The National Minerals Policy

SECTION 1 – JAMAICA’S MINERALS SECTOR 13 An Overview Of Jamaica’s Minerals Sector 13 Basic Mineral Resource Data 13 Profile Of Jamaica’s Minerals Sector 14 Management Of The Minerals Sector 16 Scope And Structure Of The Minerals\Mining Sector 17 Infrastructure 17 Swot Analysis Of Jamaica’s Minerals Sector 18 A Vision Of Jamaica’s Minerals Sector In 2030 22 Responsible Minerals Sector- Responsible Investors 22 Transparency And Accountability 22 Sustainability Issues 23 Exploitation Of Marine Minerals 24 Gender Issues 23 Ministry of Transport & Mining 1 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

SECTION 2 – THE MINERALS/MINING POLICY FRAMEWORK 25 Key Policy Issues 25 1.Competitiveness 25 2.Diversification And Value-Added Production 25 3.Land And Mineral Resource Management 27 4.Strengthening Legal And Policy Framework 29 5. Sustainability Issues 30 6.Co-Existence With Other Sectors And Activities 31 7.Informed, Educated And Trained Cadre Of Persons 31 8.Representation Of Jamaicacan Ownership 31 GOALS, GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND POLICY POSITIONS 32 POLICY INSTRUMENTS AND POLICY OUTCOMES 40

SECTION 3 – MOVING FORWARD 43 Implementation Framework 43 Proposed New Institutions 43 Monitoring And Evaluation Framework 44 Proposed Indicators 45 Appendix I 49 The National Minerals Policy Action Plan And Strategy 49 Appendix Ii 67 Existing Legislation Impacting The Minerals Sector 67 Appendix Iii 68 Minerals And Mineral-Based Products 68 Appendix Iv 69 Industrial Mineral Resources In Jamaica 69 Appendix V 72 Distribution Of Major Mineral Resources In Jamaica 72 Appendix Vi 79 Sustainable Development And The Minerals Sector 79 Appendix Vii Glossary 81 Appendix Viii 83 Members Of The National Minerals Policy Development Committee 83 National Minerals Policy Working Group 2010-2011 84 Appendix Ix 85 2008 Schedule Of Island-Wide Public Consultations 85 Appendix X 89 2011 Public Consultations On The Draft National Minerals Policy 89 References 96 Ministry of Transport & Mining 2 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector We thank the Commonwealth Secretariat for its written ACKNOWLEDGMENTS comments on the draft policy in July 2016 and the Inter- Governmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and T he presentation of the National Minerals Policy represents Sustainable Development’s (IGF) assessment of Jamaica’s years of dedicated work and extensive collaboration with Mineral Policy Framework (MPF) in June 2019. numerous industry and non-industry players. We are grateful to the various ministries and agencies that Ministry of Transport and Mining (MTM) wishes to thank the assisted the policy development process by providing pertinent members of the Minerals Policy Development Committee information, data and criticisms. (MPDC) for providing technical support and guidance for the We extend special thanks to the OACPS-EU-UNDP development of the National Minerals Policy 2017 – 2030 as Development Minerals Programme for their support in the well as its Action Plan and Strategy. printing of the Policy. We are thankful for the grant from the Inter-American Finally, we extend our appreciation to the members of the Development Bank (IDB), which facilitated the employment of numerous public and private sector groups, professional a consultant, Prof. Magnus Ericson, who helped to reformat the organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), draft National Minerals Policy in 2014. community groups and individuals for engaging in the consultative process that is critical to national policy development. Ministry of Transport & Mining 3 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Message FROM THE MINISTER The Honourable Robert Montague, MP Minister of Transport and Mining activities in order to establish inter-sectoral harmony and to mitigate environmental hazards. Sustainability matters regarding access to mineral reserves, the rehabilitation of mined lands T and the minimization of effluent and waste of resources are of his policy is guided by an overarching vision that by 2030, paramount importance to the future of the minerals sector. Jamaica’s minerals sector will be “a primary contributor to sustainability, globally competitive and co-existing Consequently, the development of this Policy, Action Plan and with competing interests in the wider economy”. The goal is to Strategy took account of these and other long term issues. ensure that our country’s mineral resources support sustainable The Policy advances that where there are instances of critically national development and contribute to sustainable prosperity. adverse environmental, cultural and social impacts, serious consideration will be given to forego mining in the specific area. Minerals are finite resources and a significant part of the patrimony of a people. However, left undeveloped, they The National Minerals Policy reflects the Government’s are of little benefit, particularly in the case of a Small Island determination and posture towards developing a broad-based Developing State (SIDS) like Jamaica. These mineral resources, sector within the construct of sustainability NOTE WRITTEN BY: JOHN DOE and establishes the which are used in construction, food preservation, animal feed, official framework and facilitating structures that will PHOTOGRAPHY BY: guide JOHN the DOE medicines, water treatment, craft and various other areas of effective management and continued transformation of the industry, are needed to advance the economy, generate wealth sector towards a balanced and competitive environment, while and improve the well-being of our people. ensuring congruence with competing interests in the wider economy. Primary industrial activities generate limited social and economic benefits. I am therefore pleased that this Policy The success of the National Minerals Policy as well as its Action promotes value-added mineral production, which creates far Plan and Strategy requires national consensus and I welcome all greater revenues for the country and simultaneously makes stakeholders to join with us in achieving a sustainable minerals greater use Ximinisofeaitsvenihilla human volorresources. Ensuring increased local sector that is a viable contributor to Jamaica becoming “...the aut parum quatatium int ut rent la diciand itatum repudaecta eosam content venit in alllaborate segments of the Minerals pedis eos ma consequae Sector is also a key place of choice to live, work, raise families and do business”. policy focus. dolenim olupta doluptates deremperovid quo estium ut fugia nimil est exeriorum autem. Ro officilignim sequi unt, untiam fugiae volorpos The National Minerals sanda nos sunt Policy de qui addresses, comnit et alique in a comprehensive velesed igentio nsequaturem quasper atiuscipici num way, the nam. regulation of mineral exploitation Ministry of Transport & Mining 4 Towards a Modern, Diversified, -The National Mineral Policy Efficient and Financially Attractive Our Commitment to Jamaica Mining has a big impact on the surrounding environment. That’s why our approach is calculated; we take pride in our responsibilities, and are considerate, responsible. And using modern mining techniques, we are sensitive to the surrounding environment, ecology and communities. Fostering Sustainability In Jamaica’s Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 5 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector MPDC LIST OF ACRONYMS Minerals Policy Development Committee MPDD Minerals Policy and Development ALCOA Alumina Company of America Division ALPART Alumina Partners of Jamaica MSTEM Ministry of Science, Technology, AMJ Alcoa Minerals of Jamaica Energy and Mining BCDP Bauxite Community Development MTM Ministry of Transport and Mining Programme NEPA National Environment and Planning CAP Clarendon Alumina Production Agency Limited NGO Non-governmental Organization CCPA Cockpit Country Protected Area NLA National Land Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment NMI National Minerals Institute EITI Extractive Industries Transparency NRCA Natural Resources Conservation Index Authority GOJ Government of Jamaica NRL Noble Resources Limited HEART/NTA Human Employment and Resource NWA National Works Agency Training/National Training Agency OPM Office of the Prime Minister HIA Health Impact Assessment PCJ Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica ICMM International Council on Mining and R&D Research and Development Metals SD Sustainable Development IDP International Development Partners SDI Spatial Development Initiative IUCN International Union for Conservation SIDS Small Island Developing State of Nature SME Small and Medium Sized Enterprise JAMALCO Jamaica Alumina Company SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, JBI Jamaica Bauxite Institute Opportunities, Threats JBM Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited U-TECH University of Technology, Jamaica JISCO Jiuquan Iron and Steel (Group) UC RUSAL United Company RUSAL plc Company UNEP United Nations Environment MBLMC Minerals-bearing Lands Management Programme Committee UWI University of the West Indies MGD Mines and Geology Division WINDALCO West Indies Alumina Company MinDAC Minerals Development Advisory WRA Water Resources Authority Council Ministry of Transport & Mining 6 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Construction blocks, ready-mix concrete and tiles: floor INTRODUCTION and ceiling tiles M ineral resources such as iron ore, bauxite, water, coal, uranium, petroleum, natural gas, clay, precious metals, salt, precious and semi-precious stones, are the base materials • Mineral-based bonding agents: Portland cement, thin-set, grout, etc. for significant industries. Minerals also find use in soil • Dimension stones: counter tops, furniture, flooring, stabilization, pollution control, media purification, numerous cladding material, etc. industrial processes, and environmental applications. For their wide ranging uses, mineral resources are critical to national • Lime, Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC), Precipitated development. Calcium Carbonate (PCC), etc. • Skid resistant aggregates and other special construction Jamaica’s main mineral resources include bauxite, limestone, aggregates. shale, gypsum, hard volcanic rocks, pozzolan as well as non- metallic minerals. As major resources for development, the 4. Mineralogical, mining, and metallurgical research extraction and management of minerals must be integrated and development, legislation, education, financing into the country’s overall strategy for economic development. and training associated with the sector and the wider minerals industry. The local Minerals Sector comprises all activities related to the mining and quarrying industries, including the exploitation of 5. Marketing, trading and professional services. materials deposited in the sea, as well as activities that involve, 6.Transportation, machinery, mineral waste inter alia, the exploration, use and processing of the country’s management and recycling. mineral resources into value-added products. 7. Land management, including managing mineral The sector is a conglomeration of activities, the scope of reserves and land rehabilitation. which includes: RATIONALE FOR THE NATIONAL MINERALS 1. Mineral exploration, including the companies involved in POLICY such activities 2. Mineral exploitation, namely the mining and quarrying of clay, dolomite, gypsum, limestones, marble, sand and gravel, shale, silica sand, volcanic rocks, semi-precious T he Government of Jamaica recognizes that a properly planned and efficiently regulated sector, along with professional marketing of the country’s minerals can minerals, etc. contribute more significantly to national development and 3. Mineral processing and the manufacturing of increased competitiveness within the global marketplace. In mineral-based products, including: addition, Jamaica, as signatory to a number of international Ministry of Transport & Mining 7 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector agreements relating to the environment has an obligation to “A contributor to sustainability, globally competitive, meet the imperatives, and the Minerals sector plays a key diversified, focused on value addition and co-existing with role in this regard. competing interests in the wider economy.” Within this context, the National Minerals Policy 2017-2030 With persistent global demand for mineral resources and establishes the framework for the country’s approach to increased local consumption, Jamaica, by adapting to the developing its minerals sector, managing its mineral resources dynamic market conditions has the potential to realize this and mining ativities. The Policy seeks to ensure that the vision. benefits to be derived from the sector are optimised and sustained for the benefit of Jamaica, especially in relation to w hich involves relevant stakeholders from the public sector and the private sector. Key Policy Indicators (KPI) will be used to assess the effectiveness in achieving Policy goals. earning foreign exchange, creating jobs and acting as a catalyst for further industrialization. Some KPIs include: The Policy and its accompanying Action Plan and Strategy • Percentage change in export earnings from the Bauxite/ follow extensive public and private sector consultations and Alumina Industry. were crafted on the basis of prevailing and projected national and global scenarios. • Percentage change in contribution of Mining/Minerals to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This policy arises out of a necessity to: • Average percentage change in value added outputs of non-metallic minerals (lime, cement, whiting, etc.). • Maximize the economic and social benefits of mineral exploitation for the Jamaican people • Percentage change in export earnings from the Industrial Minerals Industry. • Ensure Jamaica’s mineral wealth is protected and supports sustainable national development while minimizing • Percentage change in US$ foreign exchange inflows of the negative impacts on communities and the natural export earnings from Bauxite Industry. environment • Ratio of carbon emissions to tonnes of bauxite mined. • Stimulate an internationally competitive investment environment for the minerals sector The National Minerals Policy will initially be evaluated after the first three years. Thereafter, it will be reviewed and updated • Protect the country’s geological information every five years consistent with local and global changes • Ensure the integration of the mineral sector into in demand, energy, the environment and other prevailing community and national development plans circumstances that impact the sector. • Encourage diversification, value added production and inter-sectoral linkages KEY POLICY ISSUES • Establish institutions that will train competent persons to 1. COMPETITIVENESS effectively manage and facilitate the sector’s continued development and harmony with other segments of the • International competitiveness of the minerals sector. economy. • High investment costs to upgrade and expand plants, equipment and systems. Developed within the context of the various vulnerabilities • Insufficient use of advanced marketing strategies and and limitations that are associated with SIDS, the National additional investments to further modernize the sector. Minerals Policy 2017-2030 augments the goals articulated • Absence of an aluminium smelting and fabrication in the country’s National Development Plan: Vision 2030 industry. Jamaica, which identifies minerals as a significant pillar for growth. The Policy outlines the direction for Jamaica’s 2. DIVERSIFICATION AND VALUE ADDED minerals sector and is premised on the notion that a profitable PRODUCTION and well-functioning minerals/mining sector will contribute to sustainable development. • Low levels of value-added activities. 3. LAND and MINERAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The National Minerals Policy seeks to position the sector for increased recognition in its contribution to national economic • Need for improved mineral land and resources/reserves growth and development. Underlying this is the vision that by management. 2030, Jamaica’s mineral sector will be: Ministry of Transport & Mining 8 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Percentage change in contribution of Mining/Minerals to EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Gross Domestic Product (GDP). T • Average percentage change in value added outputs of he minerals sector represents a critical component in non-metallic minerals (lime, cement, whiting, etc.). Jamaica’s development. Bauxite, limestone and other minerals are of major significance to the country’s economic • Percentage change in export earnings from the Industrial transformation owing particularly to their contribution to the Minerals Industry. national economy and their impact on, and linkages with other • Percentage change in US$ foreign exchange inflows of sectors. export earnings from Bauxite Industry. • Ratio of carbon emissions to tonnes of bauxite mined.

SECTION 1 – JAMAICA’S MINERALS SECTOR Jamaica’s minerals operations are primarily located in rural and The National Minerals Policy will initially be evaluated after the semi-rural areas and are therefore integral to the livelihood of first three years. Thereafter, it will be reviewed and updated persons within these communities. every five years consistent with local and global changes in demand, energy, the environment and other prevailing Bauxite and alumina have provided a firm foundation for circumstances that impact the sector. Jamaica’s economic and social development. After more than 60 years of mining, over 1.2 billion tonnes (long dry tonnes) of KEY POLICY ISSUES high quality bauxite remain available. 1. COMPETITIVENESS The skills, knowledge and experiences gained from our bauxite/alumina industry will facilitate the development of • International competitiveness of the minerals sector. new and additional mineral industries, including limestone. • High investment costs to upgrade and expand plants, These minerals will remain important contributors to Jamaica’s equipment and systems. economic transformation. • Insufficient use of advanced marketing strategies and additional investments to further modernize the sector.

