Implementation Plan for the National Plant Health Policy 2014-2018

i Government of Jamaica IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Name of Project: NATIONAL PLANT HEALTH POLICY Project Period: 2014-2018 Revision Date: Replaces Document dated: The Implementation plan has been developed by the Plant Health Coordinating Committee (PHCC) with the support of the Public Sector Modernization Division (PSMD) of the Cabinet Office. January 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... iii 1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of the Implementation Plan .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Scope of work ............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.0 RISK MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................ 7 3.0 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED ......................................................... 11 4.0 LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................ 21 5.0 POLICY IMPLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 23 6.0 THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ............................................................................................................ 24 6.1 Governance Framework ........................................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Overall Project Financing ........................................................................................................................ 25 6.3 Objectives and Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 28 6.4 Monitoring Implementation ...................................................................................................................... 33 6.4.1 Project Activities and Status ..................................................................................................................... 33 6.4.2 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) ............................................................................................................ 50 6.5 Overall Implementation Schedule ............................................................................................................. 51 6.6 Annual Breakdown of Costs for Implementation ...................................................................................... 52 7.0 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................. 53 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS ACP Agricultural Competitiveness Programme ADRM Agricultural Disaster Risk Management System AED Agricultural Export Division ASSP Agricultural Support Services Project CAP Certification of Agricultural Produce Programme CARDI Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute CIB Coconut Industry Board Coffee Industry Board CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CO Cabinet Office CODEX Codex Alimentarius Commission CPC Chief Parliamentary Council EPPR Emergency Preparedness and Plant Pest Response FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GAPs Good Agricultural Practices GMO Genetically Modified Organism GMPs Good Manufacturing Practices ICM Integrated Crop Management IICA Inter-American Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture IOJ Institute of Jamaica IPM Integrated Pest Management IPPC International Plant Protection Convention ISO International Organization for Standardisation JCPA Jamaica Citrus Protection Agency MoAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries MOH Ministry of Health MOU Memorandum of Understanding NCBJ National Certification Body of Jamaica NEPA National Environment and Planning Agency NEPPC National Emergency Plant Pest Committee NFA/FD National Forest Agency/Forestry Department NGO NonGovernmental Organization NPHB National Plant Health Board NPPO National Plant Protection Organization NSC National Surveillance Committee PCA Pesticides Control Authority PEQ Post Entry Quarantine PHCC Plant Health Coordinating Committee PHIS Plant Health Information System PHS Plant Health System PMEU Performance Management Evaluation Unit PPU Plant Protection Unit PQ/PI Plant Quarantine/ Produce Inspection Branch PRA Pest Risk Analysis PSMD Public Sector Modernization Division RADA Rural Agricultural Development Authority RPPD Rural Physical Planning Department SRC Scientific Research Council SIRI Sugar Industry Research Institute SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures TCPA Town and Country Planning Authority ToR Terms of Reference UWI University of the West Indies WTO-SPS World Trade Organization Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 1 1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 Background The task of protecting Jamaican agriculture is becoming increasingly challenging, as natural and national borders that once were effective barriers to the spread and introduction of unwanted organisms or materials are now under pressure from the volumes of international traffic. Continental countries with land borders have always experienced difficulties in monitoring and controlling the movement of pests across their borders. Island nations are no longer protected by their surrounding oceans, as the volumes and speed of modern air and shipping traffic breach their natural defences against pest introduction. These challenges are also compounded by limited financial and human resources to safeguard these borders against unwanted pest introductions. In addition, the intensification of production systems based on exotic species and climatic and environmental changes have all increased the risks of introducing harmful alien species. This poses increasing difficulties for phytosanitary authorities. In their day-to-day operation, phytosanitary authorities now face many demands such as assessment of pest risk, evaluation of control measures and planning for emergency responses to pest outbreaks. The impacts of pests and unwanted species are widespread and have a negative effect on the environment, economy and society in general. Some of these pests have the capacity to cause damage to the natural environment and agricultural crops. Economic costs of pest eradication and long term pest control options are normally borne by taxpayers, farmers and ultimately, consumers. The application of pesticides to control unwanted pests leads to damage of the ecosystem, higher costs of production and negative effects on human health and nutrition. Political and social impacts associated with regulated pests include the hampering of sustainable development opportunities as pest infestations and outbreaks negatively affect food security and rural stability. Pest outbreaks can impact negatively on small farmer incomes and lead to the deepening of poverty in rural areas due to the destruction of livelihoods. 1.2 Introduction The Plant Health Policy was developed, which identified the gaps and failures in the current plant health system in light of requirements of international treaties and agreements and food safety and phytosanitary standards of our major trading partners. The policy identified issues faced by Government that hinder the development of an efficient plant health system. The Implementation Plan will therefore make provision for the revision of existing legislation, building of institutional capacity, scientific systems, quarantine capacity, surveillance systems, emergency response for pest outbreaks and increased public awareness. The Implementation Plan: 1. Identifies all the activities to be undertaken in achieving each policy objective; 2. Identifies the roles and responsibilities of the various Agencies involved in the process to prevent duplication of efforts; 3. Identifies gaps, limitations and interrelated activities which may impact the successful implementation of the policy; 4. Develops specific timelines, performance indicators and funding requirement; and 5. Provides for the monitoring and evaluation of the policy implementation. 