National Action Plan for Gender Equality 2016-2020

8 Dragatsaniou str., 10559 Athens, Greece Telephone: 2131511102-3 Email: info@iso ta.gr Web: www.iso ta.gr Facebook: Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων Greek Text Edi ng: Dora Tsilipanou General coordina on: Katerina Loukidou Transla on into English: Dimitris Pla s Edi ng of English Text: Georgia Papageorgiou, Dimitris Pla s Publishing design: Na onal Prin ng House Prin ng: Na onal Prin ng House The present publica on is prohibited to be shared among individuals for sale purposes, according to Art.8, par.6b (Law 3469/2006) NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 ATHENS, FEBRUARY 2018 Contents Page Introductory note by the Secretary-General for Gender Equality ............ 8 Main Principles - Objec ves ................................................................ 10 SOCIAL INCLUSION AND EQUAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN WHO SUFFER MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION ........................................... 12 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ..................................................................... 28 LABOUR MARKET, RECONCILIATION OF FAMILY AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE ..................................................................... 47 EDUCATION, TRAINING, CULTURE, SPORTS AND MEDIA ........................ 63 HEALTH ................................................................................... 87 PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POWER STRUCTURES, DECISION-MAKING CENTERS & PROCESSES .......................................... 98 Horizontal legisla ve interven ons ..................................................... 109 References ................................................................................. 110 7 Introductory note by the Secretary - General for Gender Equality The General Secretariat for Gender Equality does not address gender equal- ity as a «female issue» but as a universal principle, as it is formulated by the UN Millennium Development Goals, as well as in the declara ons and docu- ments of the European Union and other Interna onal Organiza ons, as a result of the conquests brought by the struggles, claims and ideas of women and the feminist movement in Europe and the world. Power rela ons between genders, all kinds of prejudices, deeply rooted percep- ons, and, finally, the manifold gender-based discrimina on that governs all the manifesta ons of the private and public sphere of life cons tute a signifi- cant democra c deficit. Its overcoming cannot be marginalized or devalued. Towards this goal, the contribu on of the experience of feminist movements and their struggles, as well as feminist thinking and science, is decisive. We recognize the historical contribu on of feminism and its relevance, as today, despite the wide interna onal dialogue on women’s rights and the significant steps towards women’s emancipa on, at least in the western socie es, we are facing a historical regression,due to the neo-liberal sovereignty and its values. According to the Gender Equality Report of the European Social Commi ee, women in the 21st century con nue to be the majority of the economically inac- ve people, to be more vulnerable to poverty, social exclusion and violence, and to face even more significant financial difficul es. Today, the inequali es in the living and working condi ons between men and women are exacerbated by the consequences of the severe economic crisis at global, European and na onal levels. In Greece, the mul -faceted a ack of the crisis on the acquired rights of women has mul plied the obstacles to their equal integra on into the labor market, thus leading a huge number of young women to unemployment. It imposed their massive return home, it subs tuted the deficient welfare state with women’s’ unpaid care services, depriving them of personal me and the opportunity to engage in public affairs and poli cs. The crisis has demonstrated the mul ple forms of violence that exist and to 8 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY which women are unable to react, it has narrowed down their life choices and it has posed significant barriers to their emancipa on. However, I believe that, in mes of crisis, the principle of gender equality is not a luxury, but a key component of the developmental, social and economic poli- cies. It is my deep convic on that fair economic and social development needs the full exploita on of human poten al, free of gender inequali es. At the General Secretariat for Gender Equality we are called upon to address gender discrimina on and stereotypes directly in the fields of work, poverty and social exclusion, refugee crisis, violence, educa on, decision-making centers, family, as well as in every other aspect of private and public life. In our Na onal Plan for Gender Equality 2016 - 2020, our pursuit of gender equality involves gender mainstreaming in all policies and the implementa- on of specific measures or posi ve ac ons for the preven on, eradica on and treatment of gender inequality. In the framework of government policies and priori es for the implementa on of effec ve gender equality, we strive for every female conquest to be a small step towards equality and democracy. We take power from the past, we con nue in the present and dream of the future for a society free of gender stereotypes and discrimina on that hurts and undermines our democracy. Foteini KOUVELA Secretary-General for Gender Equality 9 Main Principles - ObjecƟves The General Secretariat for Gender Equality (GSGE), aiming at the elimina- on of inequali es between women and men, incorporates in the Na onal Ac on Plan for Gender Equality 2016-2020 (NAPGE) the basic principles and strategic objec ves set by the NAPGE 2010-2013 and updates them, taking into account the par cular needs and condi ons that emerged and shaped the field of gender equality at the me of the economic crisis. The updated NAPGE was formulated through a process of consulta on with gender equality expertsand representa ves of the civil society, the aca- demia, poli cs and public administra on. The NAPGE is of na onal scope and the strategic objec ves set for the new period are as follows: • Protec ng the rights of women, with a focus on vulnerable popula on groups, migrant women and women refugees. • Preven ng and tackling violence against women in family, work, and society. • Suppor ng the employment of women and tackling the consequences of decreasing male employment with regard to gender iden es and gender rela ons. • Promo ng gender equality in educa on, culture, the media and sports. • Elimina ng gender inequali es in health. • Balanced par cipa on of women in decision-making centers. The Plan includes a series of horizontal interven ons across the range of public policy,as well as ver cal specialized policies aimed at women and men in areas where inequali es are iden fied. The combina on of the interven- ons follows the strategy established in 1995 at the UN Beijing Pla orm,as well as the Communica on of the High Level Group on gender mainstream- ing (European Commission). The Priority Axes of the NAPGE follow the guidelines of the European Commission to the Member States, adap ng to the par cular circumstances in Greece and covering the following policy areas: • Social inclusion and equal treatment of women who suffer mul ple dis- crimina on • Gender-based violence • Labour market, family and work life balance • Educa on, training, culture, sports and the media 10 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY • Health • Decision making centers The above dis nc on of the different policy fields is indica ve and is made with the purpose of organizing the proposals and ac ons of this Na onal Plan. In the context of producing integrated policies for specific problems and popula on groups, proposals and ac ons are intertwined and comple- mented. A task force on upda ng the NAPGE was set up. Based on the above the- ma c Priority Axes, 6 corresponding Working Groups were formed, which provided the General Secretariat with Reference Documents and Tables of Proposed Ac ons, Implemen ng Bodies and Timetables to the GSGE. The GSGE also organized an innova ve workshop on the Priority Axes of the NAPGE 2016-2020, which took place on December 2016 and was a end- ed by experts and representa ves of 70 bodies, competen n gender issues. The purpose of the workshop was to examine the proposed objec ves and ac ons for the period 2016-2020, to gather comments on working texts and consult on improving ac ons and taking new ini a ves. For the dra ing of the NAPGE 2016-2020, the following were used: • The Reference Documents and the Tables of proposed ac ons of the 6 thema c working groups. • The findings of focused studies in specific policy areas elaborated with GSGE funding under the NAPGE 2010-2013. • The proposals and comments of the experts and representa ves of the bodies that were made in the framework of the consulta on through the in- nova ve workshop on the Priority Axes of the NAPGE 2016-2020. Below are the specific objec ves set by the GSGE on each Priority Axis, based on the current situa on and the new needs iden fied in the field of gender equality, as well as the ac ons it intends to implement. 