector is advancing climate resilience through housing, urban planning, and building standards. By 2035, 4,000 climate-resilient houses—100 of them in coastal areas—will be built for low-income households, and resilient design will be integrated into the national building permit system. To address urban heat, a green space development toolkit will be introduced by 2028, with pilot projects in two cities. By 2035, half of small city development proposals will be guided by this toolkit. Meanwhile, a new building code and green building certification system will promote sustainable construction. Starting with 30 voluntary standards in 2026, the program aims to certify 500 buildings by 2035, with 5% of new buildings adopting green standards and 5% of public and commercial buildings retrofitted by 2030. By 2030, 12,000 km of rural roads will be rehabilitated with climate- resilient designs, and, by 2035, 5,000 km will meet climate-proofing standards with 300 km of new national roads will be built to withstand climate impacts and 15% featuring green belts. By 2026, school resilience guidelines will be in place and, by 2035, 1,000 new schools will be constructed and 200 retrofitted to withstand climate impacts. By 2035, 20 Climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres will be established, following updated guidelines by 2028 and supported by 25 training sessions. At the sub-national level, climate resilience will be integrated into development planning. By 2030, at least one climate risk and vulnerability assessment will be conducted, and by 2035, 10 cities will incorporate this data into their plans. In addition, 70 district administrations will implement climate-proof infrastructure projects for construction, repair, and rehabilitation by 2035. The Livelihood and ecosystems sector consist of the five sub sectors — biodiversity, protected areas, coastal areas, tourism, and cultural heritage. Central to the enhancement of biodiversity resilience is the alignment with Cambodia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). By 2035, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 foresees the operationalization of a biodiversity tracking tool, the update of all 23 NBSAP targets, and the integration of biodiversity data into the Cambodia Environment Management Information System (CEMIS). The strategy also strengthens the use of traditional knowledge in conservation, with

300 Indigenous households actively involved in ecosystem management and climate adaptation. Efforts include engaging 100 indigenous communities in conservation, conducting climate vulnerability assessments in all protected areas, and expanding marine spatial planning. The strategy also promotes climate-resilient ecotourism, with 20 community sites supported and 10 coastal administrations integrating nature-based solutions. Public-private partnerships will be strengthened to support ecosystem services, while environmentally friendly tourism practices will be encouraged through guidelines and green certifications. The cultural heritage component focuses on enhancing the resilience of heritage sites to climate change. By 2035, the plan targets the restoration and adaptive management of 136 sites, including Koh Ker, Angkor, and Sambor Prei Kuk. It promotes the integration of traditional and Indigenous water management systems into 13 water schemes. Additionally, 76,250 trees will be planted, and 3,040 hectares restored around heritage Koh Ker, Preah Vihear, Angkor and Sambor Prei Kuk areas. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 strategy on Disaster and climate risk management, aims to strengthen early warning systems through inclusive, digital, and impact-based forecasting under the Early Warnings for All (EW4ALL) initiative. It targets connecting 1.2 million poor households. Disaster preparedness will be enhanced by integrating anticipatory action, inclusive planning, and securing financing. A national contingency plan for drought and heat will be developed, and Commune Development and Investment Plans will incorporate inclusive disaster risk measures. To support evidence-based decisions, updated multi- disaster risk assessments will be developed, identifying vulnerable communities and strengthening national and local response capacities. By 2035, Cambodia will establish a nationwide automated meteorological and hydrological monitoring network to enhance weather forecasting and early warning systems, which includes installing 50 meteorological stations, more than 90 automated hydrological stations, and 410 groundwater stations to achieve full national coverage. An integrated data service platform will provide real-time access to support climate resilience and sustainable water management. 31 The Social protection sector aims to help communities manage climate risks and shocks and to strengthen the adaptive capacity of poor, vulnerable, and at-risk populations through targeted, inclusive, and climate-responsive systems. By 2035, Cambodia aims to enhance routine social protection programs and service delivery, targeting 95% coverage of IDPoor households under the Family Package, engaging over 1,114 schools under the Home-Grown School Feeding program, and enrolling 80% of the population in social health protection. Shock-responsive social protection will be strengthened through operational guidelines, climate hazard risk assessments, and impact-based triggers. Interoperable databases and sub-national training in high-risk areas will build institutional capacity for climate-related adaptation. To ensure a just and inclusive transition, social protection will extend to those affected by climate change through the National Graduation-Based Social Protection Program and a referral mechanism for Family Package beneficiaries. Feasibility studies will support new programs like Cash-for-Work, unemployment-related support, and climate- sensitive housing assistance for poor and vulnerable populations, including those in informal settlements exposed to climate hazards. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 strategy includes expanding Specialized Social Services and reinforcing the climate resilience of all rehabilitation centers, residential care institutions and communities. Child protection, adopting a system strengthening approach, is integrated into climate adaptation through training, policy development, evidence generation, service delivery and prevention services. By 2035, 379 social service workers will be equipped, engaged, and supported, in climate resilience programming, and a climate-responsive child protection case management system, informed by climate markers, will be operational. Efforts also include embedding child protection in climate policies, with 5,000 children receiving services in the context of climate-linked migration and trafficking and mitigate vulnerabilities of children to child protection issues or harmful practice like child marriage. All these efforts are to ensure the resilience of the child protection system, services, and the social service workforce, to contribute to the positive outcome for all children, communities and families. For Food systems, the NDC 3.0 promotes healthier, more sustainable diets by improving access to nutritious food, regulating unhealthy products, and linking nutrition with social protection programs. It also aims to reduce food loss and waste through research, policy development, and pilot projects that encourage reuse and value addition across the food chain. Improving Air Quality (AQ) monitoring is essential for protecting public health, informing policy, and raising awareness, and its consideration in the NDC helps link climate action with public health, enabling co-benefits from emissions reductions and improved local air quality. By 2035, Cambodia will expand its monitoring network to 28 stations, upgrade the AQ app, and modernize the existing centralized data center. A platform to collect emissions data from factories will be in place by 2027, with 100% of cement and coal plants and 80% of garment factories equipped with emission controls by 2035. Air quality will also be monitored at five major construction sites. 32 Table 8: List of adaptation measures, with description and Line Ministries involved # Title of the Measures and Descriptions LMs Energy

1 Enhance Climate-Proof Energy Infrastructure MME This measure strengthens Cambodia's energy resilience through three key actions: With EAC, conducting climate risk assessments for all energy infrastructure to guide adaptation EDC investments; hardening infrastructure by retrofitting transmission lines with heat- resistant materials, elevating flood-prone substations, and installing cooling systems; and implementing innovative hybrid systems like floating solar-pumped storage to optimize water-energy use during droughts while boosting renewable capacity. Together, these approaches enhance climate-proofing of critical energy assets while supporting Cambodia's NDC commitments.

2 Strengthen Grid Resilience & Monitoring MME This measure enhances Cambodia's electricity network against climate threats through with EAC, three integrated actions: EDC 1. physically reinforcing transmission infrastructure with flood-resistant substations, storm-proof towers, and heat-tolerant conductors; 2. implementing smart monitoring systems using IoT sensors and AI analytics to detect and respond to weather-induced faults in real time; 3. updating grid design standards using climate projections to ensure long-term resilience. The initiative combines immediate infrastructure upgrades with predictive technologies and forward-looking regulations, reducing outage risks while improving recovery speeds—critical for maintaining energy security under increasing climate extremes.

3 Enhance Preparedness & Capacity Building in the Energy sector MME This measure strengthens Cambodia's energy resilience through three approaches: (1) Operational Resilience by deploying early warning systems, standardizing emergency protocols, and maintaining repair stockpiles; (2) Workforce Development via climate- adaptive design certifications, field training on flood/heat-proofing, and annual disaster drills; and (3) Strategic Planning through climate stress-tests for new projects, drought contingency plans for hydropower, and dynamic risk mapping for infrastructure upgrades. Together, these actions enhance preparedness against climate disruptions while aligning with Cambodia's NDC goals. Industry/IPPU

4 Implement Heat Stress Adaptation Measures for Industrial Workers MISTI Implement comprehensive heat stress adaptation in industries using integrated with MLVT prevention and alleviation strategies. Prevention: - Improve working conditions with better ventilation, lower humidity & breathable uniforms. - Implement engineering solutions like passive cooling, insulation, cool roofs, optimized ventilation, and solar-powered cooling. - Promote individual practices such as increased water intake and appropriate attire. Alleviation (Organizational & Support): -Conduct awareness campaigns and training on heat stress -Ensure access to cool drinking water and designated rest areas (shade or air- conditioned). -Adjust work-rest cycles based on heat. Agriculture

5 Develop climate resilient crop varieties well suited to market demand MAFF Strengthen research, development, and commercialization efforts to support the creation and deployment of climate-resilient crop varieties in Cambodia. This includes accelerating research and breeding cycles, enhancing collaboration between research 33 institutions and the private sector, and improving the scaling-up of new varieties through well-functioning seed value chains. Key activities involve strengthening the capacity of seed multipliers, increasing farmer awareness and adoption, and ensuring that high- quality, resilient seeds are accessible and available at scale to support sustainable agricultural transformation. The main objectives indicated in following: 1. Support for certified seed production and community-based seed banks. 2. Mechanisms for seed distribution, quality assurance, and public-private partnerships in seed delivery.

6 Increase climate smart practices and technologies on crop production MAFF This package includes actions to address current impacts of climate variability and extremes, as well as to ensure resilience to future change, including demonstration, financing and incentives. This will include evaluation and scaling up of current pilots. Includes climate smart extension services, with farmer support and extension services (Modern Agriculture Cooperative), enhance capacity for Integrated Pest Management and also backward linkages in supply chains. Includes Integrated pest and disease management/monitoring and surveillance.

7 Improve Diversification through the production of Climate-Resilient High-Value MAFF Crops Support the diversification of agricultural systems by promoting the cultivation of high- value, climate-resilient crops that are better adapted to changing weather patterns and market demands. This climate action enhances farmers’ income stability, reduces climate-related risks, and supports the transition to sustainable, low-emission agricultural practices. Priority interventions include identifying locally suitable crop varieties, strengthening value chains, and improving access to climate information, inputs, and markets. The objectives are in following: 1. Support for certified production and public-private partnerships for modern agricultural associations. 2. Input subsidies, tax relief for CSA equipment 3. Climate-resilient input credit, risk insurance schemes, and blended finance from public-private partnerships. 4. Improving access to climate finance and markets for diversified producers.

8 Increase restoration, Management and Conservation of mangroves, flooded forests, MAFF and aquatic habitats The intervention includes restoration and sustainable protection and management and good governance in both critical marine and inland water habitats, mangrove, seagrass, coral reef and flooded forests, where are a significant consideration for millions of households of fishing community/community fisheries members, fisheries resources and biodiversity, healthy ecosystem and effective resilience to climate change. The measure aims to increase restoration, management, and conservation of mangroves, flooded forests, coral reefs, and seagrass involves robust policies, community-driven co- management, climate-smart strategies, infrastructure investment, and advanced monitoring.

9 Strengthen Climate-Smart Aquaculture and Enhance aquatic Rice-Field Biodiversity MAFF Resilience Enabling climate-smart aquaculture and rice-field aquatic biodiversity resilience involves robust policies, financial and infrastructural support, capacity building, community-driven cooperatives, and climate monitoring. These actions, embedded in the SPF 2025–2033, ensure resilient aquatic food systems by strengthening pond-based fish production and enhancing rice-field ecosystems through biodiversity that align with adaptive water management and climate mitigation practices, addressing challenges like water scarcity and extreme weather.

10 Improve Good Aquaculture Practices (GAqP) MAFF Encourage aquaculture producers to comply with technical requirement and regulation in order to ensure environmental health, Sustainability, Safety product for consumers and possibility for export market. 34 Building capacity of adaption and mitigation to Aquaculture-related actors , including women and youth group at the ground where they inhabitant is a very important intervention to effective protection and conservation of fisheries resources, biodiversity and habitat. The capacity building focus on climate-resilient techniques, such as improved fish farming methods to cope with changing water availability and quality.

11 Increase awareness of disaster crises (flood, drought heat stress, disease outbreak) in MAFF animal production and develop readiness to respond to hazards This measure aims to enhance awareness and preparedness among livestock producers and relevant stakeholders regarding disaster risks such as floods, droughts, heat stress, and disease outbreaks. It involves capacity building through early warning systems, risk communication strategies, and training on climate-related hazards affecting animal production. By promoting knowledge sharing and response planning, the initiative seeks to minimize livestock losses, protect livelihoods, and build resilience within the sector. Collaboration with veterinary services, extension officers, and community-based networks ensures timely dissemination of information and effective emergency response mechanisms tailored to local contexts and vulnerabilities.

12 Enhance Research and Development of Climate-Resilient Livestock Breeds MAFF The measure aims to increase adaptive capacity and resilient to climate stressors, such as heat, drought, and disease. Enhancing genetic traits for adaptability and productivity will help livestock producers maintain performance under changing climate conditions, while also contributing to resource efficiency, food security, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This climate action is essential for building a more sustainable and resilient livestock production system.

13 Improve Climate-Smart Fodder Management and production MAFF Enhance fodder management practices to improve livestock nutrition, increase farm productivity, and build climate resilience. This includes promoting drought-tolerant forage species, optimizing harvesting and storage techniques, and integrating agroforestry and rotational grazing systems. Improved fodder management reduces pressure on natural grazing lands, enhances carbon sequestration, and contributes to lower methane emissions—supporting the transition to climate-smart livestock systems.

14 Increase climate resilient processing, storage and logistic for agri-food system MAFF Enhance the resilience of Cambodia’s agri-food system by investing in climate-resilient processing, storage, and logistics infrastructure. This includes promoting energy- efficient and low-emission technologies for food processing, establishing climate-proof storage facilities to reduce post-harvest losses, and strengthening supply chain logistics to ensure the uninterrupted flow of goods during climate shocks and extreme weather events. These efforts will contribute to greater food security, reduced emissions, and increased adaptive capacity of producers and agribusinesses.

15 Enhance Climate Services, Including Digital Solutions and early warning system MAFF Strengthen the provision of weather and climate services, with a focus on integrating digital technologies to support climate-informed decision-making in agriculture and rural development. This includes expanding access to real or near-time weather forecasts, seasonal climate outlooks, and early warning systems through digital platforms such as mobile applications, SMS alerts, and online advisory systems (monitoring, forecasting, communication, uptake and use). Enhanced climate services will improve risk preparedness, support climate-resilient farming practices, and enable timely responses to climate hazards across vulnerable farming communities The measure aims to: 1. Develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the production and dissemination of agrometeorological advisory services and data sharing needs and architecture in close collaboration with the MoWRAM. 2. Develop MAFF capacities for data processing and translate weather and climate data into specific advisory services for agricultural applications. 3. Develop and disseminate tailored agrometeorological advisory services. Providing free access to this information so that private digital service providers can use this. 35

16 Scaling up solar irrigation to improve climate-resilient agriculture practices, enhance MoWRAM, water efficiency and mitigation potentials with MAFF This measure foresees a 40% increase in solar irrigation adoption in target areas by 2035 using the survey on current status of solar irrigation systems in Cambodia as a baseline and contribute to improved livelihoods for smallholder farmers and reduced energy costs. FOLU

17 Improved forest management practices, such as integrated landscape management MoE and sustainable forestry practices with Improved forest management practices, including integrated landscape management MAFF and sustainable forestry practices, are crucial for long-term forest health and resilience, particularly in the face of climate change. These practices involve adapting management strategies to changing conditions, ensuring the ecological, social, and economic benefits of forests are maintained.

18 Forest Ecosystem adaptation and resilience through protection of the existing forest MAFF and biodiversity ecosystem: Conservation Forest ecosystem and forest biodiversity in the production forest area. with MoE High Conservation Value (HCV) areas located within production forest zones under the jurisdiction of MAFF/FA represent significant potential for forest and biodiversity conservation, contributing to climate adaptation efforts. These HCV areas include watershed management zones, tree seed conservation areas, biodiversity protection habitats, and forest recreation sites, all managed under the authority of MAFF/FA.

19 Forest Ecosystem adaptation and resilience through restoring of the degraded forest MAFF and biodiversity ecosystem: Restore forest ecosystem and biodiversity conservation in watershed management with area, forest recreation, MAFF/FA managed forest, ecosystem conservation, and MoE climate change adaptation. Degraded forest ecosystems under the jurisdiction of MAFF/FA hold significant potential for ecological restoration, offering opportunities to transform these areas into landscapes that contribute meaningfully to climate change adaptation and environmental resilience. Human health and WASH

20 Enable effective decision-making for health interventions by developing a health MoH national adaptation plan, improving surveillance and early- warning systems focused on climate-related health vulnerabilities among children and other highly impacted groups 1.Update NSP for Disaster Risk Management for Health and National Climate Change Action Plan for Public Health to reduce the risks and impacts of severe weather or emergency events (e.g., floods, drought, heatwave) at facility and community levels. 2.Enhance Dengue Sentinel Surveillance through lab maintenance, sample shipment processes, and staff support. 3.Digitalize and integrate dengue and other vector-borne diseases, and climate data into existing Dengue and Malaria Information Systems for early warning and decision- making for outbreaks/re-emergences of vector-borne diseases. 4.Strengthen early warning and risk assessment by integrating multi-sectoral and multi- source surveillance data through a dedicated platform at national and sub-national levels.

21 Enhance multi-sectoral coordination mechanisms to adapt and implement Climate MoH Resilient and Environmentally Sustainable Health Care Facilities, including WASH, considering the needs of vulnerable groups (e.g., children, pregnant women, elderly, migrants, and persons with disabilities). 1. Update Technical Guidelines for HC Waste Management and National Guidelines for WASH in Health Care facilities. 36 2. Develop and implement a training package on environmental and health risks considering climate-resilience and environmental sustainability for promoting action. 3. M&E of Gender Mainstreaming Working Group at Sub National level on climate change adaptation in the health sector. 4. Conduct a WASH-FIT assessment for Healthcare Facilities and begin appropriate upgrades to healthcare facilities and/or WASH facilities within healthcare settings, for climate resilience.

22 Conduct climate risk assessments, develop a climate-resilient and inclusive WASH MRD response framework, and monitoring and evaluation to strengthen climate risk- informed programming across 25 provinces - Assessment of the climate risks affecting WASH services at the provincial level, and identification and prioritization of climate resilient WASH solutions using the UNICEF- GWP strategic framework for WASH climate resilience - Development of the provincial climate resilient and inclusive WASH framework, costed provincial action plan. - Monitor the implementation of the response framework through the MIS system.

23 Operationalize the implementation of the climate resilient and inclusive WASH MRD response framework for climate-resilient, low-carbon, and inclusive WASH This measure promotes climate and WASH awareness among rural populations, especially vulnerable groups like women, children, and youth. It builds community capacity to understand climate-WASH-health links and encourages preventive behaviors to reduce related health risks: - Develop a community outreach strategy on climate impacts, WASH, and health - Create child- and youth-friendly materials to build early awareness and empower action - Conduct school and community campaigns on climate-WASH-health impacts and prevention measures

24 Streamline climate risk assessments and the implementation of climate resilient MISTI measures for piped water supply infrastructures and services, particularly in climate risk prone areas and promoting inclusive and pro-poor approaches for vulnerable communities, women and children. This measure aims to integrate climate risk considerations into the planning, design, and management of piped water supply systems, especially in areas highly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as floods, droughts, and rising temperatures. The focus will be on: - Conducting climate risk assessments for piped water systems to identify vulnerabilities and inform adaptation options. - Implementing climate-resilient measures such as flood-proofing, drought-resilient water sources, energy-efficient pumping systems. - Ensuring pro-poor and inclusive service delivery by prioritizing access for vulnerable groups, particularly women, children, and low-income communities. - Capacity strengthening of service providers and sub-national authorities to integrate climate resilience into water supply planning and operations.

25 Promote and de-risk investments and climate financing for climate-resilient and low MISTI carbon water supply infrastructures and systems This measure aims to mobilize and scale up climate financing and investment—both public and private—for piped water supply infrastructure that is climate-resilient, low- carbon, and inclusive. It will: - Develop enabling policies, financing instruments, and incentives to attract private sector participation in climate-resilient water supply. - Promote blended finance models that combine public, private, and international climate funds to reduce financial risks. - Facilitate technical assistance and capacity building for service providers to develop bankable, climate-aligned water projects. - Ensure investments benefit vulnerable communities, promoting equitable access and gender-responsive design. 37

26 Update the national piped water data monitoring system with inclusion of climate MISTI resilient aspects to assess vulnerabilities, track progress, and ensure targeted interventions for the communities (with particular attention for women and children) living in climate disaster prone areas. This measure will enhance the national piped water data monitoring system by integrating climate resilience indicators to enable more effective and equitable decision- making. It focuses on: - Capturing climate vulnerability data related to piped water infrastructure and service disruptions in disaster-prone areas. - Monitoring access and resilience gaps, especially among vulnerable groups such as women, children, and poor households. - Enabling data-driven planning and adaptation investments based on real-time information and climate risk analysis. - Ensuring accountability and transparency in climate-resilient WASH service delivery.

27 Expand sewage and Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) systems coverage area in urban MPWT areas to reduce GHG and prevent contaminations during extreme weather events promoting pro-poor services for vulnerable groups, including women and children This measure aims to expand climate-resilient sewage and faecal sludge management (FSM) systems by at least 30% by 2035 in Cambodia’s urban areas. It will: - Reduce GHG emissions from unmanaged human waste - Prevent wastewater overflows and contamination during floods and extreme weather - Provide pro-poor, gender-sensitive sanitation services for vulnerable groups, especially women, children, and low-income households - Improve urban public health, environmental quality, and resilience through safely managed, inclusive sanitation systems.

28 Establish a national sewage and FSM data monitoring system with inclusion of climate MPWT resilient indicators This measure focuses on the creation and operationalization of a national data monitoring system for urban sewage and FSM services, embedded with climate resilience indicators to: - Assess service coverage, infrastructure condition, and vulnerabilities to climate risks. - Track progress on the implementation of climate-resilient urban sanitation measures. - Enable data-driven planning and targeted interventions in disaster-prone and underserved areas, with special attention to women, children, and low-income communities. - Strengthen coordination, transparency, and governance in urban sanitation sector management. Infrastructure

29 Design and build guidance for climate-resilient houses and buildings for low-income MLMUPC households This intervention aims to design and construct affordable housing and buildings specifically designed to withstand the adverse effects of climate change, such as floods, storms and extreme heat. The goal is to provide safe, durable, and energy-efficient homes for low-income households, reducing their vulnerability while promoting long- term resilience and improved living standards. The final output of this measure will be standardised and applied country-wide based on the disaster contexts in the areas.

30 Prepare the modality of green spaces for urban planning or new sub-cities to address MLMUPC the vulnerability of urbanisation This initiative involves the development of a green space development toolkit, which will integrate green spaces into urban planning to enhance resilience against climate change, reduce environmental degradation, and improve the quality of life. This includes creating parks, green corridors, and sustainable landscapes that support biodiversity,

31 Develop a building code that mainstreams climate resilience into building designs and MLMUPC building/housing construction This initiative establishes and enforces building codes that integrate climate resilience by 38 incorporating sustainable materials, energy efficiency, disaster-resistant designs, and adaptive construction techniques. This ensures that buildings and housing are better prepared for climate-related risks, such as extreme weather, floods, and heatwaves, enhancing safety and long-term sustainability.

32 Promote the implementation of a Green Building Certificate MLMUPC This measure aims to encourage the adoption of standardised Green Building Certification systems to recognise and incentivise environmentally responsible construction practices. This includes promoting energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable materials, and indoor environmental quality in building projects, reducing environmental impact and enhancing climate resilience.

33 Rural road rehabilitation and improvement for climate change resilience MRD This intervention aims to enhance the durability and accessibility of rural road infrastructure by integrating climate-resilient design and construction practices. The initiative reduces vulnerability to climate-related hazards such as flooding and erosion by rehabilitating and improving key rural road networks

34 Repair and rehabilitate existing road infrastructure, ensuring climate-resilient MPWT designs, and establish effective operation and maintenance systems that consider the impacts of climate change This initiative focuses on restoring and upgrading existing road infrastructure by incorporating climate-resilient design standards that address the risks posed by climate change, including flooding and erosion. It also involves establishing robust operation and maintenance systems to ensure long-term functionality and resilience. By enhancing structural integrity and promoting adaptive maintenance practices, the program ensures safer, more reliable transportation networks that support economic activity and disaster risk reduction in a changing climate.

35 New national road construction with climate-resilient designs to withstand the MPWT impacts of climate change This initiative focuses on designing and constructing the new national road infrastructure using climate-resilient approaches that anticipate and withstand the impacts of climate change. This includes incorporating durable materials, advanced drainage systems, elevated roadbeds, and green belts to enhance long-term sustainability and reduce maintenance costs. The aim is to ensure road networks remain safe, functional, and cost-effective despite changing environmental conditions.

36 Develop and expand resilient school infrastructure by constructing new buildings and MoEYS facilities, retrofitting existing structures, and designing climate-resilient infrastructure tailored to geographic and demographic needs This involves constructing new school buildings and facilities to meet climate-resilient standards. It also includes retrofitting and upgrading existing structures to withstand natural disasters such as floods. The infrastructure should be climate-resilient, incorporating sustainable materials and adaptable designs tailored to each location's geographic and demographic characteristics. The goal is to ensure safe, inclusive, and long-lasting student learning environments.

37 Construct climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres with integrated NCDM climate and inclusive disaster-resilient design in disaster-prone areas This involves the construction of Climate and Disaster Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres, which focus on building secure, durable facilities in disaster-prone areas that can serve as shelters during emergencies. These centres are designed with integrated climate and disaster-resilient features, including elevated structures, reinforced materials, sustainable energy sources, and water and sanitation systems. Beyond immediate safety, they provide dignified, accessible spaces that support and address varied needs of vulnerable populations—especially women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities—during crises. These centres also serve as community hubs for preparedness training and risk reduction education, enhancing long-term resilience and adaptive capacity. 39

38 Enhancing climate-resilient cities at the sub-national level by conducting climate NCDD vulnerability and impact assessments to integrate climate resilience strategies into sub-national development plans with MLMUPC This initiative focuses on strengthening urban resilience by conducting detailed climate vulnerability and impact assessments with GEDSI within cities at the sub-national level. The findings from the assessment will inform the integration of climate resilience strategies into sub-national development plans. By aligning sub-national development plans with climate risk data, this approach enables cities to proactively address current and future climate challenges, ensuring sustainable, inclusive, and adaptive urban growth.

39 Strengthen climate proof infrastructure for supporting local economy and NCDDs development It will focus on providing technical support and mobilizing fund for sub-national administrations’ infrastructure projects that are climate proof.

40 Rehabilitate and construct the irrigation infrastructure to enhance water efficiency MoWRAM and manage floodwater This includes repairing canals, reinforcing embankments, and building new flood drainage channels that serve both irrigation and flood mitigation functions. Properly designed irrigation systems act as flood buffers, helping to divert or retain excess rainwater during peak monsoon periods. Livelihood and ecosystems

41 Enhance biodiversity resilience targets in line with Cambodia’s NBSAP MoE Enhance biodiversity resilience targets as highlighted in Cambodia’s National with MAFF Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) by identifying, prioritizing, and implementing actions for species and ecosystems in order to strengthen adaptive capacity, support species diversity, improve ecological connectivity, and contribute to community well-being.

42 Conduct gap assessments and develop policy and framework instruments on MoE biodiversity Conduct gap assessments and develop policy instruments to integrate climate change considerations into biodiversity policies and sub-national development planning, including species-specific conservation guidelines and commune-level biodiversity actions to enhance ecosystem resilience and ensure alignment with policies and commitments on rights of Indigenous Peoples.

43 Establish and strengthen national biodiversity monitoring and assessment systems MoE reflecting ecosystem and livelihood resilience Establish and strengthen national biodiversity monitoring and assessment systems reflecting ecosystem and livelihood resilience by developing and improving data collection tools (including community-based mobile application), formalizing institutional arrangement for integration into CEMIS with clear institutional roles, and ensuring the use of locally collected data to support inclusive planning and sustainable management of natural resources.

44 Operationalize and make biodiversity monitoring and assessment data publicly MoE available in CEMIS with MAFF Operationalize biodiversity monitoring and assessment within CEMIS by providing access to data and sharing analyses and reports on biodiversity status, so that the public is informed about ecosystem conditions, climate risks, and contributions to community well-being in line with NBSAP targets.

45 Improve and/or enhance Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) MoE customary practices and knowledge for climate-driven conservation and restoration initiatives with MAFF Improve and/or enhance IPLC customary practices and knowledge for climate-driven MoT conservation and restoration initiatives and assure adequate IPLC participation to restore MRD 40 degraded areas, safeguard biodiversity, and maintain access to natural resources that support resilient livelihood and ecosystem health.

46 Identify zones within Protected Areas (PAs) that are threatened by climate risks and MoE increase their resilience Identify zones within PAs that are threatened by climate risks and increase their resilience by demarcating zones crucial for ecosystems and community livelihoods and ensuring their intactness, it is possible to effectively maintain biodiversity, habitats, and ecosystems as well as livelihoods for IPLC in the concerned areas.

47 Develop M&E framework for assessing climate impacts in PAs MoE Develop and implement protected area-specific M&E frameworks to assess climate impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the livelihoods of local communities in order to inform adaptive conservation strategies and strengthen climate resilience.

48 Strengthen Private-Public Partnerships (PPP) to promote and operationalise Payment MoE for Ecosystem Services (PES) in PAs Strengthen Private-Public Partnerships (PPP) to promote and operationalise Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in PAs contributing to resource mobilization to support biodiversity conservation and improving IPLC’s livelihood.

49 Develop and implement integrated marine spatial planning MoE Develop and implement integrated Marine Spatial Planning (IMSP) at national, with provincial and community level to conserve, restore, and sustainably manage coastal MAFF and marine ecosystems (e.g., mangrove forests, seagrasses, coral reefs and oysters) MLMUPC ensuring ecosystem functionality, enhancing community resilience to climate change, and supporting sustainable livelihood opportunities.

50 Expand, establish and improve the management of coastal and marine protected areas MoE Increase the coverage and improve the management of coastal and marine protected with areas by applying ecosystem-based approaches that conserve biodiversity, restore MAFF critical habitats and ensure sustainable access to marine resources for local MLMUPC communities. These actions include recognizing and supporting Other Effective area- based Conservation Measures (OECMs), enhancing enforcement, and enabling communities to benefit from ecologically intact and well-managed ecosystems that sustain livelihoods, ecosystem services, and coastal resilience in line with national and international conservation targets.

51 Register and increase climate resilience in ecotourism and community-based MoT ecotourism sites with Support community’s livelihood by promoting official registration of Community-Based MoE Ecotourism (CBET) with capacity building to these local communities, including MAFF indigenous people and women, on climate resilience/climate change adaptation.

52 Strengthen community livelihood in Protected Areas (PAs), Community Forestry (CF) MoT and Community Fisheries (CFi) through ecotourism with Strengthen community livelihood in PAs, CF and CFi through ecotourism by MoE strengthening the community capacity on developing, and implementing CBET Management Plans that include fair benefit sharing mechanisms, infrastructure development, business plans, and risk/climate change adaptation management plan. These efforts contribute to supporting local communities to expand climate-resilient livelihoods and strengthen adaptive capacity, especially in vulnerable rural areas and coastal areas. This includes the increase of sustainable practices as for example Nature- based Solutions.

53 Promote environmentally friendly practices in the tourism sector, engaging MoT stakeholders (private sector and tourism association) Promote environmentally friendly practices in the tourism sector and stakeholder (private sector and tourism association) through tree-planting campaigns, solar-powered tourism facilities, and community-based waste segregation, no single plastic use or 41 promote alternative use of plastics and recycling initiatives, to enhance climate resilience and support sustainable tourism development.

54 Enhance the Resilience of natural and cultural heritage to climate change MCFA Enhance the Resilience of natural and cultural heritage to climate change by restoring, with protecting, and applying adaptive management of ancient structural, natural and MoT, MoE, cultural landscapes exposed to climate-related hazards. MAFF, MoWRAM

55 Promote water management resilience by integrating traditional and Indigenous MCFA water management systems with MoE, Promote water management resilience by integrating traditional and Indigenous water MAFF, management systems, such as Angkor-era hydraulic engineering and community-based MoWRAM and Indigenous practices, into modern planning to enhance sustainable use, flood and drought adaptation, and climate-resilient infrastructure.

56 Strengthen the conservation and development of application of traditional knowledge MCFA Strengthen the conservation and development of application of traditional knowledge by with indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) most affected by climate change MAFF, including their language, cultural practices, subsistence farming and landscape MoWRAM protection approaches to support biodiversity conservation, ecosystem resilience, and sustainable livelihoods.

57 Increase forest restoration areas at cultural heritage sites MCFA Increase forest restoration areas at cultural heritage sites through the “1 tourist 1 tree” with MoE approach to reduce the temperature and noise pollution in temples and other heritage and MoT sites. Disaster and climate risk management

58 Improve early warning systems by ensuring inclusive dissemination and integrating NCDM digital platforms with impact-based forecasting under the Early Warning for All (EW4ALL) initiative. with MOP, GS- The intervention aims to expand coverage to poor households and vulnerable groups NSPC, including rural communities, women, persons with disabilities, and marginalized MOWRAM populations. Automated data sharing across key platforms will improve access, focusing on women and at-risk groups. A Common Alert Protocol (CAP) will be adopted nationally to standardize alerts. The programme will also build knowledge and trust among vulnerable communities to act on warnings and develop accessible, user-friendly communication materials to strengthen disaster awareness and response.

59 Strengthen disaster preparedness and resilience by integrating anticipatory action NCDM (AA), securing appropriate financing, and enhancing local and community capacities. with This includes adopting AA plan for priority hazards to boost community resilience, MOWRAM, linking social protection programs to improve shock responsiveness, and exploring MPTC, disaster risk financing. MOE, GS- NSPC, The intervention also builds local capacity through updated multi-sectoral contingency NBFSA/ plans for floods, droughts, storms, and develops a heatwave action plan for Phnom Penh. MEF Community-based initiatives will enhance vulnerable groups’ ability to respond effectively to warning alerts.

60 Strengthen the preparedness and response capacities of national and local NCDM institutions and communities through mainstreaming migration and displacement trends, gender and disability inclusion. with NCDD, Integrates inclusive DRM into Commune Development Plans (CDP) and Commune PCDM Investment Plans (CIPs), and develops gender-responsive, disability-inclusive emergency preparedness and response plans at the commune level. Capacity building for stakeholders, development of drought and heatwave contingency plans, and improved coordination through upgraded data platforms like PRISM and CamDi are prioritized. The programme enhances data collection on climate-induced 42 migration, supports policy integration, and ensures vulnerable groups’ needs are met in sector contingency plans with safe shelters.

61 Enhance disaster risk analytics and identify vulnerable communities to support NCDM evidence-based decision-making. with This includes developing risk knowledge products that address the diverse needs of NCDD, vulnerable groups considering gender, age, geography, and disabilities to improve PCDM effectiveness for decision-makers. It also involves creating climate hazard and gender- responsive vulnerability assessments and monitoring tools for informed risk management. Additionally, this will strengthen data sharing among key agencies to improve targeting and coordination, ensuring more accurate and inclusive disaster risk analysis and response planning.

62 Establish, improve, modernize and rehabilitate an automated nation- wide MoWRAM meteorology monitoring network and data management system in order to collect and transmit meteorological data to improve meteorological forecasting for short, medium and long range and support early warning systems This measures includes the installation of a network of meteorological stations, including hardware and software equipment to support data collection and meteorological parameters measurements, such as: - Meteorological Synoptic stations (Automatic weather stations) - Automatic and manual Rain gauge stations - Doppler weather radar, - Upper Air (Radiosonde) stations - Wind profile stations - Global Telecommunication System (GTS) - Meteorology Satellite receiving Station (Himawari8/9 and GK-2A) - NWP model short, medium, long range - Heat wave stations - Marine meteorological stations (Bouy) - Earthquake and tsunamis observation and monitoring stations

63 Establishment and modernization of a centralized and standardized meteorological MoWRAM and hydrological data centre for water management This measure targets the establishment of a data bank storage portal (Integrated Data Service Platform) accessible to all stakeholders and users, with a friendly access to it. Social protection, social services and child protection

64 Building climate resilience among poor, vulnerable and at-risk population by GS-NSPC strengthening routine social protection programmes and service delivery with MoP, This Measure focuses on providing targeted, timely, and adequate social protection MoE, support, including cash, in-kind, and health services, to poor, vulnerable, and at-risk MoSVY, populations, including pregnant women and children under 2-years, school children, MoH, persons with disabilities, elderly, and persons living with HIV/AIDS, to enhance their MoEYS, adaptive capacity to climate change. This includes: MLVT, 1. Strengthening routine social protection programmes access, implementation and MoWA, enrolment with attention to gender and community engagement (e.g. intersectional NSAF, NSSF gender analysis, public awareness campaigns) 2. Strengthening IDPoor system by addressing registration and verification challenges 3. Strengthening delivery systems, including grievance mechanisms and shock- responsive components 4. Implementing the National-Home Grown School Feeding (NHGSFP) Joint Transition Strategy.

