State Action Plan on Climate Change (Jammu & Kashmir)

1 Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Objective 3 1.3 Methodology 3 1.4 Structure of the Report 6

2 National Action Plan on Climate Change 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Domestic Actions 9 2.3 National Mission 9 2.4 Other Initiatives 13 2.5 National Mission and Objectives 14 2.6 Mapping National Mission in the State 16 2.7 Institutional Mechanism 18

3 Vulnerability Analysis 19 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Climate Sensitivity 20 3.3 Vulnerability of agriculture and allied activities due to climate sensitivity 26 3.4 Bio-Physical Factors 28 3.5 Soil Water Regime 30 3.6 Socio-economic factors contributing to the vulnerability 32

4 Sustainable Energy Mission 39 4.1 Introduction 39 4.2 Key Trends in the sector 41 4.3 Vulnerability of the sector 42 vii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 4.4 Key issues in the sector 44 4.5 Programme and Policies in the sector 45 4.6 Key Priorities 48 4.7 List of Key Priority Action 59

5 Enhanced Energy Efficiency 67 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Key trends in the sector 68 5.3 Key issues in the sector 73 5.4 Programmes and Policies in the sector 77 5.5 Key Priorities 82 5.6 List of Key Priority Action 91

6 Mission on Sustainable Habitat 97 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Key trends in the sector 97 6.3 Vulnerability of the sector 100 6.4 Key issues in the sector 101 6.5 Programme and Policies in the sector 103 6.6 Key Priorities 105 6.7 List of Key Priority Action 115

7 Green India Mission 117 7.1 Introduction 117 7.2 Key trends in the sector 122 7.3 Vulnerability of the sector 122 7.4 Key issues in the sector 125 7.5 Programme and Policies in the sector 127 7.6 Key Priority 128 7.7 List of Key Priority Action 133

8 Water Mission 135 8.1 Introduction 135 8.2 Key trends in the sector 136 8.3 Vulnerability of the sector 150 8.4 Key issues in the sector 152 8.5 Programme and Policies in the sector 154 8.6 Key Priorities 156 8.7 List of Key Priority Action 163 viii 9. Sustainable Agriculture Mission 167 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 9.1. Introduction 167 9.2. Key trends in the sector 168 9.3. Vulnerability of the sector 172 9.4. Key issues in the sector 176 9.5. Programme and Policies in the sector 179 9.6. Key Priorities 180 9.7. List of Key Priority Action 185 10. Disaster Management 187 10.1. Introduction 187 10.2. Key trends in the sector 188 10.3. Vulnerability of the sector 193 10.4. Key issues in the sector 194 10.5. Programme and Policies in the sector 198 10.6. Key Priority 199 10.7. List of Key Priority Actions 211 11. Tourism 215 11.1. Introduction 215 11.2. Key trends in the sector 215 11.3. Vulnerability of the Sector 219 11.4. Key issues in the sector 221 11.5. Policy and Program 223 11.6. Key priorities 223 11.7. List of Key Priority Actions 229 12. Health 231 12.1. Introduction 231 12.2. Key Trends in the sector 231 12.3. Vulnerability of the sector 234 12.4. Key issues in the sector 235 12.5. Programmes and Policies in the sector 237 12.6. Key Priorities 239 12.7. List of key priority actions 243 13. Sustainable Himalayan Mission 245 13.1. Introduction 245 13.2. Key trends in the sector 246 13.3. Vulnerability of the sector 252 13.4. Key issue in the sector 253 ix State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 13.5. Programme and Policies in the sector 255 13.6. Key Priorities 256 13.7. List of Key Priority Actions 261 14. Strategic Knowledge Mission 263 14.1. Introduction 263 14.2. Key Issues 265 14.3. Key Priority 267 14.4. List of Key Priority Action 271 15. Cross-Cutting issues to tackle Climate Change in the State 273 15.1. Common Cross-cutting needs and capabilities 275 16. Conclusion 277 16.1. Key Outcome 277 16.2. Financial Budget 277 16.3. Governance 278 16.4. Institutional Arrangement 278 16.5. Change in policies and practices 279 16.6. Low Carbon Inclusive Growth 279 16.7. Building Climate Resilience 279 16.8. Staffing and engagement with stakeholders 279 16.9. Capacity Development 280 16.10. Monitoring and Evaluation 280 16.11. Key Conclusion 281 17. Annex I: Mission wise Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under SAPCC 283 17.1. Sustainable Energy Mission 283 17.2. Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency 290 17.3. Mission on Sustainable Habitat 292 17.4. Green India Mission 294 17.5. Water Mission 296 17.6. Sustainable agriculture mission 299 17.7. Disaster Management 303 17.8. Tourism 306 17.9. Health Mission 308 17.10. Sustainable Himalayan Mission 311 17.11. Strategic Knowledge mission 312 x State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Table 1: National Mission on Climate Change its goal and link with development goal 11 Table 2: Relating State Mission under Climate Change and National Mission 16 Table 3: Temperature variation at Srinagar (ºC) 23 Table 4: Major glaciers in the Indus basin of India 25 Table 5: Characteristic of glacial coverage in the state is given below. 25 Table 6: Recent retreat pattern of selected glaciers in Jammu and Kashmir 25 Table 7: Estimates of Poverty of J&K 33 Table 8: population distribution of Jammu & Kashmir 40 Table 9: Electricity Demand in the state 41 Table 10: Possible Climate Change Impacts on the Energy Sector 43 Table 11: List of Mini Hydro Project Considered Under Implementation 47 Table 12: List Of Wind Power Project Under Implementation 48 Table 13: List of Key Priority Action Proposed under Sustainable Energy Mission 59 Table 14: Capacity wise installed hydro power project State Sector 68 Table 15: Capacity wise installed hydro power project Central Sector 68 Table 16: Capacity wise installed hydro power project Independent Power Producers 69 Table 17: List of Key Hydro Power Project and their capacity 70 Table 18: Category wise Electrical Energy Consumption 71 Table 19: Peak and Power Availability Scenario in the State 72 Table 20: Energy Demand and Availability 72 Table 21: T&D and AT&C Losses (from 2006-07 to 2011-12) 74 Table 22: Sector wise Energy Conservation Potential in Jammu & Kashmir (2007-2008) 76 Table 23: Sector Specific Electricity consumption &GHG emission from electricity consumption 76 Table 24: List of Hydro Power project (with capacity) under renovation and modernization 85 Table 25: List of Key Priority Action Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency 91 Table 26: Urban Population 98 Table 27: Types of vehicles registered in the State 100 Table 28: Adaptation Pathways with respect to climate change in State 102 Table 29: List of Key Priority Action Mission on Sustainable Habitat 115 Table 30: Assessment of variation in forest cover (Area in km2) 119 Table 31: Forest Cover Change Matrix (Area in km2) 119 xi State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Table 32: List of Key Priority Action Green India Mission 133 Table 33: District wise number of lake and water bodies 139 Table 34: Availability of Water from precipitation across the administrative divisions of Jammu 140 Table 35: Availability of Water from precipitation across the administrative divisions of Kashmir 141 Table 36: Major glaciers in the Indus basin of India 142 Table 37: The characteristic of glacial coverage in State 142 Table 38: Basin-wise Replenishable Groundwater Resources (in bcm) 143 Table 39: Basin-wise Replenishable Groundwater Resources (in bcm) 144 Table 40: Total area of irrigated land from different sources 145 Table 41: River basin wise irrigated crop area permitted under Indus Water Treaty 149 Table 42: Recent retreat pattern of selected glaciers in Jammu and Kashmir 151 Table 43: Maximum area irrigated 155 Table 44: Aggregate Storage Capacity 155 Table 45: Key Priority Actions State Water Mission 163 Table 46: Crop-wise/ Division-wise details of Area Irrigated 169 Table 47: horticulture productions of Kashmir division in 2012-13 are as follows 170 Table 48: Possible impact of climate change on agriculture and allied sector 173 Table 49: List of key priority action sustainable agriculture mission 185 Table 50: Natural and Anthropogenic disaster type 190 Table 51: Major earthquakes experienced by the State with Mb=5 and above 190 Table 52: Vulnerability against the Hazards 194 Table 53: List of key priority Disaster Management Mission 211 Table 54: Arrival of tourists (both domestic and international) across the three regions of the states Tourists’ arrival from 2003 to ending 30th December 2012 (in Lakh) 216 Table 55: Weather stress and related vulnerability of the tourism sector 219 Table 56: Carrying Capacity study for tourist location in Kashmir 222 Table 57: Proposed location for construction of bio-toilet 224 Table 58: List of key priority Action 229 Table 59: Health profile of the state 232 Table 60: Health infrastructure in the state 233 Table 61: Impact of climate change on human health 236 Table 62: List of key priority action health mission 243 xii Table 63: Major glaciers in the Indus basin 248 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Table 64: Recent retreat pattern of selected glaciers in Jammu and Kashmir 249 Table 65: Wetland Reserves in the State 251 Table 66: List of Key priority action Sustainable Himalayan Mission 261 Table 67: List of Key priority action Strategic Knowledge mission 271 Table 68: Cross cutting relevance of some contemplated actions 274 Table 69: Strategies for addressing cross sectoral issues 275 Table 70: Budget proposed under SAPCC 278 Table 71: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Sustainable Energy Mission 283 Table 72: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency 290 Table 73: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Mission on Sustainable Habitat 292 Table 74: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Green India Mission 294 Table 75: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Water Mission 296 Table 76: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Water Mission 299 Table 77: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Disaster Management 303 Table 78: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under tourism 306 Table 79: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Health Mission 308 Table 80: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Sustainable Himalayan Mission 311 Table 81: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Strategic Knowledge mission 312 Figure 1: Sectors of J&K mapped to National Mission 4 Figure 2: The process of formulation of SAPCC in J&K 6 Figure 3: Eight fold mission under NAPCC 10 Figure 4: Vulnerability Profiling 20 Figure 5: Vulnerability map of Indian Subcontinent 20 Figure 6: Agricultural Vulnerability based on NDVI variability 27 Figure 7: All forested grids in India 29 Figure 8: All forested grids in India (2071-2100) 29 Figure 9: Location of Hydro Power Project 67 Figure 10: Source wise hydro power potential and sector wise hydro power resource harnessed 69 Figure 11: Gross Per capita Electricity (kWh) consumption in J & K 73 Figure 12: Sector specific GHG emission from electricity consumption 77 Figure 13: Projects under execution/planned for execution in 12th Plan 81 Figure 14: District Map of J&K 98 Figure 15: Forest cover in the state 118 xiii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Figure 16: Different Forest Types in States 120 Figure 17: Forest Grids in India 124 Figure 18: Indus River and its tributaries with in Jammu and Kashmir 137 Figure 19: Indus Basin 146 Figure 20: Predicted change in rainfall (mm) by 2085, (Source: Current Science) 150 Figure 21: Earthquake Hazard map of Jammu and Kashmir shows that entire State is categorized as Zone IV and V 191 Figure 22Landslide hazard zonation map of North western Himalaya showing Jammu and Kashmir 192 Figure 23: Wind hazard map of Jammu and Kashmir shows that State is categorized as very high to moderate damage risk zone 193 Figure 24: Tourists’ arrival to Ladakh from 2003 to ending 30th Dec 2012 216 Figure 25: Tourists’ arrival to Kashmir valley from 2003 to ending 30th Dec 2012 217 Figure 26: Air Connectivity 217 Figure 27: Road Connectivity 218 Figure 28: Samudra Tapu Glacier, Chandra Sub Basin, Western Himalayas [ISRO 2011] 146 Figure 29: Glacial area under different mountain range 248 Figure 30: Glacial retreat 250 xiv State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Abbreviations and Acronyms AC Alternating Current AT&C Aggregate Technical and Commercial BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency BOOT Build Own Operate and Transfer BPL Below Poverty Line C:N Carbon: Nitrogen CCAP Climate Change Action Plan CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEA Central Electricity Authority CFA Central Financial Assistance CFL Compact fluorescent lamp CGWB Central Ground Water Board CIC Community Information Centre CM Chief Minister CO Carbon - di- oxide 2 CPP Captive Power Plant CSDRM Climate Smart Disaster Risk Management CWC Central Water Commission DC Direct Current DPR Detailed Project Report DRDA District Rural Development Agency DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation xv DRM Disaster Risk Management State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSM Demand Side Management ECBC Energy Conservation Building Code EEFP Energy Efficiency Financing platform EFA External Funding Agency EMP Environment Management Plan ESCerts Energy Savings Certificates ESCO Energy Service Company ET Evapotranspiration FEEED Framework for energy efficient economic development FSI Forest Survey of India FY Financial Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Green House Gas GIS Geographic Information System GLOF Glacial Lake Outburst Floods GoI Government of India GSDP Gross State Domestic Products H1N1 Swine influenza A H1N1 virus H7N9 Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus HCN Hydrogen cyanide HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVDS High Voltage Distribution System IBIS Integrated biosphere simulator : Vegetation Model ICDS Integrated Child Development Services ICIMOD The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development IGEA Investment Grade Energy Audit IMD Indian Meteorological Department INCCA Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment INM Integrated nutrient management IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPP Independent Power Producer IREDA Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency xvi J & K EC act J & K Energy Conservation Act State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR J&K Jammu and Kashmir JAKEDA Jammu and Kashmir Energy Development Agency JKSERC J&K State Electricity Regulatory Commission JKSPDC Jammu and Kashmir State Power Development Corporation JNNSM Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission KREDA Kargil Renewable Energy Development Authority lAY Indira AwaasYojana LED Light-emitting diode LoC Line of Control LREDA Ladakh Renewable Energy Development Agency MDF Moderately Dense Forest MDG MillenniumDevelopment Goal MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MOU Memorandum of Understanding MOWR Ministry of Water Resources MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise MSW Municipal Solid Waste MTEE Market transformation for energy efficiency NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NATCOM National Communication NBMMP National Biogas & Manure Management Programme NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NEWNE North East West North-East Grid NF No Forest NGO Non-governmental organizations NIC National Informatics Centre NIH National Institute of Hydrology NMEEE National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency NSDP Net State Domestic Product O&M Operation and Maintenance OF Open Forest xvii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR PAT Perform Achieve and Trade PDD J&K /JKPDD Power Development Department J&K PFC Power Finance Corporation PHC Public Health Centre PHE Public Health Engineering PoA Programme of Activities PRECIS Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies PV Photovoltaic PWD Public Works Department R-APDRP Restructured- Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme REC Rural Electrification Corporation REDD Reduce Emission from Deforestation and Degradation RESCO Renewable Energy Service Company RKVY RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana RMU Renovation and Modernization RS Remote Sensing SADP Special Area Demonstration Programme SAPCC State Action Plan on Climate Change SDMA State Disaster Management Authorities SHLS Solar Homelighting System SKUAST Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology SME Small and medium enterprises SOC Soil Organic Carbon SOER/SOE Report State of Environment Report SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios - IPCC STP Sewage Treatment Plant SWH Solar Water Heater T&D Transmission and Distribution TOE Tons of Oil Equivalent UDD Urban Development Department J&K UNEP United Nation Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change xviii VDF Very Dense forest State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR WGI Working Group I of IPCC WHO World Health Organisation Units

