Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

1.1 Sustainable Production and • Minimising the consumption of raw materials Consumption - The Circular Economy associated with the production and use of those goods, products and materials, and delivery of Our current linear production and consumption model services. (based on produce, use and dispose) is significantly • Keeping goods, products, and materials in use carbon and resource intensive. An Organisation for for as long as possible thereby further reducing Economic Co-operation and Development study of the consumption of raw materials and impacts four countries’ Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions harmful to the environment. found emissions arising from material management • Extracting the maximum economic value from accounted for between 55% and 65% of national goods, products, and materials by the persons emissions. Ireland’s material consumption is well using them. above the EU average, indicating that there is scope • Recovering and regenerating goods, products and for savings in GHG emissions through maximising the materials at the end of their useful life. efficiency of our material use. We have been making policy progress in advancing We need to move to a more sustainable production sustainability production and consumption objectives and consumption model by changing how we with, for example, the enactment of the Circular consume materials and resources; how we design the Economy and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2022 and products that households and businesses use; and the publication of the Whole-of-Government Circular how we extend the productive life of all goods and Economy Strategy 2022-2023. products in our society and economy. The circular economy offers an alternative to today’s linear (‘take- make-waste’) model of production and consumption. This involves: 7 1 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 One of the important areas of the economy that In practical terms, when using sustainable public can play a key role in helping Ireland to become a procurement public bodies seek to achieve an more resource-efficient and circular economy is appropriate balance of the three pillars of sustainable Green Public Procurement. In Ireland public bodies development – economic, social, and environmental – (excluding utilities) spend an estimated €18.5 billion at all stages of the procurement process. a year on goods, services and works1. This provides Ireland’s public sector with significant influence to Green Public Procurement (GPP) is defined as: a stimulate and actively encourage the provision of process whereby public bodies seek to procure goods, more resource-efficient, low carbon, less polluting services and works with a reduced environmental impact goods, services and works across the public sector. throughout their life cycle when compared to goods, services and works with the same primary function that The Whole-of-Government Circular Economy would otherwise be procured3. Strategy published in December 2021, emphasises that public procurement policies can be an important GPP can be used to address a wide range of contributor to the circular transition and demonstrate environmental, climate and energy issues such as: Government’s commitment to supporting green purchasing and improved availability and affordability • Reducing GHG emissions, for example through of sustainable goods and services. the purchase of goods and services with a lower carbon footprint throughout their life-cycle.

1.2 United Nations Sustainable • Improving energy efficiency. • Requiring the use of goods that meet the highest Development Goal 12 – Ireland’s environmental standards. Commitment • Addressing resource use, for example by In 2015, UN member countries adopted ‘Transforming choosing goods, which are more efficient from Our World’, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable an environmental perspective and implementing Development. Integral to the 2030 Agenda are the environmentally conscious design principles in 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Each of line with circular economy best practice. the goals has a number of sub-targets for a total of • Improving air, water and reducing noise, for 169 targets across the 17 goals which cover three example by requiring suppliers to use goods with dimensions of sustainable development; economic appropriate eco-design standards. growth, social inclusion and the protection of the • Reducing soil and water pollution, and impact on environment. biodiversity, for example by controlling chemicals and limiting the use of hazardous substances. Goal 12 of the UN SDGs deals with responsible • Eliminating or reducing waste, for example consumption and production, one aspect of which by specifying processes or packaging which – target 12.7 – aims to: Promote public procurement generates less waste, or by encouraging reuse practices that are sustainable, in accordance with and recycling of materials. national policies and priorities. • Optimising water use, for example through choosing more water-efficient fittings. Ireland is committed to achieving the SDGs • Making agriculture more sustainable, for example and information on Ireland’s approach for by purchasing organically produced food. implementation of the SDGs is set out in the Second • Supporting afforestation, for example through National Implementation Plan for the Sustainable the purchase of wood and wood products from Development Goals 2022-20242. legally harvested and sustainably managed forests.

1.3 Green Public Procurement as a vehicle for Climate Action, Energy Efficiency, Importantly, GPP can act as a useful channel for raising environmental awareness for those involved Environmental Protection, and our in public procurement by identifying greener options transition towards a Circular Economy and/or more sustainable goods, services and works. Sustainable public procurement, which incorporates green public procurement and socially responsible GPP is also about influencing the supplier market. By public procurement, achieves value for money on a promoting and using GPP more systematically, public whole life-cycle basis in terms of generating benefits bodies can provide industry with real incentives for not only to the purchasing entity, but also to society developing green technologies, and more sustainable more generally and the economy, whilst significantly products. In some sectors, public bodies command reducing negative impacts on the environment. In a significant share of the market (for example, many jurisdictions, sustainable public procurement public transport and construction, health services is incorporated into a broader sustainability strategy and education) and so their spending decisions to aid public bodies in addressing the UN SDGs. potentially have considerable impact and leverage in 1. https://www.gov.ie/en/collection/06f1e-procurement-reform-annual-reports/ 2. https://www.gov.ie/en/policy-information/ff4201-17-sustainable-development-goals/?referrer=http://www.gov.ie/sdgs/ 3. Communication from the European Commission, Public Procurement for a Better Environment, COM (2008), July 2008 8 1 terms of setting GPP standards. Introducing ‘green’ 1.4 Ireland’s commitment on Green tendering criteria, including related contract clauses, Public Procurement can therefore not only influence the marketplace but incentivise new suppliers of environmental Green Tenders – An Action Plan on Green Public technologies and products to tender. Procurement, published in 2012, was the first action plan on GPP in Ireland. Significant changes in GPP also has the potential to deliver wider economic climate policy have occurred since then and actions benefits where significant savings can be made over on GPP have featured prominently in more recent the whole life cycle of a purchase both for public Government policies and documents. This new GPP bodies and for society in general. For example, use of Strategy and Action Plan has been prepared against more energy efficient ICT equipment will lead to cost the background of significant changes in climate, savings in energy use. energy, sustainability, and procurement policies in the intervening period. Over time, a clear Government strategy on GPP will create more demand for greener products and Government Circular 20/2019 instructs Government services which will potentially increase competition as Departments to consider including green criteria a result of new entrants to the marketplace therefore in public procurement processes in circumstances potentially reduce prices. where clearly defined, quantifiable, verifiable and measurable criteria have been developed and are Featuring as a key component in the Climate Action relevant to the specific procurement process. In Plan in terms of Public Sector climate action, GPP September 2021, the Environmental Protection is one of the ways in which public bodies can help Agency (EPA) published Green Public Procurement: to shape a transition to a Circular Economy, and Guidance for the Public Sector and GPP guidance to help meet the 2030 legally binding targets for criteria for ten product/sectoral groups. This follows reducing GHG emissions and improving energy a comprehensive review and update of the original efficiency. By using their purchasing power to guidance that was published in 2014. choose goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact, public sector expenditure can make an important contribution towards national and international sustainability goals. 9 1 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 The Programme for Government (PfG) 2020 “Our • Set out measures to ensure that all procurement Shared Future” sets out that the Government using public funds include green criteria, where will mandate the inclusion of green criteria in all possible. procurements using public funds, to be completed • Support further development of GPP criteria, within three years. enhance GPP knowledge and expertise and facilitate Ireland’s participation in international Following a government decision to review Green collective efforts to use GPP as a lever for Tenders, the Department of the Environment, Climate sustainable production and consumption, and; and Communications (DECC), as the lead Government • Support market conditions needed to deliver department in developing Ireland’s GPP policy, is sustainable and innovative solutions for GPP. publishing a new GPP Strategy and Action Plan which will cover the period 2024-2027. Preparation This GPP Strategy and Action Plan are intended to of a new GPP Strategy and Action Plan is also a reflect key step changes in EU energy and climate commitment in the Climate Action Plan 2023. policy that have occurred over the last number of years. Underpinning this GPP Strategy and Action The key objectives of this GPP Strategy are to: Plan is an acute awareness that the systematic deployment of GPP criteria across the public • Enhance GPP as a key tool for the Public Sector sector can contribute in a meaningful way to the in helping Ireland’s transition to a sustainable, achievement of Ireland’s climate and energy efficiency circular and low carbon economy. targets, in addition to contributing to sustainability at • Ensure GPP is a core and integral component of a more global level. the public procurement process and associated governance structures in Ireland. 10 1 The PfG commits to evaluating and managing of key actions, particularly in the context of their the environmental, economic, and social impacts responsibility for developing National GPP guidance of procurement strategies within the State. This and criteria. includes developing and implementing a sustainable procurement policy. Sustainable public procurement Public sector bodies are responsible for resourcing is a wider concept than GPP that also includes a social the implementation of their key GPP commitments dimension. The social component of sustainable and obligations. In terms of funding sources to public procurement is not the focus of this GPP support new GPP initiatives (e.g., pilot projects), the Strategy and Action Plan. Such an integrated Circular Economy Fund that has been established approach that addresses both GPP and social under the Circular Economy and Miscellaneous considerations will form part of a Sustainable Public Provisions Act 2022 will be considered for such Procurement Strategy to be delivered at a future date. purposes. Other funding streams will also be availed of for certain activities including, for example, The DECC is the lead Government Department research and innovation funding schemes. in developing Ireland’s GPP Strategy and Action Plan, and in the coordination and review of its Appendix I lists the actions to be undertaken over the implementation. The Office of Government period of the strategy, the key organisations involved Procurement (OGP) which has responsibility for in their delivery, and the timeline for implementation. procurement policy and procedures for the public Appendix II lists specific targets for key sector and sector, will have an important role in delivering product categories. Appendix III sets out suggested a number of key actions included in the GPP minimum GPP criteria for goods or services where Strategy and Action Plan. The EPA will also have no applicable national or EU guidance or criteria are a key operational role in implementing a number available yet. 11 2 Public Procurement in Ireland – Context Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 2 Public Procurement in Ireland – Context

2.1 EU and National Procurement which they implement GPP provided the procurement Legislation rules and EU Treaty principles are respected. Further information on legislation relevant to procurement The rationale for the EU public procurement regime is set out in Section 2 of the EPA’s GPP Guidance for is to support the internal market and to ensure the the Public Sector. free movement of goods, services and works within the EU. This is reflected in primary EU law where the EU Treaty on the Functioning of the European 2.2 National Public Procurement Policy Union promotes the fundamental principles of non- Framework discrimination, free movement of goods and services The National Public Procurement Policy Framework and freedom of establishment. These principles sets out the overarching policy framework for are reinforced in EU law where the EU Directives public procurement in Ireland5. The National Public on public procurement set out precise rules and Procurement Policy Framework consists of five procedures designed to ensure equal treatment, strands: mutual recognition, proportionality, and transparency in the awarding of public contracts. • Legislation (National regulations transporting EU The EU Directives are: Directives). • Government Policy (Circulars). • The EU Directive (2014/24/EU) on public • Capital Works Management Framework (CWMF) procurement for public works. • The Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) on • General Procurement Guidelines for Goods and procurement by entities operating in the water, Services. energy, transport, and postal service sectors • More detailed technical guidelines, template • Directive 2014/23/EU on the award of documentation and information notes as issued Concession Contracts periodically by the Policy Unit of the OGP. • The Defence and Security Directive (2009/81/ EC) The OGP, which is a Division of the Department • Directives 1989/665/EC, 2007/66/EC and of Public Expenditure, NDP Delivery and Reform, 92/13/EC on Remedies commenced operations in 2014 and, together with Health, Defence, Education and Local Government To create a level playing field for all businesses sectors has responsibility for sourcing common goods across Europe, EU law sets out minimum harmonised and services on behalf of the public service. public procurement rules for contracts valued over a In addition, the OGP has responsibility for determined value threshold. These rules govern the procurement policy and procedures for the entire way public bodies and utility operators (including public sector. Through the central purchasing model, Ireland’s Commercial Semi-State companies) purchase the public service speaks with ‘one voice’ to the goods, works and services. The rules are set out market for each category of expenditure covered by in five EU Directives. For tenders of lower value, the Central Purchasing Bodies (CPBs), eliminating national rules apply that also must respect the general duplication and taking advantage of the economies of principles of EU law. scale of public procurement to best effect. This model has led over time to a shift from a decentralised The EU Procurement Directives were transposed into to a centralised model of procurement for sixteen Irish Law by way of national Regulations contained in categories of spending. a number of Statutory Instruments4. Across the EU, GPP is a voluntary policy instrument, which means that Member States can determine the extent to 4. S.I. No. 284 of 2016 – European Union (Award of Public Authority Contracts) Regulations 2016. S.I. No. 286 of 2016 – European Union (Award of Contracts by Utility Undertakings) Regulations 2016. S.I. No. 203 of 2017 – European Union (Award of Concession Contracts) Regulations 2017. S.I. No. 62 of 2012 – European Union (Award of Contracts relating to Defence and Security) Regulations 2012. S.I. No. 130 of 2010 – European Communities (Public Authorities’ Contract) (Review Procedures) Regulations 2010 ((and as amended 2015 and 2017). S.I. No. 131 of 2010 – European Communities (Award of Contracts by Utility Undertakings) (Review Procedures) Regulations 2010 S.I. No. 326 of 2017 – European Union (Award of Concession Contracts) (Review Procedures) Regulations 2017 5. Office of Government Procurement, National Public Procurement Policy Framework, November 2019. 13 2 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 The OGP shapes the future of public procurement by: 2.3 Procurement Governance The Corporate Governance Standard for the Civil • Putting in place procurement solutions to meet Service is used by each Department and Office to public service needs. guide the development of their individual governance • Securing value for money for the Exchequer. frameworks8. Departments and Offices should publish • Providing policy advice, guidance, and training. their governance arrangements in accordance with • Providing procurement systems such as eTenders. the principles set out in the Standard. The Standard • Analysing procurement data. includes reference to compliance with Procurement • Focusing on green and social procurement. Directives. For certain categories of goods and services, the The Code of Practice for the Governance of State OGP establishes Framework Agreements (FWAs) Bodies provides a framework for the application and Dynamic Purchasing Systems (DPS) for use by of best practice in corporate governance by both public service bodies. The OGP facilitates mini- commercial and non-commercial State bodies. State competitions under these FWAs and enables other bodies and their subsidiaries are required to confirm call-off mechanisms such as direct drawdown, to their relevant Minister that they comply with the cascade and rotation. Some FWAs allow contracting Code in their governance practices and procedures. authorities run their own mini-competitions. The Code identifies procurement as one of several Individual contracting authorities are accountable and activities requiring special attention, including having a responsible for any contracts awarded from an OGP Corporate Procurement Plan9. FWA or DPS. Government policy is that public bodies, where possible, should make use of all such central The OGP has produced Public Procurement Guidelines arrangements6. Where public bodies do not use for Goods and Services, which are aimed at promoting central procurement frameworks they should be in best practice and consistency of application of the a position to provide a value for money justification. public procurement rules in relation to the purchase of Value for money justifications should take into goods and services above and below the EU contract account the full costs of running a public procurement value thresholds10. The guidelines are dynamic in competition. nature and are subject to amendment and review periodically. These Guidelines were last updated in The PfG tasked the OGP to update all procurement October 2023, with the latest version including a new frameworks in line with green procurement practice section on Sustainable Public Procurement and an over the first three years of the Government’s term. updated section on GPP. This updated section on GPP In line with this commitment, the OGP and its partner explains the importance of including environmental CPBs have been reviewing all central purchasing considerations in procurement in the context of arrangements to identify opportunities to include National GPP and climate policies, and clearly directs green considerations. the procurer to key GPP-specific guidance. By the end of 2022, 156 out of the current 244 Adherence to National GPP policy and public sector arrangements were updated in line with GPP policy7. senior management commitment to GPP should be Additional FWAs will be evaluated for the potential clearly set out in all public bodies’ corporate policies, to include green procurement practices as they are particularly in terms of the scope of procurement renewed or when new FWAs are developed. activities covered, staff training commitments on GPP, how GPP compliance will be monitored, and outcomes It should be noted that it is possible for Public Bodies reported. to include additional GPP award criteria in FWA mini competitions within the parameters allowed for in the Staff should be given adequate time to consider the Framework Request For Tender setting up the FWA. impact of the changes and identify any specific steps which need to be taken on their part (for example A DPS is a completely electronic system which procurement/GPP training). In 2020, the OGP updated may be established by a public body to purchase its Information Note on the Corporate Procurement commonly used goods, works or services that are Plan11, and included references to green public generally available on the market. It is unlikely procurement. The note highlights that a corporate to be suitable for one-off, bespoke and/or highly procurement plan can help align procurement complex requirements. All public bodies, including with priorities and objectives, for example, GPP, CPBs, may set up a DPS. The DPS is more flexible sustainability, innovation, and employment of people in many respects than the use of FWA, particularly in long-term unemployment and people who are as suppliers may join the DPS at any time during its disadvantaged. period of validity, which can be of any reasonable duration. 6. DPER, Circular 16/13 Revision of arrangements concerning the use of Central Contracts put in place by the National Procurement Service. 7. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2023-03-21/359/#:~:text=The%20OGP%20and%20its%20partner,Public%20 Procurement%20(GPP)%20policy 8. Department of Public Expenditure and Reform, Corporate Governance Standard for the Civil Service, April 2019 9. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/0918ef-code-of-practice-for-the-governance-of-state-bodies/ 10. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/c23f5-public-procurement-guidelines-for-goods-and-services/ 11. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/ce1f7-corporate-procurement-plan-december-2020/ 14 2 Organisations can also seek to achieve a sustainable 2.4 Social considerations procurement standard as a way of driving sustainable As mentioned previously, sustainable public procurement within their organisation. ISO procurement is a wider concept than GPP, in that 20400:2017 provides guidance to any organisation, it includes social and economic considerations. independent of their activity or size, on integrating As GPP implementation and social procurement sustainability within procurement, as described in ISO considerations become further developed, it is 26000. It is intended for public and private bodies considered appropriate that a sustainable public involved in, or impacted by, procurement decisions procurement strategy, encompassing both green and and processes. social considerations be prepared.