11 SOCIAL INCLUSION AND EQUAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN WHO SUFFER MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION The introduc on of gender perspec ve is crucial for the analysis of social and economic reality and the deepening of modern democra c func ons. It is a factor of social cohesion in the Member States, but also a declared E.U. goal for the development of European socie es. From the point of view of human rights and ci zenship theory, the gender differen a on meant to demonstrate in the most empha c way the embedded patriarchal percep- ons and stereotypical a tudes towards women who are s ll discriminated against and, therefore, le behind or even excluded from the exercise of so- cial ci zenship and/or civic ci zenship. In other words, there is s ll discrimi- na on against women in areas of social and poli cal life or in the labour mar- ket, hampering their ac ve and equal par cipa on. While the universality of ci zenship is subject to condi onality, when there is s ll discrimina on hampering the equal rela onship between men and women, the single category of women ul mately ends up generalizing and ul mately conceals other non-sex-based discrimina on areas. Factors such as class, racial origin, religion, and language or minority group should not be ignored. In other words, women are not a homogenized whole, as var- ious ins tu onal, structural, socio-economic and cultural factors influence and shape individual iden es. Women may face different forms of discrimi- na on at the same me, which o en lead to social exclusion. Social exclusion is the result of depriving a person or a group (racial, reli- gious, cultural, na onal, poli cal) of their access to knowledge, health, cul- ture and/or exercise of power. It means reduced social par cipa on. The main factors of social exclusion may be related to (KETHI 2013): • gender discrimina on, due to tradi onal percep ons and stereotypes • physical disabili es or mental illnesses • ethnicity and/or cultural differences • economic factors (eg income criteria) • geographic condi ons and popula on characteris cs. Comba ng social exclusion is one of the greatest challenges of the Eu- ropean Union and the term is o en encountered in the EUliterature since the beginning of the 1990s. For this reason, the European Union is adopt- 12 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY ing measures and developing ac ons to combat discrimina on and promote equal treatment and social inclusion of people belonging to socially vulner- able groups. The E.U. has since 2005 set up a Center for the analysis of the social situa on and the promo on of social inclusion of groups in risk of so- cial exclusion. In this priority axis, the GSGE focuses on the category of women who suf- fer mul ple discrimina on not only on the basis of gender but also on the ba- sis of vulnerability (disabled, imprisoned, released, drug addicted, etc.) and on the basis of risk due to specific situa ons (long-term unemployed, Roma, refugee women, single-parent families, etc.). Yet, the a empt to categorize and delimit discrimina on and vulnerable social groups is not enough to re- flect the complexity of the individual iden es and diversi es, in which a woman can poten ally experience at some point in her life. So, these limits are fluid and this is something that should be taken into account in the for- mula on of specific policies or posi ve ac ons. «Mul ple Discrimina on» means any discrimina on, exclusion or limita- on, to a person, based on more than one reason (e.g. race, color, na onal or ethnic origin, birth, religion or other belief, disability or chronic illness, age, family or social status, sexual orienta on, iden ty, or gender). In Greek legisla on, the term «vulnerable social groups» (KETHI 2013) de- scribes popula on categories that have unequal opportuni es in educa on, finding work and generally living in dignity and are at greater risk of experi- encing poverty and social exclusion. Indica vely, features considered to be linked with such unequal opportuni es are psychomotor problems, chronic health problems, geographical exclusion, lack of access to informa on, lack of substan al educa onal qualifica ons and skills, etc. The recent Law on the social and solidarity economy (Law no. 4430/2016), defines «vulnerable groups» as those groups of the popula on whose inclu- sion in social and economic life is impeded by physical and psychological causes or by delinquent behavior. These include: a) persons with disabili es of any kind (physical, mental, mental, sensory), b) people with substance abuse or dependents, c) juvenile offenders, prisoners and prisoners. The Law defines «special groups» as those groups of the popula on who are at a disadvantage in terms of their smooth integra on into the labor mar- ket, economic, social and cultural causes. These include: a) vic ms of domes c violence, b) vic ms of trafficking, c) homeless people, d) people living in poverty, 13 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 e) economic migrants, f) refugees and asylum seekers, g) the heads of single parent families, h) people with cultural specifici es, i) long-term unemployed up to the age of twenty-five and over fi y. The law on the gran ng of asylum and interna onal protec on lists in the category of»vulnerable groups»: a) unaccompanied minors, b) persons with disabili es or suffering from incurable or serious illness, c) the elderly,d) pregnant or women in briefs, e) single parent families with minors, F) vic ms of torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence or exploita on, persons with post-trauma c stress syndrome, in par cular survivors and rela ves of vic ms of shipwrecks, and g) vic ms of trafficking. The European Union adopts measures and develops ac ons for equal treatment, an -discrimina on and the social integra on of persons belong- ing to socially vulnerable groups and threatened by social exclusion. How- ever, it is clear that in order to formulate and take appropriate measures and ac ons to combat the social exclusion of vulnerable popula on groups it is necessary to have a clear picture of the nature and extent of the problems in the various forms encountered. Above all, the problems caused by social exclusion cannot be addressed without the full involvement of the vulnerable social groups concerned in the processes of socio-economicintegra on. Moreover, the economic crisis affec ng some EU countries, with par cu- lar emphasis on Greece, as well as the policies of austerity and fiscal adjust- ment applied in several European countries, exacerbate the risk of mul ple discrimina ons against women, while more and more women become poor especially in younger ages. At the same me, the refugee crisis and the in- crease in refugee flows, as a result of the war in Syria, form a new landscape for women refugees and their children (European Parliament 2016), which make up 60% of the refugee popula on. Unaccompanied minors, pregnant women, disabled, women alone without a suppor ve framework, women vic ms of violence or trafficking are the face of the contemporary refugee phenomenon. According to the Report of the European Parliament on the recep on of refugee women and asylum seekers in the European Union, con- crete ac ons are proposed to include gender discrimina on in refugee crisis, such as staff training in first recep on centers. Similarly, the assump ons made by another European Parliament report on the EU’s strategy for equality between women and men a er 2015 (Euro- pean Parliament, 2015) raise the main issue that poverty in Europe is dispro- por onately female and that this phenomenon affects mainly single moth- 14 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY ers, women with disabili es, young women, elderly women, migrant women and women belonging to ethnic minori es. This situa on is exacerbated by the economic crisis and special austerity measures, as well as precarious jobs, part- me jobs, low wages, low pensions, and difficulty in accessing ba- sic social and health services. Addi onally the fact that the majority of the jobs abolished are in the public sector and care services, makes the gender dimension even more important. The report also recognizes that women liv- ing in rural areas are more likely to be vic ms of mul ple discrimina on and gender stereotypes than women living in urban areas and that the employ- ment rate of women