65 Reducing climate vulnerability among poor, vulnerable, and at-risk population by GS-NSPC implementing shock responsive social protection (SRSP) and improving interoperability of social protection systems with MoP, MoSVY, This measure focuses on strengthening the five building blocks of the SRSP Framework NCDM, to ensure systematic, predictable, timely and effective support for poor, vulnerable, and MoWRAM, at-risk populations including pregnant women and children under 2- years, school MoEYS, children, persons with disabilities, elderly, and persons living with HIV/AIDS facing MoE, climate and other shocks. This includes: GDB/MEF, MoI, 43 1. developing and implementing shock responsive social protection system as well as MoWA, improving IDPoor identification of climate-vulnerable households, service delivery and NCDDS, monitoring while leveraging interoperable systems and data exchange mechanisms and NSAF, NSSF 2. Expanding the Digital Social Protection Platform to link with early warning systems, enabling social protection beneficiaries to receive customized early warning messages, in alignment with CREWS and EW4ALL initiatives.

66 Enabling a just and inclusive transition by expanding social protection to those whose GS-NSPC livelihoods are/will be affected by climate change with MoP, This measure includes: MoSVY, 1. the implementation of the National Graduation-Based Social Protection Programme to MLVT, MoE, MAFF, enhance the climate resilience and adaptive capacities of poor and vulnerable MRD, households through training, improved livelihood options, and providing sustainable MoWRAM, pathways out of poverty GDICDM, 2. the design of a Family Package referral and linkage mechanism to strengthen access to MEF, essential services and promote climate-resilient development. GDB/MEF, MoWA, In addition, this measure assesses the feasibility of: NSAF, NSSF, 1. a Cash-for-Work Programme under NSPC coordination for climate adaptation and Provincial, and mitigation, including during shocks Municipal 2. unemployment related support for those who become unemployed, including as a Authorities direct result of climate change or Cambodia’s green transition.

67 Establishing the foundations for climate-sensitive housing related support for poor, GS-NSPC vulnerable and at risk population through the social protection system with This measure aims to explore housing related support to enable access to affordable, MLMUPC, safe, and climate-resilient housing to vulnerable populations, including those in GDB/MEF, informal settlements prone to climate hazards like heat waves and floods. It includes: GDPPP/MEF 1. a feasibility study to understand needs arising from climate change impacts by , MoP, exploring climate-sensitive housing related supports for vulnerable groups and demand MoSVY, for other social protection supports, MoCR, 2. a feasibility study to examine the potential for providing support to vulnerable groups NSAF residing in pagodas and other religious sites.

68 Expand Specialized Social Services (SSS) and reinforce the climate resilience of all MOSVY rehabilitation centers, residential care institutions (RCIs) and communities Extending social work interventions, counselling, holistic care, therapy and medical with MoH, support for persons with disabilities, the elderly and individuals in rehabilitation MoI, NCDM centers, residential care institutions (RCIs) and community-based centers to receive safe and supportive services before, during and after emergency responses of natural disasters of climate change.

69 Integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change into the planning, development MOSVY and support of the Social Service Workforce through enhancement of legal framework, adoption of quality assurance system and capacity building of the SSW with MoI and SNA 1. Integrate climate change into quality assurance for the social service workforce, draft child protection law, and Child Protection SOPs. 2. Develop evidence-based training curricula on climate adaptation, green practices, and social work in disaster risk reduction. 3. Build capacity of the social service workforce on climate-responsive child protection and disaster risk reduction. 4. Strengthen child protection services responsive to climate and disability, including integrating a climate marker in Primero and case management 5. Ensure SSW inclusion in disaster responses, data systems, and relocation planning. 6. Promote child and youth participation in climate-responsive protection systems. 7. Conduct risk assessments for diverse groups of children (e.g., indigenous, rural, disabled) to inform tailored responses.

70 Embed child protection provisions in climate policies and planning to address MOSVY children affected by climate change, particularly child trafficking, migration, and repatriation, and to ensure adoption of risk mitigation for children affected by climate with MoI, change, with a focus on case management and social work National 44 Committee 1. Collect data on children affected by migration and trafficking, with analysis of climate for Counter change impacts to inform policy and programmes. Trafficking 2. Develop and implement SOPs on child protection in contexts of migration, trafficking (NCCT), and violence, integrating climate change adaptation. SNA 3. Strengthen child protection services and case management for children impacted by climate-induced migration, trafficking, and violence. 4. Enhance coordination on child protection across ministries and with destination countries. 5. Include children and youth perspectives in policy and SOP development. 6. Use child- and youth-friendly formats to share SOPs and climate adaptation information with at-risk children. Food systems

71 Shift food consumption towards more nutritious, healthier and more sustainable CARD diets. with MoP, 1. Increase physical and economic access to the foods required for healthy and MoSVY, sustainable diets. MISTI, 2. Strengthen linkages between social protection (particularly home-grown school MoEYS, feeding) to improve equity in access to sustainable and healthy diets MoC, GS- 3. SBC for sustainable and healthy diets NSPCC, 4. Regulation of unhealthy and ultra-processed foods and beverages MEF 5. Expand use of fortified rice across social protection programs, food reserves, and institutional markets. 6. Strengthened food reserve system 7. Strengthened food system governance at national and sub-national levels, including food safety and quality 8. Supporting action from Agriculture: Promotion of domestic fruit and vegetable production.

72 Reducing food loss and waste CARD 1. Baseline study on food waste in urban and rural situations. with MoE, 2. Policy and programme development for food waste reduction, reuse and value adding. MAFF, 3. Research and development of cooperative actions and information to reduce food loss MoEYS & and food waste, to manage potential risks along the food chain and support pilot projects Municipaliti to reuse and add value to food waste. es Air quality

73 Enhance air quality monitoring: expand coverage and upgrade equipment and the MoE centralized data center This measure enhances Cambodia’s Air Quality (AQ) management system by expanding the number of air quality monitoring stations nationwide and upgrading the AQ monitoring stations as well as upgrading the centralized data center. The expanded network will ensure province-wide coverage, enabling the collection of accurate, real- time data on key air pollutants. The centralized center located at the MoE processes, analyzes, and disseminates AQ data through a publicly accessible digital platform, including a mobile application that provides real-time air quality updates, alerts, and health advisories.

74 Strengthen emission control and management in factories MoE This measure aims to control air pollution and industrial emissions from key sectors with MISTI such as cement, coal power plants, and garment factories by equipping with Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) and emission control, following the national emission standard and existing air quality control regulations.

75 Promote air quality control and management in construction sites MoE This measure focuses on controlling air pollution from construction activities by with implementing regulatory control over dust emissions at construction sites. It involves MLMUPC enforcing the air quality regulations through pilot demonstration, and progressive enforcement. 45 6. Enabling To effectively implement the mitigation and adaptation measures outlined in Cambodia’s NDC 3.0, strong enabling conditions are essential. These conditions are grouped into the following key areas: Education, information and awareness raising, Governance, and Policy, planning and capacity building. Together, they create the foundation for informed decision- making, inclusive participation, and effective climate action across all levels of society. By 2035, the Education sector will strengthen climate resilience through the following key actions. 1,000 schools will implement the National Guidelines on Eco-schools and other 1,000 the Guidelines for Safe School Framework. Climate change will be integrated into primary and secondary curricula, each with at least one learning outcome. Fifty Lifelong Learning Centers will adopt updated climate change curricula, and educators, pre-service teachers, and in-service teachers in early childhood, primary and secondary education will be trained on climate change. Climate resilience will also be embedded in the Education Strategic Plan 2028–2032, with dedicated strategies, KPIs, and operational measures. The development and implementation of Green TVET programs will promote green skills and the integration of environmental sustainability into Cambodia’s vocational training system. By 2035, climate change awareness and understanding will be boosted through expanded media outreach and public awareness-raising campaigns reaching millions of people via various channels (print, TV, radio, social media) and assessed through regular KAP studies in addition to targeted trainings for journalists, civil servants and vulnerable groups public access to climate information will be further enhanced via the NCSD portal, with 1,200 publications and 100,000 downloads by 2035. In the next 10 years, Cambodia will continue strengthening climate change Governance through improved coordination, capacity building, and data systems. The CC-TWG will be expanded with additional members, meet regularly, assess capacity gaps and address them through training. Environmental diplomacy will be enhanced through active participation in international forums and a wide dissemination of outcomes. In addition, Cambodia will prepare one position paper per event, and join ASEAN climate meetings. It will also submit annual NDC/LTS4CN tracking reports, establish a carbon registry, and publish 12 technical reports annually, aiming for 3,000+ data portal users per year. At the local level, 500 climate- integrated plans will be developed, supported by improved monitoring and vulnerability assessments. On finance, a carbon tax and climate investment fund will be in place by 2027, with public access to climate finance data by 2030. Cambodia’s approach to NDC 3.0 prioritizes mainstreaming gender equality in climate governance, aiming to increase women’s leadership and decision-making roles across all priority sectors. By 2028, the goal is to reach 31% average representation of women in senior and mid-level management positions across NDC LMs, with 32% at provincial and district levels. By 2035, the measures target training 15 Gender Mainstreaming Action Group (GMAG) and CC-TWG’s members on gender-climate linkages, and integrating 25 gender-responsive actions into sectoral plans. It also aims to conduct 5 gender-informed climate vulnerability assessments and enhance 10 climate policies with gender equality and social inclusion considerations, especially in the transition to a green economy. 46 The Policy, planning, and capacity building subsector focuses on equipping institutions, officials, professionals, and communities with the tools, knowledge, and systems needed to plan and respond effectively to climate risks. In the health sector, technical guidance will be developed for climate-sensitive diseases and conditions, with capacity building provided to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation options in national and provincial-level health sector planning and implementation. Urban resilience is also prioritized, with climate-resilient land use and urban planning guidelines to be developed by 2028, and half of all commune and district land use plans integrating climate considerations by 2035. Capacity building extends to the tourism sector, social workers, and child protection systems. Thousands of social workers and caregivers will be trained to support vulnerable populations, while child- and youth-sensitive climate adaptation will be integrated into national policies. Religious leaders, particularly Buddhist monks, will also be mobilized to raise awareness and support community resilience, reaching over 180,000 people. Air quality management will be strengthened through regulatory enforcement, with targets for compliance across industrial, transport, and agricultural sectors. Finally, support will be provided to develop thermal comfort regulation for working environments and improving Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). Table 9: List of Enabling measures, with description and Line Ministries involved # Title of the Measures and Descriptions LMs Education, information and awareness raising

1 Implement safe schools and Eco-schools to promote environmental sustainability, MoEYS ensure resilient facilities, uphold child rights, and support continuous learning with MoE Increased ambition and coverage to implement both safe schools and eco-schools. This involves the implementation of the National Guidelines on Eco-school and the Guidelines for Safe School Framework as part of the child-friendly school program, which the MoE has developed to promote environmental friendliness and ensure the safety of students before, during and after climate-related hazards. These schools prioritize the rights and needs of children, ensuring inclusive access to education in all circumstances. By integrating green infrastructure and disaster risk reduction strategies, they support continuous learning and community resilience while fostering environmental awareness among students.

2 Update curricula, textbooks and other pedagogical documents for learning, and MoEYS teaching in response to climate change, in primary and secondary education Increased ambition compared to the Updated NDC 2.0 where coverage was limited to primary education. The Education Strategic Plan 2024-2028 refers to: - Primary Education Review and update curriculum to respond to climate change - Modernize and improve teaching and learning documents for environmental education and climate change for grades 4-6 and Secondary Education accompanying teacher training - Review and revise curricula, syllabi and core textbooks and other pedagogical documents for learning and teaching (including in response to climate change, green technology and digitalization) and develop curriculum assessment framework

3 Upgrade non-formal education curriculum to build green competencies MoEYS Adjusted measure aligned with new policy frameworks such as ESP 2024-2028, which aims to: - Enhance the curriculum and teaching materials for non-formal education including life skills and green competencies - Implement the updated curriculum through Lifelong Learning Centers (LLCs) 47

4 Mainstream climate change in Pre-Service teacher education and in-service teacher MoEYS training Adjusted measure aligning with new policy frameworks such as ESP 2024-2028 and Teacher Policy Action Plan (TPAP) 2024-2030 and Green Curriculum Guidelines which aim to: - Integrate climate action into the provision of continuous professional development for teacher educators and teachers - Integrate climate change resilience into teacher training - Train teachers and student teachers on climate change resilience

5 Mainstream climate change into Education Strategic Plan 2028-2032 and ESP MoEYS operational plans Adjusted measure aligning to new policy frameworks such as ESP 2024-2028 which aims to develop policy measures and an operational plan on climate change for the education sector. Building on the earlier commitments, the new ESP 2028-2032 will further reinforce and expand efforts to strengthen climate resilience, education for sustainable development, and disaster risk management within Cambodia’s education system.

6 Promote environmental sustainability and climate resilience in Cambodia by MLVT integrating green concepts into the national Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system.

7 Expand the number of broadcasting programs on climate change to increase MoINFO understanding, promote best practices and combat misinformation - Develop and implement broadcasting and awareness programs on climate change through roundtables, banners, radio, tv and online media - Organise trainings for journalists to combat fake news and misinformation. - Cooperate with other LMs on technical support - The training topics include climate change, gender, social inclusion.

8 Increase awareness and understanding of climate change related concepts and MoE environmental pollution among the public. with - Public awareness raising campaigns, trainings and other communication materials MoINFO and disseminated in cooperation with MoINFO, promoting clean, green and sustainable MIns practices. This activity will be accompanied by a dedicated social media campaign. - An annual conference dedicated to sharing progress, discussing challenges and solutions on climate change and the environment, held with participation from CSOs, communities and private sector and youth representatives.

9 Promote climate conscious thinking among civil servants MoE Increase the number of trainings for government officials across ministries on key with NASLA climate policies and strategies, including the NDC, CCCSP, Circular Strategy on Environment and others in collaboration with National School of Local Administration (NASLA).

10 Continue enhancing public access to climate change information through the NCSD MoE portal with MISTI, Collaborate with other ministries, notably MISTI, MoEYS as well as academia and think MoEYS tanks to share latest findings and information on climate change and update the portal accordingly.

11 Strengthen community resilience to climate-related health risks by developing and MoH implementing public awareness campaigns on climate-sensitive diseases (e.g., dengue, malaria), injuries (e.g., drowning, snakebites), nutrition, and mental health, with targeted messaging for vulnerable groups (e.g., children, pregnant women, elderly, migrants, and persons with disabilities). (Human health and WASH) 1.Improve health literacy and build capacity of village health support groups (VHSG) and local authorities on climate-sensitive conditions. 2.Increase community awareness on climate-sensitive conditions. 3.Ensure community preparedness for climate impacts (extreme heat, flooding, air pollution, food/general hygiene, WASH) 48 4. Effectively disseminate information through communications campaigns and operationalization of a public information system 5. Enhance food safety through training, monitoring of end-use sites, and enforcement of food hygiene and safety standards

12 Research/Evidence generation and knowledge management for climate impacts, MoH including adaptation and mitigation actions, with consideration for determinants of health. [includes healthcare waste management, impact of air pollution, supply chain management, carbon footprint, etc.]. (Human health and WASH) 1. Mapping for identification of future adaptation and mitigation measures. 2. Conduct health risk assessments on climate-related threats, such as greenhouse gases, heat waves, drought, etc. 3. Longitudinal study of climatic risks of vector-borne disease transmission at sentinel sites to inform adaptation and mitigation strategies and a real-time dengue prediction model using national surveillance and climate-environmental anomaly indicators. 4. Post-validation survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices and assessment of transmission dynamics for vector-borne and water-borne diseases.

13 Increase awareness and knowledge in the vulnerable rural communes, including MRD children and young people, on climate change impacts on WASH services, related health risks, and prevention measures. (Human health and WASH) This measure promotes climate and WASH awareness among rural populations, especially vulnerable groups like women, children, and youth. It builds community capacity to understand climate-WASH-health links and encourages preventive behaviors to reduce related health risks: - Develop a community outreach strategy on climate impacts, WASH, and health - Create child- and youth-friendly materials to build early awareness and empower action - Conduct school and community campaigns on climate-WASH-health impacts and prevention measures - Conducting awareness campaigns on impacts of climate change on WASH, related health risks, and prevention measures in both schools and local communities. -Public awareness-raising campaigns on the links of gender equality and social inclusion in climate change and WASH among rural populations—especially vulnerable and marginalized groups to reduce climate-related health risks.

14 Increase awareness and knowledge in the most vulnerable urban communities, MPWT including women, children and young people, on climate change impacts on sanitation services, related health risks, and prevention measures. (Human health and WASH) This measure, led by the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation, aims to increase awareness in vulnerable urban communities, especially women, children, and youth. It will: -Launch a comprehensive awareness campaign -Build understanding of health risks from climate-related sanitation disruptions -Promote preventive behaviors and community action -Empower residents to support climate-resilient sanitation -Foster early awareness and behavior change among children and youth as future change agents.

15 Increase child and youth-sensitive commitments of government to enhance access to MOSVY information and public awareness on climate change and its impacts on the promotion, protection and fulfillment of rights of children, and support families and with MoWA, communities to become climate resilient. MoI, SNA, (Child Protection) MoE 1. Develop SBC and communication tools on climate adaptation and green practices for existing programmes (e.g., Strong Family Campaign, positive parenting). 2. Raise awareness among caregivers, youth and children on adaptation strategies via 49 online and offline channels. 3. Develop a costed, public-friendly quad-media communication plan, incorporating the UN CRC, 2022 Concluding Observations, General Comment No. 26 (2023), and an MoSVY-managed knowledge base on child rights, climate resilience, and public engagement in climate action. 4. Integrate the costed communication plan into MoSVY’s annual budget to maintain messaging on child rights and climate action. 5. Produce child and youth-friendly versions of NDC 3.0 and related materials. 6. Disseminate disaster and climate messages in child and youth-accessible formats (e.g., storytelling, games, radio, comics). Governance

16 Strengthen the institutional capacities of the NCSD through the Climate Change NCSD Technical Working Group (CC-TWG) - Support regular meetings of the CC-TWG - Review the list of LMs in the CC-TWG - Review the TOR for CC-TWG members and observers, including DPs, academia, CSOs, medias and youth representatives - Propose an annual workplan with clear and achievable goals and indicators - Provide structured capacity-building support to CC-TWG - Ensure buy-in from high-ranking officials within each LM - Enhance coordination between GMAG and CC-WTG - Build GESI capacity of CC-TWG and promote joint meetings with GMAG members to foster GESI mainstreaming in climate actions.

17 Enhance environmental diplomacy effort MoE - Strengthen the capacities of Cambodia’s climate change delegation to negotiate at the international level. - Support meaningful participation to international negotiations like COPs and other ASEAN dialogues, e.g. ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC) - Support the participation of delegates representing the civil society and Indigenous People - Clearly communicate the key outcomes of the international negotiations and assign relevant tasks among the CC-TWG to enhance implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and other UNFCCC commitments - Enhance collaboration with the MoFAIC - Conduct annual reflections on progress, challenges and solutions to inform improvements in the following year’s plans and strategic actions.

18 Comply with ETF requirements under Paris Agreement on Climate Change and other MoE tracking mechanisms to facilitate access to climate finance - Efficiently manage, regularly update and develop tools and mechanisms needed to comply with the ETF requirements under the Paris Agreement - Develop reporting tools and an online registry as compliance mechanisms for the carbon market. - Collaboration with MEF in the annual development of the CPER and climate finance tracking mechanisms, including also private investment tracking - Development of MRV systems focused on the consistent collection and use of sex- disaggregated data.

19 Document evidence-based data on climate change to support decision making and MoE planning process - Ensure the maintenance and regular updating of a user-friendly digital platform for storing and sharing documents and data, building on the existing NCSD Data Portal that already includes Vulnerability Index, air quality data, CEMIS, and other key datasets - Facilitate the collection and integration into the same digital platform of project findings, reports, and case study from other LMs, DPs, NGOs, CSOs and academia - Enhance cooperation with academic institutions on technical or scientific research on climate change. 50

20 Strengthen subnational capacity to assess, manage, and respond to climate change NCDD and disaster risks in their local areas and enhanced climate change coordination mechanism and other coordination mechanisms with MoE, MoWRAM -Pertains to enhancing the capacity of sub-national administration to access climate data NCDM and and vulnerable assessment in their development plans and investment programmes. MoWA -Involve preparing/updating Climate Change and Disaster Strategy and Action Plan for sub-national levels including vertical and horizontal coordination for climate change and other coordination mechanisms. -Improve capacity of women in leadership positions on climate change at Capital/Province (CP) and District/Municipality/Khan (DMK) levels. -Involves enhancing national and sub-national systems (database) to monitor and track climate change projects in targeted areas.

21 Develop an inclusive climate financing policy framework, supported by tools and MEF coordination mechanisms, to mobilize and track climate expenditures, funds and revenues. Further explore opportunities in climate finance and carbon markets The measure aims to strengthen its climate finance system by developing an inclusive policy framework and tools to mobilize and track climate-related funds, expenditures, and revenues. This includes establishing sub-national climate funds mechanisms, expanding access to green finance, integrating GESI, and building capacity at all levels. It will also develop the NDC 3.0 financing strategy, explore carbon markets and pricing mechanisms, improve public finance linked to NDC 3.0. These efforts will support effective implementation of climate actions and long-term resilience.

22 Strengthen climate change mainstreaming in the development plans, including M&E, MoP and in the public investment program, at the national/capital/ provincial levels This measure aims to further mainstream climate change considerations in the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP), sectoral plans and sub-national plans, taking into account GESI. It includes updating existing guidelines for the formulation of the NSDP and sub-national plans, as well as the organisation of capacity-building programmes. The three-year rolling Public Investment Program (PIP) with climate-related projects will be developed annually at national and provincial levels. Guidelines and training sessions support its preparation. By 2030, an online platform will provide public access to updated climate investment trends, expenditures, and funding opportunities.

23 Strengthen digital data governance and reporting mechanism to in line with the MAFF Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) reporting requirement (Agriculture) Enhance national capacity for data governance, coordination, and reporting to ensure compliance with the ETF under the Paris Agreement. This includes developing institutional arrangements, establishing data-sharing protocols, improving sectoral data quality and accessibility, and aligning GHG inventory and adaptation tracking systems with ETF requirements. Strengthened mechanisms will enable transparent, timely, and accurate reporting of progress toward Cambodia’s NDC targets and other climate commitments.

24 Increase the proportion and capacity of women in government leadership and MoWA decision-making roles relevant to all NDC priority sectors. This measure aims to increase women's representation and capacity within governmental institutions responsible for NDC sectoral policy, planning, and implementation. It aligns with Cambodia's Pentagonal Strategy Phase 1 on promoting women's participation in leadership.

25 Strengthen sectoral capacity on the nexus between gender and climate change and MoWA institutional coordination between sectoral GMAGs and CC-TWGs, as well as between MoWA and MoE for the implementation and monitoring of gender-responsive climate with MoE actions This measure aims to build capacity and improve joint collaboration among gender and climate change coordination bodies such as GMAGs, CC-TWGs, the MoWA and the MoE 51 to ensure that agreed gender mainstreaming actions and key performance indicators are systematically integrated throughout the implementation of NDC 3.0.

26 Enhance the integration of systematic Gender Analysis into Climate Vulnerability MoWA Assessments and sectoral planning. Climate change impacts men and women differently. Conducting gender analysis as part of climate vulnerability assessments to promote climate actions that address specific needs will result in more equitable outcomes. This is in line with government policies including Neary Rattanak VI for 2024-2028.

27 Scale-up the integration of gender considerations in climate-related policies in all MoWA NDC sectors, with special focus on the transition to green economy. Review all climate-related policies to ensure gender integration in climate plans, programs and projects relating to the promotion of green practices and clean technology. Policy, planning and capacity building

28 Establish climate-resilient guidelines for planning and managing industrial facilities MISTI (Industry/IPPU) with CDC This measure promotes climate resilience in industrial facilities by developing national guidelines and training programs that integrate risk assessments, resilient infrastructure, and sustainable resource management into industrial planning and operation.

29 Increasing Awareness and Capacity Building in the implementation of REDD+ MoE mechanism, ecotourism models, monitoring systems, law enforcement, and others. (FOLU) with MAFF, MRD, Increasing awareness and capacity building are crucial for effective climate adaptation. MLMUPC, Capacity building involves strengthening the ability of individuals, communities, and NCDM,MEF, organizations to respond to climate change, while awareness raising focuses on MOWRAM informing and engaging stakeholders about the risks and opportunities related to adaptation. Target audiences include personnel from government ministries, forest agencies, local authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and indigenous communities, among others.

30 Strengthening institutional frameworks in REDD+ implementation, forest and land MoE use/cover change monitoring, and community-based financing framework. (FOLU) with MAFF,MRD, Strengthening institutional frameworks for climate change adaptation involves building MLMUPC, the capacity of institutions to effectively develop and implement adaptation strategies, NCDM,MEF, policies, and measures. This process includes assessing existing capacities, defining MOWRAM roles and responsibilities, and ensuring coordination among different actors. The goal is to improve resilience to climate change impacts by identifying shortcomings and opportunities for improvement.

31 Strengthen technical guidance for climate sensitive diseases, injuries, and conditions, MoH such as: vector/water-borne diseases, drowning/heat stress, snake bites, malnutrition, respiratory illness, etc. (Human health and WASH) Develop technical guidelines and protocols for diagnosis, detection, control, prevention and treatment of climate sensitive diseases and injury such as: vector/water-borne diseases, drowning/heat stress, snake bites, respiratory illness, malnutrition, etc (PMD, MCH, CNM)

32 Strengthen capacity building to effectively integrate climate risks and adaptation MoH options in national and provincial-level health sector planning and implementation, including capacity building for healthcare providers to address climate health impacts on vulnerable populations. (Human health and WASH) 1. Capacity building for sub-national health staff on vector-borne diseases, such as dengue and Zika, climate change adaptation, and resilience (PMD, CNM) 52 2. Capacity building for sentinel sites reporting and SOP for a rapid response plan integrated with the dengue surveillance system and the early warning system (CDC) 3. Provide capacity building on climate change and health & nutrition (PMD & MCH) 4. Provide capacity building on Climate Change and WASH

33 Develop guidelines and plans to integrate climate resilience into land use and urban MLMUPC planning. (Infrastructure) This involves incorporating climate resilience principles and criteria into land use and urban planning frameworks to ensure that future development is sustainable, adaptive, and capable of withstanding climate-related risks. This includes the development of the guidelines for climate-resilience, including vulnerability assessment for land use and urban planning, and the development of an urban adaptation plan, that includes city heat action plan.

34 Strengthen institutional capacity within the tourism sector MoT (Livelihood and ecosystems) with MoE Strengthen institutional capacity within the tourism sector by implementing targeted training programs for tourism authorities and stakeholders (private sector and association), alongside public education and awareness campaigns aimed at enhancing climate resilience and preparedness across tourism-dependent communities and enterprises.

35 Strengthen the capacities of social workers, caregivers, and local communities to MOSVY support victims and vulnerable groups in climate risk and disaster preparedness (Social services) with MoH, MoI, Equipping social workers, caregivers and local communities with skills and materials to NCDM support the climate-preparedness of vulnerable populations through awareness programs and disaster preparedness training and including the caseworks on disasters of climate change in the Integration Case Management System.

36 Strengthen and integrate child and youth protection and climate change adaptation, MOSVY including child and youth sensitive and gender responsive interventions, disaster risk reduction and emergency response into MoSVY’s relevant plans and policies. with NCDM, (Child protection) CC-TWG 1. Build awareness among NCDM and CC-TWG on child rights and protection in climate adaptation and disaster response. 2. Update the child protection Emergency Contingency Plan (2025–2026). 3. Integrate child protection–climate actions into MoSVY and child protection strategic plans. 4. Include and implement child protection climate change adaptation actions and ensure child rights are reflected in climate-related M&E frameworks. 5. Produce data analysis or policy briefs on child rights and protection in climate contexts. 6. Strengthen MoSVY’s institutional capacity (mitigation, adaptation, enabling, policy, planning and finance) through training, advocacy and planning. 7. Promote meaningful participation of children and youth in climate and disaster risk reduction strategies.

37 Strengthen religious leaders’ capacity especially Buddhist monks to prevent and MoCR respond to children and youth protection issues, violence and abuse against children and youth caused by impacts of natural disasters and various risks related to climate with change Supreme (Child protection) Patriarchs of the two 1. Develop a national strategic plan (2025–2030) for environmental and climate distinct education in cults and religion sectors. branches, 2. Develop education materials on child protection, and prevention and response to MoI, SNA violence during climate disasters for Buddhism and other religions. 3. Provide capacity building on environment, climate change, and child protection for monks and religious leaders at all levels. 53 4. Disseminate information on environment, climate change, child protection, and violence prevention in pagodas, religious institutions, schools, and communities. 5. Integrate action plans on environment, climate change, child protection, and disaster risk into royal decrees and interfaith dialogue resolutions. 6. Include these topics in training, workshops, and meetings for religious leaders. 7. Use spiritual and intergenerational dialogue tools to engage children and elders on culture-rooted climate solutions. 8. Encourage monks and leaders to support climate messaging for children and youth through local, accessible practices. 9. Promote standards for climate-resilient construction focused on child protection during disasters. 10. Issue guidelines for pagodas to promote renewable energy and implement climate- resilient, gender-sensitive, and inclusive infrastructure standards.

38 Strengthen air quality regulatory enforcement: operationalize air quality MoE management sub-decree and emission standard (Air quality) with MISTI, MPWT, This measure aims to accelerate the adoption of a key air quality regulation, such as the MLMUPC, draft sub-decree on Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration Control, through improved MAFF institutional coordination. It includes development of technical guidelines, in collaboration with other LMs, the enforcement of other key strategies, such as the Clean Air Plan of Cambodia and the Environmental Code, among others, through compliance monitoring, and legal action mechanisms.