2.5 Actions Actions Public Procurement Guidelines, Central Purchasing Arrangements, Corporate Procurement Plans A1 The next iteration of the OGP’s Public Procurement Guidelines for Goods and Services to take account of this GPP Strategy and Action Plan and the latest National GPP Guidance and Criteria for the Public Sector. A2 With immediate effect, all future Central Purchasing Arrangements published shall include contract specific GPP criteria, where possible, including minimum environmental/sustainability criteria (refer to Appendix III, for example). Where arrangements allow for a mini-competition to take place, the arrangements shall accommodate the possibility for inclusion of GPP criteria at the mini-competition stage. A3 OGP and partner central purchasing bodies to provide up to date online information on central purchasing arrangements that have included GPP criteria. A4 OGP to amend Goods and Services template RFTs and template contracts to increase awareness, where relevant, of the option to include GPP selection and award criteria and technical specifica- tions, and associated contract performance clauses. A5 All public bodies in updating their corporate policies and strategies, and Corporate Procurement Plans are to set out how they will adhere to GPP Strategy and Action Plan obligations related to their organisation. A6 By end of 2025 all public bodies with an annual public procurement spend (on average over the previous three years) above €200m to assess their procurement processes in order to deliver sustainable procurement in line with ISO 20400:2017. 15 3 The Circular Economy, Bioeconomy, Climate Action and Green Public Procurement Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 3 The Circular Economy, Bioeconomy, Climate Action and Green Public Procurement Under the European Green Deal, the EU has The first Whole-of-Government Circular Economy increased its climate ambition and aims at becoming Strategy published in December 2021 covered the the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. period 2022 and 202312. The Strategy sets out a vision for Ireland’s transition to circularity, explains The revised Energy Efficiency Directive, published the concept of the circular economy, describes what on 20th September 2023, significantly raises the initiatives are already happening, what opportunities EU’s ambition on energy efficiency. It establishes are available, and how Government will drive the ‘energy efficiency first’ as a fundamental principle of changes required. EU energy policy, giving it legal-standing for the first time. The next Circular Economy Strategy is currently being prepared in accordance with the Circular Economy In line with the EU 2020 Circular Economy Action and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2022 and will be Plan, the European Commission will propose published in 2024. It will include targets for several minimum mandatory GPP criteria and targets in sectors of the economy. For instance, targets will sectoral legislation and phase in compulsory reporting cover: to monitor the uptake of GPP without creating unjustified administrative burden for public bodies. • Reductions in material resource consumption and In terms of other EU sectoral legislation and ongoing the use of non-recyclable materials. proposals that will have direct impact in terms of • Increases in the use of re-usable products and accelerating GPP, examples include the new Batteries materials. Regulation, the Sustainable Products Initiative, • Increased levels of repair and re-use of products Construction Products Regulation, Packaging and and materials. Packaging Waste Regulation, Energy Performance of • Improved maintenance and optimised use of Buildings Directive, and the legislative framework for goods, and materials. Sustainable Food Systems. The Strategy must include sectoral targets in

3.1 Circular Economy and relation to: Bioeconomy Policy • construction; The Circular Economy and Miscellaneous Provisions • agriculture; Act 2022 became law in July 2022. This landmark • retail; legislation defines the Circular Economy for the first • packaging; time in Irish domestic law and provides a legal basis • textiles; for many of the actions that the Government will take • electronic equipment. to support the circular transition. The Act represents a robust legislative framework for significantly The Circular Economy and Miscellaneous Provisions improving Ireland’s recycling and re-use rates, and Act 2022 requires that the Circular Economy for reducing the use of a wide range of single-use Strategy promotes the use of criteria relating to the disposable items. In the area of construction, for circular economy in public procurement. After the example, the streamlining of end of waste and next Circular Economy Strategy is adopted, detailed by-product determination processes will support guidance on the application of GPP criteria relating to the procurement and increased use of recycled the circular economy will be developed and published aggregates, and the use of secondary materials over by the EPA. virgin materials. 12. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/b542d-whole-of-government-circular-economy-strategy-2022-2023-living-more-using-less/ 17 3 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 The three Regional Waste Management Planning can reference, or that can be considered for inclusion Lead Authorities have prepared a National Waste in national GPP criteria that is produced by the EPA. Management Plan for a Circular Economy. The Public bodies are encouraged to consider biobased Plan will help accelerate the transition to a circular options as alternatives to products using or requiring economy by influencing sustainable consumption fossil fuels for their production, use, and end of life. through procurement, improving the capture of all wastes, optimising circular potential, and enabling 3.2 Climate Action compliance with policy and legislation. The Plan includes targets on: 3.2.1 Public Sector Leading by Example Ireland’s Climate Action Plan sets out the • Consumption commitment for the public sector to play a leadership • Contamination role in driving far-reaching climate action across its • Reuse buildings, transport, waste, and energy usage. • Repair The public sector emission reduction target is to Ireland’s first National Bioeconomy Action Plan (for reduce its GHG emissions by 51% in 2030. Each 2023-2025) was published in October 202313, and public body has a responsibility to endeavour to reach is aligned with the implementation of the National this target. Public sector bodies’ progress towards Policy Statement on the Bioeconomy, including its this target will be tracked and monitored through vision, guiding principles on sustainability, cascading the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) use, a precautionary approach, a food-first priority, monitoring and reporting system. Every Government and an area-based focus for sustainable development. department is responsible for the bodies under its The Plan calls for support for the development of aegis. Ireland’s bioeconomy under the pillar of Industry and Enterprise, with a specific step seeking to To support public sector bodies leading by example, generate demand for biobased products and biobased a Public Sector Climate Action Mandate applies to materials by encouraging use and awareness-raising bodies covered by public sector decarbonisation of biobased products through GPP. There are a targets, except for Local Authorities, Commercial number of existing tools for developing bio-based Semi-State bodies and the school sector. The criteria for public procurement14 that public bodies mandate must be implemented by those bodies to which it applies. The Department of the Environment, 13. https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/273984/64aa20ef-3907-46fe-a599-73ba208a1edf.pdf#page=null 14. https://www.biobasedconsultancy.com/en 18 3 Box 1: Public Sector Climate Action Mandate – GPP focus Directly related GPP actions already committed to in the Public Sector Climate Action Mandate include the following: • Review any paper-based processes and evaluate the possibilities for digitisation so it becomes the default approach. • Eliminate paper-based processes as far as is practicable. • Where paper must be procured, ensure that recycled paper is the default. • Implement GPP, in line with the EPA GPP Guidance and using GPP criteria search where appropriate. All public bodies shall: - Cease using disposable cups, plates and cutlery from any public sector canteen or closed facility, excluding clinical (i.e., non-canteen healthcare) environments - Specify low carbon construction methods and low carbon cement material as far as practicable for directly procured or supported construction projects from 2023 • The public sector will not install heating systems that use fossil fuels after 2023, in (1) new buildings, and (2) “major renovation” retrofit projects (as defined in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)) unless at least one of a number of specified exceptions apply. • Procure (purchase or lease) only zero-emission vehicles from the end of 2022, enabling Ireland to go beyond the requirements of the EU Directive, amending Directive 2009/33/ EC on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles (EU Directive 2019/1161, the Clean Vehicle Directive) and act as an international leader in this area. An exception applies where the vehicle is exempt under European Communities (Clean and Energy-Efficient Road Transport Vehicles) (Amendment) Regulations (S.I. 381 of 2021). • Public sector procurement contracts for delivery and haulage should specify zero emissions vehicles where possible. Other actions in the Mandate are also relevant to GPP including, for example, promoting shared mobility options, establishing and resourcing green teams that report to senior management, and incorporating appropriate climate action and sustainability training into learning and development strategies for staff. Climate, and Communications will review the Public The Public Sector Climate Action Mandate is Sector Climate Action Mandate annually. The Public supported by a government approved Public Sector Sector Climate Action Mandate is included in the Climate Action Strategy15 (setting out leadership and annual Climate Action Plan. governance structures) and climate action roadmaps produced by public sector bodies (setting out the path The Public Sector Climate Action Mandate requires by which the public sector body will implement the public bodies to show leadership in climate action mandate). Public sector bodies are required to update by taking, and reporting on specified actions related their roadmaps each year, in line with the mandate to targets (for example as regards GHG emission which is reviewed annually. reductions and energy efficiency improvements), people (for example, the setting up of green teams The SEAI and the EPA are responsible for publishing and the appointment of Climate and Sustainability guidance for preparing Climate Action roadmaps. Champions at management board level), collaborative The Climate Action Roadmaps guidance will be ways of working (for example, reporting on the revised annually as necessary in line with any changes implementation of the mandate), and procuring required due to updates to the public sector climate buildings and vehicles (for example, the phasing action mandate. GPP is a key component of the Public out the use of parking where public transport and Sector Climate Action Mandate (see box 1 above). alternative mobility options are available). 15. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/337b6-public-sector-climate-action-mandate/#public-sector-climate-action-strategy 19 3 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

3.2.2 Local Authorities • Demonstrate leadership by example in Ireland’s Every local authority in Ireland signed a Climate transition to a circular economy. Action Charter in 201916. This includes commitments • Engagement with the OGP and other CPBs to use relating to GPP, which are reflected in Delivering procurement frameworks which include relevant Effective Climate Action 203017. environmental considerations. • Set out, in the company’s annual reports, The Climate Action and Low Carbon Development corporate policy on GPP, measures taken to give (Amendment) Act 2021 requires each Local Authority effect to GPP and the data around measuring and to prepare a Local Authority Climate Action Plan for monitoring this activity. its administrative area. Once adopted, each plan will • Consider introducing a plan for the incremental be valid for five years. Local Authority Climate Action growth of GPP. Plan Guidelines have been issued18. • Incorporate circular economy principles in GPP. The four Climate Action Regional Offices (CAROs) The New Economy and Recovery Authority (NewERA) ensure a coordinated approach on climate action monitor the implementation of the commitments across the local authority sector. set out in the Framework and report biannually on progress to the DECC.

3.2.3 Commercial Semi-State Bodies Because of the nature of commercial Semi-State 3.2.4 Schools companies, a separate (climate) framework was The School Energy Retrofit Pathfinder Programme is required which sets out how they could achieve wider paving the way for a much larger national programme public sector goals in relation to climate action. for the decarbonisation of the school sector. Funding from the Climate Action Fund is being provided for The Climate Action Framework for the Commercial photovoltaic panels (up to 6kW output) on up to Semi State Sector was approved by Government 4,000 schools, which will reduce energy costs and in July 202219. The Framework consists of five support the decarbonisation of our school buildings. commitments one of which relates to the circular economy and GPP where the targeted approach In 2023, the Department of Education published includes: the School Sector Climate Action Mandate20, which includes a commitment to implement GPP and the School Sector Technical Climate Action Roadmap 2023 to 2030, both of these will be reviewed annually by the Department of Education.