SECTION 2 – THE MINERALS/MINING POLICY FRAMEWORK • Absence of an aluminium smelting and fabrication industry. T he National Minerals Policy recognizes that a modern and vibrant minerals sector must be based on robust and efficient institutions as well as profitable industries. 2. DIVERSIFICATION AND VALUE ADDED PRODUCTION • Low levels of value-added activities. Aligned to Vision 2030 Jamaica: National Development Plan, the policy’s strategic framework is designed to address and 3. LAND and MINERAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT surmount the main barriers to development in the minerals • Need for improved mineral land and resources/reserves sector. It addresses the following key policy issues such management. as international competitiveness of the sector, need for improved mineral land and resources/reserves management, 4. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK inter-sectoral disconnects, environmental, climatic and socio- • Weak/ineffective supporting framework for the cultural harmonization. development of the minerals sector. 5. SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

SECTION 3 – IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK • Inadequate corporate, social and environmental T he implementation of the National Minerals Policy requires a continuous programme of monitoring and evaluation, which involves relevant stakeholders from the public sector stewardship programmes and the need to strengthen climate resilience by entities within the sector. and the private sector. Key Policy Indicators (KPI) will be used • Inadequate/inappropriate minerals waste disposal to assess the effectiveness in achieving Policy goals. measures. 6. CO-EXISTENCE WITH OTHER SECTORS AND Some KPIs include: ACTIVITIES • Percentage change in export earnings from the Bauxite/ • Low levels of integration of the sector into the wider Alumina Industry. economy. Ministry of Transport & Mining 9 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Stifled/insufficient growth of new segments of the minerals sector. • Low levels of local content (goods and services), especially in the Bauxite and Alumina Industry. 7. INFORMED, EDUCATED AND TRAINED CADRE OF PERSONS • Anaemic skills training and employment of efficient and modern technologies. 8. REPRESENTATION OF JAMAICANS IN OWNERSHIP/INCLUSION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MINERALS ENTITIES • Insufficent numbers of Jamaicans, particularly women, being represented as owners and managers of larger minerals operations. GUIDING PRINCIPLES I. Commitment to the rule of law, transparency and accountability. II. Progressive public policy framework. III. Commitment to sustainability – Effective environmental stewardship, pollution prevention and the application of industrial symbiosis and the ecosystem approach. IV. Continued value-addition, local skills development and a strong research and development ethos. V. Responsible investors and a strong culture of corporate social responsibility. VI. Sector diversification and integration into the wider economy. Ministry of Transport & Mining 10 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES • To manage and further develop the Goal 1 - To modernise the framework for sustainable minerals sector in order to accrue optimal minerals use to optimize the sector’s benefits to value to Jamaica national development. • To ensure compliance and effective Goal 2 - To improve the competitiveness of the regulation of the minerals sector Mining/Minerals Sector through diversification, • To regularise the minerals sector’s value-addition and the adaptation of international operations and to foster and promote best practices. effective community relations, proper Goal 3 - To improve occupational health and health, safety and environmental best safety, community relations and environmental practices stewardship throughout the sector. • To facilitate greater gender balance, particularly the involvement of women Goal 4 - To increase efficiencies within the Mining/ within the sector Minerals Sector by encouraging research and development for innovation. • To develop the required human resources and improve mining technology Goal 5 - To educate and train Jamaicans in support • To incentivize research and development of the Mining/Minerals Sector. and the application of innovation Goal 6 - To facilitate economic benefit optimisation • To increase value added production and and increased participation of Jamaicans, including diversification ownership, at all levels of the Mining / Minerals Sector. • To increase the sector’s global competitiveness. POLICY POSITIONS • The Government of Jamaica (GOJ) will ensure a modernised mining framework that encourages sustainability and increased competitiveness to drive investments. • The GOJ will ensure transparency and accountability within the minerals sector. • The GOJ will design and implement appropriate policies that will ensure the minerals sector does not negatively impact the environment. • The GOJ will require the implementation of international best practices for environmental stewardship, community relations and occupational health and safety standards throughout the minerals sector. • The GOJ will ensure appropriate land management uses and restoration practices are observed. • The GOJ will ensure fair and equitable compensation principles are in place and practised, and encourage strategic investments in host communities and the wider economy. • The GOJ will ensure that the incentives and fiscal regimes applicable to the mining and minerals sector are internationally competitive and allow the country to earn acceptable returns from the use of its mineral resources. Ministry of Transport & Mining 11 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • The GOJ will encourage and facilitate the training of persons in relevant minerals development and related skills necessary to effectively manage and advance the sector. • The GOJ will encourage the diversification of the minerals sector to allow for increased production of value added mineral products and the development of various industries within the sector. • The GOJ will encourage and facilitate, where possible, the efficient and appropriate application application and use of energy, land, waste and other resources. • The GOJ will ensure greater coordination among minerals sector stakeholders in pursuit of increased value addition and greater synergies; the protection of shared interests, maintenance of industrial harmony and enhanced sustainability. • The GOJ will encourage the participation of females at all levels within the sector. • The GOJ will encourage local ownership of minerals development operations and other forms of investments by Jamaicans in the local Minerals Sector. This also includes maximizing the quantity of local content (goods and services) by Jamaicans. • The GOJ will ensure the establishment and maintenance of appropriate intra and inter-sectoral linkages that will result in increased efficiencies and competitiveness. • The GOJ will ensure activities within the local minerals sector do not contravene international agreements, commitments and principles on climate change to which Jamaica is signatory. • The GOJ will facilitate the streamlining of relevant Government agencies to reduce duplications and ensure increased efficiencies through the creation of a National Minerals Institute and other entities. Ministry of Transport & Mining 12 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