3 1.3 Objectives The major objectives of this implementation plan are to: 1. Establish a national coordinating mechanism for plant health activities. 2. Improve the current plant health systems in accordance with international standards, obligations and best practices (e.g. International Plant Protection Convention {IPPC}, World Trade Organization Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures {WTO SPS} Agreement etc.). 3. Promulgate modern plant health legislation, associated regulations and protocols 4. Strengthen technical and operational capacities of plant health entities 5. Facilitate the development of systems to mitigate the introduction, spread and impact of harmful alien pest species, which will be used in tandem with the national Agricultural Disaster Risk Management System (ADRM) 6. Promote the use of good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good manufacturing practices (GMPs) (post-harvest component) 7. Develop and implement public education and awareness programmes for plant health 8. Facilitate plant health research and development activities 9. Monitor and evaluate the plant health system Interrelations and Interdependences of Objectives The plan recognizes the inter-relations and interdependences of the various objectives and planned activities as illustrated in the implementation schedule in Section 6.5 of the document. 4 1.4 Scope of work The Scope of work includes: 1. Establishment of the National Plant Health Board (NPHB) and National Emergency Plant Pest Committee (NEPPC); designation of National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) 2. Authorizing the Plant Protection Unit (PPU), Rural Agricultural Development Authority (RADA) and Customs Department to provide complementary support to the NPPO 3. Institutionalization of the National Plant Health Coordinating Committee (PHCC) as the technical advisory to the NPHB 4. Enactment of modern plant health legislation and the revision of existing legislation governing plant health in each agency 5. Development of appropriate technical capacities and competences in plant health (i.e. monitoring, surveillance, quarantine, risk analysis etc.), in keeping with international best practices and standards 6. Promoting the use of GAPs and GMPs in keeping with international best practices and standards 7. Strengthening research and coordinating activities to provide adequate and timely scientific support for phytosanitary concerns, capacity building and cooperative research 8. Development of a public education programmes on plant health issues and their impact on environmental and human health 9. Establishing formal mechanisms for stakeholders participation in the development and sustainability of the Plant Health System (PHS) The Scope of work includes: 10. Influencing the development of international standards through active participation in meetings, conferences and seminars i.e. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX), IPPC and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11. Establishment of mechanisms for the monitoring and evaluation of the national PHS Interrelated Activities are the activities that will not be undertaken in this implementation plan but have implications/ impacts and supports the Plant Health Policy 1. E-government including the Port Community System 2. International Food Standards impacting trade 3. National Food Safety Policy (2011) 4. Jamaica Trade Policy 2001 (revised) 5. The development of a Food and Nutrition Security Policy 6. Jamaica National Agency for Accreditation (JANAAC) 7. National Certification Body of Jamaica (NCBJ) 8. Bureau of Standards Certification of Agricultural Produce (CAP) Programme 9. Implementation of the E-Trade System (export module) 10. Agricultural Competitiveness Programme (ACP) 6 Assumptions/Understanding 1. Shared vision and “buy in” among the Agencies 2. Cooperation by relevant stakeholders 3. Project will be adequately resourced 4. The political will to implement the plan 5. Legislative framework 7 2.0 RISK MANAGEMENT Objectives Major Issues Recommendations 1. To establish a national coordinating mechanism for plant health activities Fragmentation of responsibilities, gaps, duplication of activities and general lack of coordination among the agencies whose activities impact plant health  Designate Plant Quarantine/Produce Inspection Branch(PQ/PI) as the NPPO with support from RADA, PPU and the Customs Department  Establish the NPHB  Institutionalize the PHCC  Establish the NEPPC  Establish an integrated mandatory reporting system for sharing information  Formalize collaborative arrangements with academia, commodity boards and non governmental organizations (NGOs) 2. Improve the current plant health systems in accordance with international standards, obligations and best practices (e.g. IPPC, WTO SPS Agreement) Enforcement of global standards internationally and use of inadequate standards locally limit Jamaica’s access to international markets Adopt international standards and harmonize local standards Lack of coordination in the use of the standards Improve coordination in the use of the standards 3. To promulgate modern Lack of legal status to Enact new legislation to Objectives Major Issues Recommendations plant health legislation, associated regulations and protocols support the work of the NPHB and PHCC empower the NPHB and PHCC There are several dated acts and regulations which are not harmonized with international standards and agreements Revise dated acts and regulations There is no act that governs plant protection activities Investigate the need for a Plant Protection Act Length of time which it take to promulgate legislation in large part due to Chief Parliamentary Council (CPC) processes Seek early and effective engagement of the CPC Insufficient compliance with existing legislation Promote better law enforcement, provide training and education 4. Strengthen technical and operational capacities of plant health entities Inadequate scientific data and its use in decision making Limited access to scientific information  Strengthen mechanisms for generating, sourcing and accessing scientific data for decision making A need for transparent, science-based interventions  Provide further strengthening of the Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) Unit Inconsistent training and inadequate staffing in Increase technical capacities of plant health professionals Objectives Major Issues Recommendations appropriate disciplines through training and increase staff complement Inadequate laboratory services Upgrade and modernize laboratory facilities formally accredit relevant laboratories 5. Facilitate the development of systems to mitigate the introduction, spread and impact of alien pest species, which will be used in tandem with the national Agricultural Disaster Risk Management System (ADRM) No formal comprehensive system of