39 Supporting the development of thermal comfort regulation for working MLVT environments & related OSH strengthening This measure includes the following actions: - Develop thermal comfort regulation for indoor & outdoor working environments (including thermal comfort indicators for place assessment & progress monitoring, definition of several levels of thermal comfort health & safety) - Develop case studies in collaboration with other relevant ministries and research academy on best practices in combating heat stress (heat tolerant clothing, cooled drinking water, ventilation, drawing on national and international experiences for both indoor and outdoor workers) 54 7. Cross-Cutting Topics The successful implementation of Cambodia's NDC 3.0 requires drawing upon the knowledge and addressing the specific needs of all segments of the Cambodian community. Specific groups including women, children & youth, Indigenous Peoples (IPs), people with disability (PWD) and the private sector all have a strong stake in Cambodia successfully reducing the high risks it faces due to climate change and are well placed to contribute to achieving this. Cambodia has shown international leadership in integrating GESI, youth and private sector considerations into its climate policies, the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 has a greatly enhanced focus on IPs and PWD and expanded the role of women, youth and private sector, based on enhanced consultation and mutual learning during the development process, laying the path for stronger and more sustainable implementation of the measures in this document. Targets and proposed social inclusion indicators are clearly highlighted in the “cross-cutting” column in the detailed table in the Annex 1. Marginalized peoples’ climate vulnerability is caused by attitudes, policies and practices related to existing inequalities, not by climate change itself. Climate-related crises exacerbate but do not cause vulnerability. Marginalised people are knowledge holders and actors in their communities, and can be powerful agents for change. Their contribution is essential in NDC decisions and actions. Actions must support marginalised individuals and their communities and organisations to build their own agency and resilience, stay strong, flexible, and resourceful and support themselves and their ecosystems in the face of climate stresses and uncertainty. The implementation of commitments made in Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 will require significant work to: build on and deepen the relationships and maintain communication channels formed during the NDC development process; build capacity, collective ownership and shared knowledge among both officials and civil society organizations at all levels through ongoing learning and exchange to enable meaningful engagement; review and address gaps in policy; improve data collection and disaggregation; and strengthen institutional coordination, including amplifying or building new mechanisms for engagement. This critical foundational work is a prerequisite to inclusive implementation and will require specific resourcing and institutional support. Equally important is inclusive monitoring and reporting, ensuring meaningful participation of marginalized voices so their voices are heard in reports and assessments, including in the Global Stocktake process. Social Inclusion goes beyond the groups mentioned in this section and should also consider the needs and perspectives of, and engage with, other marginalized groups including children, elderly and the poor and LGBTQAI+ community. In addition, a Just Transition approach is critical to ensuring that Cambodia’s shift toward a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy is socially inclusive, economically fair, and environmentally sustainable. The impacts of climate change and climate-related policies extend far beyond environmental considerations, directly affecting employment, working conditions, income security, and the inclusion or exclusion of vulnerable groups. By embedding Just Transition principles across sectors, Cambodia can ensure that its climate response creates fair job opportunities, protects workers’ rights, strengthens livelihoods, and supports micro, small, and medium enterprises to adapt and thrive in the green economy. Strengthened dialogue and the formal participation of workers’ and employers’ organizations and civil society will play a central role in the implementation of NDC 3.0. 55 7.1. Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) 7.1.1. Women Climate change likely impacts women due to existing gender inequalities and societal norms, making them on one hand more vulnerable to natural disasters and associated risk, but also less represented in decision-making processes related to climate change adaptation and mitigation. Cambodia's NDC 3.0 offers a crucial opportunity to deepen gender-responsive climate actions by addressing institutional gaps and strengthening women’s participation, policy coherence, implementation, and MRV. The integration of gender equality in NDC is anchored on the principles of strong country ownership, provision of means of implementation and broad-based, meaningful participation of all relevant stakeholders, led by the Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA), in collaboration with the MoE and all the line ministries’ Gender Mainstreaming Action Groups (GMAGs) and the CC-TWG. The GMAGs are institutional mechanisms established within each ministry in Cambodia to integrate gender considerations into policies, programs, and climate strategies through the development and implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Action Plans (GMAPs), to ensure inclusive and equitable governance. The proposed gender integration was guided by the Enhanced Lima Work Programme on Gender and its Gender Action Plan’s five priority areas outlined below, and draws on national frameworks such as the Pentagonal Strategy - Phase 1, Neary Rattanak VI (2024–2028), the Master Plan on Gender and Climate Change (2018–2030) and the objectives outlined in the upcoming Gender Mainstreaming Strategy Plan in the Environmental Sector, Phase IV (2026– 2030). Across sectors, gender mainstreaming actions include strengthening the institutional capacity and coordination among GMAGs and CC-TWG on gender and climate change at the national and subnational levels. Enhanced collaboration among GMAGs, CC-TWG, MoWA, and MoE is critical for facilitation of joint capacity development and implementation of gender responsive sectoral measures across the NDC 3.0 sectors. Developing sector-specific guidelines on mainstreaming gender and climate change will equip ministries to conduct gender analysis, engage in gender-responsive planning, and ensure inclusive stakeholder consultations. These steps are crucial for incorporating gender considerations into sectoral NDC planning and gender analysis in climate vulnerability assessments. Increasing the proportion of women in government leadership and decision-making roles relevant to all NDC priority sectors is another key component of gender-responsive planning. Institutionalizing women’s roles in climate governance structures, including technical working groups, climate finance committees, and local management bodies is a necessary step in advancing inclusive and equitable climate governance. Ensuring that women have equitable access to clean energy, green jobs, and adaptive technologies requires project-level gender analysis and inclusive budgeting. Sector gender assessments must also be conducted to identify differentiated impacts and guide equitable policy responses, sector strategies and program/project design and development. Finally, gender actions must include the development of sector-specific MRV systems that collect and analyze sex and age disaggregated data in line ministries. These systems will 56 inform gender-sensitive policy development and track progress in real time. Embedding gender-responsive indicators into sectoral implementation frameworks and requiring annual reporting will enable transparency and accountability in gender-climate decisions and outcomes. By embedding these measures into Cambodia’s NDC 3.0, the country can fulfill its commitments under the UNFCCC Gender Action Plan and enhance the resilience, inclusivity, and effectiveness of its climate strategies. 7.1.2. Children and Youth According to UNICEF’s Children’s Climate Risk Index for Cambodia, children are inherently more vulnerable to climate hazards, be it the immediate impacts of climate change induced disasters, associated short and long-term health effects of rising temperatures and air pollution or the indirect implications for education, nutrition, infrastructure, economic opportunities and potential displacement, particularly for those living in rural areas. To reflect their specific needs and increase their coping capacities, a set of dedicated measures was developed under the Social protection, social services and child protection sector in addition to child-sensitive considerations covered in the Disaster and climate risk management, Infrastructure, Human health and WASH adaptation sectors. This focus on children, recognized as vulnerable groups to climate change, reflects a shared commitment towards promoting, protecting, and engaging children to participate in climate action. Globally, youth-led climate movements have played a key role in accelerating climate action. Cambodia’s youth population represents a large part of the population, with one in every four Cambodians between 14 and 30 years old according to the latest national census. Youth engagement in climate governance is therefore crucial for driving social and behavioural changes to achieve long-term sustainable development and ensuring climate targets reflect the needs and wishes of young people and communities. The role of young people in the development, implementation, monitoring, and enforcement of climate action across sectors was clearly recognized in Cambodia’s Updated NDC. Following an assessment of progress towards the targets as part of the National Stocktake Exercise undertaken by UNDP in 2024, a roadmap was developed identifying opportunities to increase meaningful youth engagement in the NDC 3.0.The recommendations called for capacity building, formal mechanism for engagement and dedicated funding and improved MRV on one hand and assigned the responsibilities of proactive learning, platform for unified voice, collaboration and data collection through implementation to young people themselves, acknowledging the dual responsibilities of meaningful youth engagement.18 Following the recommendations of the roadmap and UNDP’s On Equal Terms checklist19, a dedicated effort went into ensuring representatives of youth organizations are invited to participate from the very beginning, well-informed about the key concepts, process and 18 UNDP Cambodia (2024). Report on Youth Engagement in Cambodia’s Nationally Determined Contribution. Available at: https://www.undp.org/cambodia/publications/report-youth-engagement-cambodias-nationally- determined-contribution 19 UNDP (2023). On Equal Terms: A Checklist for Decision Makers and Practitioners on a Youth-Inclusive NDC Process. https://www.undp.org/publications/equal-terms-checklist-decision-makers-and-practitioners-youth-inclusive- ndc-process 57 entry points for their contributions. An additional improvement was a dutiful tracking of youth participation in the process (extending the age bracket to 35 in line with the YOUNGO definition) and ensuring that their roles go beyond volunteering through a suggested formalization of a youth advisory body for the CC-TWG under the Governance sub-sector of Enabling actions. The effort to engage young people in a meaningful and proactive way culminated in a dedicated youth consultation on the draft NDC 3.0 as part of the annual Local Conference of Youth gathering more than 250 in-person participants and additional 200+ online contributions from young people from across Cambodia and the associated Youth Statement20 presented below which covers five identified priority areas from across the mitigation, adaptation and enabling categories, namely Energy, Agriculture, Disaster and climate risk management, Human health & WASH and Education, information and awareness-raising. 7.1.3. Indigenous Peoples Indigenous Peoples (IPs) are increasingly recognized for their critical role in protecting biodiversity, water systems and ecological habitats across the globe. The preservation of their traditional knowledge is not only integral to understanding livelihoods and culture and, therefore, essential in safeguarding IP rights; but also contributes to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, and thus to improved climate resilience, disaster preparedness, quality of life, human well-being, and sustainable development. The UN has recently reiterated the importance of ensuring IPs are actively engaged in all processes concerning climate change, noting, for example, that currently IPs receive less than 1% of all international climate funding.21 As acknowledged in Cambodia’s Updated NDC, the Constitution recognizes that all Khmer citizens are equal before the law. Cambodia adopted the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) without reservation in 2007 and the rights of Indigenous Peoples have been protected by specific laws including the Land Law (2001), the Forest Law (2002), the Protected Areas Law (2008), and the National REDD+ Strategy, among others. However, in some cases, specific mention of Indigenous Peoples has since been replaced by the term ‘local communities’, despite national and international laws and agreements such as the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which specifically recognize Indigenous Peoples as key partners in the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of biodiversity. Collective Land Titles (CLTs), a specific land right for Indigenous Peoples in relation to their land and ancestral territories, provide critical protection of IPs’ right to practice traditional farming, even within conservation areas. Addressing the challenges Indigenous Peoples face in securing CLTs will significantly contribute to enhancing climate resilience across all segments of Cambodian society. Consultations with representatives of local IP organizations during the NDC 3.0 development process provided insightful contributions with particular focus on preserving traditional knowledge, reflected in certain measures This could be built upon with the establishment of 20 YCCA (2025). Cambodian Youth Statement on NDC 3.0 developed at the Local Conference of Youth 2025. Available at: https://yccacambodia.org/#national-youth-statement 21 UN News (2025). Indigenous Peoples sidelined in global climate fight, UN warns, 25 April 2025. Available at: https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/04/1162601 58 a mechanism for ongoing dialogue between NDC implementers and IPs organizations and communities, which will facilitate effective IPs participation and influence in implementing the NDC 3.0, its reporting, monitoring and stocktake processes and future NDC revisions. Coordination mechanisms should use Khmer or local languages, and support timely free, prior and informed consent processes in line with UNDRIP. 7.1.4. People With Disabilities Global evidence shows that people with disabilities (PWDs) are disproportionately impacted by climate change and, at all levels, have little voice in decisions concerning climate or responses to climate, which risks exacerbating their vulnerability. Very limited resourcing of, and research into, the disability-climate nexus has resulted in lack of alignment between commitments and action on disability and those on climate. Disability is understood as significant in disaster risk reduction (though this results in limited tangible action or engagement); but is little understood as a wider climate change issue. Few countries have addressed disability in their NDCs and if they do, concrete actions are often lacking. Disability advocates have been proactive in asserting their rights to be heard in climate spaces. People with disabilities in Cambodia (particularly in rural areas) are especially vulnerable to climate change risks, but are rarely included in discussions or planning on climate or DRR.22 Nonetheless, experience demonstrates that people with disabilities constitute active and effective contributors to climate efforts, for example through civil society projects. Cambodia ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2012 and the Updated. Cambodia’s Updated NDC recognised that PWDs are disproportionately impacted by climate change, however no specific measures were included; PWDs have had limited participation in NDC implementation to date or it has not been reported. The NDC 3.0 development made a conscious effort to include PWDs in the design and refinement of relevant measures following a dedicated capacity building session on the context and key concepts covered in the NDC. In addition, a specific training designed to inform the CC-TWG members on the importance and mechanisms for social inclusion in climate governance helped guide the NDC 3.0 development process. 7.2. Private Sector Engagement The RGC recognized the vital contribution of the private sector in driving green growth and achieving the carbon neutrality target by 2050 across its development and climate agenda. The Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I assigns the private sector a central role in achieving climate goals by adopting clean technologies, reducing emissions, and actively engaging in green investment initiatives. The LTS4CN sets a Net Zero target by 2050, with the net economic benefits estimate of approximately USD 5 billion by 2050—equivalent to 3% of projected GDP—for both the public and private sectors. Additionally, it anticipates USD 1 billion in adaptation co-benefits resulting from LTS4CN actions. By 2050, annual private sector 22 United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD). (2022) Situational Analysis of the rights of persons with disabilities: Cambodia Country Report, UNPRPD and UN Cambodia. Available at: https://unprpd.org/new/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CR_Cambodia_2021-cd7.pdf 59 investments are projected to reach nearly USD 1.4 billion, primarily in the energy, transportation, and forestry sectors, along with notable contributions in the IPPU sector. Other relevant government strategies include the development of Green Investment Taxonomy for the Energy, Transport and Building sector, supported by International Finance Corporation (IFC) and led by the National Bank of Cambodia with the ambition to build an enabling framework and environment to raise the necessary finance to meet the government’s climate ambitions. Additional potential for private sector engagement lies in green bonds, with two green bonds approved recently with the Cambodia Sustainable Bond Accelerator (CSBA) through which one company was awarded 49.16 million USD green bond for solar power plants and another a bond of about 10 million USD to fund sustainable infrastructure projects, including a wastewater treatment facility. Many larger companies, including those in the garment sector, have already set their carbon target aligned with the carbon neutrality goal, and this provides concrete opportunities to build synergies with the NDC 3.0 priority measures. Based on the dedicated consultation held with representatives of local and international companies, an additional potential to increase the role of the private sector in the achievement of Cambodia’s climate ambition in the next 10 years was identified acknowledging that private sector participation is indispensable to close the climate finance gap. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 departs from earlier strategies by placing private capital at the core of its financing model. Sectors such as clean energy, climate-resilient agriculture, and sustainable urban development provide attractive entry points, but require robust enabling conditions. Activities will include carbon reporting, financial support, and tax incentives for low-carbon developments. More detail can be found in the dedicated column “cross-cutting” in the detailed table in the annex and in the financing strategy section. 60 8. Monitoring and Evaluation: Governance, Means of Implementation, Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) and Transparency 8.1. Governance Cambodia’s climate governance framework is anchored in strong institutional coordination and policy integration led by the Ministry of Environment and the National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD), a policy-making body established in 2015 to promote sustainable development and to ensure economic, environmental, social and cultural balance within the Kingdom of Cambodia. It comprises all ministries and institutions, and 25 capital/provincial governors. Under their joint leadership, the development of the NDC 3.0 was guided by principles of inclusiveness, ambition, and implementation, aligning with national development priorities and the Sustainable Development Goals. The NCSD serves as Cambodia’s focal point for the UNFCCC and the General Directorate of Policy and Strategy (GDPS) of the MoE supports NCSD operations and coordinate the development of policies, strategic plans, action plans, and legal instruments related to sustainable development, including the green economy, climate change, biodiversity conservation and biosafety, and science and technology. The Department of Climate Change (DCC), under the GDPS, leads technical efforts on climate change adaptation, mitigation, and reporting. It plays a central role in intergovernmental coordination, integration of climate actions into national planning and budgeting processes, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement across all sectors under the NDC 3.0 process. The Climate Change Technical Working Group (CC-TWG), established in 2017, facilitates and provides technical support to the NCSD in addressing climate change in Cambodia. The CC- TWG is key to cross-ministerial coordination and to ensure decision-making and implementation by key line ministries. The CC-TWG is composed of 38 officials from 22 ministries/institutions. Development Partners (DPs) play a pivotal role in supporting and accelerating the national climate change agenda. Beyond their function as donors—financing key initiatives—they contribute through strong, long-standing partnerships with government ministries, enabling targeted and strategic support across critical areas. DPs are regularly engaged in policy making processes, as demonstrated in the development of this NDC where they offered expertise and guidance throughout the process. Their involvement extends to providing technical assistance for the formulation of regulations, supporting implementation frameworks, and strengthening institutional capacity. In recent years, DPs have also increasingly facilitated dialogue between the public and private sectors, helping to align climate goals with investment opportunities and market-based solutions, and fostering the 61 mobilization of additional resources and innovative financing mechanisms for climate action. NGOs and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a crucial role in shaping and supporting climate policy. Their involvement ensures that climate action is not only effective but also inclusive, transparent, and grounded in the needs of communities. They help bridge the gap between policy and practice, disseminate critical information about climate change, policies, and adaptation strategies, making this knowledge accessible to the public and local stakeholders. They also provide various forms of support—technical, financial, and logistical—to help communities build resilience and adapt to climate impacts. Their engagement in policy making processes ensures that diverse voices are heard, contributing to more responsive and equitable climate strategies. Importantly, NGOs and CSOs serve as advocates for vulnerable and marginalized groups, ensuring that their needs and perspectives are represented in national climate plans. As highlighted in the dedicated chapter, the private sector is already playing a significant role in Cambodia’s climate response and its influence is expected to grow even further. Businesses are not only key stakeholders in emissions reduction but also essential partners in innovation, investment, and implementation of climate solutions. The private sector contributes by adopting cleaner technologies and integrating sustainability into their operations and supply chains. Looking ahead, the private sector will be instrumental in mobilizing finance, scaling up green technologies, and driving market-based solutions. Their involvement is critical for unlocking investment, fostering innovation, and ensuring that climate action is both economically viable and socially inclusive. Academic institutions are central to advancing climate action through the provision of research, development, innovation, and information. In Cambodia, there is considerable room for improvement for academic institutions to generate more scientific knowledge, develop technologies, and offer evidence-based insights. Strengthening institutional quality, investing in research infrastructure, and better leveraging the capacity of youth and emerging researchers can significantly enhance the sector’s impact. Academic institutions have the potential to promote bottom-up approaches that engage society more broadly in climate action. Building strong international networks and partnerships in research and development (R&D) is also vital for knowledge exchange and innovation. 62 Figure 8: Governance structure 8.2. Costing and Financing Strategy Costing Methodology and Results The costing process for Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 was built on a structured, evidence-based approach, drawing from real project data, sectoral strategies, and investment planning documents. Cost estimates were developed using a combination of verified proxies, cost benchmarks from comparable national and regional programs and unit-based models wherever applicable. These included inputs from national budget documents, donor-funded project budgets, and sector-specific studies. The primary framework used for the costing was the Investment and Financial Flows (I&FF) methodology developed under the UNDP framework. This approach allowed for disaggregating investment needs over time and applying adjustment factors for cost escalation drivers such as inflation, technology shifts, lifecycle operations and projected demand increases. All cost estimates were framed over a ten-year horizon (2026–2035), consistent with the implementation timelines of Cambodia’s NDC 3.0. Each measure was costed using a standardized structure, clearly separating capital expenditures (CAPEX) from operational expenditures (OPEX). Wherever possible, cost estimates were developed using bottom-up unit-based calculations - relying on actual implementation examples, feasibility studies, project documentation, or national plans. These were supplemented by internationally verified proxies from UN agencies and DPs, and peer-reviewed Southeast Asian projects. Where original Cambodian 63 benchmarks were unavailable or incomplete, often due to the absence of past implementation experience or lack of disaggregated cost data, proxies were selected based on regionally comparable contexts, with references checked for accuracy and publicly available sources provided for traceability. Despite the rigor of the process, several challenges were encountered: ● Incomplete or missing baselines: several sectoral targets were articulated in percentage terms without clearly defined numerical baselines. In such cases, plausible baseline figures were reconstructed using national statistics, program documentation and analogs from similar implementation contexts; ● Limited operational detail in measure descriptions: some measures were presented at a strategic level, with limited specification of implementation steps or inputs. To ensure costing consistency, indicative activity chains were reconstructed based on previous implementation experience and relevant international good practices; ● Data scarcity in cross-cutting and emerging sectors: newer areas such as thermal comfort regulation, climate-informed social services and early childhood resilience interventions lacked historical costing data in Cambodia. In such cases, regional benchmarks and verified international experiences were used, with clear documentation of all assumptions. Table 10: Estimated cost - mitigation sectors Mitigation Sectors Estimated cost by sector (million USD) Energy 20,368 Industry / IPPU 260 Agriculture 321 FOLU 944 Waste 796 Total mitigation 22,688 Table 11: Estimated cost - adaptation sectors Adaptation Sectors Estimated cost by sector (million USD) Energy 79 Industry / IPPU 30 Agriculture 960 FOLU 123 Human health and WASH 1,222 Infrastructure 5,860 Livelihood and ecosystems 32 Disaster and climate risk management 66 Social protection, social services and child 899 protection Food systems 45 Air quality 53 Total adaptation 9,368 64 Table 12: Estimated cost - enabling sectors Enabling Sectors Estimated cost by sector (million USD) Education, information, awareness raising 96 Governance 26 Policy, planning and capacity building 50 Total enabling 172 Financing Needs and Architecture To fully implement Cambodia’s NDC 3.0, the country must address a combined funding requirement of approximately USD 32.2 billion by 2035 - with USD 22.68 billion for mitigation, USD 9.37 billion for adaptation and USD 172 million for enabling. A large part of this investment, about USD 20.37 billion, or nearly two-thirds of the total, is focused on the energy sector. One of the country’s most important goals is to increase the share of renewable energy in its electricity mix to 80% by 2035, which alone will cost USD 12.78 billion (40 % of the total). Cambodia’s climate plan is built on two levels of commitment: unconditional and conditional. The unconditional commitment is what Cambodia can do on its own, using its national budget and support that is already confirmed from development partners. This part of the plan is estimated at USD 9.5 billion. The conditional commitment, on the other hand, represents the additional USD 22.5 billion that Cambodia will need to fully achieve its climate ambitions. These are the actions that go beyond what the country can do alone. To make them happen, Cambodia will need strong international support through funding, technology, training, and partnerships. It will also depend on having the right policies, institutions, and systems in place to manage and deliver these efforts effectively. It’s important to note that this breakdown between conditional and unconditional funding is not available for every sector or ministry. However, the current estimates give a clear picture of what Cambodia can realistically achieve with its own resources, and what more could be done if the global community steps in to help. This section outlines a financing approach that builds on existing institutional structures and prioritizes transparency, predictability, and implementation-readiness - while mobilizing new sources of capital. It also draws on key insights from the recent NDC stocktake process, which provided a country-wide assessment of progress, coordination and resource mobilization gaps. The NDC 3.0 financing strategy is conceived as an integral part of Cambodia’s broader public finance architecture, not as a separate or standalone instrument. Notably, Cambodia is finalizing its National Financing Policy Framework under the broader Integrated National Financing Framework (INFF). These two tools work in tandem: the INFF provides a strategic, cross-sectoral approach to align development and climate goals with financial policies and instruments, while the Financing Policy Framework serves as the operational roadmap to ensure that borrowing, public spending, domestic revenue mobilization and private capital mobilization reinforce climate objectives. 65 Role of Climate Funds and Blended Finance Multilateral climate funds remain essential to Cambodia’s low-carbon, climate-resilient transition. The Green Climate Fund (GCF), in particular, plays a catalytic role in providing concessional finance and unlocking additional resources through blended finance. Cambodia’s current portfolio with the GCF includes nine approved projects - three single- country and six multi-country initiatives - with total GCF financing amounting to USD 254.1 million. These projects span sectors such as renewable energy, ecosystem restoration, climate-resilient agriculture, and community-based adaptation. A notable example is the Cambodia Climate Financing Facility (CCFF), approved by the GCF in 2024. With a total budget of approximately USD 100 million, including technical assistance, the CCFF is designed to deliver concessional capital to high-priority sectors and strengthen national financial institutions. While still in early implementation, the CCFF is envisioned as a scalable and replicable model that combines credit enhancement tools, targeted technical support and strong environmental and social safeguards. The RGC intends to draw lessons from this facility to expand similar blended finance platforms in other sectors. In addition to the GCF, Cambodia continues to benefit from financing through the Global Environment Facility (GEF), Adaptation Fund, Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) and Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF). These channels support diverse activities including institutional strengthening, landscape restoration, and localized resilience-building. REDD+ carbon credit sales alone generated nearly USD 12 million between 2016 and 2020, with the National REDD+ AIP estimating an additional USD 185 million investment needed through 2031. Coordination among these funding streams remains a key focus under the evolving national climate finance architecture. Cambodia should explicitly articulate its intent to access the newly operational Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), positioning this mechanism as a core source of support to address both economic and non-economic climate-related impacts. A key first step is the development of a national loss and damage needs assessment, quantifying impacts such as flood-related infrastructure damage, salinization of agricultural lands, loss of cultural heritage and displacement in low-lying areas. For instance, Cambodia’s annual average flood-related damages are estimated at the range of USD 100-170 million (UNDRR- supported Disaster Risk Finance Country Diagnostic), a figure that underscores the relevance of FRLD interventions. The assessment should directly link with NDC 3.0 priorities, making the case for scaling up ongoing efforts such as mangrove restoration, nature-based flood control infrastructure, and local relocation schemes. Proposals should aim to demonstrate blended finance structures - such as 70% L&DF contribution combined with 30% domestic resources or co-financing from climate funds like the GCF - to improve their attractiveness and scalability. All interventions must include basic but robust monitoring frameworks, with indicators such as number of hectares protected, the percentage reduction in livelihood losses, or number of households benefiting from risk reduction measures. Cambodia’s forestry sector alone generated approximately USD 12 million in carbon credit revenues between 2016 and 2020 (Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary and the REDD+ project at Southern Cardamom National Park), and it remains one of the most promising avenues for mobilizing additional climate finance. The completion of a national nested REDD+ framework, supported by a functioning carbon registry, is essential to ensure environmental integrity and to avoid double counting. 66 Private Sector Engagement Strategy Private sector participation is indispensable to close the climate finance gap. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 departs from earlier strategies by placing private capital at the core of its financing model. The strategy identifies the following priority interventions to build robust enabling conditions: 1. Policy incentives: Develop national and sectoral policies that explicitly position private investment as central to achieving NDC goals. 2. Regulatory incentives: Reform legal and institutional frameworks to streamline approvals and reduce compliance burdens. 3. Fiscal incentives: Offer targeted financial incentives such as tax exemptions on low- carbon technologies, performance-based subsidies, concessional loans. 4. Green taxonomy and disclosure standards: Finalize a national green taxonomy aligned with ASEAN and international frameworks. Mandate climate risk disclosures to improve market transparency and attract ESG-oriented investors. 5. Disaster risk financing strategy: Develop a strategy that clarifies the roles of public and private actors in pre-arranged financial instruments such as risk transfer mechanisms, contingency funds and insurance schemes. This will strengthen climate and disaster resilience, while creating structured entry points for private sector solutions in areas such as parametric insurance and catastrophe bonds. 6. Green bond development, through technical support, robust issuance standards, and alignment with IFC and ASEAN frameworks. 7. Strengthening the CCFF and its financial instruments (e.g., partial credit guarantees, first-loss reserves) and integrate stronger technical assistance to support deal structuring in emerging sectors. 8. Capacity-building: Partner with DPs to deliver training in project structuring, climate risk modeling and ESG appraisal across banks, MFIs, developers, and subnational governments. Gaps and Opportunities Despite important strides, Cambodia still faces persistent structural and institutional challenges in mobilizing climate finance at scale: ● Public climate expenditures remain limited, despite some encouraging progress, particularly through the advancement of budget tagging initiatives that enhance transparency and accountability and efforts to identify unconditional targets in this NDC 3.0, reflecting a growing commitment to aligning financial flows with national climate objectives. However, further efforts are needed to scale up and strategically align investments across sectors. ● The enabling framework for green finance is still under development. The ongoing work on adopting a national green taxonomy is a critical step toward strengthening mandatory disclosure requirements and enforcement mechanisms. Once in place, these reforms are expected to improve investor confidence and accelerate the growth of a robust green capital market in Cambodia. ● Project preparation capacity should be further supported. Private developers, financial institutions and subnational actors often lack the technical and financial skills required 67 to structure climate-aligned proposals that can meet the standards of climate funds or commercial financiers. Without such readiness, viable opportunities are left unrealized. ● The climate project pipeline could be further streamlined and aggregated into a nationally prioritized, investment-ready pipeline with sufficient scale to attract blended finance or large-scale capital mobilization. Addressing these gaps requires a coordinated approach to accelerate the adoption of enabling policy instruments, channels concessional capital into sectors with demonstrable mitigation or adaptation benefits, and actively builds private sector capacity to generate, prepare, and scale high-quality investments. Only by addressing these issues in an integrated manner can Cambodia move from incremental progress toward systemic transformation in climate finance mobilization. 8.3. Capacity Building By emphasizing a more ambitious and comprehensive set of climate actions to address both mitigation and adaptation, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 will require a substantial investment in capacity building across all sectors and governance levels. The current technical, institutional, and human resource capacities represent a bottleneck to the localization and community-driven requirement for sub-national implementation identified during the NDC sub-national workshop across five regions in Cambodia. This limited understanding of climate change and the need to accelerate access to information was consistent with findings of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Climate Change (KAP) reports conducted every 5 years to track Cambodia's knowledge, attitude, and response towards climate change impacts23. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 has also identified the importance of integrated capacity-building and awareness-raising across all relevant sectors, in technical knowledge on climate change data systems and reporting on NDC implementation especially for the NCSD/MoE, CC-TWG, and sub-national officers. It requires training and continuous learning for officials of line ministries on results-based reporting on the progress of the NDC actions (contributing to overall mitigation and adaptation targets)24. Specifically, capacity building needs are based on sectors and institutional and technical expertise including GHG inventories, mitigation modeling, NDC tracking system which is a part of MRV, and gender-responsive climate change vulnerability assessment. A recent UNDP-led capacity assessment of Line Ministries highlighted several critical areas where further support is needed to strengthen climate action. Key priorities include enhancing skills in proposal writing and project formulation, climate finance and resource mobilization, GESI integration in climate actions, and data collection and reporting, particularly in the use of GIS tools. There is also a need to deepen understanding of adaptation and mitigation concepts, including the integration of disaster risk management. Sector-specific needs were also identified, such as designing renewable energy solutions tailored to Cambodia, mainstreaming climate change in infrastructure and transport planning, developing climate actions in the education sector, and addressing gender dimensions in climate change and economic development. Additionally, to unlock carbon-market opportunities, targeted capacity-building in Article 6 negotiation, MRV 23 Understanding Public Perceptions of Climate Change in Cambodia (KAP4), 2024 24 Cambodia Updated NDC Stocktake Report, 2024 68 systems, and legal contracting, is needed. These gaps underscore the importance of sustained and targeted capacity-building efforts across institutions. The Updated NDC stocktake report also recommended integrating GESI and youth- responsive approaches to knowledge sharing, campaigns and training including formal and informal education programs, and improving the coordination between MoE and CC-TWGs on capacity building needs. In addition, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 outlined a critical need for the capacity development of local authorities and community actors. Since climate change and the associated budgeting has been integrated into sub-national level and commune planning, local authorities must be equipped with adequate knowledge on climate and NDC implementation. The NDC sub- national workshops, highlighted the gaps in knowledge, resources, and affective coordination mechanisms between national and sub-national levels of NDC implementation, particularly on the GHG emission reduction and reporting. Access to information constitutes a requirement for both national and sub-national stakeholders, particularly women, youth, and other vulnerable groups. For instance, representatives of IPOs and DPOs demand more dedicated climate awareness and outreach activities through television, radio, and social media, using targeted means of communication (sign language, audio, and Indigenous languages)25. Capacity building and access to information are important for all key stakeholders, including CC-TWGs focal points, national and sub-national officers, IPOs and DPOs as well as private sector entities to enhance individual and institutional capacities in NDC implementation while considering a key to closing the resource gap and mobilizing the required investments for achieving the NDC 3.0 targets. 8.4. Technology Availability The concept of technology availability refers to the access to, and readiness of, appropriate technologies needed to implement climate mitigation and adaptation measures. This includes both existing and emerging technologies that are environmentally sound, cost- effective, and suitable for local conditions. Availability encompasses not only the physical presence of technologies but also the capacity to adopt, operate, and maintain them—often requiring technical training, institutional support, and financial resources. In Cambodia’s NDC 3.0, the availability of climate-relevant technologies has been assessed not only in terms of their physical presence—locally or regionally—but also in terms of the technical capacity to install, operate, and maintain them. Encouragingly, many essential technologies are already available within the country, while others can be accessed regionally, positioning Cambodia well to advance its climate technology agenda. However, availability alone is not sufficient. To ensure effective deployment, it is crucial to strengthen local manufacturing, provide hands-on training for end-users, and build long-term maintenance capacity. Even when technologies are accessible, they often require demonstration projects and adaptation to local conditions to reduce costs and improve uptake. 25 NDC 3.0 Sub-national workshop in North-East Region, 2025 69 Promoting research, development, and innovation is equally important. This includes establishing testing laboratories for Cambodia-specific efficiency solutions, advancing smart metering and AI-driven energy optimization, and developing national standards. Digitalization also plays a key role—while Cambodia has made progress in digital platforms, there is significant potential to expand and integrate digital tools to support climate action more effectively. In the energy sector, many technologies are globally mature and widely available. The challenge for Cambodia lies in choosing solutions that are not only cost-effective but also compatible with its grid, climate, and development goals. Clean cooking technologies—such as biogas digesters, LPG systems, and electric induction cooktops—are already in use. Digital tools, including mobile apps for maintenance and carbon credit tracking, are helping to ensure these technologies are used effectively and sustainably. In transport, internal combustion engines (ICE) and hybrid vehicles are present but remain expensive. Regional experiences with rail transport offer promising models for Cambodia to follow. In aviation, fuel-saving procedures and sustainable aviation fuels are commercially available and supported by international frameworks like ICAO. Adaptation efforts are increasingly driven by digital tools. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and digital MRV platforms are enhancing data collection and analysis. Cambodia’s mobile banking network and digital social protection platforms—like IDPoor and the expanding Digital Social Protection Platform (DSPP)—are helping to deliver support where it’s needed most. On the ground, Cambodia has developed strong local capacity in designing and managing resilient infrastructure. Guidelines exist for climate-resilient housing, roads, and evacuation centers. Yet, more advanced technologies are still needed, particularly for construction in challenging environments and for supporting city governments with climate-smart planning tools, early warning systems, and smart transportation networks. 8.5. Measurement, Reporting, and Verification Cambodia has committed to transitioning to the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the Paris Agreement and successfully submitted its first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) in 2024. To support this transition, Cambodia has already established a MRV system to track progress on its climate change agenda. Since 2022, an online tracking tool is available at https://ncsd.moe.gov.kh/ndc-tracking/. Developed and continuously improved by the Ministry of Environment based on recommendations from the CC-TWG, this system is designed to monitor and track progress on both mitigation and adaptation targets outlined in Cambodia’s NDCs and in the LTS4CN. The platform includes the possibility to include information on GHG emission reductions and budget allocations for individual measures. It enables real-time data collection, management, aggregation, and reporting. All relevant ministries provide their annual updates on NDC implementation through the system, resulting in the publication of the Annual NDC/LTS4C Progress Reports on the NCSD website. Looking ahead, Cambodia plans to upgrade the NDC tracking system in alignment with NDC 3.0. The planned enhancements aim to deepen the system’s scope and improve its inclusivity. These include greater integration of cross-cutting topics (e.g., gender, youth, and Indigenous Peoples) in new indicators. This will reinforce the efforts made during the development 70 phase, where the needs and contributions of vulnerable and underrepresented groups were considered, and will help track the roles they play throughout implementation. The RGC is also committed to making the system more accessible and user-friendly. Continued capacity-building support will be provided to line ministry officials to improve the quality of the tracking efforts, including training in data collection, analysis, and reporting. Furthermore, the MRV system will be aligned with other key tracking and reporting tools, such as the national carbon registry and the BTR framework. Additional improvements may include the introduction of enhanced functionalities to expand the depth and breadth of data monitoring. These efforts are designed to strengthen Cambodia’s climate governance and ensure compliance with evolving international reporting standards. By delivering comprehensive, transparent, and policy-relevant information, the upgraded system will play a crucial role in supporting effective climate action and reinforcing Cambodia’s leadership in climate transparency. 8.6. Sustainable Development Goals Alignment Climate change mitigation and adaptation are not only crucial to advance the achievement of SDG 13 (Climate action), but underpin the broader sustainable development agenda. The achievement of Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 will have direct implications for SDG 5 (Gender equality), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), 9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable cities and communities), 14 (Life under water) and 15 (Life on land) but also indirectly affect nearly all other Sustainable Development Goals, including poverty reduction (SDG 1), good health & wellbeing (SDG 3), job creation (SDG 8), reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and responsible consumption (SDG 12). The latest Sustainable Development Index26 points to stagnating progress on the majority of SDGs in Cambodia while the NDC X SDG Insights report27 by UNDP highlights the interlinkages of the Sustainable Development Goals and its NDC, reflecting a shared commitment to inclusive, resilient, and low-carbon development. Aligning SDG targets with climate priorities enhances policy coherence, ensuring that climate action simultaneously advances socio-economic goals. The analysis explored how integrated approaches can maximize development impact while accelerating progress toward both global agendas. The most strategic options for climate accelerators to support the most prominent development priorities have been identified in the following areas: investments in renewable energy drive productivity and job creation (SDG 8), infrastructure resilience (SDG 9), urban sustainability efforts link green spaces, public transport, and disaster risk reduction with inclusive urban growth (SDG 11), climate-resilient rural and social infrastructure supports equitable service access for vulnerable populations (SDG 10). The synergies between Cambodia’s development priorities and climate measures and targets are clearly highlighted in each measure provided in the detailed table in the annex. 26 https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/cambodia Cambodia's Path to Sustainability: Accelerating National Priorities through Climate Actions: 27 https://www.undp.org/cambodia/publications/cambodias-path-sustainability-accelerating-national-priorities- through-climate-actions 71 9. Conclusions Cambodia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (Cambodia’s NDC 3.0) stands as a clear reaffirmation of the country’s steadfast commitment to the Paris Agreement and global climate action. Despite its negligible contributions to global greenhouse gas emissions, Cambodia continues to demonstrate climate leadership through its progressive and forward- looking policies. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 builds on a strong foundation of previous climate commitments and aligns with national development priorities, including the Pentagonal Strategy – Phase I, the Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (2021), and the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2024–2033. This updated NDC reflects a significant increase in ambition compared to Updated NDC 2020. On mitigation, Cambodia has raised its GHG emissions reduction target from 41.7% in Updated NDC (compared to 2030 BAU scenario) to 55% (compared to 2035 BAU scenario) under the conditional scenario in NDC 3.0. This enhanced target is supported by a broader sectoral approach, covering energy, industry, agriculture, FOLU, and waste. On adaptation, the scope has been expanded to include new and critical sectors such as social protection, social services and child protection, and food systems, while strengthening existing areas like disaster risk management, WASH, and livelihoods, and air quality. These measures reflect a holistic and integrated approach to building resilience and ensuring that climate action supports sustainable development and human well-being. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 also signals a strong acceleration of implementation efforts. It emphasizes the importance of enabling conditions, such as governance, education, awareness raising, policy, planning and capacity building, and access to finance and technology, to ensure that climate goals are not only ambitious but also achievable. The focus on mobilizing international support and fostering private sector engagement further strengthens Cambodia’s readiness to act. Inclusivity is a defining feature of this NDC. Developed through a highly participatory process involving representatives from government, development partners, NGOs, private sector, it integrates gender equality, youth engagement, and the voices of Indigenous Peoples and persons with disabilities. The inclusion of a National Youth Statement and dedicated consultations on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) underscore Cambodia’s commitment to a just and equitable transition. In sum, Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 is a bold and inclusive roadmap that reflects the country’s growing ambition, readiness to accelerate action, and dedication to leaving no one behind in the fight against climate change. 72 A. Annex 1 – List of Measures MITIGATION MEASURES Indicator Cumulative Costing Lead Technology U,C, # Title GHG ER Co-benefits SDGs Cross Cutting topics [Mln LM Baseline indicator Targets MRV availability U/C28 [MtCO2e] USD] Energy29

1 Increase the MME Installed Capacity 72% RE installed RE Installed 15.335 (uncond) -Energy security, 7, 8, 9, GESI: Solar PV, 7672.2 U/C share of RE- 2020 (MW)/Share % in capacity capacity by Additional reduced reliance on 13 - Targeted training to Onshore wind, (U) + installed 2020 (unconditional), up to type per 10.223 (cond) imported fuels, job increase women’s Dam 5114.8 capacity to 72% Hydro/1329.7/33% 80% conditional annum creation, and rural participation in solar/wind reservoir/run (C) by 2035 Pump storage/0/0% [2026-2035] electrification. careers, tracking women in river and Waste senior roles (baseline 2021: (conditionally to Solar/296.8/7% Annual -Position the to Energy 21.5%) and sectoral 80% by 2035) BESS/0/0% Report of country as a employment (baseline 18% Wind/0/0% EAC regional leader in (EDC), 27% (EAC). Technology Biomass/30.57/1% clean energy, - Implement pro-poor transfer: LNG/0/0% attracting green tariffs and support Promoting local Coal/675/17% investments and community-owned RE- manufacturing Fuel oil/659/17% fostering projects and reskilling capacity and Import Laos/371/9% innovation. workers, create alternative knowledge Import Thailand livelihoods for communities sharing for 277.3/7% affected by coal phase-outs. solar, wind, and Import Vietnam PS: Mobilizing investment waste-to-energy 332.45/8% via PPPs, green incentives, technologies. Total/3971.988/100% and streamlined regulations.