SECTION 1 – JAMAICA’S MINERALS SECTOR AN OVERVIEW OF JAMAICA’S MINERALS SECTOR T he Minerals Sector represents a critical component in the development of many countries, like Jamaica, that are endowed with exploitable mineral resources. Commercially exploitable mineral deposits are of major significance to Jamaica’s economic transformation and the creation of inter-sectoral linkages. BASIC MINERAL RESOURCE DATA Table 1 provides a basic outline of some of Jamaica’s major mineral resources and reserves and projected mine life. TABLE 1: BASIC MINERAL RESOURCES/RESERVES AND POSSIBLE MINE LIFE MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES (1) MINE LIFE (2) Bauxite 1,600 Mt (Resources and reserves. 50-100 years (proven and probable) at an Approximately 30% – 45% proven extraction rate of 11 million tonnes/yr. reserves) (2) Clay Over 160 Mt Over 100 years at an extraction rate of 1.5 (Reserves and estimated resources. million tonnes/yr. Approximately 10% proven reserves) (2) Gypsum (including 90%, 80%, 70% gypsum 29 Mt (Reserves) (2) 33-38 years (including anhydrite). and anhydrite) Black Sands (including sand, iron and 19Mt (Estimated resources) titanium oxide) Aggregate (skid-resistant) 271 Mt (Proven reserves) Over 200 years at an extraction rate of 5 1,130 Mt (Probable reserves) million tonnes/yr. Alluvial sand and gravel 600 Mt (3) (Probable reserves) Over 75 years at an extraction rate of 5 million tonnes/yr. Reserves will be heavily influenced by climate. Dolomitic limestone Over 2,700 Mt Over 300 years. (Resources and reserves. Approximately 10% – 15% proven reserves) Limestone (whiting grade) 1,115 Mt (4) Over 200 years. (Resources and reserves. Approximately 20% proven reserves) Limestone (chemical, industrial, 5,750 Mt (4) Over 700 years. metallurgical grade) (Resources and reserves) Silica Sand To be determined (TBD) TBD Source: Mines and Geology Division, Ministry of Transport and Mining (1) Mineral deposits are classified according to an internationally agreed set of definitions such as JORC and NI 43-101 where the increasing level of geological knowledge and confidence is the first key variable and the consideration of mining, metallurgical, economic, social and political factors is the second set of modifying factors. Resource represents a lower level and reserve a higher level of confidence. A reserve can usually be mined at a profit. (2) Based on current rates of exploitation and present price levels. (3) Estimated ten-year replenishment rate. (4) Inferred Resource Estimate. Ministry of Transport & Mining 13 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector PROFILE OF JAMAICA’S MINERALS i. Advanced companies SECTOR ii. Companies with a national market iii. Companies with a market extending only to a Bauxite and Alumina Industry region of the country T he bauxite and alumina industry accounts for approximately 90% of the value of the local minerals sector’s annual output and was initially driven exclusively by foreign direct iv. v. Community-based companies Seasonal and special purpose operations. investment by North American companies. However, the government acquired some of its assets in the 1980s. This Currently, the industry predominantly comprises the extraction has been followed by new foreign direct investment in recent and primary processing stages. In excess of 85% of the output years. is used in the local construction industry while local use of gypsum and shale is almost exclusively for the manufacture As at December 2016, the main players in the bauxite and of cement. Limestone is also used to manufacture calcined alumina industry were: and hydrated lime for various applications such as alumina • The West Indies Alumina Company (WINDALCO) – owned production, flocculants, fillers and agricultural purposes. by United Company RUSAL (UC RUSAL). • Jamaica Alumina Company (JAMALCO) – a joint venture MINERAL EXPORT DOMESTIC USE partnership between Noble Resources Limited (NRL) Gypsum Cement (55%) and Clarendon Alumina Production Limited (CAP) Pozzolan Cement (45%). Shale 10% Cement • Alumina Partners of Jamaica (ALPART) – Acquired by 15% Cement, construction, calcined Jiuquan Iron and Steel (Group) Company Limited (JISCO) and hydrated lime for alumina from UC RUSAL in July 2016. production, fillers, agriculture, paint, etc. • New Day / Noranda Jamaica Bauxite Partners (NJBP) (exporters of crude bauxite)- a joint venture between JBM Sand and 8.5% Construction, sand blasting, and New Day Jamaica Limited (NDJ Limited). gravel water filtration, etc. Quarrying Industry The non-metallic minerals industry is dominated by locally Approximately 85% of the chemical and pharmaceutical grade owned small limestone quarries and river-based sand quarries limestone mined annually is exported. that are located throughout the country. Currently, the industry has no operations with annual production which may be classified as world-class and only one company is listed on the Jamaica Stock Exchange (JSE). This policy aims to change these situations. Operations within Jamaica’s quarrying industry are largely classified as: i. Raw material extraction ii. Primary processing (crushing, screening, etc.) iii. Value-added (mineral based manufacturing) iv. Stone-craft, concrete fabrication and installation v. Services (professional, maintenance, etc.). Other classifications relate to the size and the reach of the operations as follows: Ministry of Transport & Mining 14 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Operations in the ‘regional’ and ‘community-based’ categories typify Jamaica’s quarrying industry. Over 90% of the entities within the industry are locally owned. The table below outlines the status of quarry operations across Jamaica. Direct foreign ownership companies are primarily involved in the manufacturing of lime, cement and other minerals-based bonding agents, the quarrying of limestone, shale, pozzolan and sand quarrying, and the exportation of sand, gypsum and shale. Modernized operations and management systems are involved in value-added production and export activities or have the immediate potential to undertake such activities. There is also a second tier of companies that serve national markets and, while not as well-equipped as the most advanced companies, they possess capacity for value-added and export production. Rural and semi-rural entities do not possess the ability to undertake production for export markets. The challenges for these entities include lack of effective management and expertise, poor records maintenance, old and poor quality mining equipment, and staff who predominantly have little or no direct formal training in mining and quarrying. If these challenges are addressed, the industry has an excellent opportunity to capture additional value. Seasonal and special purpose operations comprise approximately 22% of all quarries. These are primarily limestone quarries and generally focus on the removal of marl, sand and the crushing of limestone for public sector infrastructure projects. The differences in characteristics of these entities are relevant to the industry’s long-term development. The most advanced companies will usually be best able to respond to initiatives aimed at encouraging the production of value-added mineral products and increasing exports, while specific strategies will be required to develop the capacity of smaller and less capitalized operations. Metallic Minerals Metallic Minerals represent an under-developed segment of Jamaica’s minerals sector. It is the focus of on-going mineral exploration campaigns by several junior and mid-sized private entities, and will be an important segment of the industry in which the policy seeks to attract investment. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) are the primary precious and base metals explored in Jamaica. Ministry of Transport & Mining 15 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Gold Mining Between March 2001 and June 2004, a small open-cast mine at Pennants, Clarendon produced approximately 13.4 thousand ounces of gold (Au) and 7.6 thousand ounces of silver (Ag).The geological report indicates that the mine has not been exhausted as there are resources at depth which will require the development of an underground mine. MANAGEMENT OF THE MINERALS SECTOR T he ministry with responsibility for the minerals/mining portfolio has overall policy responsibility for guiding the sector’s development, while several GOJ entities are responsible for its management. The National Minerals Policy promotes the continued separation of responsibilities between the various entities in order to avoid conflicts of interest, protect the integrity of all stakeholders and to inspire public trust. Through the Mines and Geology Division (MGD), GOJ regulates the sector. The Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited (JBM) and Clarendon Alumina Production Limited (CAP) are responsible for the Government’s participation in commercial activities in the bauxite/alumina industry. Other government authorities such as the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) and the Water Resources Authority (WRA) are also involved in regulating the minerals/mining sector. SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MINERALS \ MINING SECTOR MTM –Overall policy development, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review MTM – MPPDD (Minerals Policy, Planning and MGD – supervises prospecting, Development Division) – Policy exploration, mining and quarrying development, implementation, review; operations, geological characterization + sustainable development and sector documentation modernization JBI JBI - NEPA - NEPA Government’s Environmental foremost research monitoring and entity focused on interfacing with the Bauxite and communities. Alumina Industry. JBM - CAP- Administers GOJ’s EXECUTES equity in bauxite/ JAMALCO JV alumina industry. BETWEEN GOJ and NRL. JBM CAP The main legislative issues are addressed in various pieces of legislation that govern the minerals sector. Appendix II contains a detailed list of the statues. Ministry of Transport & Mining 16 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector INFRASTRUCTURE P roper and well-maintained infrastructure is essential for a well-functioning minerals sector. Current Status of the Infrastructure • Small airstrips, where they exist, facilitate easy internal movement. However, improvements to Jamaica’s road, rail and port infrastructure are needed to facilitate the development of a sustainable minerals sector. • Well-developed telecommunications systems enable easy access to local and international markets. • Several physical and chemical laboratories, which are primarily privately owned, are available. However, there are no internationally certified and recognized laboratories dedicated to the minerals sector. Infrastructure built for the minerals/mining sector can become a part of its most important contribution to Jamaica’s broader development agenda. The idea of creating ‘Development Corridors’ (DCs) or ‘Spatial Development Initiatives’ (SDIs) - to use non-renewable natural resources to improve infrastructure and develop sustainable enterprises in the country addresses this issue. Infrastructure, particularly roads, can be tools for unlocking economic activities in rural areas. Through continuous dialogue between mining companies, communities and the public sector, it is possible to maximize benefits for the entire country. SWOT ANALYSIS OF JAMAICA’S MINERALS SECTOR F or Jamaica’s minerals sector, the identification of strengths and weaknesses represents the internal assessment of the sector while the consideration of opportunities and threats represents the analysis of its external environment. STRENGTHS • Significant quantities and excellent grade of mineral resources, namely bauxite, limestone and hard volcanic rocks. • The mineralogical and metallurgical properties of Jamaica’s minerals, including bauxite (where notably the percentage of available alumina and reactive silica, rank among the best in the world) and limestone (where the exceptional purity, brightness, and amorphous, non- crystalline characteristics are highly regarded). • Mineral deposits, particularly bauxite, limestone and hard volcanic rocks lie on, or close to the surface making them easier and less expensive to mine. Ministry of Transport & Mining 17 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Proximity of some mineral deposits to port facilities. • High levels of environmental impact. • Substantial reserves of high-quality non-metallic minerals, • Informal and planned residential settlements in proximity particularly limestone (approximately 150 billion tonnes) to alumina refineries and other industry assets, including and hard volcanic materials. residue disposal areas (RDA) (“red mud lakes”). This is • High quality lime, cement, alumina and several other partly the result of poor local and national planning, which value-added mineral products being produced. increases the possibility for conflict with other land users. • Lack of and in most cases non-use of renewable energy • Several successful quarry operators, as well as local technologies. and foreign investors with strong interest in expanding operations and targeting niche markets overseas. • Limited energy efficient and energy conservation practices. • Favourable geographical location, proximity and timely • Low levels of reinvestment of proceeds into the sector, logistical access to the markets of the Caribbean, USA and and strategic investment in host communities and the South America. wider economy. • Public institutions with qualified personnel, years of • Poor coordination among stakeholders. research and regulatory experience. • No environmental bonds / restoration bonds posted by • Access to mineral resources via road network, and rail, in bauxite/alumina companies. some instances. • Absence of developed closure plans. • Highly skilled and trainable workforce. • Illegal activities in the minerals sector. • Availability of information/data. The country is mapped, The Non-Metallic Minerals Sub-sector: and there are drill and other technical data on various • Large fleet of old and inefficient equipment and plants. mineral deposits and mineral resources. • Dominance of undercapitalized and small-scale operations WEAKNESSES with high operating costs. • Dependence of the bauxite/alumina industry and industrial • Concentration on the production of primary products. minerals industry on expensive imported energy (bauxite/ • Limited exposure of mining-related human resources: alumina requiring approximately 10 million barrels of a paucity of mining engineering, mineral processing, oil equivalent per annum at peak levels of production minerals marketing and related skills. of approximately 4 million tonnes of alumina), which negatively impacts competitiveness. • Low levels of exports, low ratio of exports to total annual production and the need for improved coordination of • Dependence on an almost mono-mineral sector (bauxite marketing strategies. and alumina) with limited value chain progression. • Very small expenditure on mineral exploration and • Local alumina refineries are, for the most part, designed research: less than 10% of the operators can provide to process bauxite at low temperature. At the current satisfactory data on the quantities and categories of mature stage of the industry, this could undermine its reserves. international competitiveness unless further research is undertaken and investments made in high temperature • Over-reliance on Government as the major consumer. plants. • Limited penetration of sustainable development practices. • An overwhelming and expensive reliance on road transport • Lengthy processing times for licences (new and renewals). for cross-country movement of bulk industrial minerals • Short duration of quarry licences. and industrial mineral products. • Difficulties in sourcing affordable financing for business • Non-existent marine transport for the minerals sector and development and expansion. rail is exclusively used by the bauxite and alumina industry. • High interest rates, import duties and taxes. • Insufficient focus on the rehabilitation of mined-out non- metallic minerals-bearing lands. • Limited access to bulk-handling ports and loading facilities to accommodate exportation together with the high • Absence of dedicated training and research institutions capital intensity that is associated with making the needed for the minerals sector. improvements. • Limited spatial planning. • High costs associated with using existing ports for the • Limited use of new and innovative technologies for export of quarry materials. improving the output of value-added mineral products. Ministry of Transport & Mining 18 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • High cost of inputs, including electricity, fuel and lubricants, • Production of value-added import substitutes such as plant and equipment. calcium citrate and calcium propionate derived from • Informal and planned residential settlements in declared calcium oxide (lime) as well as export products such as Quarry Zones: an outflow of poor national planning GCC, PCC and pigmented lime. resulting in sterilization and conflict with other land • Use GOJ policy to decouple lime production from alumina users. production. This provides the possibility for Jamaican companies to dominate lime production for sale to the • Low value of restoration bonds. alumina companies and participation in the export market. • Many limestone quarries are located outside approved • Export market expansion through new trade agreements. Quarry Zones, thus increasing the possibility for conflict with other land-users. • Possibility to access cheaper energy (e.g. LNG, pet-coke, coal, renewables). OPPORTUNITIES • Potential for development of new products (aluminium, • Use of a mining company’s annual productivity plan as the skid-resistant aggregates) and new resources (off-shore principal driver of its global cost positioning. minerals, including oil and gas, and rare earth minerals recovered from the red mud produced by the Bayer • Existence of large local, regional (CSME) and export market Process). possibilities (minerals and mineral products export targets to be set at a minimum of US$800M by 2030). • Demand for technologies for small scale mineral operations, rehabilitation, stone craft design, etc. • Existing capabilities within the Hope Analytical Laboratories Network (HALN) with potential to deliver more efficient • Integration of the minerals sector into the local economy. analytical support to the minerals sector. Possibility to THREATS amalgamate the laboratories operated by the MGD and the JBI. • Continued slow global economic growth, which may supress demand for bauxite, alumina, and other minerals • Existence of co-generation power systems based on and mineral product exports from Jamaica and lead to cheaper and cleaner sources of energy. further contraction in the local minerals sector. • Revamped railway system to accommodate the use of • Price volatility of critical imported inputs such as fuel and rail as a cost-effective means of inland transportation for caustic soda. industrial minerals. • Potential use of the levy-free or reduced levy fiscal • Patterns of severe weather, due in some measure to global incentive regime to encourage alumina refineries to invest climate change that may disrupt production and damage in dual-feed digestion systems, plant expansion and value facilities and other assets. progression. • Growing competition for investment from low-cost • Existing technology to transport bauxite by pipeline in the advantaged bauxite, alumina and aluminium producing form of a treated-slurry from the mine to the refinery, thus countries such as Australia, Brazil, Guinea and United Arab minimizing dust pollution and other impacts and costs. Emirates. • Development of integrated minerals industrial parks • Increasing sterilization of mineral resources due to planned focusing on lime, GCC, PCC, pigmented lime, limestone and unplanned developments on mineral-bearing lands. and other value-added products at Tarentum, Clarendon; • Possible erosion of support for bauxite mining, alumina Hope River Quarry Zone, St. Andrew; Lydford, St. Ann in processing and other minerals development activities order to maximize scale and scope advantages associated due to the perception that the minerals sector fails to with large-scale port development at Salt River, Harbour adequately benefit communities. Head, Old Reynolds Pier. Similar industrial parks could be • Potential harmful implications of high concentrations of developed in other areas of the country. beryllium in Jamaican bauxite/alumina. • Aligning the 1998 Manley Accord in the Bauxite/Alumina • Continued (historical) reduction in the real price for raw Industry with the prerequisites of attaining developed mineral exports. It is necessary to focus on the production country status by 2030. of value-added, especially high-end value-added products, • Brazilian, Caribbean, Venezuelan and US markets for where possible. metallurgical limestone and dolomite. • Continued liberalization of the local economy and our • Growing Caribbean/North American markets for various inability to compete with cheap imports: marble from industrial mineral products. India, etc. Ministry of Transport & Mining 19 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Failure of local capital to make large investment in the national development strategies: sector: profits are repatriated by foreign-based investors. • Develop company sophistication and productivity, • Aging, small and inefficient alumina plants cannot compete • Develop economic linkages and clusters, and with newer, larger efficient plants in competing markets. • Promote eco-efficiency and the green economy. • Poor condition of some public roads used to access mineral deposits and to transport minerals and mineral- RESPONSIBLE MINERALS SECTOR - RESPONSIBLE based products. INVESTORS • Continued low levels of local capital being invested in major segments of the sector. T o achieve the 2030 vision of Jamaica’s minerals sector, the necessary investors, operators and other key actors must be attracted. Investors are required to demonstrate • Extortion and general criminality. a developed culture of corporate social responsibility that • External imposition of standards by mineral importing redounds to the long term benefit of host communities and by countries – e.g. non-tariff barriers to trade. extension to the country. • Continued failure to integrate the sector into the wider Where appropriate, entities within the minerals sector may economy. access incentives under the Fiscal Incentives (Miscellaneous • Weak enforcement of mining laws/regulations. Provisions) Act 2013 and other relevant legislation. The development of the industrial minerals industry and the • Poorly funded Geological Survey Division and limited metallic minerals industry will require facilitation similar to that national will to protect mineral-bearing lands. encapsulated within the Cement Industry (Encouragement • Monopoly of important segments of the minerals sector and Control) Act, Bauxite (Production Levy) Act, Bauxite and by a very few dominant investors. Alumina Industries (Encouragement) Act, and Bauxite and • Failure to obtain energy at prices and on terms favourable Alumina Industries (Special Provisions) Act. to the sector’s continued development and international Value addition will be a main consideration in the possible competitiveness. award of incentives. • Limited GOJ-funded mineral exploration to define the Jamaica’s minerals sector is governed by the rule of law. country’s mineral wealth and the products that can be Investors will not be subject to repatriation or other arbitrary generated from it. treatment. The minerals sector will prioritize and foster long- term development. The sector will continue to include both A VISION OF JAMAICA’S MINERALS national and international investors, and will be open to responsible actors who comply with the policies and actions SECTOR IN 2030 necessary to facilitate its development and contribute to B y 2030, Jamaica’s minerals sector will be a contributor to sustainability, globally competitive, diversified, focused on value addition and co-existing with competing interests Jamaica’s sustainable development. A promotional strategy, which communicates the opportunities presented by Jamaica’s mineral resources will be developed. in the wider economy. The strategy will be based on the values which are presented This vision is underpinned by the principle that a vibrant in this policy. minerals sector must be based largely on a well-functioning TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY mining industry, which makes significant contributions to sustainable development. The profits and revenues derived A globally competitive minerals sector which acts as a from the sector must be strategically invested in other areas primary contributor to sustainability and co-exists with of the economy and human development to allow for long competing interests in the economy requires transparency term economic development. A strong minerals/mining and accountability of all stakeholders. This will include sector can facilitate manufacturing, backward, forward and transparency in clarity of processes, roles, responsibilities, lateral integration into the local economy, import substitution, timely access to required and relevant information, reporting production and export of increasing quantities of value-added government earnings from the sector, and the scope and products. types of investments in the development of host communities. Another important step towards this end will be the creation The National Minerals Policy supports the implementation of a framework that ensures transparency in all agreements of Vision 2030 Jamaica – National Development Plan, by reached between the GOJ and investors. contributing to the creation of an enabling environment for the national outcome of “internationally competitive industry structures” and the implementation of the following three Ministry of Transport & Mining 20 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Investors, state entities, communities and the government SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES will exercise accountability in their duties, decisions and The GOJ requires environmentally sound, socially responsible, responsibilities. Commitments to stakeholders will be financially profitable and technically appropriate investments honoured; redress, including fair compensation, will be in the sector. provided, especially if duties and commitments are not met or are breached. Investors in the sector are required to comply with codes of practice, guidelines, standards, regulations and legislations for the maintenance and improvement of the environment. These include, for example, the controlled release of Creating substances into the environment, trans-boundary movement Linkages with the of hazardous wastes, disposal of ship-generated wastes in an Creative Industry environmentally sound manner, and engaging conservation and management practices to reduce the risk of disasters and the negative impacts of climate change. International best Creativeness practices in the rehabilitation of mined lands will form a key is an essential consideration in the sustainability of the mining sector. These part of Jamaican standards will also be applicable to the reuse and recycling of culture. By establishing waste generated by the sector. and strengthening the linkages The GOJ will facilitate, require and encourage the sector to: between Jamaica’s creative talents and the minerals 1. Integrate sustainable development considerations within sector, substantial value and the corporate decision-making process. employment can be created. 2. Implement and maintain ethical business practices and Using raw minerals and stones sound systems of corporate governance. as craft material for locally made 3. Demonstrate respect to all who are affected by its souvenirs is a new way of thinking activities. about the minerals industry; 4. Implement risk management strategies based on valid it confirms that the minerals data and sound science. sector can be a catalyst to move Jamaica forward. 5. Facilitate continued improvement in its occupational health and safety programme. 6. Contribute to conservation of biodiversity and integrated approaches to land use planning. 7. Develop responsible product design, use, re-use, recycling and disposal of its products. Investors, state entities, communities and the government 8. Contribute to the social, economic and institutional will exercise accountability in their duties, decisions and development of the communities in which it operates. responsibilities. Commitments to stakeholders will be honoured; redress, including fair compensation, will be 9. Implement effective and transparent engagement, provided, especially if duties and commitments are not met communication and independently verified reporting or are breached. arrangements with its stakeholders. 10. Continuously improve its environmental performance. Jamaica should by 2030 have joined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), www.eiti.org). Established in Mining entities are required to prevent and or minimize 2002, the EITI is a global standard aimed at improving revenue the creation of waste. Where wastes are created, including transparency and accountability in the extractive sectors, overburden, waste rock, off-specification products, tailings, as through the disclosure of payments to the government from in the case of ‘red mud’, wash and process water, and dust, private companies, and the disclosure of receipts from the measures must be taken to effectively treat and ensure their government. Implementing the EITI standard is a complex safe storage and disposal. These include employment of the undertaking which will bring Jamaica in line with international best technologies and methods, management systems and best-practices in financial transparency within its mining/ use of the best possible sites to allow for safe storage and minerals sector. containment, especially in the event of over-topping, security against intrusion, collapse of the walls of these containment Ministry of Transport & Mining 21 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector structures, leakage into surface and underground water There are no legislative barriers to the entry and upward resources and dispersion of untreated materials into the mobility of women in the sector. However, cultural and atmosphere. regulatory improvements are necessary to afford women increased physical security, freedom from predatory practices, Where it is environmentally safe and structurally appropriate, and increased comfort at places of work within the sector. This wastes must be employed in productive and profitable activities. is particularly necessary in the emerging non-bauxite/alumina These include soil enhancement, fill, the construction of roads industry. and other structures, and the manufacture of construction aggregates, feedstock for cement and concrete, construction Required interventions include the provision of physical blocks and other products. Useful components in all states of security, acceptable bathroom and changing facilities for matter are to be extracted and the remaining mass recycled. women, access to capital for women owners of mining Water must be recycled and reused for mineral processing, operations or those wishing to enter the sector, a targeted dust suppression, or treated and appropriately discharged into and sustained campaign to attract more women into the the environment sector, especially in technical and managerial positions, and workplace sensitization sessions for male employees to Investors in the sector are required to comply with codes of ensure that they become more comfortable with women in practice, guidelines, standards, regulations and legislations the workplace, especially in technical and managerial roles. for the maintenance and improvement of the environment. These include, for example, the controlled release of substances into the environment, trans-boundary movement COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES of hazardous wastes, disposal of ship-generated wastes in an Investment opportunities exist at all points along the Minerals environmentally sound manner, and engaging conservation Sector’s value chain. These include mineral exploration, and management practices to reduce the risk of disasters and laboratory analytical services, value added production from the negative impacts of climate change. International best various minerals including clay, semi-precious minerals (mineral practices in the rehabilitation of mined lands will form a key craft), bauxite (chemical grade alumina for various industrial consideration in the sustainability of the mining sector. These applications), and limestone (industrial lime, precipitated standards will also be applicable to the reuse and recycling of calcium carbonate, grounded calcium carbonate, grout and waste generated by the sector. thin-set, bonding agents, fine and coarse aggregates, boulders for shore protection, paint and cement manufacturing, dry- EXPLOITATION OF MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES wall, tiles, cladding materials, abrasives, counter tops and other products). Jamaica has significant marine territory and is committed to utilizing its near shore and deep sea mineral resources. The The Minerals Sector, which accounts for over fifty per cent GOJ is committed to begin exploring the sea floor for metallic (50%) of Jamaica’s traditional exports (STATIN 2016, 2017), and other non-fuel mineral resources. generates several products, with the Industrial Minerals Industry being integrally associated with the fortunes of The GOJ will encourage and facilitate this endeavour in keeping the local construction sector. With continued growth in with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, construction and public infrastructure, which are heavily reliant other relevant conventions and local statues, and will approve on several mineral products, there is potential for significant permits for the exploration and the eventual mining of increased contribution to national growth and development. minerals in the near shore and deep seabed. Additionally, the Government will apply to the International Seabed Authority Additional commercial opportunities within the Sector are (ISA) for permits to mine in international waters. explored in greater detail in Appendix XI. GENDER ISSUES While women dominate the administrative and office management segments of many operations within the Mining/ Minerals Sector, it remains overwhelmingly male dominated. Significantly, an increasing number of women are entering the minerals sector at different levels. With more women than men graduating from our tertiary institutions, this is expected to accelerate over the next 7 – 10 years, especially as more women begin to graduate with qualifications in engineering, the earth sciences, mine management, machine operation and other specialties which are required in the minerals sector. Ministry of Transport & Mining 22 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