surveillance and data sharing A comprehensive system for pest surveillance and monitoring and data sharing formalized Unscientific data collection by field and extension officers Training of field and extension officers participating in surveillance Lack of contingency plans for the management of alien species Establish the NEPPC The integrated pest emergency response system is not functioning Reactivate and improve the integrated emergency pest response system Delayed activation of ADRM response system Simulation for timely activation of response system when needed 6. Promote the use of GAPs and GMPs (post-harvest component) Stakeholders are reluctant to adapt GAPs and GMPs such as integrated crop management (ICM) and post-harvest standards Established Training and monitoring systems to foster the use of GMPs and GAPs Pesticides misuse by farmers Provide training in pesticide usage and management No formal system for pesticide residue testing Develop a coordinated programme for pesticide Objectives Major Issues Recommendations residue monitoring Adverse impact of climate change on plant health and food security (e.g. high pest pressure and increased crop losses) Develop climate change adaptation strategies 7. To develop public education programmes on plant health issues and their impact on human and environmental health Lack of coordinated structure and funding to support public relations programs Form partnerships with stakeholders for public relations and communication coordinating mechanism 8. Facilitate plant health research and development activities Lack of coordinated efforts in setting priority research areas Set priority areas for research with stakeholders Limited mechanisms for collaboration in research activities Enhance the mechanisms for research and development Inadequate funding Access funding through public-private partnerships and external funding agencies 9. Monitoring and evaluation of plant health system Lack of emphasis on monitoring and evaluation Collaborate with the Performance Management Evaluation Unit (PMEU) in the Cabinet Office 11 3.0 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED The table sets out clearly the different agencies/organization involved in the project, and a summary of their roles and responsibilities. Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions National Plant Health Board Provides high level oversight, coordination and direction. Plant Health Coordinating Committee  Provides technical support to the NPHB.  Coordinates, advises, implements and monitors plant health issues. National Plant Protection Organization  Issues phytosanitary certificates for consignments of plants, plant products and other regulated articles.  Conducts surveillance of growing plants, particularly with the object of reporting the occurrence, outbreak and spread of pests, and of controlling those pests.  Inspects, disinfests or disinfects consignments of plants and plant products moving in international traffic with the object of preventing the introduction and/or spread of pests and in order to meet phytosanitary requirements.  Conducts pest risk analyses.  Protects endangered areas and designates, maintains and conducts surveillance of pest free areas and Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions areas of low pest prevalence. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Plant Protection Unit (PPU), Research and Development Division  Contributes to improved efficiency, productivity and enhanced competitiveness of plant commodities through development of cost effective and environmentally friendly technologies for the management of plant pest outbreaks, inclusive of honeybee pests. This technology is then transferred to farmers through extension.  Provides improved and relevant pest diagnostic and advisory services to stakeholders.  Maintains an updated pest register and determines pest status. Post Entry Quarantine (PEQ) Unit/Plant Protection Unit, Research and Development Division  Provides diagnostic testing of citrus budwood material as a part of the Citrus certification programme.  Maintains citrus parent germplasm.  Provides clean planting material for stakeholders.  Monitors imported plant material and validates phytosanitary clearances issued by exporting countries. Plant Quarantine/Produce Inspection (PQ/PI)  Ensures that the highest quality, pest free produce is imported or exported into/from Jamaica. The Branch is Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions Branch also mandated to ensure that no harmful exotic pest is introduced into the country and becomes established.  Monitors activities to protect and enhance plant health and SPS measures.  Conducts pest risk analyses.  Coordinates pest surveillance and pest response activities.  Certifies farms and nurseries. Rural Agricultural Development Authority (RADA)  Provides sustainable and environmentally safe crop/pesticide management advice to stakeholders.  Transfers ICM/Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies generated by research to stakeholders.  Instructs stakeholders on the safe and efficient use of pesticides.  Conducts pest and pesticide surveillance activities and report findings to Research and Development.  Maintains farmer registration database.  Coordinates the ADRM at the parish levels.  Collects and collates meteorological data for pest forecasting and crop Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions zoning. National Forest Agency (Forestry Department) (NFA/FD)  Maintain the forest cover at not less than 30% of the country  Increase forest cover to at least 2% over the next 10 years  Transfer the local experience and technology to two other territories in the region. Agricultural Export Division (AED)  Monitors pests affecting spice crops (e.g. ginger, tumeric, pimento and nutmeg).  Develops and implements IPM programmes for spice crops.  Conducts research on the efficacy of IPM systems. Ministry of Health Pesticides Control Authority (PCA)  Regulates the registration, use and disposal of pesticides.  Issues licences to import and manufacture pesticides.  Licenses pest control operators, applicators and farm stores.  Promotes safe use and management of pesticides.  Monitors pesticide residue on imported and locally produced foods. Commodity Boards/Groups Sugar Industry Research Institute (SIRI)  Monitors pests affecting sugarcane production and devises IPM strategies for their control. Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions  Conducts research for improved sugarcane production. Coffee Industry Board (CIB)  Maintains the level of coffee pest at a manageable level (3-5% threshold) through monitoring, grower training and contracting research to develop appropriate pest management strategies. Banana Board  Conducts research on the management of banana pests. Coconut Industry Board (CIB)  Provides to growers coconut planting material resistant to lethal yellowing disease.  Addresses the management of existing pest problems through research and development of IPM systems.  Uses proactive approach to prevent and minimize the spread of exotic pests into coconut growing areas.  Promotes the interest and efficiency of the coconut industry.  Encourages the production of coconuts and regulates the purchase, sale, and exportation of coconuts.  Keeps the government informed on the state of the industry.  Advises government when any action is necessary.  