3.2.5 Actions Actions Circular Economy Strategy, Public Sector Climate Action, Local Authority Sector, Commercial Semi-State Sector A7 EPA to update GPP guidance on the application of GPP criteria relating to the circular economy, taking into account the 2nd Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy. A8 Biobased options to be considered for inclusion in relevant National GPP criteria, where appropri- ate. A9 The GPP Strategy and Action Plan and associated targets to be reflected in the annual review of the Public Sector Climate Action Mandate, where appropriate. A10 Examine options for coordinating action to help progress GPP implementation in the local authority sector. A11 Monitor and report progress of GPP implementation by the Commercial Semi-State sector within the reporting arrangements in place for the Climate Action Framework for that sector. 16. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/d914a-local-authority-climate-action-charter/ 17. https://www.caro.ie/delivering-effective-climate-action-2030/goals-objectives 18. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/f5d51-guidelines-for-local-authority-climate-action-plans/ 19. NewERA, Climate Action Plan 2021 Action 55: Framework for the Commercial Semi-State Sector to address climate action objectives. 20. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/a1673-school-sector-climate-action-mandate/ 20 4 Green Public Procurement – Policy and Guidance 4 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 Green Public Procurement – Policy and Guidance

4.1 Green Tenders – An Action Plan A draft GPP Strategy and Action Plan was made on Public Procurement available for public consultation in September 2023. Green Tenders – An Action Plan on Public Procurement, published in 2012, was the first action 4.2 Government Circular on Green Public plan on GPP in Ireland. This set out 64 actions Procurement with a focus on eight sectors (construction, energy, Circular 20/2019, Promoting the use of Environmental transport, food and catering services, cleaning and Social Considerations in Public Procurement, was products and services, paper, uniforms and other issued to Government departments in October 2019, textiles, and ICT), and a set of overarching key actions and instructed Government departments to consider to embed GPP in public procurement policies and including green criteria in public procurement practices across all sectors. processes21. It introduced reporting on GPP for Government departments only. It also highlighted the In December 2021, a government decision was taken potential of procurement to address wider social aims, to review and update Green Tenders, to provide an for example employment and training opportunities updated and fit for purpose plan for greener public for disadvantaged groups, disability access, promoting sector purchasing. Whilst several actions have social inclusion and social enterprises. progressed (for example the introduction of energy efficiency related regulations), others have been The Climate Action Plan 2019 assigned lead superseded by more recent policy actions, especially responsibility to the EPA for measuring and reporting in relation to climate action. GPP implementation by Government Departments on an annual basis, starting with reference year 2020. In 2022, the DECC carried out a targeted pre- The EPA produced a GPP reporting template that consultation seeking views from Government was issued to all Government departments. Reports departments and bodies under their aegis and other on GPP monitoring and reporting by Government key stakeholders, to help inform the preparation departments were published by the EPA for the of this GPP Strategy and Action Plan. Key aspects reference years 2020 and 202122. The EPA has highlighted from the feedback included: reported a low level of green criteria used in public procurement by Government departments to date • Several organisations who responded have (refer to Section 10.1). incorporated available EPA National GPP guidance into their procurement approach. As GPP policy is evolving, Circular 20/2019 will be • There is a demand for GPP criteria to be updated by a new government circular reflecting produced for sectors where National GPP key actions listed in this GPP Strategy and Action guidance does not currently exist. Plan for the public sector, including GPP reporting • Barriers to GPP implementation include a lack requirements. of education and awareness, perceived costs of ‘green’ products and availability of green goods 4.3 Green Public Procurement Guidance and services. • Tools considered as effective in implementing and Criteria GPP include training, online toolkits, frameworks, In 2014, the EPA published GPP Guidance for the and availability of case studies demonstrating Public Sector accompanied by National GPP criteria GPP practice. for eight sectors, based on the EU GPP criteria. This • Support for considering socially responsible guidance was substantially revised, with a second procurement as well as GPP. edition and national GPP criteria for ten sectors • Suggestions to develop sectoral networks to published in September 202123. The guidance, advance GPP objectives. reflecting legislation and policy in place as of March • Specific GPP reporting and inclusion of GPP 2021, is aimed at procurers in central and local in Annual Reports in terms of monitoring GPP government, state agencies and other public bodies implementation. such as universities, hospitals, and schools. The 21. https://www.gov.ie/en/circular/circular-20-2019/ 22. https://www.epa.ie/our-services/monitoring--assessment/circular-economy/green-public-procurement/ 23. https://www.epa.ie/our-services/monitoring--assessment/circular-economy/green-public-procurement/ 22 4 guidance is also relevant for public bodies covered This sectoral guidance is based on comparable by the Utilities Directive and directly relevant to guidance published by the European Commission potential tenderers as it explains how GPP criteria will with adjustments to reflect the Irish market be applied in practice and what should be included in and relevant national policies. The European tender submissions, in response. Commission, in partnership with the Member States, industry, environmental and social NGOs The main guidance looks at, for example: and other stakeholders, developed GPP criteria for some twenty product and service categories. The • the legal and organisational context for Commission distinguishes between core criteria and implementing GPP in Irish public bodies. comprehensive criteria as follows: • each stage in the procurement process to identify how GPP can be implemented from early market •  Core Criteria are suitable for use by any public engagement through to contract management. body and address the key environmental impacts • explanation of the process and thinking behind of each product or service, including basic legal the GPP criteria proposed for each sector, compliance. They are designed to be used with including an analysis of the main environmental minimal additional verification effort or cost impacts associated with each product and service increases. group, and an overview of how these have been •  Comprehensive Criteria are for public bodies who addressed in the criteria developed at EU level aim to purchase products with enhanced levels of and for Ireland. environmental performance. These may require additional verification effort or a slight increase The main EPA GPP guidance is currently accompanied in the purchase price compared to other products by detailed guidance criteria for the following ten with the same functionality. priority product/sectors: The GPP criteria developed by the EPA are the • Road Transport Vehicles and Services National GPP criteria to be used by public sector • ICT Product and Services procurement and specifiers in Ireland. Any sector • Food and Catering Services specific GPP related criteria being developed • Cleaning Products and Services nationally by other public bodies should be • Office Building Design, Construction and incorporated into the National GPP criteria where Management appropriate. Public sector bodies and other key • Lighting stakeholders including suppliers should provide • Heating Equipment feedback into the development and update of • Energy related products National GPP criteria via relevant consultation • Paper Products and Printing Services processes. • Textiles

4.4 Green Public Procurement Criteria The sectors were chosen on the basis of public Search sector spend and associated environmental impact, availability and suitability of criteria at EU level, and In 2022, the OGP led the development of GPP their potential contribution to Ireland’s emission Criteria Search 24, an online search tool to facilitate reduction, energy-efficiency and waste targets. The ease of use of the Irish GPP criteria published by main environmental impacts associated with each the EPA. In just a few clicks, the user can find, select of these product and service groups, and the way in from, and download the criteria relevant for specific which the GPP criteria address them, are outlined in procurements, along with an appropriate method of Section 5 of the main EPA GPP Guidance. The EPA verification, for a wide range of products and services. is carrying out a review of the 2021 GPP guidance It was developed in collaboration with the EPA and and criteria sets, and new National GPP criteria for the DECC and partially funded by the Public Service furniture are also currently under development. Innovation Fund. The OGP, EPA and the DECC are actively promoting this tool and the Climate Action The criteria are designed to be inserted directly into Plan 2023 commits to promoting the use of the GPP tenders and contracts and are accompanied by notes Criteria Search tool in the public sector. on the relevant legislation, standards and labels in each sector, and information on how the criteria can be evaluated and verified. 24. https://gppcriteria.gov.ie/ 23 4 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

4.5 Actions Actions Government Circular 20/2019, National GPP Guidance Criteria, GPP Criteria Search A12 The OGP to replace Circular 20/2019 to include updated instructions to Government departments and the public sector regarding new GPP obligations included in the GPP Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027. A13 The National GPP guidance and criteria to be examined annually to determine the need to update, having regard to new policy, legislation and EU GPP guidance, and the practical experience of public bodies applying the current guidance. Further guidance to be developed within the National GPP guidance document on the principles of proportionality and equal treatment in the application of GPP criteria. Public sector bodies, the OGP, central purchasing bodies and other key stakeholders to provide input into the updating process via relevant consultation processes. A14 New National GPP criteria to be developed by the EPA, taking into consideration existing EU GPP criteria which are not yet published as national criteria, with a priority focus on criteria linked to national climate, energy and circular economy policy. National GPP criteria to be developed in the short to medium term to include: • Buildings (updated criteria) • Furniture • Paints, varnishes and road markings GPP criteria development for other key product groups will also be considered. A15 Sector specific GPP related criteria that is developed by public bodies (e.g., for energy related products, construction related) are to be incorporated into the National GPP criteria that is prepared by the EPA, where considered appropriate. Such new criteria shall be notified to the GPP Action Plan Task Force. A16 OGP to update, maintain and develop GPP Criteria Search when new or updated National GPP criteria become available. This includes continuing to respond to Feedback sent through the website. A17 All public bodies to actively promote the use of GPP Criteria Search within their organisations and include this commitment in their Corporate Procurement Plans. 24 5 Green Public Procurement – Key Principles and Rules 5 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 Green Public Procurement – Key Principles and Rules

5.1 Applying Green Public Procurement reference to technical standards and certifications Criteria and other means of proof should be relied on to support the provision of GPP-aligned solutions. Such There are several important aspects of procurement specifications require to be objectively verifiable and that public bodies should continue to observe relate to the subject-matter of the contract. Third when considering the application of GPP criteria in party labels (such as EU Ecolabels) can be referred to tendering processes. These include, for example; in technical specifications provided they are inter alia directly linked to the subject matter of the contract • Equal Treatment and are based on objectively verifiable and non- • Non-Discrimination discriminatory criteria. • Proportionality • Transparency b) Selection Criteria • Mutual Recognition Public bodies have several options in setting GPP- based selection criteria, which in most cases should be In particular, the inclusion of GPP criteria must be assessed on a Pass/Fail basis. Suppliers could be asked, linked to the subject matter of the contract. Also for example, to provide: refer to the EPA GPP Guidance including Section 4.1 regarding the basic principles of Public Procurement. • References where environmental and sustainable considerations were used in the delivery of public In requiring contractors (and sub-contractors) or comparable private contracts. to submit the European Single Procurement • Details (by way of a CV) of the environmental Document (ESPD) with their tender submissions, expertise, experience and qualifications of the they self-declare that they comply with prevailing resources named to deliver the contract. environmental, labour, and social legislation. If • Samples of sustainable products. suppliers are found to be in breach of environmental • ISO environment, energy and/or product legislation, their tender submission should be standards that are minimum requirements. declared non-compliant. A self-declaration should • Conformity assessment third party certificates. be accepted in the first instance, however further evidence may be required at any time to ensure the proper conduct of the procedure. c) Award Criteria Where they can be linked to the subject matter of Public bodies should be aware of the following in the contract, GPP award criteria can be applied, as preparing tender documents and should also refer to appropriate. The National GPP criteria give public the National GPP Guidance for the Public Sector: bodies a wide range of options when it comes to setting award criteria. Typically, at least 5% of the award marks could be allocated to GPP award criteria: a) Technical Specifications rising to 10% or higher, as considered appropriate Public bodies can use technical specifications and proportionate, should the project, for example, for goods, services and works as a mechanism have the potential of securing significant GHG to promote the provision of environmentally emission reductions and improved energy efficiency compliant solutions to meet their requirements and performance. such specifications should be proportionate in all situations. d) Contracts Technical specifications must be written in a manner To ensure that GPP commitments are respected in which is non-discriminatory, which affords equal the delivery of contract, it is vital to include robust access to tenderers and does not create unjustified contract performance terms and conditions: while barriers to competition. Public bodies should refer always ensuring that these terms and conditions to available National and EU GPP guidance in setting are linked to the subject matter of the contract. technical specifications based on GPP principles The National GPP guidance provide express (with reference to the essential characteristics of the recommendations as to how contract performing supplies, services and works being procured). Specific clauses can be inserted into public bodies’ template contracts. 26 6 Accelerating Green Public Procurement Implementation 6 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 Accelerating Green Public Procurement Implementation

6.1 The Green Public Procurement works being procured will have a reduced impact on Implementation Mandate the environment. GPP criteria can be included in the procurement process; The Programme for Government ‘Our Shared Future’ includes commitments to progress GPP • When defining the subject matter of the contract. objectives such as mandating the inclusion of GPP • As technical specifications, which have an criteria in all procurements using public funds, to be environmental dimension. completed within three years of the lifetime of the • In the selection criteria such as the technical or Government. The Climate Action Plan 2021 includes professional ability of the tenderer. an action to mandate the inclusion of green criteria • In the award criteria. in all procurements using public funds, introducing • In the application of Life-Cycle Costing. requirements on a phased basis, and providing • In contract performance or management clauses. appropriate support to procurers. GPP Principle 2a: When inserting GPP Criteria, This GPP Strategy and Action Plan commits to the overall target that all public bodies include GPP use National GPP criteria for goods, services or criteria in all tender competitions using public funds, works, where available. where possible. All public bodies that are procuring goods, services or works for which National GPP criteria is available The following principles shall be adhered to by all must include GPP criteria from such guidance in public bodies that are using public funds as part of published tender documentation, where appropriate their procurement processes25. and proportionate. Currently National GPP criteria are available for the following sectors. GPP Principle 1: Consider environmental • Road Transport Vehicles and Services sustainability when assessing need. • ICT Product and Services When public bodies are considering procuring goods, • Food and Catering Services services or works, environmental sustainability must • Cleaning Products and Services be an intrinsic part of the needs assessment process, • Office Building Design, Construction and business case where appropriate, and prior to and Management a decision to procure being taken. Reducing overall • Lighting consumption of resources is the single most effective • Heating Equipment environmental action public bodies and individuals • Energy Related products can take. Consideration should be given to: • Paper Products and Printing Services • Textiles • Avoiding unnecessary purchases. • Re-thinking how the demand can be met in a way As new or updated National GPP guidance and criteria that requires fewer or better value goods to be become available, such guidance and criteria must be purchased. used. • Considering resource sharing, reuse or repair options. • Building flexibility into contracts and frameworks GPP Principle 2b: Use GPP criteria from other so that the nature and volume of supply best sources where no National GPP sectoral GPP reflects changing and future needs. criteria is available. Where National GPP criteria are not available, use GPP Principle 2: Insert GPP criteria in published GPP criteria from other sources (for example, EU GPP tender documentation. criteria), best practices available from other countries, When public bodies decide to procure goods, or using existing guidance to incorporate sustainability services or works, GPP criteria, especially technical into specific procurement projects26. In addition criteria specifications, where possible, must be included in can augment national GPP criteria that is already published tender documentation. The purpose of the being used. GPP criteria is to ensure that the product, service, or 25. The GPP Principles also apply to Commercial Semi-State Bodies where public funds are being used in procurement processes. 26. Refer also to section 4.6 of Opportunities and approaches for Sustainable Public Procurement: A reference for public procurement practitioners and policy makers in relation to using existing guidance to incorporate sustainability into your procurement projects 28 6 GPP Principle 2c: Use ‘Minimum Sustainability/ cannot already provide a solution. There are three key Environmental Criteria’ where no national, EU phases to this procedure – the tendering phase, the GPP criteria or other guidance for the goods, collaborative development phase, and the commercial services or works being procured are available. phase for the delivery of the final goods, services, or There are scenarios where GPP criteria may works. The innovation partnership has been used by not be available, fully developed, have yet to be contracting authorities across Europe to find green, incorporated into OGP/CPB arrangements, or social, and digital solutions27. A Quick Guide28 on the the approach described under GPP Principle 2b procedure was developed by practitioners for the may not be considered possible for a specific European Commission, and more detailed guidance, procurement project. In such cases Public Bodies including managing Intellectual Property Rights, is should still endeavour to include criteria that will also available29. reduce the impact on the environment. To facilitate this approach, suggested Minimum Sustainability/ GPP Principle 3: Comply or Explain. Environmental Criteria are provided in Appendix III. Having regard to the actions set out in the GPP This approach should only be used as a last resort. Strategy and Action Plan (to be communicated by a Refer also to the National GPP Guidance which Circular that replaces DPER Circular 20/2019), public includes information regarding GPP in contracts for bodies that do not include GPP criteria in published Professional Services, for example. tender documentation in accordance with Principle 2a, must provide justified reasons for not including GPP Principle 2d: Consideration should be such criteria in an annual report. given to using an innovative procurement procedure or the innovation partnership to find goods, services, or works to address a specific environmental need that cannot be otherwise met. The innovation partnership is a procedure that allows for the combination of research, innovation and procurement, in circumstances where the market 27. European Commission (2022) Study on the Innovation Partnership, available at https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/growth/items/753394/en 28. European Commission (2021) Innovation Partnership: Quick Guide from Practitioners https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/47178 29. For more information, including guidance on innovation in procurement, see https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/ tools-public-buyers/innovation-procurement_en 29 6 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 Figure 1 - GPP Implementation Mandate 1 Needs Assessment Build flexibility into contracts to allow Rethink how demand regular review of Avoid unnecessary can be met (e.g., needs and to help purchases resource sharing or avoid unnecessary reuse or repair options) consumption of resources. Decision to undertake Public Procurement - Insert GPP Criteria 2 Insert GPP criteria in published public procurement tender documentation for all individual procurement spend above applicable public procurement thresholds. Include GPP criteria from national GPP guidance and criteria in published public procurement tender documentation. Use https://gppcriteria.gov.ie/ Use GPP criteria from other sources (e.g., EU GPP criteria) where national GPP criteria is not available or where such criteria can augment national GPP criteria that is already being used. Use ‘Minimum Environmental Criteria’ where no suitable national, EU GPP criteria or other specific GPP guidance is available. Consider the use of an innovative procurement procedure or the innovation partnership to find goods, services, or works that meet your needs. 3 If GPP criteria are not included in procurement Comply or where National GPP criteria are available, reasons Explain for not including green criteria must be provided. 30 6