SECTION 2 – THE MINERALS/MINING POLICY FRAMEWORK KEY POLICY ISSUES The Key Policy Issues along with the associated strategies are outlined below: 1. COMPETITIVENESS Jamaica’s minerals sector faces a number of challenges to its long-term competitiveness. The most pressing issue of high energy costs must be resolved. In addition, enabling the creation and the retention of the best trained and experienced staff is a problem to be resolved by all segments of the sector, which were negatively impacted during the 2008-2011 global economic recession. While the bauxite and alumina industry is part of a vertically integrated global industry, the industrial minerals industry, base and precious metals industry have been less exposed to global economic competition due to: • The typically low value-to-bulk ratio of industrial minerals, • The limited development of non-bauxite resources, and • Jamaica’s geographic location. Additionally, in order to develop value-added industries based on processing of mineral resources, the minerals extraction stages must provide competitively priced raw materials. Critical parts of this process will be to increase the scale and scope of operations within the sector, significantly increase the volume and value of value-added exports for both bauxite/alumina The GOJ is committed, where possible, to forming mutually and industrial minerals, and restart and expand commercial beneficial partnerships with investors in the minerals sector. production of metallic minerals. Central to these arrangements will be a commitment to maintain and increase employment figures, value chain 2. DIVERSIFICATION AND VALUE-ADDED progression, GOJ equity in the operations and profit sharing. PRODUCTION A key policy position is the transformation of the Minerals Bauxite Sector from its current characterization as a predominantly The trajectory of world demand and prices will require the mono- mineral sector to one with several distinct and industry’s progression up the value chain, thereby converting highly developed minerals industries. an increasingly larger share of total bauxite production into higher value alumina, chemical grade alumina and aluminium. Increased emphasis will be placed on achieving higher For example, in 2008 Jamaica exported 4.4 million dry metric rates of exportation, value-addition, diversification in tons of crude bauxite to the U.S. There will be a concerted output, increased production, increased linkages with effort to have such materials refined locally. Cheaper energy various sectors and integration into the wider economy. and more efficient plants will be of key importance to realise this goal. This Policy will also aim to expand the domestic use of locally manufactured mineral products. Adding value can Metallic Minerals Other Than Bauxite create higher-paying job opportunities and added revenue streams. Opportunities for greater value capture from Restarting commercial production of metallic minerals, namely extractive activities also exist through forward, backward gold with silver, and expanding into the mining of copper will and lateral linkages, as well as through the creation of be a major focus. The extraction of rare earth metals and resource corridors. other minerals from bauxite waste will be pursued, if market conditions allow. Ministry of Transport & Mining 23 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Industrial Minerals A primary factor that the regulators will consider in granting Significant focus will be given to developing this industry as approval for mineral exploitation will be the agreed post- part of the plan to diversify and expand the Minerals Sector. mining use of the lands. Increased value addition, import substitution and exportation Prior to quarry licences and mining leases being approved, will be encouraged. there must be agreement between the proponents of minerals development and regulators regarding mine Lime Production closure plans. Minerals development will then proceed The decoupling of lime production from the alumina plants to in order to realize the closure plan, unless both parties, and independent third party core businesses with the possibility particularly the investors, decide to effect improvements for excess production for local use and the export markets is that will vary the original plan. essential to the development of the limestone industry. The following will be implemented: The Creative Industry and the Minerals Sector i. Increased levels of community consultations. Inter-sectoral linkages between the Minerals Sector and the ii. Employment of internationally recognized creative industry can generate jobs, added-value and increase categorization in reporting on mineral resources and the range of products available in the craft and other creative mineral reserves. industries. Greater focus will be placed on developing these iii. Application of sequential land-use planning. linkages. iv. Multiple uses of ports and port facilities. 3. LAND AND MINERAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT v. Confinement of minerals development activities to Minerals Development Zones (MDZ), wherever feasible and sustainable. vi. Improvement of inventory of mineral resources and reserves island-wide to incorporate exclusion of mined-out lands, sterilized resources and addition of new discoveries. This includes establishing a Minerals Reserves Bank (MRB) to minimize sterilization and to facilitate the sector’s long-term development. vii. Exploitation of marine mineral resources. 3.1 MINERALS RESERVES MANAGEMENT AND DATA BANK The Mines and Geology Division (MGD) will maintain an active Minerals Reserves Data Bank (MRDB) of all commercially exploited and exploitable minerals within the country. An annual report on the status of the mineral reserves and resources will be presented to Cabinet and Parliament. The MGD will monitor the minerals reserves held by various companies. Legislative measures will be introduced to discourage cherry picking, high grading and other practices that damage mineral reserves. Blending will be required to protect and extend mineral reserves. 3.1.1 MINERAL LANDS BANK Planning for the sector requires long-term projections for A Mineral Lands Bank (MLB) to facilitate the exchanging of land-use and management. A multi-agency Minerals- mineral-bearing lands for non-mineral bearing lands or mined bearing Lands Management Committee (MBLMC) will be out mineral bearing lands by entities that would otherwise established to assist the land management process. effect sterilizing developments on mineral-bearing lands will Ministry of Transport & Mining 24 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector be established. These lands are to be jointly managed by the 4. STRENGTHENING LEGAL AND POLICY Ministry with responsibility for mining and the Commissioner FRAMEWORK of Lands. 3.1.2 MINERAL LANDS PURCHASE FUND (MLPF) The land bank is to be supported by a Mineral Lands Purchase Fund (MLPF) that the government commits to establish. The MLPF will allow for the purchasing of mineral bearing lands from persons who wish to effect developments on said lands that would sterilize the minerals on and within said lands. 3.2 LAND RESTORATION Between 1952 and February 10, 2017 a total of 10,200.00 hectares of land, representing approximately 1.020% of Jamaica’s total land area of roughly 1 million hectares, had been mined. The bauxite industry accounted for 8,769.43 hectares of the lands mined out, 9,513.09 hectares of the The supporting legal and policy framework for the lands disturbed for mining and 11,657.67 hectares of the minerals sector will be adjusted to protect and enhance its lands certified rehabilitated. competitiveness, long-term development, diversification with a focus on value-addition, sequential land-use and protection The quantities of land mined, rehabilitated, disturbed for of the interests of the state. The capacity of GOJ entities, mining and otherwise impacted by the bauxite industry are business-friendly orientation and coordination among outlined in Table 2. agencies in the sector will be strengthened. TABLE 2: BAUXITE LANDS MINED AND REHABILITATED STATUS Minerals and mining-related statues will be amended and SUMMARY AS AT FEBRUARY 10, 2017 new statutes developed. The following new statutes are proposed: CLASSIFICATION OF LAND IMPACTED QUANTITY (HECTARES) Area Disturbed For Mining 9,513.09 i. Minerals Development Act, Area Mined Out 8,769.43 ii. Minerals Industries (Encouragement Act), and iii. Geological Survey Act. Area Being Mined/Open 739.03 Pit Area Certified 7,526.40 Permit and Licence Regimes Rehabilitated Area Certified 11,657.67 Applications for Mining Leases (MLs), Quarry Licences (QLs), Swell Area 4,219.63 Prospecting Licences (Exclusive Prospecting Licences (EPLs) Area Exempt from Certification 218.19 and Special Exclusive Prospecting Licences (SEPLs)) and other minerals and mining permits are made to the Minister with responsibility for mining through the Commissioner of Mines, Restoration/Rehabilitation Bond which is housed at the Mines and Geology Division (MGD). This Policy requires the restoration of mined and disturbed lands as a central feature of sequential land-use planning. Depending on their scale, development projects for the exploitation of mineral resources are subject to development Progressive rehabilitation will be required in all mining/ permits that may require a carbon management policy, quarrying operations. Additionally, all mineral development Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report, a Health operations (mines, quarries and related manufacturing Impact Assessment (HIA) report, and other permits outlined operations) will be required to post a rehabilitation bond to under the National Environment and Planning Agency’s (NEPA) cover the cost of land rehabilitation and site clean-up. permit and licensing regime. The GOJ is committed to ensuring that the costs of the sector’s environmental impacts are not externalized on the community. There will be close and strategic relationships with the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA), the Forestry Department, the ministry with responsibility for the environment, the Water Resources Authority (WRA) and Ministry of Transport & Mining 25 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector other state organs with responsibility for the environment, Protected Areas, will not be undertaken, unless mandated by public health and public safety. the Cabinet. The Cockpit Country Protected Area (CCPA) and the Blue and John Crow Mountain National Park (BJCMNP) are Quarry Licences Tenure examples of such areas. The impact assessment of any such Quarry licences for carbonates, volcanic rocks and other decisions must fully reflect the economic cost of the minerals properly capitalized operations will be granted for periods of to be sterilized, the natural resources and eco-systems of the ten (10) years and more. Licences for river-based sand quarries protected areas that might be affected. will not exceed one (1) year. In recognition of Jamaica’s accession to the United Nations Operations holding multi-year mining leases and quarry Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) licences will be required to pay an annual licence or lease Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural renewal fee, which will be dedicated to research and generally and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), the to fund activities aimed at improving the GOJ’s management Government of Jamaica will ensure that no mining takes and development of the sector. place in areas designated as World Heritage Sites under this Convention without Cabinet’s approval and that due 5. SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES recognition be given to the role of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) in the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, while ensuring that a balance exists between the preservation of culture and the economic development of the country. 5.2 PREPARING FOR CLOSURE Imperatives for mine closure: 1. Proponents of minerals development activities must develop a mine closure plan, which clearly outlines the future use of the specific parcels and blocks of mined or disturbed lands. 2. The Mine Closure Plan is to be presented to the Commissioner of Mines and other relevant authorities. 3. Prior to the closure of mineral operations, there must be agreement between the investor and permitting entities Investors in the sector are required to comply with regarding the future use of the lands and other assets. internationally and locally recognized codes of practice, 4. The required budgets, human resources and other assets guidelines, standards, regulations and legislations for the necessary to effect successful and sustainable mine closure maintenance and improvement of the environment. These must be made available before minerals development include, for example, the controlled release of substances operations cease. into the environment, trans-boundary movement of Minerals development must proceed in accordance with the hazardous wastes, disposal of ship-generated wastes in an closure plan. Developers may however, submit to the relevant environmentally sound manner, and engaging conservation authorities proposed improvements to aspects of the plan. and management practices to reduce the risk of disasters and the negative impacts of climate change. Companies will be On completion of mining and other minerals development required to furnish the Commissioner of Mines with an annual activities, the mining infrastructure, including haul roads, rails, report outlining their environmental stewardship and impact wells, buildings, power plants, and other assets must, where on the environment. practical, be incorporated into the national infrastructure registry for use by the wider population. 5.1 MINERAL EXPLOITATION REQUIRING CABINET APPROVAL 6. CO-EXISTENCE WITH OTHER SECTORS AND ACTIVITIES Mineral exploitation in areas protected under various pieces of legislation and equivalent to the International Union for The GOJ accepts that the future of Jamaica’s economic Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Categories I and II Protected progress will necessitate a combination of mining and other Areas, as outlined in the Policy for the National System of economic activities and sectors. In support of this objective, Ministry of Transport & Mining 26 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 27 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector this Policy commits the Minerals/Mining Sector to pursue co- GOALS, POLICY POSITIONS AND existence with the diverse users of the land and contributors to the country’s economy as a necessary approach to facilitate STRATEGIES each contributing optimally to the development of Jamaica’s people. T he National Minerals Policy is undergirded by the general position of the Government that will ensure transparency and accountability within the minerals sector as well as a 7. INFORMED, EDUCATED AND TRAINED CADRE OF PERSONS OPERATING ACROSS ALL LEVELS modernised legislative, mining and product development WITHIN THE SECTOR framework that encourages sustainability and increased competitiveness to drive investments. The GOJ recognizes that the growth and development of the Minerals Sector is dependent on a strong, efficient and GOAL 1: TO MODERNISE THE FRAMEWORK FOR competent workforce. The acquisition of necessary skills, SUSTAINABLE MINERALS USE TO OPTIMIZE THE insights, attitudes and technical competencies to facilitate the SECTOR’S BENEFITS FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. transformation of the sector will be facilitated. MAIN CONCERNS – Policy Issues # 2, 3 and 4 A curriculum for the training of persons in mining/minerals • Properly managed, mining and minerals sector needed to related fields has been developed and is available on the provide a cornerstone for Jamaica’s economy and future HEART-NTA platform for use by any training institution. development. Additionally, the Government encourages training institutions • Strategies needed for the effective management and to utilize this curriculum or develop their own for use in modernisation of the minerals sector on the basis of training human resources for the sector. sustainable mineral use pursued by both the public and private sectors. 8. REPRESENTATION OF JAMAICANS IN • Mechanisms to ensure the exploitation of minerals on the OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR seafloor. MINERALS ENTITIES • Streamlining of various Government functions As a major wealth creation opportunity, Jamaicans and in particular women, are under-represented in the ownership POLICY POSITION - The Government of Jamaica will and management of major minerals operations. This policy ensure a modernised mining framework that encourages encourages Jamaicans to invest in the sector and to be involved sustainability and increased competitiveness to drive in the ownership and management of the largest operations. investments. KEY ACTIONS & STRATEGIES • Modernise the major pieces of legislation directing the sector. These include the Minerals (Vesting) Act, the Mining Act, the Quarries Control Act and corresponding regulations. Introduce a comprehensive Minerals Development Act replacing the earlier separate acts. • Introduce a Minerals Industries (Encouragement Act), which will be applicable to all minerals and segments of the minerals sector. It shall subsume the Bauxite and Alumina Industries (Special Provisions) Act and the Bauxite and Alumina Industries (Encouragement) Act. • Identify and gazette Mineral Development Zones (MDZs) and ensure that they are linked to development plans. • Update the Mining laws and regulations to ensure where necessary, stronger regulations are implemented. • Evaluate and equip the agencies with the necessary tools As a major wealth creation opportunity, it is important for to effectively monitor the operations within the sector and more Jamaicans, particularly women, to pursue ownership create an economic database of local and global mineral and management of major minerals operations. activities. Ministry of Transport & Mining 28 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Ensure all applicants for mining leases and quarry licences extraction and use of tailings. submit a closure plan and there is a high rate of compliance. o The exploitation of tailings from the Bayer Process ( • Re-examine the environmental impacts of the various red mud) for rare earth metals, iron and other operations and implement applicable actions. minerals is of particular importance. • Identify export markets and assist companies, especially • Inventory of mineral deposits and the creation of a small and medium sized entities (SMEs), to increase database of mineral reserves. market share and export earnings. • Requirement for mining operations to post rehabilitation • Through various facilitatory mechanisms, including fiscal bonds. incentives where most appropriate and in the national • Value addition whenever possible, profitable and strategic. interest: • Creation of a National Minerals Institute (NMI). This will be o Enable mining companies to implement their required a main entity helping to guide the sector’s development, energy solutions, plant modernization and expansion particularly in the areas of minerals management, sector and other development projects. promotion, product research, product and technology development. o Enable the development of infrastructure required by the minerals sector. • Investments in quality laboratories, plants and physical infrastructure, including roads, rails and ports for storage • Encourage the use of equipment, machinery and and the quick movement of minerals and mineral technology that improve efficiencies, productivity and products, particularly exports, are vital for the minerals economics. sector’s continued development. • Develop and maintain an on-line database of mineral • Conservation of minerals for the purpose of augmenting resources and all other relevant information and data on the resource base through improvements in mining Jamaica’s mineral wealth for use by the government and methods, use of modern technologies and ore blending. investors. • Recycling of minerals, metals and waste generated by the • Encourage import substitution and the production of sector will be promoted. profitable value-added products. • Priority will be placed on the development of an • Facilitate the minerals sector being attuned to the internationally competitive minerals sector by reducing international economic situation and derive maximum operation costs, increasing efficiencies, increasing advantage out of production. exploitation, and producing value-added products, • Promote and facilitate the establishment of secondary whenever feasible. and tertiary minerals-based industries. • Product diversification, increased levels of import • Facilitate and encourage excellent corporate social substitution and improved product quality will be primary responsibility and require all companies to post foci. The contribution of the minerals sector to Jamaica’s rehabilitation bonds. GDP will be optimised. Areas of emphasis to ensure success of this Goal include the following: SUSTAINED MINERAL EXPLORATION • Revision of laws and regulations. • Liaising with the Energy and Finance Ministries to pursue A programme of continuing mineral exploration, including mineral resources within the marine space, will be established. This will augment and create mineral reserves, options/mechanisms that will encourage the use of assist in providing certainty of mineral resources availability, adequate, affordable and reliable energy sources to generate employment, extend the life of mineral operations improve the sector’s competitiveness and help facilitate and protect government revenues. its success. In partnership with the private sector, the GOJ commits to resolve this critical issue. A national drill core and geological samples archive will be maintained by the Commissioner of Mines. • Mineral production and export. GOAL 2: TO IMPROVE THE COMPETITIVENESS • Penalties for environmentally hazardous actions/ OF THE MINING/MINERALS SECTOR THROUGH behaviour/operations. DIVERSIFICATION, VALUE-ADDITION AND THE • Creation of Mineral Development Zones. ADAPTATION OF INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES • Management of mineral resources through orderly Ministry of Transport & Mining 29 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector MAIN CONCERNS – Policy Issue # 1 • Design specific measures to attract investors. These • The establishment of an internationally competitive include: investment regime that facilitates the development of a o better access to information and liberating mineral strong and profitable minerals sector. bearing lands for exploration and development, • The need to implement more efficient energy programmes o mandating the DBJ to provide attractive financing to that will result in increased competitiveness. the minerals sector, • The need for lower energy costs to investors in the o extending the facilities under the Bauxite and Alumina Minerals Sector. Industry Encouragement Act and similar legislation to POLICY POSITIONS – The Government of Jamaica will: the wider minerals sector, • Ensure a modernised mining framework that encourages o Creation of a comprehensive Minerals Development sustainability and increased competitiveness to drive Act. investments. • Implement the tenets and principles of international • Ensure that the fiscal regimes applicable to the mining and organizations/associations concerned with good minerals sector are internationally competitive and allow governance of the extractive sector, such as the EITI. acceptable returns from the exploitation of the mineral resources • Encourage investors to obtain a ‘social licence’ to facilitate • Encourage the diversification of the minerals sector to their operations. They are required to observe NEPA’s allow for greater value addition and the development of permitting and licensing process, including, where various industries within the sector. applicable, pursuing consultations with stakeholders and executing their corporate-social responsibilities. • Encourage and facilitate where possible, the efficient and appropriate application and use of energy, land, waste and • Ensure agreements between Government and investors other resources. are transparent and equitable. • Ensure fair and equitable compensation principles are in • Introduce a Geological Survey Act to facilitate the effective place and practised, and encourage strategic investments management of the country’s geological assets and the in host communities and the wider economy. development of a robust and competent Geological Survey. • Ensure greater coordination among minerals sector stakeholders in pursuit of increased value addition and • In partnership with the private sector, employ measures greater synergies; the protection of shared interests, to improve the sector’s image and promote its product maintenance of industrial harmony and enhanced locally and internationally. sustainability. • Facilitate and encourage increased investments in value • Facilitate and encourage local investment and rapidly addition. and significantly increase the use of local content in the • Provide relevant market intelligence and encourage minerals sector. research into material properties, the creation of new KEY ACTIONS & STRATEGIES products, new areas of product application, minerals • Reduce the barriers to investment by creating simpler development funding and related matters. processes where necessary. • Require (through legislation and negotiation) that minerals • Align the National Minerals Policy, Action Plan and Strategy ports be used for multiple purposes and are available to with the National Export Strategy. third parties. Where applicable, intra-island barging will be promoted. • Collaborate with the Ministry of Finance to develop a stable, predictable, appropriate and equitable fiscal regime Areas of emphasis to ensure success of this Goal include the with well-defined parameters (interest rates, duties and following: taxes) for the sector to facilitate increased investment, • Increased integration between the Minerals/Mining Sector exports and retooling. and other segments of the economy, including engineering, • Create a database with relevant economic information education, manufacturing, craft, telecommunications, on the sector and ensure these are widely available and agriculture, tourism, the financial sector, transport and easily accessible. haulage, construction and waste management. • Identify export markets and assist companies, especially • Sequential land-use planning - issues of conflicting land small and medium sized entities (SMEs), to increase use with other sectors of the economy, mineral resources market share and export earnings. and mineral reserves management, post-minerals Ministry of Transport & Mining 30 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 31 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector development planning and protection of government KEY ACTIONS & STRATEGIES revenues from the sector will be effectively addressed and • Require the implementation of new and appropriate synergies enhanced. technologies for the recovery and reuse of waste rock and • The GOJ is to develop and pursue systems for market top soil from mining. information and quality standards coupled with the • Best practices and appropriate systems will be required strengthening of the monitoring and evaluation framework to meet the challenges attending to tailings, waste for the sector. water streams, emissions into all environmental media, • The GOJ is to ensure that incentives within the minerals land rehabilitation, biodiversity, heritage and cultural sector align with the Fiscal Incentives (Miscellaneous protection. Provisions) Act 2013, incentive regimes specific to the • Improved integration between GOJ entities, more regular Bauxite and Alumina Sector, other legislations and and detailed testing of water quality to prevent possible mechanisms, and an investor-friendly and competitive fiscal contamination of water resources (ground and surface framework with well-defined parameters is established. water). The proposed Comprehensive Minerals Development Act • Ensure the enforcement of Life of Mine plans , which are will give greater clarity to this commitment. properly monitored and if not adhered to, penalties levied. • The GOJ is to build institutional capacities to give effect to • Encourage mineral entities as well as entrepreneurs to laws and policies that are enacted and implemented. pursue opportunities to use minerals waste to create other GOAL 3: TO IMPROVE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH products including cast iron and dross-based products, AND SAFETY, COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND bricks, pigments, floor tiles and water treatment options. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP THROUGHOUT THE • Ensure state agencies are properly equipped to evaluate SECTOR and monitor waste disposal sites and activities. MAIN CONCERNS - Policy Issues # 3, 5 and 7 • Require mining companies to include emissions • Best practices are adhered to in health, safety and standards and procedures that are consistent with environmental management, including the disposal of international standards and global best practices – waste materials that are generated by the sector. encourage requirements to obtain international standard certifications (for e.g. the ISO 50001 and 14000 geared • New, innovative and appropriate technologies are to be towards the implementation of Energy and Environment employed to address sector generated waste including Management, respectively). dry-stacking. The use of land considers the need for economic development, the protection of watersheds, • Promote the development of a carbon management policy water resources, forests, heritage, culture, biodiversity, by mining entities. land and other assets. • Increase air quality monitoring in and around mining and • The operations of the Minerals Sector are not externalized mineral processing operations. on host communities and the wider society. • Establish community-based Joint Minerals Development • Benefits from mining activities redound to host Monitoring Committees (MDMC) based on the experiences communities. form the Joint Bauxite Community Councils (JBCC). These committees should facilitate good relations between • Emergency preparedness planning is robust and communities and companies, and provide a recognised continuous. structure to channel host communities’ concerns to Policy Positions - The Government of Jamaica will: minerals development companies and benefits from o Design and implement appropriate policies that will mining back to the host communities. ensure the minerals sector does not negatively • Consider and evaluate various proposals to facilitate impact the environment. and ensure there are adequate financial means for o Require the implementation of international best rehabilitation and mine closure work such as insurance practices for environmental stewardship, community policies, rehabilitation bonds, environmental management relations and occupational health and safety plans and disaster prevention and management plans. standards. • Improve the competence and capacity of GOJ entities and o Ensure appropriate land management uses and other stakeholders to effectively and proactively monitor restoration practices are observed. the sector’s compliance with environmental, health and safety, and related laws and regulations, ensure increased participation in the regulatory and approval processes as Ministry of Transport & Mining 32 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector well as in the on-going mining activities and post-mining MAIN CONCERNS – Policy Issues # 1, 2 and 6 closure. • Improved and increased beneficiation. • Promote mineral exploration and exploitation as a • Increased value-added production. stimulus to attract further economic development in host • Increased preparation for mine closure. communities. Apply the development corridor concept. • Institutional framework for developing and employing new and clean technologies. • Ensure strict implementation of and adherence to health • Increased application of science and technology and safety standards and Jamaican laws governing these throughout the sector. subjects. • Research and development employed for geological • Vigorously enforce penalties against mineral exploiting mapping, exploration, mining and other activities. operations for breaching the operating conditions of their • Reduced duplication by Government mining entities licences, leases and or applicable statutes. Policy Positions – The Government of Jamaica will: • Require minerals development companies to hold adequate insurance and other securities to mitigate • Encourage and facilitate, where possible, the efficient damages and loss arising from their activities. and appropriate application of energy, land and other resources. • Adopt pollution prevention (including the elimination of recurring dust nuisances and hazards where possible) as • Ensure the establishment and maintenance of appropriate opposed to ‘end of pipe’ or pollution control approaches intra and inter-sectoral linkages that will result in increased – to take into consideration nuisances during and after efficiencies and competitiveness. mining operations. This Policy promotes industrial • Ensure agreements, commitments and principles on symbiosis and the ecosystem approach. climate change to which Jamaica is signatory are honoured. • Create ‘no go areas’ in which mining activities will not be • The GOJ will facilitate the streamlining of relevant allowed. The CCPA is one such area. Government agencies to reduce duplications and ensure • Ensure the effective rehabilitation of mined-out and other increased efficiencies through the creation of a National disturbed lands. Minerals Institute and other entities • Identify and sensitize stakeholders of the threats posed to KEY ACTIONS & STRATEGIES the business from rising sea levels and adverse weather conditions (e.g. impact on berths / port facilities and • Establish a National Minerals Institute (NMI) to lead infrastructure such as access to mining roads / quarrying research, development and innovation relating to all sites). minerals. Areas of emphasis to ensure success of this Goal include the o The NMI will build on integrating the experiences, following: physical assets and staff of the Jamaica Bauxite • Ensure that operations within the minerals sector observe Institute (JBI), the Earthquake Unit (EU) and segments the required occupational health and safety requirements, of the Mines and Geology Division (MGD). environmental standards and pursue community relations o The NMI will work in tandem with national tertiary policies that engender community support. institutions and the private sector. • Continued training of GOJ personnel within the Minerals • Seek to use cleaner energy sources in mining operations Sector. (e.g. cleaner fuels for vehicles and greater penetration of • Exposure of investors, mine managers, regulators and renewable energy technologies) other stakeholders to best practices in active mining and • Strengthen energy efficiency and energy conservation minerals development operations. practices across the sector • Sessions with the Jamaica Business Development • Strengthen the linkages and interaction between the Commission (JBDC) and similar organizations to expose various institutions that are pursuing R&D them to business opportunities that are available from • Give focus to applied research which improves efficiencies minerals waste. in the sector. GOAL 4: TO INCREASE EFFICIENCIES WITHIN THE • Introduce an annual quarry licence and mining lease MINING / MINERALS SECTOR BY ENCOURAGING renewal fee. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR INNOVATION. • Promote quality assurance standards. • Improve the capacities of existing laboratories to establish Ministry of Transport & Mining 33 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector efficient and functional physical and chemical analytical • Promote programmes aimed at educating the populace facilities with internationally recognized certification. about the sector’s significance to national development • Create incubation facilities to allow for the and the need to protect our mineral resources. commercialisation of new R&D results. Areas of emphasis to ensure success of this Goal include the Areas of emphasis to ensure success of this Goal include the following: following: • Pursue accreditation for mining courses (certificates, • Modernize and ensure internationally recognized/ diplomas and degrees) at local institutions. industry relevant certification of GOJ owned laboratories • Utilize various media and other fora to inform Jamaicans within the Mining Sector. about the importance of mining and the wider minerals • Streamline the management of GOJ laboratories. sector. • Provide financing and other resources to ensure research GOAL 6: TO FACILITATE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OPTIMIZATION by GOJ entities into minerals and mining related matters. AND INCREASED PARTICIPATION OF JAMAICANS, • Provide incentives for private sector entities to pursue INCLUDING OWNERSHIP AT ALL LEVELS OF THE MINING/ innovation and research. MINERALS SECTOR GOAL 5: TO EDUCATE AND TRAIN JAMAICANS IN SUPPORT MAIN CONCERNS – Policy Issue # 8 OF THE MINING / MINERALS SECTOR • Jamaicans, including an increasing number of women, are significant owners and managers of minerals related MAIN CONCERNS – Policy Issue # 7 businesses. • Training and retention of specialized mining skills. • Benefits from the proceeds of minerals development • Improved knowledge/skills in plant operations. redound to host communities and the Jamaican public. • Linkages with educational institutions to develop Policy Positions – The Government of Jamaica will encourage: appropriate training programmes and opportunities. • Local ownership of minerals development operations • Public awareness regarding the sector’s significance and other forms of investments by Jamaicans in the local to national development and the need to protect the Minerals Sector. This also includes maximizing the quantity country’s mineral resources. of local content (goods and services) by Jamaicans. Policy Positions - The Government of Jamaica will: • The participation of females at all levels within the sector. • Encourage and facilitate the training of persons in relevant KEY ACTIONS & STRATEGIES minerals development and related skills necessary to effectively manage and advance the minerals sector. • Transform the Bauxite Community Development Programme (BCDP) into a Minerals Community • Facilitate the streamlining of relevant Government Development Programme (MCDP). This will extend agencies to reduce duplications and ensure increased investment to communities that have been impacted efficiencies through the creation of a National Minerals by mineral development activities other than bauxite Institute and other entities. and facilitate the re-investment in these communities of KEY ACTIONS & STRATEGIES financial resources generated by the sector. • Establish a human resources training regime to ensure • Through legislation, require mining companies, within the availability of trained personnel at all levels for the a maximum of 5 years, to provide land titles to persons minerals sector. The resources available at CMU, HEART/ whom they resettle. The Bauxite Lands Land Titling NTA, U-TECH, UWI and other tertiary institutions will be Committee (BLLTC) will monitor this process with respect harnessed for this task. Cooperation with suitable overseas to persons relocated by the bauxite mining companies. institutions will be crucial to obtain optimum value from expenditure on training and education. • Mandate by law and facilitate sustainable ‘life after mining’ projects and the maintaining of good environmental • Establish licensing authority for minerals-related quality in host communities. professionals. • Regulatory entities will ensure that minerals development • Encourage private companies to dedicate resources to operations do not externalize the cost of their operations improve the competencies of their staff and provide on the public. Where communities are negatively bursaries for students. impacted, the responsible company will pay adequate • Investigate and promote local and international training compensation and correct the mischief. opportunities to industry practitioners. • Ensure that private land owners can benefit to the same Ministry of Transport & Mining 34 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 35 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector extent as government when mining occurs on their lands. POLICY OUTCOMES • Facilitate ownership of equity in mineral operations by Jamaicans, including promotion of joint ventures, and other ownership arrangements between local and foreign M odernized Minerals Sector (Goals 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5) • Diversification of exploited minerals capital. o Transformation from perception of a mono- • Encourage the creation of a capital development fund to minerals industry facilitate investments in the minerals sector by local SMEs. o Increased focus on value-added products • Promote private venture capital funds and other innovative structures and financing mechanisms to • Integration of the Minerals sector into the wider economy support the minerals sector. Funds held by entities such as • Longer terms for licences and leases the National Insurance Scheme (NIS), pension funds, and the National Housing Trust (NHT) should be allowed to • Stronger intra and inter-sectoral linkages invest in bankable and profitable segments of the minerals • Partnership with tertiary and other training institutions sector. IMPROVED SUSTAINABILITY (GOALS 1 & 3) • Ensure mining entities establish and maintain standards for • Improved quality and more rapid land rehabilitation the physical security, acceptable bathroom and changing facilities for women. • Sequential land use management • Through various international partnerships and co- • Submission and implementation of closure plans operations, encourage women and other Jamaicans • Increased use of renewable energy and application of to access the necessary capital/financing to enable energy efficiency ownership of mining operations. • Improved emissions, health and safety standards • Require workplace culture sessions for male employees to • Waste reduction and re-use ensure that they become more comfortable with women in the workplace, especially in technical and managerial • Increased Jamaican ownership and management of roles. minerals development operations • Increased number of women in all areas of the sector Areas of emphasis to ensure success of this Goal include the following: • Improved use of earnings generated from the sector • Require mining companies to provide Jamaicans with • Improved water management and recycling blocks of shares. INCREASED EFFICIENCIES (GOALS 1 & 4) • GOJ to make available to Jamaicans a portion of its • Training and certification of competent cadre of individuals ownership stake in mining operations. to operate within the sector • Through policy and legislation, ensure Jamaicans occupy o Exposure to new technologies senior managerial and technical positions in mining o Establishment of a Minerals School companies. • Research & Development • Encourage Jamaican participation in programmes that facilitate development and growth of women in the sector. • Spatial Planning • More efficient processes (shorter turn-around time for POLICY INSTRUMENTS approvals; easier application processes) T he Government will utilize both regulatory instruments • Review licensing regime and duration (laws, policies and regulations) and economic instruments • Increased profits and reduced waste from each unit of (incentives, waivers, fees, taxes, tax credits, etc.) to achieve capital and labour invested the desired outcomes that are proposed by this policy. AN ENABLING POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY In addition, the Government will encourage the private sector FRAMEWORK (GOALS 1 & 3) to implement certain practices and guidelines as well as other private sector based instruments to impact their development. • Modernization of legislative framework • New and amended legislation • Stronger monitoring mechanisms • Stronger penalties for non-compliance Ministry of Transport & Mining 36 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector MODIFIED FISCAL REGIME (GOALS 1-6) • Improved minerals waste management and disposal The existing fiscal regime for the Bauxite/Alumina Industry measures will, modified, as necessary, to facilitate increased investments and the development of all segments of the Minerals/Mining SECTION 3 – MOVING FORWARD Sector. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK Plant expansion, including the establishment of certified and accredited laboratories, as well as equipment acquisition T he policy’s successful implementation will require linkages between the minerals sector and other segments of the economy and society. These include, but are not limited to and modernization, research and development along with the development of new mineral processing and waste energy, manufacturing, engineering, transport, environment, management technologies, and the creation and marketing of construction, tourism, finance, agriculture, sanitation, craft, new value added products will be incentivized. and education and research. Waiver of the Bauxite Production Levy and other payables to the Government will be significantly curtailed. THE MAJOR IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES ARE: 1. The Ministry with responsibility for mining INCREASED INVESTMENTS (GOAL 2) 2. The Mines and Geology Division (MGD) / The Jamaica • Import substitution Bauxite Institute (JBI) • Increased export financing • Information easily available to potential investors 3. The National Minerals Institute (NMI) • Re-investment of proceeds in the sector and the wider 4. The Ministry with portfolio responsibility for the economy environment has responsibility for environmental • Expansion of installed production capacity, particularly in management, land use planning and development, the area of value addition spatial planning and solid waste management. • Favourable investment climate (interest rates, duties, 5. The National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA)/ taxes, trained and efficient labour force, etc.) The Natural Resources Conservation Authority (NRCA) • Improved training and increased number of persons trained by the sector. This includes increased numbers of 6. The Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited (JBM) and Clarendon women Alumina Production Limited (CAP) 7. The Water Resources Authority (WRA), National Land STRONGER COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS (GREATER Agency (NLA), the Forestry Department, the National INTEGRATION BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS WITHIN Works Agency (NWA) and COMMUNITIES) (GOALS 3 & 6) 8. Parish councils • Integration of abandoned minerals development assets (haul roads, bridges, buildings, wells, etc.) into community Local universities and other research institutions will play and national development a key role in keeping abreast of research as well as engage in research and development in minerals management, • Increased corporate social responsibility, including minerals processing technologies and processes, and minerals sustainable community development programmes exploitation to meet the country’s emerging needs and • Strategic investments in host communities continuously work with the government and private sector to • Reinvestment in host and other minerals-related keep them informed of these emerging technologies as well as communities of a minimum of 20 per cent of all royalties facilitate the adoption and adaptation of these technologies by collected annually consumers and investors. Universities and other tertiary level training institutions will take a leading role in the provision of INCREASED EMPHASIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL training courses for persons working in or wishing to pursue a STEWARDSHIP (GOAL 3) profession within the minerals industry. • This includes stronger hazard mitigation mechanisms PROPOSED NEW INSTITUTIONS throughout the sector and effective control of negative environmental impacts The following entities will be established to effect the minerals sector’s development: • Improved corporate, social and environmental stewardship programmes, including better climate resilience by 1. The National Minerals Institute (NMI) will lead research entities within the sector and pilot the management and development of all the country’s minerals wealth, excluding oil and gas, and Ministry of Transport & Mining 37 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector water. It will subsume the functions of the Jamaica Bauxite involving relevant public and private sector stakeholders will Institute (JBI) and the Geological Survey and research be employed. This will be directed by the goals and indicators, functions of the current Mines and Geology Division guidelines of the Cabinet Office and aligned to the Monitoring (MGD), which will be incorporated into the new institute, and Evaluation Framework that is part of Vision 2030 Jamaica bringing with it important experience and knowledge from as well as the Whole of Government Business Planning Process. the Bauxite and Alumina Industry, the Industrial Minerals Sub-sector and the Metallic Minerals Sub-sector. The indicators represent the foundation of a results-based monitoring and evaluation system to ensure that the Policy’s The NMI will facilitate the minerals sector’s transformation six goals and other policy commitments are achieved. This will, into a multi-minerals and predominantly value-added in turn, contribute to the achievement of the related goals as entity which is integrated into the wider economy. This set out in Vision 2030 Jamaica - National Development Plan. includes the development of an integrated industrial minerals, metallic minerals, bauxite and alumina and rare The policy will be evaluated after three years to ascertain earth metals sector, which is also focused on exploiting the extent to which targets, goals and other deliverables are mineral resources in the marine space. The NMI will being achieved. It will be updated in light of progress to assess become the central entity responsible for managing whether or not amendments in policy are required. Sustainable Jamaica’s mineral resources and developing its development criteria – economy, environment and social minerals sector. It will have no regulatory functions as priorities - will be used to guide strategy in a balanced way for all such functions will be remitted to the MGD. the longer-term. 2. The Minerals Development Advisory Council (MinDAC), will be revitalized and expanded to include oversight for The responsible ministry, currently the Ministry of Transport training personnel for the minerals sector. It will work and Mining (MTM), will conduct broad stakeholder closely with the Ministry responsible for the minerals consultations periodically to review and assess the policy’s portfolio and will assist in providing guidance to the effectiveness. The results of the assessment and evaluation, Minister and institutions on matters relating to the including recommendations, will be published in a report for development of the minerals sector. submission to the Cabinet. 3. The Minerals Development Fund (MDF) will be utilized to purchase mineral-bearing lands, where necessary. It PROPOSED INDICATORS will consist of a Mineral Lands Bank (MLB) that will hold The performance indicators for a sustainable minerals and trade mineral-bearing lands as a key strategy to sector include targets for tailings management, energy use, minimize their sterilization. greenhouse gas emissions management, external outreach, 4. The Bauxite Lands Land Titling Committee (BLLTC) will crisis management planning, emissions to all environmental continue to effect its functions through the Minerals media, ratio of value-added mineral production to raw mineral Policy, Planning and Development Division. production and export, scale of on-going mineral exploration, transparency in reporting government earnings from the FINANCING THE NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY sector, number of hectares of land mined and restored The Policy will be financed through several mechanisms, annually, quality of land rehabilitation, and the scope and including: types of investments in the development of host communities. • An annual quarry relicensing fee to be levied on all holders of quarry licences, In a wider context and across sectors, performance indicators • Increase in royalties on all minerals that are mined, for sustainability also include the sector’s integration with the wider economy, biodiversity protection and replenishment, • An annual fee for all Mining Leases (MLs) and Special investment in human resource development beyond Mining Leases (SMLs). the requirements of the minerals sector, investment in These monies are to be held in a special account at the Ministry infrastructure and long-term income generating activities to of Finance, and, where necessary, will be supplemented by facilitate an enhanced livelihood after depletion of the mineral funds from the Bauxite Production Levy and or other funds as resource, land rehabilitation and other after-care activities. Cabinet may determine from time to time. The proposed indicators for the National Minerals Policy MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK over the period 2016-2030 are presented in the table below. These indicators are the building blocks of the Monitoring and The Ministry with responsibility for minerals/mining will be Evaluation programme. Targets will be set in collaboration accountable for monitoring and evaluating the implementation with the key implementation partners. of this Policy. A continuous programme of monitoring, Ministry of Transport & Mining 38 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector INDICATORS AND TARGETS – NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY 2017 – 2030 MINERALS SECTOR PROPOSED OUTCOME INDICATORS BASELINE PROPOSED TARGETS COMMENTS 2016 or Most Current 2020 2025 2030 Percentage change in export earnings 14.2% 2-4% from the Bauxite/Alumina Industry (%) Average % change in value added 50% Locally set by outputs of non-metallic minerals (lime, the Ministry with cement, whiting, etc.) responsibility for mining Percentage (%) change in export earnings from the Industrial Minerals Sub-sector Percentage change in US$ foreign 14.2% 2-4% exchange inflows of export earnings from Bauxite Sub-sector (%) Average % change in value-added 290 tonnes Increase by output of non-metallic minerals (lime, 50% cement, whiting, etc.) Percentage of total bauxite used in the 70.0% ≥ 80% ≥ 85% ≥ 95% production of alumina (%) Total operating cost of production per US$320.00 ton of alumina (US$) Percentage of mined lands 66.00% rehabilitated (%) Percentage of quarried lands rehabilitated (%) Tonnes of minerals extracted per annum Bauxite Limestone Shale Gypsum Clay Pozzollan Gold Silver Other minerals Hectares of mined-out lands rehabilitated per annum Number of licences and permits issued per annum: Quarry Licences Exclusive Prospecting Licences Special Exclusive Prospecting Licences Mining Leases Special Mining Leases Export permits Environmental permits Ministry of Transport & Mining 39 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector INDICATORS AND TARGETS – NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY 2017 – 2030 (Continued) MINERALS SECTOR PROPOSED OUTCOME INDICATORS BASELINE PROPOSED TARGETS COMMENTS 2016 or Most Current 2020 2025 2030 Hectares of land disturbed Percentage of minerals mined transformed into value-added products annually Curriculum for training of mining professionals (Mining School) implemented Number of persons certified National Minerals Institute established Mineral Lands Purchase Fund (MLPF) established Mineral Lands Bank established Ratio of emissions to tonnes of minerals mined Ratio of emissions to tonnes of value-added mineral products manufactured Number of accidents per annum Number of fatalities per annum Other indicators to be considered for the monitoring and evaluation of this policy are as follows: • Use of fuel as a percentage of its annual output (fuel efficiency) • Community development initiatives as a percentage of royalties • Sector’s percentage contribution to GDP • Percentage of investments in the minerals sector as a percentage of total investments in the country • Level of FDI in the sector as a percentage of total FDI in the country • Percentage of employment in the sector as a percentage of total employment • Number of jobs created by the sector and the number of indirect beneficiaries • Percentage of mining operations with local and international certification (eg: ISO 14000 certification) • Quality of water bodies, air, soil and biodiversity in mining areas • Number of geo-hazard maps developed annually • Amount of geological data updated, archived and protected annually • Number of geological and resource assessment reports produced annually • Annual expenditure on mineral exploration activities • Ratio of emissions to total mined land areas • Ratio of emissions to total quantity of mined minerals converted to value-added mineral products • Energy intensity of the mining sector. Ministry of Transport & Mining 40 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector APPENDIX Ministry of Transport & Mining 41 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 42 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 43 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 44 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 45 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 46 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 47 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 48 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 49 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 50 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 51 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 52 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 53 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 54 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 55 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 56 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 57 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 58 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