0C Degree Centigrade - unit of temperature KVA Kilo - volt - ampere - unit of electrical power bcm Billion cubic meters GW Giga watt ha Hectare J Joule kg Kilogram km Kilometer km2 Square Kilometer kW Kilo - watt - unit of electrical energy LPD Litre Per Day m Meter Mha Million Hectare mm Millimeter MT Metric Tons MU Million Unit of Electrical Energy (1 unit = 1 kilo watt hour ) MW Mega Watt MWh Megawatt hour Wp Watt peak xix State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR xx State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Executive Summary Introduction will manifest through alteration in frequency, intensity, spatial extent, or duration of Climate projections suggest that impacts weather and climate extremes, including are likely to be varied and heterogeneous climate and hydro-meteorological events. in India.Some regions will experience more This is likely to pose greater risks to human intense rainfall and flood risks, while others life and endanger the sustainability of the will encounter sparser rainfall and droughts economy of several states in India. Indeed the including spatial shift in the pattern of likely projection of the hydrometerological rainfall. The Fifth Assessment Report has and geophysical hazards has the potential further emphasized the loss of ice from to derail the current growth strategy and glacial range and projected that the current deepen poverty amongst the vulnerable. The glacial extents are out of balance with impacts of extreme climate-induced events current climatic condition indicating that (such as cloud burst, enhanced glacial flow, glaciers will continue to shrink in the future untimely dry and wet days) could result in loss even without further temperature increase. of life, livelihoods, assets and infrastructure This has a significant impact not only on the and affect the state’s economic growth and Himalyan ecosystem of state of Jammu and pro poor initiatives. Given its profile, climate Kashmir but also several other regions in change is an important concern for the India and some regions in Pakistan Occupied state as it is presently on a carbon-oriented Kashmir and beyond. development path and at the same time, it is vulnerable to climate variations owing to the A global scientific consensus with regard fragile ecosystem. It is therefore in the context to the unequivocal nature of the climate above, a comprehensive climate change change and its association with increasing action plan with institutional structure for concentration of greenhouse gas emissions its implementation has been conceptualized is widely established. Regional climate by the state of J&K that would address both projection indicates that climate variability xxi adaptation and mitigation concerns with an State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR objective of increasing resilience and climate 6. Tourism proofing of the sectors keeping in mind the 7. Sustainable Himalayan Ecosystem conditions of the local vulnerabilities. 8. Health Process of formulating the CCAP 9. Disaster Management Immediately after the meeting of Chief 10. Strategic Knowledge mission Secretaries in February 2010 where the issue 11. Green India Mission of developing the State Specific Climate Change Action Plan was urged by Hon’ble Both top down and bottom up approach Prime Minister, the State Government of was followed in developing the SAPCC. J&K institutionalized the J&K State Council Consultations were carried out with on Climate Change on 25th of April 2011. members of working groups as well as The State Council on Climate Change is a with the administrative departments. three-tier structure comprising of Governing Administrative heads were consulted Council headed by Hon’ble Chief Minister, recognizing the need for involvement of the Executive Council headed by the Chief senior bureaucracy within the government Secretary and Expert Committee headed towards assessing climate change issues and by the Director, Environment & Remote mapping the solutions. Tools and templates Sensing. While framing the council and the were formulated for listing climate change working group, the membership was drawn specific issues, prioritizing the activities as both from the linede partments and also “high”, “medium” and “low” and developing from the different associated departments/ an outline of the sub-activities to be taken up organizations. A nodal officer was appointed under the high priority activities, estimating to co-ordinate the meetings, to collect/collate the budget and sources of funding as well the required information and to develop the as formulation of the monitoring and plans pertaining to each of the sectors. verification protocol. GIZ provided support for this action planning facilitation and Following are the sectors identified as part engaged CTRAN to coordinate and manage of the Climate Change Action Plan. the process on behalf of the Government of 1. Energy - Solar Mission and Renewable J&K. Energy Vulnerability 2. Enhanced Energy Efficiency In the context of India, especially Jammu and 3. Water Kashmir, which nestles in fragile Himalayan Ecosystem; there are natural fluctuations in 4. Sustainable Habitat climate, human induced changes due to large 5. Sustainable Agriculture scale urbanization that drives the warming xxii trend. The biodiversity loss and water stress State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR owing to the climate change are the greatest grids are likely to undergo shifts in vegetation challenge for the state over the coming type under A2 and B2 climate scenarios decades. Climate change poses a serious respectively with a trend towards increased threat to the species diversity, habitats, occurrence of the wetter forest types. forests, wildlife, fisheries and the water Approximately 47% and 42% of tropical dry resources in the region. Many wetlands in deciduous grids are projected to undergo J&K that support 20% of the known range shifts under A2 and B2 scenarios respectively, of biodiversity in the region are adversely as opposed to less than 16% grids comprising affected. The climatic changes resulting in of tropical wet evergreen forests. Similarly, changing weather movements are relatively the tropical thorny scrub forest is projected unpredictable, but could be important in the to undergo shifts in majority of forested context of the incidence of different diseases grids under A2 (more than 80%) as well as like avian influenza. As per UNEP report B2 scenarios (50% of grids). The increase in some parts of the state are moderate to temperature may lead to increasing morbidity high vulnerability. As per INCCA assessment due to heat stress. Flash floods due to Glacial the number of rainy days in the Himalayan Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) may lead to region in 2030s may increase by 5-10 days on large scale landslides and affect food security an average, with an increase by more than and hence nutritional health. 15 days in the eastern part of the Jammu and Kashmir region. The intensity of rain fall is Sustainable Energy Mission likely to increase by 1-2 mm/ day. This is likely The action plan proposed under to impact some of the horticultural crops; sustainableenergy mission is strategized though rangelands and livestock are likely to in line with the National Action Plan on benefit. The rate of recession of glaciers is Climate Change with objectives of meeting reportedly varying which is being attributed the country’s development goals while to winter precipitation climate warming simultaneously yielding co-benefits and anthropogenic elements. Temperature, to address climate change effects. The precipitation and cold wave are most likely state is currently focused on generation to significantly impact the agricultures though big hydro power projects. Potential sector and enhance its vulnerability. Deficit of micro hydel power and Solar are in food production is growing in recent times increasingly being tapped. The challenges in Jammu & Kashmir. With the reduction in in the sector are quite a few. Grid rainfall, the rain-fed agriculture will suffer electricity penetration in remote hilly areas the most. Horticultural crops like apple are of J&K is techno-economically unviable by also showing decline in production and a virtue of geographical disadvantages and real coverage particularly due to decline in scattered household pattern. Moreover, the snowfall. Study by Indian Institute of Science power sector of the state is already facing using dynamic vegetation model has revealed difficulties like slow rate of capacity addition, that about 39% and 34% of the forested xxiii poor evacuation facility, high AT&C losses State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR and mismatch in load profile and power which has a detrimental effect on the growth utilization mix is not commensurate with potential of the state. To meet its power the state climatic conditions. Promotion demand of 17,323.00 million units during and utilization of renewable energy is the 2011-12, the state has procured 66.76% most feasible solution which would also of its total power supplied (i.e. 11,091.26 promote low carbon growth and can meet million units) from the NEWNE grid which the decentralized energy requirement of is highly fossil fuel dominated. Promotion of the remote locations.The power available in renewable energy in this context will help in 2011-12 from all sources was able to satisfy bridging up of the demand supply gap but only 64% of total power demand of the state. will also promote low carbon development Due to the shortfall of 6,231.74 million units and meeting up of the electrical and thermal during 2011-12, the state faced problems of energy requirement without contributing frequent power cuts for 8- 10 hours a day to the greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere. The key priorities proposed Key Priorities: Sustainable Energy Mission 1. Promotion and implementation of solar city project 2. Promotion and facilitation of Off-grid and decentralized renewable energy generation for electrification, cooking and other thermal energy requirement 3. State Govt. by amendment of building bye-laws suitable to state condition would promote and mandate use of solar water heating and/or lighting systems 4. Institutional development and strengthening of JAKEDA, LREDA and KREDA for promotion of Renewable Energy technology applications. 5. Harnessing renewable energy potential of the state for power generation 6. Strengthening of technical competency of various stakeholders of renewable energy which includes O&M persons, technicians, installers, manufacturers and other relevant service providers as per international standard 7. Enhancing state’s own power generation capacity through hydro power plant set up and provides support to private/public investors in projects implementation and undertakes micro/mini hydro projects for remote area to meet up local demand 8. Promotion of grid connected Rooftop and Small Solar Power projects in the state of J&K 9. Promotion of Green buildings in the state xxiv State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR under the missions are as follows: municipalities around 20%. The key priorities proposed under the missions are as follows: Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency Key Priorities: Mission on Enhanced The power generation in the state is mainly Energy Efficiency governed by hydro power with a little share of 1. Establishment and incorporation of fossil fuel based grid interactive power plant. Bureau of Energy Efficiency, J & K EC Total estimated potential for hydro power act 2011 generation in the state is 20,000 MW out of 2. Promoting Energy Efficiency in Small which 16,480 MW (excluding 251 Projects and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) up-to 25 MW generation potential identified 3. Promoting Energy Conservation totaling to 986 MW Capacity) has been Building Code (ECBC) identified as the actual generation potential. 4. Renovation and Modernization of Out of the identified potential only 2457.96 Hydro-power Projects 5. Development of comprehensive MW or 15% has been harnessed so far. The scheme for promotion of energy power sector of the state is subjected to high efficient pumps in agriculture sector AT&C losses of the order of 61%. Technical 6. Reducing Transmission and Distribution losses pertain to outdated and old electrical (T & D) Losses device in the network. To minimize such 7. Promoting Demand Side Management losses, the system needs up-gradation and (DSM) and energy efficiency improvements. Commercial losses include 8. Decentralized power generation power theft, unaccounted and uncontrolled 9. Harnessing the biomass potential 10. Development of policy for mandatory consumption beyond agreement load, use of efficient light particularly for unregistered consumers, lesser contract commercial organizations in the state demand, etc. 11. Expansion Conversion of conventional Domestic consumers as a whole are the street lights to solar LED/CFL street lights major electricity consuming segment in 12. Maximizing solar power usage and the state with cumulative consumption in Encouraging use of Solar Gadgets tune of 34% followed by industrial 20.21%, (especially in Industries) government institution 17.6%, Public 13. State energy audit policy and water works 14.50%, commercial 8.6%, Implementation of pilot Energy agriculture 4.9% and public lighting in tune efficiency project and IGEA of 0.7% respectively. A substantial potential 14. Promoting Energy Efficiency Practices of energy saving are there across all the in the State 15. Awareness and implementation for energy consuming segments. The energy use of CFL and replacing incandescent saving potential across agricultural sector lamp under Bachat Lamp Yojna, and is highest in tune of 25-35%, followed by Umbrella program of BEE domestic sector 15-20%, building sector in 16. Standards And Labelling Programme xxv tune of 20-30%, industrial sector 7-10% and State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Mission on Sustainable its unplanned decomposition results into Habitat release of methane to the atmosphere. Sanitation possesses major stress in the Urban areas faces significant impacts of urban areas as absence of adequate climate change. It impacts human