6.2 Actions Actions The GPP Mandate from the publication date of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan • Public sector bodies where the individual procurement spend using public funds is above EU procurement thresholds30 • Government departments where the individual procurement spend is above applicable national procurement thresholds31 A18 From the publication date of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan, all public bodies to include GPP criteria in all tender documents, where possible, in accordance with the GPP Implementation Mandate set out in the GPP Strategy and Action Plan (Figure 1). The GPP Mandate from 2025 • Public sector bodies where the individual procurement spend using public funds is above applicable national procurement thresholds A19 From 2025, all public bodies to include GPP criteria in all tender documents, where possible, in accordance with the GPP Implementation Mandate set out in the GPP Strategy and Action Plan (Figure 1). 30. See https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/3c1e1-thresholds/ 31. The threshold above which contracting authorities are required to advertise all contracts for goods and services is now €50,000 (exclusive of VAT) and €200,000 for works (exclusive of VAT). 31 7 Sectoral Focus and Green Public Procurement Targets Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 7 Sectoral Focus and Green Public Procurement Targets In parallel with accelerating implementation of GPP and to achieving significant improvements in energy in sectors, particularly where National GPP guidance efficiency performance. and criteria is available, there needs to be a priority focus on sectors of the economy that have potentially To report their annual energy efficiency and a greater environmental impact and where GPP greenhouse gas emissions performance data, over can play a critical role in assisting public bodies 99% of public bodies and 79% of schools are using meet emission reduction obligations and general the online energy monitoring and reporting (M&R) sustainability objectives. system developed by the SEAI and the DECC. The SEAI’s Annual Report 2022 on Public Sector Energy To facilitate placing a priority focus on GPP in Performance33 finds that efficiency gains are being public bodies, initial targets have been specified for achieved through the implementation of thousands products and services included in this section (see of diverse projects, ranging from structured energy also Appendix II). Targets will be updated or new management, building and facility upgrades, retrofits, targets will be developed over the term of the GPP changes in transportation, better energy procurement Strategy as, for example, climate, energy and climate and through behavioural change in organisations. action policy further develops, and further data becomes available for certain sectors. Such targets 7.1.1 Climate Action Plan Commitments will be communicated to public bodies by way of Key Climate Action Plan targets and commitments Government Circulars and/or climate or circular relating to the built environment where GPP, in the economy policy action, for example. Public bodies construction design phase in particular, can play an should establish systems to measure and monitor integral role include: procurement in order to track progress in achieving the targets. • All new dwellings designed and constructed to Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standard by

7.1 The Built Environment 2025 and Zero Emission Building (ZEB) standard Collectively, buildings in the EU are responsible by 2030. for 40% of energy consumption, and 36% of GHG • Equivalent of 120,000 dwellings retrofitted to emissions32. BER B2, or cost optimal equivalent by 2025, and 500,000 dwellings by 2030. In 2022, the built environment, which comprises • 170,000 new dwellings using heat pumps by the residential, public and commercial sectors, 2025 and 280,000 by 2030. accounted for 11.1% of Ireland’s GHG emissions. • 45,000 existing dwellings using heat pumps by Sectoral Emissions Ceilings have been set for each 2025, and 400,000 by 2030. of the sectors of the economy that contribute to the • Prepare and Implement Public Sector Building national GHG emissions profile, including the Built Stock Plans and continue the phasing out of fossil Environment (residential and commercial/public fuels. services). • Support the delivery of emissions savings of 375 Kt CO2 in public (and commercial) buildings and There are between 12,500 and 13,700 buildings by 735 Kt CO2 by 2030. in the public sector, including about 4,600 school • Promote and support building automation buildings and 1,000 buildings in the Commercial and control optimisation and smart building Semi-State Sector. They consumed 2,191 GWh of technologies to increase energy efficiency and thermal energy (heating) in 2019, 99% of which monitoring. was from fossil fuels. Altogether they account for • All new buildings designed and constructed to about half of public sector energy consumption and NZEB standard and using renewable energy associated GHG emissions. GPP can play a key part sources. in reducing the use of fossil fuels in public buildings 32. https://commission.europa.eu/news/focus-energy-efficiency-buildings-2020-02-17_en 33. https://www.seai.ie/business-and-public-sector/public-sector/monitoring-and-reporting/public-sector-results/ 33 7 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

7.1.2 Public Procurement of Works buildings from 1st January 2030, and this requirement The procurement of a works project, both may be included in the Preliminary Project Brief, construction and civil, is complex and includes a where appropriate. number of discrete stages as set out in the OGP’s Capital Works Management Framework. It is critical 2. Engagement of Consultants and that environmental considerations such as energy Detailed Design efficiency, whole life GHG emissions, energy use, The Preliminary Project Brief is issued to the water efficiency, specification for low carbon consultants (for example, architects or civil engineers) materials are incorporated into the project at the to guide the development of the Definitive Project appropriate time to ensure the final delivery provides Brief. The consultant will be expected to meet the the optimal result in respect of energy efficiency and specifications set out in the Preliminary Project Brief carbon footprint. but will have flexibility to develop the design to maximise the environmental aspects, explaining the In terms of specifying the requirements for a works reasons behind such decisions, where appropriate and project, there are three key stages: subject to agreement of the public body. 1. Preliminary Project Brief 3. Public Works Contract The preliminary project brief is developed by the The contractor is then appointed to deliver the public body which sets out the output specifications project as specified in the Definitive Project Brief. (for example, size, scale, location, local constraints, Value engineering options within the Public Works environmental considerations, type of service to be Contract can facilitate further environmental benefits delivered). It is at this stage that compliance with which the contractor may identify. environmental regulations and Government policy can be specified including, for example, energy It is critical, therefore, that environmental consumption, carbon footprint (both the construction specifications and GPP criteria are set out by the phase and the operating stage), type of materials to public body at the preliminary design stage to ensure be considered for use. In accordance with the draft their incorporation in the definitive design and final Energy Performance of Buildings Directive disclosure output. This will allow consultants and contractors of whole life GWP in Building Energy Rating to meet policy targets and objectives and exceed Certificates will be required for all new buildings statutory requirements, where feasible and allow over 1000m2 from 1st January 2028 and for all new public bodies to demonstrate leadership in “greening” public works. 34 7

7.1.3 GPP Criteria for Buildings authorities, SEAI and Approved Housing Bodies) to Setting GPP criteria for the design, construction, use sustainable building techniques and sustainable renovation, retrofitting, demolition, and construction products, including those certified under management of buildings can potentially deliver the Construction Products Regulation. major environmental, climate and energy efficiency benefits. By investing in buildings and associated The EU is in the process of developing updated GPP technical systems that have lower environmental criteria for buildings. Following publication of the impacts, public bodies can make an important and EU updated GPP criteria for buildings, the EPA will real contribution to reduce the direct environmental prepare updated National GPP criteria for buildings. impacts and GHG emissions resulting from their activities. Moreover, by promoting and using GPP In the meantime, public bodies should include GPP for buildings, public bodies can provide industry with criteria for works where National GPP guidance real incentives for developing green technologies relevant to construction is available, notably: and products. It is important to note that resource efficiency including achieving energy efficiency • Office building design, construction, and objectives in the construction sector begins with the management34 design phase. • Heating equipment35 • Indoor and outdoor lighting36 In terms of retrofitting, where public bodies tender for the contractors to carry out retrofitting that is Public bodies should also consider, where appropriate supported by the Exchequer, every effort should be and proportional, including GPP criteria in works made to include GPP criteria in the tender documents tenders for the following based on EU GPP criteria at preliminary design stage where possible. Also as follows: where grants are provided to beneficiaries (and in the event where procurement rules apply), contractors • Road design, construction, and maintenance37 (including One Stop Shops) should be proactively • Wastewater infrastructure encouraged by public bodies (including local 34. https://www.epa.ie/publications/circular-economy/resources/EPA_GPP_Criteria_Office_2023_06.pdf 35. https://www.epa.ie/publications/circular-economy/resources/EPA_GPP_Criteria_Heating_2022_03.pdf 36. https://www.epa.ie/publications/circular-economy/resources/EPA_GPP_Criteria_Lighting_2022_03.pdf 37. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/pdf/GPP%20criteria%20Roads%20(2016)%20203.pdf 35 7 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 The Irish Green Building Council has guidance and For works not covered by EU or National GPP criteria, information on the implementation of circularity, including works projects covered by the CWMF, whole life carbon and life cycle costing in public public bodies are to include the following in the construction projects38. In addition, guidance and preliminary project brief where appropriate (e.g., standards used in other countries are available that selection, technical, award criteria, where relevant): public bodies may consider. Examples include. Building environmental assessment methods •  • Denmark’s National Strategy for Sustainable The recently agreed Energy Performance Construction39 of Buildings Directive that sets out details • QualitEE Procurement Handbook for Energy for calculating the life-cycle global warming efficiency Services40 potential requires that the data selection, • World Green Building Council sustainable scenario definition and calculations shall be building certifications41 carried out in accordance with the European • United Kingdom Buying Standards for Standard “EN 15978:2011 Sustainability of construction projects and buildings42 construction works. Assessment of environmental performance of buildings”. The scope of building

7.1.4 Capital Works Management Framework elements and technical equipment is as defined The Capital Works Management Framework (CWMF), in the Directive as the Level(s) common EU managed by the OGP, has been developed to deliver framework which Ireland intends to adopt as its the Government’s objectives in relation to public calculation framework. Data regarding specific sector construction procurement reform. It consists construction products calculated in accordance of a suite of best practice guidance, standard with Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the contracts and generic template documents that form European Parliament and of the Council (revised the four pillars that support the procurement of public Construction Products Regulation) shall be used works contracts. when available. 38. https://www.igbc.ie/resources/gpp-handbook/ 39. https://im.dk/Media/637602217765946554/National_Strategy_for_Sustainable_Construktion.pdf 40. https://qualitee.eu/publications/procurement-handbook-for-energy-efficiency-services/ 41. https://worldgbc.org/sustainable-building-certifications/ 42. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sustainable-procurement-gbs-for-construction-projects 43. https://www.carescertification.com/certification-schemes/sustainable-constructional-steel 44. E.g. See https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/10b28-eu-timber-regulation-forest-law-enforcement-governance-and-trade- flegt/ https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/forests/deforestation/regulation-deforestation-free-products_en 36 7 • Timber procurement, sustainability, housing and the education Require evidence that all timber or wood and skills agenda. products are sourced in compliance with applicable legislation44. Tenderers must provide The Home Performance Index is an IGBC initiative information on the operators or the traders who which aims to provide a label for quality sustainable will supply the timber or timber products used in residential development, by examining the home under the construction. several performance indicators that effect daily lives46. • Site Waste Management 7.1.6 Cement Waste arising during construction and The cement and construction sectors are separate renovation, excluding demolition waste, shall activities but are highly interdependent. Cement be less than or equal to eleven tonnes per production contributes 5% of Ireland’s total GHG 100m2 gross internal floor area. A site waste emissions. The State across all its activities is management plan shall be prepared prior to a significant market participant in terms of the the commencement of work on-site and shall construction sector and is a key demand-side entity establish systems for the separate collection of that can effectively signal and drive a shift toward low materials on-site for re-use, recycling, and other carbon cement products. forms of recovery. The Climate Action Plan 2021 and 2023 identified the • Construction and Demolition Waste need to decrease embodied carbon in construction Specify adherence with the EPA’s Best Practice materials. Key elements outlined in the Climate Guidelines for the preparation of resource and Action Plan 2021 designed to facilitate cement and waste management plans for construction and construction sector evolution include: demolition projects45. • Facilitating the use of alternative fuels and non- • Building Energy Systems recyclable wastes in cement kilns. The following systems shall be designed, • Prioritising longer-life and lower-carbon installed, and commissioned in conformance with cement blends in public works (Green Public the applicable specifications: Procurement) • Facilitating and promoting the development and • Heating, cooling, and ventilation (HVAC) use of alternative construction materials and • Low and zero carbon energy technologies techniques, using a performance-based approach. • Building Energy Management System (BEMS) • Extensive retrofitting programme and • Lighting control prioritisation of brownfield and compact development

7.1.5 Residential Housing As part of the Housing for All (HfA) plan, the DETE has established a Cement and Construction Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment Sector Decarbonisation Working Group to develop (DETE) is working to promote construction sector actions necessary to reduce embodied carbon in the innovation and productivity, including the adoption construction sector. of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) (an umbrella term used to capture a range of innovative The Climate Action Plan 2023 includes the following construction processes like panelised housing or targets/commitments: 3D volumetric/modular pods), to help in the faster delivery of high-quality (compliant), environmentally • Decrease embodied carbon in construction sustainable, and more-affordable housing. In this materials produced and used in Ireland by at least regard, DETE chairs a cross-departmental and cross- 30% by 2030. agency MMC Leadership and Integration Group • Public bodies leading by example, shall specify to drive the development and greater adoption of low carbon construction methods and low carbon MMC in residential construction. The Group brings cement material as far as practicable for directly together policymakers relevant to the success of the procured or supported construction projects from construction sector including on innovation, public 2023. 45. https://www.epa.ie/publications/circular-economy/resources/CDWasteGuidelines.pdf 46. https://homeperformanceindex.ie/what-is-home-performance-index/ 37 7 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 • Prepare and submit to Government a public • A definition of deep renovation and the procurement policy to facilitate public bodies introduction of building renovation passports. incorporating the principle of low carbon • Modernisation of buildings and their systems, construction methods and materials and whole and better energy system integration (for heating, life-cycle analysis approaches in all publicly cooling, ventilation, charging of electric vehicles, procured projects. renewable energy). Public procurement will play a significant role in the 7.1.8 Construction Products wider adoption of low carbon building practices and From 1st July 2013, under the Construction Products materials. Given the significant procurement role of Regulation (CPR) (EU) No 305/2011, CE marking is the State in construction, the intention is that public mandatory for all construction products placed on bodies will in future specify low carbon construction the market in the European Economic Area and it is methods and low carbon cement or concrete covered by a harmonised European product standard standards and other building materials in directly or a European Technical Assessment. These CE marks procured or supported construction projects. This are used by manufacturers of products which are not should be set out in the Preliminary Project Brief. covered by a harmonised European standard but who still wish their products to be CE marked. DETE’s Working Group intends to provide the The CPR aims to ensure that reliable performance- Government with a recommended approach to related data is made available, by means of specifying low carbon cement or concrete products in Declarations of Performance, in relation to public procurement, including measures to ensure a construction products being placed on the European consistent approach by public bodies. market.