in rural areas is much lower than the corresponding percentage of women living in urban areas. Moreover, the EU Strategy for Equality between Men and Women 2010- 2015 based on the Beijing Pla orm for Ac on opts for the inclusion of the different needs experienced by women who face mul ple discrimina on and the corresponding orienta on of policies and ins tu onal interven ons on the part of the Member States. In Greece, the gender impact of the economic crisis is closely linked to cuts in the public sector, reconcilia on difficul es, rising precarious labor, and deregula on of labor rela ons. The mul -factorial nature of women’s poverty imposes the management and resolu on of wider economic and so- cial life parameters and not only those directly related to the labor market: family, social protec on systems, poli cal life, democra c ins tu ons, etc. It is therefore necessary and crucial to promote the implementa on of gender equality in a more concrete and direct manner in all the government’s poli - cal and economic plans in order to overturn this form of «unclear crisis» but also to open up new development prospects for the whole of society while reducing poverty. Par cular care should also be given to working poor, ac- cording to EU figures. For Greece, there is an increase of over 4% of the work- ing poor between 2008 and 2013 (source: Eurostat, 2015). Based on the above framework, the General Secretariat for Gender Equal- ity focuses its policy of interven on on women belonging to vulnerable social groups or mul ple discrimina ons, including, but not limited to: • Women at the poverty line • Women heads of single parent families • Homeless women • Roma women • Immigrant women • Women refugees or asylum seekers • Women vic ms of violence, torture or trafficking • Women with disabili es / chronic diseases 15 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 • Toxic addicted women • Women imprisoned or released from prison • Older women • Long-term Unemployed women With par cular regard to the social groups that are the target groups of this NAPGE: In Greece, single-parent families are a ma er that remains on the brink of public debate, while the relevant social policy appears to be a ached to an outdated low-level benefit support. This kind of policy appears unable to understand the mul dimensional needs stemming from single parenthood, failing to adopt innova ve ac ons to remove the barriers that keep the single parents away from employment and, thus, leading them to poverty and so- cial exclusion. Single-parent families appear to be par cularly affected by the socio-economic changes that have occurred since 2009 and also do not have access to the informal social assistance networks that could support them. As far as homeless women are concerned, according to the 2012 Report of the Observatory on the Homeless (FEANTSA), ten out of twenty-one countries have recorded an increase in rates of women’s housing exclusion and insecu- rity. This increase in the percentage of housing insecurity, concerns mainly young womenaged under 25. A factor that seems to increase rates of female housing insecurity is domes c violence due to the very willingness of women vic ms of violence to seek assistance in related services or even to depart from the abusive rela onship, temporarily staying in hostels or shelters. Finally, a significant number of women are also included in the category of so-called neo-homeless, i.e.persons mainly from the middle classes with a high level of educa on and professional qualifica ons who due to the crisis, have been found in the spiral of housing insecurity. Furthermore, the prob- lem of women with disabili es is part of the issue of mul ple discrimina on, which has not yet been thoroughly explored. In Greece, in par cular, the ex- is ng ins tu onal framework refers globally to people with disabili es and does not a empt to engage in gender discrimina on. At the same me, the objec ve is to strengthen and support women with disabili es. Toxic addicted women are a vulnerable popula on that, by defini on, is in- volved in power rela ons of dependence, weakness and oppression. Female addic on is a complex and mul dimensional phenomenon that has been an autonomous field of research for researchers in the last three decades, and is mainly addressed through the recording of gender differences, concerning all aspects of drug addic on. Gender differences are related to the causes of dependence, usage pa erns, epidemiology, socio-demographic characteris- cs of users, treatment search, and therapeu c approach. 16 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Immigrants are par cularly affected by unemployment this me, having largely lost jobs in the fields of elderly and children care. Issues of legaliza on are urgent (for example, the implementa on of the second-genera on child- care legisla on has not progressed at the desired pace). Immigrant women are a large part of the migrant popula on and, at the same me, a group that has no predominant reason, suffering more cumula ve gender exclusions, reinforced by lack of educa on and different na onal iden ty. Scien fic pa- pers show that the Greek state is hardly allowing these women and their families to live and work with dignity. They are a kind of «sub-proletariat» to exploit, whose exclusion and marginaliza on are rooted on a daily basis in complex ways and in various fields such as public par cipa on. In every refugee group, a great part of the people are women and chil- dren. Deprived of the security of their home, without the protec on of their country and o en of their own people, refugee women cons tute a par c- ularly sensi ve social group. O en, they have to deal with harassment, in- difference or abuse, even a er they reach a seemingly safe place. In recent years, Greece has been faced with a large influx of migrants and refugees and the iden fica on of special needs and support for women and girls in need of interna onal protec on is required. Refugee women and girls face par cu- lar challenges related to gender, and their place in society. For cultural and social reasons they may o en have limited knowledge of their rights or the existence of mechanisms to safeguard these rights. Possibly, in their country of origin, they were subjected to tradi onal prac ces harmful to themselves, were not allowed to par cipate in community structures, were vic ms of sexual violence or were poor. A er being displaced, they are even more mar- ginalized and vulnerable because of the collapse of the values and support structures provided by their family or community. At the same me, the pro- cess of irregular movement itself exposes them to various dangers and forms of exploita on, such as separa on of their families and trafficking. An important example of the decline of modern socie es is the social ex- clusion of groups from goods, such as health, educa on, the labor market, culture, pu ng these groups on the sidelines. Roma are a typical example of people living on the margins, very o en below the poverty line, in bad condi ons and are o en vic ms of discrimina on and racist violence. Romani women are a dynamic popula on group, which, however, is not sufficiently approached at the level of targeted ac ons or strategies, especially in the fields of educa on and health. They are one of the most typical cases of so- cial groups facing mul ple discrimina on and exclusion, recording large rates of school dropout and marriages at an early age. At the same me, their par- 17 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 cular culture, which maintains a strict hierarchy and a closed and delineated system, keeps Romani women at a disadvantage. Given the unfortunate condi ons of deten on, the overcrowding and the lack of medical care in Greek prisons, as well as the inappropriate in many cases Correc onal Code, in conjunc on with the economic crisis and the re- duc on of the welfare state, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality aims to improve the quality of the deten on condi ons of women prisoners. In addi on, taking into account the mul ple discrimina ons and forms of social inequality faced by women that have been released, which make them more vulnerable to the consequences of the economic crisis and s gma zing ste- reotypes, appropriate ac ons must be taken to reintegrate them into society. Against this background, the Na onal Ac on Plan on Gender Equality 2016-2020 sets out 3 key objec ves in rela on to this Axis and a number of proposed ac ons, some of which are already being implemented. These ob- jec ves are the result of the analysis of the field, as detailed above, but also of the strategic objec ves set by the Beijing Pla orm for Ac on at the 4th World Conference on Women. The final remarks on the seventh periodic re- port of Greece, adopted by the Commission at its 50th session (11 February -