health, sewerage treatment facilities in urban areas livelihood and productive assets, especially results in release of effluent from domestic for the urban poor, informal settlements and hospitality industry into nearby rivers, and other vulnerable groups. Climate lakes and streams leading to contamination of change impacts range from increase in water sources. Indiscriminate developmental extreme weather events, flooding to high activities also add to the problem by jamming temperatures leading to public health drains and encroaching on rainwater flow concerns, resource congestions, etc. As paths.The urban transport sector has been the urban regions of the state are dynamic largely neglected in the State, characterized systems that face unique climate impacts, by heavy traffic congestion due to narrow their adaptation must be location specific roads, rapid growth in number of vehicles and tailored to local circumstances. along with highly topographic and concentric The importance of infrastructure and development. Public transport is limited improvement of living standards of due to inadequate road network, poor population is crucial to sustain economic infrastructure and scattered demand. development. A detailed analysis of the The state government is thus planning to development process over last four decades mainstream climate change adaptation in shows that one of the major reasons for urban infrastructure development. Creating slow economic and social development this new possibility of adaptive resilience is the unplanned population growth. The would support a new future for cities in the capital cities and other district towns of face of climate change. The key priorities the state are challenged with problems of proposed under the missions are as follows: rapid urbanization, expansion of informal settlements, substantial poverty, inadequate Key Priorities: Sustainable Habitat infrastructure and environmental 1. Promotion of battery operated degradation. These and other concerns (charged from solar power) transport plague cities’ ability to grow and prosper. systems in tourist places, battery Many of these conditions also limit resilience driven motor boats instead of diesel to address current climate variability. engine boats (battery charged from Solid waste management is the most solar module mounted on the boat) emerging and pressing issues in the urban and use of alternative fuel instead areas of the state. Agglomeration of solid and of diesel to drive Barges and other liquid waste not only creates health impact, diesel driven equipment used for xxvi water contamination and pollution but also maintenance purpose in the lake State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 2. Capacity building of all of Green India Mission stakeholders to make them understand their role and maintain According to the interpretation of satellite proper environment management data of October-December 2008, the forest system cover of Jammu and Kashmir is spread over 22,539 km2 (including area outside the 3. GHG accounting study on emission LoC) accounting for 10.14% of the State’s by transport vehicles geographical area. The State of Jammu and 4. Establishment of intelligent Kashmir has rich diverse forest resources and transport system plays an important role to preserve the fragile 5. Policy framework in transport ecosystem of the state and it also serves as sector catchments for Himalayan Rivers. In Jammu and Kashmir, the perennial water supply 6. Promotion of public transport and including groundwater recharge, and health mass transport & Promotion of of soils, is primarily depending upon the area water transport and quality of forest cover. A healthy forest 7. Establishment of Rail based cover is essential for long term operation of transport system hydroelectric projects. In the State forest also 8. Reallocation of the hotels or provide some environmental services like application of STP near Dal lake & carbon sequestration, pollution abatement, DPR preparation on STP amelioration of climate, in-situ conservation of biodiversity and maintenance of ecological 9. Establishment of end-to-end solid balance. Since there is unique aesthetic waste management system value of forest landscape and huge potential 10. Base line study on solid waste and for tourism in the State, the forests plays a industrial waste generation and pivotal role to make the State an ideal tourist DPR preparation & four pilot project destination. Forests and climate change implementation are inherently linked. When kept healthy, 11. Capacity Building/ Awareness forests play a key role in our national climate Generation Program on segregation change strategy. Over geologic time, changes of solid waste at household level in disturbance regimes are a natural part 12. Establishment of segregation of all ecosystems. However, loss of forest’s mechanism of bio-medical waste in ability to mitigate the effects of climate urban hospitals and in rural PHCs change will mean losing many important ecosystem good and services. Unplanned 13. Application of methane capture development, climate change, invasive technology and preparation of species, unsustainable forestry practices, fertilizer from weeds in Dal lake diseases and insects, all of these factors and more, endanger the forests. Number of xxvii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR pressures is responsible for deforestation and higher levels of fragmentation contribute degradation in Jammu and Kashmir. Due to to the vulnerability of these forests. The high dependency on forest for timber and fuel current biotic and abiotic stresses are likely wood deforestation is an ongoing process. to exacerbate the projected impact of On the other hand the livestock population climate change that indicates towards shift in the state is 9.90 million resulting in of vegetation of the forest grid including huge demand for fodder. In addition most tropical dry deciduous grids, tropical wet of these livestocks graze in forests. Grazing evergreen forests and tropical thorny scrub and trampling of saplings by livestock is the forest. The key priorities proposed under biggest threat to regeneration of vegetation the missions to reduce the impact of climate in all forested areas of the state. Low tree change are as follows: density, low bio-diversity status as well as Key Priorities: Green India Mission 1. Implementation of J&K State Forest Policy 2. Capacity building and awareness for all levels of stakeholders 3. Gene bank development for climate adaptable species 4. Eco-restoration through afforestation 5. Study on identification of tree phenology 6. Flora and Fauna vulnerability study 7. Carbon sequestration study for Jammu and Kashmir forest 8. Study on per capita fuel wood consumption and alternative livelihood 9. Study on soil organic carbon of forest area 10. Climate impact study in undisturbed/ protected forest areas. 11. E-green portal with geo-reference 12. Nursery development for climate adaptable species 13. REDD+ feasibility study for carbon sequestration. 14. Study of climate change impact on wild life species 15. Climate change impacts on undisturbed forest area like national parks xxviii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Water Mission be adversely affected with the potential of impact on multiple sectors e.g. agriculture, Climate change is projected to influence the domestic water supply and health. The key hydrological cycle of water bodies, water priorities proposed under the missions to supply systems and exacerbate requirement undermine the impact of climate change of water in different regions. The disturbance and also to enhance the sustainability of the of the hydrological cycle as projected due to sectors are as follows: the variability in the climatic conditions are Key Priorities: Water Mission likely to enhance the current stress on water 1. Generate baseline data with terrain resources from surging population, growing analysis (contour/slope/ gradient/ economic development and land use change aspect, etc.), with comprehensive including urbanization. Increase in ambient land classification with catchment temperature and changes in rainfall pattern demarcation, river networks, lakes and water bodies, forest coverage, etc might influence the hydrological cycle to a large extent. Other consequences like 2. Promoting and implementing water use Efficiency measures increase in rates of evapotranspiration 3. Develop hydrological models for decrease in fresh water availability, mass different seasons and calibration with losses from glaciers and reductions in snow the existing data cover might severely impact the hydrological 4. Comprehensive water budgeting in lieu cycle. Change in the hydrological cycle may of the current and future demand from affect the spatial and temporal distribution domestic supply, irrigation, industry, of runoff, soil moisture, ground-water tourism and for other sectors reserves and may increase the frequency 5. Monitoring river flows and mapping of of droughts and floods. Event of increased flood and drought zones frequency of rainfall and variation in rainfall 6. Formulate comprehensive pattern including extreme events like flood rejuvenation plan for Dal Lake, Mansar Lake, Manasbal Lake, Pangong Lake poses challenge to the society, physical and all other major lakes infrastructure and quality. 7. Assessment and Implementation of Economy of the State relies heavily on rain water harvesting and artificial recharging of ground water water intensive sectors like agriculture, horticulture, energy generation, tourism, etc. 8. Emphasize the awareness and capacity building for conservation, concern and Since most of the water-bodies in the state co-management of water are supplied by melt-water from mountain 9. Dealing with flood in the changing range therefore loss of glacier might reduce climate scenarios. the water availability impacting hydro power 10. Reducing impact of increased erosion potential and lower availability of water for and sedimentation irrigation impacting the agrarian economy in 11. Creation of storage facilities on the state. Regions in the state that are already distributaries of river Chenab and xxix subjected to water stress are projected to Jhelum as per Indus Water Treaty State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sustainable Agriculture Key Priorities: Sustainable Mission Agriculture Mission Agriculture and its allied sector is the 1. Planning of cropping system and crop mainstay of state economy providing varieties through Crop diversification, livelihood opportunity to 70% of the state’s drought tolerant crops and water population and contributing to around 27% saving crops: to the state’s income. Horticulture plays a 2. Capacity building of farmers and significant role in State’s economy as the extension workers and dissemination sector contributes 7% to GSDP and provides of new and appropriate technology: greater opportunities for development of agro-industries in the state. Weather 3. Integrated nutrient management variability or climate extremes resulting (INM) in 50000 ha area: from climate change could have direct and 4. Zero Tillage System indirect effects on the crops, soils, livestock 5. Trash mulching in agriculture and and pests. While the magnitude of impact horticulture might vary over the region but it is expected 6. Combating climate related risk through that variability of the climatic conditions will Micro Irrigation programme impact agricultural productivity and shifting crop pattern. The vulnerability of the State 7. Management of climate change risk agriculture sector to climatic variability would for sustainable productivity be accentuated at multiple levels including 8. Weather based Crop insurance the crops or livestock’s, farm or cropping 9. Enhancing capacity for livestock system and the food system. The implication disease management and forecasting, of climatic variability or extremes over monitoring and management agricultural sector could be for reaching and 10. Conservation of water bodies and fish it could affect food security, livelihoods trade stock augmentation in natural water policies, water conservation issues impacting bodies and promotion of fish farming large portion of population. In the absence of appropriate adaptation and mitigation 11. Resource mapping (Agriculture) by measures there will be food shortages and using GIS and RS technology and consequent inflation which could endanger strengthening of agro advisory services the food and livelihood security of the by using Android Technology State. The key priorities proposed under 12. Screening of crops for moisture/heat/ the missions to undermine the impact of disease/pest tolerance and nutrient climate change both through adaptation and use efficiency mitigation measures and also to enhance the 13. Crop yield and weather modeling for sustainability of the sectors are as follows: future projections xxx State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 14. Carbon pool assessment / landslides, avalanches, high velocity winds, sequestration in forest and agricultural snow storms, besides manmade disasters ecosystems including road accidents and fires, etc. Such 15. Institutionalizing the role of research incident frequently occurs thereby disturbing universities in developing sustainable the ecological balance and in most of the agricultural practice and facilitate pilot case directly results to disastrous events. The implementation key priorities proposed under the missions to undermine the impact of climate extremes 16. Promoting Sustainable Floriculture are as follows: practice Key Priorities: Disaster 17. Promoting sustainable horticulture Management practice 1. Hazard risk mapping using GIS and Remote sensing 2. Risk reduction through implementable planning and policy 3. Strengthening Communication Networks and Disaster Management Disaster Management Facilities Adverse impacts of climate change on 4. Hazard specific multi-parameter society often increases disaster risk, disasters vulnerability assessment and social themselves erode environmental and social impact assessment at the regional and resilience, and thus increase vulnerability to local levels for preparing contingency climate change. Moreover climate variability plan is projected to result in more frequent 5. Developing and