APPENDIX II - EXISTING LEGISLATION IMPACTING THE MINERALS SECTOR T he main pieces of legislation governing the minerals sector are the Mining Act, the Quarries Control Act and their Regulations, the Minerals (Vesting) Act, and taxation and incentive legislation for the Bauxite and Alumina Industries. However, there are several other statutes that influence mineral exploitation in Jamaica. The most important of them are listed below. MINING LEGISLATION LAND USE LEGISLATION The Minerals (Vesting) Act Crown Property (Vesting) Act The Mining Act Land Acquisition Act The Mining Regulations Land Development and Utilization Act The Petroleum Act Local Improvements Act The Quarries Control Act Town and Country Planning Act The Quarries General Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION TAXATION LEGISLATION Beach Control Act Customs Act Endangered Species Act General Consumption Act National Solid Waste Management Authority Act Harbour Fees Act Natural Resources Conservation Authority Act Income Tax Act Air Quality Regulations Land Taxation (Relief) Act Public Health Act Land Valuation Act The Forest Act Property Tax Act The Jamaica National Heritage Trust Act Stamp Duty Act Watersheds Protection Act The Bauxite (Production Levy) Act Water Resources Act The Bauxite and Alumina Industries (Encouragement) Act Wildlife Protection Act The Bauxite and Alumina Industries (Special Provisions) Act The Cement Industry (Encouragement and Control) Act Transfer Tax Act OTHER OPERATING STATUTES INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS Foreign Nationals and Commonwealth Citizens (Employment) Act Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Labour Relations and Industrial Disputes Act World Trade Organization Agreement Shipping Act European Partnership Agreement Standards Act CARICOM The Caribbean Community and Common Market Act The Cargo Preference Act The Export Industry (Encouragement) Act The Free Zone Act Wharfage Act Gunpowder and Explosives Act Ministry of Transport & Mining 59 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