Arranges for the issuing of licences Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions to manufactures of coconut products.  Arranges for insurance for coconut trees against damage by wind storm.  Assists growers to market their crops.  Carries out research on agricultural problems of the industry.  Advises growers on their agricultural problems. Cocoa Industry Board  Promotes the growing of cocoa among farmers  Provides technical support  Purchases and processes wet cocoa beans  Sells dried fermented beans. Academic Institutions University of the West Indies (UWI), Department of Life Sciences  Provides academic training and conducts research in the areas of arthropod biology and ecology, botanical pesticides and pesticide management. UWI Biotechnology Centre  Uses modern research tools (e.g. molecular tools) to generate information on agricultural pests, and develop plants with novel traits with greater degrees of resistance to plant pests.  Develop in vitro methods for clean planting material, bio-pesticides, bio active plant products, and soil-bio ameliorants for in vitro and field Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions trials.  Tests for bioactivity (e.g. antimicrobial) and develops bio products (e.g. neem bio-pesticide) in collaboration with other UWI departments.  Provides disease indexed micro propagated planting material for comparative studies.  Develops soil ameliorants (e.g. biochar) that positively influence microbial soil populations around plant roots.  Develops bio-pesticides, diagnostic kits and other non- genetically modified organism (GMO) agro biotech tools. Northern Caribbean University (NCU)  Provides academic training and conducts research in the areas of arthropod biology and ecology, botanical pesticides and pesticide management.  Tests for pesticides, caloric content of food and beverages, moisture, heavy metals and inorganic ions, microbiological, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates for agricultural producers involved in domestic and export business.  Conducts testing seminar sessions Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions for farmers to address best practices in growth and maintenance of plants.  Provides pest-free plantlets to the public. College of Agriculture, Science and Education (CASE)  Provides academic training and conducts research in agriculture.  Maintains a germplasm bank of all locally grown fruit trees.  Diagnoses plant pathogens. Regional Agricultural Research and Development Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI)  Contributes to the achievement of the national goals for sustainable agricultural development as described in Vision 2030.  Identifies gaps in addressing targeted priority areas through consultation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and other stakeholders.  Mobilises resources to address some identified gaps.  Facilitates networking and coordination among institutions involved in agricultural development.  Generates, transfer and apply appropriate technologies through research for development. Food Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO)  Collects analyses and disseminates information.  Advises governments on policy and planning. Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions  Serves as an international forum for discussing food and agricultural issues and approving international standards and agreements.  Provides direct aid for developments.  Intervenes in times of crisis when food production and distribution are disrupted by human or natural disasters such as war, drought and insect infestations. Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International (CABI)  Contributes to improving food security, protecting biodiversity, supporting farmers and providing information to its member countries through scientific publishing, development projects and research, and microbial services. Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)  Provides technical cooperation in technology and innovation for agriculture, agricultural health and food safety, agribusiness, agricultural trade, rural development and training. Other Organizations Jamaica Citrus Protection Agency (JCPA)  Implements and monitors the mandatory citrus certification programme.  Conducts citrus pest surveillance and recommend IPM strategies. National Environment and Planning Agency  Develops environmental and planning policies. http://www.cabi.org/?site=170&page=1009 http://www.cabi.org/?site=170&page=1008 http://www.cabi.org/?site=170&page=3116 Organization Unit/Section Roles/Functions (NEPA)  Monitors natural resource assets and the state of the environment.  Enforces environmental and planning regulations.  Processes applications for environmental permits and licenses (e.g. introduction of species for biological control) and beach licenses.  Grants planning approvals under the Town and Country Planning Act (TCPA).  Grants Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) permits and certificates and Hunters’ Licences.  Provides advice on land use, planning and development.  Provides information on environmental, planning and development issues.  Conducts public education and awareness programmes on environmental and planning issues.  Responds to environmental emergencies. Plant health services provided by these institutions include quarantine, pest/disease diagnosis, pesticide regulation, pest management, surveillance and research. 21 4.0 LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS Legislative implications ensure that we have an effective plant health system in compliance with the following Acts and Regulations. ITEM CURRENT LEGISLATIONS STATUS 1. Plants (Quarantine) Act (1993) Being reviewed 2. Plant Quarantine Act, The Citrus Plant (Certification) Regulations (1999) 3. Plant Quarantine Act, Plant (Importation) Control (Amendments) Regulation (2005) 4. The Pesticides Act (1975) 5. The Pesticides Act, The Pesticides Regulations (1996) 6. The Pesticides Act, The Pesticides (Amendment) Regulations (2004) 7. The Pesticides Act, The Pesticides (Amendment) Regulations (2009) 8. The Natural Resources Conservation Authority Act (1991) 9. The Forest Act (1996) 10. Agricultural Produce Act (1926) Being reviewed 11. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Coffee) Regulations (1941) 12. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Tomatoes) Regulations (1948) 13. Agricultural Produce Act, The Citrus Fruit (Protection) Regulations (1948) 14. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Cocoa) Regulations (1950) 15. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Banana) Regulations (1969) ITEM CURRENT LEGISLATIONS STATUS 16. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Vegetables, Fruits and Ground Provisions) (Export) Regulations (1969) 17. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Ginger) Regulations (1979) 18. Agricultural Produce Act, The Agricultural Produce (Pimento) Regulations (1988) 19. Pesticides Maximum Residues Levels in Crops Food and Feeding Stuff Regulations (2013) Draft 20. Food Storage and Prevention of Infestation Act (1958) 21. Food Storage and Prevention of Infestation Regulations (1973) 22. Standards Act (1969) Being reviewed 23. The Bees Control Act (1968) To be reviewed 24. Weights and Measures Act (1976) Being reviewed 25. Consumer Protection Act (2005) 26. Scientific Research Council Act (1960) Revision pending 27. The Fertilizers and Feeding Stuffs Act (1942) 28. The Fertilizers and Feeding Stuffs, The Fertilizers and Feeding Stuffs Regulations (1945) 29. The Public Health Act (1887) To be revised 30. The Public Health (Food Handling) Regulations (1998, amended 2000) Being reviewed 31. Rural Agricultural Development Authority Act (1990) 32. The Coconut Industry Board Control Act (1945) 23 5.0 POLICY IMPLICATIONS CURRENT POLICIES IMPACT/STATUS National Quality Policy (2001) Food Safety Policy (2010) E-Trade policy/IT Jamaica Trade Policy (2001)  National Strategy and Action Plan on Biological Diversity in Jamaica (2003)  Draft National Biosafety Policy (2011)  Policy for Jamaica ’s System of Protected Areas (1997)  Forest Policy (2001) (updated Forest Land Use Policy, 1996)  Towards a Watershed Policy for Jamaica (2006) (Green Paper No. 2/99) (revised December 2011)  Draft Policy and Regulation for Mangroves and Coastal Wetlands Protection (1998)  Towards a National Policy for Orchid Conservation (2007) (Green Paper No. 1/09)  Draft National Policy for the Conservation of Sea grass (2001)  National Forest Management and Conservation Plan (2001) 24 6.0 THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The implementation plan below identifies the phases, major outcomes and activities related to each objective, as well as the assignment of lead responsibility. The Implementation Plan is divided into the following five (5) sections: 1. Governance Framework 2. Overall Project Financing 3. The major Objectives, related Outcomes and means of verification. 4. Monitoring Implementation 5. Summary of the Implementation Schedule 25 6.1 Governance Framework The implementation of this policy will be govern by the structure below where the Government will designate the Plant Quarantine/Produce Inspection Unit as the National Plant Protection Organization for Jamaica, with complementary plant health services provided by RADA, Plant Protection Unit and Customs Department. Government will also establish a National Plant Health Board to provide advice to the Minister responsible for Agriculture and to the new formally instituted NPPO on all matters related to plant health in the country. The existing National Plant Health Coordinating Committee will serve as the technical advisory committee to the National Plant Health Board. 6.2 Overall Project Financing OBJECTIVE DESIRED OUTCOME COST JA$M To establish a national coordinating mechanism for plant health activities  Establish the NPHB  PQ/PI designated as NPPO with support from RADA, PPU and Customs  PHCC institutionalized  Collaborative arrangements formalized with academia, commodity boards and NGOs  The NEPPC established  Coordination of plant health systems improved 29,200,000 Improve the current plant health system  International standards adopted and existing standards harmonized  Plant health system fully compliant with international standards and best practices 15,500,000 To promulgate modern plant health legislation  Modern plant health legislation enacted and the existing legislation governing plant health revised New legislation to empower the NEPPC, NPHB and PHCC enacted 5,000,000 Strengthen technical and operational capacities  Technical capacities of plant health professionals increased through training  Laboratories upgraded, modernized and select processes accredited 110,500,000 Facilitate the development of sys.spread and impact of alien pest species  Comprehensive system for pest surveillance and monitoring developed  Early detection of pest incursions increased  Emergency Preparedness and Plant Pest Response (EPPPR) Guidelines developed  The NEPPC activated  Develop a comprehensive Plant Health Information System (PHIS) 222,600,000 Promote the use of GAPs and GMPs (post-harvest component  The use of GAPs and GMPs is promoted  Training in pesticide usage and management 183,500,000 The implementation of this plan will be financed through budgetary support from the line Ministries and their respective agencies; financing of specific activities by the Cabinet Office; through allocation of funds under Component 2 of the ACP which provides support for the improvement of an integrated, efficient and sustained Agricultural Health and Food Safety system and; additionally, by leveraging international funding, from donor agencies, through development projects.  Training in GAPs and GMPs  National Pesticide residue monitoring programme for imported and locally produced crops  Climate change adaptation strategies developed To develop public education programmes  Increased public awareness 12,000,000 Facilitate research and development  Plant Health systems driven by relevant and accurate data 100,600,000 Monitoring and evaluation of plant health system  Structured monitoring and evaluation systems for the implementation of the Plant Health Policy and PHS 3,000,000 Contingency 10% 68,190,000 TOTAL COST 750,090,000 28 6.3 Objectives and Outcomes OBJECTIVE DESIRED OUTCOME HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR COMPLETION DATE LEAD ORGANIZATION 1. To establish a national coordinating mechanism for plant health activities Establish the NPHB The NPHB is established and functional Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MoAF) PQ/PI designated as NPPO with support from RADA, PPU and Customs The NPPO is legislated and fully operational PHCC institutionalized PHCC institutionalized and legislated Collaborative arrangements formalized with academia, commodity boards and NGOs Memorandum of understandings (MOUs) developed and signed NPHB, PHCC The NEPPC established The NEPPC established and functional NPHB Coordination of plant health systems improved Roles clearly defined and functions carried out NPHB, PHCC 2. Improve the current plant health systems in accordance with international standards, obligations and best practices (e.g. IPPC, WTO-SPS Agreement etc.). International standards adopted and existing standards harmonized Adoption of CODEX, IPPC, SPS etc. standards MoAF Plant health system fully compliant with international standards and best practices  Number of standards adopted  Reduced incidence of non-compliance OBJECTIVE DESIRED OUTCOME HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR COMPLETION DATE LEAD ORGANIZATION 3. To promulgate modern plant health legislation, associated regulations and protocols Modern plant health legislation enacted and the existing legislation governing plant health revised Acts and Regulations revised, amended, consolidated or repealed to support the plant health policy and system MoAF; Ministry of Health (MOH) New legislation to empower the NEPPC, NPHB and PHCC enacted New legislation enacted MoAF 4. Strengthen technical and operational capacities of plant health entities Technical capacities of plant health professionals increased through training  Increase in technical competence  Plant Health professionals trained MoAF Laboratories upgraded, modernized and select processes accredited Number of laboratories upgraded, modernized and processes accredited 5. Facilitate the development of systems to mitigate the introduction, spread and impact of alien pest species, which will be used in tandem with the national Comprehensive system for pest surveillance and monitoring developed  Increased surveillance and monitoring capabilities  Protocols developed for surveillance activities MoAF Early detection of pest incursions increased Increased early detection of pest incursions