promoting concept and intensive disasters – with most severe of Climate Smart Disaster Risk consequences on the infrastructure, food Management (CSDRM) security and livelihoods of natural resource 6. Preparation of disaster rescue and dependent vulnerable communities. rehabilitation plan. Since both disaster risk (including climate 7. Awareness/ Sensitization/ Capacity associated disaster risk) and climate related Building in form of : vulnerabilities are likely to undermine the economic sustainability and development 8. Community based disaster it is therefore planned that disaster risk management in the Disaster management strategies and climate change Management Plan at all levels adaptation planning be integrated in the 9. Disaster response training at the state.J&K is a multi-hazard prone region with community level to build infrastructure natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and human resources for medical xxxi State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR preparedness and emergency medical resources and infrastructure. The pressing response to manage mass casualties issues are: during extreme events 1. Increased Pollution load, enhanced 10. Institutional development and health/safety concern operationalization of the regulatory 2. Increased issues of sanitation and framework for effective management garbage management of disaster under State Disaster 3. Weather related risks e.g. changes in Management Act 2005 for preparation temperature may discourage tourists of Disaster response and management to visit existing tourist destinations. plan Extreme climate events may lead to disruption of services. Tourism 4. Pressure on drinking water resources Other than the destinations of tourism value, 5. Siltation and pollution of water bodies climate is another principal attraction for 6. Lack of collection and disposal tourists from all over the world. Preference mechanism of solid waste of locations during a particular period of time 7. Increased urban congestion and lack of and the profitability of enterprise is largely proper transportation facilities determined by the climatic conditions. Thus any regional manifestation of climate 8. Lack of sewage disposal facility variability and extremes are likely to influence 9. Poor maintenance and use of existing the popularity of any tourist destination. So tourist infrastructure the projected climate variability and change 10. Inadequate medical and DRM plan at can severely affect the tourism industry in climate sensitive tourist spots the state through increased infrastructure 11. Deforestation and land degradation damage, additional emergency preparedness requirements, higher operational expenses 12. Unplanned infrastructure in climate and business interruptions. Barring the sensitive zones vulnerability of the sector the tourism sector 13. Lack of proper transport infrastructure also contributes to climate change through with sufficient connectivity with rest of GHG emissions from transportation and the country and adjacent countries accommodation facilities for tourists. 14. Un-regulated development of tourists The unplanned and unprecedented growth destination including problem of of the tourism industry in the state has accommodation resulted in severe detrimental impact on 15. Restricted & protected access to local environment. The inflow of tourist important tourist destinations in State. beyond the carrying capacity of the location 16. Requirement of Herringbone drainage xxxii has put tremendous pressure on existing system State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR The key priorities proposed under the Health missions to undermine the impact of climate change and also to enhance the sustainability Weather and climate variability has a of the sectors are as follows: profound influence on human health. The impact of climate change over human health is likely to be multifaceted involving Key Priorities: Tourism increased incidence of vector, water and 1. Undertaking carrying capacity studies food borne diseases, malnutrition and and developing EMP for ten tourist undernourishment, injuries and death caused locations by extreme hydrogeological events and thermal stress. Temperature, precipitation 2. Construction of Bio-toilet and humidity have a strong influence on the 3. Implementation of solid and liquid reproduction, survival and biting rates of waste management facility at six the mosquitoes that determine the malaria locations and dengue fever, and temperature effects on the life-cycle of the infectious agents 4. Improve climate change related themselves. The same meteorological factors knowledge base of tour operators also influence the transmission of water 5. Undertake study on tourist-related and food-borne diseases such as cholera transport emissions and other forms of diarrhoeal diseases. The vulnerability due to the incidence of diseases 6. Strategizing restoration of Dal Lake or hazards will however depend upon the 7. Undertake study to identify new level of exposure, sensitivity and the coping environmental friendly natural capacity of the populace. Short term impacts tourist destinations for their full- of climate change are likely to magnify the fledged operation as tourist spots existing socio-economic threats due to rapid urbanization, population growth, poverty, health infrastructure, contamination of air and water, unplanned urbanization, issues of solid and liquid waste management resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Long term climate change impacts will exacerbate the existing stress while undermining growth and development. The key priorities proposed under the missions to undermine the impact of climate change are as follows: xxxiii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sustainable Himalayan Key Priorities: Health Mission 1. District wise inventory on water In J&K, the major causes of increased born and vector borne diseases with vulnerabilities to the Himalayan ecology respect to weather variability are unplanned construction, changing socio 2. Capacity building of all stakeholders economic profile, over and unplanned on preparedness and with action exploitation of natural resource (e.g. Dal on health front in situations of flash Lake or deforestation), unplanned urban flood and earthquake hazard growth, conflicts, insufficient institutional 3. Research and study on impact of capacities and many getting aggravated due climate change on human health to climate variability and change. Climate change may adversely impact the Himalayan 4. Construction of new hospitals ecosystem through increased temperature, with modern infrastructure and altered precipitation patterns and episodes equipment’s to cope up with climatic of drought. Concerns have also been rising impacts on human population over the Himalayan glaciers along with 5. Modernization of existing hospitals other entities in the global cryosphere. The and PHCs Himalayan glaciers may lose significant ice- 6. Increase in disease surveillance mass thereby endangering the river flow • Systematic collection and analysis of especially in the lean season when the North data about vector borne diseases Indian Rivers depend on melting snow and ice. • Systematic collection and analysis of data about water borne diseases As per IPCC, glacial meltdown is projected • Systematic collection and analysis of to increase flooding, snow avalanche fall data about zoonotic diseases from established slopes and diminish water supplies to rivers as glaciers recede. The bio- 7. Integration of GIS mapping for diversity which resides in the higher altitudes collection, analyse and share data will have lesser and lesser place to occupy and identification of spatial areas of and will be at increased risk of extinction. high concern There will be a gradual shift of plant species 8. Monitoring system - towards higher altitudes. This will force local • To understand changes in pattern of communities to shift to newer agricultural diseases and fodder species. This coupled with the • To deal with new diseases from fact that that the area is in a highly sensitive emigrants (H1N1, H7N9 etc.) seismic zone, there is bound to be a heavy stress on housing sector. Flash floods due to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) may xxxiv lead to large scale landslides and subsequent State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR loss of life and property. Changes in the 6. Identification of climate grids and rainfall pattern and relative humidity add to effect on forest and ecological weather inconsistencies which also impacts resources plantation and harvesting. The Himalayan 7. Study on terrestrial and aquatic ecology is largely impacted by key human ecosystem intervention like encroachment, pollution, 8. Study on anthropogenic intervention siltation, increased resource extraction on ecological hotspot coupled with inadequate and inappropriate plantation. Sustainable development 9. Study of climate impact on migrated practice that aims at a balanced growth can birds and their timings arrest this regressive trend. The State Action 10. Identification of current status of plan for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem Himalayan ecology and climatic trend aims to strike a balance between addressing analysis for Himalayan ecology the issues detrimental to the ecosystem while enhancing the activities for economic prosperity like tourism, infrastructure building etc.The key priorities proposed under the missions to undermine the impact Strategic Knowledge of climate change are as follows: Mission While there has been significant improvement in scientific understanding Key Priorities: Sustainable of climate change in the past few decades, Himalayan Mission there remains considerable uncertainty 1. Baseline study of climate change about the nature, timing, spatial distribution impact on flora, fauna species and on and severity of the particular impacts. In glacial ecology this context, the state mission on Strategic 2. Study on vulnerability of mountain Knowledge on Climate Change intends to ecology create a knowledge system that would help implement adaptive actions to reduce 3. Community participation for vulnerabilities as well as take advantage of the protection and conservation of mitigation opportunities. It is imperative to mountain ecology, terrestrial ecology build a vibrant and dynamic knowledge system and aqua-ecology that would inform and support national 4. Capacity building and awareness for as well as regional actions for responding all levels of stakeholders effectively to the objective of ecologically 5. Institutional development on sustainable development. A strong and biodiversity conservation and strategic knowledge system is essential for protection identifying, formulating, planning and xxxv implementing policy driven actions while State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR maintaining the necessary economic growth of the population are as follows: rate. Such a strategic knowledge system for informing and supporting climate sensitive Gender Issues and Climate actions will need to address a number Change of objectives. It is equally important to Women are affected disproportionately addresse climate science with region specific and differently, due to climate change modeling; assessment of various technology and associated natural disasters such as scenarios and alternatives for complying with floods, droughts, cyclones and storms. This national objectives; leveraging international is largely because men and women are cooperation and strengthening initiatives bound by distinct socio-economic roles and for selection and development of new responsibilities that give rise to differences technologies for adaptation and mitigation; in vulnerability and ability to cope with these and ensuring that knowledge gaps are climate change consequence. bridged.The key priorities proposed under the missions to enhance the coping capacity Women usually, require firewood, or even modern fuel and water for cooking and Key Priorities: Strategic Knowledge any constraint posed by lack of access or Mission contamination, leaves them more vulnerable. 1. Map & Analyse knowledge sharing The work participation rate of male and process, flow, protocol and priority female vary significantly. In post disaster 2. Compile currently available recovery period, the females stay in hostile information for assessment terrain whereas males migrate. frameworks, methods and tools for Therefore it is important that issues relating to climate impacts, decision support gender safety, violence against women during tools, good adaptation practices climate stressed scenarios and adaptation 3. Establishment of weather and options which are gender segregated need climate data and easy access of data to be worked upon and friendly policies for to climate researchers and end users women need to be incorporated. of vulnerable community as well as livelihood sector Actions and Budget 4. Capacity building including developing of training module and imparting Both adaptation and mitigation actions are through regional workshop proposed under the SAPCC. The actions 5. Develop & maintain online portal on proposed under the action plan are prioritized climate change as high, medium, and low based the degree 6. Organize, annual forum of learning of importance and barriers envisioned during seminar, workshop and dissemination its implementation. The proposed budgetary of knowledge based products estimations for implementation of high xxxvi priority action under the Climate Change State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Action Plan in different sectors are only a departments and additional funds may have rough estimate. The total budget has been to be provided for certain activities. As the estimated at INR 3,84,641 (38,464 crore) implementation activities make progress, the million for a 5-year period. Parts of the Action exact situation will be more easily visualized. Plan can be planned to be implemented The synopsis of the number of actions being based on the availability of resources of the proposed under each sector and the budget for the priority actions are as follows: Sl Sector No of high Total No Indicative Budget No Priority of Action (in Rs Million) Actions Proposed Existing Additional