2 Electrification of MME (2020) -% of villages EAC Annual 6.949 - Reduces fuel 1, 4, 5, Solar home 607.40 C rural areas to -370 villages without connected to national Report [2026-2035] dependency and 7, 8, 9, system (SHS), switch from national grid access grid: 99% improves essential 11, 12, AC microgrid diesel battery -97.39% villages -% of HHs connected services 13 solar battery - Supports climate- charging or connected to national to national grid: 99% charging station resilient livelihoods fossil-based grid: and boosts rural energy sources -2.91 Mln HHs economies by to national grid connected to national lowering energy electricity and grid costs and enabling renewable -81.06% of GGs 24/7 electricity energy connected to national access. grid - Creates green jobs for youth and income opportunities 28 U=unconditional, C=conditional, U/C=both unconditional and conditional 29 It includes the IPCC categories 1.A.1 Energy Industries and 1.A.4 Other sectors. 73

3 Improve supply- MME - HTLS conductors -HTLS conductors EDC Annual 2.738 - Improved air 7,8,9,1 GESI: Technology is 219.80 C side energy deployed: 0 km deployed: 500 km Report or [2026-2035] quality 3 - Training programs for mature and efficiency - High-efficiency (Cover ~10% of Project - Reduced power youth (especially women) globally available, through the transformers critical transmission Report outages and in grid technology but Cambodia adoption of grid deployed: 0 units corridors (prioritizing associated installation and should select cost-effective modernization - Technical high-loss areas). economic losses maintenance, creating solutions suited to technologies distribution losses: 8- -High-efficiency thanks to enhanced pathways to green jobs. its grid, climate, 12% (est) transformers grid reliability and - Partnerships with and development deployed: 5000 units. stability vocational schools to goals and ensure Replace 15-20% of - Improved energy integrate RE and smart proper aging distribution security and grid curricula. installation, transformers reduced import skilled operation, -Technical dependency for and maintenance. distribution losses: fossil fuels MME calls for ≤5.5% (~40% techno-economic reduction from evaluations baseline, aligning before adoption. with ASEAN best practices

4 Phase down coal- MME (2020) -No more new coal ETM Project 0 MtCO₂e -Mitigates water 3,7,8,9 GESI & PS: Solar, wind, 5 C fired power No more new coal investment policy = 1 Report stress, safeguarding ,13 - Target women and youth hydro, and plants investment policy -Number of early The phasing agricultural and from coal-dependent energy storage #of early retirements retirements of coal down community water communities through of coal power plant power plant with mitigation resources. reskilling programmes in -Improved air quality with capacity in MW = capacity in MW = 150 potential is renewable energy bolsters community

0 MW MW accounted (solar/wind installation, health resilience, 32 %of power -14% of power under the particularly for grid modernization) and generation from coal generation from coal other energy vulnerable groups. sustainable industries. power plants in total power plants in total mitigation - Fosters economic - Support young women power generation power generation policies, not resilience by creating pursuing technical here to avoid diversified green jobs degrees to build a gender- 4 coal power plants double and local supply balanced workforce with total installed counting. chains. through STEM capacity of 1,375 MW. - Support climate Scholarships. adaptation through - Prioritize young workers solar-powered health in RE projects, with clinics and disaster- quotas for women and resilient microgrids. support women-led - Enhances energy businesses in recycling security by diversifying coal plant materials or Cambodia’s power providing clean energy mix with renewables. services through microgrants.

5 Carbon Capture MME (2020) -240 GgCO₂e captured EDC Annual 4.891 - Revenue from waste 3, 7, 9, GESI & PS: Technologies 15.00 C and Utilization - 0 GgCO₂e captured and utilized Report or [2026-2035] CO₂ (estimated at $5– 12 - Develop specialized are available but (CCU) from Coal and utilized - USD 16 Million Project 10/ton for industrial courses in CCU require Power Plants - Private investment Private investment Report uses). technology for youth demonstration mobilized: USD 0 mobilized -Attracts (prioritizing female projects and international climate Million students) localization for tech investment, - Facilitate workshops cost reduction foster local R&D where international 74 through pilot experts mentor young projects, and open Cambodian engineers potential for carbon (50% female participation credit exports under target) Article 6. - Support female - Builds local entrepreneurs technical capacity - Mandate 30% and partnerships - Reduced air procurement from pollution, lower women/youth-owned water use, and businesses for CCU improved energy - Set workforce targets security. (40% women, 60% youth) - Improve of for CCU plant operations community health, - Include equal skilled green job representation of women creation, and support and youth in project for women’s planning economic roles through CO₂-based enterprises.

6 Adopt efficient MME Type of -National: 60% CSES Report 2.129 - Health 3, 5, 7, GESI: Improved 11.10 C and clean energy fuel/Cambodia/Phno - Rural: 50%, focus: or Project [2026-2035] improvements 13, 15 - % of households biomass stoves, for cooking m Penn/Other Biogas/LPG + efficient Report - Time savings, switching to clean biogas digesters, urban/Rural biomass stoves previously spent cooking solutions with LPG systems, - Phnom Penh: 98%, collecting firewood, clean cookstove, and electric Firewood/49.9/4.6/35. focus: LPG/electric creates income disaggregated by sex of induction 8/65.8 induction saturation opportunities HOH; cooktops are Charcoal/6.7/2.4/8.6/7 - Other urban: 95%: through women-led - # and % of women available, LPG/42.8//92.5/54.8/26 focus: LPG expansion enterprises in stove participating in the affordable, .7 + electric transition sales and design, promotion, adaptable to Publicly-provided maintenance distribution, and M&E of rural settings. electricity/City - Environmental cookstove adoption Additionally, power/0.5/0.4/0.6/0.4 protection by programs. digital tools and reducing demand training Total/100/100/100/100 for fuelwood programs -Eligibility for enhance CSES 2021 carbon credits accessibility and - Generation of jobs ensure - Reduced sustainable household energy adoption. costs, increased energy access & security

7 Energy MME Number of residential Number of residential MME Report 3.276 - Strengthens 5, 7, GESI & PS: Labelling of 6.3 U Efficiency designated appliances designated appliances [2026-2035] economic resilience 12, 13 - # women supported electrical Standards and with EE S&L: 0 in 2020 with EE S&L: 5 in 2035 and free up income through STEM regulated Labelling (S&L) for education, scholarships in EE appliances Program for healthcare engineering/design and comply with residential - Stimulates private - # women entrepreneurs MEPS for appliances sector innovation supported accessing in electrical and creating green the EE appliance value 75 jobs in chain regulated manufacturing, - # youth engaged in appliances retail, and vocational training, in compliance sectors. appliance manufacturing - Enhances regional and testing trade opportunities while ensuring, decreases reliance on fossil fuel imports, bolstering energy security

8 Energy MME Number of industrial Number of industrial MME Report 6.651 - Reduced industrial 7, 8, 9, GESI: - Establish 25.10 U Efficiency S&L designated appliances designated appliances [2026-2035] operating costs by 12, 13 - Targeted training for testing labs for Program for with EE S&L: 0 in 2020 with EE S&L: 3 in 2035 15-30% through women, support for Cambodia- Industrial lower energy bills. women-led SMEs as well specific designated - Creates demand as modernizing efficiency appliances for skilled equipment to reduce solutions technicians, physical strain in - Promote smart develops local factories metering and expertise - Developing youth AI-driven energy - Reduces industrial apprenticeship programs optimization water usage and funding youth-led - Develop through efficient innovations in industrial standards for cooling systems and IoT for monitoring. efficient electronic waste. PS: Concessional loans to equipment -Improves worker commercial customers refurbishment/r safety through for EE equipment and ecycling modernized, small manufacturers for temperature- equipment upgrades + regulated facilities creating EE demo hubs and creates higher- value jobs in green technology sectors

9 Establishment of MME Number report Digital Energy MME Report 4.807 - Improves 5, 7, 9, GESI: Promotes gender- Adoption of 84.70 C the digital published = 0 Balanced Established [2026-2035] collaboration 13, 16 inclusive recruitment in energy energy balance and operational between LMs and tech-driven energy roles monitoring linking with other institutions and establishes "green software, energy Number report reducing digital" career pathways integration with management published = 5 bureaucratic in energy informatics and digital program for the fragmentation. smart grid management infrastructure, building - Improved energy for youth and (MLMUPC), security & grid PS: New models for data cybersecurity Industry, and resilience sharing, market measures SME Sector - Accelerates opportunities for local Requires (MISTI) and innovation and tech startups, parallel others demonstrates performance-based investments in scalable models for contracts for ESCOs and cybersecurity digital governance certification for energy frameworks and auditors. data protection standards 76

10 Establishment of MME No National lighting National lighting code Government 1.202 - Reduced 5, 7, GESI: LED and 8.00 C Minimum Energy code prepared and reports [2026-2035] municipal energy 11, 12, - Targeted recruitment of efficient lighting Performance published bills, lower 13 women in technical roles, technologies are Standard (MEPS) maintenance costs safer street lighting for widely available for public - Job creation and reduced gender-based and cost- lighting opportunities for mobility restrictions effective local SMEs. - Digital skills - Enhanced public development in smart safety, reducing lighting controls and accidents and crime auditing certification rates. opportunities for youth - Reduced light PS: Incentives for local pollution improving manufacturing of EE urban livability. fixtures, reducing import - Lower GHG dependence. market emissions from expansion for suppliers reduced electricity and startups. demand.

11 Development of MLMU Baseline 2020: - 34%/25% energy MLMUPC 2.978 - Contribution to 3, 7, 8, GESI: Available and 142.60 C Building Energy PC No Building energy consumption annual report [2026-2035] decrease pollution / 11, 13 - Integrate gender- accessible in Code (BEC) Code reduction in Ozone damage responsive design into the Cambodia policy residential/ (with less harmful building code: ventilation (technology, commercial building know-how, framework & refrigerants for kitchen areas, safe - 20% of new costs), through inclusion of a buildings complies - Cooler buildings & night cooling access, knowledge Passive Cooling with BEC by 2030 Cities (lowering thermal comfort rates etc. documents, like strategies - Min 2%/y of existing UHIE) contributing - Prioritize women in PCS design performance total public and to better "Passive Cooling guidelines indicator commercial buildings Environment & Technician" training. 40% (official version with Passive Cooling well-being for all target released by mid- Strategies renovation - Support women-led 2025), PCS and comply with BEC businesses for certified Compendium, by 2030 Typology projects and the co-design - Min 10% of buildings Analysis Several renovated with social housing cooling Practitioners passive cooling solutions. Technical strategies, to comply - Develop Khmer- Trainings for with BEC by 2035 language apps for DIY PCS best - Pilots for 4 new cooling retrofits. practices buildings, 2 existing PS: including commercial Incentives & Subsidies, trainings of buildings, 2 public like tax rebates for BEC- trainers have buildings, 2 will be been delivered compliant projects, equipped with Passive Passive Cooling Cooling Strategies subsidies for local Strategies are -By 2028, 500 production of cooling under draft engineers trained in materials, ESCOs models, integration building energy Green Bonds (certified within assessment and "Cool Building" portfolios Architectural certification process for investors), create Design -By 2029, at least 100 "Cooling Material Hubs" Technical buildings certified for local suppliers, PPPs Regulation under BEC document. for bulk procurement: Lower costs by 20-30%. 77 Energy/Transport

12 Accelerate MPWT Modal share of urban Modal share of urban Track annual 0.3 The measure cuts 3, 5, 8, GESI: Proportion of Standard, fuel- Total: C integrated public public buses in 2035: public buses in 2035: ridership, [2026-2035] GHG emissions by 9, 10, children elderly, women, efficient, and 492 transport and 2.5% 15% trip length, shifting trips to 11, 13 and people with electric buses— CAPEX: low-carbon and vehicle cleaner, shared disabilities participating as well as e- 182.5 urban mobility kilometer modes, while in public transport ticketing in major cities travelled improving air consultations. systems—are OPEX: (VKM) using quality, reducing available, 309.5 city transport congestion, and Baseline: 10%, target 30% though data; report expanding access dedicated bus via MPWT; for women, low- lanes are periodic income groups, and lacking. audits. persons with disabilities.

13 Enforce MPWT No fuel efficiency and -National fuel Collect fuel 8.7 The measure cuts 3, 7, 9, PS: Activity to be Fuel-efficient Total: C regulations for emission standards efficiency and economy of [2026-2035] CO₂ emissions and 11, 12, undertaken in close ICE and hybrid 3.7 introducing fuel emission standards all improves air 13 cooperation with the technologies are CAPEX efficiency and adopted for ICE new/importe quality. It also private sector. already 0.8 emission vehicles in road d vehicles; lowers fuel costs, available but OPEX:2 standards for transport report in benefiting health remain .9 internal -50% of vehicle stocks MPWT and affordability— expensive. combustion in 2035 comply with annual especially for low- engine (ICE) fuel efficiency report; verify income groups. vehicles in road standards (30% via audits transport efficiency and cross- improvement) checks with Vehicle Identification Number ( VIN) and test data.

14 Develop an MPWT Centralized transport (i) 1 centralized Track vehicle 2.6 The platform 3, 5, 9, GESI: Improved data Digital MRV Total: C integrated, data platform: 0 transport data stock, [2026-2035] supports emissions 11, 13, enables gender- platforms and 7.4 centralized platform scrappage, reduction, 16, 17 responsive, inclusive vehicle CAPEX transport data (ii) 2/3 of inspection and enhances air transport planning by inspection data 1.4 platform to centers are capable of emissions via quality, and enables identifying mobility gaps systems are OPEX: enforce measuring and inspection more equitable and enhancing access and widely available 6 standards, tracking emissions; centers and service planning by safety for women and and can be built support planning (a) 80% of registered operator integrating data underserved groups. using modular, and MRV vehicles inspected. data; report across vehicle types cloud-based tracking (b) Vehicle kilometers in MPWT and transport solutions traveled (VKT) by annual services as well as tailored to vehicle and fuel types reports; predicting / national needs (c) GHG and non-CO2 verify using assessing impact of emissions (including customs and new transport black carbon) registration policies. records.

15 Scale up the MPWT E-2 wheelers: 8,650 Unconditional target Track EV 11.6 (Uncond) The measure cuts 3, 5, 7, GESI: Clean e-mobility Electric vehicles Total: C adoption of (i) E-2 wheelers: 35% uptake via 12.1 (Cond) GHG and air 9, 11, improves safe, affordable are increasingly 3,505 electric mobility E-3 wheelers: 2,375 of total motorcycle MPWT and pollutant 12, 13 access for women and available though 78 for low-carbon fleet registration emissions, lowers creates opportunities for they are 1.5 – 2 CAPEX road transport E-cars: 4,750 (ii) E-3 wheelers: 5% data; report [2026-2035] transport costs, and low-income and informal times more 3,131 of total tuk tuk fleet in MPWT improves public transport users. expensive than OPEX: (iii) Passenger e-cars: annual health outcomes, baseline US$ 5% of total car stock report; verify especially in dense PS: Activity to be vehicles 373.7 Conditional target: with utility urban areas. undertaken in close (i) Urban e-buses: records on cooperation with private 20% of public bus EV charging. sector players fleet

16 Shift long- MPWT Modal share Modal share Track rail 0.9 The modal shift 3, 5, 9, PS: Activity to be Rail Total: U distance freight (passenger and (passenger and passenger [2026-2035] lowers GHG 10, 11, undertaken in close infrastructure, 114.0 and passenger freight) of rail freight) of rail and freight emissions, reduces 13 cooperation with the diesel transport from transport: 0.03% transport: 5% volumes via road congestion private sector. locomotives, CAPEX road to rail MPWT and and accidents and and efficient 98.5 operators; air pollution, and freight wagons MRV improves the are proven OPEX: platform. reliability of freight technologies 15.5 and passenger with regional services. deployment experience.

17 Enhance MPWT Modal share Modal share Track vessel 19.1 It reduces fuel use 2, 5, 6, GESI: Improved transport Canal Total: U efficient and low- (passenger and (passenger and fuel use and [2026-2035] and emissions 7, 9, and water infrastructure construction 1,570 carbon freight) of waterborne freight) of waterborne distance through shorter 11, 13, boost access to markets and water waterborne transport: 2.5% transport: 6% saved via travel distances (up 14, 17 and services for women management CAPEX transport MPWT and to 80 km saved), and support livelihoods systems are 1,356 through Funan port data; while promoting for low-income, riverine proven Techo Canal MPWT cleaner shipping communities. applications in OPEX: annual and boosting many countries 213.1 report; verify agricultural trade PS: Activity to be for integrated through and eco-tourism undertaken in close transport and audits and cooperation with private multi-purpose GPS checks. sector players water management.

18 Improve SSCA 25 million passengers At least 80% of airline SSCA 1.9 Lowers emissions, 5, 9, GESI: Improved air Fuel-saving Total: U operational and 205,000 tonnes of operators comply submission. [2026-2035] reduces noise and 12, 13, services enhance mobility flight 4.3 efficiency and freight will be with the measure, air pollution 17 for women and expand procedures, environmental trafficked by air leading to reducing around airports, access for remote ground CAPEX improvements in transport emission of 13% and improves communities, supporting operations (e.g., 1.8 civil aviation compared to the overall air service inclusive economic and APU-off taxiing), baseline in 2035 efficiency. emergency response and sustainable OPEX: efforts. aviation fuels 2.5 commercially available and supported under ICAO guidance Energy/Manufacturing Industries and Construction

19 Energy MISTI 16.9 TWh electricity 24% saving on -Mandatory 7.5 -Reduction of mass 7,9,12. GESI: Available 570 C Management consumption electricity compared energy [2025-2035] emission load by 13 - % of women trained in Program to to BAU by 2035 performance 87%, from 251 kg of EE, energy management Enhance reporting for suspended and sustainable energy 79 Sustainable 18.6 TWh cumulative designated particulate matter technologies energy efficient savings 2025-2035 energy (SPM) to 33 kg SPM - prioritize energy in industries consumers -Enhanced energy efficiency measures that (above a security and also lead to improved certain reduced working conditions and threshold). - vulnerability to support women-owned Basic energy price and operated reporting by fluctuations for manufacturing SMEs to other industries. adopt EE measures factories -Improved operational reliability and cost- effectiveness of machinery.

20 Renewable and MISTI 30% of the wood is 100% wood is - Reports by 11.4 - Reduction in air 7,9,12, GESI: # of women in Readily 63.1 C efficient steam plantation wood sustainable. Of which factories. (0.09 non- pollution and 13, 15 technical fields available generation around 6% met by - MISTI CO2e support for (engineers and energy Average steam system methane recover annual emissions deforestation professionals) in efficiency is 42% from industrial waste reports from biomass) reduction efforts. developing regulations water. [2025-2035] - Potential for job for sustainable thermal creation in energy generation. Average steam system sustainable efficiency is 80% biomass supply chains and REN sectors. - Enhanced competitiveness for industries adopting greener practices

21 Transition to MISTI 72% of bricks are -74% bricks are Factory 5.1 (4.89 from - Reduction of local 3,7,9,1 Available 69.3 C energy efficient produced in produced by rotary reports and biomass and air pollution and 12, 13 brick kilns intermittent kilns, and the aggregated 0.09 non-CO2 improved public technology inefficient kilns. remainder in reports by biomass health. Average SEC is 6.37 improved MISTI emissions) - Better working MJ/brick intermittent kilns conditions for -Brick perforation is [2025-2035] laborers in brick optimized reducing kilns. clay mass in bricks. - Production of -Average SEC is 3.23 higher quality, MJ/brick diversified -5 million ton of wood products, lower savings. production costs - Reduced deforestation

22 Energy efficiency MISTI -Most factories use -All mills installed Mandatory 8.42 - Reduced air 7,9,12, N/A Available 50.3 C improvement in ball mills vertical roller mills, energy [2025-2035] pollution and lower 13 the cement -Clinker to cement waste heat recovery performance production costs. sector ratio is 90% and clinker ratio tracking as - Improved reduced to 75% per NEEP competitiveness. -RDF usage increasing - Job creation in 80 from 0 to 200,000 ton manufacturing, per year from 2030 installation, and onwards maintenance. - Reduced reliance on fossil fuels, leading to improved energy security and resilience against fuel price volatility - Enhanced operational stability

23 Convert Special MISTI Zero EIP - Establish national - Annual Park N/A - Reduced 6,7, 8, N/A Available 6 C Economic Zone MISTI EIP framework performance operational costs 9, 11, (SEZ)/ Industrial in 2025. monitoring and increased 12,13 Park (IP) into - Convert 1 SEZ/IP to a reports on productivity and 17 Eco-industrial recognized EIP by key competitiveness parks (EIPs) 2025 and 10 more by performance - Reduced pollution 2035 indicators as and GHG - Achieve contribution per national emissions, natural towards -20% framework. resource industrial efficiency - Biennial re- conservation and improvement by 2035 assessment improved waste compared to BAU and management - Achieve a waste-to- verification promoting a landfill ratio* below of EIP circular economy 50% by 2030, and performance - Improved below 25% by 2035, occupational health for all recognized and safety, EIPs. enhanced * e.g. the cumulative community well- amount of waste being. disposed at landfill divided by the total cumulative amount of waste generated by all EIP's tenants. IPPU

24 Transition to MISTI Clinker-to-cement Clinker-to-cement Track clinker 6.8 It also minimizes 9, 12, PS: Activity to be Supplementary Total U low-carbon ratio: 90% ratio: 75% content at the [2026-2035] resource extraction 13, 8, undertaken in close Cementitious 148.5 materials to plant level impacts, improves 5, 11 cooperation with the Materials (SCM) CAPEX: reduce clinker and calculate air quality, and private sector. blending 20 use in cement the national supports green jobs systems are OPEX: production (annual) in material globally proven 128.5 average using processing and and already cement construction. available production data 81

25 HFC Phase-down MoE Projected emissions Unconditional: 56% Track the 1.8 (Uncond) It contributes to 3, 5, 7, GESI: % of women Low-GWP Uncon U/C in cooling by in 2035: 0.62 tCO2e GHG reduction by consumption 2.4 (Cond) improved air 8, 9, technicians trained in refrigerant d: transitioning to from projected 2035 of HFCs, as [2026-2035] quality, reduces 12, 13 cooling and refrigeration technologies— Total: low-GWP levels. per MoE energy demand, technologies. Baseline: such as CO₂, R- 35.2 alternatives Verification and creates green 0%; target: 10% 290, and HFOs— CAPEX: Conditional: 72% Reports on jobs in cooling are 29.6 GHG reduction by HFCs services and PS: Potential for carbon commercially OPEX: from projected 2035 consumption equipment financing available yet 5.6 levels. to UNEP maintenance. expensive. Cond: Total: 76.3 CAPEX: 68.2 OPEX: 8.1 Agriculture

26 Increase the MAFF (2025): 1) Reduce chemical National 7.07 -Reduced input 2, 6, -Laser Land 129.75 C adoption of 1) 335 kg/ha for non- fertilizer of 15% by Assessment [2021-2035] costs and improved 13, 1, Leveling management and photosensitive rice 2035 of 2 million reports yield stability in 12, 15 -Solar-Powered intermittent varieties and the total hectare of non- drought-prone or Irrigation flooding in rice fertilizer use in a total photosensitive rice water-scarce areas. -Digital Tools fields of 670,000 ton of varieties. -Enhanced soil and Smart which including: 2) Increase the health by reducing Irrigation Urea 340,000 ton, substitute use of waterlogging and DAP: 130,000 ton, biochar/ organic promoting better KCL:200,000 ton fertilizer of 15% of root growth. 2) Most farmers apply non- photosensitive -Increased continuous flooding rice varieties. resilience of in irrigated rice 3) 90.000 ha of rice smallholder production managed using farmers to water intermittent flooding stress and climate practices (e.g., AWD, variability. midseason drainage -Improved gender etc.), and SRP. participation when water-saving technologies.

27 Increase MAFF (2025): 0 By 2035, 100.000 ha of The N/A -Significant labor 2, 6, GESI: -Manual and 61.1875 C Mechanized rice cultivation area assessment savings, especially 13, 8 - Promote equitable motorized seed Direct Seeded- under mDSR of adoption in transplanting access to mechanization drills (2-wheel Rice (mDSR) rates in season services for women- and 4-wheel target areas -Reduction in headed households and tractor- including methane emissions. marginalized farmers. mounted) quantificatio -Lower disturbance - Involve women in -Laser land n of water improves structure extension training, leveling consumption and organic matter decision-making, and equipment used for -Faster crop ownership models. (supported in establishmen maturity and - Link mDSR programs to Battambang, t of rice crop potential for youth entrepreneurship Kampong Thom, increased cropping (e.g., business incubation and Takeo etc.) intensity for machinery rental -Rotary tillers 82 -DSR saves services). and disc significant PS: Leverage PPPs to harrows for dry irrigation water and increase supply and land preparation contributes to less maintenance of mDSR labour intensive equipment. and time.

28 Enhance rice MAFF 1) 25% burning in the By 2035: Initial 0.88 -Biochar and 2, 7, GESI & PS: -Mulching, 23.5 C straw field (IRRI, 2019) 1) 75% of rice baseline [2021-2035] mulching help 12, 13, - Create youth-led mushroom and management 2) 20% incorporated production areas is assessment retain soil moisture 15 microenterprises in straw horticulture practices into the soils (2021) collected for for recording -Improve air quality collection, composting, production. 3) 55% Collected for alternative uses; of potential by reducing mushroom production, or -Rice straw- alternative purposes 2) 25% of the area, mix of harmful emissions briquetting. based livestock (2021) rice is incorporated practices; from straw burning - Link straw-based feed through into soils. annual -Collected rice enterprises to business nutrient 3). At least 20% of assessment straw can be used incubation centers and fortification smallholders adopted of adoption as cattle feedstock, technical schools for techniques. compost making after rates for material for start-up support. -Biochar training per year alternative furniture, substrate production uses and soil for mushroom incorporatio production, n. feedstock for bioenergy, pulp/paper production.

29 Increase MAFF By 2035, 40% of The N/A -Reduced fertilizer 2, 6, GESI & PS: - Soil testing 8.1 C adoption of annual cropland assessment / costs, higher 12, 13, - Support youth-led agri- laboratories integrated and (equivalent to 756,985 publication returns per hectare 15 service businesses for soil -GIS-based soil site-specific ha) adopted of the -Improved yields testing and fertilizer maps nutrient integrated and site- adoption of and reduced application management specific nutrient the nutrient - Engage agro-dealers in management integrated deficiencies ISSNM awareness and nutrient -Reduced N₂O bundled product delivery management emissions from over-application -Supports adaptation through improved soil moisture and plant health

30 Introduce agro- MAFF (2025): The cultivated By 2035 Mid-term N/A -Enhance dietary 2, 13, GESI: Empower women, - Conservation 18.2 C ecological of the sustainable - At least 16000 ha of review of the diversity and local 15, 1, indigenous communities, Tillage and No- practices, land agriculture, agro- the agriculture NDC 3.0 to be food availability 12 and marginalized groups. Till Equipment productivities ecological practices production applied conducted to -Climate Ensuring equitable access -Water-Saving information including on 2,508 ha. the Agro-ecological evaluate the to land, resources, Irrigation services, like reducing tillage practices, application seasonal training, and decision- Technologies and sustainable Conservation of the CA/SI forecasting and making roles is critical to -Digital Tools agriculture (such Agriculture, Climate and AE in EWS. maximizing benefits and and Decision as mulching, Smart Practices. Cambodia. -Promotes inclusivity. Support Systems cover cropping, - 30 % of women collective action, crop rotations, farmers trained in and social safety nets in vulnerable 83 alternative agroecological farming crops) practices, reduced communities. tillage, improved soil -Diversification of structure, enhanced livelihood options, increasing soil moisture household income retention, and stability. reduced erosion.

31 Improve animal MAFF (2020) (2035) -Reporting by 9.27 - Reducing 5, 6, 7, GESI: - Anaerobic 63 C waste 28,683 biodigesters -100% increase in National [2021-2035] environmental 13, 15 - Reduce women’s labor digestion management for constructed. commercial pig Biogas pollution and burden in fuel collection -Composting soil Projected number population after 2020 Programme public health risks. and lowers health risks -Biochar - Enhance soil improvement (from 2021 to 2025): using biogas -Swine -5-yearly from indoor smoke, Production. fertility, improve and rural energy An estimated 4,588 population is growing survey of moisture retention, allowing them more time - Manure biodigesters by 6% until 2030, and commercial and increase crop for productive or leisure Storage constructed annually. of about 3% from 2030 pig farm resilience to activities. - Precision Projected baseline onwards management drought. - Create job opportunities Application for (2025): 51,623 -25% of commercial practices, of - Reduces for youth in biogas efficient manure biodigesters cattle population commercial dependence on technology provision and spreading to constructed. using biogas cattle farm synthetic fertilizers, related businesses. minimize -Household management lowering pollution. production costs biodigester (cattle + practices PS: Recognizes the - Nutrient and diversifying pig): 65000 units in -Compost farmer income. private sector as the Recovery 2030, 97000 in 2035 promotion - Replaces firewood primary provider and -Bioenergy -Cattle population is programme and fossil fuels, driver of biogas Feedstock growing by 1.5%/y in monitoring supporting forest technology adoption. -Advanced 2022- 2030, and by and conservation and Treatment, such 0.8%/y from 2030 to evaluation climate mitigation. as filtration or 2050 system data - Eases fuel wetlands to -BTR collection for clean manure women, reduces -MAFF effluents. exposure to indoor Annual smoke, and frees Report time for productive or caregiving tasks.

32 Improve fodder MAFF (2020) (2035) -5-yearly 0.57 - Better feeding 1, 2, GESI: Support women’s Skills and 0.5 C and feeding for -Cattle population: -5% of the household surveys that [2021-2035] improves farm 13, 5, roles in cattle raising by knowledge for livestock 2,836,536 head other cattle is assess the income and 12, 15 actively involving them in forage production adopted conventional receiving better diet resilience to market training programs and production and practices of livestock feeding practices, or composition shocks. farm decision-making livestock feeding productions about 201 391 heads. of cattle on - Fodder processes. are available, -Projected Population: -30% of women household- conservation quality seed and 2025: 3 598 420 head, livestock farmers scale farms. supports livestock PS: Encourage farms and vegetative 2030: 3 870 503 head trained on the -BTR productivity during SMEs to participate in planting -Population is adoption of feed -MAFF dry seasons and quality seed and material can be growing by 1.5% per additives in cattle Annual climate extremes. vegetative matter locally sourced. year between 2022 production systems Report - Reduces women’s production, while agro- Further and 2030, and by 0.8% time spent sourcing dealers supply research is per year from 2030 feed, freeing time supplements and needed to assess onwards for other activities. additives to improve feed the methane- - Support climate- efficiency. reducing resilient, potential of 84 productive, and emerging feed gender-sensitive additives. livestock systems.

33 Improve Good MAFF (2025): (2035): The record 0.002 -Enhance 1, 3, 5, GESI: Develop training- -Cover cropping 2.50 C Agricultural 100 ha piloted GAP 1) 50,000 ha Increased on the [2021-2035] productivity, 10, 13, of-trainers (ToT) and mulching Practices (GAP) and SNR located in of harvested areas of reduction of improve soil 15 programs and ensure the -Compost and and Sustainable Mondulkiri and SNR and GAP emission fertility and carbon youth groups, women and organic Natural Rubber Ratanakiri province (Nutrient from N storage. -High- minorities group involved fertilizers (SNR) management and fertilizer, quality rubber for in the capacity -Protective gear rubber wood) Pesticide and markets, and development. and safety Herbicide promote safer, measures fairer labor -Low Frequency conditions. Tapping

34 Introduce MAFF (2025): 0 ha (2035): 1) Biomass N/A Enhances 1, 12, GESI: - Double row 1.00 C agroforestry 1) 2000 ha increment biodiversity, 13, 15 - Promotes equal access to spacing practices on agroforestry practices 2) Volume of diversifies income, resources, training, and - Cover cropping rubber-high on rubber-high value merchantabl and reduces benefits for women and and mulching value timber for timber for e of high reliance on latex marginalized groups. - Pruning and smallholders smallholders value timber alone. It canopy strengthens climate management resilience, - Post harvest of improves soil wood product health, and supports long-term sustainability.

35 Introduce MAFF (2025): 0 ha (2035): 150,000 1) Clear N/A 1) Provides 1, 7, GESI: - Climate smart 1.00 C sustainable hectare of rubber cutting and smallholders with 13 - Inclusive value chain agriculture rubber wood plantation improved replanted an alternative development can - Planning for areas harvesting sustainable rubber revenue stream enhance women’s roles in rubber guideline and wood production from rubber wood timber processing, plantation manuals 2) GDR products. marketing, and enterprise - Post harvesting annual 2) Enhance micro development. technique for reporting and small - Promotes access to rubber wood 3) MAFF enterprises training and fair benefit- reporting in (furniture, biomass sharing mechanisms line with the energy, crafts) in among the local NDC tracking rural areas producers, youth and system women

36 Sustainable MAFF (2025): 0 factory Target (2035): 1)Assessment N/A 7, 9, - Improved 12.00 C Energy Shift in renewal and energy By 2035: 10 factories and database 13 Broiler Rubber efficiency in rubber improved renewal system to Efficiency Processing processing and energy efficiency document - Biomass-Fired factory for solar drying in Hot Air improve rubber renewable Generators energy - Solar-Assisted 2) Document Drying Systems and report of the volume of natural forest wood avoided (m³/year) 85 FOLU

37 Reduce MoE Average of the years Target: -Biennial 124.25 - Enhance 8, 13, GESI: Cambodia 81.55 U/C deforestation 2014-2020: annual 50% reduction of forest cover biodiversity, 14, 15 - % of women in forest Environmental through REDD+ deforestation rate - deforestation rate by reports from [2026-2035] indigenous groups, communities and Management Mechanism and 2.58% (REDD+ forest 2030 and stop by 2045. MoE & MAFF and local protected areas Information other measures definition) and -2.19% 60% reduction by 2035 reported communities participating in programs System (CEMIS), (national forest through through PA, CPA, of the National REDD+ National Forest definition) Unconditional NDC: CEMIS CF, CFi, and law Strategy Action and Monitoring 15% reduction of -BTRs enforcement. Investment Plan. System; deforestation rate by - Enhancement of -% of IP women involved Safeguards 2030 and 40% by 2050 climate change in FPIC processes (free, Information mitigation. prior and informed System; REDD+ -Improvement of consent of indigenous Project ecosystem services, people) and REDD+ Databased/ cultural consultations and benefit registry preservation and sharing livelihoods - % of women and improvement, indigenous farmers community trained and engaged in empowerment and forest monitoring and participation. reporting (e.g., use of digital tools). - % of women and IPs engaged in sustainable local livelihoods, including forest products and ecotourism (based on FPIC)

38 Transitioning to MAFF GFT and Brick -At least 30% by 2030 Remote 7.5 It is an enabling 7, 12, 63.85 C Certified and Manufacturing and 80% by 2035 of sensing, GIS, [2026-2035] action to reduce 13 Sustainable sectors use fuelwood wood used for energy and CEMIS to deforestation) Wood Energy harvested through and feedstock in the monitor and Feedstock unregulated sources, GFT sector and other land-use The shift to primarily through targeted export- changes, certified deforestation of oriented industries is track sustainable natural forests. sourced from certified fuelwood enhances certified sustainable wood use, rural livelihoods, plantations or verified and supports industrial legal and sustainable strengthen decarbonization, sources. national ensures market (2030) registries compliance, - Regulations are in through reduces risks, and place and enforced. recognized unlocks climate -SOPs for certification finance establishment and/or schemes. opportunities. management of sustainable MAFF/FA plantations or verified regular legal and sustainable reports sources are established. 86 (2035) -A fully operational national wood certification system and traceability mechanism is established and widely adopted.

39 Expand forest MoE (2020): 50,000 ha of 1.6 million ha of Biennial 82.87 Enhance ecosystem 8, 13, GESI: % of women and CEMIS, National 452.00 U/C cover through forest plantations forest plantations by forest cover [2026-2035] restoration and 14, 15 indigenous farmers Forest afforestation and 2050. 600,000 ha of reports from resilience, natural trained in forest Monitoring reforestation forest plantations by MoE habitats of monitoring and reporting System; activities(A/R) 2035. biodiversity, and (e.g., use of digital tools). Safeguards 220,000 ha of BTR carbon Information deforested, bare land, sequestration. System; REDD+ and open area to be Inclusive Project ARR by 2035. stakeholder Databased/ Unconditional NDC: engagement and registry, 30,000 ha A/R by 2050 enhancing Forest Inventory community and Forest resilience. Resources Improve assessment sustainable livelihoods, access to carbon finance and market opportunities.