1 March 2013), are also taken into account. Objec ve 1: Gender mainstreaming in legisla on and public policies on vul- nerable social groups The General Secretariat for Gender Equality will promote ac ons to make visible the gender dimension of the policies applied by other relevant ins - tu ons (Ministries, Local and Regional Authori es) and focus on vulnerable social groups. This includes proposals for legisla ve interven on, where ap- propriate, as well as training and awareness-raising for officials, professionals and volunteers, who work in this field. More specifically, ac ons are planned, such as: 18 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY OBJECTIVE 1: INTEGRATING GENDER DIMENSION IN LEGISLATIONAND PUB- LIC POLICIES FOR VULNERABLE SOCIAL GROUPS ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE

1 Inclusion of the thema c field in GSGE, Universi es, 2017-2020 the bachelors of sociology and Research Centers social policy curricula

2 Inclusion of gender mainstream- GSGE, Ministry of 2017-2020 ing in the competencies of co- Interior, Ministry of competent Ministries, first and Labor, Social Security second degree local government and Social Solidarity, Ministry of Immi- gra on, Ministry of Health

3 Coding legisla on, circulars etc. GSGE, KETHI 2017-2020 for women belonging to vulner- able social groups and suffer mul ple discrimina on and developing proposals for be er law and administra ve prac ces

4 Inves ga ng, recording and pro- GSGE, Local Govern- 2018-2020 cessing the needs of older wom- ment, Universi es / en through a gender- based as- Research Centers sessment of “Home Assistance” and “Day Care Centers for the Elderly” Programs in collabora- on with local government

5 Inves ga ng, recording and GSGE, Local Govern- 2018-2020 processing of ROMA women’s ment, Universi es / needs through a gender-based Research Centers assessment study of the Roma and Vulnerable Social Groups Support Centers Program in collabora on with local govern- ment 19 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020

6 Inves ga ng, recording and pro- GSGE, Local Govern- 2018-2020 cessing of the needs of addicted ment, Universi es / women through a gender- based Research Centers assessment of the Center for the Preven on of Addic ons and the Promo on of Psychosocial Health Program in collabora on with local government

7 Par cipa on in conduc ng a GSGE, KETHI, NGOs, 2017-2019 research on the needs of the Women’s deten on popula on of female prisoners centers and detainees and dissemina- on of its results

8 Training and training of profes- GSGE, Ministry 2017-2020 sionals in the field of drug ad- of Health, NGOs, dic on ΟΚΑΝΑ, KETHEA, Na onal Center for Documenta on and Informa on on Drugs

9 Training of the Asylum and First GSGE, Asylum Ser- 2017-2020 Recep on Service staff and the vice, First Recep on Hospitality Centers for refugee’s Service, Greek Police, interpreters and administrators Civil Society,In coop- on exis ng cultural differences, era on with GSGE childhood, gender issues and and EKDDA sexuality. Specific reference to cases of women who are vic ms of violence (domes c violence, rape, trafficking, persecu on, etc.) and unaccompanied or un- related girls.

10 Training nursing, medical staff Ministry of Health, 2017-2020 and hospital social services staff Hospitals, HCDCP, to iden fy vic ms of violence, EKDDA, in coopera- trafficking etc., as well as Ro- on with GSGE mani women 20 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY

11 Training of the Hellenic Police Ministry of Jus ce, 2018-2020 Force personnel and the prison Transparency and officers on gender equality is- Human Rights, Deten- sues and the special needs of on Centers in col- women prisoners labora on with GSGE, KETHI and EKDDA

12 Legisla ve interven ons to GSGE, Ministry of the 2017 strengthen the par cipa on Interior of migrant/refugee women in social and poli cal life at local and regional level (immigrant- refugee integra on councils, municipal and regional equality commi ees)

13 Emphasizing the characteris cs GSGE, Trade Unions 2018-2019 of female immigra on in the programs and interven ons of secondary and ter ary trade unions