1 Sustainable Energy 9 15 1470.1 3970.4 mission

2 Enhanced Energy 16 16 1572 5548.4 Efficiency

3 Sustainable Habitat 13 29 0 321788.5

4 Green India Mission 15 22 0 1173.5

5 Water Mission 11 24 0.00 45676.00

6 Sustainable Agriculture 17 41 100.0 1044.2

7 Disaster Management 10 21 0.00 223.5

8 Tourism 7 18 0.00 697.5

9 Health 8 22 0 1047.0

10 Himalayan Mission 10 10 0 290.0

11 Strategic Knowledge 6 11 0 40 TOTAL 122 229 3142.1 381499 xxxvii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR xxxviii State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17. Annex I: Mission wise Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under SAPCC 17.1 Sustainable Energy Mission Table 71: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Sustainable Energy Mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Promotion and implementation of solar city project by JAKEDA, LREDA, H A) Preparation of a master plan for all district HQs under the “Solar City KREDA, Housing PS A AD ST project” & Urban B) Set-up of institutional arrangements for implementation of the master Development OM A AD ST plan Department - J&K C) Awareness generation and capacity building activities by managing CB A AD LT publicity programmes, conducting training programmes/business meets for stakeholders D) Implementation of pilot solar city project in phase wise- IP A MI LT Phase I - Jammu, Srinagar and Katra Phase II - Kupwara&Udhampur Phase III - Rajauri, Poonch, Baramula,

2 Promotion and facilitation of Off-grid and decentralized renewable JAKEDA, LREDA, H energy generation for electrification, cooking and other thermal KREDA, Rural energy requirement. Development A) Facilitating deployment of 5 MW stand-alone off-grid solar power Dept. -J&K IP S MI MT plant of capacity within 50 - 100 kW for fulfilling the power demand in dispersed locations by 12th plan period. 283 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame B) Installation of 300 kW solar-wind hybrid power plants with capacity of IP A MI ST 20 kW in 12th plan period. C) Maximizing use of stand-alone Solar Home Lighting System (SHLS) in IP S MI MT rural household level through distribution of 20,000 SHLS of 40 Wp capacity annually. D) Implementation of pilot scale 15 nos. bio-digester systems annually for DP S MI MT cooking energy generation for 50 -100 people from kitchen waste and other waste in hostels, hospitals, small scale industries and institutions etc.

3 State Govt. by amendment of building bye-laws suitable to state JAKEDA, LREDA, H condition will promote and mandate use of solar water heating KREDA, Housing systems and/or lighting. & Urban A) Amendment of building bye-law considering state demographic profile Development PA S AD ST for mandatory use of solar water heating systems in Department - • All District Head Quarters of the state by year 2015 J&K, Govt. of J&K, • All commercial and institutional buildings of urban and semi Dept. of Health, urban areas by 2017 Dept. of Higher • All private residential houses of urban areas with more than Education -J&K, 1000 sq. ft. area by 2018 • By 2020, in all towns and small cities; solar water heating systems usage by the private households and commercial buildings. B) Promotion & Facilitation for setting up of Solar water heating (SWH) DP S MI ST systems in all Govt. establishments. By undertaking pilot projects in • Primary Health Centre’s - 10 Nos. • Hospital - 10 Nos. • Govt. Higher Secondary School - 10 Nos. 284 • District Collectorate Building and other govt. establishments -20 Nos. State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

4 Institutional development and strengthening of JAKEDA, LREDA and JAKEDA, LREDA, H KREDA for promotion of Renewable Energy applications KREDA, State A) Training of the working group members and their representatives from Climate Change CB S AD ST JAKEDA including LREDA and KREDA and other concerned departments Cell, J&K and organizations on sector specific climate change issues and enhance the knowledge about the policy measures. B) Introduction of e-governance system and enabling IT based operation CB S AD ST in the JAKEDA, LREDA and KREDA and capacity building of all officers at &IP district level. C) Development of Project Management Cell at JAKEDA for identification CB & A AD LT of projects, development of Pre-Feasibility Report, Detailed Project PS Report, Arrangement of fund, Monitoring of project implementation and operation.

5 Harnessing renewable energy potential scenario of the state for power JAKEDA, Housing H generation & Urban A) Assessment of Biomass potential and availability for energy generation Development RS S AD ST in the state and demarcation of biomass potential sites in the map. Dept. -J&K B) Assessment of Solar irradiation, temperature, wind speed at district RS S AD ST level across the state for solar mapping. C) Assessment of Wind Energy potential of the state, wind mapping and RS S AD ST identification of wind project sites. D) Detailed Assessment of Waste to Energy projects from Municipal Waste, RS S AD ST Industrial and other wastes in the state. E) Undertake R&D work to improvise the performance of biogas plants in RS A AD ST low temperature condition and with reduced livestock waste in high temperature zones. 285 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

6 Strengthening of technical competency of various stakeholders JAKEDA, Technical H of renewable energy which includes O&M persons, technicians, Education Dept. installers, manufacturers and other relevant service providers as per -J&K, Industry & international standard Commerce Dept. A) Introduction of subject or paper on RE system installation, O&M, repair, -J&K CB S AD ST etc.in all ITIs of the state to meet a local demand. B) Introducing technical course on Renewable energy technology and CB S AD ST Energy management at Poly-technic /Engineering colleges of the state to achieve increase in availability of technically qualified manpower. C) Conducting certificate courses for strengthening of technical competency CB S AD ST of the existing solar and other renewable energy technology service providers. D) Supporting state level entrepreneurs to become RESCOs, Channel CB S AD MT Partners under JNNSM scheme and renewable energy device manufacturers, distributors, installers, etc.

7 Enhancing state's own power generation capacity through hydro JAKEDA, JKSERC, H power plant set up and provides support to private/public investors JKSPDC, LREDA, in project implementation and undertakes micro/mini hydro projects KREDA, PHE, for remote area's to meet up local demand. Irrigation & Flood A) Detailed reconnaissance study on water availability and hydrology data Control Dept. PS S AD MT evaluation for identification of new hydro projects and demarcation of -J&K hydro power sites with specific capacity mapping. B) Promotion & facilitation of hydro power project implementation by PA S MI MT providing adequate support from the state government in terms of clearance, land acquisition, power transmission network development and funding.

286 Encouragement of greener construction technologies in new Hydro power project implementation. State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame C) Declaration of water policy and mandate siltation and pollution control PA S AD ST in water bodies of hydro power projects. D) Implementation of 10 MW mini, micro hydro project in already identified IP A MI MT project sites by next 5 years through PPP mode and 50 MW through IPP mode.