Emergency Preparedness and Plant Pest Response  Generic emergency action plan for exotic plant pests completed OBJECTIVE DESIRED OUTCOME HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR COMPLETION DATE LEAD ORGANIZATION Agricultural Disaster Risk Management System (ADRM) (EPPPR) Guidelines developed  Emergency action plan for priority quarantine plant pests completed The NEPPC activated NEPPC functional Develop a comprehensive Plant Health Information System (PHIS)  PHIS developed  Pest populations managed below economic levels  Impact of plant pest on trade minimized 6. Promote the use of GAPs and GMPs (post harvest component) The use of GAPs and GMPs is promoted  Increased use of ICM by farmers  Post-harvest practices improved  Reduction in the use of pesticide, especially class I and II pesticides  Shift towards the use of environmentally friendly pesticides  Increased use of non-chemical strategies MoAF; MOH Training in pesticide usage and management  An increase in the number of stakeholders trained  Judicious use of pesticides Training in GAPs and GMPs  Improved food security and safety and environmental wellbeing  Decreased cost of crop production  Increased compliance with international trade standard OBJECTIVE DESIRED OUTCOME HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR COMPLETION DATE LEAD ORGANIZATION  Traceability system implemented  Reduction in the use of class I and II pesticides National Pesticide residue monitoring programme for imported and locally produced crops Residue levels kept within established maximum residue limits (MRLs) Climate change adaptation strategies developed  Crop and pest forecasting systems developed and employed  Technologies developed and adapted to mitigate effects of climate change MoAF 7. To develop public education programmes on plant health issues and their impact on human and environmental health Increased public awareness  Reduction in human, plant, and environmental health risks MoAF 8. Facilitate plant health research and development activities Plant Health systems driven by relevant and accurate data Increased availability and application of scientific data and information MoAF 9. Monitoring and evaluation of plant Structured monitoring and evaluation systems for the  Policy implementation plan monitored  Plant Health Policy monitoring and Cabinet Office (CO) OBJECTIVE DESIRED OUTCOME HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR COMPLETION DATE LEAD ORGANIZATION health system implementation of the Plant Health Policy and PHS evaluation systems established.  Systems periodically reviewed and verified 33 6.4 Monitoring Implementation The monitoring of project implementation will be as agreed in this document. The format for reporting the status of key activities is outlined below. 6.4.1 Project Activities and Status OBJECTIVE #1: To establish a national coordinating mechanism for plant health services DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Establish the NPHB Select Board composition Board composition selected Responsible Ministers and Permanent Secretaries MoAF March 2014 0.0 Prepare terms of reference (TOR) for Board TOR prepared and approved by relevant stakeholders 0.1 PQ/PI designated as NPPO with support from RADA, PPU and Customs Amend the Plant Quarantine Act Plant Quarantine Act amended RADA, PQ/PI, PPU, Customs MoAF – Legal Department August 2014 1.0 Amendment of the Act approved by Parliament August 2015 PHCC institutionalized Prepare TOR TOR prepared and approved RADA, PQ/PI, PPU, NEPA, Academia, PCA, CARDI, JCPA, MoAF April 2014 0.1 Institutionalized and legislated PHCC established and functional MoAF – Legal Department August 2015 15.0 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M NFA/FD, Institute of Jamaica (IOJ), Commodity Boards Collaborative arrangements formalized with academia, commodity boards and NGOs Prepare TOR & MOUs TOR & MOUs prepared and approved Academia, Agricultural Institutions, Commodity Boards and NGOs PHCC September 2014 1.5 The National Emergency Plant Pest Committee (NEPPC) established Prepare TOR, MOU & Establish NEPPC TOR & MOU prepared. The National Emergency Plant Pest Committee established and functional. NEPA, ODPEM, Farmers’ Groups, Academia, Ministries of Justice, Transport, Commerce, Security, and Finance PHCC & MoAF March 2014 1.5 Coordination of Define the Governance Framework Manual RADA, PQ/PI, MoAF December 2014 10.0 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M plant health systems improved specific roles of respective Agencies with defined roles and responsibilities developed PPU, NEPA, UWI, CARDI, IOJ, JCPA, PCA, Customs, NFA/FD, Commodity Boards Established integrated and coordinated mechanism Agreed mechanism developed and implemented 36 OBJECTIVE #2: Improve the current plant health systems in accordance with international standards, obligations and best practices (e.g. IPPC, WTO-SPS Agreement etc.) DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M International standards adopted and existing standards harmonized Consultation with trading partners and stakeholders on existing standard Documentation on consultation held in order to inform stakeholders Trade partners, exporters, importers, farmers, and other stakeholders MoAF December 2018 12.5 Review existing legislation and amend where necessary Legislation reviewed and amended MoAF – Legal Department December 2018 1.0 WTO notification Standards are published by WTO on website etc. MoAF – PQ 0.0 Plant health system fully compliant with international standards and best practices Acquire technical assistance to conduct audit and gap analysis Audit and gap analysis reports prepared and approved by relevant stakeholders All stakeholders involved in plant health MoAF July 2014 1.0 Acquire technical assistance to prepare implementation plan Implementation plan prepared and approved by relevant stakeholders 1.0 Implementation of Recommendations from December 2018 1.0 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M plan implementation plan completed 38 OBJECTIVE #3: To promulgate modern plant health legislation, associated regulations and protocols DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Modern plant health legislation enacted and the existing legislation governing plant health revised Review existing legislation Legislation reviewed Relevant stakeholders MoAF – Legal Counsel, CPC, MOH December 2014 Review begun on some legislation 5.0 New legislation to empower the NEPPC, NPHB and PHCC enacted Promulgate legislation for the establishment of the NEPPC, NPHB and PHCC Legislation enacted MoAF – Legal Counsel, CPC, MOH, CO, PHCC August 2015 Legal framework established for the individual agencies to operate within the National Plant Health Policy Legislation enacted MoAF – Legal Counsel, MOH August 2015 39 OBJECTIVE #4: Strengthen technical and operational capacities of plant health entities DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Technical capacities of plant health professionals increased through training Conduct training needs assessment Training needs assessment report produced RADA, PPU, PQ/PI, UWI, NEPA, PCA, CARDI, JCPA, Customs, Commodity Boards RADA, PQ/PI, PPU, NEPA, UWI, CARDI, JCPA, PCA, Customs, Commodity Boards June 2014 1.5 Develop Training Plan Training Plan developed December 2014 Ongoing Conduct training Training conducted and number of staff trained December 2018 Recurrent budget of