APPENDIX III - MINERALS AND MINERAL-BASED PRODUCTS T he Minerals Sector is a conglomeration of activities geared at mining/quarrying mineral resources, and producing raw minerals and value-added mineral products consumed by various sectors of the economy. Jamaica’s known mineral resources can be grouped in the following four categories: • Metallic minerals: copper, gold, silver, etc. • Industrial minerals: bauxite, clay, dolomite, gypsum, limestones, marble, sand and gravel, shale, silica sand, volcanic rocks, etc. • Fossil fuels: peat, petroleum, etc. • Semi-precious minerals. Common uses of minerals found in Jamaica are shown in the following table. MINERAL AND MINERAL- USES BASED PRODUCT Bauxite Transportation, Construction; Containers, Consumer durables, Mechanical equipment, Packaging, Pipes and tubes, Refractory and Abrasives, Electrical transmission components, etc. Gold Jewellery, Decorative articles, Dentistry, Electronics Marble (Geological) Slabs: counter tops, monuments, cladding, furniture, tiles (Commercial) Tiles: flooring, wall Limestone (Chemical and Industrial): Lime, Grounded Calcium Carbonate, Fertilizer, Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, Pigmented Lime, Quicklime, PVC pipes, Adhesives, Hydrated Calcium Carbonate (calcium hydroxide) (Construction) Aggregates, Construction blocks, Dimension stones Refractory, Agriculture, Environmental Dolomitic Limestone Refractory blocks, Iron and steel manufacturing, Magnesium metal, Chemicals, Solar photovoltaic panels Sand and Gravel Construction, Filtration, Concrete blocks, Ready mix concrete, Glass, Filler, Abrasives Volcanic Rocks Cement , Dimension stone, Construction aggregates, Tiles, Slabs, Cladding material Bonding Agents Cement, Grout, Thin-set, Lime-based mortar, Dry wall, Ceiling material, Construction-ready cement mix: cement with sand and gravel Clay Tiles, Art work, Ceramics, Drillers’ mud, Beauty products Gypsum Construction, Cement, Agriculture, Filler Shale Cement Semi-precious minerals Jewellery, Decorative articles Products produced fromm Various Minerals in Jamaica. Ministry of Transport & Mining 60 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