8 Promotion of grid connected Rooftop and Small Solar Power projects JAKEDA, JKSERC, H PS, IP S MI MT in the state of J&K JKSPDC, LREDA, & PA A) Implementation of 25 MW grid connected Rooftop and small solar KREDA power plant up to 2 MW capacities across the state within 2017-18 by Independent Power Producers (IPP) and also through PPP mode. B) Declaration of policy measures for proper decommissioning and recycling of all solar panels installed across the state.

9 Promotion of green buildings in the state JAKEDA, LREDA, H A) Development of policy framework on green building considering state KREDA, PHE, PA S AD ST geographical location, prevailing climatic condition. Irrigation & B) Introducing mandatory norms for undertaking green building measures Flood Control PS & A MI LT in all new govt. buildings and residential buildings of more than 1500 Dept. -J&K, DP sq. ft. in cities of Jammu & Srinagar. Housing & Urban Mandatory compliance of energy efficiency measures, rain water Development harvesting measures, recycling measures of water and wastes in all big Dept. -J&K, Public hotels. Works (R&B) Department C) Capacity Building of authorities (Housing & Urban Development CB S AD LT Department, PHE, Irrigation & Flood Control Department, Public Works (R&B) Department, JAKEDA) on green building policy and its requirement. 287 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

10 Promotion of Waste to Energy projects by utilizing municipal and JAKEDA, JKSERC, M industrial wastes JKSPDC, LREDA, A) Development of Policy framework KREDA, Housing PA S AD ST B) Facilitate project implementation through support in project clearances, & Urban PA S MI MT Arrangement & management of project implementation fund Development Dept. -J&K C) Identification of projects and preparation of 3 Nos. Detailed Project PS S MI ST Report D) Facilitation and implementation of 3 nos. demonstration projects in DP A MI MT major cities of the state

11 Maximizing use of solar energy application for minimizing the grid JAKEDA, JKSERC, M PS & S MI LT power shortage by installation of 100 MW grid connected solar power JKSPDC, LREDA, IP plants through IPP mode and 10 MW through PPP mode by 12th plan KREDA period. a) Identification of project sites. b) Bankable DPR preparation. c) Identification and selection of project investor and fund. d) Undertake project clearances, grid connectivity. e) Implementation of solar power plant.

12 Reducing grid power dependency and fossil fuel savings through JAKEDA, LREDA, M PS & S MI LT replacement of diesel generators by promoting & facilitating setting KREDA, Dept. IP up Off-grid Rooftop solar power systems in all Govt. establishments of Health including – -J&K, Higher • Health Centre’s - 300 Nos. Education Dept. • Educational Institutions - 200 Nos. -J&K, Technical • District Collectorate Building and other govt. establishments - Education Dept.

100 Nos. -J&K, Govt. of J&K 288 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

13 Promotion and facilitation in setting up 10 MW biomass based power JAKEDA, JKSERC, M PS & A MI LT projects with capacity of 1 MW and above through single window JKSPDC, LREDA, IP procedure. KREDA, Industry a) Preparation of Bankable Detailed Project Report. & Commerce b) Arrangement & management of project implementation fund. Dept. -J&K c) Single window clearance for setting up biomass power plant d) Dedicated plantation activity for biomass generation. e) Implementation of pilot power projects of total capacity of 10 MW

14 Promotion of community based solar cooker system / solar JAKEDA, LREDA, L PA & A MI MT concentrating system use to suffice 100 people cooking energy KREDA, Education DP requirement at schools/education centers through policy mechanism Dept. -J&K and also demonstration project implementation.

15 Creating solar energy and other renewable energy technology supply JAKEDA, LREDA, L PA, IP A AD LT chain by incorporation of Mini RE Park or RE Valley for production of KREDA, Industry & CB Solar PV, thermal devices and other RE technology devices etc. in SEZ & Commerce mode by the Government of J&K. Dept. -J&K a) Land identification, development and allocation for RE park. b) Development of RE park as a PPP initiative. c) Allocation of area to RE manufacturers under SEZ scheme. Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 289 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.2 Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency Table 72: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

01 Policy development for mandatory Energy Audit in Govt. Building; JKPDD, PWD, H MI S PA, DP ST Dept. of Industry

02 Undertaking Training Need Analysis Study for the department, PDD,PWD H MI S CB/RS ST preparation of manual and carrying out pilot workshop.

03 T & D Loss reduction JKSERC&JKPDD High AD S PS,IP MT

04 Development of policy for mandatory use of efficient light particularly JKPDD, PWD, High MI S PA ST for commercial organizations in the state. Dept. of Industry

05 Conversion of conventional street lights to solar LED/CFL street lights. JKPDD, PWD, High MI S DP ST Municipality, UDD

06 Encourage use of Solar Gadgets in Industries Dept of Industry, High AD S PA ST PDD, Science & Technology Department

07 Awareness and implementation for use of CFL and replacing incandescent JKPDD, UDD, High MI S IP MT lamp under Bachat Lamp Yojana, and Umbrella program of BEE. Municipality, PWD.

08 Development of policy to mandate ECBC adoption in state. PDD, S&T High MI S PA ST Department, PWD, Industry, UDD

09 Formulation of DSM project. PDD, JKSERC, H MI S IP MT Dept. Of Science 290 & Technology. State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

10 Development of comprehensive scheme for promotion of energy PDD, Irrigation H MI S PA, DP MT efficient pumps in agriculture sector. Dept., Agriculture Dept.

11 Promotion of use of star rated domestic appliances may be encouraged. PDD, Dept of H MI S PA MT The shops selling TV, Refrigerators or Washing Machines, Fans etc. may Industries be asked to keep only star rated products.

12 For proper energy monitoring, capacity building of energy auditors, PDD, UDD M MI S CB ST formation of energy conservation Cell supported with manpower and infrastructure.

13 To maximize harnessing biomass potential in the state through co-gen/ PDD, JKREDA, H MI S PA/PS/ MT thermal/power plant/ gasification to feed the grid as green power. Dept. of DP/IP Increase in application of CPP both in grid and standalone mode Industries

14 Energy Audit of Generating Stations & Renovation and modernization JKSPDC, JKSERC H MI S IP LT of the existing hydro power station

15 Promotion of low emission vehicles, electric vehicles Dept. of H MI S PA & LT Transport, Dept. PIS of Urban Dev.

16 Introduction to concept of mass rapid transit Dept of H MI S PA & LT Transport, Dept. PIS of Urban Dev. Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 291 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.3 Mission on Sustainable Habitat Table 73: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Mission on Sustainable Habitat Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Promotion of battery operated (charged from solar power) transport H&UD Dept. H MT S PA, IP MT systems in tourist places, battery driven motor boats instead of diesel engine boats (battery charged from solar module mounted on the boat) and use of alternative fuel instead of diesel to drive Barges and other diesel driven equipments used for maintenance purpose in the lake

2 Capacity building of all levels of stakeholders to make them understand H&UD Dept. H AD S CB ST their role on their regards and maintain proper environment management system

3 GHG accounting study on emission by transport vehicles H&UD Dept. H AD S RS ST

4 Establishment of intelligent transport system H&UD Dept. H AD A IP MT

5 Policy framework in transport sector H&UD Dept. H AD S PA ST

6 Promotion of public transport and mass transport & Promotion of water H&UD Dept. H MT/AD S PA/IP MT transport

7 Establishment of Rail based transport system H&UD Dept. M MT A IP LT

8 Reallocation of the hotels or application of STP near Dal lake & DPR H&UD Dept. H AD A PA/IP LT preparation on STP

9 Establishment of end-to-end solid waste management system H&UD Dept. H MT A PA MT

10 Base line study on solid waste and industrial waste generation and DPR H&UD Dept. H MT A RS MT preparation & four pilot project implementation

11 Capacity Building/ Awareness Generation Program on segregation of solid H&UD Dept. H MT S CB/IP ST waste at household level

12 Establishment of segregation mechanism of bio-medical waste in urban H&UD Dept. H MT A IP MT hospitals and in rural PHCs 292 13 Application of methane capture technology and preparation of fertilizer H&UD Dept. H MT A IP MT from weeds generated in Dal lake State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

14 Establishment of transport development authority H&UD Dept. M MT S PA, IP MT

15 Establishment of Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority H&UD Dept. M MT S PA LT

16 Develop control rules and regulations in master plan H&UD Dept. L MT S PA ST

17 Dedicated cell with Directorate should be established for tourism sector H&UD Dept. M MT S PA ST

18 Establishment of State level observatory for climate change H&UD Dept. M MT, AD S PA, IP LT

19 Internal link roads to avoid traffic jam H&UD Dept. M MT, AD S PA ST

20 Increase density of habitats to save agricultural land H&UD Dept. M MT S IP MT

21 Reallocation of the people living in houseboats with employment H&UD Dept. M MT S PA MT alternatives for livelihoods

22 Implementation of common STP for houseboats H&UD Dept. M MT, AD S RD LT

23 Reallocation of Dal lake surrounding markets or incorporation of end-to- H&UD Dept. M AD A PA, IP MT end Solid waste management system

24 Development of water transfer system from Dal lake to the Jhelum in case H&UD Dept. M MT, AD A PA, IP LT of rise in water level and other wet lands

25 Establishment of STP at the disposal site H&UD Dept. M MT, AD A IP MT

26 Education to entrepreneurs by private sector H&UD Dept. L MT, AD S PA ST

27 A subject paper on Climate change should be in course structure of Poly- H&UD Dept. L MT, AD S PA, IP MT technique Institutes

28 Study on climate change should be added in study curriculum at lower H&UD Dept. L MT, AD S CB ST level

29 Institutional support H&UD Dept. M AD S RS MT Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; 293 Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.4 Green India Mission Table 74: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Green India Mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Capacity building and awareness for all levels of stakeholders Department of Forest H AD S CB LT and CAMPA Division

2 Gene bank development for climate adaptable species Department of Forest H AD S IP LT

3 Eco-restoration through afforestation and Climate oriented Department of Forest H MI S IP LT eco-restoration plan and CAMPA Division

4 Study on identification of tree phenology Department of Forest H AD A RS ST

5 Flora and Fauna vulnerability study Department of Forest H MI S RS ST

6 Carbon sequestration study for Jammu and Kashmir forest Department of Forest H MI S RS ST

7 Study on per capita fuel wood consumption and alternative Department of Forest H AD S RS ST livelihood

8 Climate impact study in undisturbed/ protected forest areas. Department of Forest H MI S RS ST

9 E-green portal with geo-reference Department of Forest H AD S IP LT

10 Nursery development for climate adaptable species Department of Forest H MI S IP LT

11 REDD+ feasibility study for carbon sequestration Department of Forest H MI S RS ST

12 Study of climate change impact on wild life species Department of Forest H AD S RS ST and wildlife Division

13 Climate change impacts on undisturbed forest area like national Forest and wildlife H AD S RS ST parks Division

14 Forest Fire management Department of Forest M AD S IP LT

15 Valuation of existing forest wealth of J & K Department of Forest M AD S RS LT 294 16 GIS based Monitoring and Evaluation of the program Department of Forest M AD S IP ST State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