14 Legisla ve interven ons to GSGE, Ministry of 2017-2018 improve legisla on on the treat- Jus ce, Transparency ment of pregnant/ mothers drug and Human Rights users Objec ve 2: Strengthening the GSGE in the formula on of targeted policies for women who suffer mul ple discrimina on and the cre- a on and dissemina on of gender-disaggregated data Beyond the diffusion of a gender perspec ve in policies of other central,regional and local government bodies, the GSGE, aims at making specific policies for women who suffer mul ple discrimina on conduc ng research and studies and developing tools and indicators for these groups. At the same me, the GSGE pursues the strengthening of its administra ve efficiency, so that all the officers familiarize themselves with the subject and provide useful services to par cular categories of the popula on, but also to all ci zens, researchers, bodies, etc. In par cular, the ac ons envisaged are: 21 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 OBJECTIVE 2: STRENGTHENING THE GSGE IN ESTABLISHING TARGETED POLI- CIES FOR MULTIPLE DISADVANTAGES AND DRAWING AND DIS- SEMINATING GENDER-CLASSIFIED DATA ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Establishing an organic unit in the GSGE for women who suffer GSGE, Ministry of In- 1 mul ple discrimina on through terior, Ministry of Ad- 2017 the revision of the Organiza on ministra ve Reform Chart of the Office Development of a survey for women who face mul ple dis- Universi es, EKKE, 2 2018-2020 crimina on and crea on of a KETHI policy tool Monitor the implementa on of specific provisions for vulner-

3 GSGE (Observatory) 2017-2020 able social groups with a gender perspec ve Awareness-raising campaign for the provision of services to

4 GSGE 2018-2020 women who face mul ple dis- crimina on and their rights Training of GSGE personnel on issues related to discrimina on,

5 GSGE and EKDDA 2018 equal treatment and vulnerable social groups Training GSGE officers, Shel- ters, counseling centers and 15900 line personnel in cultural diversifica on, asylum and in- terna onal protec on issues, GSGE, civil society, in the process of referrals for interna onal organi- 6 2016-2020 refugee women vic ms of gen- za ons, competent der violence, in dealing with a government agencies vic m of gender violence in a humanitarian crisis, according to Interna onal Prac ce (GBV Case Management) and others. 22 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Organiza on of conferences where the staff of Counseling Centers and Shelters, along GSGE, UNFPA, civil 7 with Civil Society execu ves and 2017-2020 society professionals from other ins tu- ons will exchange experiences and good prac ces GSGE, Ministry of Crea on of a Project Manage- Immigra on Policy, ment Team for the co-ordina on Ministry of Health, of co-competent bodies in the Ministry of Defense, 8 2016-2020 process of loca ng, referral, General Secretariat hos ng and providing support for Public Health, services to refugee women EKKA, KETHI, EETAA, KEDE, ENPE Provision of material to the staff of Counseling Centers and Shel- GSGE, Recep on and 9 terson asylum procedures, reli- Iden fica on Service 2016-2020 gious and cultural differences, and Asylum Service vic ms of trafficking etc Reform of the EETAA database

10 GSGE, ΕΕΤΑΑ 2016-2020 to include women refugees Objec ve 3: Ensuring equality and elimina ng discrimina on for women who face mul ple discrimina on The General Secretariat for Gender Equality aims to ensure equality and equal opportuni es for women who are subjects to mul ple discrimina on. This objec ve can be achieved through the development of targeted mea- sures and a mul -factorial approach. The ac ons involve empowering of skills, social and psychological support, legal counseling, etc. The ac ons envisaged are: OBJECTIVE 3: ENSURING EQUALITY AND ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATION FOR WOMEN WHO SUFFER MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Ministry of the In- Gran ng vouchers for hos ng terior, Ministry of Labor,

1 Roma children, homeless or 2018-2020 Social Security and Social refugee women in nurseries Solidarity, EETAAA 23 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Training - Voca onal Train- ing Programs, Empowering - Enhancing Female Entrepre- neurship by Establishing busi- GSGE, Ministry of Labor, 2 nesses, KOINSEP etc., staffed Social Security and Social 2017-2020 by released women, women Solidarity, other partners refugees, women vic ms of vio- lence, women heads of single parent families etc Ministry of Educa on, Programs to strengthen the so- Research and Religious cial skills of Roma pupils with a

3 Affairs, EKKA, Civil Soci- 2017-2020 view to smooth school integra- ety in collabora on with on GSGE and KETHI Ministry of Educa on, Seminars of Health promo on, Research and Religious Sexual Educa on and Preven- Affairs, Ministry of on of child/Teenage Gestures

4 Health, Hospitals, Special 2018-2020 with an Emphasis on Family Secretariat for Roma, planning in Roma women and HCDCP in collabora on girls with GSGE Ministry of Educa on, Research and Religious Programs to strengthen the Affairs, Special Secre-

5 Roma family - school rela on- 2018-2020 tariat for Roma, Civil ship Society in collabora on with GSGE Raising awareness of Roma Ministry of Health, Spe- women on domes c violence 6 cial Secretariat for Roma, 2018-2020 and medical care in cases of GSGE abuse Hos ng and providing support services to female refugee vic- ms or poten al vic ms of vio- GSGE, Ministry of Immi- lence or heads of single parent gra on Policy, Ministry 7 families within the framework 2016-2020 of Health, EKKA, KETHI, of the Pan-Hellenic Network of EETAA, KEDE, ENPE structures for preven ng and comba ng violence against women of the GSGE 24 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Issuing of a leaflet for female refugees describing the services GSGE, High Commission- 8 that can be provided to them 2017 er for Refugees (translated into English, Arabic, Persian [farsi]) Issuing of a poster version GSGE, High Commission-

9 (translated into English, Arabic, 2017 er for Refugees Persian [far-right]) Transla on of Shelters’leaflets GSGE, High Commission-