APPENDIX IV - INDUSTRIAL MINERAL RESOURCES IN JAMAICA CLAY 7 DEPOSIT TYPE DEPOSIT LOCATION PARISH ESTIMATED RESOURCE (Million Metric Tonnes) Alluvial Deposit Frome Plains Westmoreland 152.4 Alluvial Deposit Black River Valley St. Elizabeth 0.508 Alluvial Deposit Holland St. Elizabeth 0.254 Alluvial Deposit Frenchman’s St. Elizabeth 0.03 Alluvial Deposit Cow Market St. Elizabeth 0.304 Alluvial Deposit Nassau and Essex Valley St. Elizabeth 2.54 Alluvial Deposit Bog Walk St. Catherine 2.15 Alluvial Deposit Cave Valley St. Ann 0.762 Alluvial Deposit Liguanea St. Andrew UNKNOWN Residual Deposit Above Rocks St. Andrew UNKNOWN Residual Deposit Golden River St. Andrew 0.002 Hydrothermal Deposit Jobs Hill St. Mary 0.007 GYPSUM DEPOSIT NAME 90% GYPSUM 80% GYPSUM 70% GYPSUM ANHYDRITE Brooks 1,299,770 mt 1,524,200 mt 1,645,100 mt 3,097,400 mt Av. Grade 94.29% 92.89% 91.66% 22.55% Bito 1,539,400 mt 2,060,700 mt 2,229, 900 mt 2,154,600 mt Av. Grade 93.98% 92.43% 91.22% 35.79% Halberstadt 3,663,500 mt 3,668, 600 mt 3,688,600 mt 2,366,900 mt Av. Grade 93.49% 93.44% 93.44% 11.97% TOTAL RESERVES 6,502,600 mt 7,273,500 mt 7,563,600 mt 7,618,900 mt Wtd. Av. Grade 93.76% 93.03% 92.39% 23.00% Life (Years) 33 36 38 7 Inferred Estimate of Total Clay Resources = 158.9 million metric tonnes. Source: Bailey, B. V. (1970) Jamaican Clay Deposits, Economic Geology Report, Geological Survey Division. 8 Source: Jamaica Gypsum Ltd (Technical Reports – Mines and Geology Division /Jamaica Bauxite Institute) 1957 – 1980. A 2016 exploration project by a local company has generated information which indicates the presence of a much larger gypsum reserve than stated here. Ministry of Transport & Mining 61 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector SKID RESISTANT AGGREGATES DEPOSIT NAME DEPOSIT LOCATION RESERVES Bito Ramble St. Andrew/St. Thomas 122 million metric tonnes (Confirmed) Approx. 1 billion metric tonnes (Inferred) Lottery St. James 12.6 million metric tonnes Tom Spring Hanover 11.5 million metric tonnes Nutfield St. Mary 14.64 million metric tonnes HEAVY METALS/MINERALS/BLACK SANDS DEPOSIT NAME TOTAL SAND ESTIMATE TOTAL IRON TOTAL TITANIUM OXIDE Alligator Pond (Western Extension) 3,356,640 mt 241,678 mt (7.2%) 46,267 mt (1.4%) Alligator Pond (Eastern Extension) 11,249,280 mt 1,723,680 mt (15.3%) 308,448 mt (2.74%) Sand Hill Deposit 1,767,040 mt 277,213 mt (15.67%) 59,194 mt (3.12%) TOTAL 16,372,960 mt 2,242,571 mt 413,909 mt Additionally, there are some 500,000.00 mt of silica sands in the Hodges, Luana and Punches areas of St. Elizabeth. CALCAREOUS DOLOMITE/DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE Known Dolomitic Limestone Resources DEPOSIT NAME PARISH MgO RANGE CaCO3 RANGE ESTIMATED RESOURCE Stewart Bay/White Bay Trelawny 0.49% - 19.64% 58.94% - 99.33% 2.632 billion mt Port Henderson St. Catherine 17.99% - 21.7% 32.16% - 35.04 150 million mt LIMESTONE (CALCIUM CARBONATE - WHITING GRADE) Total reserves of whiting grade limestone deposits are yet to be completely quantified. An inferred resource estimate of 11.15 billion tonnes of high quality whiting grade limestone is theorized to exist within the island. LIMESTONE (CALCIUM CARBONATE – CHEMICAL, INDUSTRIAL, METALLURGICAL GRADE) Total reserves of industrial, chemical and metallurgical grade limestone deposits are yet to be quantified. An inferred resource estimate of 57.5 billion metric tonnes of high quality limestone for chemical, industrial and metallurgical applications is theorized to exist within the island. 9 Source: Phase 1 - Skid Resistant Aggregates of Jamaica, Bulletin No. 13, Economic Minerals Unit, Mines and Geology Division, Kingston. Total known reserves currently approximately 160 million metric tonnes. N.B: Project on-going with two other potential reserves being evaluated. 10 Source: Geddes, A.J.S. (1975) Preliminary Study on Black Sands Deposits of Southern Manchester, Mines and Geology Division, Kingston. 11 Source: Mineral Resources of Jamaica, Bulletin No. 8, 1981, Mines and Geology Division, Kingston. NB: Total dolomite reserves currently unknown. Ministry of Transport & Mining 62 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector ALLUVIAL SAND AND GRAVEL DEPOSIT NAME DEPOSIT LOCATION ESTIMATED REPLENISHMENT RATE EXTRACTION RATE (2004) Rio Minho Clarendon 24 million mt (extreme flood events) 352,272 mt 29.8 million mt (small flood events) Yallahs10 St. Thomas 17.1 million mt (extreme flood events) 915,002 mt 24 million mt (small flood events) Rio Grande Portland Unknown 14,348 mt Morant River St. Thomas Unknown 13,446 mt Wag Water River St. Mary/St. Andrew Unknown 215,167 mt Rio D’Oro St. Catherine Unknown 4,334 mt Dry River St. Mary Unknown 17,796 mt Rio Pedro St. Catherine Unknown 3,922 mt Flint River St. Mary Unknown 1,011 mt MARBLE DEPOSITS LOCATION PARISH COLOUR ESTIMATED RESOURCE (mt) Braziletto Clarendon off-white, beige 50 Rodon Store Clarendon variety of brown, beige 20 Thatch Pen Clarendon off-white, beige 4 Cave Valley Hanover off-white, beige, variety of brown - Cuckold Point Manchester cream-beige to brown, pink 50 Troy Manchester cream-beige, pink, brown 50 Chepstowe Portland grey and black 10 Mavis Bank St. Andrew white, grey and black 10 Lumsden St. Ann variety of brown, pink 5 Above Rocks St. Catherine black and pink “granite” - Colbeck St. Catherine off-white, beige, pink 20 Fort Clarence St. Catherine off-white, beige 20 Hellshire St. Catherine off-white, pink, variety of brown 50 Paul Mountain St. Catherine cream, pink 10 Point Hill St. Catherine off-white, beige, pink, variety of brown, yellow 20 Redground St. Catherine variety of brown, yellow, pink 5 Flower Hill St. James off-white, pink 5 Garbrand Hall St. Thomas grey, black and green 10 Greenfields St. Thomas Green - Serge Island St. Thomas red and white, green and maroon 3.5 Stewart Bay Trelawny white and off-white 8 12 Estimated replenishment rate over a ten year period. 13 Sediment Budget Resource Estimate (SEBRA) Project, Technical Report, N. Miller, 2004. Source: Mines and Geology Division. 14 Source: Jamaica Marble, Bulletin No. 12, Mines and Geology Division, 1998. Ministry of Transport & Mining 63 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 64 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Chemical, Industrial, Metallurgical, Grade Limestone, Deposits Ministry of Transport & Mining 65 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Skid Resistant Aggregate Deposits in Jamaica Ministry of Transport & Mining 66 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Other Major Industrial Mineral Deposits Ministry of Transport & Mining 67 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Base Metal Occurrences of Jamaica Ministry of Transport & Mining 68 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Precious Metal Occurences of Jamaica Ministry of Transport & Mining 69 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 70 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

APPENDIX VI - SUSTAINABLE The Control, Use and Management of Land DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINERALS Mineral development is one of a number of often competing SECTOR land uses. There is frequently a lack of planning or other frameworks to balance and manage possible uses. As a result, there are often problems and disagreement around issues S ustainable development is one of a range of ideas about how humans should best interact with each other and the biosphere. Considering its importance in modern society and such as compensation, resettlement, land claims of indigenous peoples, and protected areas. its possible impact on the environment, the minerals industry Minerals and Economic Development internationally has adopted the Brundtland definition of sustainable development: “…development that meets the Minerals have the potential to contribute to poverty alleviation needs of the present without compromising the ability of and broader economic development at the national level. future generations to meet their own needs”. Countries have realized this with mixed success. For this to be achieved, appropriate frameworks for the creation and To harness this commitment within a strategic framework, management of mineral wealth must be in place. Additional the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) challenges include corruption and determining the balance adopted a set of sustainable development principles in May between local and national benefits. 2003 which pledged the international industry, including the industry in Jamaica, to: Local Communities and Mines Minerals development can also bring benefits at the local level. 1. Implement and maintain ethical business practices and Recent trends towards, for example, smaller work forces and sound systems of corporate governance. outsourcing affect communities adversely, however. The social 2. Integrate sustainable development considerations within upheaval and inequitable distribution of benefits and costs the corporate decision-making process. within communities can also create social tension. Ensuring that improved health and education or economic activity will 3. Uphold fundamental human rights and respect cultures, endure after mines close requires a level of planning that has customs and values in dealings with employees and others too often not been achieved. who are affected by our activities. Mining, Minerals and the Environment 4. Implement risk management strategies based on valid data and sound science. Minerals activities have a significant environmental impact. Managing these impacts more effectively requires dealing with 5. Seek continual improvement of our health and safety unresolved issues of handling immense quantities of waste, performance. developing ways of internalizing the costs of acid drainage, 6. Seek continual improvement of our environmental improving both impact assessment and environmental performance. management systems, and doing effective planning for mine closure. 7. Contribute to conservation of biodiversity and integrated approaches to land use planning. An Integrated Approach to Using Minerals 8. Facilitate and encourage responsible product design, use, The use of minerals is essential for modern living. Yet current re-use, recycling and disposal. patterns of use face a growing number of challenges, ranging from concerns about efficiency and waste minimization to the 9. Contribute to the socio- economic and institutional risks associated with the use of certain minerals. Companies at development of host communities. different stages in the minerals chain can benefit from learning 10. Implement effective and transparent engagement, to work together communication and independently verified reporting arrangements with our stakeholders. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Minerals Industry The greatest challenge to embedding sustainable development Viability of the Minerals Industry in minerals companies is the difficulty of linking the concept to The minerals industry cannot contribute to sustainable financial success. Most companies are struggling to establish development if companies cannot survive and succeed. This a clear business case for pursuing this path. There is indeed requires a safe, healthy, educated, and committed work a business case for addressing sustainable development force; access to capital; a social licence to operate; the ability concerns: lower labour and health costs, improved access to attract and maintain good managerial talent; and the to lenders and insurers, lower post-closure costs, and often opportunity for a return on investment. reputational and market advantage. Ministry of Transport & Mining 71 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Some companies are undertaking specific measures to Metallogeny integrate the principles of sustainable development into The study of the genesis of mineral deposits, with emphasis on corporate practice, but most are far from developing a detailed their relationship in space and time to regional petrographic vision. Several tools are commonly used, including corporate and tectonic features of the earth’s crust. strategy and policy, change management programmes, formal risk management procedures, implementation and auditing Metallurgy of internal objectives and targets, project appraisals, and core A domain of materials science of materials engineering that staff studies the physical and chemical behaviour of metals, their inter-metallic compounds, and their alloys. Minerals and Economic Development Mineral Minerals development is hard to justify if it does not bring economic benefits, particularly to countries and regions that An element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline lack alternative sources of development and are otherwise and that has been formed as a result of geological processes. unattractive to foreign investors. In addition to gaining hard Mineral-bearing lands currency from taxes and royalties, benefits from mineral development should include employment, infrastructure such Lands, including areas covered by water, containing mineral as roads and hospitals, linkages upstream to industries that resources of commercial value or which in future will have supply goods and services or downstream to industries that commercial value. process mineral outputs, and technology transfer. Mineral deposit In some countries, however, mineral activities have not brought A geologic occurrence of minerals in relatively concentrated form. sustained economic development. Sudden wealth may have Mineral Development Zone detrimental effects on social and political life, leading to or supporting corruption, authoritarian government, human A declared area set aside for the concentration of mineral rights abuse, or armed conflict. exploiting operations. Mineral exploitation Source: International Institute for Environment and Development and World Business Council The systems, processes and techniques through which mineral for Sustainable Development. 2002. Breaking New Ground- The Report of the Mining, deposits are transformed into usable mineral commodities. Minerals and Sustainable Development Project. London: Earthscan Publications Limited It includes mineral extraction, processing (raw minerals or high value value-added products), transportation and sale for commercial purposes. It also includes recycling and

APPENDIX VII - GLOSSARY rehabilitation of mined areas. Beneficiation Mining A variety of processes whereby extracted ore from mining is The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and materials from the earth, usually, but not always, from an ore waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. body, vein, or seam. In a wider sense, it can also include the extraction of petroleum, natural gas and water, and may be Ecosystem approach defined as the activity, occupation, and industry concerned The integrated management of natural and manmade with the extraction of minerals. landscapes, ecological processes, physical and biological Quarrying components, and human activities, designed to maintain A form of mining that is generally centred on the extraction of the integrity of our ecosystem (Natural Resources of Canada, rocks or minerals at the Earth’s surface. Quarries are generally 1995). used for extracting building materials, including sand and gravel, limestone and dimension stone, and other relatively Extractive metallurgy cheap and bulky minerals such as salt. They are usually The practice of extracting metal from ore, purifying it, and shallower than other types of open-pit mines. However, there recycling it. are instances in which a part of a quarry or an entire quarry is located underground. Host community The location in which mineral exploitation activities occur. Ministry of Transport & Mining 72 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Sequential land-use Sustainable mining development The series of processes, planning and management systems Financially viable mining development that takes place in an which facilitate the orderly use of land for different purposes environmentally and socially responsible manner with sound at different times. governance that provides benefits that last beyond the life of the mine to the communities where mineral development, Sustainable development production and transportation take place (World Bank). Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland Report, 1987). APPENDIX VIII MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES Ministry of Transport and Mining Oral Rainford (Committee Chairman) Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy and Mining Oral Rainford (Committee Chairman) Ministry of Energy and Mining Oral Rainford (Committee Chairman) Ministry of Mining and Telecommunications Oral Rainford (Committee Chairman) Ministry of Agriculture & Lands Oral Rainford (Committee Chairman) Rohan Richards, Delroy Coley, Cecille Blake, Mohini Kiswani, Claudette Hall Ministry of Local Government & Environment Rollin Alveranga, Leonie Barnaby, Lorna Perkins, Donna Blake Ministry of Industry, Technology, Energy and Commerce Conroy Watson Ministry of Tourism, Entertainment and Culture Althea Johnson Ministry of Housing, Transport, Water and Works Melissa Nangle, Doreen Prendergast, Shernette Simpson, Paula Parkes Ministry of Finance and Planning Pauline Gregory-Lewis, Richard Murray, Shauna Trowers, Verdayne Wallace National Environment and Planning Agency Betsy Bandy, Vivian Blake, Khalice Bradshaw, Tameka Clough, Gilroy English, Kirk Haughton, Andrea Jones, Gina Sanguinetti-Phillips, Agostinho Pinnock Mines and Geology Division Clinton Thompson, Leighton Williams, Trevor MaCain, Ronald Edwards Jamaica Bauxite Institute Yolanda Drakapoulos, Sonia Mitchell, Dianne Gordon, Ciaron Walker, Shanti Persaud Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica Gavin Gunter Forestry Department Owen Evelyn, Susan Watson Rural Physical Planning Division Vincent Campbell, Marvell Gray Office of the Cabinet Peter Myers, Jacqueline daCosta, Ann-Marie Bonner Office of the Prime Minister (Ministry of Development) Arlene Nelson, Joy Douglas (Highway 2000 Development Project) Planning Institute of Jamaica Peter-Anne Donaldson, Christine Duncan Water Resources Authority Basil Fernandez, Lawrence Barrett Statistical Institute of Jamaica Janet Geoghagan-Martin, Philone Mantock National Investment Bank of Jamaica Beverley Robinson Jamaica Trade and Invest (JAMPRO) Ruth Crooks, Robert Kerr National Land Agency Donovan Hayden National Works Agency Errol Mortley Jamaica Constabulary Force Keith Gardner, Charles Simpson Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited Coy Roache, Bridget Spaulding Bureau of Standards Jamaica Hopeton Brown Ministry of Transport & Mining 73 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

APPENDIX VIII (Continued) MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE PRIVATE SECTOR AND PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Rugby Jamaica Lime & Minerals Limited Norman Davis Private Sector Organisation of Jamaica Eleanor Jones Mining and Quarrying Association of Jamaica Anthony Morgan, Godfery Perkins Incorporated Master Builders Association Patrick Gordon Alpart Mining Venture Glen Lynagh, Frank Ross Mining Engineering Associates Audley Roberts Quarries Advisory Committee Carl Thomas, Godfrey Perkins JAMALCO Christopher D. R. Bovell, Timothy O’Driscoll, Candice Stewart Jamaica Premix Donovan Matthews Silica Mining and Engineering Limited Harry Ince, Jennifer Ince West Indies Alumina Company Locksley Allen Jamaica Institute of Environmental Professionals Denise Forrest Somerset Enterprises Limited William W. Powell, Albert Powell Michael Black Limited Marjorie Paul Shaw’s Quarry Michelle Shaw Consultant / Graduate Student Thera Edwards UGI Group Beverly Robinson NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY WORKING GROUP 2010-2011 (ALIGNED NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY) NAME OF INSTITUTION NAME OF REPRESENTATIVE Ministry of Energy and Mining Oral Rainford (Committee Chairman), Julette Wilson, Taniquea Callam, Denis Miller Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries Tasha Nembhard Forestry Department Marilyn Headley, Owen Evelyn, Susan Watson Ministry of Environment (OPM) Leonie Barnaby, Gillian Gutherie Ministry of Tourism, Entertainment and Culture Althea Johnson, Tina Williams Ministry of Transport and Works Melissa Nangle, Doreen Prendergast, Shernette Sampson Ministry of Finance and the Public Service Sophia Lindsay, Pauline Gregory-Lewis, Richard Murray, National Environment and Planning Agency Anthony McKenzie, Khalice Bradshaw, Tameka Clough, Andrea Jones-Bennett Mines and Geology Division Clinton Thompson, Leighton Williams, Ronald Edwards, Laurence Henry Jamaica Bauxite Institute Dianne Gordon, Ciaron Walker, Shanti Persaud, Dr. Phillip Baker Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica Gavin Gunter Ministry of Transport and Works Shernette Sampson Ministry of Health A. Graham Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Deon Williams, Lisa Bryan-Smart Rural Physical Planning Division Vincent Campbell, Marvell Gray Office of the Cabinet Peter Myers Office of the Prime Minister Sonia Hyman, Wayne Robertson Planning Institute of Jamaica Peter-Anne Donaldson, Richard Kelly Ministry of Transport & Mining 74 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY WORKING GROUP 2010-2011 (Continued) (ALIGNED NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY) NAME OF INSTITUTION NAME OF REPRESENTATIVE Water Resources Authority Basil Fernandez, Lawrence Barrett Statistical Institute of Jamaica Janet Geoghagan-Martin, Philone Mantock Jamaica Trade and Invest (JAMPRO) Camille Savage, Ricardo Durrant National Land Agency Donovan Hayden National Works Agency Roger Smith, Errol Mortley Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited Coy Roache, Bridget Spaulding Bureau of Standards Jamaica Hopeton Brown Quarries Advisory Committee Carl Thomas, Arthur Geddes Ministry of Investment, Industry and Commerce M. Frater, Donovan Diaz Jamaica National Housing Trust Dorrick Grey, Andene Brooks Consultants Elizabeth Emanuel, Gina Sanguinetti