17 Study on soil organic carbon of forest area Department of Forest M MI S RS ST

18 Study on water and forest linkage and forest composition Department of Forest M AD S RS ST

19 Climate Change impact on fruit species/horticultural species Department of Forest L AD S RS ST and conservation, protection and monitoring strategy

20 Strengthening JFM and afforestation activity Department of Forest L MI S IP LT and CAMPA Division

21 Study of impact of climate change on rotational forest species Department of Forest L AD S RS ST and wildlife Division

22 Increasing plantation activities on outside forest land (Plantation Department of Forest L MI S IP LT Activities and Supporting natural Regeneration) Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 295 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.5 Water Mission Table 75: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Water Mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Generate baseline data with terrain analysis PHE, Irrigation and Flood control H AD S RS ST (contour/slope/ gradient/aspect, etc.), with department comprehensive land classification with catchment demarcation, river networks, lakes and water bodies, forest coverage, etc

2 Promoting and implementing water use water PHE, Irrigation and Flood control H Ad, MI S RS, PA, MT use Efficiency measures department , Housing and Urban DP, IP, Development Department, MOWR, CB, OM CWC, CGWB , Agriculture

3 Develop hydrological models for different seasons PHE, Irrigation and Flood control H AD S RS M and calibration with the existing data department , MOWR, CWC, CGWB

4 Comprehensive water budgeting in lieu of the PHE, Irrigation and Flood control H AD S RS M current and future demand from domestic supply, department, Industry and Commerce irrigation, industry, tourism and for other sectors department

5 Monitoring river flows and mapping of flood and PHE, Irrigation and Flood control H AD S RS L drought zones department

6 Formulate comprehensive rejuvenation plan for Lake Development authority, Housing H AD A RS, PS, L Dal Lake, Mansar Lake, Manasbal Lake, Pangong and Urban Development Department DP, OM Lake and all other major lakes

7 Assessment and Implementation of rain water PHE, Housing and Urban Development H AD S RS,PS, M harvesting and artificial recharging of ground Department, Rural development DP, IP, water Department CB, OM 296 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

8 Emphasize the awareness and capacity building PHE, Housing and Urban Development H AD, MI S RS, CB M for conservation, concern and co-management of Department water

9 Dealing with flood in the changing climate PHE, Irrigation and Flood control H AD S RS, DP M scenarios. department, MOWR, CWC, CGWB, Revenue and Relief department

10 Reducing impact of increased erosion and Irrigation and Flood control department H AD S RS, IP M sedimentation , NIH, Agriculture Production Department

11 Creation of Storage facilities on Distributaries of Irrigation and Flood Control Department H AD A PS, IP L River Chenab and Jhelum As per Indus Water MOWR, NIH Treaty

12 Generation of baseline data on the rainfall pattern Irrigation and Flood control department M AD S RS L and its futuristic changes in view of climate change including trend analysis on temperature, snowfall and extreme events on the basis of meteorological data with IMD and CWC

13 Evaluation of the changes in permanent snow Climate Change Cell, Science and M AD S RS L line and glaciers in this region technology department

14 Develop the climate change scenario in terms of Climate change cell , Irrigation and Flood M AD S RS L water resources control department

15 Study of temperature change to assess the present Climate change cell , Irrigation and Flood M AD S RS L day evaporation loss and its futuristic scenario control department

16 Study on seepage loss Irrigation and Flood control department, M AD S RS, PS M PHE

17 Assessment of possible canal lining to minimize Irrigation and Flood control department, M AD S RS, PS M seepage PHE 297 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

18 Set up a fully equipped water analysis laboratory PHE M AD S DP, IP L for all possible parameters of water quality

19 Comprehensive assessment and zonation of PHE, Housing and Urban Development M AD S RS, PA L level of water pollution defining their specific Department , Agriculture Production source like type of industry, domestic, tourism, Department agriculture and also excess sedimentation through natural processes

20 Regulate land use conversion to restrict the PHE, Revenue and Relief department M AD S RS, PA M congestion in natural water infiltration for groundwater recharge

21 Explore and adopt the water efficient farming Irrigation and Flood control department, M AD S RS, DP, M techniques and crop varieties Agriculture Production Department IP

22 Zonation of the districts in terms of water PHE, Housing and Urban Development L AD S RS, DP, L availability Department, Agriculture Production IP Department, Irrigation and Flood control department,

23 Evaluate the potential waterways for Tourism Department , Housing and L AD S RS, DP, L transportation/ communication Urban Development Department

24 Community training for basic water quality PHE L AD S RS, CB, M estimation with simple test kits Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance;

298 Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.6. Sustainable agriculture mission Table 76: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Water Mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Planning of cropping system and crop varieties through Crop Dept of Agri, Horti H AD S DP ST diversification, drought tolerant crops and water saving crops

2 Capacity building of Planners farmers and extension workers and Dept of Agri, Horti H AD S CB ST dissemination of new and appropriate technology:

3 Integrated nutrient management (INM) Dept of Agri, Horti H AD A IP ST

4 Promoting Zero Tillage Dept of Agri, Horti H AD A PA ST

5 Introducing Trash mulching in agriculture 5000 ha are to be covered Dept of Agri, Horti H AD A DP ST under mulching practice for Kashmir Division

6 Combating climate related risk through Micro Irrigation programme Dept of Agri, Horti H AD A IP ST

7 Management of climate change risk for sustainable productivity Dept of Agri, Horti H AD S IP ST

8 Weather based Crop insurance Dept of Agri, Horti H AD S PA ST

9 Enhancing capacity for livestock disease management and forecasting Dept. of Animal H AD S CB ST monitoring and management Husbandry

10 Conservation of water bodies and fish stock augmentation in natural Dept of Fisheries H AD S IP ST water bodies and promotion of fish farming

11 Resource mapping (Agriculture) by using GIS and RS technology SKUAST H AD S IP ST and Strengthening of agro advisory services by using Android Technology

12 Screening of crops for moisture/heat/disease/pest tolerance and SKUAST H AD S RS ST nutrient use efficiency.

13 Crop yield and weather modeling for future projections SKUAST H AD S RS ST 299 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

14 Carbon pool assessment /sequestration in forest and agricultural SKUAST H AD S RS ST ecosystems

15 Institutionalizing the role of research universities in developing SKUAST H AD S RS, DP, MT sustainable agricultural practice and facilitate pilot implementation CB

16 Promoting sustainable floriculture practice Dept of Floriculture H AD, MI S DP, PA, ST CB

17 Promoting sustainable horticulture practice Dept of Horticulture H AD, MI S DP, PA, MT CB 18 5000 roof top rain water harvesting units to be constructed under Dept. of Agri, PHE, M AD A IP MT Kashmir Division

19 Promoting farmer industry partnership as well as seed industry Dept. of Agri M AD A PA, MT linkage P,IP

20 Socio economic surveys and knowledge net working Dept of Horti. M AD S RS ST

21 Development and promotion of Integrated pest management (IPM) Dept of Horti. M AD S RS ST as pest/insect control technique.

22 Developing inventory of Green House Gases emission and Dept. of Agri M AD S RS ST sequestration

23 Nutritional management in livestock, animal health issues and Dept. of Animal M AD S DP LT breeding of disease and heat resistant varieties. husbandry

24 Sensitivity analysis of fish species to impacts of climate change Dept. of Fisheries M AD S RS ST

25 R&D activities in the evaluation of various mulberry varieties and silk Dept. of Sericulture M AD S CB ST worm breeds with changing climatic scenario

26 Promoting Organic cultivation and setting up of vermicompost unit Dept. of Agri M MI, AD S IP MT 10,000 Ha of area under Kashmir division is proposed under the action Plan 300 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

27 Development of drought resistant, low chilling varieties, development Dept. of Agri M AD S RS MT of farming procedure in light of the projected weather pattern in a particular region 28 50000 units are proposed under Protected cultivation in Kashmir Dept. of Agri M AD S IP MT division

29 Implementation of 50000 bamboo greenhouse structure is proposed Dept. of Agri M AD S IP MT for Kashmir division

30 To introduce solar driven mechanized agricultural inputs to reduce Dept of Agri. M AD S PA, DP MT GHG emission

31 Evaluation of new approaches for paddy cultivation like aerobic rice Dept. of Agri M AD A IP MT and SRI 2000 ha of area are to be proposed under SRI in Kashmir division

32 Sustainable management of Range lands/ grass lands Dept. of Agri L AD S IP LT

33 Establishment of micro-level handling units in production zone for Dept of Horti. L AD A DP LT storage of farm produce

34 Promotion of use of high yield fruit varieties without depletion of Dept of Horti. L AD A CB LT gene pool

35 Promotion of Strip and terrace plantation in hilly areas Dept of Horti. L AD A DP, PA, LT CB

36 Plantation of apricot and pomegranate in forest areas Dept of Horti. L AD A IP LT

37 Development of check dams Dept. of Agri, PHE, L AD A IP LT RDD

38 Promotion of rare and minor fruits Dept of Horti. L AD S DP LT

39 Development of preparedness for protecting crops against climate Dept of Horti. L AD S DP LT extremes ,like introduction of anti-hail nets, Shade nets

40 Conservation of genetic diversity of crop plant Dept of Agri. L AD S PA, IP LT 301

41 Developing food and nutrition garden Dept of Agri. L AD S PA, DP LT State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 302 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.7. Disaster Management Table 77: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Disaster Management Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Hazard risk mapping using GIS and Remote SDMA, SEC and DDMA H AD S RS ST sensing

2 Risk reduction through implementable planning SDMA, SEC and DDMA, Department of H AD S RS,PA, ST and policy development Home affairs and Revenue DP

3 Strengthening Communication Networks and SDMA, SEC , DDMA and NIC H AD S RS,PA, MT Disaster Management Facilities DP, CB

4 Hazard specific multi-parameter vulnerability SDMA, SEC , DDMA, NIC, Department H AD S RS MT assessment s and societal impacts assessments of Home affairs, Irrigation, Revenue and at the regional and local levels for preparing PWD contingency plan

5 Developing and promoting concept of Climate SDMA, SEC , DDMA, NIC, Department H AD S RS,PA, MT Smart Disaster Risk Management (CSDRM) of Home affairs, Irrigation, Revenue, CB Agriculture and PWD

6 Preparation of disaster rescue and rehabilitation SDMA, SEC , DDMA, Department of H AD S RS, CB ST plan. Home affairs, Irrigation, Revenue, Agriculture and PWD

7 Awareness/ Sensitization/ Capacity Building as SDMA, SEC , DDMA, Department of H AD S CB MT DRM strategy Home, Irrigation, Revenue, Agriculture and PWD