7.1.7 Energy Performance of Buildings The proposal for a revised EU Regulation for the In December 2021, the European Commission marketing of construction products will have a proposed a revision of the Energy Performance of significant impact in terms of progressing GHG Buildings Directive (EPBD)47. It proposes important emission reduction objectives48. According to the amendments to the existing regulatory framework proposal the manufacturers will be required to draw reflecting higher ambitions and more pressing needs up a Declaration of Performance and a Declaration in climate and social action, while providing Member of Conformity for their construction products. States with the flexibility needed to consider the Manufacturers will have to deliver environmental differences in the building stock across Europe. information about the life-cycle of their products. The main measures in the new proposal are: Other obligations will include: • The gradual introduction of minimum energy • Respect minimum recycled content obligations performance standards to trigger renovation of and other limit values regarding aspects of the worst performing buildings. environmental sustainability. • A new standard for new buildings and a more • Give preference to recyclable materials and ambitious vision for buildings to be zero- materials gained from recycling. emission. • Make available, in product databases, instructions • Enhanced long-term renovation strategies, to be for use and repair of the products. renamed national Building Renovation Plans. • Design products in such a way that re-use, • Increased reliability, quality, and digitalisation of remanufacturing and recycling are facilitated. Energy Performance Certificates; with energy performance classes to be based on common criteria. 47. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings/energy-performance-buildings-directive_en 48. Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products, amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Regulation (EU) 305/2011, COM (2022) final, March 2022. 38 7

7.1.9 Actions Actions The Built Environment A20 By the end of 2025, Capital Works Management Framework to include reference to available guidance, that is in accordance with the EPBD, using CPR data where available and EN 15978, as appropriate, for public bodies on inclusion of low carbon construction related components and sustainable building processes, and reference to GPP criteria related to construction, including National GPP Guidance and Criteria, where appropriate. Examine how implementation of GPP can be reported as part of other key reporting (e.g., project spend) at the project close stage (e.g., Stage 4 of the Capital Works Management Framework). A21 In line with the Public Sector Climate Action Mandate all public bodies shall specify low carbon construction methods and low carbon cement material as far as practicable for directly procured or supported construction projects from 2023. Public bodies must include specifications for low carbon construction related components and sustainable building processes in accordance with EPBD, using CPR data where available and EN 15978, and reference to GPP criteria related to construction, including National GPP guidance, where appropriate in the Preliminary Project Brief. In addition, whole life cycle analysis in accordance with EN 15978, where appropriate, shall be used to inform the design of building projects over 1,000 m2 to ensure life cycle GWP is optimised at the building level and to facilitate declarations of embodied carbon for inclusion in the BER/EPC of buildings completed after 31 December 2027. A22 Life Cycle Costing to be used by all public bodies for all works contracts as defined by the Capital Works Management Framework. A23 For the procurement of low carbon cement material, public bodies and beneficiaries of grant (Exchequer) to implement construction related technical guidance, once established by the relevant body. Sectoral Target 1 T1 From 2025, a minimum proportion of construction materials procured by public bodies under new contract arrangements comprise recycled materials49. 49. This target will be updated following further data analysis, and publication of the 2nd Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy which will include sectoral targets in relation to the construction sector. 39 7 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

7.2 Food Procurement and Action to Tackle In order to deliver on the stated ambition, from the Food Waste publication of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan, a minimum of 10% of food purchased via public In 2019, a new seven-year strategy for the procurement must be certified organic in accordance development of the Irish organic food sector was with Regulation (EU) 2018/848 and as set out published50. The objective of the strategy is to under Sectoral Target 2 below. The level of seasonal develop a viable organic food sector in Ireland products should also be included as a key criteria in producing a wide range of organic products to meet public sector procurement of food. the ever increasing domestic and export markets opportunities. A new strategy for the period 2025- The Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy52 2030 is currently being developed and is expected to commits to working with the public sector and public be published in Q2 2024. A key element of the new procurement specialists to ensure public bodies are strategy is expected to be the use of GPP. There has supported in their efforts to prevent food waste and been a strong uptake in the Organic Farming Scheme manage unavoidable waste through green public in recent years which has seen the area farmed procurement. organically trebling since 2020. The National GPP Criteria for Food and Catering Ireland’s Climate Action Plan sets a target of 10% Services include a GPP approach that, for example, of utilisable land area to be farmed organically includes a focus on sustainable and organic food by 2030. EU policymakers and international production methods, reduced energy and waste experts acknowledge the critical contribution that consumption in kitchens, reduced impact of food the purchasing power of national authorities in transport, packaging and storage, and food waste food makes to the development of sustainable prevention as part of public procurement of food and consumption and production. Ireland’s government catering services. can play a crucial role in helping to support organic farming. The recent Report of the Citizens’ Assembly Ireland is committed to reducing food waste by 50% on Biodiversity Loss included in Recommendation by 2030 in line with the United Nations Sustainable 81 that the State must support organic farming and Development Goals. The National Food Waste locally grown produce: “Sufficient resources must be Prevention Roadmap 2023-202553, published deployed to support an ambitious implementation of in November 2022, aims to support this goal by Ireland’s Strategy for the Development of the Organic setting out several priority actions, including public Sector for the period 2019 to 2025, to ensure a more procurement, to bring the focus on food waste supportive environment for the development of organic prevention, across key sectors in the food supply food and farming in Ireland and for subsequent policies chain, together in a coherent manner. A focus area of relating to the medium to long-term development of the food waste prevention includes looking at the role of sector”. the public sector in tackling food waste by improving procurement practices. Across the EU there are already a number of examples in Member States and regions where efforts The Public Sector Climate Action Mandate includes are being made to increase the use of organic food a requirement for public sector bodies to cease using in public procurement contracts51. These examples disposable cups, plates and cutlery from any public show the huge potential for the further development sector canteen or closed facility, excluding clinical of organic farming in Ireland, which can increase the (i.e., non-canteen healthcare) environments. sustainability of farming and improve EU citizens experience and understanding of healthy eating. 49. This target will be updated following further data analysis, and publication of the 2nd Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy which will include sectoral targets in relation to the construction sector. 50. https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/101045/c4a42921-2530-470b-bda3-ac87229c53aa.pdf#page=null 51. See for example, The Danish Model The Organic Way: https://agricultureandfood.dk/danish-agriculture-and-food/organic-farming & https://oes.dk/media/39012/strategi-for-groenne-indkoeb-engelsk.pdf 52. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/4221c-waste-action-plan-for-a-circular-economy/ 53. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/824c3-national-food-waste-prevention-roadmap-2023-2025/ 40 7

7.2.1.1 Action Action Food Procurement and Food Waste Prevention A24 Update Central Purchasing Arrangements to include specific GPP criteria related to organic food procurement and food waste prevention. Sectoral Target 2 T2 From the date of publication of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan a minimum of 10% by value (€) of food sought by public sector bodies under new contract arrangements (including via contractors such as canteen service providers), is to be certified organic in each of the following categories of Cereals, fresh Beef, Lamb, Pork, Poultry, Fish, Vegetables and Dairy products, where possible. Sectoral Target 3 T3 From 2025, 100% of new contract arrangements related to canteen or food services to include measures that are targeted at addressing food waste, with a specific focus on food waste prevention, taking into account Ireland’s commitment to reduce food waste by 50% by 2030, and food waste segregation. Sectoral Target 4 T4 From 2024, 100% of new contract arrangements related to canteen or food services (including food services for public sector organised conferences) to cease using disposable/single use cups, plates and cutlery from any public sector canteen, closed facility, and public sector organised conferences, excluding clinical (i.e., non-canteen healthcare) environments.

7.3 ICT Procurement Criteria for ICT Products and Services include an The ICT sector is currently responsible for more than approach that includes, for example, a focus on 2% of global GHG emissions and this percentage is energy efficiency, products that are free of hazardous growing54. In addition, the ICT sector is dependent substances or which contain minimal amounts that on a wide range of rare minerals whose mining, are considered safe, extended lifespan, durability, production and waste phases have a very negative battery endurance and electrical performance, impact on the environment. The National GPP interoperability, reusability, and recycling. Sectoral Target 5 T5 By 2025, a minimum of 80% of ICT end user products (desktop computers, portable computers and mobile phones) procured by public sector bodies under new contract arrangements are certified to EPEAT Gold Standard (or equivalent), TCO Certified (or equivalent) or will have been remanufactured. 54. https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/programmes/sustainable-public-procurement/ict 41 7 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

7.4 Textiles The EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles56 European consumption of textiles has the fourth proposes actions for the entire lifecycle of textiles highest impact on the environment and climate products, while supporting the ecosystem in the change, after food, housing, and mobility55. It is the green and digital transitions. It addresses the way third sector for higher use of water and land use, textiles are designed and consumed, including by and fifth for the use of primary raw materials and looking also at sustainable technological solutions and GHG emissions. The primary environmental impacts innovative business models. In 2024, the DECC will associated with textiles arise from the production and develop a roadmap for improved circularity in textiles. processing of raw materials, including the application of pesticides, chemicals and dyes, energy, and water The EPA’s National GPP Criteria for Textile Products use in the production process. Secondary impacts and Services include, for example, a focus on textiles arise during the use phase, particularly if fabrics made from fibres that contain recycled materials, that require special care or cleaning (e.g., washing at high use fewer and less harmful substances and chemicals, temperatures) or must be frequently replaced due to have reduced energy consumption impacts, are more low durability, poor colour fastness or shrinkage. durable, in addition to the approach of using contract services that minimise energy use, maintain textile and maximise potential for reuse and recycling of textiles. Sectoral Target 6 T6 By 2027, polyester fibre products procured by public sector bodies under new contract arrangements must be manufactured using a minimum recycled content of 20%, where possible and proportionate.

7.5 Paper Products and Printing Services • Reduce emissions to water, air and soil during the Global paper consumption amounts to some 400 production process. million tonnes per year, a quarter of which is consumed • Promote energy-efficient production of paper in Europe. Production and use of paper products has a products. heavy environmental footprint, including: • Reduce environmental damage or risks linked to hazardous chemicals. • Forest destruction, loss of biodiversity and • Promote responsible waste management for climate change effects from unsustainable timber paper and stationery products. harvesting. • Emissions to air and water during pulp and paper In December 2021, the Government approved a production, conversion, and printing. requirement for Government and public Bodies to • Energy consumption during pulp and paper procure recycled paper as the default, signalling production, conversion, and printing. public sector leadership on sustainable purchasing. • Water consumption during pulp and paper production. The Public Sector Climate Action Mandate 2023 • Landfill due to failure to recycle paper products, includes a requirement to: especially where products also contain non-paper elements, • Review any paper-based processes and evaluate the possibilities for digitisation so it becomes the The National GPP Criteria for Paper Products and default approach. Printing Services aim to: • Eliminate paper-based processes as far as is practicable. • Safeguard forests by ensuring paper products • Where paper must be procured, ensure that come from legally and sustainably harvested recycled paper is the default. timber. • Promote the appropriate use of recycled paper products. 55. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/textiles-and-the-environment-the 56. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/publications/textiles-strategy_en 42 7 Sectoral Target 7 T7 From May 2024, where office paper for printing and photocopying must be procured, 100% of the paper must be recycled paper.

7.6 Energy Related Products, Heating poor durability, and longevity, in addition to end-of-life Equipment, Indoor and Outdoor Lighting impacts from product disposal and replacement. Energy related products, heating equipment, indoor The National GPP Criteria for these products include a and outdoor lighting have potential negative impacts GPP approach that, for example, focuses on products in relation to energy consumption, air pollutant and that have reduced impacts in relation to the above. GHG emissions, noise emissions, water consumption, Sectoral Target 8 T8 From January 2025, 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of energy related products, heating equipment, or indoor and outdoor lighting to include a requirement for tenderers to specify recommendations and options for the product, when the product or components of the product comes to the end of life, that consider environmental sustainability, including options for reuse, repair, and recycling. Sectoral Target 9 T9 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of heating systems to not install heating systems that use fossil fuels, in (1) new buildings, and (2) “major renovation” retrofit projects (as defined in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)) subject to exceptions as specified in the Public Sector Climate Action Plan Mandate 2023. 43 7 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

7.7 Indoor Cleaning Services Criteria for Indoor Cleaning Services includes a GPP There are potential environmental impacts associated approach that focuses on, for example, reduction with indoor cleaning services such as during the in product usage and packaging by environmentally manufacturing, transport and disposal of cleaning conscious cleaning methods, use of cleaning products supplies and packaging, emissions linked to chemicals with ecolabels, accessories and consumables with in cleaning products, energy and water consumption lower environmental impact and training of staff in and sorting for waste treatment. The National GPP water and waste management. Sectoral Target 10 T10 From January 2025, 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of indoor cleaning services to include a requirement for tenderers to specify the training that will be put in place to ensure that all staff involved in delivery of the contract have the knowledge and skills to apply cleaning methods, which will reduce the environmental impact of the services.

