National Action Plan on Climate Change 2022-2026

H2 National Action Plan on Climate Change 2022-2026 STATE OF ISRAEL Outline 03. Background 04. Targets for a low carbon economy 05. Impacts of climate change on Israel 06. Summary | Economy wide measures 07. Summary | Mitigation action plan 08. Summary | Adaptation action plan 10. Mitigation action plan | Energy 11. Mitigation action plan | Transportation 12. Mitigation action plan | Industry 13. Mitigation action plan | Waste 14. Mitigation action plan | Cities and buildings 16. Adaptation action plan | Urban Systems 17. Adaptation action plan | Natural Systems 18. Adaptation action plan | Food Systems 19. Adaptation action plan | Educational Systems 21. Economy wide measures | Economy 22. Economy wide measures | Innovation 23. Economy wide measures | Follow-up and Supervision 3 Ec on om y w id e Background to Israel's Low Carbon Transition Strategy Global Commitment Israel's Commitment Israel 2050 Transition to a Low Carbon Economy Summary report on extensive inter-ministerial 2-year process (published in October 2021) Inter-ministerial Administration Preparation for Climate Change Adaptation Report #1 Israel's climate change preparedness Preparedness and Emissions Reduction Committee headed by Ministry's Director General (anchored in Decision 474 from 2009) Inter-ministerial Committee on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (anchored in Decision 1504 from 2010) Inter-ministerial Administration Preparation for Climate Change Adaptation (anchored in Decision 4079 from 2018) National Implementation Plan (anchored in Decision 171 from 2021) 1992 Climate Change Convention adopted 1996 Kyoto Protocol (Mandatory reduction targets for developed Parties) 2015 Paris Agreement (Reduction targets for all Parties and beginning of climate change preparedness) 2021 The Glasgow Summit Global target no more than 1.5 degrees The means Zero emissions by 2050 Status of Emissions in Base Year (2015) In 2015 total GHG emissions in Israel were about 79 million tons CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), representing a 40% absolute increase compared to GHG emissions in 1996, 20% increase compared to GHG emissions in 2000, and a 5% increase compared to GHG emissions in 2010. The main cause of greenhouse gas emissions in Israel is fuel combustion. These emissions accounted for approximately 81% of total emissions in 2015. The electricity sector (approximately 48% of total emissions), transportation (approximately 23%) and the industrial sector (about 15%) are the main contributors to total emissions. Economy wide targets for GHG emissions reduction in 2030 In the framework of Government Decision #171 from 25.07.21, a 2030 GHG reduction target of at least 27% was determined compared to the level in 2015. 27% about 58 million tons GHG emissions Economy wide targets for GHG emissions reduction in 2050 Government Decision #171 sets a long-term target for 2050 of at least an 85% reduction in GHG emissions relative to the level in 2015. 85% about 12 million tons GHG emissions Reduction of direct emissions, relative to 2015 (MtCO2e) Reduction of direct emissions, relative to 2015 (MtCO2e) 4 Reduction scenario 2030 Reduction scenario 2050 2015 2015 Electricity Transportation Waste Industry Cities and Buildings Other Electricity Transportation Waste Industry Cities and Buildings Other M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Targets for a low carbon and thriving economy Results of the process – Israel 2050 – Transition to a Low Carbon Economy Israel completed a multi-sectoral and holistic process for formulating a strategy and national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preparing sectoral indicators and an implementation plan. In addition, the govermant formulated an adaptation strategy and an implementation plan. Hotter Since 1950 the average temperature in Israel has risen by 1.4 degrees Centigrade By 2100 expected trend for precipitation reduction is at an average rate of 15-25 percent Increase in the number of record events of precipitation and extreme weather events Higher Drier More extreme • Increase in incidents of urban heat islands • Rise in intensity and frequency of heat waves • More disease carried by vectors • Threats for vulnerable populations Gradual sea level rise • Shrinking shores and loss of tourism • Danger from lack of stability of coastal cliffs • Seawater intrusion into streams • Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifer • Sea level rise of about 0.4 cm a year • Damage to coastal infrastructure and ports • Increase in frequency of forest fires • Dehydration of soil and vegetation • Reduced flow of natural water sources • Regional shortage of water supply • Increase of floods and surface runoff • More flooding • Soil erosion • Coping with extreme weather events 5 Ad ap ta tio n ac tio n p la n Climate change implications for Israel The action Start of Implementation Climate Law Determines mechanisms and bodies to ensure the capacity of the State of Israel to reduce GHG emissions and prepare for climate change; includes the establishment of a ministerial committee that will be assisted by an advisory committee, an academic committee of experts and by the public. In process National threats assessment Include the climate crisis as a chapter in the multi-year assessment of the Israel National Security Council. From the assessment, reference scenarios will be derived for the main risks to the home front command beginning with fires, floods, hot and cold waves, refugee issues all the way to maintaining energy security. In process Measuring, reporting and verification Submission of a preparedness plan for government ministries, along with a mechanism for monitoring and supervising the progress of implementation of the emissions reduction targets. We will also operate a reporting mechanism for companies to prepare and achieve targets and we will work to integrate the effects of climate in policy planning processes. 