8 Community based disaster management in the SDMA, SEC , DDMA, Department of H AD S PA MT Disaster Management Plan at all levels Home affairs, Irrigation, Revenue, Agriculture and PWD 303 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

9 Disaster response training at the community level SDMA, SEC and DDMA H AD S CB, RS ST to build infrastructure and human resources for medical preparedness and emergency medical response to manage mass casualties during extreme events

10 Institutional development and operationalisation SDMA, SEC , DDMA, Department of H AD S PA, CB ST of the regulatory framework for effective Home affairs , Irrigation, Revenue, management of disaster under State Disaster Agriculture and PWD Management Act 2005 for preparation of Disaster response and management plan

11 Monitoring River Flows and mapping flood SDMA, SEC , DDMA and Department of M AD S RS, PS, LT zones Irrigation, IP

12 Developing linkages between SDMA and SDMA, SEC , DDMA and Department of M AD S PA ST disaster risk reduction component of sectoral Irrigation, Home affairs and Revenue development plans

13 Disaster management and risk reduction SDMA, SEC , DDMA and Department of M AD S PA ST committees to oversee monitoring of disaster Irrigation, Home affairs and Revenue response and mitigation programmes

14 Maintenance of critical facilities such as health SDMA, SEC , DDMA and Department of M AD S PS,IP, LT care services and water supplies Irrigation, Home affairs, Revenue and DP, RS Health and Medical Education

15 Land use/land cover change studies SDMA, SEC , DDMA and PWD M AD S RS, PS LT

16 Landslide and environmental risk assessment SDMA, SEC , DDMA and Department of M AD S RS MT Forest

17 Assessment of the impact of natural disasters SDMA, SEC and DDMA M AD S RS MT upon masses, particularly women 304 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

18 Study of the impact on natural resources and SDMA, SEC and DDMA M AD S RS, PS MT livelihoods of people due to changing weather patterns and extreme weather events

19 Documentation of best practices in traditional SDMA, SEC and DDMA M AD S RS MT coping methods, possible interventions to meet current disaster risk and promotion of the same

20 Collaboration with insurance providers to insure SDMA, SEC , DDMA and Department of L AD S PS,PA, LT infrastructure, mainstreaming disaster risk Revenue IP reduction into Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and Indira Awas Yojana

21 Organize fire response training, mock drills and SDMA, SEC , DDMA L AD S CB LT enhance fire services Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 305 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.8. Tourism Table 78: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under tourism Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Undertaking carrying capacity studies and developing EMP for Dept of Tourism H AD A RS ST ten tourist locations

2 Construction of Bio-toilet Dept of Tourism, H AD, MI A DP MT Urban Development Dept and PWD

3 Implementation of solid and liquid waste management facility at Dept of Tourism, H AD, MI A DP MT six locations Urban Development Dept and PWD

4 Improve climate change related knowledge base of tourism Dept of Tourism, H AD S RS ST operators

5 Undertake study on tourist-related transport emissions Dept of Tourism H MI S RS MT

6 Undertake study to identify new environmental friendly natural Dept of Tourism, H AD S RS, PA ST tourist destinations for their full-fledged operation as tourist spots

7 Strategizing Restoration of Dal Lake Dept of Tourism, H AD A RS, MT Lake Development OM, Authority

8 Developing Tourism policy and linking it with climate change Dept of Tourism, H AD S PA ST issue Educational institute

9 Promoting use of Solar thermal and solar PV system in hotels and Dept of Energy, Dept M MI S PA, DP, MT resorts of Tourism IP 306 10 Identifying and establishing eco-tourism Dept of Tourism, Dept M AD S RS, PA, LT of Forest PS State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

11 Develop and disseminate emission management tools Dept of Tourism , M MI S RS ST Research institute/ enterprise

12 Research on existing measures/mechanism adopted by private Dept of Tourism, M AD S RS ST sector service providers for minimizing environmental impacts Research institute/ enterprise

13 Undertaking capacity building and awareness workshop on Dept of Tourism M AD A CB,PS ST climate change

14 Framing & Adoption of Sustainable Tourism Development Dept of Tourism L AD S PA, PS MT Guidelines for the State with active participation through cell

15 Distribute best practices guide on emission management tools to Dept of Tourism L MI S RS, MT tourism business organizers and operators CB Promote alternate fuel/means for transportation particularly in new tourist destinations

16 Inland waterways to be identified for Jhelum in Srinagar city Dept of Tourism L MI A PS LT

17 Monitor changing consumer perception and behavior in relation Dept of Tourism L AD A RS MT to climate change /undertake consumer Market research

18 Facilitating ropeway at Verinaag Dept of Tourism L AD, MI A RS LT Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 307 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.9. Health Mission Table 79: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Health Mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 District wise inventory on water born and vector borne diseases Department of Health H AD S IP ST with respect to weather variability

2 Capacity building of all stakeholders on preparedness and Department of Health H AD/MI S CB ST rapid action on health context in situations of flash flood and earthquake

3 Research and study on impact of climate change on human Department of Health H AD A RS MT health

4 Construction of new hospitals with modern infrastructure Department of Health H AD A IP MT and equipment’s to cope up with climatic impacts on human population

5 Modernization of existing hospitals and PHCs Department of Health H AD S IP LT

6 Increase of surveillance – Department of Health H AD S RS MT • Systematic collection and analysis of data about vector borne diseases • Systematic collection and analysis of data about water borne diseases • Systematic collection and analysis of data about zoonotic diseases

7 Integration of GIS mapping for collection, analyze and share data Department of Health H AD S RS MT and identification of spatial areas of high concern 308 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

8 Monitoring system - Department of Health H AD S PS ST • to understand changes in pattern of diseases • to deal with new diseases from emigrants (H1N1, H7N9 etc.)

9 Facilitation of secured supply of water and electricity in the Department of Health M AD A IP MT hospitals in extreme weather conditions / disaster

10 Capacity building of Anganwadi and ASHA workers on health Department of Health M AD S CB MT related issues of climate change

11 Identification of high risk disaster zones Department of Health M AD S PS MT

12 Strengthening approaches to manage vector borne disease that Department of Health M AD/MI S IP MT have worsened due to climate change impacts

13 Strengthening approaches to deal with the physical and Department of Health M AD/MI S IP MT psychological impacts due to extreme weather conditions caused by climate change

14 Addressing drought, nutrition & food security due to increased Department of Health M AD S RS/PA MT risk of drought, consequent decline in agriculture and increased malnutrition & food security

15 Undertaking measures to manage water borne disease that have Department of Health M AD/MI S IP MT worsened due to climate change impacts

16 Establishment/ Up gradation of pathological laboratories for Department of Health M AD S IP ST disease identification caused due to climate variations

17 Development of institutional framework and infrastructural Department of Health M AD S RS/IP MT facilities for early detection of vector borne diseases, including managing outbreaks

18 Establishment of mobile health centre to provide medical facilities Department of Health M AD S DP/IP MT in far off areas during extreme climatic events 309 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

19 Studying the inter linkages between air quality and climate Department of Health L AD/MI S RS MT change, and implications on health

20 Formulating Adaptation strategies to reduce the impact of climate Department of Health L AD S PA/CB ST change issues affecting human health

21 Research initiatives for changed patterns of diseases by region Department of Health L AD S RS ST and by climate parameters

22 Assessment of health impacts due to malnutrition- Research Department of Health L AD S RS ST study on malnutrition of vulnerable groups due to food insecurity caused by climatic variations Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 310 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.10. Sustainable Himalayan Mission Table 80: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Sustainable Himalayan Mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Baseline study of climate change impact on flora, fauna Department of Env. and forest H AD S PS ST species and on glacial ecology

2 Study on vulnerability of mountain ecology Department of Env. and forest H AD S RS ST

3 Community participation on protection and conservation of Department of Env. and forest H MI S IP LT mountain ecology, terrestrial ecology and aqua-ecology

4 Capacity building and awareness for all levels of Department of Env. and forest H MI S CB LT stakeholders

5 Institutional development on biodiversity conservation and Department of Env. and forest H MI S IP LT protection.

6 Identification of climate grids and effect on forest and Department of Env. and forest H AD S RS ST ecological resources

7 Study on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem Department of Env. and forest H AD S RS ST

8 Study on anthropogenic intervention on ecological hotspot Department of Env. and forest H AD S RS ST

9 Study of climate impact on migrated birds and their timings Department of Env. and forest H AD S RS ST

10 Identification of current status of Himalayan ecology and Department of Env. and forest H AD S RS ST Climatic trend analysis for Himalayan ecology Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 311 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 17.11. Strategic Knowledge mission Table 81: Comprehensive List of Actions proposed under Strategic Knowledge mission Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

1 Map & Analyze knowledge sharing process, flow, protocol Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, H AD S RS, CB ST and priority University of Jammu, University of Kashmir,

2 Compile currently available information for assessment Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, H AD S RS, CB ST frameworks, methods and tools for climate impacts, decision University of Jammu, support tools, good adaptation practices University of Kashmir,

3 Establishment of weather and climate data and easy access Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, H AD S RS, CB, ST of data to climate researchers and end users of vulnerable University of Jammu, DP community as well as livelihood sector University of Kashmir,

4 Capacity building including developing of Training module Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, H AD S RS, CB MT and imparting through regional workshop University of Jammu, University of Kashmir,

5 Develop & maintain online portal website Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, H AD S RS, DP ST University of Jammu, University of Kashmir,

6 Organize annual forum, learning seminar, workshop and Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, H AD S RS, CB MT dissemination of knowledge based product University of Jammu, University of Kashmir,

7 Develop and disseminate knowledge management tools ( Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, M AD S RS, CB, MT like knowledge maps, electronic yellow page dictionaries, University of Jammu, DP apprenticeship programmes, communities of practice, University of Kashmir, lectures and case studies, videos on best practices and web based learning 312 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR Sl. Title Organizations Priority Type Scale Nature Time No. Frame

8 Piloting training course for participating institutions and Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, M AD S RS, DP LT knowledge networks University of Jammu, University of Kashmir,

9 Provide advisory services to knowledge network portals Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, M AD S RS, DP, LT & participating institutions and to improve their access to University of Jammu, CB adaptation finance mechanisms University of Kashmir,

10 Establish Village resource and Village Knowledge Centers Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, L AD A RS, DP, LT University of Jammu, CB University of Kashmir,

11 Promoting traditional adaptation knowledge and practices Govt of J&K, SKUAST, J&K, L AD A RS, DP, LT University of Jammu, CB University of Kashmir, Priority H – High, M – Medium, L – Low; Type MI - Mitigation, AD – Adaptation; Scale S – State-wide, A – Particular / Focused Area Nature RS - Research Study, PA - Policy Action, PS - Pre-investment Study, DP - Demonstration Project, IP - Investment Project, CB - Capacity Building, OM - Regular Operation & Maintenance; Timeframe ST – Short-term, MT - Medium Term, LT – Long term 313 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR 314 State Action Plan on Climate Change: JAMMU & KASHMIR