Individual Agency/M inistry Laboratories upgraded, modernized and formally accredited Procure technical assistance to evaluate and make recommendations for existing laboratory testing capacity Report produced and accepted PQ/PI, PPU, PEQ, Rural Physical Planning Department (RPPD), Academia, Commodity Boards, SRC MoAF/ACP August 2014 4.0 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Implement recommendations: Acquire and/or upgrade infrastructure and equipment Certification/ accreditation of priority methods and tests Physical infrastructure, equipment and supplies in place PPU, PQ/PI, PEQ, Commodity Boards MoAF/ ACP August 2014 100.0 Labs certified, and methods/tests accredited PPU, PEQ, Commodity Boards PPU, PEQ, Commodity Boards, JANAAC December 2017 5.0 41 OBJECTIVE #5: Facilitate the development of systems to mitigate the introduction, spread and impact of alien pest species, which will be used in tandem with the national Agricultural Disaster Risk Management System (ADRM) DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Comprehensive system for pest surveillance and monitoring developed Review existing surveillance and monitoring system Surveillance and monitoring system reviewed and report provided based on the established standards PQ/PI, PPU, RADA, PEQ, Commodity Boards, IOJ, Academia, RPPD, NEPA, JCPA, NFA/FD MoAF July 2014 TOR for the consultancy have been drafted 4.0 Establish the National Surveillance Committee (NSC) NSC established TOR for the NSC have been drafted 0.0 Develop surveillance protocols and manuals Surveillance protocols and manuals for priority quarantine plant pests developed and institutionalized NSC December 2018 12.0 Officers trained in surveillance Train field officers in survey methodologies Number of officers trained in survey methodologies All agencies responsible for surveillance MoAF December 2018 100.0 The NEPPC activated in response to pest incursion Activate the NEPPC The NEPPC is activated and simulation conducted ODPEM, NEPA, Farmers’ Groups, June 2014 2.0 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Emergency pest response funds budgeted Academia, Ministries of Justice, Commerce, Security, and Finance 100.0 Emergency Preparedness and Plant Pest Response (EPPPR) Guidelines completed Complete Guidelines for the EPPPR for Jamaica The EPPPR Guidelines for Jamaica is completed Emergency Action Plan developed PHCC December 2014 Document has been drafted 1.0 Develop Emergency Action Plan for priority pests Action Plan developed PHCC Develop a comprehensive Plant Health Information System (PHIS) Assess the current plant health information system (e.g. PHSPRS) Report prepared and recommendations implemented All stakeholders that have plant health information systems MoAF/ACP December 2015 TOR drafted 3.6 43 OBJECTIVE #6: Promote the use of GAPs and GMPs (post-harvest component) DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/ PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M The use of GAPs and GMPs is promoted Publish generic GAP and GMP manuals GAP and GMP manuals published Farmers, exporters, extension officers and researchers MoAF September 2012 (GAPs) February 2013 (GMPs) Generic GAP completed Review of GMP manual completed Activity will be implemented under the Ministry’s food safety programme 2.0 Publish crop specific GAP manuals Crop specific GAP manuals developed and published December 2015 15.0 Placement of manuals on the Ministry’s website (for viewing only) Manuals placed on Ministry’s website December 2018 0.0 Prepare and implement public education and Public Awareness programme prepared and December 2018 6.0 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/ PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M awareness programme for GAPs and GMPs manuals implemented Training in GAPs and GMPs Train stakeholders in applying GAPs and GMPs Technical staff and farmers trained in GAPs Relevant staff, exporters MoAF December 2015 Under the Ministry’s FSMA 10,000 farmers targeted for training for in 2013 20.0 Technical staff, farmers and all active exporters trained and assessed in GMP Relevant staff, farmers December 2018 20.0 Training in pesticide usage and management Train stakeholders in the use and management of pesticides Farmers and other stakeholders trained and assessed in pesticide usage and management Farmers and/or pesticide applicators, exporters, technical staff December 2018 Trainings initiated with exporters and technical staff (January- March 2012) 5.0 National Pesticide residue monitoring programme for imported and locally produced crops Review the current monitoring programme Monitoring programme reviewed Labs, Regulatory bodies MOH December 2014 Some monitoring is done by PCA and FSPID 0.2 Adopt relevant international standards (eg. Codex MRLs) Relevant international standards adopted MOH December 2014 0.0 Update current monitoring programme (inspection, sampling,  Functional and effective monitoring programme (supplies, protocols, Fresh market exporters, farmers MOH, MOAF, MIIC December 2018 25 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/ PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M etc) for pesticide residue levels procedures, staffing, etc)  Pesticide residue levels of targeted crops are monitored and data available To develop MOUs amongst relevant stakeholders MOUs developed and signed Labs, Regulatory bodies December 2014 0.3 Provide training for officers in pesticide residue monitoring Number of officers trained Labs, Regulatory bodies December 2018 5 Climate change adaptation strategies developed Develop and/or adopt and implement crop and pest forecasting systems for specific pests/crops  Crop and pest forecasting systems developed and implemented  Impacts of pest outbreaks triggered by climate related factors reduced Agricultural stakeholders MoAF, Ministry of Water, Land, Environment and Climate Change December 2018 CAMI project developing forecasting system for two crop pests (Black Sigatoka and Citrus Psyllid) 30 Develop and/or adopt technologies to mitigate the effects of climate change Technologies developed and/or adapted to mitigate the effects of climate change Department of Geology and Geography (UWI) are 50 DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/ PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M developing forecasting systems for crop production (e.g. sweet and irish potatoes) Document pest mitigation strategies Pest mitigation strategies documented Some adaptation strategies already exist 5 47 OBJECTIVE #7: To develop public education programmes on plant health issues and their impact on environmental and human health DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Increased public awareness Develop a public education and awareness strategy Increased public compliance General public including Farmers’ Groups/Assoc iations, Exporters, Importers, Custom brokers, and Shipping Association of Jamaica MoAF, MOH, MIIC, Ministry of Water, Land, Environment and Climate Change December 2018 ACP has some funds available to support this activity 12 Prepare and disseminate public education materials (e.g. brochures, fliers, videos) Conduct educational workshops, and stakeholders forums 48 OBJECTIVE #8: Facilitate research and development activities DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Plant Health systems driven by relevant and accurate data Review the status of the Centre of