40 Increase forest MoE (2024): 22,000 ha -1.1 million ha of Biennial 11.37 Enhance ecosystem 8, 13, GESI: CEMIS, National 183.12 U/C carbon stocks reforested ANR/forest forest cover [2026-2035] restoration and 14, 15 - % of women farmers Forest through assisted restoration by 2050 reports from resilience, natural trained in forest Monitoring natural and/or 450,000 ha of MoE habitats of monitoring and reporting System; regeneration ANR/forest biodiversity, and using digital tools Safeguards (ANR) and other restoration by 2035. BTR carbon - # of women community Information forest -A total of 56,900 ha of sequestration. leaders participating in System; REDD+ restoration flooded forest Inclusive forest restoration Project measures improved stakeholder planning and forest Databased/ management, engagement and rehabilitation for PAs registry, governance and enhancing Forest Inventory restored by the year community and Forest 2035. resilience. Resources -A total of 4,080 ha of Improve assessment mangrove forest sustainable improved livelihoods, access management, to carbon finance governance and and market restored by the year opportunities. 2035. Unconditional NDC: 30,000 ha of ANR and native forest restoration by 2050 87

41 Incorporate good MoE (2025): - All forest land, REDD+ 67.03 Enhance 8, 13, GESI: Cambodia 106.62 U/C and/or improved 1) 530 498 ha under including PAs, CFs, progress biodiversity, restore 14, 15 - % of women and Environmental forest the management of CPAs, and Cfis will be reports [2026-2035] degraded indigenous farmers Management management CF brought under ecosystems, and trained in forest Information System (CEMIS), practices to improved Forest BTR improve ecological monitoring and reporting National Forest enhance forest 2) 87755 ha of CF Management Plans by integrity. (e.g., use of digital tools) Monitoring carbon stocks as under CFMP. 2050. 60% by 2035. Enhanced carbon - # of women community System; well as -2 million ha CF by sequestration and leaders participating in Safeguards ecosystem 3) 26000 ha under IFM 2029. emissions improved forest Information integrity for sustainable wood 30,000 ha developed reduction, and management System; REDD+ harvesting /under Community ecosystem services. Project Forestry Management Strengthen tenure Databased/ Plan security and registry - 150,000 ha applied empower local Fire sustainable rubber communities. Management wood harvesting by Enhance Forest 2035. sustainable Management - 520,513 ha Improve livelihoods and Plan Forest management income generation. for sustainable wood Access to carbon harvesting by 2035 finance and green Unconditional NDC: markets. 15% of forests under forest management by 2030 and 40% by 2050

42 Introduce and MAFF (2025): 1852 ha under -50,000 ha by 2025, REDD+ 1.11 Enhanced 2, 8, GESI: CEMIS, National 56.90 U/C promote agroforestry and 160,000 ha of progress [2026-2035] biodiversity, 12, 13, - % of women farmers Forest agroforestry management (project agricultural land by reports improved soil and 15 trained in agroforestry Monitoring supported) 2050 water quality. practices, sustainable System; Safeguards -18000 agroforestry BTR Empower local land use, from farmer Information practices by 2035 communities, field schools System; REDD+ - 2000 ha of rubber improve nutrition, - % of Indigenous Peoples Project plantation piloted and food security. supported to document Databased/ agroforestry practices Diversified income TEK in agroforestry registry by 2035. streams, market % IPs engaged in learning Community accesses and exchanges on traditional Forestry Unconditional NDC: finance incentives. and contemporary Management 5,000ha of agriculture Improve farm agroforestry practices Plan Enrichment land by 2050 products and Planting climate resilience. Sylviculture practices Agroforestry Waste

43 Implement solid MoE 1) Average waste per 1)MSW generation -Waste 5.54 -Reduced 8,12, GESI: EPR scheme on Total: U waste reduction capita ratio in 2020 is per capita to 0.84 reports, [2026-2035] environmental 14,15 - Adopt a gender plastic in place 53.423 strategies, and 0.78kg/capita /day (vs kg/capita/day by 2030 audits, and pollution and responsive Social in Vietnam pollution control 0.73kg/capita /day in and maintain below ≤ national groundwater/surfac Behavior Change and CAPEX: measures 2015) 0.86 kg/capita/day by surveys e water Communications strategy SUP ban in place 1.080 2035 through waste - Market contamination targeting at least one in China and 88 2) 546,000 tons of management surveys, - Enhanced national awareness phase-out SUP plastic generated in practices (especially regulatory biodiversity and campaigns per year. bans in Malaysia OPEX: 2022 in Cambodia food waste), recycling enforcement, ecosystem - 50% of women and and Vietnam. 52.343 programs, and public and industry protection youth participating in awareness data. - Support for green community-based campaigns. - Monitor SMEs and awareness/ education 2)Limit the plastic carefully industries, programs and behavior waste generation to waste especially in change campaigns on 400.000t/y by 2035 by pollution in recycling, eco- waste reduction strategies enforcing a ban on the design, and plastic (4R) Single Use Plastic and vulnerable alternatives - Target: 3 new inclusive strengthening EPR areas such as - Job creation in and gender responsive schemes. coastal or recycling, repair, policies and plans for 3)Conduct research tourism and material waste management on alternatives to areas. innovation sectors replace plastics using - Strengthened locally available regulatory materials. frameworks, such as EPR and SUP bans

44 Waste collection MoE 1) 0% of MSW is 1) 25% of MSW -Annual 5.37 -Improve air quality 11,12 GESI: Organic waste Total: C and segregation segregated at source collected is household [2026-2035] -Prolong the - Adopt a gender collection trucks 62.640 at source (at at households’ level in segregated at source surveys capacity of landfill responsive Social available CAPEX: households, 2024. (at households, -Track the sites, and create Behavior Change and regionally and 16.807 schools, markets, schools, number of added value Communications strategy with limited OPEX: restaurants/hotels markets, 2) In Phnom Penh, an levels) in at least 5 schools with opportunities for in segregation at source availability in 45.833 restaurants/hote average citywide cities (excluding waste organic waste and awareness raising Cambodia ls levels) collection rate of 75% Phnom Penh) by 2027 segregation recyclables campaigns. Target: 100% (mostly standard is reported. For and scaling up to at at source - Creation of green of the campaigns are trucks secondary cities, this least 50% nationwide system. jobs in waste gender responsive. retrofitted) rate falls below 50% by 2035. - Collect collection, sorting, - 50% of women and It should be for households. 2) 75% of total gender- recycling, and youth participating in compactor population have disaggregate composting. community-based trucks with access to regular 3) 25% of total d data and - Greater public awareness/ education separate household waste population is burning collection service by conduct awareness and programs and behavior compartments waste in 2020 (MOE). 2035. gender behavioural change change campaigns on or dedicated 3) Reduce % of total analysis in - Enhanced data waste reduction strategies organics-only population that waste collection and (4R). trucks (equipped practice open burning management monitoring PS: this measure requires with leak-proof of waste from 25% projects. capacity local government to work containers and (2020) to 10% (2035). closely with private odour control Enforce open burning operators by integrating systems). restrictions through segregation at source in sub-national regulations and waste collection contracts penalty mechanisms in at least 10 provinces by 2030, scaling nationwide by 2035.

45 Increase MoE 1) About 73.000t/y of 1) 600.000 t/y of Weighbridge 1.84 - Create alternatives 8,9,12, GESI: Composting: Total: C capacities for organic waste are organic waste (or 25% s at treatment [2026-2035] to synthetic 15 - create job opportunities technology 221.233 89 organic waste entering composting or total organic waste facilities, fertilizers and for women in formal available in CAPEX: processing and/or biological fraction) are waste enhanced waste economy. Target: Cambodia (both 29.233 treatment facilities in processed through composition biodiversity and At least 30% of the industrial and OPEX: 2024. dedicated facilities. studies, and soil ecosystems workforce are women. community 192.000 This includes annual - Reduced odour - 50,000 women and based) composting, facility and pest issues near people from marginalised anaerobic digestion, audits. landfills and in groups trained on Anaerobic and other biological - Annual neighbourhoods community and home- digestion: Small treatment techniques. reports - - Job creation in based organic waste to medium scale Breakdown: provided by composting composting, particularly biodigesters - 550,000 t/y to be each facility operations and in urban and peri-urban available in processed in - Surveys income areas. Cambodia dedicated municipal opportunities from PS: Incentives can attract and regional facilities. selling investments in organic Industrial - 50,000 t/y diverted - Increased crop waste recycling. Target: at biodigesters through community- yields and least one incentive to available in based composting resilience through encourage private China. programs in rural improved soil investment in this field areas, focusing on structure and farmers' participation nutrient retention - Enhanced community participation in waste solutions - Enhanced capacity of local governments

46 Introduce MoE 1) No RDF production 1) By 2030, to - Operator 1.44 - Renewable energy 7,11, GESI: RDF and WtE - Total: C alternative SWM from MSW as of 2024 establish RDF reports and [2026-2035] generation 12 - At least 30% of the Available in 375.976 processing at processing facilities to energy - Job creation in the workforce across all Thailand, CAPEX: existing landfills 2) No WtE production convert at least production construction, levels in the waste Malaysia, 331.853 200.000 t/y of fresh or as of 2024 data. operation, and management sector are Indonesia. RDF OPEX: old MSW (non- organic fraction only) maintenance of women. is used in 64.123 3) In 2021, the into RDF for RDF and WtE - Anticipate and integrate cement kilns in capacity of the industrial use. facilities. impacts of new waste Cambodia. Medical Waste 2) By 2035, to - Incentivisation of infrastructure on the Management Unit construct and formal waste informal waste sector by (MWMU) was 2 operationalise at least management including informal tons/day. Meanwhile 1 large-scale WtE systems. workers association in the total amount of facility to process - Technology and consultation meetings 300.000 t/y of mixed medical waste was capacity about new infrastructure MSW to generate estimated at 4 electricity, to achieve development in (landfill, MBT, WtE, RDF) tons/day in 2021, a 30% reduction in modern waste PS: to attract private versus 1ton/day in MSW disposed in treatment systems investment in waste and 2016. landfills, and to energy infrastructure increase the capacity through PPPs of MWMU to at least 8 t/day, to face the growing amount of medical waste. 90

47 Landfill MoE 1) 11 controlled 1) Increase by 50% - Every 2-3 6.40 - Reduction in 8,9,11 GESI: - Capping Total: C management landfills in use in 2024 the share of waste years [2026-2035] environmental - Increase women’s system (HDPE 18.162 totaling a capacity of disposed at controlled evaluate the pollution caused by leadership and geomembrane, CAPEX: 4,486,000 m3. Two and sanitary landfills effectiveness illegal dumping participation in decision- clay layers...) - 14.464 others-controlled by 2035. Support the of landfill - Odour control and making. Target: 30% of available via OPEX: landfills are in MoE's interim operations reduced risk of fires women participation in local 3.698 progress in 2025 for strategy to establish and waste-to- and landfill consultation in waste contractors. an additional capacity necessary dumpsite energy collapse sector planning. of 988,000 m3. locations in projects and - Reduced health - 30% of women and - Leachate underserved areas to assess waste risks to people from marginalised collection 2) 0 dumpsites have address immediate composition communities and groups in formal landfill- systems, landfill been properly closed waste management - sanitary waste pickers related jobs. gas venting and as of 2024. needs. landfills - Job creation in - Provide training on passive flaring 2) Launch a National annual landfill occupational health and system, LFG 3) No landfill gas Plan for Dumpsite reports. construction, safety risks for women, extraction: (LFG) extraction Closure and operation, and site men and children, and technologies: technology has been Transition, to rehabilitation safety protocols available implemented yet as of rehabilitate/upgrade - Anticipate and integrate regionally 2024. at least 2 dumpsites/y. impacts of new waste Prioritize sites where infrastructure on MBT: 4) As of 2024, the controlled and/or informal waste sector by - Anaerobic average organic sanitary landfills or including informal digestion content of landfill improved alternatives workers association in systems and waste is 55%. become available. consultation meetings composting - 3) By 2027, Ensure about new infrastructure Available in LFG extraction (landfill, MBT, WtE, RDF) Cambodia technology is installed and operational at the PS: to demonstrate the new Phnom Penh economic viability of LFG regional sanitary extraction landfill, which should start operating in 2025. 4) Assess the feasibility of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) technologies for pre- treatment of waste prior to disposal. Target reducing the organic content of landfilled waste to < 20% by 2035.

48 Improve textile MoE (1) 1) In 2024, less than 1) 80% of PITW is - Textile 0.69 - Improved air- 4, 8, GESI: Textile waste Total: U waste and 20% of post-industrial traceable, recorded, waste [2026-2035] quality 9,12 - Increase in women in recycling 14.505 management MISTI textile waste (PITW) is and sent to recyclers, operators - Reduced formal employment in technology CAPEX: capacities (2) traceable and directly or through quarterly microplastic the textile waste sector. available in 6.782 recycled registered waste reports. leakage Target: 20% Cambodia OPEX: collectors and - Data from - Job creation and - 40% of women 7.723 2) As of 2024, 21 aggregators. Cambodian upskilling in textile participating in textile 91 factories and 13 waste Garment waste collection, waste segregation handlers were trained 2) 40% of garment Training sorting and training in factories. about sustainable factories have Institute recycling PS: implement incentives textile waste received at least one (CGTI) - Stimulate to attract more textile management in external training on innovation and recyclers in Cambodia. Cambodia. textile waste investment in Target: at least one management textile recycling incentive to encourage technologies. private investment in this - Improved field traceability and transparency in textile waste flows - Enable EPR design for the textile industry

49 Industrial MISTI 1) 1337 GFT and 1) 100% of GFT and - Annual site 3.05 - Reduced water 9,12, PS: implement incentives IWW treatment Total: U wastewater leather factories in leather factories are visits and [2026-2035] pollution in surface 14,15 to attract investment in plant: 49.904 (IWW) Cambodia in 2024. connected to a registry. and groundwater biogas recovery technology CAPEX: management - 871 garment centralized - Annual - Decreased risk of technology from available in 43.265 factories, 109 textile wastewater treatment report, incl. waterborne wastewater. Private sector Cambodia OPEX: factories (12 washing plant (or equipped data on the diseases in can play a role in the (including 6.639 factories), 356: with their own plant capacity and communities setup of medium to larger biogas recovery) Leather & products in specific cases). operational located near scale biomass from leather factories status of the industrial zones installation. 2) 12 large beer & soft 2) Increase by 100% wastewater - Reduced odor and drink factories in the number of treatment pest issues. Cambodia in 2024. At industrial wastewater plants. - Potential cost least 3 are producing treatment plants savings for biogas with producing biogas. industries. wastewater treatment - Support plants. sustainable industrial development, especially in eco- industrial parks and cleaner production schemes 92 ADAPTATION MEASURES Indicator Costing Resilience building Crosscutting Technology U, C, # Title Lead LM Baseline Co-benefits SDGs [Mln Targets MRV potential topics availability U/C indicator USD] Energy

1 Enhance MME 0 (2020) -100% of high-risk 1) Share of It strengthens energy - Economic 5, 7, GESI: promote Climate- 43 C Climate-Proof assets reinforced by transmission system reliability Development & Job 9, 11, women’s resilient Energy 2035. lines, during climate-induced Creation 13 participation in transmission Infrastructure -50% fewer climate- substations, disruptions, ensuring - Social & Health climate risk and lines, modular linked outages by and power energy access for Improvements: energy substations, 2035 compared to plants households, hospitals, - Environmental maintenance; offers automated baseline. retrofitted and essential services, Protection: water vocational programs grid 2) Annual and it integrates conservation (20% on advanced monitoring, decrease in automated early savings in hydropower adaptation and early outage warning systems, reservoirs), lower fossil technologies. warning duration and protects urban and fuel dependency PS: encourage local systems are frequency rural energy networks - Institutional & production of locally caused by from climate shocks, Technological resilient scalable and extreme and sets best practices Advancement infrastructure regionally weather for climate-proofing - Knowledge transfer via materials; attracts available 3) Water transport, water, and vocational training in investors by savings digital infrastructure. resilient infrastructure showcasing technologies innovation in EDC report climate-resilient energy solutions.

2 Strengthen Grid MME 0 (2020) -80% of high-priority 1) Climate- Enhances capacity to - Generates skilled 5, 7, PS: Local Advanced 34.2 C Resilience & infrastructure Resilient respond to extreme employment, stimulates 9, 11, employment in metering Monitoring reinforced by 2030. Infrastructure weather events and local markets for 13 infrastructure infrastructure -Reduce restoration Deployment ensures reliable climate-resilient hardening (e.g., , climate- time by 60% Rate electricity supply, technology_ retrofitting resilient compared to pre- 2) Grid particularly for - Ensures hospitals, transmission lines, cables, and initiative baselines by Recovery essential services and water pumps, and constructing flood- substation 2035. Speed Post- climate-vulnerable emergency services proof substations) protection -90% of high-risk Disasters communities. maintain power during and hybrid system relays faults identified ≥2 3) Predictive disasters installation hours pre-disruption System - Environmental & by 2035. Effectiveness Climate Co-Benefits (enable higher shares of EDC and EAC variable solar/wind Reports power)

3 Enhance MME 0 (2020) 1. Achieve ≤30- 1. Early Builds long-term - Economic & Workforce 4, 5, GESI: Digital 1.5 C Preparedness & minute response time Warning adaptive capacity, Development 7, 13, - Targets 30% female platforms for Capacity for 90% of warnings System ensuring that energy - Standardized 16 participation in training, Building in the by 2035 Effectiveness sector institutions can emergency protocols technical training ESWs in Energy sector 2. 75% of critical 2.Workforce anticipate, respond to, improve collaboration - Equips local synergy with personnel trained Climate and recover from between MME, disaster leaders with the tools used and certified by 2027 Competency climate impacts and agencies, and local knowledge to in disaster 3. 100% of new 3. Climate- emergencies. governments- coordinate during risk 93 projects meet climate Integrated - Environmental Co- energy emergencies management resilience standards Planning Benefits (drought and protects sector, and by 2028 Compliance contingency plans vulnerable knowledge protect aquatic communities management ecosystems, minimize through timely systems backup generator use, alerts about energy extend asset lifespans disruptions reducing waste) PS: Growth of REN sector through floating solar- pumped storage projects, attracting green investments Industry/IPPU

4 Implement Heat MISTI 60% of GFT -Develop heat stress - Factories - Improves health, -Better public health and 3,5,8, GESI & PS: Available 25.2 C Stress workers regulation based on assessment safety, and livelihood significant gains in 9,11, -Worker data Adaptation experience international reports stability by reducing worker productivity and 13 disaggregated by Measures for seasonal heat standards adapted to - leverage on heat-related illnesses output. sex, age and Industrial stress local context for the National and maintaining work -Improved occupational affiliation with Workers thermal comfort Energy capacity safety, job satisfaction, marginalized -Establish OSH Efficiency - Sustains productivity and worker morale. groups. - Benefits management systems Policy (NEEP) and operational -Potential for energy for female workers, in all large factories reporting continuity, boosting efficiency, cost savings who dominate the -Launch at least 4 mechanism, competitiveness from optimized cooling, garment sector, by demonstration especially for Community/National and reduced improving their factory pilots meeting Designated - Supports economic environmental impact working conditions local heat stress Energy stability by protecting from greener and health. standards on thermal Consumers key industrial sectors technologies. - Reduced economic comfort (DECs) (large and aids a ""Just losses from climate- factories). Transition"" by related power integrating adaptation outages, supporting into labor policies. business continuity. Agriculture

5 Develop climate MAFF 1) 38 crop (2035): - MAFF -Withstand extreme - improve dietary 2, 13, GESI: 1) Widely 11.00 C resilient crop varieties 1) 2,000 varieties annual weather events such as diversity and reduce 12, 8 - ensure the needs available at varieties well conserved conservation and reporting droughts, floods, hunger. and preferences of research suited to market (2020) rejuvenation per aligned with heatwaves, and salinity - Strengthens national women and institutions 2) Research marginalized groups demand year; NDC tracking intrusion. research institutions (e.g., CARDI, and are addressed development 2) At least 2 of high- -database of -Maintain stable yields, (e.g., CARDI), extension through inclusive IRRI on agriculture yield rice breeding reducing risk for systems, and farmer crop breeding collaborations productivity resilient/resilient lines and smallholder farmers. organizations through programs (e.g., ). Marker- conserved/ varieties developed released - Resist pests and skill development, participatory variety assisted rejuvenated a 3) At least 20% area of varieties. diseases that are technology transfer, and selection) selection total of 350 crop growing being -Map areas becoming more knowledge co-creation. - improved access to accelerates varieties of adopted to resilient, (hectares) prevalent due to - Crop diversification climate-resilient breeding for eggplant, high-yield crop planted with shifting climate through resilient seeds and drought, chili, knowledge to varieties resilient high- patterns. varieties contributes to salinity, and pumpkin, empower vulnerable melon and yield varieties. -Reduce dependency food system populations, pest sweet on single crops and sustainability. especially women resistance. potatoes improve food and across the value (2023) income security. chain. 94

6 Increase MAFF Technologies (2035): -MAFF annual - Use of drought- and -Reduced GHG emissions 2, 13, GESI: CSA practices 1) Water 23.00 C climate smart Developed: 4 1) 4 Climate-Resilient reporting flood-tolerant crop from synthetic 12, 8 tailored to women- Saving: Drip, practices and types of Technologies adopted aligned with varieties, crop fertilizers, improved led farms and sprinkler, technologies on climate- 2) CSA Adoption: 20% NDC tracking diversification, and carbon sequestration vulnerable solar pumping crop production resilient of total agricultural -Publications agroforestry practices through soil and biomass communities and irrigation technologies land under identified and reports -Adoption of reduced -Intercropping and crop- increase equitable 2) Mobile have been Climate-Smart -Baseline tillage, organic livestock integration access to resources agro-climatic developed in Agriculture (CSA) study on mulching, composting, offers multiple income apps, satellite- response to management adoption rate and micro-irrigation streams based crop climate practices. of availability systems -Promotes safe food monitoring, change (MoE CSA -Timely weather and production with reduced SMS-based Stocktake, technology pest advisories reduce chemical inputs advisories 2024). management yield loss and increase - Enhances biodiversity, practices preparedness soil fertility, and -Improved yields, pollination services stable income, and -Improved access to reduced input information through dependency for mobile advisory systems smallholder farmers -Opportunities in agri- tech services, CSA entrepreneurship, and digital agriculture

7 Improve MAFF High-value (2035): - MAFF -Higher income -Reduces dependency on 1, 2, -Solar- 11.00 C Diversification crops made 30% of agricultural annual stability from one or two crops, 8, 9, powered through the up less than land is under diverse, reporting diversified crop stabilizing farm incomes 13 pumps and production of 15% of climate-resilient aligned with markets (cashew, against market shocks or Rainwater Climate- Cambodia’s high-value crops, NDC tracking mung bean, vegetables, climate events. harvesting Resilient High- total promoting - Map areas etc.). -Enhanced rural systems Value Crops cultivated agricultural (hectares) -Reduced dependency investment: With credit -Composting, area (Source: diversification, planted with on one climate- or grants, smallholders biochar, and Cambodia improved resilience, resilient high- sensitive crop (like can invest in irrigation, organic Agriculture and increased farm yield varieties. rice). resilient seeds, and post- fertilizers Survey 2020). incomes. - Agroforestry systems harvest equipment, -Conservation The specific (cashew, coconut) improving productivity agriculture: proportion of improve water and reducing losses. cover crops, climate- retention and soil -Diversified production and mulching resilient crop health. improves diets and -Weather- types within - Diversified root resilience to rice supply indexed crop this category systems prevent shocks. insurance is yet to be erosion and enhance -Digital tools increase protects determined. microclimates. efficiency and access to against knowledge and markets. drought/flood losses

8 Increase MAFF (2025) (2035) Fisheries Mangroves, seagrass, -Build the capacity of 1, 2, Available 774.40 C restoration, 1) Mangrove The aquatic habitats Administratio coral reefs, and flooded commune extension 13, technologies Management Forest: 20,398 management and n Report forests are critical for officers and other key 14, like GIS, VMS, and hectares conservation of MAFF Annual building resilience by stakeholders to 15, 17 citizen- Conservation of 2) Seagrass: mangroves and Report buffering climate implement climate- science apps, mangroves, 1,389.44 flooded forests impacts, stabilizing smart practices. drones, and flooded forests, hectares restored as follows: ecosystems, and -Develop ToT programs climate-smart 3) Coral reef: 1) 6,120 ha (30%) of sustaining fisheries. -Update and develop 95 and aquatic 2,882.59 Mangrove Forest Their conservation and technical awareness on restoration habitats hectares restored restoration enhance aquaculture and rice- tools 4) Flooded 2) 4,167 ha (30%) of ecological and field biodiversity, and Forest: Seagrass restored community resilience establish effective 284,499 3) 576.5ha (20%) of to climate change, channels to disseminate hectares Coral reef restored ensuring sustainable climate adaptation 4) 85,350 ha (30%) of aquatic food systems practices to farmers and Flooded Forest and livelihoods local stakeholders. restored

9 Strengthen MAFF (2025): (2035): Fisheries Climate-smart Aquaculture and rice 1, 2, Broad 12.45 C Climate-Smart 1) Top ten 1) 5 native Administratio aquaculture and rice- farming efforts prioritize 13, availability of Aquaculture commercial commercial species n Report field aquatic climate resilience and 14, technical and Enhance native species genetically modified MAFF Annual biodiversity resilience sustainability through 15, 17 resources aquatic Rice- are under for improved climate Report rely on adaptive enhancing genetics, low- supporting Field research and resilience, enhanced practices, ecosystem- emission and energy- resilient pond Biodiversity experiment at tolerance to stress, sensitive integration, efficient systems, and aquaculture Resilience National and faster growth low-carbon agro-ecological methods. and low- Aquaculture with shorter technologies, Community fish refuges emission Research and production cycles. community support ecosystems and production Development 2) 344 Community cooperation, and livelihoods. Capacity- methods. Samdech Fishery Reserves proactive monitoring. building—via training, Techo Hun (50% of existing 688 This approach ToT programs, updated Existing Sen Institute. CFRs) strengthened strengthens materials, and better mitigation Five species in management to sustainable fish communication— technologies are successful support biodiversity production through ensures effective (e.g., breeding conservation, resilient pond adoption of climate- Alternate 2) 688 CFRs broodstock aquaculture, while smart practices. Wetting and established protection, and enhancing rice-field Drying, nationwide, climate-adaptive ecosystems by efficient covered fisheries. promoting biodiversity irrigation 315,302 ha, compatible with water- systems, soil compose of saving and mitigation health potential blue practices. Together, practices). and green these strategies area, safeguard livelihoods including and food security broodstocks despite climate conservation challenges. area.

10 Improve Good MAFF (2025): (2035): Fisheries It builds resilience by Low-emission, water- 1, 2, Sensors and 8.05 C Aquaculture 1) 5,000 1) Select 100 GAP- Administratio promoting sustainable efficient farming 8, 12, IoT devices Practices aquaculture equipped farmers of n Report resource use, climate- Integration into national 13, monitor (GAqP) farmers 600 to upgrade MAFF Annual adaptive techniques, policies to ensure 14, parameters robust biosecurity, 2) 600 further knowledge in Report structured, long-term 15, 17 like pH, community Farmers have GAqP and certify cooperation, and adoption of climate- oxygen levels, been building them as Training of knowledge transfer. smart and sustainable and the capacity Trainer Embedded in the SPF aquaculture. temperature on GAqP. 2) Select 1,000 2025-2033, these in real-time 3) 4,400 farmers of total 4,400 practices ensure Aquaculture SME aquaculture- aquaculture systems farmers are related actors to withstand climate and 96 needed to equip with GAqP environmental build their 3) Select further 200 stressors. GAqP GAqP-equipped GAqP incorporates farmers of 1,000 climate-smart practices (e.g., water-efficient upgrade further systems, low-carbon knowledge in GAqP feeds like insect-based and certify them as feeds) to reduce Training of Trainer emissions and adapt to 4) 300 ToT GAqP climate stressors like 5) 1,000 GAqP- temperature spikes and equipped Farmers erratic rainfall (SPF Sub-program 1: Aquaculture Enterprise Value Chains). It enhances aquaculture resilience, ensuring stable production and minimizing environmental impact.

11 Increase MAFF (2025): 16.2 (2035): Annual 5-yearly Provide support on 1) Reduction of 1, 13 11.00 C awareness of million livestock loss due to surveys of some climate risks and production costs, disaster crises vaccinated climate change- animal can convene sector increase resilience and (flood, drought animals in related flooding is production on stakeholders to agree increase profitability in heat stress, 2019, as of currently within 5%, household and implement actions the sector; disease 2023 about with typical scale and on other climate risks, 2) Preparing for future outbreak) in 25.9mill morbidity and commercial continue assessing climate risks can support animal animals have mortality rates for farms climate risks, climate-resilient production and been animal husbandry vulnerabilities, and planning, decision- develop vaccinated. also maintained at adaptive capacities in making and investment readiness to approximately 5% the livestock sub- for the future respond to thorough improving sector, plan activities to hazards vaccination coverage support sector in the remote areas stakeholders in addressing climate risks and vulnerabilities.

12 Enhance MAFF (2020): 145 (2035): GDAHP Support R&D to Support R&D on animal 1, 2, National 24.00 C Research and cattle were 53,000 cattle born Annual improve animal breeds breeds resilient to 13 Cattle Development of born through adopting artificial Reports with enhanced climate stressors Breeding Climate- artificial insemination (AI) resilience to climate Centre under Resilient insemination stressors such as heat, the Livestock (AI) drought, and disease. development Breeds Strengthening genetic traits for adaptability and productivity helps livestock producers maintain animal health and output under changing climate conditions. 97

13 Improve MAFF (2020): (2035): 22,000 GDAHP It improves livestock 1) Cultivating improved 1, 2, GESI: Support -Skills and 23.00 C Climate-Smart 2,318.13 hectares climate- Annual nutrition, increase forages is a low-cost 13, 5, women's role in knowledge for Fodder hectares Smart Fodder Reports farm productivity, and means to improve cattle 12, 15 cattle raising by forage Management Management and build climate nutrition. Other feeds, involving them in production and production production resilience. This supplements and training and farm and feeding includes promoting additives also increase decision-making. exist in drought-tolerant forage productivity and may be Cambodia; species, optimizing profitable; PS: Engage farms & seed / harvesting and storage 2) Improved feeding SMEs in quality vegetative techniques, and increases cattle seed/vegetative matter can be integrating productivity and feed matter production, sourced; agroforestry and efficiency; and agro-dealers in -Other feeds rotational grazing 3) Improved feeding supplement and and systems. It reduces increases profitability of additive supply supplements pressure on natural cattle raising; available on grazing lands, 4) Forage cultivation the market; enhances carbon reduces women's labour further sequestration, and burden of sourcing feed. investigation contributes to lower 5) Supports adaptation required to CH4 emissions— through improved feed understand supporting the availability throughout methane transition to climate- the year inhibitory smart livestock properties of systems. potential new feed additives

14 Increase MAFF (2025): (2035): MAFF Annual Enhancing processing, -GHG emission reduction 1, 2, GESI: Youth Available (e.g. 28.00 C climate resilient 1) No 1) At least 50 reporting storage and potential as a 13, 5, engagement in food solar drying, processing, processing collection or aligned with postharvest contribution of 12 processing mechanizatio storage and hubs processing hubs NDC tracking management are sustainable processing n, IoT) for logistic for agri- established established or critical post-harvest technology and clean processing. food system 2) Limited supported through technique which energy. post-harvest blended investments farmers use to reduce -Food safety and technology to and 1,000 producers product losses to consumers protection attract linked to these hubs. prevent molds, fungus for agri-food system financial 2) Significant post- and insect losses. investment harvest technologies (storage, cold chain and relevant logistics in agriculture) improved for 5 major commodities made available, attracting finance and disseminated through capacity building.

15 Enhance MAFF (2025): (2035): MAFF annual Enhanced capacity of 1) Build capacity of 1, 2, Digitation 26.00 C Climate 1) No SOP and 1) SOPs detailing report and MAFF in the commune extension 13, 17 platform, and Services, institutional institutional NDC tracking production and officers, and key climate Including arrangement arrangements and system dissemination of stakeholders (Cambodia information Digital for procedures for Assessment agrometeorological Aquaculture Association) services Solutions and harmonized harmonized Report of the advisory services and and cluster lead available in 98 early warning production production and Adoption of improved access to 2) Develop ToT programs Cambodia system and dissemination of the CS, AWS, agrometeorological to cascade knowledge at Social media dissemination agrometeorological and digital advisory services by the community level. platform of advisory information solution of farmers to reduce or 3) Update and develop adopted by agrometeorol developed. farmers mitigate impacts of technical awareness local farmers ogical 2) MAFF technical climate change on their materials advisory officials increased agricultural 4) Develop effective information capacities in data production. dissemination developed processing and 2) Limited translating weather capacity of and climate data into MAFF official specific advisory on data services for processing agricultural and applications. translating 3) 1,000 public and weather and private extension climate data providers, including into specific NGOs are trained on advisory agrometeorological services for advisory services. agricultural 4) 600,000 farmers applications have access to 3) 1000 of enhanced Extension and agrometeorological Commune advisory services. Agriculture Officer deployed in each commune with a need of capacity development of AWS, Advisory services

16 Scaling up solar MoWRA Survey on 40% increase in solar Survey report It improves water Improved livelihoods for 2, 5, PS: innovation in Available and Total C irrigation to M current status irrigation adoption in and action access, increases smallholder farmers, 7, 13 modular, climate- proven 8.395 improve of solar target areas plan; productivity in reduced energy costs, proof energy CAPEX: climate- irrigation assessment of drought-prone areas Sustainable use of water solutions 4.467 resilient systems in potential which then can be used OPEX agriculture Cambodia recipients; for other sectors 3.928 practices, annual report enhance water on efficiency and performance mitigation potentials 99 FOLU

17 Improved forest MoE (2025): All forest land, -Number of Improved forest Enhanced biodiversity, 13,14, GESI: 1) Forest 45.69 C management 1) 530 498 ha including PAs, CFs, PA, FiC, CPA, management boosts carbon sequestration, 15 - % of women, Zoning and practices, such under the CPAs, and CFis, will CF, and CFi ecosystem and and ecosystem including ethnic Landscape as integrated management be brought under with improved community resilience resilience. women, consulted Planning landscape of CF improved Forest forest while securing long- Strengthened on the development 2) Enrichment management 2) 87755 ha of Management Plans management term ecological and community rights, of forest planting and sustainable CF under by 2050. 60% by 2035. plan. economic benefits. knowledge, and management plans method forestry CFMP. -BTR reports, participation for Protected Areas practices 3) 26000 ha other annual (PAs), Community under IFM for reports, and Protected Areas sustainable project (CPAs), Community wood reports Forests (CFs) harvesting - # of women and indigenous people in forest management committees and local governance bodies

18 Forest MAFF (2025): 5000 ha 30,000 ha of - Annual It contributes to Improved water security, 13,14, GESI: integrated 1) Forest 34.04 C Ecosystem is under production forest is production regulating climate and biodiversity 15 land use planning, Zoning and adaptation and current under the forest land water cycles, conserve conservation, carbon clear demarcation Landscape resilience conservation management for under biodiversity, preserve sequestration, disaster and legal Planning through status of CF, forest ecosystem and improved genetic resources, and risk reduction, and recognition of HCV 2) Enrichment protection of Forest biodiversity forest provide vital ecosystem support local livelihoods areas, inclusive planting the existing Restoration conservation management services and through sustainable governance method forest and area in ha livelihoods that forest use and involving local biodiversity - Annual support both nature ecotourism, while communities and ecosystem: reports, and and communities. preserving cultural and IPs, capacity Conservation project recreational values for building for forest Forest reports (e.g. communities. rangers and ecosystem and FA annual subnational forest report) authorities, gender- biodiversity in responsive and the production socially inclusive forest area. conservation strategies, and robust monitoring systems

19 Forest MAFF (2025): 5000 ha 30,000 ha of degraded Annual It will boost resilience Enhanced water GESI: including 1) Integrated 43.69 C Ecosystem is under production forest is degraded by reviving ecological regulation, soil stability, integrated Watershed adaptation and current under restoration for forest land functions, enhancing and carbon watershed and Management resilience conservation forest ecosystem and under climate adaptation, sequestration, landscape planning, 2)Participator through status of CF, biodiversity restoration for reducing disaster risks, supporting biodiversity community-based y Land Use restoring of the Forest conservation ecosystem and supporting recovery and reducing restoration Planning degraded forest Restoration and biodiversity, carbon climate-related risks and approaches, 3) ANR and biodiversity area. biodiversity storage, and contributing to capacity building for 4) Riparian ecosystem: conservation sustainable livelihoods. sustainable livelihoods, local stakeholders Forest Restore forest in hectares. ecotourism, and cultural and forest restoration ecosystem and values, strengthening authorities, secure 5) Erosion 100 biodiversity both environmental land and resource control in conservation in health and community tenure, gender- slope land watershed resilience. responsive and management socially inclusive area, forest participation, recreation, sustainable MAFF/FA financing managed forest, mechanisms, and ecosystem robust monitoring conservation, systems and climate change adaptation. Human health and WASH

20 Enable effective MOH 1)Disaster 1)Completion status 1) Annual -Enhances national -Enhanced surveillance 3,11, GESI: target women QGIS Total= 6.6 C decision- Risk of the National Report of the adaptive capacity by reduces illness-related 13 and youth in the DIS making for Management Strategic Plan for MOH supporting early risk absences and boosts development of MoWRM 1. 0.4 health for Health Disaster Risk 2) Annual detection and school participation. strategies/action R, remote 2. 1.0 interventions by (2020-2024), Management for Report of the intersectoral response - Strengthened EWS plans where sensing data 3. 0.2 developing a NCCAPPH Health (2026-2030 and MOH; planning for climate- enable proactive relevant 4. 5.0 health national 2014-18; 2031-2035) and Number of sensitive health threats infection prevention and adaptation plan, 2) Second National Climate dengue and events; decrease control in healthcare PS: technology, improving NCCAPH Change Action Plan sentinel case fatality rate and settings. participation in surveillance (2020-2024) for Public Health surveillance increase resilience - Minimize development of and early- (2026-2030 and 2031- sites - Foster multi-sectoral contamination and action plans and warning 2035) according to engagement, improve waste systems systems focused 2) Maintain regular annual alignment and management. on climate- surveillance of 15 reporting of improving the health - Reduce losses and related health samples per sentinel the MOH system’s ability to support economic vulnerabilities site with 15 sentinel 3) Reports of respond, remain resilience. among children sites the digitized functional, and build Strengthen governance and other highly 3) One digitized and system resilience during and cross-sector impacted integrated module 4) Reports of extreme weather, coordination groups per targeted vector- the integrated minimizing service borne disease hub or MOH disruptions and health 4) 70% of PHD Staff Annual Report risks trained in early warning protocols nationwide

21 Enhance multi- MOH 1) Technical 1) Updated Technical 1/2/4: Annual - Health care facilities - It improves health 3, 6, HIS module Total:10.3 C sectoral Guidelines for Guidelines for HC Report of and staff equipped to outcomes and 14, 15 coordination HC Waste Waste Management MOH maintain Healthcare community resilience by 1.0.4 mechanisms to Management and Technical 2) Training on Waste Management reducing climate-related 2. 2.0 adapt and (2011) and Guidelines for WASH Environmenta guidelines, WASH-IPC illnesses and enhancing 3. 0.1 implement National in Health Care l Health guidelines, and emergency response. 4.7.8 Climate Guidelines for Facilities every 5 3) M&E provision of care Better health supports Resilient and WASH in years reporting during extreme school attendance and Environmentall Health Care 2) 21,000 Healthcare weather event(s) learning. y Sustainable facilities workers trained - Ensure that health- - Improving hygiene, Health Care (2018) 3) 10 Provinces related infrastructure maternal, newborn, and Facilities, 2) # of engaged in gender is designed surgical care. 101 including healthcare mainstreaming of appropriately to Sustainable resource WASH, workers climate adaptation in provide necessary use, while improved considering the trained health sector health services despite waste practices protect needs of 3) Number of 4 250 HF across at extreme weather, the environment. vulnerable provinces (0) least 10 Provinces minimizing service - Economic groups (e.g., 4) 25 of completing WASH- disruptions and health opportunities expand children, Healthcare FIT Assessment risks through private sector pregnant Facilities 100 HFs with engagement in women, elderly, included in upgrades for climate- sustainable health migrants, and WASH-FIT resilient Health and services. persons with Assessment WASH - Stronger governance disabilities). (in RTK). builds institutional Number of capacity and climate- accountability at all resilient levels. Health and WASH facilities upgraded or constructed (30)

22 Conduct climate MRD Baseline: 0 25 provinces climate Provincial - Resilient WASH - Improved health by 6, 12, Gender: - The Global 0.75 C risk resilient and report and infrastructure that reducing waterborne 13, 1. Number of Water assessments, inclusive WASH MIS report remain functional diseases, enhance school 14, 15 provincial climate Partnership develop a framework and during extreme attendance—particularly resilient and and UNICEF's climate- action plan developed weather, minimizing for girls—and strengthen inclusive WASH Strategic resilient and based on the assessed service disruptions and infection prevention in framework, and Framework inclusive WASH risks) health risks. healthcare. costed provincial for WASH response - Resilient community: - Efficient water use, actions plans. Climate- framework, and better anticipate and reduce environmental Baseline: 12 Resilient monitoring and prepare for WASH- contamination, improve provinces (2024); Development evaluation to related impacts like waste management and Target: 25 provinces strengthen water scarcity, protect water sources. (2035) - Existing climate risk- flooding, and - By saving time on water 2. Proportion of climate and informed infrastructure damage collection, they enable women WASH data. programming - Empowerment of greater economic participating in the - Existing across 25 local actors participation, especially development of the capacity of provinces strengthening local for women. provincial climate MRD’s climate governance and service resilient and resilient provider capacity, inclusive WASH WASH task reinforcing self- framework, costed force reliance and localized provincial action adaptation. plans. Baseline: 30% (Year); Target: 60% (2035).