2023 Carbon pricing In Government Decision #286 from 01.08.21, a GHG emissions pricing mechanism was fixed that will be carried out through the excise mechanism (a fixed tax on fuel). The mechanism gradually will increase the amount of tax on the purchase of fuels. In process Update externalities The Ministry of Environmental Protection will publish in the "Green Book" the external costs of GHG emissions in terms of shekels per ton of emissions. These values will provide a basis for various calculations, in particular for cost-benefit analyses. 2023 Funding and investments Cooperation with the financial regulators for internalizing investment and financing risks due to climate change. 2022 Innovation and climate technologies The arena in which there is economic potential and opportunity to contribute to the world to advance achieving emission reduction targets. We will establish a broad support program for all stages in the lifecycle of start-up companies in order to promote the breakthroughs in the field. 2022 REGULATION ECONOMY 6 Ec on om y w id e Summary of economy wide measures Key actions Measures Main Step Key Action ENERGY Energy Efficiency Support for industry, local authorities, large energy consumers End the use of coal End of coal and transition of power plants Renewables Development of grid, storage, regulations and removal of barriers for renewables, with emphasis on double land use and agrivoltaics Transitioning from private vehicle use to sustainable transport Infrastructure development for mass transit Moving over to zero emission vehicles Grants for purchase of zero emission buses Reduction in the use of fossil fuels Support for energy efficiency and transitioning to clean energy sources Circular economy and reducing consumption Support for industrial symbiosis plan, with investments in improving resource consumption and in the recycling industry Transition to green refrigerants Regulations for the profession of air conditioner and cooling system installers and for the service providers for these systems Promoting recycling Obligatory treatment of organic and agricultural waste, while establishing mandatory standards for the use of treated waste Preventing landfilling Ban on landfilling unsorted solid waste and untreated organic waste Reduction at source Support for pilot projects to reduce the amount of municipal waste generated in households (reduce and recycle) Green building Apply green building standard (5281) as mandatory for all new buildings in Israel Zero energy building Preparation of a document with clear definitions of a net zero energy structure Optimal density Incorporate optimal density in national master planning strategy Urban renewal Promote detailed and descriptive plans and policy documents for urban renewal TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY WASTE CITIES and BUILDINGS 7 M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Summary of Mitigation action plan Measures Key Step Main Action ECONOMY WIDE MEASURES Preparedness of government ministries Formulation of climate preparedness plans by all government ministries and agencies National climate computing center Formulation of climate risk maps and scenarios for decision makers URBAN SYSTEMS Preparedness of local authorities Formulation of climate preparedness plans by local government Shading in public areas and urban forests Shading urban space, extension of green land cover, tree planting in cities and shading public facilities Water and runoff management Implementation of nature-based solutions for the management of urban runoff Strengthening community resilience Establishment of a surveillance system to monitor mortality, morbidity and treatment of high risk groups NATURE BASED SYSTEMS Prevention of floods and flooding Support for restoration of streams to manage risks of floods and flooding Prevention of forest fires Approval of regulations for protection of communities adjacent to forests and the establishment of buffer zones around them Strengthening the resilience of natural systems A national plan for the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration of ecosystems Prevention of outbreaks of disease Preparation of a plan for monitoring and risk management of zoonotic diseases EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS Formal education system Formulation of a multidisciplinary climate education plan Informal education system Support for local authorities to operate programs within all groups of the educational system Youth movements and organizations Support for training of management, counselor and members (of youth groups) 8 Ad ap ta tio n ac tio n p la n Summary of climate change adaptation action plan H2 Mitigation action plan Main step Indicator value Key action Beginning of implementation ENERGY