10 (Arabic, Persian, French, Urdu, 2016 er for Refugees Sorani, Kurmanji) Update of the Guide «Guide- lines for the protec on of women and girls during the first recep on in Greece and the GSGE, High Commission- 11 asylum procedure» (2011 edi- 2017 er for Refugees on, in Greek-English) for the informa on of the officers of the recep on services and the NGOs in the field Informa onal mee ngs with Asylum Service, Recep- women refugees in Recep on on and Iden fica on 12 2017-2018 or Shelters about their rights Service, GSGE, Civil so- and available assistance ciety Organiza on of crea ve em- GSGE, Regions, Civil soci- 13 ployment courses and visits to 2016-2020 ety, KETHI archaeological sites Crea on of Shelters for refugee GSGE, Ministry of Immi- 14 women belonging to vulnerable 2017-2020 gra on Policy, Regions groups GSGE, Ministry of Educa- Training in ICT and foreign lan- on, Research and Reli- guages or Greek language for gious Affairs, Ministry of 15 foreign women with a parallel 2017-2020 Labor, Social Security and program of crea ve employ- Social Solidarity, Regions, ment for children Civil Society Ministry of Jus ce, Trans- parency and Human Crea on of a Support Center for

16 Rights, NGO EPANODOS 2018-2020 women released from prison in collabora on with GSGE, Regions 25 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Crea on of sheltered apart- Ministry of Jus ce, NGO ments or gran ng of rent sub-