23 Operationalize MRD Baseline: 0 25 provinces MRD WASH - Resilient WASH - GHG reduction through 6, 12, GESI: The 0.6 U/C the implementing the information infrastructure that solar powered pump and 13, Youth engagement monitoring implementation climate resilient and management remain functional improved FSM and 14, 15 in the risk and of the climate inclusive WASH system during extreme treatment processes. assessment and evaluation resilient and response framework weather, minimizing - Improved health by solution appraisal system needs inclusive WASH service disruptions and reducing waterborne process information 102 response health risks. diseases and enhancing technology framework for - Resilient community: hygiene in healthcare PS: with piped water but can be climate- rural communities to settings. operator and locally resilient, low- have access to WASH Better school sanitation service sourced. carbon, and services more resilient attendance, particularly provider to increase inclusive WASH to climate shocks for girls, through coverage and inclusive sanitation. promote innovative - Efficient water use, WASH technology in reduce environmental climate resilient, contamination low-carbon and - Creation of economic inclusive WASH opportunities by freeing service provision at up time—especially for the provincial level women—to engage in income-generating activities.

24 Streamline MISTI (2025) 1.450 systems MISTI water - Piped water systems - Reduction of GHG 6, 3, GESI: Prioritize poor Existing 247.47 C climate risk 1) 29 piped 2.450 systems supply are designed or emissions through solar- 5, 7, and vulnerable MISTI’s assessments water supply 3.9,464,969 people monitoring upgraded to withstand powered pumping and 11, 13 communities in climate and the systems system extreme weather and improved operational infrastructure resilient water implementation assessed for reduced service efficiency. improvements and safety plan of climate climate risk interruptions during - Reduction of access. guideline for resilient (using climate floods, droughts, and waterborne diseases and piped water measures for resilient water power outages. improves health. PS: Encourage supply climate piped water safety plan - Increases access to Reduction of water participation of risk supply guideline as safe and reliable water collection burden — local water assessment infrastructures the tool) during climate shocks, especially for girls— operators in and services, 2) 161 existing reducing health risks boosts school providing access to Local capacity particularly in and new and time burdens, attendance. clean and safe piped of resilient climate risk piped water especially for women - Economic opportunities water supply, infrastructure prone areas and supply and children and by freeing up time for especially to the design, promoting systems enhances preparedness income-generating most vulnerable construction inclusive and retrofitted or of vulnerable activities, particularly in communities. and pro-poor built with communities through rural and peri-urban management approaches for climate- improved service areas. vulnerable resilient reliability. communities, features women and 3) 5,941,685 children. people with access to climate resilient piped water services: persons

25 Promote and de- MISTI (2025): 0 - 450 piped water MISTI water - Attracts investment in • Reduction of GHGs and 6, 5, GESI: Local capacity 22.74 C risk supply projects supply infrastructure built to improved operational 7, 9, - Ensures of resilient investments and financed using monitoring withstand climate risks efficiency 11, 17 investments infrastructure climate climate-aligned or de- system - Improves long-term • Improves long-term prioritize inclusive design, financing for risked investment access to reliable water access to reliable water service access and construction climate- mechanism services during climate services during climate women’s 103 resilient and - 50% funded projects shocks by financing shocks, reduces health participation in and low carbon that include pro-poor, resilient systems in risks and time burdens, decision-making. management water supply gender-sensitive vulnerable areas, especially for women - Targets infrastructures components reducing health risks and children and underserved and and systems and time burdens, enhances preparedness climate-vulnerable especially for women of communities. populations through and children and - Minimizes resource pro-poor investment enhances preparedness use, environmental strategies. of vulnerable degradation communities through - Improves planning, PS: Actively improved service budgeting, and promotes reliability. accountability for partnerships with resilient infrastructure at private actors, sub-national levels. utilities, and climate financiers.

26 Update the MISTI Number of 1 water supply MISTI water - Enables proactive - DRR: Enables 6, 5, GESI: Local capacity 0.436 C national piped water supply monitoring system supply maintenance and integration of WASH 9, 11, - Incorporates sex- and water data monitoring updated and monitoring climate-resilient systems into broader 13, 17 disaggregated data technology monitoring system operational with system upgrades based on early warning and to ensure women’s available for system with updated and climate resilience (WSMS) performance and risk disaster response needs are visible data inclusion of operational indicators. data and enhances planning. and addressed in monitoring climate resilient with climate adaptive capacity of - Health: Improves planning. system aspects to resilience service providers targeting water services - Focuses on assess indicators: through evidence- to prevent disease vulnerable and vulnerabilities, Water supply based planning. outbreaks after climate underserved track progress, monitoring - Provides early disasters. communities in and ensure system warning for service - Advances digital data climate-disaster- targeted without risks and targeted systems and decision- prone areas. interventions climate support for vulnerable support tools for public - Explore for the resilience populations and service management. opportunities for communities (2025) improves equity by - Facilitates more youth involvement (with particular ensuring that those efficient and sustainable in data collection, attention for most affected by use of water resources digital system women and climate hazards receive through informed development, and children) living prioritized attention. planning. community in climate outreach. disaster prone PS: Enables data- areas. sharing and collaboration with service providers for improved delivery.

27 Expand sewage MPWT Percentage 30% MPWT sewage GHG mitigation Improved health 6, 3, GESI: Local capacity 931.99 C and Fecal increase in and FSM data potential: 2.68 Mt CO2e Supports school 5, 7, - Prioritizes safe and available for Sludge sewage and monitoring over a 10-year period. attendance and learning. 10, dignified sanitation resilient Management FSM service system - Builds adaptive It protects water sources, 11, 13 services for women infrastructure (FSM) systems coverage in capacity of urban soil, and ecosystems and girls, especially design, coverage area in urban areas sanitation systems to from contamination during floods. construction urban areas to (Among the enhance risk Contributes to climate- - Expands access for and reduce GHG and urban areas of management of climate resilient urban poor and management prevent the 25 change impacts. planning—especially in underserved urban (e.g. WSP, contaminations Provincial - Reduces health risks informal settlements populations. PTF, 104 during extreme Cities, 9 have (e.g., diarrhea, cholera) Creates jobs within the - Involves youth in Conventional weather events wastewater during climate-induced green economy. awareness raising. activated promoting pro- treatment floods by improving PS: Encourages sludge, poor services plants, and 2 containment and public-private MABR…) for vulnerable have FS treatment, and partnerships in groups, treatment enhances sanitation infrastructure, including plants) access for marginalized services, and women and populations in flood- technology children prone and informal innovation. urban settlements.

28 Establish a MPWT 0 1 national sewage and MPWT sewage It enables the Enhanced sanitation 6, 3, GESI: Local capacity 0.8019 C national sewage FSM data monitoring and FSM data identification and monitoring improves 5, 7, - Ensures that data available for and FSM data system established monitoring upgrade of high- disease control, guides 10, disaggregation and setting up analysis address the monitoring system emission or unsafe climate-resilient urban 11, 13 monitoring specific needs of system with sanitation systems planning, and protects system women and girls in inclusion of General (e.g., open dumping of water resources from urban sanitation climate resilient Department of sludge) to reduce GHG contamination. It planning. indicators Sewage and emission. supports evidence-based - Identifies and Wastewater governance, strengthens targets underserved Management/ Supports GHG tracking sanitation in schools urban areas and MPWT reports and reporting in the through targeted marginalized sanitation sector investments, and populations. enhances disaster risk - Engages youth in data collection, management by digital mapping of enabling early warning sanitation and rapid response to infrastructure. sanitation-related PS: Supports market hazards. development for sanitation services and technologies. Infrastructure

29 Design and MLMUP - Prototypes of - By 2028, Annual report Strengthen climate- Improve adaptive 8, 9, GESI: Number of Design of 66.017 U/C build guidance C Climate- development of resilient houses and capacity of low-income 13, 5 people from climate- for climate- resilient guidelines for buildings for low- and vulnerable vulnerable groups resilient resilient houses house design country-wide climate income households. households by building accessing climate- houses in and buildings or criteria resilience housing climate-resilient houses. resilient housing, coastal areas for low-income developed by and building design disaggregated (e.g., already households INGOs/DPs. for low-income HHs disability) developed and No country- and 60 climate- available wide climate resilient houses built Number of women resilience in coastal areas, and men architects, house design disaggregated by sex. engineers, and standard yet. - By 2029, 500 human settlements - MLMUPC's engineers and local experts affordable skilled builders participating in the housing trained on the design of climate- policy. guidelines resilient houses. disaggregated by sex. Baseline: TBD - By 2030, 500,000 (2025); Target: TBD low-income HHs will 105 receive climate of which 33% are resilience housing women (2035) design standards training disaggregated by sex of HoH. - By 2035, 500,000 low-income HHs will apply climate- resilient house design, 4,000 climate resilience houses built, 100 in the coastal area disaggregated by sex of HoH, and climate resilience building design will be integrated into the building permit.

30 Prepare the MLMUP Draft Law on -By 2028, Annual report Strengthen urban Contribute to building 11, 9, GESI: Increased 2.861 U/C modality of C Urban development of 1 planning infrastructure environmentally friendly 13, 5 women's green spaces for Planning (30% Green Space to be more sub-cities. participation in the urban planning of new Development toolkit. environmentally activities or new sub- proposed land Green physical friendly. cities to address use zones or spaces will be the development standardized for vulnerability of precincts commercial and urbanisation. should be other small city uses. allocated for 2 cities (Phnom Penh green spaces). and Siem Reap, or other) will be analysed for reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect; selected natural-based solutions and passive cooling strategy responses and pilots will be implemented - By 2035: At least 50% of small city development requests will be permitted with full utilisation of all elements in the toolkit. and all enlarged cities will be standardised with comprehensive 106 physical and climate- resilient norms addressed in the toolkit.

31 Develop a MLMUP Technical -By 2030, climate Annual report Strengthen -Lower Lifecycle 11, 9, GESI: Increased 5.958 U/C building code C regulations resilience indicators building/housing to be Emissions: it minimizes 13, 5 women's that for the to be integrated more resilient to embodied carbon from participation in the mainstreams architectural within the building climate-related demolition and activities climate design of code will be disasters. rebuilding, and resilience into buildings developed. operational emissions building designs integrate - By 2035, 50% of from temporary housing and passive building permits are or new construction. building/housin cooling mainstreamed, - Resource Efficiency & g construction. strategies, and - By 2035, 1000 Waste Reduction the passive engineering - Families can shelter in cooling design professionals will be place longer, and guidelines trained to support emergency responders document for buildings’ climate aren’t overwhelmed by buildings has resilience indicators collapsed structures. been implementation. completed. - By 2035, all new These two buildings will adopt documents passive cooling will be strategies through available for building code voluntary use implementation. starting in -By 2027, indicators 2025 related to sustainable construction materials (like CO2/ footprint index), including index that support local production, will be under elaboration (potential collaboration with academy & research entity).

32 Promote the MLMUP Green -By 2026, technical Annual report Strengthen building - Reduce energy use by 11, 9, GESI: Increased 16.185 U/C implementation C Building Standard on Green infrastructure to be 30–50% through passive 13, 5 women's of a Green Certificate Building Design resilient to climate- design and efficient participation in the Building drafted by available for related disasters and systems, reducing activities Certificate. MoE. voluntary use. more environmentally emissions and grid - By 2028, at least 30 friendly. pressure. buildings will be - Rainwater harvesting, certified under green low-flow fixtures, and building standards. greywater recycling can - By 2030, green reduce potable water building standards demand by up to 40%. will lead to the - Improved Air and 107 adoption of passive Water Quality cooling strategies in - Better daylighting, at least 5% of new thermal comfort, and buildings, at least 5% superior indoor air of existing public and quality reduce commercial buildings headaches, allergies, and will be retrofitted respiratory issues. with passive cooling measures following the green building standard, and at least 100 buildings will be certified under green building standards. - By 2035, at least 500 buildings will be certified

33 Rural road MRD Length of (2035): 12,000 KM MRD’s These roads will be Improved connectivity 8, 9, GESI: Available for 1010.936 U/C rehabilitation roads in (paved road) Annual Report usable during disasters supports economic 13, 5 Proportion of resilient road and Double like floods, ensuring development, ensures women employed in construction, improvement Bituminous continued connectivity continuity of essential rural roads but advanced for climate Surface for rural communities services, and construction tech needed change Retreatment during extreme strengthens the adaptive projects. Baseline for resilience pavement weather events. capacity of rural 15% (2025); Target construction (DBST) 6,723 communities in the face 30% (2035) in challenging km, 1,804 km of climate change. environments in concrete

34 Repair and MPWT 591.6 km of 5,000 km of repair MPWT’s Strengthen the existing Avoid loss and damage 8, 13 GESI: Proportion of Road design 3969.333 U/C rehabilitate roads repaired roads using climate- Annual Report national and provincial due to climate hazards women’s specification existing road to meet proofing standards by road infrastructure to and ensure full and participation in and Resilient infrastructure, climate- 2035. make it resilient to sustainable road repairing and and Inclusive ensuring proofing climate-related operations for road rehabilitating road Design climate- standards. disasters. users, particularly the construction. Principles resilient most vulnerable group. developed by designs, and MPWT establish effective operation and maintenance systems that consider the impacts of climate change.

35 New national MPWT 7,374.864 km (2025): MPWT’s Strengthen national Avoid loss and damage 8, 13 GESI: Road design 477.213 U/C road of existing - 300 km of new Annual Report road infrastructure to due to climate hazards - Proportion of specification construction national roads national road withstand climate- and ensure full and women’s and Resilient with climate- as of 2024. construction using related disasters. sustainable road participation as new and Inclusive resilient designs climate-proofing road operations for road national road Design to withstand the standards users, particularly the construction Principles impacts of - 5% of 300 km of new most vulnerable group. workers. developed by climate change. national road MPWT 108 construction with - Proportion of green belts women, men, and people from other marginalised groups participating in road development consultations.

36 Develop and MoEYS (2025): 10 - By 2026, complete MoEYS’ It responds to climate- Boost enrolment rates 4, 5, GESI: % of women, Solar energy, 215.639 U/C expand resilient schools built guidelines for school Annual Report related disasters such and ensure the 9, 13 youth and people a cooling school and retrofitted resilience and and as temperature continuity of education with disability in system, infrastructure by MoEYS shortlisted schools for construction increase, drought, during climate-related local consultations eco-system by constructing construction. department flood, storms and disasters. conducted on the construction - By 2027, upgrade new buildings report lightning. design of school materials, and drawing materials for and facilities, infrastructure and an early school resilience; retrofitting - By 2028, the pilot 40 facilities. warning existing new climate-resilient alerting structures, and schools will be system. designing constructed, and 10 climate- schools will be resilient retrofitted and infrastructure upgraded to withstand tailored to natural disasters. geographic and - By 2035, 1,000 new demographic climate-resilient needs. schools will be constructed, and 200 schools will be retrofitted and upgraded to withstand natural disasters such as floods.

37 Construct NCDM (2025): - By 2028, review and NCDM’s Improve the climate- Improve community 9,5,13 GESI: % of women The design of 5.631 U/C climate and 10 (6 WFP, 1 update of the Gender Annual Report resilient construction safety during disasters. participating in Climate and Disaster NCDM and 3 Responsive Climate practices and consultations on the Disaster- Resilience Safe MRD) and Disaster Resilience infrastructure planning of climate- Resilient Safe Evacuation Safe Evacuation standards across resilient and safe Evacuation Centres construction Centres with critical sectors. evacuation centres. Centres is guidelines integrated available. - By 2035, 25 trainings climate and on SoP of Climate and inclusive Disaster Resilience Safe disaster- Evacuation Centres, resilient design and establishment of in disaster- 20 Climate and Disaster prone areas. Resilience Safe Evacuation Centres.

38 Enhancing NCDD Draft Climate - By 2030, at least 1 NCDD’s Strengthen climate- -Develop 9,5,13 GESI: # of A guideline on 10 U/C climate- Risk and climate vulnerability Annual Report resilient cities environmentally friendly subnational Climate resilient cities Vulnerability and impact cities that ensure development plans Resilience at the sub- Assessments assessments will be community safety during integrating gender Infrastructure national level by for conducted with disasters. and climate resilient for sub- national conducting Subnational GEDSI consideration - Climate vulnerable measures with administration 109 climate Adaptation in to support city groups, such as women gender indicators, s exists. Lack of vulnerability Cambodia administrations’ and the poor population, baselines and appropriate and impact (2025). planning and benefit from climate- targets. technologies, assessments to investment. resilient solutions from such as climate integrate - By 2035, 10 cities city governments. data-driven tools to support climate will integrate data city resilience and results from governments’ strategies into climate vulnerability decisions, sub-national and impact climate-smart development assessments into infrastructure, plans. their development resilient city plans for an urban solutions, sustainable, inclusive smart and adaptive urban transportation, growth. and EWS, among others

39 Strengthen NCDD 50 of SNA By 2035, 70 (existing NCDDS Climate resilient Improve local economy 1, 13 GESI: Measures will -A guideline on 15 U/C climate proof projects and new) district annual infrastructure through better access to ensure social Climate Resilience infrastructure related to administrations reports infrastructure inclusion, Infrastructure for supporting construct, implement projects (LGCC3, particularly for for sub- local economy repair and related to construct, CAISAR, Improve resilience of vulnerable national and rehabilitate repair and SREDSP) vulnerable populations population to administration development infrastructure rehabilitate in the targeted districts benefits from the s exists. - Lack of are climate- infrastructure that and provinces infrastructure appropriate proof (2025). incorporate climate- projects technologies, proof such as climate approach/methodolo data-driven gy. tools to support city governments’ decisions, climate-smart infrastructure, resilient city solutions, smart transportation, and EWS, among others

40 Rehabilitate and MoWRA Assessment of - 60% of targeted Infrastructure Resilient infrastructure Improved yields, 2, 6, Available 65.263 C construct the M existing infrastructure assessment supports reliable water reduced water losses, job 9, 13 conventional irrigation irrigation rehabilitated. report; action access under climate creation and upgraded infrastructure infrastructure - At least 10 flood plan; stress irrigation to enhance control structures implementati technologies water efficiency repaired. (e.g. sluice on progress and manage gates, embankments, reports floodwater retention ponds). - At least 5 flood control structures constructed (e.g. sluice gates, embankments, retention ponds). 110 Livelihood and ecosystems

41 Enhance MoE Baseline 0 for 1) The Development 1) The NBSAP The NBSAP is targeted Supports species 12, GESI: 1.5 C biodiversity #1 and #2 of NBSAP Tracking online at increasing diversity (e.g., 15, 17 - # of activities resilience Tool tracking ecosystem well-being conserving endangered informed by targets in line 3) 6 updates of platform and thus creating ibis), restores habitat meaningful with Cambodia’s Biodiversity ). 23 Targets of 2) Trackability resilient natural connectivity (e.g., engagement with NBSAP National NBSAP being updated of NBSAP habitats. wildlife corridors), and IPs Report as in NBSAP tracking Target in the sustains ecosystem - # of species with needed by tool Tracking services for local cultural significance United Platform livelihoods. for IPs and/or food, Nations 3) 9 updates of 3) National medicine or other Convention Biodiversity National Report to uses protected on Biological Report as needed by UNCBD through seed Diversity UNCBD collection and other (UNCBD) means

42 Conduct gap MoE 0 - 3 Reports on gap - Report on Biodiversity and Strengthening policy 15, GESI: Number of 1 C assessments analysis of climate gap analysis ecosystem well-being coherence across sectors 13, 11 climate and and develop change integration of climate depend a lot on the (e.g., aligning climate biodiversity policies policy and into biodiversity change climate. These and biodiversity plans), amended to align framework policies integration instruments will be enhancing ecosystem with laws and instruments on - 5 guidelines for into useful to plan and resilience through policies on IP rights biodiversity specific species to be biodiversity integrate climate and targeted conservation and tracked protected from policies other risks to make actions (e.g., species- implementation climate change them more resilient. specific guidelines), and threats - Guidelines empowering local - 20 development for specific planning processes (e.g., plan that include species to be integrating biodiversity actions for protected actions into commune biodiversity from climate development plans). protection or change conservation in threats response to climate change - Commune development plan that includes actions for biodiversity protection or conservation in response to climate change

43 Establish and MoE 0 - 30 communities - Training Enabling inclusive, Empowering local 15, 9 GESI: Proportion of 2.1 C strengthen trained and actively report(s) evidence-based communities through young people and national engaged in - MoE Report planning to sustain participatory data women engaged in biodiversity biodiversity data - Data access ecosystems and collection (e.g., mobile biodiversity monitoring and collection using portal report support resilient apps for reporting monitoring and assessment standardized tools livelihoods. wildlife sightings), assessments. systems - 500 biodiversity improving institutional reflecting citizen science coordination for 111 ecosystem and contributions (i.e., biodiversity governance livelihood community- (e.g., clearly defined resilience generated roles in CEMIS). observations or monitoring data entry) integrated in national biodiversity monitoring and assessment - 500/year data access from CEMIS for biodiversity data by the public

44 Operationalize MoE 0 - 100% of integration MoE & MAFF Raising public awareness 15, 9 1 C and make of biodiversity Reports (e.g., informing biodiversity tracking tools into communities about monitoring and CEMIS declining fish stocks), assessment data - 100% of new species supporting data-driven publicly to promote its planning (e.g., available in resilience being integrating biodiversity CEMIS updated in CEMIS hotspots into commune - Integrate global plans), and enhancing databases (such as transparency and GBFI) into CEMIS accountability toward where possible. NBSAP targets through accessible biodiversity reports and analyses.

45 Improve and/or MoE 0 1)100 Indigenous MoE & MAFF It enhances resilience Conserving biodiversity 13, 5 1.6 C enhance communities actively Reports by applying IPLC (e.g., protecting sacred Indigenous participating in customary practices— forests rich in endemic Peoples and conservation or Study report such as rotational species), improving food Local restoration planning farming, sacred forest and water security (e.g., Communities and implementation protection, and flood- through flood-resilient (IPLC) 2) 10 Number of adapted livelihoods—to rice farming), and customary communities with restore ecosystems, preserving cultural practices and improved quality sustain biodiversity, heritage (e.g., sustaining knowledge for and/or availability of and strengthen traditional ecological climate-driven natural resources community capacity to knowledge passed conservation 3) 20% of Fisheries adapt to climate through generations). and restoration and Families impacts. initiatives Resilience Building Model (FFRBM) improved and implemented by Cfis in Tonle Sap Lake.

46 Identify zones MoE Baseline:0 -10 Climate change V&A of PA Ensures that intact Supports biodiversity 15, 13 GESI: IPLC, Remote 1.8 C within vulnerability Report ecosystems continue to conservation, safeguards including women, sensing tools, Protected Areas assessment of PA MoE Progress provide essential ecosystem services, and youth, and the GIS-based (PAs) that are - 100% within PAs Report services like water secures traditional elderly, are involved climate risk threatened by assessed on their regulation, food livelihoods in identifying and mapping, and climate risks climate vulnerability sources, and habitat community- 112 and increase and size of areas stability therefore it managing climate- based their resilience being demarcated as will reduce risk of threatened zones participatory threatened by climate drought, fires, or mapping risks calculated. floods. platforms - 100%r of zoning and boundary systems that involve women and IPLC in restoration or natural resource management activities

47 Develop M&E MoE 0 - 5 Policy Brief or Number Enabling PAs' Improved data for 15, 13 GESI: Engaging CEMIS 1.4 C framework for Research and Policy Brief or managers and conservation planning, women, IPs, and assessing Development Reports Research and communities to enhanced transparency youth in data climate impacts on climate-specific MoE report understand how in management collection, in PAs indicator and climate change affects effectiveness, and interpretation, and evaluation related to biodiversity, ecosystem greater accountability to feedback processes PA and/or services, and stakeholders to ensure that biodiversity livelihoods conservation - 50% of protected responses reflect areas with climate- diverse experiences specific monitoring and vulnerabilities and evaluation frameworks developed and operationalized

48 Strengthen MoE Baseline: 0 - At least 5 private MoE report Mobilizing sustainable PES through PPPs 13, GESI: Women and Digital MRV 1.4 C Private-Public sectors engaged in financing through PES, generates multiple co- 17, 13 marginalized groups platforms to Partnerships PES mechanism. which supports the benefits: it creates green in benefit-sharing track (PPP) to - At least 15 private protection of income for rural agreements, ecosystem promote and sectors consulted in ecosystems that buffer households, strengthens governance service operationalise PES mechanism. climate risks—such as biodiversity protection, structures, and delivery Payment for - 5 IPLC benefiting forests, wetlands, and and builds local capacity-building Ecosystem from PES. watersheds—while conservation leadership efforts Services (PES) providing direct in PAs incentives to IPLCs

49 Develop and MoE 0 - 50% of marine and MoE and Protecting and -Support to sustainable 14, 15 Geographic 4.2 C implement coastal restored and MAFF Report restoring coastal livelihoods through clear Information integrated effectively protected ecosystems—like zoning of fishing areas, Systems (GIS) marine spatial through Integrated Guideline mangroves and marine ecotourism sites, and satellite planning Marin Spatial seagrasses—that buffer and aquaculture zones. remote Planning (IMSP) Study Reports against storm surges, - Enhanced governance, sensing allow - 4 Guidelines on to be done sea-level rise, and reduces resource for accurate restoration and every 3 years erosion. conflicts, and ensures mapping of sustainable use of sustainable access to marine marine and coastal fisheries and tourism. habitats and ecosystem developed - Mangroves, seagrasses, coastal land and applied and salt marshes use - 10% of communities sequester large amounts (e.g. CFi or CPA) 113 improve livelihoods of carbon in biomass and linked to marine sediments. spatial planning outcomes - 50 % of communities (e.g. CFi or CPA) improve livelihoods linked to marine spatial planning outcomes

50 Expand, MoE 0 - 5 marine and MoE and -Protecting and -Biodiversity 14, 15 GESI: GIS tools for 3 C establish and coastal protected MAFF Report restoring critical conservation, - Engage women and marine zoning improve the areas established or marine and coastal sustainable fisheries, IPs in coastal and and management of strengthened, Assessment habitats—such as coral and ecotourism marine resource biodiversity coastal and including Marine report reefs, seagrasses, and opportunities. stewardship. mapping, and marine Fisheries mangroves—serve as - Protecting marine - Proportion of mobile apps protected areas Management Areas natural buffers against habitats supports healthy population for (MFMA) and Other storm surges, erosion, ecosystems that provide following community Effective area-based and sea-level rise. food security, sustainable reporting of Conservation -Expanding and sustainable jobs and fishing/marine illegal Measures (OECMs) improving the income, and cultural harvesting activities - 3 Research Report management of values for coastal practices, by sex and showing the number protected areas, communities. type of practice of people including recognition - Preservation and (disaggregated by of OECMs, ensures restoration of blue gender and ecosystem carbon ecosystems, vulnerability) functionality that including mangroves, benefitting from supports long-term tidal marshes, and improved access to climate adaptation for seagrasses. These sustainably managed both nature and people ecosystems store large marine and coastal quantities of carbon in resources their biomass and - 3 Research Report sediments. showing the Improvement in marine resource conditions, such as increases in key biodiversity indicators (e.g., coral cover, mangrove extent, species richness, fish stock health)

51 Register and MoT 0 - 20 ecotourism MoT reports Ecosystem Improving livelihoods 13 Digital 1.35 C increase climate community sites who conservation through ecotourism registration resilience in received supports to strengthens adaptive income and job creation, and a ecotourism and promote climate capacity, reducing strengthens local platform that community- resilience (50% vulnerability to climate institutions and can support based women participants shocks while empowering women and the ecotourism sites and 2 IP promoting inclusive, IP with training and communities 114 communities) sustainable economic roles, and - 20 ecotourism development. supporting ecosystem communities, conservation by homestays and reducing harmful tourism businesses practices like illegal awarded national or logging. ASEAN green/sustainable tourism standards (50% women participants and 2 IP communities) - 10 communities implement the value- added products development in agroecology (50% women participants) - 5 ecotourism sites and CBT/CBET registered to Green Destination Standard by Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC).

52 Strengthen MoT 0 - 5 ecotourism sites MoT reports Creating structured Improved local 1, 8, PS: Activity to be CBET 1.4 C community with climate- and research CBET systems in PAs, economies through 9, 15 undertaken in close management livelihood in responsive report CFs, and Cfis through tourism, creating cooperation with software Protected Areas management plans institutionalizing those sustainable jobs, private sector (PAs), and adaptation communities and adapt enhanced and more players. Community measures in place them to climate risks inclusive governance via Forestry) CF - 3 Research Report increases the formal CBET and Community showing number of communities’ management plans, and Fisheries (CFi) households and resilience. biodiversity through community conservation through ecotourism enterprises Nature-based Solutions. benefiting from tourism-related fair benefit-sharing mechanisms or capacity-building (e.g., homestays, hospitality training) - 10 coastal administrations integrating Nature- based Solutions (NbS), Ecosystem- based Adaptation (EbA), or coastal spatial planning into 115 tourism development plans

53 Promote MoT 0 - Developed of 3 -Enhances climate - Improves 7, 12, PS: Activity to be Solar energy 1.2 C environmentall guidelines /prakas on resilience by reducing environmental quality, 13 undertaken in close systems, y friendly environmentally environmental visitor experience, and cooperation with composting practices in the friendly practices in degradation and community health. private sector and waste tourism sector, the tourism sector improving resource - Creates green jobs and players. segregation engaging - 5 ecotourism sites efficiency in tourism supports Cambodia’s bins, stakeholders that conduct areas. shift to a circular recycling (private sector greenery-landscape, - Practices like tree economy and low- infrastructure and tourism use renewable planting help buffer emission development association) energy, and have climate impacts (e.g., pathways. proper waste heat, flooding), solar management. facilities reduce - 5 enterprises reliance on fossil fuels, awarded Green and improved waste Hospitality systems prevent Kampuchea (HoKa) pollution that undermines ecosystem health

54 Enhance the MCFA - 19 sites being - 136 sites being Study Report Strengthening cultural Sustaining tourism, 11 Climate risk 5.209 C Resilience of restored, restored, protected And Annual heritage resilience strengthening cultural mapping, natural and protected and and have adaptive Report enhances their ability identity, supporting non-invasive cultural have adaptive management (29 sites to withstand and biodiversity, and restoration, heritage to management in Koh Ker and Preh recover from creating climate resilient climate change (14 sites in Vihear , 77 sites in environmental, social, resilience. materials, GIS Koh Ker and Angkor World or economic shocks, monitoring, Preh Vihear Heritage Site, 25 site ensuring essential and digital Site, 5 sites in Sambor Prei Kuk functions and reducing heritage site in Sambor Site, 5 sites in other risks documentatio Prei Kuk - provinces) n. SBK) - 1 Cultural Heritage - 105 HHs Sites have climate engaged in the change adaption plan restoration, (Koh Ker) protection, - 705 households and adaptive engaged in the management restoration, of cultural protection, and heritage sites adaptive and associated management of ecosystems cultural heritage sites (100 and associated households in ecosystems (200 Koh Ker and households in Koh Preh Vihear Ker and Preh Vihear Site, 5 Sites, 500 households households in in Angkor , 5 Sambor households in Preikuk) Sambor Preikuk ) 116

55 Promote water MCFA - 1 report/ -2 reports/policy Study report Indigenous water Enhanced biodiversity 11, 4, 1.52 C management policy brief on briefs on traditional and annual management builds conservation, improved 6, 13 resilience by traditional knowledge on water reports resilience by soil health, sustained integrating knowledge on management improving local water livelihoods, traditional and water - 13 water security, sustaining strengthened cultural Indigenous management management plans ecosystems, preserving identity, reduced water - 8 water (schemes) integrate traditional practices, disaster risks, and management management the indigenous and strengthening promotion of low-cost, systems plans knowledge: 1 Koh Ker community adaptive locally adapted, and (schemes) Site, 6 by APSARAS capacities, sustainable resource use integrate the National Authority, safeguarding both practices. indigenous 6by Sambor Preikuk natural ecosystems and knowledge: 1 National Authority cultural heritage under report from - 200 households climate change Preh Vihear benefit from pressures. National integrated water Authority, 6 management based Project done on traditional in 2024 by knowledge both for APSARAS livelihood and National agriculture Authority. 1 - 3 cultural heritage Project done sites that practice the in 2024 by integrated water Sambor management based Preikuk on traditional National knowledge: Koh Ker, Authority Angkor, SPK.