EFFICIENCY 1.3% target for improvement each year in energy intensity Approval of national plan for energy efficiency with a budget of NIS 1,000 million 2021 Support for energy efficiency in industry, commerce and authorities 2022 END OF COAL USE End of coal for electricity generation by 2026 Shutting down of Orot Rabin 1-4 Coal power plant 2022 Conversion of remaining coal plants to natural gas 2025 RENEWABLES 30% electricity generation from renewable energy by 2030 Mandatory solar PV on new buildings 2022 Updated plan to promote renewable energy 2022 Advance energy storage in planning, publish regulations and legislation 2022 Update grid development plan 2022 Agro-voltaic solution - Experimenting with electricity generation, integrated with farming 2022 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Connecting Israel's grid and purchasing green electricity from neighboring countries 2022 INNOVATION AND CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES Support technological innovation in the fields of energy (storage, hydrogen, carbon capture and reuse, renewable energy generation, demand control and smart grid) 2026 10 M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Mitigation action plan Energy 30% Target for reducing emissions in the electricity sector by 2030 relative to emissions in 2015 85% Target for reducing emissions in the electricity sector by 2050 relative to emissions in 2015 Main step Indicator value Key action Beginning of implementation Development of mass transport infrastructure in TRANSITION FROM PRIVATE VEHICLES TO SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Reduce annual average private car mileage per citizen from: 5,300km in 2018 5,000Km in 2030 4,200Km in 2050 National mileage rate for sustainable transport Increase from: 37% in 2018 to 50% in 2030 metropolitan areas with a budget of NIS 250 billion by 2035 In progress Promote urban public transportation lanes with a budget of NIS 6 billion by 2026 2022 Additional public transport bus services with a budget of NIS 2.5 billion by 2026 2022 Improve public transportation service with focus on the demand and a corresponding level of supply 2022 Development of 2,000 km bicycle infrastructure budgeted at NIS 400 million by 2030 In progress and 70% in 2050 Update parking tariffs and standards 2022 Quantity of zero emission urban buses Increase of: Grants for purchase of zero-emission buses and electrification of terminals In progress 1% in 2018 TRANSITION TO to 50% in 2036 and 100% in 2050 Distribution of charging infrastructure in new buildings, apartment buildings and public spaces In progress ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES Average GHG emissions of new vehicles up to Determine emission standards for imported vehicles 2023 3.5 tons Reduction of 95% in 2030, relative to average emissions in 2020 Reduction of 100% in 2050 Electrification of the entire passenger train system In progress 11 M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Mitigation action plan Transportation Target for limiting increase in GHG emissions from transportation by 2030, such that the total increase in emissions will be r 3. el 3% only, ative to the amount measured in 2015 that stood at 17.6 million tons. 96% Target for reducing GHG emissions from transportation by 2050 relative to emissions in 2015 Main step REDUCE THE USE OF POLLUTING FUELS Indicator value Key action Support for energy efficiency, GHG emissions reduction and transition to clean energy sources Beginning of implementation 2022 Support for the integration of new technologies based on zero emission energy, such as hydrogen 2022 CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND REDUCTION OF RESOURCE CONSUMPTION Improve resource efficiency by 5% in 2030 by 16% in 2050 relative to 2020 Support for industrial symbiosis projects budgeted at NIS 25 million 2021 Support for Israel Resource Efficiency Center that provides consultation for improving efficiency in the use of resources and raw materials budgeted at NIS 60 million 2020 Establish a community to advance circular economy through marketing, relevant expertise and managing platforms for promoting circular economy 2022 Adopt standardization allowing the use of recycled raw materials in products 2023 Support for the recycling industry to upgrade infrastructure and increase demand 2022 Support for pilot projects and integration of technologies for reduction at source and circular economy 2022 TRANSITION TO GREEN REFRIGERANTS Legislation to regulate the profession of installers and service providers of air conditioning and cooling systems, including appropriate standards for equipment 2022 Regulations limiting the import of products containing freon refrigerants 2023 OTHER Adoption of an international standard for certification of green infrastructure 2023 H2 12 M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Mitigation action plan Industry 56% Emission reduction target from industry by 2050 relative to emissions in 2015 30% Emission reduction target from industry by 2030 relative to emissions in 2015 Main step GENERAL Indicator value Key action Finalize a waste legislation framework to define the responsibilities for all stakeholders in the process Beginning of implementation 2021 Support for waste sorting and organic waste treatment facilities budgeted at NIS 2.4 billion 2021 Mandatory treatment of organic and