APPENDIX IX 2008 ISLAND-WIDE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ON THE DRAFT NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY PARISH VENUE LOCATION DATE TIME ST. THOMAS Yallahs Baptist Church Yallahs Oct. 2, 2008 4:00 p.m. St. Elizabeth Technical High Santa Cruz Oct. 30, 2008 5:00 p.m. ST. ELIZABETH School ALPART Sports Club Nain Nov. 27, 2008 10:00 a.m. MANCHESTER Ridgemount United Mandeville Nov. 3, 2008 5:00 p.m. Central Manchester Church South Manchester Porus Community Centre Porus Nov. 27, 2008 5:00 p.m. CLARENDON Vere Technical High School Hayes Nov. 12, 2008 5:00 p.m. Hayes Mocho Area Lennon High School Mocho Nov. 13, 2008 5:00 p.m. KINGSTON Hilton Hotel Ballroom New Kingston Dec. 4, 2008 5:00 p.m. ST. ANN Brown’s Town Brown’s Town Nov. 26, 2008 5:00 p.m. Anglican Church ST. CATHERINE Ewarton Ewarton Dec. 3, 2008 5:00 p.m. Community Centre ST. MARY St. Theresa Catholic Annotto Bay Dec. 8, 2008 5:00 p.m. Church Hall WESTMORELAND Wesley Methodist Church Savanna-La-Mar Dec. 11, 2008 5:00 p.m. Ministry of Transport & Mining 75 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FOLLOWING ENTITIES PARTICIPATED IN THE ISLAND-WIDE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS IN 2008 1. Ministry of Mining and Telecommunications 44. Explosives Sales and Services Limited i. Hon. Laurence Broderick, Minister of State 45. The Gleaner Company Limited ii. Jamaica Bauxite Institute Limited (JBI) 46. CEMEX Jamaica Limited iii. Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited / Bauxite and Alumina 47. Jamaica Environment Trust Trading Company (JBM/BATCO) 48. St. Thomas Environmental Protection Agency iv. Mines and Geology Division (MGD) 49. Michael Black Limited 50. Mincenco Limited 2. National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) 51. Irie FM 3. Forestry Department 52. Caribbean Cement Company Limited 4. JAMALCO Bauxite Company and Alumina Refinery 53. Carib Stone Industry Limited 5. Mining and Quarrying Association of Jamaica (MAQJ) 54. Paul Mountain Quarry 6. Northern Jamaica Conservation Association (NJCA) 55. PowerGen Limited 7. Manchester Parish Development Committee 56. Office of the Prime Minister 8. St. Ann Parish Council 57. Optimist Club of Cane River 9. Westmoreland Chamber of Commerce 58. National Water Commission 10. Social Development Commission 59. Environmental Solution Limited 11. Mocho Citizens Association 60. Sunbeam Basic School 12. St. Thomas Parish Development Committee 61. Llandewey Community Development Council 13. Windsor Research Centre 62. Excel Youth Club 14. ALPART Council of Community Councils 63. Yallahs Primary School 15. ALPART 64. Aeolus Valley All Age School Parent Teacher Association 16. Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica 65. Ogilvie’s Quarry 17. Jamaica Trade and Invest / JAMPRO 66. Southhaven Citizens Association 18. Thompson Town Anglican Church 67. Scott’s Pass Development Committee 19. Lennon High School 68. Porus Craft and Agriculture Association 20. Mocho Tourism Committee 69. Spring Grove United Youth Club 21. Osbourne Store Primary School 70. Porus Community Development Council 22. Mocho Community Development Council 71. Restaurant Owken 23. Porus Community Development Council 72. Ewarton Community Committee 24. Rocky Point Citizens Association 73. Cross Roads Citizen Association 25. Corn Piece Citizens Association 74. US Peace Corps / ECOPAC 26. E. B. Singh and Sons Limited 75. Mrs. Beverly R. Jobson – Councillor, Ewarton Division 27. Sha-Gore Aggregates Limited 76. Whitehouse Citizens Association 28. Maston Company Limited 77. Jamaica Aggregates Limited 29. Salt River Citizens Association, Clarendon 78. Annotto Bay Health and Environmental Association 30. Chemical Lime Quarry 79. Annotto Bay Baptist Church 31. Jamaica Information Service 80. Mr. Tarn Peralto – Member of Parliament, South East St. Mary 32. Clarendon Parish Development Committee 81. Dr. Maurice Guy- Member of Parliament, Central St. Mary 33. Mr. Winston Maragh – Councillor, Rocky Point Division 82. Enfield Citizens Association 34. Island Special Constabulary Force 83. Jamaica National Building Society 35. Mr. Luther Buchanan - Member of Parliament, Eastern 84. Cameron Quarry Westmoreland 85. Santa Cruz Police Youth Club 36. Jamaica Red Cross 86. St. Elizabeth Technical High School 37. Wesley Methodist Church 87. St. Elizabeth Community Development Fun 38. Green Produce Farm Limited 88. Manchester Environment Protection Association 39. Clarke’s Quarry 89. Mr. Goyfield Harrison – Councillor, Knockpatrick Division 40. Brown’s Town Primary School 90. Manchester High School 41. St. Mark’s Church 91. Mandeville Police Youth Club 42. Midland Ranch 92. Manchester Development Area Committee 43. Marcus and Bob Community League 93. Asia Development Committee Ministry of Transport & Mining 76 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector 94. Central Manchester Retirement Citizens Association 95. Trevor Dunkley & Company 96. Sangster and Walter Mining Company 97. Knox Community College 98. Java District Citizens Association Written comments were also received from the following persons who were unable to attend the consultations: 1. Mr. Learie Miller, Planning & Urban Design Dept., Town of Markham, Ontario, Canada 2. Mr. Craig Foreman 3. Ms. Claudette Hall, Land Administration and Management Division, Office of the Prime Minister. 4. Mrs. Eleanor Jones, Private Sector Organisation of Jamaica The following entities were also represented at a high- level inter-government agency ‘after public consultations’ consultation on April 2, 2009: 1. Ministry of Mining and Telecommunications: Mrs. Marcia Forbes (Permanent Secretary), Mr. Oral Rainford, Mr. Clinton Thompson, Mr. Robert Royer 2. Port Authority of Jamaica: Captain Hopeton Delisser and Mr. E. Marsh 3. National Works Agency: Mr. Roger Smith, Mr. Mark Richards 4. Ministry of Industry, Investment and Commerce: Mr. Douglas Webster, Ms. Deirdre Salmon 5. Cabinet Office: Mr. Peter Myers 6. Jamaica Bauxite Institute: Mr. Parris Lyew-Ayee, Dr. Phillip Baker, Mrs. Sonia Mitchell, Mrs. Dianne Gordon, 7. Jamaica Bauxite Mining Limited: Mr. Coy Roache 8. Quarries Advisory Committee: Mr. Harold Brady (Chairman) 9. Ministry of Water and Housing: Ms. Melissa Nangle 10. Ministry of Finance and the Public Service: Ms. Rose-Marie Smith 11. Office of the Prime Minister: Mr. Orlan Simpson 12. Ministry of Tourism: Mr. Osbourne Chin, Ms. Tina Williams 13. Planning Institute of Jamaica: Mr. Richard Kelly 14. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries: Ms. Stacy Rose 15. Ministry of Transport and Works: Ms. Monifa Blake Ministry of Transport & Mining 77 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector APPENDIX X 2011 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ON THE DRAFT NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY Ministry of Transport & Mining 78 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector

APPENDIX X (Continued) 2011 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ON THE DRAFT NATIONAL MINERALS POLICY Ministry of Transport & Mining 79 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 80 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 81 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 82 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Ministry of Transport & Mining 83 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provided grant funding, which provided for the employment of a con- sultant, Prof. Magnus Ericson, who helped to reformat the draft National Minerals Policy in 2014. THE COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT Comments on the draft policy were received from the Commonwealth Secretariat in July 2016. PRESENTATIONS TO THE CABINET, GOVERNMENT OF JAMAICA November 2017 and July 2019. Ministry of Transport & Mining 84 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector REFERENCES Minerals Policy and Development Division. 2008. Survey of Local Quarry Operations. Kingston: Ministry of En- Bailey, B. V. 1970. Jamaican Clay Deposits. Economic ergy, Mining and Telecommunications, Government of Geology Report. Kingston: Geological Survey Division, Jamaica Government of Jamaica Minerals Policy and Development Division. 2006. A Buxton, A. 2012. MMSD+10: Reflecting on a Decade of Programme to Develop the Industrial Minerals Sector. Mining and Sustainable Development. IIE D Discussion Kingston: Ministry of Land and Environment, Govern- Paper. London: International Institute for Environment ment of Jamaica and Development Integration with the Bauxite and Alumina Sector and Geddes, A.J.S. 1975. Preliminary Study on Black Sands other Sectors of the Economy. 2007. Kingston: Ministry Deposits of Southern Manchester. Kingston: Mines and of Agriculture and Lands, Government of Jamaica Geology Division, Government of Jamaica Mines and Geology Division. 2004. Sediment Budget Government of Jamaica. 1997. Policy for the National Resource Estimate (SEBRA) Project. Technical Report. System of Protected Areas. Kingston: Natural Resources Kingston: Ministry of Land and Environment, Govern- Conservation Authority ment of Jamaica Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals Mines and Geology Division. 1998. Jamaica Marble, and Sustainable Development. October 2013. A Mining Bulletin No. 12. Kingston: Mines and Geology Division, Policy Framework: Mining and Sustainable Develop- Government of Jamaica ment: Managing One to Advance the Other. Ontario: Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals Mines and Geology Division. 1981. Mineral Resources and Sustainable Development. of Jamaica, Bulletin No. 8. Kingston: Mines and Geology Division, Government of Jamaica International Finance Corporation / World Bank Group. December 2007. Environmental, Health and Safety Mines and Geology Division Phase 1 - Skid Resistant Ag- Guidelines for Mining. Washington, D.C.: World Bank gregates of Jamaica, Bulletin No. 13, Economic Minerals Group Unit, Kingston International Institute for Environment and Develop- Minister of Public Works and Government Services ment and World Business Council for Sustainable Devel- Canada. 1996. The Minerals and Metals Policy of the opment. 2002. Breaking New Ground - The Report of the Government of Canada: Partnerships for Sustainable Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project. Development. Ottawa: Ministry of Natural Resources London: Earthscan Publications Limited Canada International Organisation for Standardization (ISO)/ Ministry of Local Government and Environment. 2006. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17000: Watershed Policy for Jamaica (Final Draft). Kingston: 2004, Geneva Ministry of Local Government and Environment Jamaica Gypsum Limited. 1980. Technical Reports – Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2012. Economic and Social MGD/JBI: 1957 – 1980. Kingston: Jamaica Gypsum Survey Jamaica 2011. Kingston: Planning Institute of Limited Jamaica Mine Monitoring Unit. 2000. Mining and the Economy. Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2011. Economic and Social Kingston: Ministry of Mining and Energy, Government of Survey Jamaica 2010. Kingston: Planning Institute of Jamaica Jamaica Ministry of Transport & Mining 85 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2010. Economic and Social INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Survey Jamaica 2009. Kingston: Planning Institute of LIMESTONE Jamaica Owing to its varied applications, the development of Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2008. Economic and Social this mineral, which includes dolomitic limestone, offers Survey Jamaica 2007. Kingston: Planning Institute of Jamaica the possibility to reshape and reposition its Jamaica Mining Sector. Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2006. Economic and Social Survey Jamaica 2005. Kingston: Planning Institute of Areas of meaningful commercial possibilities include Jamaica limestone’s application in the following areas: Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2005. Economic and Social Construction Survey Jamaica 2004. Kingston: Planning Institute of Jamaica • Fine and coarse aggregates. These materials find application in numerous areas and are particularly Planning Institute of Jamaica. 2004. Economic and Social tied to the construction industry. Manufactured Survey Jamaica 2003. Kingston: Planning Institute of limestone sand finds application in construction, Jamaica beach nourishment, golf courses and other areas. Statistical Institute of Jamaica. 2005. National Income Manufactured limestone sand is being exported. and Product 2004. Kingston: Planning Institute of • Concrete, Roadstone, Rail-line Ballast, and Boulders Jamaica (Rip Rap) for coastal defence. The latter is likely to United Nations Department of Economic and Social become increasingly important as the impacts of Affairs (UNDESA) and United Nations Environment climate change, including sea level rise, begin to be Programme Industry and Environment (UNEP). 1994. more widely pronounced. Environmental Guidelines for Mining Operations. New • Slabs for use as counter tops, furniture, cladding York: United Nations. materials and flooring. • Stone craft, including monuments.

APPENDIX XI COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES • Portland cement and other bonding agents and WITHIN THE MINERALS SECTOR finishes. • Construction, including ornamental construction, Significant investment possibilities exist in all segments decorative blocks and masonry units. of Jamaica’s Minerals Sector. • Garden tiles. BAUXITE AND ALUMINA • Fill. Should a cheap and plentiful supply of environmentally • Roofing Granules. benign energy be found, aluminium production with Agricultural Applications allied fabrication and other manufacturing activities would become financially viable in Jamaica. • Animal feed • Soil additive The GOJ is yet to divest its holdings in the Bauxite and • Disease and odour control (environmental control) Alumina Industry. Industrial Applications Investors should consider providing engineering and other services to the alumina companies and port and • Industrial Lime (Quicklime). This product is necessary port facilities to the Industrial Minerals Industry. for alumina manufacturing during the Bayer Process. • Filler (plastics, detergents and bathsoap, carpet backing, etc.) and abrasives. • Refractory • Hydrated Lime Ministry of Transport & Mining 86 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector • Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) Possible Manufacturing Opportunities • Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) • Construction and decorative blocks • Glass, Paper, Steel, Alumina Manufacturing • Cobble stones • Fluxstone • Pavers • Abrasives and grind stones The manufacturing of Industrial Lime, GCC, PCC and • Slabs for use as counter tops, furniture, cladding Hydrated Lime provide for the development of an materials and flooring integrated limestone-based chemical industrial complex. These products can be utilized in various segments of the • Monuments, craft and household items economy. Purposeful changes to GOJ policies to facilitate • Boulders for coastal protection the development of this chemical industrial complex will, where necessary, be considered. EXPLORATION FOR METALLIC MINERALS The uncovering of a gold and silver (Au – Ag) deposit, A significant local market will be necessary to effect the copper, gold and silver (Cu, Au, Ag) deposit or some proposed development. Exportation would be secondary, other deposit with a different combination of precious but compulsory to achieve profitability and to benefit and base metals has the potential to help improve the from economies of scale. country’s economic fortunes. This is especially the case should precious metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) Chemical and Miscellaneous Applications dominate the deposit. • Sulphur Dioxide Control • Paper The volcanic rocks, which are also the oldest rocks in • Ferrosilicon the country, have been shown to be the host of these metals. These rocks are found at the surface in several • Dolomitic limestone finds ready application in glass inliers, which form an east - west spine across the island. and steel manufacturing. The largest outcrop of these rocks is in the east of the island within the Blue and John Crow Mountains that Limestone’s primary chemical application derives from cover sections of Portland, St. Thomas, St. Andrew and its ability to neutralize acids. St. Mary. The Central Inlier, which covers sections of northern Clarendon and northern St. Catherine, is the Food and Pharmaceutical Applications second largest, with those in St. James and Hanover • Calcium supplements being the smallest by area covered. • Antacid PRIMARY MARKETS • Anticaking agent in flour • Jamaica and other Caribbean territories • Cosmetics • United States of America (particularly the Southern USA) HARD VOLCANIC ROCKS • South America (areas south of the USA) These include locally available andesite, granodiorite and basalt, which can produce excellent quality fine and CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS coarse aggregates for the construction industry. These The quantum of investment capital required will be rocks’ permeability and compressive strength, among dictated by the scale of operation, area of commercial other characteristics, make them excellent candidates activity (industry, construction, food and pharmaceutical, for use in construction. This is especially the case in chemical application, etc.), type and cost of equipment, heavily trafficked areas such as airport runways, major geographical location of the mineral resource / reserves, intersections and high performance structures, including availability and access to port and required port facilities, multi-storey buildings, dams and highways. among other amenities and requirement issues. Ministry of Transport & Mining 87 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector LIME PLANT The construction of a lime plant, capital requirement of approximately US$25 million – US$30 million, is generally the single largest capital investment in a limestone processing complex. QUARRY A properly developed and resourced quarry (influenced by size of annual output, geographical location and its development needs to ensure operational efficiency, type, age and size of equipment and machinery, characteristics of the mineral deposit, and access to port and port facilities, etc.) will require a capital outlay of US$3 million – US$12 million. Ministry of Transport & Mining 88 Towards a Modern, Diversified, Efficient -The National Mineral Policy and Financially Attractive Minerals Sector Designed by the Jamaica Information Service