7.8 Road Transport Vehicles and Services The National GPP Criteria for Road Transport Vehicles The transport sector has been the fastest growing and Services includes a GPP approach that focuses source of GHG emissions in Ireland over the past on, for example, maximum carbon emissions for cars three decades, showing a 112% increase between and vans, low or zero-emission technologies for heavy 1990 and 2021, representing 15.7% of total GHG duty vehicles, tyre pressure monitors and rolling emissions in 2021. As well as GHG and air pollutant resistance of tyres, minimum energy efficiency for emissions, other key environmental impacts include electric cars and minimum battery warranties. noise pollution and potential impacts associated with waste disposal. The Public Sector Climate Action Mandate 2023 includes a requirement to procure (purchase or lease) Promoting cleaner, safer, and more sustainable only zero-emission vehicles from the end of 2022, mobility is critical for climate policy, and it also and public sector procurement contracts for delivery represents an opportunity to improve our health, and haulage should specify zero emissions vehicles boost the quality of our lives, meet the needs of our where possible. growing urban centres, and connect our rural, urban, and suburban communities. Sectoral Target 11 T11 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of vehicles to procure zero emissions vehicles only, subject to exceptions as specified in the Public Sector Climate Action Plan Mandate 2023. 57. https://greenandsocial.virtualeventspace.io/ 58. https://crni.ie/re-mark/ 59. Availability of used or repaired goods will be informed by the national network to support and scale reuse and repair in Ireland that has been established by the EPA. 44 7

7.9 Social Enterprises and Community paint reuse and recycling; events, education, and Based Organisations workshops. Supporting social enterprises in terms of building a circular economy is an important Social enterprises and community-based component of GPP. organisations play an important role in advancing GPP objectives particularly in relation to circular ReMark is a quality mark developed and piloted by procurement and promoting reuse and repair. A new CRNI58. The ReMark was specifically designed to Green and Social Virtual Trade Fair was launched by address negative consumer perceptions about the Community Resources Network Ireland (CRNI), with quality and safety of reused or repaired goods by support of the Regional Waste Management Plan improving the standard of service and customer Offices in 2022. This innovative virtual platform57 experience with reuse organisations, demonstrating gives visitors the opportunity to explore green to the public the commitment to quality, highlighting and social procurement opportunities provided by the social and environmental benefits of the goods reuse, repair and recycling social enterprises and and driving demand. community-based organisations across Ireland. The virtual platform includes categories such as The EPA is facilitating a national network to support furniture upcycling and office fit outs; bike donations, and scale reuse and repair in Ireland. Its initial focus upcycling, and repair; reducing food and drink will be on supporting reuse and repair by consumers. waste; recycling electrical and electronic equipment; Opportunities to support reuse and repair practices in reducing plastic waste; specialist social recycling procurement by the public sector will be explored. and repair schemes, textile reuse and upcycling,

7.9.1 Actions Actions Social Enterprise and Community Based Organisations A25 Support capacity building in social enterprises and community-based initiatives that promote GPP and circular procurement. Support awareness of social enterprises and community-based GPP initiatives such as via GPP training provided by public sector training bodies. A26 Government Departments to capture data in their annual reports regarding tenders awarded to social enterprises, voluntary and community organisations where GPP criteria have been applied. A27 Examine mechanisms to support reuse and repair activity in Ireland using GPP. Sectoral Target 12 T12 By end of 2027, where possible and available, a minimum proportion of annual procurement by public sector bodies shall include used or repaired goods or materials59. 45 8 Green Public Procurement Verification Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 8 Green Public Procurement Verification Compliance with GPP criteria should be put to the which are referred to in the GPP criteria, are ‘Type test at the tender evaluation stage. Tenderers make I’ or ISO 14024. Type I ecolabels have underlying environmental claims in their submissions about criteria set by an independent body, are based on their products and services, often with reference to life-cycle analysis and are monitored by a certification a growing list of standards, certification schemes and and auditing process. As such they are a highly labels. transparent and reliable source of information about the environmental characteristics of a product or The National GPP criteria include verification service. provisions that, for example, request the submission of evidence where a specific ecolabel or product As outlined in the EPA’s GPP guidance, EU Ecolabels certification, or equivalent is referenced. National may be used in two different ways as part of GPP Criteria helps to ensure capability of verification procurement: with reference to available tests and standards. Refer to the National GPP Guidance for the Public Sector • To define technical specifications, award criteria for guidance on understanding the different types of or contract performance clauses; and evidence. • To verify compliance with technical specifications, award criteria and contract clauses.

8.1 The EU Ecolabel The 2014 Procurement Directives allow public bodies The 2014 EU Directive to make reference to one or more specific ecolabels, on Public Procurement provided the labels are appropriate to define the (Article 43) specifies the characteristics of the goods or services being characteristics of labels and purchased, and: the requirements for labels to be used in public procurement. • the requirements for the label are drawn up on Label requirements have to be based on objectively the basis of scientific information; verifiable and non-discriminatory criteria. • the label requirements are adopted using a procedure in which all stakeholders, such as The EU Ecolabel is the official EU voluntary label government bodies, consumers, manufacturers, for environmental excellence60. Established in 1992, distributors and environmental organisations can and recognised across Europe and worldwide, the participate; and EU Ecolabel certifies products with a guaranteed, • they are accessible to all interested parties. independently verified low environmental impact. To be awarded the EU Ecolabel, goods and services Most Type I ecolabels will meet these requirements, should meet high environmental standards although they may also contain requirements throughout their entire life cycle: from raw material which are not specific to the product or service extraction through production and distribution to being purchased, such as general management disposal. The label also encourages companies to requirements. For this reason, it is important to develop innovative products that are durable, easy to always review the criteria/specifications underlying repair and recyclable. a given ecolabel (which should be freely available online) prior to referring to it in tender documents. Through the EU Ecolabel, and some 88,000 are in The EPA’s GPP sectoral guidance identifies where place, suppliers can offer true and reliable eco- the EU Ecolabel or other international ecolabels are friendly alternatives to conventional products, available. Where reference is made to a particular empowering public bodies to make informed choices ecolabel, equivalent labels or evidence must also in setting sustainable procurement criteria. be accepted. A wide range of ecolabels exist, however the ones which are of greatest use for procurement, and 60. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/circular-economy/eu-ecolabel-home_en 47 8 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

8.2 Certificates assessment including GHG emissions (where a nominal Certificates may be granted by a public or cost is assigned to these). The shadow price of carbon independent regulatory authority, or by a should also be a key consideration when applying LCC. private industry body. Companies operating an environmental management system, for example, will According to the 2014 EU Directive on Public receive a certificate (for example, ISO 14001, EMAS). Procurement (Article 68) LCC shall cover parts or all Public bodies should request essential evidentiary the following costs over the lifecycle of a product, documents, or equivalent, from the preferred service or works: tenderer prior to contract award. • Costs borne by the contracting authority or other users, such as costs relating to acquisition, costs

8.3 Environmental Product Declarations of use, maintenance costs, end of life costs. Requiring Environmental Product Declarations • Costs imputed to environmental externalities (EPDs) as part of a tender’s technical specifications linked to the product, service or works during is good practice. EPDs are particularly used in the its life cycle, provided their monetary value construction sector. They are based on life-cycle can be determined and verified; such costs may analysis and include information about a range of include the cost of GHGs and of other pollutant environmental impacts in addition to quantifying emissions and other climate change mitigation carbon footprint impacts. In Europe, EPDs must costs. conform to the standard EN 15804. Product Category Rules (PCRs) determine the information to While a number of different methodologies are be included and methodology, so that EPDs enable available and appropriate for different sectors, the comparison between products fulfilling the same most important considerations are the transparency function. Further information about EPDs is available with which the methodology is presented, the ability on the website of the Irish Green Building Council. of tenderers to provide the information requested, EcoPlatform is a machine-readable digitised database and the ability of the public body to assess and verify of EPDs from across Europe. the costs.

8.4 Self-Declaration and Test Reports LCC may not be suitable for every contract, but it can In some cases, objectively verified third-party play a key role in making a business case for the use evidence may not be considered essential or may of GPP criteria in sectors where upfront costs may not be available. In these cases, a signed self- be higher. For example, lighting, vehicles or heating declaration, for example regarding compliance with equipment. environmental regulations, may be relied upon. A technical dossier is another form of self-declaration, LCC should be used both at the planning stages of but one which provides detailed technical information procurement and when assessing tendered costs. At about manufacturing processes or the contents of a planning stages, the methodology should be identified product, for example. and the period over which costs will be assessed identified, as well as the discount rate for any future Third party certified test reports may provide costs (if applicable). This will allow public bodies to evidence regarding the performance of a product or a identify the information which will be needed from specific aspect of its production. For example, when tenderers in their submissions. purchasing vehicles test reports may be requested both in relation to the declared emission levels of the In 2019, the European Commission made LCC tools vehicle and the durability of individual components. available that are specifically designed for public Public bodies should request essential evidentiary procurement61. Each of these tools offers the optional documents from the preferred tenderer prior to possibility to include environmental external costs contract award. in the form of the costs of GHG emissions from the energy consumption of the product.

8.5 Life-Cycle Costing The tools are accompanied by detailed user guides. At the award stage, the cost of a tender is usually one The spreadsheets are designed to be included directly of the most influential factors. In order to accurately in the tender documents with tenderers completing assess the costs of an asset, Life-Cycle Costing (LCC) the relevant fields. Where LCC is suitable, the National should be applied wherever significant costs will arise GPP criteria provides an explanation as to the within the lifetime of the product or service which are recommended methodology to be used. not reflected in the purchase price. As outlined in the National GPP Guidance for the Public Sector, LCC can The UNEP Guide on Sustainable Procurement for range from a relatively simple calculation of energy the UN System provides guidance on products and or fuel consumption, time to replacement and end- services that are best suited for Whole Life Costing of-life costs/revenues, through to a more complex in procurement decisions62. 61. Currently, specific LCC tools exist for computers and monitors, imaging equipment, indoor lighting, outdoor lighting, and vending machines. More information is available at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/lcc.htm 62. https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/sites/default/files/from-crm/bfabw_final_web_1.pdf 48 9 Green Public Procurement Training and Awareness 9 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 Green Public Procurement Training and Awareness There is an onus on every public body to ensure that information on GPP and sustainable public officials engaged in procurement are fully familiar procurement case studies. The OGP has published with the relevant EU and national rules and are a Sustainable Public Procurement reference, compliant with these rules when performing a ‘Opportunities and approaches for Sustainable Public procurement function. Procurement’, which is aimed at policymakers and public procurement practitioners64. Training and awareness on GPP for staff with a procurement role is essential in order to facilitate 9.1.1 Local Authority Climate Action Training better understanding of GPP and its benefits, and to A Local Authority Climate Action Training Programme provide the tools and know how when setting out to is being delivered to develop the capacities and include GPP criteria in procurement. skillsets of local authority staff in relation to climate action. The Programme is made up of six tailored

9.1 Government and Public Sector GPP programmes targeted at various roles and functions Training and Awareness across local authorities and includes GPP. Training is coordinated by the Local Authority Services National The EPA funded the development and delivery of GPP Training Group (LASNTG) in collaboration with the training to over 200 public sector procurers from over CAROs. a hundred different organisations between 2020 and 2023. Training supports on GPP for suppliers have

9.1.2 GPP Queries also been developed by the EPA. The Climate Action In 2010, the European Commission set up a helpdesk Plan 2023 commits that GPP training will be provided on GPP as one of the means for supporting public for public sector bodies including local authorities. authorities to green their purchasing decisions65. While GPP training has been made available to many public bodies, organisations should identify The main aim of the helpdesk is to provide timely and bespoke training needs with a priority focus on accurate answers to stakeholders’ enquiries, and to needs assessment and applying GPP criteria that are promote and disseminate information on GPP. relevant to their own organisations. A commitment to delivering GPP training should be included in The OGP has a dedicated helpdesk66 committed to all public bodies’ corporate policies and strategies providing a user-friendly, high-quality service to its and included in the Public Sector Climate Action customers. The OGP will continue to respond to roadmaps. general queries from public bodies related to GPP (e.g., respond to feedback received via GPP Criteria The OGP has brought together information and Search). knowhow for procurement practitioners across the breadth of sustainable public procurement (incorporating both green and socially responsible 9.1.3 SEAI Energy Link public procurement) in one place63. This includes The SEAI’s Energy Link is a portal for people involved in public sector energy management in Ireland, who 63. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/64b9a-sustainable-public-procurement/ 64. https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/6ce4e-minister-of-state-smyth-welcomes-sustainable-public-procurement-publication-from-the-ogp/ 65. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/helpdesk.htm 66. support@ogp.gov.ie 50 9 have an interest in energy and environmental issues, and stakeholders interested in implementing to share and exchange knowledge and experience67. energy related GPP in public tenders. It is especially This includes a communications portal for energy targeted at procurement personnel and those related GPP to share and exchange energy efficiency preparing tenders for procuring energy related goods, information, GPP knowledge, ideas, queries, and equipment, services, and facilities. experience. It is open to public sector personnel

9.2 Actions Actions GPP Training and Awareness A28 Engage with civil service and public sector training providers regarding the inclusion of GPP in their general procurement training and education courses. A29 All public bodies to set out (e.g., within public sector Climate Action roadmaps) and fulfil annual staff training commitments in relation to GPP with a priority focus on key goods/services/works applicable to those organisations. A30 OGP to continue to respond to general queries from public bodies related to GPP (e.g., respond to feedback received via GPP Criteria Search). A31 OGP to regularly update its Sustainable Public Procurement reference68 that includes links to international, European Union, and national guidance and other resources related to GPP. A32 Examine options for coordinating GPP training for the local authority sector. 67. https://energylink.seai.ie/ 68. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/48f69-opportunities-and-approaches-for-sustainable-public-procurement/ 51 10 Green Public Procurement Monitoring and Reporting Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 Green Public Procurement Monitoring and Reporting Monitoring and evaluation of GPP is under 10.2 SEAI Monitoring and Reporting consideration at EU level and has been referenced Since 2010, public bodies have been required to in the EU Green Deal. While at present there is report on their energy usage and actions taken to no standardised reporting system in place at EU reduce consumption. There are two key obligations level, best practice examples from exemplar GPP for public bodies: regions show that any monitoring system should include a record of the number and value of tenders • A requirement (under SI 426 of 2014) to report and/or awarded contracts which included GPP energy management and performance data criteria. Reporting in relation to GPP is necessary to directly to SEAI each year to track progress demonstrate compliance with mandates in relation to towards the targets. GPP implementation. • A requirement to publish an annual statement on energy performance. This statement must The Department of Public Expenditure and Reform describe the actions public bodies are taking, or (D/PER) Circular 20/2019 states that: have taken, to improve its energy efficiency and an assessment of the energy savings arising from • starting with the 2020 Annual Report (the report those actions. that will be published in 2021, covering the activities of 2020), each Department must report For the 2021 reporting cycle, for example, 348 public annually on its green public procurement. bodies and 3,669 schools were requested to report data to SEAI.