agricultural waste and set standards for the use of treated materials 2021 ENCOURAGE RECYCLING 54% recycling from MSW by 2030 Separation at source of organic waste and support to carry this out budgeted at NIS 850 million 2023 Activate avenues of support for the recycling industry 2022 Adapt Israeli producer responsibility regulation to European standards with extension to additional waste streams 2023 71% reduction in the amount of Update landfill levy rates and examine the incineration levy in order to reflect externalities 2022 PREVENTION municipal waste OF landfilled by Ban on landfilling unsorted waste and untreated organic waste 2023 LANDFILLING 2030, compared to 4.5 million ton landfilled in 2018 Support for infrastructure for energy recovery from residual waste within budget of NIS 1.2 billion 2022 Prepare national plan for the reduction of food waste and food 2023 WASTE REDUCTION AT SOURCE 12% reduction at source for municipal waste by 2030 rescue Prepare national plan for the reduction of plastic waste and increase recycling 2021 Prepare action plan for green procurement 2023 Support for pilot projects to reduce the amount of municipal waste generated in households (reduce and recycle) 2021 13 M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Mitigation action plan Waste 47% Emissions reduction target from waste by 2030 relative to emissions in 2015 92% Emissions reduction target from waste by 2050 relative to emissions in 2015 Main step Indicator value Key action Beginning of implementation GREEN BUILDING Mandate and update green building standard; 100% of new buildings Apply green building standard (5281) as mandatory for all new buildings in Israel 2022 Green renovation: examine ways to encourage, or apply a requirement, for attaining green standards in building 2022 renovation ZERO ENERGY BUILDING Mandatory zero emission energy in buildings found to be compatible, by 2030 Prepare a document with clear definitions of a net zero-energy building 2022 Examine options for the requirement of zero energy, according to the definitions and/or the above- 2024 mentioned standard Update more stringent density requirements in National Masterplan 35, while addressing the quality of urban 2022 Sustainable urban space density in new plans, OPTIMUM while ensuring high Advance National Masterplan 70 for the metro system DENSITY quality public space, in Tel Aviv metropolitan area integrated with sustainable transport Integration of the principles and criteria for planning reinforced by public transportation and sustainable mobility URBAN RENEWAL 30% of total designated housing units by 2030 will be through urban renewal Promote specific plans, National Masterplans and policy documents for urban renewal Development of urban renewal mechanisms, outside areas of demand as well, with an emphasis on 2023 vulnerable areas 14 M iti ga tio n ac tio n p la n Mitigation action plan Cities and buildings Urban planning supported by public transportation and sustainable mobility Optimal urban density and a mix of uses H2 Climate change adaptation action plan Measure Key Action Specific Date IMPROVE Develop climate change preparedness plans for local government 2021 PREPAREDNESS OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES Implementation of preparedness plans in local government 2022 Support to local authorities for prevention of floods, flooding, fires; rehabilitation and development of coastal infrastructure, urban nature sites and more 2021 Expanding green land cover and planting trees in urban space 2022 SHADING URBAN SPACE Shading urban space and public facilities 2021 URBAN WATER AND RUNOFF MANAGEMENT Implementation of nature-based solutions for urban runoff treatment 2022 Improving coordination between stakeholders dealing with urban drainage and the regulatory system for precipitation collection (dew, rain, snow) 2023 STRENGTHENING Incorporating aspects of welfare for protecting vulnerable populations in local authorities 2022 Activities that promote involvement of residents and create community resilience COMMUNITY RESILIENCE Access to information on health and climate change 2021 Establishment of a monitoring system for mortality, morbidity and caring for high-risk groups 2025 16 Ad ap ta tio n ac tio n p la n Climate change adaptation action plan Urban systems Measure Key Action Specific Date PREVENTION OF FLOODS AND FLOODING Support for rehabilitation of streams for risk management of floods and flooding 2023 Integration of principles for basin management incorporating nature-based solutions in rural areas for prevention of flooding and flood risks 2022 PREVENTION OF FOREST FIRES Approval of regulations for the protection of communities adjacent to forests (buffer zones) 2022 Establish buffer zones around communities adjacent to forests 2022 Development of technologies for early detection of forest fires 2021 STRENGTHENING National plan for protection of biodiversity and rehabilitation of ecosystems 2020 THE RESILIENCE OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE ERA Safeguarding species adapted to climatic pressures – Genetic Bank 2020 Statutory planning for ecological corridors and passages 2020 PREVENTION OF DISEASE OUTBREAKS Preparation of a monitoring plan and risk management for zoonotic diseases 2022 Implementation of plans and conducting research 2023 Noticeable consequences of climate change that must be