17 EPANODOS in collabora- 2017-2020 sidy for women released from on with GSGE prison Health programs and free medi- Ministry of Health, Hos- cal examina ons (mental and pitals, Psychotherapeu c 18 physical health, dental care, 2017-2020 Units, HCDCP in collabo- etc.) for women released from ra on with GSGE prison Ministry of Jus ce, De- ten on Centers, Ministry Health educa on programs (in- of Health, Hospitals, forma on and medical exami- Psychotherapeu c Units, 19 na ons) - Special programs for 2017-2020 OKANA, KETHEA and 18 prisoners with mental disorders ANO, HCDCP, Civil soci- and addicts ety, in collabora on with GSGE Awareness raising programs for Ministry of Jus ce, De- mothers in prison on maternity ten on Centers, Ministry 20 2018-2020 and children’s health (vaccina- of Health, Hospitals, in on, dental check, etc.). collabora on with GSGE Programs to help cul vate, develop or relapse the bond of Ministry of Jus ce, De- prisoners with their families - ten on Centers in col- 21 2017-2020 Ac ons to facilitate visits such labora on with GSGE and as transfer of rela ves etc. - Or- professionals in the field ganiza on of «Family Day» Ministry of Jus ce, De- Par cipa on in voca onal train- ten on Centers, Ministry ing workshops and prison work, 22 of Labor, Social Security 2018-2020 providing know-how in terms of and Social Solidarity in social economy coopera on with GSGE Ministry of Jus ce, De- Sport and cultural programs ten on Centers, Civil so- 23 aimed at empowering women ciety in coopera on with 2017-2020 prisoners GSGE and the General Secretariat for Sport Ministry of Jus ce, Informa on ac ons on reinte- Deten on Centers, 24 gra on and support structures 2017-2020 EPANODOS,in coopera- a er release on with GSGE 26 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY GSGE, Region, Municipal- ity of Athens, 18 ANO, Crea on of hos ng structures OKANA, KETHEA, Na on- 25 and support services for abused 2017-2020 al Center for Documenta- toxic addicted women on and Informa on on Drugs 27 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE The General Secretariat for Gender Equality (GSGE)is to develop, in its new programming period (2016-2020), a series of ac ons and ini a ves on preven ng and comba ng violence against women, thus con nuing its effec- ve interven on of the previous period. According to the CEDAW final remarks and proposals based on the 7th Greek Report 2005-2008 (CEDAW 2013), the Commission welcomes the adop on of the «Na onal Program for the Preven on and Fight against Vio- lence Against Women (2009) -2013) and the «Na onal Program on Gender Equality (2010-2013)». However, it urges Greece to give priority to the fight against violence against women and girls and to adopt comprehensive mea- sures to combat such violence in line with its no 19(1992) General recom- menda on. The following measures must be included: • Ensuring that na onal legisla on on violence against women is strictly enforced and that women and girls who are vic ms of violence have direct access to rehabilita on and protec on, as well as ensuring that perpetrators are prosecuted and punished. • Raising public awareness through the media and educa onal programs and providing compulsory training to judges, prosecutors, police, jour- nalists and educa onal staff to ensure that they are aware of all forms of violence against women and girls and that they can provide ade- quate support to the vic ms, having regard to the sex factor. • Encouraging women to report cases of domes c and sexual violence through the de-s gma za on of the vic ms and awareness of the criminal nature of such acts. • Providing adequate assistance and protec on to women vic ms of vio- lence through the crea on of shelters, especially in rural areas, and strengthening coopera on with non-governmental organiza ons pro- viding shelter and rehabilita on for vic ms. • Collec ng sta s cal data on all forms of violence against women, in- cluding domes c violence by gender, age, ethnic/minority iden ty and the rela onship between the vic m and the perpetrator and develop- ing studies and/or researches into the extent of violence against wom- en and the causes of it. In addi on, the Commission invites Greece to fully implement Ar cle 6 of the Conven on and: 28 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY • Ensure the effec ve implementa on of na onal an -trafficking legisla- on. • Conduct studies and researches that include the prolifera on of pros- tu on, to provide evidence for the pursuit of the above objec ve • Ensure the reintegra on and social inclusion of vic ms by providing them with, inter alia, shelter and assistance. According to the UN (UNIFEM 2013), the key strategies for elimina ng violence against women and girls are as follows: (A) Inves ng in gender equality and empowering women, (B) Introducing or revising legisla on, (C) Developing holis c, mul disciplinary policies and na onal ac on plans, (D) Ensuring resources and integra ng gender budge ng, (E) Promo ng primary preven on, (F) Reinforcing key areas for promo ng change, (G)Developing a coordinated response at local level, (H)Par cipa on of key groups, (I) Building competence and skills (J) Conduc ng surveys, collec ng and analyzing data; and (K) Monitoring and accountability. In order to reduce and prevent violence against women, there is a need for an integrated, strategic, rather than a fragmentary, approach that will in- vest dynamically in all areas of preven on (primary, secondary and ter ary), that will fully cover the field of coping all forms of violence and that will be implemented at na onal level. In other words, the effec ve and systema c preven on and tackling of violence against women requires the involvement of many different agen- cies of the state (e.g. police and prosecu ng authori es, medical services, employment services, etc.), of the local government (e.g. Welfare services, etc.) and of volunteers. In par cular, it requires the interconnec on of the different services involved in the mul ple support and protec on of vic ms, in their referral to the competent services, in the prosecu on of offenders, etc. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure the interconnec on of services as well as the mul -agency approach at na onal and regional or local level (Vougiouka 2011). By taking all the above into account and understanding the importance of the issue for democracy, development and social cohesion, in genuine- ly adverse condi ons, the GSGE sets as a central objec ve to prevent and combat all forms of violence against women through effec ve, coordinated government policies and prac ces, and the free - from all forms of violence - 29 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 development of the personality of women and men based on equality, ac- ceptance of diversity and mutual respect. Its main priori es are: • Measures to prevent and combat violence against women • The evalua on of the network for comba ng violence against women Within the framework of these priori es, the GSGE has created an un- paid Project Management Team for the immediate ra fica on and approval by the Greek Parliament of the Council of Europe Conven on on Preven on and Comba ng Violence Against women and domes c violence (the Istan- bul Conven on). The Team was made up of gender experts, social scien sts, specialist lawyers, etc. and its missions were to examine the implementa- on framework of the Conven on and to take the necessary measures. The implementa on of the Conven on will be launched through the adop on of the Unified Law on Comba ng Violence against Women in all areas of the private and public sphere. The work of the Project Management Team for the ra fica on of the Istanbul Conven on was completed and its outcome has already been delivered to the Ministry of Jus ce. Moreover, the GSGE has integrated the exis ng support structures for the Network against Violence in the new financial period 2014-2020 and is al- ready implemen ng relevant ac ons. The services of the structures con nue to be provided, free of charge, to women who have suffered or are subject to violence and/or mul ple discrimina on, by specialized staff in individual or group mee ngs with counseling aimed at empowering them. In addi on, the GSGE recognizing the need for social services, especially during the eco- nomic crisis, has extended the services provided to the field of employment counseling for women vic ms of violence and/or mul ple discrimina on. En- riching the services provided with employment counseling is an innova ve element, par cularly important, as it will help women meet their mul ple needs more effec vely. The ac ons are provided in the context of the opera on of the Counseling Centers, are indicated by the need to ensure the integrity of the interven- ons. In par cular, support and assistance ac ons concern the following: • Psychosocial and legal support ac ons  Informa on and awareness services on gender-based violence is- sues.  Psychological and social counseling services with a gender perspec- ve (specialized counseling of women vic ms of violence)  Legal counseling and informa on services on the rights of wom- en vic ms of violence, the relevant legisla on, the procedures for complaint, prosecu on, etc. 30 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY  Referral and / or escort services (when required) of women vic ms of violence to shelters hos ng abused women and their children, police and prosecutors, court, etc.  Referral and / or escort services (when required) to women to hos- pitals or health centers, social policy agencies, employment agen- cies, child care and support agencies, etc.  Referral services to a Legal Aid Program  Networking with the relevant bodies to promote employment, ed- uca on and training, in order to improve the employment situa on of women who are vic ms of violence and/or suffer mul ple dis- crimina on and experience increasing unemployment rates (OAED, University Interconnec on Offices, Chambers, Commercial Profes- sional Associa ons, Employment Promo on Agencies of Regions and Municipali es, Lifelong Learning Centers 1 & 2, Second chance schools, Community Centers of Municipali es and specialized sup- port centers for Roma/Immigrants, etc.)  Employment counseling and informa on services. • Networking ac ons  Networking of the Counseling Centers with each other, as well as with the Shelters and other stakeholders (e.g. SOS 15900 help-line, police, hospitals, social services, Civil Society, etc.).  