56 Strengthen the MCFA -2 - 3 initiatives to Report of Enhancing adaptive Enhances biodiversity, 11, 4, GESI: Strengthens FPIC, ABS, 1.2 C conservation documented strengthen the initiatives that capacity, preserving preserves cultural 6, 13 gender equality, digital and records (Koh conservation using implement to ecosystem services, heritage, strengthens youth and IP rights heritage development of Ker and Preah traditional knowledge strengthen the sustaining traditional livelihoods and sustains and participation documentatio application of Vihear - One report of NTFPs conservation livelihoods, improving traditional livelihoods, n, and other traditional heritage sites) used and its and food and water empowers communities, relevant knowledge of traditional economic value to development security, and improves water and soil practices knowledge promote household of traditional empowering management, supports related to livelihood knowledge Indigenous disaster resilience, and biodiversity, - 300 households of communities and promotes inclusive ecosystem Indigenous Peoples youth to manage governance—delivering use, or actively practicing or climate and social, environmental, climate applying traditional environmental risks. and economic co- resilience knowledge related to benefits. practices ecosystem management or climate adaptation

57 Increase forest MCFA - 140,324 trees - 76,250 trees planted Study Report Enhances climate It improves 13, 15 1.2 C restoration planted in the in the cultural And Annual resilience by reducing environmental quality, areas at cultural cultural heritage site: 40,000 Report environmental visitor experience, and heritage sites heritage site: Koh Ker and Preh degradation and community health. It 109,074 in Koh Vihear World improving ecosystem also creates green jobs Ker and Preh Heritage Site, 30,000 resilience in tourism and supports Cambodia’s 117 Vihear World in Angkor World areas. Practices like shift to a circular Heritage Site, Heritage Site, and tree planting help to economy and low- 30,000 in 6250 in SPK. World reduce climate impacts emission development Angkor World Heritage Site (e.g., heat, flooding). pathways. Heritage Site, - 2,500 tourists in 1250 in SPK. Angkor World World Heritage Site tourists Heritage Site. participating in forest - 2000 tourists restoration participating initiatives. in the “1 - 3040 ha restored or Tourist 1 reforested within and Tree” forest around cultural restoration heritage sites: 30ha in initiative at Koh Ker and Preh heritage sites. Vihear World - 3084 ha Heritage Site, 10ha in restored or Angkor World reforested Heritage Site, 3000ha within and in SPK. World around Heritage Site cultural heritage sites: 74ha in Koh Ker and Preh Vihear, 10ha in Angkor World Heritage Site, 3000ha in SPK Disaster and climate risk management

58 Improve early NCDM - 154,000 -1.2 million poor Number of The availability of real- Water resources, 1, 5, GESI: - Automatic 8.97 C warning Subscribers to households household/pe time climate data meteorology, and 13 - % of women in the Weather and systems by the EWS1294 connected to ople register supports informed agriculture will also coverage areas Hydrological ensuring - EW4All EWS1294 to the system decision-making and benefit from potential reporting access to Stations inclusive implementati -50% of people living enhances community- cross-sectoral activities. early warning available, dissemination on roadmap with disabilities, at Annual Report level preparedness and system alerts. integrated and integrating developed least 50% of response to disasters. - # of people from into a broader digital - EWS indigenous people marginalized groups Integrated platforms with materials for and (including youth Water impact-based disability at least 80% of and PwDs) report Resource forecasting inclusion women have access access to accessible Management under the Early being to the alert early warning (IWRM) Warning for All developed mechanism, system alerts System. (EW4ALL) - No endorsed - National EW4All - # of IPs report - Real-time initiative. EWS SOPs roadmap access to accessible technology- implemented and early warning based monitored system alerts forecasting - EWS materials for (culturally developed by disability inclusion appropriate/ in advanced developed and rolled simple language/ meteorologica 118 out using visual l societies - EWS SOPs endorsed information) worldwide and disseminated - EWS1294 early warning system

59 Strengthen NCDM -AA protocol - Harmonized multi- Annual report This helps reduce Fosters stronger 1, 5, GESI: 8.4 C disaster for floods hazard AA protocols disaster impacts and coordination among 13 % of women and preparedness developed endorsed and piloted strengthens local government agencies, other marginalized and resilience - AA integrated in coping mechanisms. humanitarian actors, groups (PwDs, IPs, by integrating -AA working national policies and By tailoring existing and local stakeholders— LGBTIQA+ and anticipatory group strategies social protection leading to more efficient youth) benefitting action (AA), established programmes and disaster governance. securing - DRF Strategy is delivery systems to be - Ensures that vulnerable appropriate - DRF Strategy operationalized for more responsive to populations especially financing, and launched but AA shocks, vulnerable the poor, elderly, enhancing local not yet populations can women, and persons and community operationalize receive timely support with disabilities receive capacities. d for AA during crises, targeted support, enhancing their ability promoting equity and to recover and adapt reducing social and economic disparities. - Enhances public understanding of climate risks and encourages proactive behaviors, fostering a culture of preparedness.

60 Strengthen the NCDM - National -National Annual report - It promotes long-term - Enhance overall 1, 5, GESI: EWS1294 10.3 C preparedness contingency contingency plan for risk-informed planning preparedness and 13 - % of women at the early warning and response plan for flood drought and heat Training that reflects the needs coordination, while communes system capacities of - 25 provincial wave developed report of all community ensuring the needs of participating in the national and contingency - CDPs & CIPs members, including vulnerable groups are development of Kobo toolbok local plans for incorporate inclusive Number of women, children, addressed and emergency response for data institutions and flood. DRM/DRR measures research PWDs, and strengthens inclusive and contingency collect for communities - Commune - Sectoral (e.g., marginalized groups. preparedness. plans. PRISM through Development Education, Health, - It facilitates better - Improves anticipatory - % of most mainstreaming Plans (CDP) WASH, Food data integration and action and minimizes vulnerable migration and and Systems, Shelter, etc.) sharing, supporting sectoral losses. individuals displacement Commune contingency plans effective forecasting, - Enhance data on including PwDs and trends, gender Investment incorporate inclusive vulnerability climate linked migration LGBTQIA+ members and disability Plans (CIPs) DRR principles assessments, and SRSP. and displacement to have access to safe inclusion. don’t Reliable, real-time data inform planning and contingency systematically is crucial for timely protect displaced measures incorporate action and targeted populations. DRM/DRR resource allocation. measures - Capacity building ensures a well- coordinated, skilled, and informed response mechanism during disaster. 119 - Strengthening data exchange and coordination at the sub-national and community levels improves the accuracy and rapid needs assessments, IDPoor list updates, and early warning dissemination.

61 Enhance NCDM - Disaster Risk -Updated risk - Annual - Inclusive knowledge -Promotes inclusive 13, 11 GESI: # of women, 2.34 C disaster risk Assessment assessment report products to strengthen policies ,1,5 youth and members analytics and Index developed by the - Number of equity in planning by - Enhances the accuracy of other vulnerable identify developed and Government Dashboard addressing diverse and relevance of groups engaged in vulnerable launched (AI- - Updated multi- updated needs. preparedness plans, the design of the communities to powered disaster Risk - Inclusive risk and benefiting high-risk and knowledge support disaster risk Assessment vulnerability underserved groups. products. evidence-based assessment in - PRISM, CamDi and assessment to improve - Improves coordination, decision- Cambodia) other relevant tools targeted, risk-informed reduces duplication, and making. - PRISM and are fully integrated decisions. supports faster, more CamDi into the Government - Enhance data sharing effective decision- developed but system to support to enable faster, making. not fully decision-making. coordinated, and integrated -Strengthening effective responses. into decision making for Government disaster risk decision- management using making down scale climate process data - NCDDS is generating data and info related to vulnerabilities (such as down scale climate risk and vulnerability assessment) at the local level

62 Establish, MoWRA Baseline: 86 a) Installation of 50 Annual report It enhances the The data can be utilized 5, 6, GESI: 5-10% women Automatic 25.64 C improve, M automatic Meteorological Project Report country's preparedness across multiple sectors 13 to be involved in weather and modernize and stations stations networks and response to and applied to both network and hydrological rehabilitate an renovated [Meteorological environmental shocks. short-term and long- monitoring plan stations to automated Synoptic stations term projections, development enhance data nation- wide (Automatic weather By facilitating inter- planning and monitoring collection and meteorology stations), Automatic ministerial agreements processes. monitoring monitoring and manual Rain on mechanisms and Improve dissemination, available. network and gauge stations, protocols for data information and data Doppler weather exchange, government awareness raising efforts management radar, ministries and agencies Improve evidence-based 120 system in order Upper Air can work more data collection that can to collect and (Radiosonde) collaboratively and inform better design and transmit stations, Wind profile efficiently. project proposals meteorological stations, Heat wave data to improve stations, Marine It supports the meteorological meteorological development of forecasting for stations (Bouy), climate-informed risk short, medium Earthquake and assessments and and long range tsunamis observation strategic planning, and and support and monitoring it increases the early warning stations, Global availability and use of systems Telecommunication national System (GTS), meteorological and Meteorology Satellite hydrological data, receiving Station strengthens decision- (Himawari8/9 and making processes and GK-2A), NWP model contributes to more short, medium, long- resilient and adaptive range, 90+ automated responses to climate- hydrological stations related challenges. ) b) 51 automated weather stations c) 410 automated ground water stations d) Coverage: at least 40 % of the country with priority areas e) 26 staff members of PDWRAM offices will receive capacity building on meteorology, weather monitoring and data collection f) Web-portal on agro-meteorological advisory By: 2035 Coverage: 100 % of the country

63 Establishment MoWRA 0 Integrated Data Annual and It enhances the -Strengthened 5, 6, GESI: Gender and The National 10.1 C and M Service Platform project report capacity of Collaboration Among 13 age disaggregated Water modernization hosted at MoWRAM communities and Major Water Users data is collected and Resources of a centralized to provide data to ecosystems to adapt to - Helps reverse or halt used at the water Data and stakeholders who and recover from the negative impacts of resource Management standardized demand for environmental stresses overdevelopment by management info Center meteorological hydrometeorological and shocks, and it promoting responsible center (NWRDMC) is and data (Web portal for serves as a unifying and equitable water supported by hydrological data service) mechanism that aligns management. partners such data centre for and supports - Ensures that water as the Asian coherence across systems continue to Development 121 water global frameworks support both human Bank (ADB), management related to needs and the health of European sustainability, climate ecosystems within the Investment resilience, and disaster basin. Bank (EIB), preparedness - Improve evidence- Meteo France based data collection International, that can inform better and others. design and project proposals Social protection, social services and child protection

64 Building climate GS-NSPC -2025: 90% of - 95% of IDPoor - NSAF Family Improved adaptive Enhanced coordination 1, 2, GESI: Ensure gender Extensive 657.2 C resilience IDPoor households Package MIS capacity of the for disaster risk 5, 8, equity and disability mobile among poor, households registered in the data population, especially management response, 10, 13 inclusion by banking vulnerable and registered in Family Package disaggregated among climate improved levels of prioritizing network at-risk the Family programme by age, sex, vulnerable groups, awareness among support/targeted and G2P population by Package disability reduced risk of communities campaigns for online strengthening programme - 1114 schools under status impoverishment due to female-headed payment routine social - 2024: 553 the national Home- - Reported by climate shocks, households and systems; protection schools under Grown School MoEYS-WFP advancement towards marginalized IDPoor, programmes the national Feeding programme school records universal social groups. Enhance Digital Social and service Home-Grown - 80 % of population - Annual protection floor service delivery Protection delivery School covered by social reporting commitments (adopted mechanism and/or Platform Feeding health protection from GS-NSPC in 2012 by countries finance awareness (DSPP) in programme including Cambodia), campaigns and expansion - 2024: 45 % of strengthened national training. Track population systems, ownership using disaggregated covered by and accountability data by gender, age social health disability. protection

65 Reducing GS-NSPC 2025: 0 -4 operational Annual Timely responses to Improved disaster 1, 5, GESI: Climate PRISM and 190.6 C climate guidance developed reporting shocks tailored to the preparedness and 11, 13 forecasts/data IDPoor, vulnerability and endorsed to from GS-NSPC needs of specific response across informed EWS1294 among poor, make SRSP Annual groups will reduce vulnerable communities programme system vulnerable, and - 3 disaster risk tracking of vulnerability by and systems, designed will allow established, at-risk assessments technical enabling communities strengthened trust and for needs-based work on API population by conducted specifications to prepare for and cope engagement in social service packages as between implementing for different climate and API effectively with the protection programmes well as tailored IDPoor and shock hazards, focusing on reports impacts of climate and overall governance, messaging for EWS1294 responsive poor, vulnerable and shocks, thereby reduced physical and women, youth, ongoing, social at-risk minimizing loss of life economic losses and elderly persons, Mobile based protection population and property. mitigated impacts from ethnic minorities SMS and IVR (SRSP) and - 2 Impact based The use and expansion climate related and persons with (Interactive improving triggers of SRSP will also hazards disabilities, using Voice interoperability established for SRSP strengthen government inclusive languages Response) of social to address systems, delivery and formats. Track systems for protection different climate mechanisms and using data alert systems hazards improve efficiency of disaggregated by dissemination - 5 databases/ systems operations, thus gender, age and , trials with integrated with the increasing systemic disability. use of AI Social Protection resilience in addition to undergoing, Registry to ensure community resilience real time 122 interoperability for tracking of rapid data sharing hazard during climate shocks information - 40 training provided to sub-national administrations in areas at risks of climate change disaster on social protection and climate adaptation

66 Enabling a just GS-NSPC 2025: 0 -50,000 IDPoor - Annual Targeting based on Strengthening of local 1, 5, GESI: Vulnerable Mobile 42.4 C and inclusive households receiving tracking of climate vulnerability economy; less reliance 8, 9, groups in most at- banking for transition by Graduation based graduation- indicators allows on negative coping 13, 15 risk areas exposed quick wage expanding Social Protection based selection of households strategies to cope with to climate hazards payments, social Programme programme’s that are most at risk climate risks and prioritized for IDPoor protection to - 1 completed design beneficiary from climate events, increased financial income support and database those whose and pilot of the data and safeguards capacities of households income indicating livelihoods Family Package disaggregated economic destitution and communities, diversification number of are/will be Referral and Linkage by age sex, by building household leading to improved options. Training individual s in affected by mechanism disability level capacities health, wellbeing, included will enable natural climate change. - 2 feasibility studies status Complementary human development and climate smart resource conducted to set up - Annual training will promote reducing overall agriculture and dependent additional new social reporting by income diversification vulnerability to climate productive livelihoods protection GS-NSPC and investments in change impacts investments that disaggregated programmes productive assets, safeguard loss of by age, sex, thereby reducing income due to disability and underlying climate hazards ethnicity vulnerabilities and when dependent on preventing negative one source of coping strategies income. Track using data disaggregated by gender, age, and disability.

67 Establishing the GS-NSPC 2025: 0 2 feasibility studies End line Affordability of safe, Improves living 1, 5, GESI: Prioritize IDPoor for 0.74 C foundations for conducted to reporting on climate resilient conditions and public 6, 7, housing for female- identification climate- assess housing completed housing reduces health and WASH, 11, headed households, of urban poor, sensitive support mechanisms feasibility vulnerability to climate reduces urban heat 13 elderly residents, urban housing related for poor and study hazards (e.g., floods, islands; increases persons with greening support for vulnerable groups heatwaves) and economic opportunities disabilities, and technology poor, improves health through construction young girls moving examples, vulnerable and outcomes – thus and renovation activities; to urban cities from expanding at risk enhancing the adaptive promotes coordinated rural areas. Digital Social population capacity of different and climate sensitive Additionally, youth Protection through the groups. Additional urban development could be involved in Platform. social subsidies for meeting planning urban greening protection increased energy costs projects as part of system can also help in public works building resilience and programs, thus preventing additional supporting skill- 123 expenses among poor building and households employment. PS: Could be involved in green technology supply.

68 Expand MOSVY Baseline: 0 By 2035: Admin. The service providers Through intervention, 3, 10 GESI: Data Laptops and 2.777 C Specialized - # victims and Report and use case management counselling, care and disaggregated by Apps such as Social Services vulnerable Integration procedures to analyze therapy, clients will have gender and age to Ms. Office and (SSS) and individuals received Case the causes, problems better health, and SSS obtain the specific data analysis reinforce the counselling attached Management and needs of the clients will help cut down the number of women, tools climate with climate System (ICMS) to link them to social expense and time of the elderly women, and resilience of all resilience knowledge services and SSS that individual and family for girls who are victims Integration rehabilitation 340,000 PwDs holding they need the most. not visiting the hospital. and vulnerable Case Manage- centers, PwDs Card Through intervention individuals ment System residential care 300,000 Elderly as the and counselling, they Having a green receiving safe and (ICMS) institutions member of can observe and obtain environment and energy supportive (RCIs) and association information relevant to at the center of RCIs can emergency communities. 3,500 Homeless any disasters and reduce state expenses responses and other People global warming that and promote a healthy SSS before, during, 9,499 Children and can cause heat stroke, environment for the and after climate- Youth in the centers: mental health residents. induced natural - Evaluated as a problems, eye disasters. standard of climate- problems, etc. During resilient place for the the services, clients victims and will obtain basic vulnerable groups: knowledge of how to

252 RCIs adapt to climate

1 Juvenile Center resilience at home and

5 Transit Centers outdoors.

19 Drug Rehab. All the residents in Centers state, private and NGO

15 Rehab. Centers for centers/RCIs need to be PwD. trained to adapt the - 5 policies and SOPs climate resilience. All built or updated to centers/RCIs need to include the climate meet the standard of resilience, disaster green environment and risk reduction and energy. emergency response intervention for victim and vulnerable groups in the centers and RCIs

69 Integrate MOSVY - Social -Quality assurance Child Builds institutional - Ensures more 5, 10, GESI: Primero case 3.180947 C disaster risk service system for social Protection resilience by responsive child 16, 13 - Gender-responsive management reduction and workforce service workforce is Information integrating climate and protection services and disability- system climate change quality well developed (score Management disaster risk during climate-related inclusive social Child into the assurance 16) System, considerations into emergencies. service workforce Protection planning, system - 379 trained social Government social service - Strengthens legal and - Youth inclusion in Information development inclusive of service workforce Partners workforce quality assurance training Management and support of climate have engaged in reports development. systems for a climate- development and System 124 the Social change (DRR disaster risk Primero case Strengthening the legal informed social service community Registration, Service and Climate reduction, climate management framework, quality workforce. outreach activities. Accreditation Workforce Resilient SSW) change adaption and system assurance, and -DRR: Enhances and Licensing through developed and climate resilience capacity of the frontline capacity to PS: Opportunities to System enhancement of operational programming workforce ensures a respond to child engage training Supervision legal - Baseline: (preparedness and more adaptive and protection risks linked to institutions or tech System framework, Quality response) responsive child climate shocks. providers in Human adoption of assurance - Climate responsive protection system - Supports use of climate workforce capacity Resource quality system for child protection during climate-related data and case building and data Information assurance social service services case emergencies. management systems to systems. Management system and workforce is management system inform services. System capacity in developed and - Promotes disability- operationalised to building of the development responsive and gender- identify and address SSW. stage (score 8 sensitive protection protection risks of 16) in 2023 through capacitated, during displacement and - Baseline: 0 resourced, and social recovery. service workforce - A system enabled social service workforce to collect, analyse and share data (e.g. displacement tracking, damage, loss and recovery needs assessments…) developed and operationalized

70 Embed child MOSVY Baseline: 0 -1 research and study MoSVY and - Builds system -Reduces exposure to 5, 10, GESI: Addresses Primero case 1.72 C protection on children in the NCCT report resilience by ensuring violence, exploitation, 16, 13 vulnerabilities of management provisions in context of migration climate-sensitive child and trafficking during girls, migrant system climate policies and human protection systems can climate-related children, and Child and planning to trafficking with deep more effectively displacement trafficked children Protection address dive of impact of respond to risks such - Embeds child through integrated Information children climate change as trafficking, violence, protection into national and inclusive Management affected by - 2 MoU (2026) or and unsafe migration. and cross-border protection System climate change, SOPs on child - Embedding case migration and mechanisms. particularly protection in the management and adaptation policies. PS: Potential to child context of migration, social work into - Increases protection for collaborate with ICT trafficking, trafficking, violences adaptation and children on the move and data providers migration, and with inclusive of migration planning during climate-induced to strengthen case repatriation, climate change enhances the crises. management and and to ensure adaptation developed protective environment - Strengthens data migration tracking adoption of risk and endorsed for children facing systems to inform child- systems. mitigation for - 5000 children in the climate-induced focused migration and children context of migration, displacement. trafficking responses. affected by trafficking, violences - Supports targeted case climate change, with inclusive of management for high- with a focus on climate change risk and marginalised case adaptation received children. management child protection and social work services 125 Food systems

71 Shift food CARD -Median daily -Median daily per Median daily GHG reduction: 2, 3, GESI: improved Available 42.336 C consumption per capita capita consumption per capita Modelling undertaken by 12, 13 access to healthy towards more consumption of key food groups consumption WFP and WB suggests and nutritious food nutritious, of key food - Rice ≤330 of foods to be that a population-level for vulnerable calculated healthier and groups - Fruit & vegetables shift to healthier diets groups using more - Rice ≥400 household could reduce GHG sustainable 427g/day - Red meat (beef & food emissions from food PS: Rice millers for diets. - Fruit & pork) ≤10 consumption consumption by 31%, or blending fortified vegetables - Other animal foods data from the approximately 9.7 rice 304g/day (poultry, fish, eggs, Cambodia MtCO2e. - Red meat dairy) 50–200 Socioeconomi (beef & pork) -Legumes, nuts & c Survey Health and Education 37g/day seeds >0 (CSES) (every 2 years). Other animal - 77% (2030) Baseline foods Cambodia. N$G values (poultry, fish, Commitment calculated egg, dairy) using CSES 189g/day 2021 data. Legumes, nuts Targets based & seeds on the WHO 0g/day Healthy Diet Guidelines, - Minimum the EAT- Dietary Lancet Diversity for Planetary Women Health Diet, (MDD-W): and a recent 57% (CDHD study 2021) undertaken by the World Bank and WFP on Healthy & Sustainable Diets in Cambodia (forthcoming) . WFP can support CARD & NIS with data analysis.

72 Reducing food CARD Baseline 0 -One baseline study CARD Annual Strong Environmental benefits 12, 13 Available, 2.76 C loss and waste completed Report although not - 3 policies and (evidence Good potential for widely programmes produced with mitigation through employed in developed with support from reduction of food loss Cambodia stakeholders. line ministries and waste - 8 studies completed, and DPs) innovations supported and pilot projects completed. 126 Air quality

73 Enhance air MoE (2025) (2035) Annual MoE Strengthen public -Promotes 3, 13, GESI: Mobile Yes Total: C quality - 13 reference - 28 stations (15 new report and health resilience by environmental 11 application will be 15.06 monitoring: air quality stations) installed. data collected enhancing early awareness, supports available in Khmer CAPEX: expand monitoring from warning systems for public health and designed for 9.8 coverage and stations were - The Chakra mobile monitoring climate-related health interventions, and accessibility by OPEX: 5.2 upgrade installed (3 application will be stations risks, providing timely empowers communities women, vulnerable equipment and stations in the upgraded to transmitted to data that enables through improved access group, and persons the centralized capital city incorporate advanced central vulnerable to information. with disabilities. data center and 10 system features, servers communities to take - Enhances intersectoral stations in enhancing precautionary coordination and policy provinces). functionality through measures, adopt alignment on air quality, - website and the advance of the appropriate behavioral health, and climate app monitoring responses during high action. established centralized center. pollution events (e.g., https://airqual reduced outdoor ity.moe.gov.k exposure), and support h/home the implementation of emergency health protocols.

74 Strengthen MoE N/A -By 2027, a platform Annual Improved air quality, -Enhances institutional 3, 9, GESI: Promotes Yes Total: 31 U/C emission to collect AQ data reports, data reduced respiratory capacity for pollution 11, 13 gender-responsive CAPEX: control and from factories is from the illnesses, green job control and reduces occupational health 22.2 management in operationalized. platform, and creation through climate-related health standards in OPEX: 8.9 factories inspection pollution control risks for urban and peri- industrial zones; - By 2035, 100% of reports. technology, and urban populations includes social cement and coal improved industrial exposed to industrial safeguards for power plants with compliance capacity. emissions. workers Continuous - High potential to Emissions monitor the actual PS: encourages Monitoring System reduction of GHG and private sector (CEMS) equipped and non-GHG pollutants investment in clean 80% of garment (black carbon, dust) technologies factories have from combustion emission control processes, contributing systems installed. to national mitigation commitments

75 Promote air MoE N/A By 2035: 5 pilot Annual Improves urban air -Enhanced public and 3,11,1 GESI: 20% of Yes Total: 6.5 C quality control projects implemented reports and quality and reduces private sector 3 women's CAPEX: 4 and in selected major inspection vulnerability to collaboration on participation in the OPEX: 2.5 management in urban construction reports. respiratory health compliance and activities construction sites. impacts from sustainable construction sites construction-related practices. dust and emissions, Impact of decent works particularly in densely and workers’ health populated areas. conditions. 127 ENABLING MEASURES Indicator Costing Crosscutting Technology U, C, # Title Lead LM Co-benefits SDGs [Mln Baseline indicator Targets MRV topics availability U/C USD] Education, information and awareness raising

1 Implement safe schools and MoEYS - 85 Eco-schools - 1000 schools will MoEYS annual Contributing to 4,5,9,13 GESI: 50% of girls and Eco-school 63.391 U/C Eco-schools to promote (68=MoE, 17=MoEYS) implement eco-schools report, environmental women are guidelines environmental sustainability, - 114 (primary) safe by 2035. Education friendliness by participating in (2016, MoE ensure resilient facilities, school (MoEYS with - 1000 schools will Congress implementing an Eco- implementing Eco- and MoEYS) uphold child rights, and CRF) implement safe schools report school and Safe School schools and safe support continuous learning - 74 (primary) Safe by 2035. Frameworks. schools. Children with Safe School schools and Eco- disabilities are also Framework schools (MoEYS with participating. (2023, MoEYS) support from Save the Children)

2 Update curricula, textbooks MoEYS Develop and At least one Student Curriculum Students shall understand 4,5,13 GESI: 1. Education 1.5 U/C and other pedagogical implement the Learning Outcome on Department the concept of climate - Curriculum revisions for documents for learning, and supplementary climate change in one reports, change mitigation, will integrate inclusive sustainable teaching in response to climate documents (from subject of primary Primary pollution, biodiversity, and gender-responsive development: change, in primary and primary to education, and at least education, environmental climate change content a roadmap secondary education secondary) one in one subject of curricula and conservation and 5Rs. - Engagement of 2. Greening secondary education. syllabi students and youth curriculum Secondary representatives guidance: education PS: teaching and curricula and Involvement of private learning for syllabi, education and ed-tech climate action Education providers in developing Congress innovative, climate- report focused teaching and learning materials.

3 Upgrade non-formal education MoEYS By 2025, 23 Lifelong By 2035, 50 LLCs Non-Formal Students shall understand 4,5,13 GESI: 1. Education 0.4 U/C curriculum to build green Learning implement updated Education the concept of climate - green skills training for competencies Centers (LLCs) curriculum (NFE) reports change mitigation, for out-of-school youth, sustainable upgraded on LLCs pollution, biodiversity, women, and development: implementati environmental marginalized groups a roadmap on of conservation and 5Rs - Youth perspectives 2. Greening standards and strategies will inform the design curriculum curriculum of non-formal learning guidance: pathways teaching and PS: learning for Private sector actors climate action will contribute to identifying priority green competencies and co-developing training modules that match labour market demands.

4 Mainstream climate change in MoEYS No data available By 2035, all teacher Teacher Enhances to understand 4,5,13 GESI: 1. Education 4.45 U/C Pre-Service teacher education educators, pre-service Training the concept of climate - Equip teachers with for and in-service teacher training teachers, and in-service Department change mitigation, the skills to deliver sustainable 128 teachers in Early reports on in- pollution reduction, climate education that development: Childhood Education, service biodiversity, is inclusive, gender- a roadmap primary and secondary courses Pre- environment responsive, and 2. Greening education trained on service syllabi conservation and 5Rs tailored to the diverse curriculum climate change strategies. needs of learners. guidance: - Young trainees will teaching and be empowered as learning for future leaders of climate action climate education through, climate-aware teacher preparation.

5 Mainstream climate change MoEYS Only some strategies - By 2035, at least 1 ESP 2024-2028 - Enhances climate 4,5,13 GESI: 1. Roadmap 0.2 U/C into Education Strategic Plan in ESP 2019-2023 strategy and o1e KPI per Annual change adaptation - Strategic planning will for Education 2028-2032 and ESP operational priority program (as Operational - Integrates CC into integrate gender- and in sustainable plans structured in ESP 2024- Plans Policy, Planning & equity-sensitive climate development 2028) refers to climate Guidelines objectives to ensure 2. ESP 2024- change resilience inclusive access to 2028 - ESP operational plans quality, climate- 3. Strategies integrate climate change resilient education for and resilience measures all learners. interventions - Youth will be in the ESP consulted in the 4. Framework development of the ESP for the and operational plans. Implementati on of ESD beyond 2019

6 Promote environmental MLVT • < 5% of TVET - At least 60% of all public Annual report - Green job creation and 4, 5, 8, Gender equality, youth Basic digital 3 C sustainability and climate graduates trained in TVET students graduate entrepreneurship 9, 12, empowerment, rural and classroom resilience in Cambodia by the green concept with certified green skills - Gender empowerment 13, 17 inclusion, digital tools, solar integrating green concepts into • 0 green institutions (generic or specific); and social inclusion transformation, private energy kits, the national Technical and • N/A female - 20 institutions - Safer and healthier sector engagement smart Vocational Education and participation implementing Green learning environments agriculture Training (TVET) system. TVET practices. - Local innovation and tools, and community resilience green training materials.

7 Expand the number of MoINFO - 11 roundtables - 20 workshops/2,400 - Annual Green journalism jobs 13 GESI: Existing 0.481 U/C broadcasting programs on - 71 news articles journalists trained on report and Preserving traditional - At least 20% women digital and climate change to increase (Khmer, English and climate change and survey of knowledge access to training, physical understanding, promote best French, and 1 Photo combating fake news. sample Better understanding of roundtable and access platforms -10 million people practices and combat news population good environmental to media/broadcasting reached through 1,000 misinformation - 62 topics of news banners in provinces through practices programs feature (national -10 million people Provincial - # of women, radio) reached from 18,000 Department of Indigenous People, - 68 topics of news individual broadcasts by Information people with disabilities feature (AKP) 5 private and state TV on the and local communities - 40 topics of news stations audiences of reached through feature (App -20 million people radio, TVs and broadcasting and MoINFO) reached by 12,000 banners. reporting on climate individual broadcasts change from 25 public and state - 20 people from marginalized groups 129 radio stations across 25 (women, Indigenous provinces People, people with - Broadcasts in Khmer disabilities and youth) and in indigenous supported to serve as languages resource people for -10 million viewers reached through 18,000 training of journalists social media posts on 5 and as journalists social channels -1,200 print articles

8 Increase awareness and MoE - KAP4 (2024): 84% of - Development of two • Annual - Increased public 13, 14, GESI: Existing 0.42 U/C understanding of climate population is aware new KAP studies (KAP5 report of the support for the 15 - Number of digital and change related concepts and of the term “climate and 6), aiming at 90-95% awareness- achievement of learning/dissemination physical environmental pollution change” but only of sample population is raising mitigation and adaptation events on climate platforms aware of the term among the public. 27% understand it campaigns, actions in different change including a “climate change” and at - 4 public campaigns least 40-45% understands trainings and sectors. gender component organized by GDEKI it materials, - Increased capacities of - 50% of audiences per year - 25-30 awareness-raising including various stakeholders to reached are women, - MoE’s social media and pledging campaigns social media meaningfully contribute IPs, PWD and youth following (as of (5/year by 2030, 6/year by metrics to consultations and the - 25% campaigns 6/2025): 2035) • KAP5 and 6 Environment Impact designed in FB: 460,000, - MoE’s social media studies Assessment (EIA) collaboration with YouTube: 3,063 following: FB (1 400,000), • Detailed process. marginalized groups YouTube (4,500), Tiktok TikTok: 41,600 report on the and accessible to all (200,000) -organize 6 forums per annual (disabilities, age and year to disseminate climate language) environment and natural change resource codes and conference climate change related participation topics and engage up to and outcomes 2100 people/year with awareness raising activities led by MIns - production and distribution of knowledge products (1,000 poster/year, 2,100 brochures/year, 2,100 booklet/year, 2 videos/year, on TV and social media) on laws and climate change-related topics (MIns)

9 Promote climate conscious MoE/ NCSD 3 trainings/ year - 40 trainings conducted Training Increased level of 13, 16 GESI: Number of 0.183 U/C thinking among civil servants by Dept. of reports implementation across officials trained on Environmental Education mitigation and adaptation gender and climate (4/year) actions in different change links, - 4,000 (1,000/year) sectors. participation data government officials disaggregated by sex trained by 2035

10 Continue enhancing public MoE/ NCSD - Annual average of - An annual average of In-built 13, 16 GESI: 60% of people Existing 0.152 U/C access to climate change 47,000 visitors of the 50,000 visitors of the tracking accessing the resources digital climate change page on function of on the portal and platform, 130 information through the NCSD CC page on the NCSD the NCSD website the NCSD website are women, potentially portal website - A total of 100, 000 website and IPs, PWD and youth adding an AI - A total of 38,544 downloads of documents data portal chatbot. downloads from the from the NCSD website NCSD web and data and data portal portal (2024) - A total of 1200 - A total of 410 publications dedicated to publications climate change available dedicated to CC on the NCSD website available (NCSD website)

11 Strengthen community MOH 0 - At least 80% of VHSGs -Annual MOH - Improved attendance 3, 11, GESI: appropriately Total: C resilience to climate-related have received Report and ability to focus on 12, 13 tailored messaging and 13.05 health risks by developing and standardized training on - Campaign to learning engagement for implementing public climate-sensitive raise - Greater awareness of women or other 1. 5.5 awareness campaigns on diseases, injuries, and awareness health-related impact of vulnerable populations 2. 5.1 climate-sensitive diseases (e.g., mental health reported pollution, water resource (children, youth, 3. 0.25 dengue, malaria), injuries (e.g., - 100% of population -Subnational management and the elderly, disabled) in 4. 0.5 drowning, snakebites), reached through plans environment high priority/risk areas 5. 1.7 nutrition, and mental health, awareness activities - IEC/BCC - Improved economic with targeted messaging for - 25 Provinces and 60% of produced and opportunities vulnerable groups communes and province distributed - Increased local have completed - DDF ownership, governance, (Human health and WASH) community preparedness Training and participation plans reports - Improved awareness, - One national mass public health literacy, media (or similar) self-protection behavior, campaign annually preparedness, and - 70% of end use site response capacity managers that receive certified training on food hygiene and safety

12 Research/Evidence generation MOH 0 - At least one health -Annual - Enhanced attendance 3, 13 R; remote Total: 2.4 C and knowledge management sector mapping exercise Report of and learning ability sensing data, for climate impacts, including conducted by 2028 with a MOH - Strengthened infection QGIS 1. 0.25 adaptation and mitigation set of recommendations -Health risk prevention and control in DIS 2. 1.3 actions, with consideration for on adaptation and assessments - health facilities 3. 0.55 determinants of health. mitigation measures Number of - Enhanced 4. 0.3 [includes healthcare waste based on the mapping by climate- environmental and management, impact of air 2030 related threats economic opportunities pollution, supply chain - At least one health risk assessed/ident - Improved responsive management, carbon footprint, assessment per climate- ified and adaptive policy etc.]. related threats such as - Strengthened resilience heatwaves, drought, through early prediction (Human health and WASH) flood and proactive decision- - At least one study and making one prediction model - Increased evidence on initiated by 2029 and one the impact of CC on survey every 3 years health 131

13 Increase awareness and MRD Number of 100% of vulnerable rural MRD WASH - Increases uptake of 6, 12, GESI: 0.815 U/C knowledge in the vulnerable communes reached communes information hygiene and disease 13, 14, Number of women rural communes, including in the awareness management prevention practices, 15 participating in children and young people, on raising campaigns on system + reducing water-borne community education, climate change impacts on climate-WASH provincial diseases. health related risks and WASH services, related health (Annual) monitoring - Increased climate and climate risks. Baseline: risks, and prevention report WASH awareness into 0 (2025); Target 600,000 measures. % of people with KAP Survey schools and informal (2035) Knowledge, Attitude Learning (Human health and WASH) and Practices on - Enhances preparedness climate change through Risk impacts on WASH communication and services (Every 5 localized knowledge. years) - Strengthens local leadership and civic engagement, especially among youth and women.

14 Increase awareness and MPWT % of target areas 100% of target areas MPWT sewage - Reduces disease 6, 13, 3, GESI: Local capacity 2.187 C knowledge in the most reached with and FSM data transmission through 5, 11, - Reaches women with available vulnerable urban awareness raising monitoring improved sanitation 10 practical knowledge for communities, including campaign system behaviors household and women, children and young - Encourages school- community sanitation people, on climate change based WASH awareness, preparedness. impacts on sanitation services, improving student health - Prioritizes related health risks, and and attendance underserved and prevention measures. - Supports participatory climate-vulnerable urban sanitation urban communities. (Human health and WASH) planning and behavior - Empowers young change people as peer - Enhances urban educators and climate populations' resilience advocates. preparedness and - Encourages informed, response to climate- community-led related risks responses to climate- WASH-health challenges.