addressed are the effects on nature and the damage caused to ecosystems and land and marine biodiversity. Climate changes will cause dehydration of plants, changes in migration patterns of species, penetration of invasive species and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases; increased frequency of extreme events causing forest fires, floods and flooding, heat waves and urban heat islands, and more. Among the expected incidents there will also be a reduction in precipitation, dehydration of streams, an increase in the salinity of groundwater and a decline in quality, a decrease in the potential for water generation and an increase in the demand for water in neighboring countries. These episodes have potential to harm all Israeli residents, especially weaker populations, as well as influence regional security issues. 17 Ad ap ta tio n ac tio n p la n Climate change adaptation action plan Natural systems Measure Key Action Specific Date NATIONAL Preparation of a national plan for sustainable, nutritious and equitable food systems in Israel 2022 ADAPT FOOD SYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE Expand investment in progressive agricultural R&D: development and use of resistant varieties, innovative technologies 2022 Support for local sustainable agriculture 2022 PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS Boost local production, marketing and consumption of locally grown, nourishing, sustainable and environmentally friendly foods 2022 Reduce food loss and waste 2022 Food labeling according to a "green" ecological rating 2022 Manage and treat agricultural waste 2021 AGRIVOLTAICS Advance the integration of renewable energies in agricultural zones while maintaining local agricultural production and environmental protection 2021 Support for food tech, alternative proteins REDUCE CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PROTEIN Promote consumption of animal protein at levels recommended by the Ministry of Health 2022 AND IMPROVE CONDITIONS OF ANIMAL RAISING Improve conditions of animal agriculture – raising, breeding, treatment 2021 Develop an implemant of sustainable fishing 2023 A significant share of the climate emergency is the danger of a global food crisis. Food industries today violate animal rights, biodiversity and open spaces. They produce waste and GHG emissions, weakening the ability to provide humans with healthy, affordable and sustainable food. Israel participates in the UN-led effort to create food systems that will feed all of humanity with nutritious and sustainable food, and lead to food becoming a tool for well-being and quality of life while delivering more equitable food systems, rather than increasing pollution and damage to the planet. 18 Ad ap ta tio n ac tio n p la n Climate change adaptation action plan Food systems Measure Key Action Specific Date FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM Formulation of a program with multidisciplinary lessons concernmg climate change, as part of the curricula in the education system 2023 Organize training workshops on climate within the framework of continuing professional education programs for teaching personnel 2022 Run certification programs for kindergartens, schools and green campuses; create an online system for lessons INFORMAL Support for local authorities to carry out programs for all groups in the educational system 2023 EDUCATION SYSTEM Support for local authorities to organize groups of activists for reducing carbon and ecological footprint 2023 YOUTH GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS Support for training at levels of management, counselor and youth; mapping the consumption of resources in the various branches and carrying out reduction measures 2023 Publicity actions aimed at getting the attention of the community and decision makers; joining the climate march as well as carrying out ongoing public awareness activities 2023 HIGHER EDUCATION Include courses on climate change mitigation and adaptation in all faculties 2024 Support for transition to low-carbon campuses 2023 GENERAL Support for environmental-climate leadership and behavior change of teachers, pupils and students 2023 Goal: Ensure access to education, knowledge and information on the climate crisis and the steps necessary for coping. Preparation of a program on the climate crisis and its integration in the formal and informal education systems, as well as for the general public. 19 Ad ap ta tio n ac tio n p la n Climate change adaptation action plan Educational systems and higher education H2 Economy wide policy measures Area ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL REGULATION Measure Regulatory coordination Key Action Joint regulatory forum for improving environmental financial regulation, with emphasis on adjustments in line with EU regulation. Specific Date 2020 PROVIDING ACCESSIBILITY TO INFORMATION Mapping national physical risks Design a "dashboard" that provides information on physical risks, such as fires, flooding, storms, sea level rise; and economic aspects, such as potential impacts on productivity in various sectors. 2021 DOCUMENT TO CLASSIFY ACTIVITY (TAXONOMY) Israel taxonomy Formulation of an Israeli financial taxonomy system based on the European Union with the aim of providing transparency of economic activities according to their impact on the environment. 