10.1 EPA Reporting The EPA, in co-operation with the DECC, and the The SEAI is re-developing the monitoring and OGP, has developed a reporting template GPP reporting process, as well as enhancing the online Monitoring and Reporting Template for Government system, to meet the requirement to track 2030 public Departments to facilitate the reporting on GPP. The sector targets as set out in the Climate Action Plan reporting template includes the ten priority sectors 2023. The system will be able to provide a platform listed in the EPA’s 2021 GPP Guidance for the Public for public bodies to track their energy performance Sector document and sets out questions to capture and their carbon footprint, among other reporting quantitative and qualitative information on GPP requirements. implementation. To date, the EPA has published reports on GPP Monitoring and Reporting by 10.3 Procurement eForms Government Departments for the reference years In public procurement, eForms refer to digital 2020 and 202169. For 2021, the EPA reported that procurement notices already used by public buyers only 24% of the total number of contracts valued at when advertising procurement competitions and €25,000 and above included GPP criteria. It should their results. Implementation of a new set of eForms be noted that while there have been national criteria is currently underway. This is central to the digital in place since 2014, the current National GPP criteria transformation of public procurement nationally and were published in September 2021. The next EPA across the EU. New eForms70, must be used in all reporting cycle, for the reference year 2022, will above EU threshold competitions subject to national be the first to provide ‘whole-year’ data where the Regulations and the Classical, Utilities, Concessions current National GPP criteria were available to and Defence Directives. The OGP is responsible for Departments. developing national policy on the adoption of the new eForms and their technical implementation on the national tendering platform, eTenders. As with the standard notices currently in use, the new eForms include Prior Information Notices, Contract Notices, Contract Award Notices, Contract Modification Notices and Voluntary Ex-Ante Transparency Notices. 69. https://www.epa.ie/our-services/monitoring--assessment/circular-economy/green-public-procurement/ 70. COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2022/2303 of 24 November 2022 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1780 establishing standard forms for the publication of notices in the field of public procurement. 53 10 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 In terms of content, there are some differences to procure goods, services and works with the aim to between the existing standard notices and the new reduce the environmental impact throughout their eForms. The most important of which pertain to life cycle. Fields related to Clean Vehicles Directive, the introduction of new mandatory data entry fields Zero Emission Vehicles and Clean Vehicles are also related to: included. • strategic public procurement, namely GPP, the 10.4 Expanding Public Sector GPP procurement of innovation and the promotion of Monitoring and Reporting social objectives in public contracts. • the use of accessibility criteria for people with Procurement is significant across the entire public disabilities. sector and not just at Government department level. • the procurement of clean vehicles. Therefore, there is a need to establish a broader • SME participation in public procurement. reporting mechanism across the public sector to track implementation of GPP in a uniform and coordinated Fields dedicated to GPP included in the new manner. eForms require buyers to indicate the inclusion (or otherwise) of established GPP criteria in their tender The Climate Action Plan 2023 contains a commitment documentation, and if their tender includes a process to annual monitoring and reporting on GPP being continued by Government departments and that 54 10 reporting structures will be identified, and reporting Considering its access to eTenders data, the OGP will guidelines developed for public bodies. establish an appropriate mechanism for capturing To deliver on this commitment the GPP Strategy GPP data from eTenders and reporting on GPP and Action Plan requires all public bodies to report implementation as indicated by such data. on GPP implementation. To this end, the DECC Separately a mechanism for capturing relevant will consider the legislative basis to mandate the qualitative data will be considered, in terms of why reporting of GPP by public bodies. GPP was not implemented where National GPP criteria are available, in line with the Comply or It is important that any reporting requirements Explain approach (for example, explanation to be consider the need to obtain the right information, at provided as part of reporting on the Public Sector the right time, that data is coherent and consistent, Climate Action Mandate). and that the reporting is streamlined with other similar reporting requirements and structures where possible to ensure that the reporting burden on public bodies is minimised.

10.5 Actions Actions GPP Monitoring and Reporting A33 DECC to consider available options for setting out in legislation mandatory requirements for reporting of GPP by public bodies (in relation to the comply or explain principle). A34 OGP to investigate potential of using data on GPP captured by procurement notices (eForms) published on eTenders and Tenders Electronic Daily to monitor GPP in different categories, across the public sector, with a view to reporting on such data from 2026. A35 Develop guidance for completing new eForms, including new GPP fields, for public bodies. A36 From 2024, all public bodies to report on use of GPP (via contract award information and notices) in relation to individual contracts valued over the applicable EU procurement thresholds in accordance with guidance and Circular 05/23. From 2025, all public bodies to report on use of GPP (via contract award information and notices) in relation to individual contracts valued over the applicable national procurement thresholds (pending implementation of new below European Union threshold eForms), in accordance with guidance and Circular 05/23. A37 From 2025, all public bodies to report explanation for not including GPP criteria in published tender documentation for contracts valued over the applicable national/EU procurement thresholds where National GPP criteria are available. A38 All Government departments to report in the Annual Report on GPP implementation in relation to contracts valued over the applicable national procurement thresholds, including explanation for not including GPP criteria in published tender documentation where National GPP criteria are available. A39 SEAI Monitoring and Reporting system to include Comply or Explain reporting on GPP in relation to procurement using National GPP criteria (for reference year 2024 and annually thereafter). A40 EPA to publish an annual report on GPP implementation by Government departments. A41 Annually from 2026, the OGP to publish a report on GPP implementation by public bodies using eForms data. 55 11 EU and International Partnerships Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 11 EU and International Partnerships

11.1 EU GPP Advisory Group knowledge sharing. It is intended to leverage The EU GPP Advisory Group is an expert group 71 collective procurement power, in close dialogue composed of representatives of the EU Member with the ICT supply side, to affect the change and States and several key stakeholders. The role of innovation we need. CFIT is an action under the UN the Group is to provide advice to the European One Planet Network Sustainable Public Procurement Commission on the development and implementation programme. of GPP policies. The DECC participates at GPP Advisory Group meetings. The CFIT Pact is open to join for every organisation procuring ICT. It supports both frontrunners in the field who want to make more impact together and

11.2 The Circular and Fair ICT Pact other procurers who simply want to know how to The Circular and Fair ICT Pact (CFIT) is an make their own procurement more circular and fair. international procurement-led partnership with Governments with circular and fair ambitions around a remit to accelerate circularity, fairness, and ICT (or other public organisations) can also join the sustainability in the ICT sector72. CFIT aims pact as a coordinating organisation supporting a to stimulate the use of common, easy-to-use buyer group. Following a government decision, Ireland procurement criteria, provide guidance, and facilitate will be applying to join the Pact.

11.3 Actions Actions EU and International Partnership A42 Ireland to progress signing of the Circular and Fair ICT Pact. A43 DECC to continue its participation on the EU GPP Advisory Group. A44 DECC, OGP and EPA to engage on EU and International activities, networks and partnerships that help progress circular and GPP initiatives. 71. https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/green-public-procurement/advisory-group-national-action-plans_en 72. https://circularandfairictpact.com/ 57 12 Market Engagement, Networks and Knowledge Sharing 58 Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 12 Market Engagement, Networks and Knowledge Sharing Market engagement can help create the market approximately half understood what was meant by conditions needed to deliver sustainable and the circular economy, nearly half acknowledged that innovative solutions. Desired environmental moving to a circular economy presents a business and social outcomes should be included in opportunity in the long-term73. Critical to this market consultation. transition are targeted training, reinforced by closer cooperation within supply chains. To help facilitate market engagement and development of the supply of sustainable In November 2023, the EPA hosted a GPP in Practice goods and services, options will be examined to event in Dublin which was attended by 72 public establish fora and networks that facilitate open sector organisations. The event included a focus engagement on opportunities and barriers for on Irish GPP case studies by different organisations advancing GPP objectives. covering a broad range of sectors. A good example of this type of initiative is an IBEC Future actions will be focused on enabling an survey of companies from the manufacturing, environment where green goods and services service and distribution sectors, conducted in can be developed. association with the EPA, which found that while only

12.1 Actions Actions Market Engagement, Networks and Knowledge Sharing A45 Consider mechanisms that recognise best practice in GPP implementation (e.g., annual awards). A46 EPA to host GPP best practice show case events biennially. EPA to publish GPP case studies as a resource to support GPP implementation. A47 OGP to continue to engage with the SME Advisory Group and through other appropriate channels regarding the views of SMEs on the use of GPP. A48 DECC to include GPP awareness activities (including promotion of GPP Criteria Search) as part of wider Circular Economy Awareness communications campaigns. A49 Explore options for engagement with public and private sector procurers and suppliers, initially focused on key priority sectors, to progress efforts to support markets for green goods and services. A key focus will be developing pathways to support smaller enterprises to reach standards that meet sustainability and circularity needs of public procurers. A50 EPA, in consultation with key stakeholders, to carry out market research to identify new categories of supplies and services where GPP criteria can be developed. A51 EPA to deliver, in collaboration with other key stakeholders, a market impact study on the value (economic and environmental) of green procurement for an identified priority sector/product or service (as per the national criteria). 73. https://www.ibec.ie/connect-and-learn/media/2019/08/14/new-ibec-survey-shows-just-half-of-businesses-understand-the-circular- economy 59 13 Research and Innovation Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 13 Research and Innovation Ireland will continue to utilise all relevant EU and EPA research projects relevant to GPP are as follows: national research and innovation mechanisms to support GPP activities and inform related policy, • Identification of Effective State-of-the-Art GPP including, through programmes led at EU level Policy and Practice for the Irish Public Sector such as Horizon Europe and at national level led (a project that is reviewing the state-of-the-art by Science Foundation Ireland. Activities will GPP and practice and builds the existing data, be identified to strengthen Ireland’s capacity to knowledge and resources into a pilot toolkit). implement GPP effectively. • Opportunities for GPP to improve implementation of circular practice (a project EPA Research 2030 is a ten-year high-level focusing on construction projects and aims to framework for the EPA’s research programming for examine and identify opportunities for GPP the period 2021 to 2030. Its thematic structure in Ireland, quantify the associated costs and comprises four interconnected hubs that includes, for benefits, and disseminate findings to relevant example, addressing climate change evidence needs public bodies and key stakeholders). and facilitating a green and circular economy. Current

13.1 Actions Actions Research and Innovation A52 Identify opportunities to support national and EU research topics relating to GPP and the circular economy, and pilot projects and activities to strengthen Ireland’s capacity to implement GPP effectively. A53 In consultation with key stakeholders, the EPA to develop a mechanism for collection of data on GPP impacts and establishment of ongoing analysis and reporting on impacts of GPP implementation in Ireland (e.g., emissions savings, energy savings, waste prevented, reduced material consumption, material reuse, reduced water consumption, air quality impacts). Initial focus on large scale activities (e.g., construction) or specified priority sectors. 61 14 Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan Implementation – Monitoring, Evaluation and Review Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 14 Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan Implementation – Monitoring, Evaluation and Review The GPP Strategy and Action Plan will be monitored and reviewed annually by the DECC to assess the progress of the implementation of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan. GPP related policy, actions and targets may be updated during the timeframe of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan to reflect changes to EU or national policy, plans or legislation that impact on GPP. The Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications will report annually on the implementation of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan. To facilitate coordination of the different actions a GPP Action Plan Task Force will be established. The Strategic Procurement Advisory Group (SPAG) is an advisory forum at which representatives of the OGP (Policy and Sourcing) and its partner CPBs and public procurement practitioners from across government meet with policymakers from a range of Government departments. The Group shares information, knowledge and understanding and collaborates on promoting the incorporation of social, innovative, and sustainable considerations in public procurement. The group is chaired by the Head of OGP Policy. The environmental subgroup of the Strategic Procurement Advisory Group (eSPAG) was formed in 2021 to allow more detailed, technical, discussion of issues relating to GPP and broader sustainability and climate considerations in public procurement. This subgroup, which is co-chaired by the DECC and the OGP, has the overall objective of advancing strategic sustainable and environmental policy objectives through public procurement. Once the GPP Action Plan Task Force has been established the eSPAG will be discontinued. The GPP Action Plan Task Force will continue to facilitate discussion of GPP related issues and make recommendations for future updates of GPP policy.

14.1 Action Actions GPP Strategy and Action Plan Implementation - Monitoring, Evaluation and Review A54 Establish a Task Force to monitor the implementation of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan and to report on progress. 63 Appendices Appendix I Actions on Green Public Procurement Appendix II Sectoral/Product Targets Appendix III Minimum Environmental Criteria for Public Procurement of Goods and Services Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 AI