15 Increase child and youth- MOSVY # of children, Target: 257590 (45% of Annual Report - Increases caregiver and 5, 10, GESI: Application of 3.668 C sensitive commitments of adolescents, parents boys) from MOSVY community capacity to 16, 13 - Ensures public social government to enhance access and caregivers and MOWA protect children from messaging is inclusive behavior to information and public reached through climate-related harm and accessible, with a science, and awareness on climate change Strong Family - Enhances preparedness focus on women, technological and its impacts on the Campaign and through climate literacy children, and persons platforms promotion, protection and Positive Parenting and behavior change at with disabilities. fulfillment of rights of (online and offline) Target: 01 (2030), 01 household and - Positions young children, and support families Baseline: 107,590 (2035) community levels people as key and communities to become (20% of boys) - Improves public access communicators and climate resilient. to child rights and change agents in # of costed climate resilience climate and child (Child protection) communication information protection awareness plans on child rights, - Strengthens community campaigns. 132 child protection and and family resilience by climate actions enhancing skills that PS: Leverages media developed support families in and tech platforms to Baseline: 0 protecting children’s disseminate child- rights and well-being in focused climate the face of climate- messaging. related risks Governance

16 Strengthen the institutional NCSD 4 CC-TWG meetings - At least 3 CC-TWG • Annual Increase availability of 5, 13, GESI: Web portal 0.369 C capacities of the NCSD through per year meetings and 3 reports report of CC- climate data/ information 16 - 60% CC-TWG the Climate Change Technical per year, documenting TWG members receiving Working Group (CC-TWG) achievements and activities, gender and climate integration training expected next steps of coordinated - 1 meeting/year each meeting. by MoE between GMAGs and -1 annual capacity • Training and CC-TWG members assessment mission - 1 event/year bringing -Over 60% of CC-TWG reports first person experience members participate in from marginalised capacity-building groups to CC-TWG to activities raise awareness and understanding of real- life experiences of climate change impacts and traditional ecological knowledge - 1 meeting/year with the representatives from the Disability Action Group. - 1 capacity-building activity per year on GESI and strategy to mainstream GESI into climate change action - 30% of CC-TWG members are women as opposed to the baseline of less than 10%.

17 Enhance environmental MoE - Annual position -1 position paper per Annual report - Better access to finance 13, 16 GESI: 0.365 C diplomacy effort paper for COPs on international event. The by NCSD or resources - 20% women in Climate Change position needs to reflect - Increase international international climate - Participation to 3 all key stakeholders’ relationships change delegations. AWGCC annual voices. - 10% of delegates are meetings. -10 COP outcomes are from non- disseminated with LMs governmental and relevant stakeholders organizations, -Participation to the particularly IPOs annual Meetings of AWGCC

18 Comply with ETF requirements MoE • Annual -Annual NDC/LTS4CN -NDC online Increase the 13 GESI: NDC M&E 0.343 C under Paris Agreement on NDC/LTS4CN reports tracking update and tracking tool, accountability and Framework Climate Change and other available for report is developed and accessible to systematically collects, 133 tracking mechanisms to 20211/2022/2023 validated by CC-TWG LMs and transparency of the validates, and makes facilitate access to climate • BTR1 submitted to members managed by climate action accessible sex- finance UNFCCC in 2024 -Timely submission of MoE disaggregated data • No Carbon Registry the BTR reports to - Carbon UNFCCC registry -Establishment of a system carbon reporting tools/ registry

19 Document evidence-based data MoE 1 data portal on the -12 publications per year - List of - Increase access to 5, 13 GESI: data GIS 0.29 C on climate change to support NCSD website related to technical and publications climate change data and disaggregated by Digital decision making and planning scientific climate change - Number of general understanding of gender, age, vulnerable platform process -3,000 visitors /year users climate change basics group affiliation in the accessing the data portal, accessing the and implication in the design and with data disaggregated data portal Cambodian context. implementation on a by sex, age and type of - Improve quality of climate change indexes audiences proposal development and research projects related to climate change

20 Strengthen subnational NCDD 1.(2025) 0 SNA 1. Number of NCDDS -Improving climate 1, 13 GESI: Research and Software 2 C capacity to assess, manage, and in carrying vulnerable development plans and annual report database and knowledge MRV for climate programme respond to climate change and collaboratio assessment and/or investment programmes sharing change for climate disaster risks in their local n with using climate data to of subnational data analysis areas and enhanced climate MoE, integrate climate and strengthened by using - Strengthening policy for and change coordination MoWRAM, disaster risks into climate data and local governance interpretation mechanism and other NCDM and their development assessments coordination mechanisms. MoWA plans. 2. Sub-national climate 2: Under the change strategy is framework of updated with concrete National Programme actions plans to achieve for Sub-National climate change results Democratic under the NP2 which Development Phase includes vertical and II (NP2), Sub- horizontal coordination national climate for climate change and change strategy was other coordination developed mechanisms. 3: Lack of capacity of 3. By 2030, 50% of women women in leadership in leadership positions positions related to with capacity on climate climate change at CP change at CP, and DMK and DMK (In 2023, (based on MoWA/NCDDS 33% of women are in target: by 2028, 36% of the leadership women in leadership positions at positions at provincial provincial and and capital level and 28% capital level. 21% of at DMK). women are in the 4. SNA PID user manual leadership positions and the SNA PID system at D/M/K levels) are updated to track 4.SNA Project climate finance, target Implement Database area, include GEDSI indicators 134 (PID) has limited GEDSI data

21 Develop an inclusive climate MEF - No carbon registry - Develop and adopt the -Annual - Acceleration of private 8, 13 GESI: 0.43 U/C financing policy framework, - Carbon Credit NDC 3.0 financing report sector investments - Include gender action supported by tools and Secretariat at the strategy 2026, in - National - Creation of green jobs plans into climate coordination mechanisms, to MoE collaboration with MoE carbon - Economic Growth finance proposals - Issue comprehensive mobilize and track climate - Annual CPER registry - Disburse gender- guidelines on climate- expenditures, funds and - Basics for carbon aligned investment and framework responsive climate revenues. Further explore market opportunities public finance, linked to finance opportunities in climate - Operational Manual the Public Financial - Include GESI finance and carbon markets for Article 6 Management Reform provisions in climate - Two Green Bonds (PFM) and the NDC 3.0 finance policies approved through implementation - Provide gender Cambodia - Design and inclusive capacity operationalize a tracking Sustainable Bond building activities to tool on climate-related Accelerator (CSBA) national and sub- expenditures and revenues across sectors national actors and levels of government, and PS: capturing contributions - GCF finance available: from key stakeholders, at least 10 medium to including the private large scale projects sector and DPs financed. - Explore and establish - At least 100 smaller carbon pricing green finance loans instruments, including carbon tax collection provided. mechanisms - 10 green bonds -Establish sub-national created by 2030. climate investment fund mechanisms to mobilize climate finance from diverse sources - Deliver capacity building programs on climate fund mobilization, management, and reporting to national and subnational officials, disaggregating the participation by gender and age

22 Strengthen climate change MoP - CC integrated in the 1.1 CC fully integrated in MoP - Green jobs 1, 2, 5, GESI: All actions and National/ Total C mainstreaming in the National Strategic NSDP, sectoral and SNA Publications - Economic growth 6, 7, 8, strategies to address Capital/ 17.25 development plans, including Development Plan development plans and reports - Resilient livelihoods 10, 11, climate change include Provincial CAPEX: M&E, and in the public (NSDP) and key 1.2 Updated guidelines - Sustainable 12, 13, GESI components. Public 10.618 investment program, at the sectoral for NSDP and Annual environment 14, 15 These measures are Investment OPEX: national/capital/ provincial development plans development plans at Progress integrated both at Program 6.632 levels - CC is tagged in the SNA level formulation, Report/Volunt national and sub- formulation of incl. CC and GEDSI ary National national levels to Public projects in 3-year 1.3. Capacity building on Review of the ensure climate Investment Public Investment development planning, implementati responses are 135 Program (PIP) at incl. CC and GEDSI on of inclusive, equitable, Program national and sub- 1.4 Prepare the Voluntary NSDP/CSDGs and benefit all Database national level National Review (VNR) members of society, 2026 with the report of CC especially vulnerable status in Cambodia groups. 2.1 Annual development of national/ capital/ provincial 3-year rolling PIP, including CC-related projects 2.2 Development of guidelines and capacity building session for the preparation of 3-year PIP at national and sub- national level 2.3 By 2030, online climate investment and funding information available to public and updated annually, including the trend of climate expenditure and potential funding information.

23 Strengthen digital data MAFF Baseline (2025): - data archiving system MAFF annual - Strengthens 13 GESI: Digital systems National C governance and reporting 30 national staff from operationalized across report and coordination and can integrate gender- Platforms 3.50 mechanism to in line with the agriculture sub- key sectors for enhancing NDC tracking accountability across disaggregated and (e.g., Enhanced Transparency sector trained on ETF ETF reporting system government institutions, socially inclusive data, Cambodia Framework (ETF) reporting reporting requirement (2035) supporting data-driven ensuring that climate Climate requirement. requirement - 500 of national and sub- policy and budget actions reflect and Change Data national staff trained on planning, and address the needs of Portal, NIS (Agriculture) ETF-aligned reporting prioritization of women, youth, systems) can and data governance vulnerable Indigenous Peoples, be upgraded sectors/regions and vulnerable groups. to integrate - Enables better ETF- documentation and compatible justification for data modules. international climate finance

24 Increase the proportion and MOWA Baseline % of women in senior Data sources: 5, 13 See baseline and target 0.05 U capacity of women in -Average for all NDC and mid-level All line columns government leadership and 3.0 ministries: 27% management positions ministries in decision-making roles relevant (2023-2024, MCS) (combined average) by the NDC and to all NDC priority sectors. -Capital and ministry and sub-national with Province: 27.5% level administration of all collaboration (2023-2024, NCDD) NDC 3.0 ministries. (2028) with NCDD -District: 23.5% - Average for all NDC 3.0 for (2024, NCDD) ministries: 31% subnational levels; MCS at 136 - Capital/Province: 32% the national - District: 32% level. Reporting: NDC portal

25 Strengthen sectoral capacity on MOWA Baseline: 5 (2025); - Number of GMAGs and -MOWA, MoE, 5, 13 See baseline and target Training 0.25 C the nexus between gender and CCWTGs trained on the NDCC, and all columns modules. climate change and Baseline: 0 (2025) nexus between gender LMs in the Templates institutional coordination equality and climate NDC sectors at and guidelines between sectoral GMAGs and change Target: 15 (2035) the national for integrate CC-TWGs, as well as between and NDC gender MoWA and MoE for the - Number of gender subnational KPIs in the implementation and mainstreaming actions levels. MOWA ministries' monitoring of gender- and gender equality and training GMAPs. responsive climate actions social inclusion KPIs in reports and NDC 3.0 that are adopted administrative in GMAPs with means of data. implementation. Target:

25 (2035)

26 Enhance the integration of MOWA Baseline 0 (2025) % of climate vulnerability - All LMs in 5, 13 See baseline and target Templates 0.5 C systematic Gender Analysis assessments conducted the NDC columns and guidelines into Climate Vulnerability gender analysis, with sectors in for integrating Assessments and sectoral findings informing collaboration gender planning. gender-responsive with MoWA analysis in climate action. Target 5 - NDC Portal vulnerability (2035) assessments

27 Scale-up the integration of MOWA Baseline: 0 (2025) Number of CC policies -All LMs in the 5, 13 See baseline and target Global 0.45 C gender considerations in enhanced with gender NDC sectors columns knowledge climate-related policies in all equality and social in the green products and NDC sectors, with special focus inclusion considerations economy. tools for on the transition to green in the transition to green -NDC Portal integrating economy. economy. Target 10 GESI in CC (2035). and green economies policies. Policy, planning and capacity building

28 Establish climate-resilient MISTI Guideline not National guidance: 1 Track It supports emissions 5, 6, 8, GESI: Data on training Total: 2.4 C guidelines for planning and available adoption of reduction through 9, 11, disaggregated by sex, CAPEX: managing industrial facilities the national resource-efficient design, 13 age and affiliation with 0.8 Number of industrial guidance and improves local marginalized groups. OPEX: 1.6 (Industry/IPPU) stakeholders: 3,000 training environmental quality, Baseline: 0; target: 20% completion and fosters safer, more records inclusive workplaces. PS: Activity to (annually) It enhances the resilience undertake in close of industrial zones by cooperation with reducing vulnerability to private sector players. climate risks such as flooding, heatwaves, and water stress through informed planning and infrastructure design. 137

29 Increasing Awareness and MoE 0 Increased number of Annual Increased public support 2,6,13,1 GESI: Number of CEMIS, 11 C Capacity Building in the communities trained or reports, and for adaptation policies 5 women, youth, National implementation of REDD+ benefited project Behavior changes toward indigenous people, and Forest mechanism, ecotourism reports track more sustainable people with disability Monitoring models, monitoring systems, progress practices. This will lead with increased System; law enforcement, and others. to improved management capacities to respond to Safeguards of local communities and climate change. Information (FOLU) strengthened community System; resilience. REDD+ DB/ registry

30 Strengthening institutional MoE 0 Increased number of Annual Improved coordination, 13, 17 CEMIS, 8.512 C frameworks in REDD+ institutes trained or reports, and accountability, and long- National implementation, forest and benefited project term sustainability of Forest land use/cover change reports track adaptation actions Monitoring monitoring, and community- Increased integration of progress System, based financing framework. adaptation into planning REDD+ and promotes synergies Database/ (FOLU) registry Verra Verified Carbon Standard Remote sensing, AI

31 Strengthen technical guidance MOH Number of technical At least 5 technical - Annual -Improved Economic 3 GESI & PS: Technical Training 1 C for climate sensitive diseases, guidelines/protocols guidelines/protocols Report of Opportunities for a guidelines and platforms injuries, and conditions, such developed developed MOH healthier population protocols will address as: vector/water-borne - Technical -Strengthen preparedness gender equality, social diseases, drowning/heat stress, guidelines/pro -Health workers better inclusion, youth snake bites, malnutrition, tocols equipped to address CC engagement, and respiratory illness, etc. developed related health prevention potentially private and treatment will build sector, where (Human health and WASH) trust and result in a applicable healthier more resilient community

32 Strengthen capacity building to MOH 0 - At least 20 high-risk - Annual -Better attendance and 3 GESI: capacity building Training Total: 7.6 C effectively integrate climate PHD received capacity- Report of ability to focus on sensitive to platforms. risks and adaptation options in building sessions MOH on the learning illness/injury that QGIS 1. 3.0 national and provincial-level - At least one capacity number of -Improved economic disproportionately DIS 2. 0.1 health sector planning and building session for staff trained opportunities for an impacts particular 3. 3.0 implementation, including sentinel sites annually annually healthier population subgroups and will be 4. 1,5 capacity building for - At least 20 high-risk -Strengthen preparedness tailored/targeted healthcare providers to PHD receiving capacity- -Health workers better accordingly address climate health impacts building sessions equipped to address PS: provide capacity on vulnerable populations - 21,000 Healthcare climate related health building to private workers trained prevention and treatment facilities as well, to (Human health and WASH) will impacts will build ensure consistent care trust and result in a is provided at all healthier more resilient echelons of the health community system

33 Develop guidelines and plans to MLMUPC 0 - Guidelines for climate- Annual report -Contribute to building 11, 9, GESI: Number of 1.887 U/C integrate climate resilience resilience integration into community capacity to 13, 5 women and men, 138 into land use and urban land use and urban cope with climate-related women's groups and/or planning. planning developed disasters. gender equality CSOs (2028) - Strengthen the climate consulted, in the (Infrastructure) - 5 urban cities conduct resilience in land use and integration of climate vulnerability assessment urban planning to ensure resilience and (2030) that future development vulnerability - Urban Adaptation Plan is sustainable, adaptive, assessments in the document (including a and capable of Commune Land Use City Heat Action Plan) withstanding climate- Plans. Baseline: TBD will be prepared, and its related risks. (2025); Target: 3,000 of piloting within at least which 33% are women five urban cities started. (2035) (2030) - 50% of Commune Land Use Planning (CLUP) and District Land Use Planning (DLUP) will be developed with a climate- resilient lens. (2035)

34 Strengthen institutional MoT 0 - 10 communities reached MoT reports -Improving service 4, 8, 13 PS: Activity to E-learning 1.1 C capacity within the tourism through awareness quality, visitor safety, and undertake in close platform, sector campaigns on climate business continuity. It cooperation with Digital media resilience conducted. supports workforce private sector players. (Livelihood and ecosystems) - 10 activities to promote development and long- tourism institutional term competitiveness in capacity, private sector climate-vulnerable association on climate tourism hubs. change topics -Enhancing systemic - 5 Destination resilience by equipping Management tourism authorities, Organizations, private operators, and institutions and/or associations with climate stakeholder got trained risk knowledge and adaptive practices.

35 Strengthen the capacities of MoSVY Baseline: 0 - 3 standardized Admin. - Health Improvement 3, 10 GESI: The indicators in Data analysis 1.81 C social workers, caregivers, and guidelines or tools for Report and - Youth and recent this measure will be tools local communities to support social workers’ capacity ICMS graduates in social work disaggregated by age, victims and vulnerable groups building programs on and related fields gain job sex, dis/ability, in climate risk and disaster climate resilience, opportunities through ethnicity of social preparedness. disaster risk reduction Effectiveness volunteer-based workers and and emergency response relevant to programs that build participants of (Social services) intervention climate professional skills and marginalized people - 5,000 social workers and resilience will support community leading and/ or caregivers trained on be scored by engagement. meaningfully climate resilience, the participating in disaster risk reduction independent capacity building and and emergency response supervision community-led climate intervention, team from awareness and disaggregated by sex MoSVY every readiness events - 70% (of 21,200) social trimester workers become agents through 139 for climate change and supervision environmental issues, program and disaggregated by sex client - 50 Events for increasing interview. participation and awareness of climate risk preparedness facilitated by social workers, and 2,500 Participants

36 Strengthen and integrate child MOSVY Baseline: 0 - 150 MOSVY officials, MOSVY - Reduces climate-related 5, 10, GESI: Primero case 0.32 C and youth protection and members of NCDM, and Report physical and 16, 13 - Promotes child- management climate change adaptation, CC-TWG trained on child psychological risks to sensitive, gender- system including child and youth rights, child protection children. responsive planning sensitive and gender and environment and - Strengthens institutional and inclusion of responsive interventions, climate change coordination and marginalised children disaster risk reduction and - 3 (1 Updated emergency accountability through in national climate and emergency response into contingency plan, 1 integration of CP into DRR policies. MoSVY’s relevant plans and MOSVY strategic plan, 1 national climate and - Encourages youth policies. CP strategic plan) disaster frameworks. participation in developed and endorsed - Increases preparedness awareness-raising and (Child protection) with incorporation of by equipping social policy dialogue on child protection-climate service actors and child rights and climate change adaptation policymakers with child- change. - Child rights and child sensitive tools. protection results are - Promotes data-informed included in M&E decision-making and framework and assessed) adaptive programming.

37 Strengthen religious leaders’ MoCR - 3 (1 strategic plan, MoCR Report - Strengthens institutional 5, 10, GESI: Application of 2.184 C capacity especially Buddhist 0 (2025) 1guideline, 1 SOP) on leadership by embedding 16, 13 - Promotes gender- social monks to prevent and respond environmental and CC child protection and sensitive and disability- behavior to children and youth education in the cults and climate resilience into inclusive religious science, and protection issues, violence and religion sector, religious policies and spaces and messaging technological abuse against children and promoting the use of structures. through national platforms youth caused by impacts of renewable energy and - Enhances preparedness guidance and faith- natural disasters and various the standard for and response through based leadership. risks related to climate change. environmental and trained monks and faith - Encourages youth climate-resilient leaders in disaster-prone participation in (Child protection) infrastructure designs for communities. community outreach religious building - Expands child and interfaith 1,231 out of 70,905 - 12,310 monks and other protection messaging education on child monks (2024) religious leaders trained through trusted religious protection and climate on environment and CC networks and public resilience. with focus on child platforms. protection, prevention, - Strengthening gender- and response to violence responsive approaches and abuse against within religious settings children during natural enhances protective disasters and CC-related support during climate- risks related emergencies. 81,342 (2024) - 181,342 children, parents, communities 140 and religious followers reached through awareness raising and campaigns conducted by of religious leaders

38 Strengthen air quality MoE By 2025, sub-decree -By 2026: Sub-Decree Annual -Stronger governance, 3,11,13, GESI: 20% of women's Available Total: U regulatory enforcement: on Air Pollution, approved reports and reduced public health 16 participation in the 10.2 operationalize air quality Noise, and Vibration -By 2035: At least 80% of inspection costs, increased trust in policy and regulations CAPEX: management sub-decree and Control drafted by industrial sites, 100% of reports. institutions and development and 5.9 emission standard. MoE vehicle fleet, and 50% of compliance by PS. implementation OPEX: 4.3 agricultural areas are -Build institutional (Air quality) compliant with the resilience by emissions standards. strengthening -Enhanced collaboration environmental with MPWT and MoC in governance and legal the joint preparation of enforcement. Reduces technical guidelines on exposure of vulnerable vehicle emission populations to climate- standards and fuel quality sensitive health impacts -By 2030, include Black from air pollution Carbon in the policy -Promote soil quality and development and biodiversity modelling -Promote one health

39 Supporting the development of MLVT - Prakas on thermal - Assessment study to Annual Report Support private sector 3, 8, 13, GESI: Technology Total: C thermal comfort regulation for comfort and draft select most relevant companies 1, 9 - Ensuring thermal available in 2.34 working environments & OSH regulation thermal comfort - Sustainability reporting comfort standards are Cambodia. CAPEX: related OSH strengthening. - ITC research on HS indicators for working / ESG performance applied equitably to Some local 1.355 on garment, environments, and pilots - Facilitate Export to protect women’s health studies on OPEX: education and to measure HS in at least international markets, - Protect all workers, Heat Stress 985 construction sector 3 in indoor and 2 outdoor where OSH & ESG including low-income, already (CCCA3) workplaces (2026) compliance is required informal, and conducted - Universal Thermal (Europe, Australia, NZ, marginalized groups, (ITC Climate Index (UTCI) etc.) - Youth awareness University, index used to measure HS raising and training on MoE ..) reduction performance, occupational safety and and levels of thermal climate resilience, comfort and work research participation rates/loads are integrated PS: Compliance in OSH regulations for consultations and joint indoor working places monitoring with (2027) workplace committees - Several levels of thermal in the development and comfort are integrated in implementation of OSH regulations. (2030) thermal comfort - Comprehensive policy standards and OSH is developed, implemented & enforced. (2035) 141 B. Annex 2 – ICTU Table 1. Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year): a Reference year(s), base year(s), reference period(s) or other Base year: 2020 starting point(s); Target year: 2035 b Quantifiable information on the reference indicators, their CO2e emissions in 2020 are 118.5 MtCO2e. values in the reference year(s), base year(s), reference The main source is Cambodia’s BTR1 (2024). period(s) or other starting point(s), and, as applicable, in the target year; Under the unconditional scenario, the total cumulative reduction from 2026 to 2035 is estimated at 130.17 MtCO₂e, and with the additional implementation of conditional measures, the total cumulative reduction rises to 485.93 MtCO₂e (2026–2035). This corresponds to a 55% reduction (equivalent to approximately 73.7 MtCO2e) compared to the 2035 BAU scenario. Refers to Chapter 4 for more analysis and detailed results. c For strategies, plans and actions referred to in Article 4, Refers to Chapter 4 for the list of measures, targets and GHG emission reductions. paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information; d Target relative to the reference indicator, expressed Total cumulative reduction from 2026 to 2035 is estimated at 130.17 MtCO₂e for the NDC Unconditional scenario and at 485.93 numerically, for example in percentage or amount of MtCO₂e for the NDC Conditional scenario reduction; - 16% (equivalent to approximately 21.7 MtCO2e) by 2035 compared to the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario in the Unconditional scenario - 55% (equivalent to approximately 73.7 MtCO2e) in the Conditional scenario, compared to the 2035 BAU scenario and considering both unconditional and conditional measures e Information on sources of data used in quantifying the Cambodia BTR1 - https://unfccc.int/documents/645175 reference point(s); An extensive list of documents has been used to compile common socio-economic and sectoral databases for modelling the mitigation sectors. The following is not a full list: General Population Census of Cambodia 2019, Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2021- 22, Cambodia Population Projection 2020-2033, Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2021, Agriculture Census 2023, Power Development Master Plan (PDP) 2022–2040, National Energy Efficiency Policy 2023, National Cooling Action Plan 2023, Cambodia Agricultural Survey 2023, National Agricultural Development Policy 2022-2030, Cambodia Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development Roadmap 2021. f Information on the circumstances under which the Party may Cambodia may update the reference indicators in case of availability of more recent and improved data on GHG emissions and update the values of the reference indicators removals. 2. Time frames and/or periods for implementation: a Time frame and/or period for implementation, including start 2026 - 2035 and end date; b Whether it is a single-year or multi-year target, as applicable. Single-year target 142 3. Scope and coverage: a General description of the target; Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 establishes an enhanced and more ambitious economy-wide target of reducing GHG emissions by 55% by 2035, compared to the 2035 BAU scenario. For the first time, Cambodia has also defined a clear unconditional target of reducing GHG emissions by 16% by 2035, compared to the 2035 BAU scenario. b Sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally The Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 covers all national GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O). determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; c How the Party has taken into consideration paragraph 31(c) All categories of anthropogenic emissions or removals, including, fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6) are within the inventory's and (d) of decision 1/CP.21; scope. While emissions from domestic aviation and shipping are covered as memo items, emission and reductions from international aviation and shipping are not in the scope of this NDC. d Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Parties’ adaptation Refer to Chapter 5 Adaptation for mitigation co-benefits resulting from adaptation efforts. efforts and/or economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and or initiatives of Parties adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans 4. Planning processes: Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans including, as appropriate: a(i) Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation The NDC 3.0 development process was highly participatory, inclusive and multisectoral, engaging various sectors of society and and engagement with local communities and indigenous ministries, including development partners, private stakeholders, civil society organizations, and representatives of vulnerable peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; groups. Refer to Chapter 3 - NDC 3.0 development process and stakeholder engagement. a(ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate: Refer to 4 a(ii)a, 4a(ii)b and 4a(ii)c. a(ii)a a. National circumstances, such as geography, climate, Refer to Chapter 2 Introduction. economy, sustainable development and poverty eradication; a(ii)b Best practices and experience related to the preparation of the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 development demonstrates the following best practices: nationally determined contribution; - Building on learning from Updated NDC (NDC2.0) and national stocktake - Governance: leading role of the Ministry of Environment/National Council for Sustainable Development and regular engagement with Climate Change Technical Working Group (CC-TWG) to ensure broad ownership from Line Ministries and alignment with relevant national and sectoral policies and strategies - Sectoral approach to enhance inter-ministerial collaboration and synergies - Broad participatory approach, through national and sub-national consultation workshops, sectoral technical consultations and GESI dedicated events - Adherence to the Enhanced Transparency Framework a(ii)c Other contextual aspirations and priorities acknowledged Cambodia recognizes the urgency of addressing climate change to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5°C. Doing so is essential when joining the Paris Agreement; to reducing the critical impacts of climate change on Cambodia’s economy, society, and livelihoods. Acknowledging the 143 disproportionate effects on vulnerable communities, Cambodia emphasizes that mitigating climate change will also support the country’s sustainable development and long-term growth. Cambodia’s efforts to reduce GHG emissions and strengthen climate resilience will require international support in the form of climate finance, technology transfer, and capacity building. Further information can be found across this NDC document. b Specific information applicable to Parties, including regional Not applicable economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16- 18, of the Paris Agreement; c How the Party’s preparation of its nationally determined The development of this NDC 3.0 has been informed through the outcomes of the 2023 Global Stocktake (GST). Key results from contribution has been informed by the outcomes of the global the GST 2023 were presented during the regular coordination meetings and sectoral technical consultations, supporting the call stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the to raise ambition and establish 2035 as the target year. Paris Agreement; The enhanced ambition reflects recommendations from the GST 2023 both in the mitigation and adaptation strategies, including transitioning away from fossil fuels, significantly increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency, preserving and restoring coastal ecosystem, boosting Early Warning Systems, aligning adaptation targets to reach global goal on adaptation, among others. d Each Party with a nationally determined contribution under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co- benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on: d(i) How the economic and social consequences of response Economic and social consequences have been considered in the development of each measure by assessing the resilience measures have been considered in developing the nationally potential of adaptation measures, analyzing and listing co-benefits for both mitigation and adaptation strategies, and elaborating determined contribution; on their links to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Refer to Annex 1 d(ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented Co-benefits have been identified and elaborated for each measure, where applicable, for both mitigation and adaptation to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information strategies. on adaptation plans that also yield mitigation co-benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as Refer to Annex 1 energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture, and fisheries. 5. Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals a Assumptions and methodological approaches used for Cambodia applies a net accounting approach in accounting for the NDC, with the Cambodia’s BTR1 as baseline data, and follows accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and the IPCC 2006 Guidelines. removals corresponding to the Party’s nationally determined Other data sources include national inputs such as the Power Development Master Plan (PDP) 2022–2040, the National Energy Efficiency Policy (2023), etc. 144 contribution, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, A common database of socio-economic parameters was developed to support modeling across the mitigation sectors and data. and accounting guidance adopted by the CMA; Key assumptions are described in Chapter 4. Emissions in the target year are compared against emissions in the BAU scenario for the target year to calculate the percentage emissions reductions achieved. Total cumulative reductions from 2026 to 2035 are also calculated. b Assumptions and methodological approaches used for Refer to Chapter 4 for the methodological approach, including the modeling tools and key assumptions applied across each accounting for the implementation of policies and measures mitigation sector. The sectoral modeling was developed using a common database of socio-economic parameters and through a or strategies in the nationally determined contribution; harmonization process to ensure consistency and comparability of the final data outputs. c If applicable, information on how the Party will take into Refer to (5.a) and Chapter 4 account existing methods and guidance under the Convention to account for anthropogenic emissions and removals, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate; d IPCC methodologies and metrics used for estimating Refer to (5.a) and Chapter 4 anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals; e Sector-, category- or activity specific assumptions, Refer to (5.a) and Chapter 4 methodologies, and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable: e(i) Approach to addressing emissions and subsequent removals Natural disturbances are not considered in the baseline or mitigation scenarios. from natural disturbances on managed lands; e(ii) Approach used to account for emissions and removals from Stock difference method is used for emissions and removals from harvested wood products. harvested wood products; e(iii) Approach used to address the effects of age-class structure in Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) and native forest restoration approaches are considered for addressing age-class structure forests; in forests. f Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for Refer to f(i) understanding the nationally determined contribution and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including: f(i) How the reference indicators, baseline(s) and/or reference Cambodia Energy-Economics Model (CEEM) was used to model Energy (IPCC categories 1.A.1 Energy Industries and 1.A.4 Other level(s), including, where applicable, sector-, category- or sectors). The model is calibrated using historical data from 2010–2024 and supports scenario analysis. Data sources include activity specific reference levels, are constructed, including, national inputs such as the Power Development Master Plan 2022–2040, BTR1 2024, and NEEP 2023. International datasets for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, supplement these, including IEA energy balances, global energy prices, and IPCC guideline parameters. methodologies, data sources and models used; Transport and IPPU sectors were modelled with the tool LEAP (Low Emissions Analysis Platform). Model inputs drawn from national sources and expert consultations, including macroeconomic projections, transport statistics, and industrial production data. Transport emissions use IPCC 2006 and EMEP/EEA values, cement emissions apply Tier 1 methodology based on clinker ratios, while HFC emissions are calculated using GWP values from IPCC AR6 (2021). The Nationally Determined Contribution Expert Tool (NEXT) was used as modelling tool for the Agriculture sector. BAU scenario was aligned with the BTR1 for enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, direct and indirect N₂O emissions from soils, urea application, and biomass burning, while the baseline from rice were revised following extensive technical discussions between GIZ, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and MAFF. 145 For FOLU, in accordance with the BTR1, emissions and removals from deforestation, afforestation, and reforestation activities are calculated using the stock-difference method, as outlined in Equation 2.5 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines (Volume 4, Chapter 2). The calculations are based on land use monitoring, utilizing government-produced national maps. Carbon stock changes are estimated by land cover class. Emission factors corresponding to different forest cover types—such as evergreen forest, deciduous forest, and plantations—were sourced from BTR1. The modeling for the waste sector follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories – Volume 5: Waste. The approach incorporates both Tier 1 and Tier 2 methodologies, selected based on data availability, and covers municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial wastewater (IWW), and urban wastewater (UWW). BTR1 data has been supplemented with additional sources, including the Cambodia National Biodigester Programme (NBP), data from the Solid Waste Transfer and Landfill Management Enterprise for landfill emissions, and studies by FAO and UNIDO to estimate IWW from the food and beverage (F&B) sector. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information f(ii) For Parties with nationally determined contributions that Not Applicable contain non-greenhouse-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable; f(iii) For climate forcers included in nationally determined Not Applicable contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers is estimated; f(iv) Further technical information, as necessary; Not applicable g The intention to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of Reference to the “Operations Manual for the Implementation of Article 6 the Paris Agreement, if applicable. of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in Cambodia”, 2024 https://www.moe.gov.kh/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Article-6-OM_EN.pdf 6. How the Party considers that its nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances: a How the Party considers that its nationally determined The RGC contributes less than 1% to global CO₂ emissions, yet the country remains highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national change. Despite this, Cambodia has been actively contributing to global climate solutions through strengthened mitigation and circumstances; adaptation policies, both domestically and internationally. This NDC 3.0 demonstrates increased ambition compared to the Updated NDC (NDC 2.0) with higher GHG emission reduction targets and a broader scope of adaptation interventions. It has been developed in alignment with the principles of leaving no one behind and just transition, and reflects strong engagement from both public and private stakeholders. Cambodia considers its NDC to be a fair and ambitious contribution to global climate action. b Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity; The NDC 3.0 targets were determined taking account of the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, the Global Stocktake and the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. The targeted mitigation emission reductions of 55% compared to the BAU 2035 scenario contribute a fair share to global efforts. c How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 sets a target of 55% GHG emission reduction compared to the 2035 BAU scenario. This represents a clear Paris Agreement; progression from the Intended NDC (2015) and the Updated NDC (2020), which had GHG reduction targets of 27% and 42%, respectively. 146 In addition to increased mitigation ambition, NDC 3.0 significantly expands the scope of adaptation interventions. For the first time, it includes new sectors such as social protection, social services, child protection, and food systems. It also enhances and treats as distinct and critical components of climate resilience the following sectors: disaster and climate risk management, livelihoods and ecosystems, WASH, and air quality. This progression reflects Cambodia’s highest possible ambition, taking into account its national circumstances and commitment to a climate-resilient and inclusive development pathway. d How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Cambodia has increased the quantity of and the ambition in quantified mitigation targets. Paris Agreement; Key mitigation strategies include (i) Energy - increase renewable energy share to 72% (up to 80% conditionally), adoption of grid modernization technologies, phase out coal, promote energy efficiency, adoption of clean cooking and passive cooling solutions, expand electric mobility, improve public transport, shift freight to rail and waterways, promote sustainable energy use, and adopt low-carbon technologies in brick and cement sectors; (ii) IPPU - reduce clinker use in cement production and phase down high-GWP refrigerants; (iii) Agriculture - promote climate-smart practices, reduce chemical inputs, and expand biogas use; (iv) FOLU - halve deforestation rate by 2030, expand forest cover, and scale up agroforestry; (v) Waste - improve waste segregation and waste collection services, reduce open burning, expand composting, extend landfill lifespan, improve textile waste management and industrial wastewater management. e How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 is grounded in a robust analysis of the existing policy framework and places strong emphasis on the enabling Paris Agreement conditions required for effective implementation. These include supportive policies, strategic planning, capacity building, and governance mechanisms essential to fully realize both mitigation and adaptation initiatives. 7. How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2: a How the nationally determined contribution contributes This NDC represents Cambodia’s contribution to the objective of the Convention as set out in Article 2 to keep a global towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase in its article 2; even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Chapter 4 elaborates on mitigation ambition, which builds on the Cambodian Long-term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN) by 2050. b How the nationally determined contribution contributes Cambodia has committed to pursuing net zero emissions and its pathway is communicated in the LTS submission to the UNFCCC towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, (Long-term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN), 2021). of the Paris Agreement This NDC 3.0 puts Cambodia on a path to net-zero emissions by 2050. 147