Excellence and determine the way forward Review completed and way forward determined PHCC MoAF May 2014 0.0 Establish research subcommittee Research subcommittee established Research stakeholders August 2014 0.1 Develop Research Agenda or Programme Research agenda developed and approved and is in keeping with local needs and international best practices December 2014 0.5 Conduct research and publish findings Research information is shared with the public Plant health stakeholders and general Public December 2018 100 Policy decisions guided by research Policymakers 0.0 49 OBJECTIVE #9: Monitoring and evaluation of plant health systems DESIRED OUTCOMES PLANNED ACTIVITIES HOW MEASURED/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET GROUP AGENCY RESPONSIBLE ORIGINAL COMPLETION DATE STATUS COST JA $M Structured monitoring and evaluation systems for the implementation of the Plant Health Policy Continuous assessment and review of systems Audits done and implementations recommended NPHB Audit teams (internal and external) December 2018 3 Develop and implement monitoring and evaluation systems Monitoring and evaluation systems developed and implemented based on GOJ/PMES Cabinet Office December 2018 Utilise Internationally approved evaluation tools e.g. PCE, PVS, CODEX etc. Recommendations made for improvements based on international benchmarking Training in strategic planning of implementation policy Persons trained in strategic planning PHCC MoAF February 2014 6.4.2 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 51 6.5 Overall Implementation Schedule 52 6.6 Annual Breakdown of Costs for Implementation Implementation of Plant Health Policy Budget 2012-2018 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 Year 16 Year 17 Year 18 Totals Activities $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ To establish a national coordinating mechanism for plant health activities 4,200,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 0 29,200,000 Improve the current plant health systems 0 5,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 15,500,000 To promulgate modern plant health legislation 0 5,000,000 0 0 0 0 0 5,000,000 Strengthen technical and operational capacities 0 55,500,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 110,500,000 Facilitate the development of sys.spread and impact of alien pest species 0 124,600,000 20,200,000 21,000,000 26,200,000 18,300,000 12,300,000 222,600,000 Promote the use of GAPs and GMPs (post-harvest component) 500,000 46,900,000 19,200,000 43,000,000 33,800,000 23,100,000 17,000,000 183,500,000 To develop public education programmes 0 2,000,000 3,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 12,000,000 Facilitate research and development 0 18,600,000 20,000,000 17,000,000 17,000,000 15,000,000 13,000,000 100,600,000 Monitoring and evaluation of plant health system 0 1,125,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 675,000 3,000,000 Subtotal 500,000 262,925,000 105,800,000 114,900,000 87,900,000 62,300,000 47,575,000 681,900,000 Contingencies 50,000 26,292,500 10,580,000 11,490,000 8,790,000 6,230,000 4,757,500 68,190,000 Grand Total 550,000 289,217,500 116,380,000 126,390,000 96,690,000 68,530,000 52,332,500 750,090,000 53 7.0 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Participants involved in developing the Project Plan Document Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Plant Quarantine/ Produce Inspection Division Shelia Harvey Fitzroy White Juliet Goldsmith Karen Barrett- Christie Sanniel Wilson KimmoiaWitter LaTanya Richards Alfred Barrett Planning Division Tasha Nembhard Research and Development Michelle Sherwood Peta-Gaye Chung (Dr.) Jeannette Williams Rural Agricultural Development Authority Francine Webb Marina Young Ministry of Health Michael Ramsay – Pesticide Control Authority Ministry of Water, Land, Environment and Climate Change Shakira Azan – National Environment and Planning Agency Coconut Industry Board Wayne Myrie (Dr.) Coffee Industry Board Glenroy Griffiths Gary Watson Cabinet Office Lorna Perkins Wayne Thompson Agricultural Competitiveness Programme Gail Nelson 55 8.0 GLOSSARY Alien pest species Introduced species (also called "non indigenous" or "non-native") that adversely affect the habitats and bioregions they invade economically, environmentally, and/or ecologically. Accreditation A process in which certification of competency, authority, or credibility is presented. Emergency action A prompt phytosanitary action undertaken in a new or unexpected phytosanitary situation [ICPM, 2001] Eradication Application of phytosanitary measures to eliminate a pest from an area [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; formerly eradicate] Establishment Perpetuation, for the foreseeable future, of a pest within an area after entry [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997; Exotic Not native to a particular country, ecosystem or ecoarea (applied to organisms [ISPM No. 3, 1996] Germplasm Plants intended for use in breeding or conservation programmes [FAO, 1990] Iinspection Person authorized by a National Plant Protection Organization to discharge its functions [FAO, 1990] International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures An international standard adopted by the Conference of FAO, the Interim Commission on phytosanitary measures or the Commission on phytosanitary measures, established under the IPPC [CEPM, 1996; revised CEPM, 1999] Introduction The entry of a pest resulting in its establishment [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; In vitro In vitro studies are those that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings in order to permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms Legislation Any act, law, regulation, guideline or other administrative order promulgated by a government [ISPM No. 3, 1996] National Plant Protection Organization Official service established by a government to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC [FAO, 1990 MRLs The maximum amount of residue legally permitted on food Organism Any biotic entity capable of reproduction or replication in its naturally occurring state [ISPM No. 3, 1996; revised ISPM No. 3, 2005] Pest Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997] Pest free area An area in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially maintained [FAO, 1995] Pest outbreak A sudden increase in a pest population resulting in economic damage to the crop Pest Risk Analysis The process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it should be regulated, and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it [FAO, 1995; revised IPPC, 1997; ISPM No. 2, 2007] Phytosanitary authority Any official responsible for implementing phytosanitary measures including the performance of inspections, tests, surveillance or treatments in connection with regulated pests Plant quarantine All activities designed to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests or to ensure their official control [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995] Surveillance An official process which collects and records data on pest occurrence or absence by survey, monitoring or other procedures [CEPM, 1996] Survey An official procedure conducted over a defined period of time to determine the characteristics of a pest population or to determine which species occur in an area [FAO, 1990; revised CEPM, 1996]