Appendix I Actions on Green Public Procurement No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations Public Procurement Guidelines, Central Purchasing Arrangements, Corporate Procurement Plans A1 The next iteration of the OGP’s Public OGP DECC, EPA 2024 Procurement Guidelines for Goods and Services to take account of this GPP Strategy and Action Plan and the latest National GPP Guidance and Criteria for the Public Sector. A2 With immediate effect, all future Central OGP, Central 2024, 2025, Purchasing Arrangements published shall Purchasing 2026, 2027 include contract specific GPP criteria, where Bodies possible, including minimum environmental/ sustainability criteria (refer to Appendix III, for example). Where arrangements allow for a mini-competition to take place, the arrangements shall accommodate the possibility for inclusion of GPP criteria at the mini-competition stage. A3 OGP and partner central purchasing bodies OGP, Central EPA 2024, 2025, to provide up to date online information on Purchasing 2026, 2027 central purchasing arrangements that have Bodies included GPP criteria. A4 OGP to amend Goods and Services template OGP 2025 RFTs and template contracts to increase awareness, where relevant, of the option to include GPP selection and award criteria and technical specifications, and associated contract performance clauses. A5 All public bodies in updating their corporate Public From 2024 policies and strategies, and Corporate Bodies Procurement Plans are to set out how they will adhere to GPP Strategy and Action Plan obligations related to their organisation. A6 By end of 2025 all public bodies with an Public 2025 annual public procurement spend (on average Bodies over the previous three years) above €200m to assess their procurement processes in order to deliver sustainable procurement in line with ISO 20400:2017. 65 AI Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations Circular Economy Strategy, Public Sector Climate Action, Local Authority Sector, Commercial Semi-State Sector A7 EPA to update GPP guidance on the EPA DECC, OGP 2025 application of GPP criteria relating to the circular economy, taking into account the 2nd Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy. A8 Biobased options to be considered for EPA DECC, DAFM 2025 inclusion in relevant National GPP criteria, where appropriate. A9 The GPP Strategy and Action Plan and DECC 2024, 2025, associated targets to be reflected in the 2026, 2027 annual review of the Public Sector Climate Action Mandate, where appropriate. A10 Examine options for coordinating action to DECC Local Authority 2024 help progress GPP implementation in the sector local authority sector. A11 Monitor and report progress of GPP NewERA DECC, EPA 2024, 2025, implementation by the Commercial 2026, 2027 Semi-State sector within the reporting arrangements in place for the Climate Action Framework for that sector. Government Circular 20/2019, National GPP Guidance Criteria, GPP Criteria Search A12 The OGP to replace Circular 20/2019 to OGP DECC, 2024 include updated instructions to Government SPAG, EPA, departments and the public sector regarding various other new GPP obligations included in the GPP stakeholders Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027. A13 The National GPP guidance and criteria EPA Public bodies, 2024, 2025, to be examined annually to determine the OGP, Central 2026, 2027 need to update, having regard to new policy, Purchasing legislation and EU GPP guidance, and the Bodies practical experience of public bodies applying the current guidance. Further guidance to be developed within the National GPP guidance document on the principles of proportionality and equal treatment in the application of GPP criteria. Public sector bodies, the OGP, central purchasing bodies and other key stakeholders to provide input into the updating process via relevant consultation processes. 66 AI No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations A14 New National GPP criteria to be developed EPA Public bodies, 2024, 2025, by the EPA, taking into consideration existing OGP, Central 2026, 2027 EU GPP criteria which are not yet published Purchasing as national criteria, with a priority focus on Bodies criteria linked to national climate, energy and circular economy policy. National GPP criteria to be developed in the short to medium term to include: • Buildings (updated criteria) • Furniture • Paints, varnishes and road markings GPP criteria development for other key product groups will also be considered. A15 Sector specific GPP related criteria that is Public bodies, EPA, GPP 2024, 2025, developed by public bodies (e.g., for energy where Action Plan 2026, 2027, related products, construction related) are to applicable Task Force be incorporated into the National GPP criteria that is prepared by the EPA, where considered appropriate. Such new criteria shall be notified to the GPP Action Plan Task Force. A16 OGP to update, maintain and develop OGP EPA 2024, 2025, GPP Criteria Search when new or updated 2026, 2027 National GPP criteria become available. This includes continuing to respond to Feedback sent through the website. A17 All public bodies to actively promote the Public OGP 2024, 2025, use of GPP Criteria Search within their Bodies 2026, 2027 organisations and include this commitment in their Corporate Procurement Plans. 67 AI Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations The GPP Mandate from the publication date of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan • Public sector bodies where the individual procurement spend using public funds is above EU procurement thresholds • Government departments where the individual procurement spend is above applicable national procurement thresholds A18 From the publication date of the GPP Public From 2024 Strategy and Action Plan, all public bodies to Bodies include GPP criteria in all tender documents, where possible, in accordance with the GPP Implementation Mandate set out in the GPP Strategy and Action Plan (Figure 1). The GPP Mandate from 2025 • Public sector bodies where the individual procurement spend using public funds is above applicable national procurement thresholds A19 From 2025, all public bodies to include Public From 2025 GPP criteria in all tender documents, where Bodies possible, in accordance with the GPP Implementation Mandate set out in the GPP Strategy and Action Plan (Figure 1). Sectoral Focus - The Built Environment A20 By the end of 2025, Capital Works OGP EPA 2025 Management Framework to include reference to available guidance that is in accordance with the EPBD, using CPR data where available and EN 15978, as appropriate, for public bodies on inclusion of low carbon construction related components and sustainable building processes, and reference to GPP criteria related to construction, including National GPP Guidance and Criteria, where appropriate. Examine how implementation of GPP can be reported as part of other key reporting (e.g., project spend) at the project close stage (e.g., Stage 4 of the Capital Works Management Framework). 68 AI No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations A21 In line with the Public Sector Climate Action Public From 2023 Mandate all public bodies shall specify low Bodies carbon construction methods and low carbon cement material as far as practicable for directly procured or supported construction projects from 2023. Public bodies must include specifications for From 2026 low carbon construction related components and sustainable building processes in accordance with EPBD, using CPR data where available and EN 15978, and reference to GPP criteria related to construction, including National GPP guidance, where appropriate in the Preliminary Project Brief. In addition, whole life cycle analysis in accordance with EN 15978, where appropriate, shall be used to inform the design of building projects over 1,000 m2 to ensure life cycle GWP is optimised at the building level and to facilitate declarations of embodied carbon for inclusion in the BER/EPC of buildings completed after 31 December 2027. A22 Life Cycle Costing to be used by all public Public OGP From 2025 bodies for all works contracts as defined by Bodies the Capital Works Management Framework. A23 For the procurement of low carbon cement Public Cement and From 2024 material, public bodies and beneficiaries of Bodies Construction grant (Exchequer) to implement construction Sector related technical guidance, once established Decarbonisation by the relevant body. Working Group Food Procurement and Food Waste Prevention A24 Update Central Purchasing Arrangements to OGP, Central From 2024 include specific GPP criteria related to organic Purchasing food procurement and food waste prevention. Bodies Social Enterprise and Community Based Organisations A25 Support capacity building in social enterprises DECC Public Sector From 2024 and community-based initiatives that Training Bodies promote GPP and circular procurement. Support awareness of social enterprises and community-based GPP initiatives such as via GPP training provided by public sector training bodies. A26 Government Departments to capture data Government EPA From 2025 in their annual reports regarding tenders Departments awarded to social enterprises, voluntary and community organisations where GPP criteria have been applied. A27 Examine mechanisms to support reuse and EPA DECC, various From 2024 repair activity in Ireland using GPP. stakeholders 69 AI Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations GPP Training and Awareness A28 Engage with civil service and public sector DECC Civil service From 2024 training providers regarding the inclusion of and public GPP in their general procurement training and sector training education courses. providers A29 All public bodies to set out (e.g., within Public DECC From 2024 public sector Climate Action roadmaps) and Bodies fulfil annual staff training commitments in relation to GPP with a priority focus on key goods/services/works applicable to those organisations. A30 OGP to continue to respond to general OGP EPA 2024, 2025, queries from public bodies related to GPP 2026, 2027 (e.g., respond to feedback received via GPP Criteria Search). A31 OGP to regularly update its Sustainable Public OGP EPA, DECC, From 2024 Procurement reference74 that includes links to various other international, European Union, and national stakeholders guidance and other resources related to GPP. A32 Examine options for coordinating GPP DECC Local Authority 2024 training for the local authority sector. sector GPP Monitoring and Reporting A33 DECC to consider available options for setting DECC EPA 2024 out in legislation mandatory requirements for reporting of GPP by public bodies (in relation to the comply or explain principle). A34 OGP to investigate potential of using data OGP EPA 2024, 2025 on GPP captured by procurement notices (eForms) published on eTenders and Tenders Electronic Daily to monitor GPP in different categories, across the public sector, with a view to reporting on such data from 2026. A35 Develop guidance for completing new OGP EPA 2024 eForms, including new GPP fields, for public bodies 74. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/48f69-opportunities-and-approaches-for-sustainable-public-procurement/ 70 AI No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations A36 From 2024, all public bodies to report on use Public From 2024 of GPP (via contract award information and bodies (for above notices) in relation to individual contracts applicable valued over the applicable EU procurement EU thresholds in accordance with guidance and procurement Circular 05/23. thresholds) From 2025, all public bodies to report on From 2025 use of GPP (via contract award information (for above and notices) in relation to individual applicable contracts valued over the applicable national national procurement thresholds (pending procurement implementation of new below European thresholds) Union threshold eForms), in accordance with guidance and Circular 05/23. A37 From 2025, all public bodies to report Public bodies From 2025 explanation for not including GPP criteria in (for above published tender documentation for contracts applicable valued over the applicable national/EU national/EU procurement thresholds where National GPP procurement criteria are available. thresholds) A38 All Government departments to report in Government EPA 2025, 2026, the Annual Report on GPP implementation Departments 2027 in relation to contracts valued over the applicable national procurement thresholds, including explanation for not including GPP criteria in published tender documentation where National GPP criteria are available. A39 SEAI Monitoring and Reporting system to SEAI DECC, Public 2025, 2026, include Comply or Explain reporting on GPP Bodies 2027 in relation to procurement using National GPP criteria (for reference year 2024 and annually thereafter). A40 EPA to publish an annual report on GPP EPA Government 2024, 2025, implementation by Government departments Departments 2026, 2027 A41 Annually from 2026 the OGP to publish a OGP EPA, DECC 2025, 2026, report on GPP implementation by public 2027 bodies using eForms data. EU and International Partnership A42 Ireland to progress signing of the Circular and DECC, OGP 2024 Fair ICT Pact. A43 DECC to continue its participation on the EU DECC EPA, OGP 2024, 2025, GPP Advisory Group. 2026, 2027 A44 DECC, OGP and EPA to engage on EU DECC EPA, OGP 2024, 2025, and International activities, networks and 2026, 2027 partnerships that help progress circular and GPP initiatives. 71 AI Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations Market Engagement, Networks and Knowledge Sharing A45 Consider mechanisms that recognise best DECC EPA 2025 practice in GPP implementation (e.g., annual awards). A46 EPA to host GPP best practice show case EPA DECC, OGP 2025, 2027 events biennially. EPA to publish GPP case studies as a resource EPA DECC, OGP, 2024, 2025, to support GPP implementation. Public Bodies 2026, 2027 A47 OGP to continue to engage with the OGP SME Advisory 2024, 2025, SME Advisory Group and through other Group 2026, 2027 appropriate channels regarding the views of SMEs on the use of GPP. A48 DECC to include GPP awareness activities DECC EPA, Local 2024, 2025 (including promotion of GPP Criteria Search) Authority as part of wider Circular Economy Awareness Sector communications campaigns. A49 Explore options for engagement with public DECC OGP 2025, 2026, and private sector procurers and suppliers, 2027 initially focused on key priority sectors, to progress efforts to support markets for green goods and services. A key focus will be developing pathways to support smaller enterprises to reach standards that meet sustainability and circularity needs of public procurers. A50 EPA, in consultation with key stakeholders, EPA DECC, 2025 to carry out market research to identify new various other categories of supplies and services where stakeholders GPP criteria can be developed. A51 EPA to deliver, in collaboration with other EPA DECC, 2025 key stakeholders, a market impact study on various other the value (economic and environmental) of stakeholders green procurement for an identified priority sector/product or service (as per the national criteria). 72 AI No. Action Lead Other Timeline Delivery Stakeholders/ Body supporting organisations Research and Innovation A52 Identify opportunities to support national EPA DECC 2025, 2026, and EU research topics relating to GPP and 2027 the circular economy, and pilot projects and activities to strengthen Ireland’s capacity to implement GPP effectively. A53 In consultation with key stakeholders, the EPA DECC 2026 EPA to develop a mechanism for collection of data on GPP impacts and establishment of ongoing analysis and reporting on impacts of GPP implementation in Ireland (e.g., emissions savings, energy savings, waste prevented, reduced material consumption, material reuse, reduced water consumption, air quality impacts). Initial focus on large scale activities (e.g., construction) or specified priority sectors. GPP Strategy and Action Plan Implementation – Monitoring, Evaluation and Review A54 Establish a Task Force to monitor the DECC OGP, EPA, 2024 implementation of the GPP Strategy and various other Action Plan and to report on progress. stakeholders 73 AII Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

Appendix II Sectoral/Product Targets75 The Built Environment T1 From 2025, a minimum proportion of construction materials procured by public bodies under new contract arrangements comprise recycled materials76. Food Procurement and Food Waste T2 From the date of publication of the GPP Strategy and Action Plan a minimum of 10% by value (€) of food sought by public sector bodies under new contract arrangements (including via contractors such as canteen service providers), is to be certified organic in each of the following categories of Cereals, fresh Beef, Lamb, Pork, Poultry, Fish, Vegetables and Dairy products, where possible. T3 From 2025, 100% of new contract arrangements related to canteen or food services to include measures that are targeted at addressing food waste, with a specific focus on food waste prevention, taking into account Ireland’s commitment to reduce food waste by 50% by 2030, and food waste segregation. T4 From 2024, 100% of new contract arrangements related to canteen or food services (including food services for public sector organised conferences) to cease using disposable/single use cups, plates and cutlery from any public sector canteen, closed facility, and public sector organised conferences, excluding clinical (i.e., non-canteen healthcare) environments. ICT Equipment T5 By 2025, a minimum of 80% of ICT end user products (desktop computers, portable computers and mobile phones) procured by public sector bodies under new contract arrangements are certified to EPEAT Gold Standard (or equivalent), TCO Certified (or equivalent) or will have been remanufactured. Textiles T6 By 2027, polyester fibre products procured by public sector bodies under new contract arrangements must be manufactured using a minimum recycled content of 20%, where possible and proportionate. Paper Products and Printing T7 From May 2024, where office paper for printing and photocopying must be procured, 100% of the paper must be recycled paper. 75. The targets apply to procurement above the relevant national procurement thresholds that is using public funds. 76. This target will be updated following further data analysis, and publication of the 2nd Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy which will include sectoral targets in relation to the construction sector. 74 AII Energy related products, Heating Equipment, Indoor and Outdoor Lighting T8 From January 2025, 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of energy related products, heating equipment, or indoor and outdoor lighting to include a requirement for tenderers to specify recommendations and options for the product, when the product or components of the product comes to the end of life, that consider environmental sustainability, including options for reuse, repair, and recycling. T9 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of heating systems to not install heating systems that use fossil fuels, in (1) new buildings, and (2) “major renovation” retrofit projects (as defined in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)) subject to exceptions as specified in the Public Sector Climate Action Plan Mandate 2023. Indoor Cleaning Services T10 From January 2025, 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of indoor cleaning services to include a requirement for tenderers to specify the training that will be put in place to ensure that all staff involved in delivery of the contract have the knowledge and skills to apply cleaning methods, which will reduce the environmental impact of the services. Road Transport Vehicles T11 100% of all tenders for the public procurement of vehicles to procure zero emissions vehicles only, subject to exceptions as specified in the Public Sector Climate Action Plan Mandate 2023. Reuse and Repair T12 By end of 2027, where possible and available, a minimum proportion of annual procurement by public sector bodies shall include used or repaired goods or materials77. 77. Availability of used or repaired goods will be informed by the national network to support and scale reuse and repair in Ireland that has been established by the EPA. 75 AIII Buying Greener: Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027

Appendix III Minimum Environmental Criteria for Public Procurement of Goods and Services In relation to all goods and services contracts valued • Provide evidence of two recent and comparable over the relevant procurement thresholds, and contracts that were delivered with supporting with effect from the GPP Strategy and Action Plan environmental measures (e.g., staff sustainability publication date, where no suitable national, EU, or and awareness training, environmental other GPP criteria are available for goods or services management system implementation) being procured, public bodies must include minimum • A detailed description of the environmental GPP criteria as distinct criteria in the published tender impacts of the goods or services being procured documentation. Depending on the goods or service over their life cycle, including GHG emission being procured, this may be a technical specification, reductions, compared to alternative goods and a selection criterion, and/or an award criterion. services, where appropriate • A quantification of the estimated carbon Where the environmental aspect is included as an footprint of the goods being procured and award criterion, maximum marks awarded should proposed mitigation steps to provide goods with be proportionate, and take into consideration the the lowest carbon footprint potential environmental impact of the goods or • The practical steps that the tenderer will take services being procured. Marks within the range of to deliver the contract in an environmentally 5% to 10% are recommended. sustainable manner, including sustainability awareness training for personnel involved in Public bodies should consider the following menu of contract fulfilment options78 in setting green criteria which need to be • Set out proposals for the monitoring, proportionate in terms of the nature of the tender: measurement and reporting during contract delivery of environmental and circular economy impacts of the goods or services supplied, including GHG emission reductions, energy efficiency and/or sustainable resource use Some or all of these criteria should be included as appropriate, provided they are relevant to the contract. Public Bodies must specify a means of verifying any environmental claims. 78. Any updates or further guidance produced in relation to minimum environmental criteria will be considered for inclusion in National GPP Guidance. 76