2021 FORMULATION OF REFERENCE SCENARIOS FOR STRESS TESTS Formulating reference scenarios for potential climate change ramifications, physical risks. The scenarios will be used to carry out stress tests to assess the stability of the banking system. 2021 21 During the past decade, a trend in the world can be seen for integrating climate risks in financial decision making processes. In Israel as well, we are promoting these considerations through two central avenues: A. Contact with the financial regulators with the intent of enhancing the financial environmental regulation to meet existing, and underway, standards and criteria in the leading economies of the world. There is emphasis on the European Union, as in recent years they have taken a leading position in the field through the development of progressive regulatory policy. B. Build databases, with regard to climate risks, and carry out processes for making them accessible to the financial sector (and to the public at large), in order to incorporate climate considerations. It is important to note that financial entities worldwide, including Israel, report that the foremost difficulty comes from a lack of sufficient data on the impacts of climate change and on the policy changes developed. Ec on om y w id e Economy wide policy measures Finance - Funding and Investments Area ASSIMILATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES Measure Funding program for new Israeli technologies Key Action Incentivize integration of local technologies in Israel; including a mutual track for pilot projects between the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Innovation Authority with an investment of NIS 15 million each year, and a funding track from the Ministry of Energy with an investment of NIS 35 million. Specific Date 2021 FEASIBILITY IN EARLY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Funding for innovation lab An innovation lab track provided by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Innovation Authority In progress Establishment of a DESERT CLIMATE climate innovation Setting up an international innovation center for climate change with emphasis on the desert In TECHNOLOGIES center for desert environment (DeserTech) and advancing the innovation community progress environment INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Joint international funds Create joint funds with bilateral and multilateral partners to support new climate technologies 2022 22 The opportunity. Realizing the capabilities of Israel for promoting technological innovation to address climate challenges will also provide economic opportunity in international markets: the global market for climate and environmental technologies was estimated at €4.6 trillion in 2020 and is expected to grow to €9.4 trillion in 2030. The challenge. Innovative climate technologies encounter difficulty in the early stages of development before realizing their commercial and business potential. This arena is characterized by market failure, meaning that capital investments in the development of these technologies is expected to give a significant return to the economy but is affected by high short term risks and long-term returns. The Plan. Preparation of a plan, by an inter-ministerial team, to promote innovative climate technologies and examine local technology market characteristics and existing barriers, and recommend appropriate activity. This includes establishing climate technology facilities for test running; boosting R&D in academia and industry as well as advancing funding solutions and risk management mechanisms. Ec on om y w id e Economy wide policy measures Promoting climate innovation and technologies Area Key Action Specific Date MONITORING AND REPORTING ON IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL TARGETS Tracking actual GHG emissions and modeling projections on the scope of expected emissions in target years, taking into consideration the implementation of government policy and other constraints In progress EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIFIC POLICIES Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of policies to reduce GHG emissions In progress OUTLINING GAPS AND PROVIDING RECOMMENDATIONS Consolidate policy recommendations to close gaps in carrying out national climate plan for achieving climate targets, and enhancing effectiveness of implementation plans In progress AREA SPECIFIC ACTION PLANS FOR AN ECONOMY WIDE STRATEGY Coordination and integration of all sectoral action plans into a coherent, effective and comprehensive strategic plan In progress PROMOTING BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP FOR ZERO-EMISSIONS COMMITMENTS Launch of a voluntary platform for businesses, factories, plants, and financial entities to commit to zero emissions; it will provide professional assistance for preparation of zero emissions strategies and implementation plans 2022 23 A national monitoring system that operates according to principles and guidelines of the secretariat of the UNFCCC; the system monitors and supervises the implementation of the national plans and tracks the government's progress in achieving Israel's climate targets. The system also examines the effectiveness of government climate policies and reports annually to the government and to the UNFCCC. Ec on om y w id e Economy wide policy measures Measuring, reporting, verification and integration