Networking with the Community centers of municipali es and their annexes. • Informa on and awareness-raising ac ons to prevent and combat violence against women in synergy with the horizontal publicity and awareness-raising project implemented by GSGE. Shelters for women vic ms of violence con nue to operate as structures that can temporarily host 20 women with their children (women vic ms of violence and/or mul ple discrimina on) with the support of appropriate sci- en fic staff. Shelters are safe places of residence for women vic ms of vio- lence and their children. In addi on, the GSGE, as beneficiary, implements the Act en tled «Hori- zontal Interven ons of Na onal Scope» (OP «Public Sector Reform 2014- 2020»). Under this Act: • The SOS 15900 help line con nues to operate on a 24-hour basis (365 days a year), with a mission to: a) provide immediate assistance to emergency and urgent cases of violence; 31 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 b) provide informa on and refer women vic ms of violence to Counseling Centers and related services; c) provide telephone support. The SOS 15900 Line also provides in- forma on and psychosocial support to women living in remote areas or in areas without other support structures. • The Network Opera on Model and methodology for approaching counseling through related tools (Counseling Services and Support Structure Guide, Sexual Harassment Manual, Network Opera on Regula ons, Codes of Ethics, etc.) are strengthened. • These tools are going to be updated (Network Opera on Regula- ons, Codes of Ethics etc.) and/or developed (eg Guide for Counsel- ing on employment issues etc.), in line with the new needs of the Act, in order to ensure a Unified Service Quality System in the Network. • Publicity ac ons are being developed centrally, using various com- munica on tools and media (tv / radio spot, workshops, brochures, etc.), aiming primarily at providing targeted informa on and raising awareness on gender issues (domes c violence, sexual harassment, rape, pros tu on and trafficking, etc.), as well as the preven ng such phenomena. The GSGE will con nuously enrich the content of www. womensos.gr and its Facebook page with texts, studies/researches, legisla on, etc., so that all ci zens have access to the current trends on the issue of violence against women. In addi on, the GSGE is to develop publicity ac ons on the Conven on, its Op onal Protocol and the CEDAW General Recommenda ons to raise aware- ness of women’s human rights and to establish a legal culture that supports non-discrimina on and equality between women and men. • Training courses are developed for the staff/counselors of the net- work of structures on issues related to their special es and compe- tences and according to the needs arising from the opera on of the structures. In order to more effec vely address and monitor violence against women (Vougioukas 2013), evalua ons at na onal, regional and local level will be carried out on the func oning of the structures of the Network to Prevent and Combat Violence Against Women. Evalua on ac ons can make a decisive contribu on to assessing ef- fec veness and highligh ng areas that need to be improved and/or changed. 32 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Thus, these ac ons will include: evalua ons, annual progress reports, na- onal reports on gender equality, and coopera on with the media to dis- seminate informa on on the progress of implemented policies and ac ons. As targe ng needs to be clear in order to be measurable, relevant indicators (qualita ve and quan ta ve) will be used so that monitoring is scien fically reliable and linked to the periodic reports that the country is required to sub- mit to the CEDAW Commi ee and interna onal organiza ons on the basis of its conven onal obliga ons. Public policies to tackle violence against women are rela vely recent in Greece, although in recent years the GSGE has developed a wide range of tar- geted ac ons and ins tu onal interven ons with significant results at a for- mal and substan ve level. However, there are areas related to various types of violence against women (e.g. trafficking, violence against elderly women and women with disabili es, etc.), which need further inves ga on, analysis and reinforcement through measures and the development of ac ons. Wom- en and young girls are o en exposed to serious incidents and acts of violence such as rape, coercion to marriage, female genital mu la on, which cons - tute serious viola ons of their human rights and a major barrier to genuinely achieving gender equality. Besides developing strategies,it is necessary to fully understand the way gender-based inequali es and discrimina on are interconnected for specific groups of women with different characteris cs/iden ty variables (e.g. age, ethnicity, religion, work situa on, sexual orienta on, etc.) in order to rec- ognize the obstacles of these groups in accessing services and rights and to provide them with appropriate services tailored to their par cular needs, on the basis of respect for diversity. Objec ve 1: Implementa on and revision of legisla on ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Ministry of Jus ce, Co-opera on with the relevant Transparency and Hu- bodies for the reform of the Penal 1 man Rights, GSGE, 2017-2020 Code - proposals and consulta on women’s organiza- of the relevant dra law ons, civil society 33 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Vo ng of a Single Law on Vio- lence Against Women, in line with Ministry of Jus ce, CEDAW recommenda ons to tack- Transparency and Hu- le violence at work and in society 2 man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 (including pros tu on, trafficking, tory working groups of cyber-bullying, genital mu la on GSGE and other forms of gender based violence) Se ng up a Special Commi ee to GSGE, Greek Na onal dra a legisla ve proposal to pro- Rapporteur on Traf- 3 2017-2018 tect women from violence and the ficking in Human Be- exploita on of pros tu on. ings, other bodies Greek Parliament, Informing and ac va ng the Parlia- GSGE,Greek Na onal 4 mentary Commi ee Against Traf- Rapporteur on Traf- 2016-2020 ficking in Human Beings ficking in Human Be- ings, other bodies Domes c violence against women ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Ra fica on of the Council of Eu- rope Conven on on Preven on and Comba ng Violence Against Women and Domes c Violence (Is- GSGE, Ministry of Jus- tanbul Conven on) - Adapta on of ce, Transparency and 1 2016 civil, criminal and procedural law. Human Rights, other The GSGE has created an unpaid bodies Project Commi ee for the immedi- ate ra fica on by the Greek Parlia- ment Conven on Establishment of a Preliminary Dra ing Commi ee to elaborate on the conclusion reached by the Ministry of Jus ce, GSGE Preparatory Commi ee on Transparency and Hu- 2 2017 the ra fica on of the Istanbul Con- man Rights, GSGE, ven on in order to take the form other bodies of a Bill and be voted by the Parlia- ment 34 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Addi ons and improvements to Law on Domes c Violence (Law nr. 3500/2006), concerning also all the ar cles of the Penal Code that are specified by the Law a) Review of Ar cles on Criminal Media on b) Taking into account the Cohabi- Ministry of Jus ce, ta on Agreement to see if the con- Transparency and Hu- 3 cept of «family» is redefined man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 c) Inclusion of economic violence tory working groups of in the concept of domes c vio- GSGE lence d) Extending women’s protec- on provisions to stable non- marital partners and to former (non-spouse) partners who have acquired a child regardless of ha- bitual residence (criminal law) Proposal for Amendment of Law Ministry of Jus ce, 3811/2009 on Compensa on to Transparency and Hu- Vic ms, in accordance with the 4 man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 Project Commi ee Conclusion on tory working groups of the ra fica on of the Istanbul Con- GSGE ven on State Media on to Provide Main- Ministry of Jus ce, tenance (Form of Economic Vio- Transparency and Hu- 5 lence) and by Self-Employed and man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 Private Employees (in the form of tory working groups of third-party a achment) GSGE Ministry of Jus ce, Proposal for the crea on of a Vic- Transparency and Hu- m Support Fund, to be funded 6 man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 from funds deriving from part of tory working groups of financial penal es GSGE Compensa on of chronic psycho- Ministry of Jus ce, logical violence and criminaliza on Transparency and Hu- 7 of the psychological harm to chil- man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 dren in order to harm the former tory working groups of partner (criminal law) GSGE 35 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Coverage by order of a public pros- ecutor, of mental health profes- Ministry of Jus ce, sionals for examina on-support Transparency and Hu- 8 of minors without the necessary man Rights, prepara- 2017-2020 consent of a parent when the con- tory working groups of cernedparent has custody by court GSGE order (criminal law) Caring for the professional rehabili- ta on of women vic ms of gender Ministry of Labor, 9 violence and taking measures to 2017-2020 OAED, GSGE facilitate their work, in line with the Spanish Law/Ac on Plan Sexual harassment against women ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Proposal for Amendment of the Ministry of Jus ce, Ar cle 337 of the Penal Code, in Transparency and Hu- 1 accordance with the Project Com- man Rights, prepara- 2017-2019 mi ee’s Conclusion on the Ra fica- tory working groups of on of the Istanbul Conven on GSGE Bullying against women ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Ar cle 312 of the Penal Code - Damage caused by con nuous tough behavior Ministry of Jus ce, As amended by Law 4322/2015 Transparency and Hu- (Ar cle 8) to cover cases of bully- 1 man Rights, prepara- 2017-2019 ing. Extension to adults and explicit tory working groups of reference to «family» members GSGE and those who have a rela onship and live in the same house (see family defini on in L.3500 / 2006) 36 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Genital mu la on ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Proposal for amendment of Ar cle Ministry of Jus ce, 310 of the Penal Code, in line with Transparency and Hu- 1 the Commission’s Conclusion on man Rights, prepara- 2017-2019 the Ra fica on of the Istanbul tory working groups of Conven on GSGE Forced marriages ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Proposal to add/amend paragraph Ministry of Jus ce, 1 of the exis ng ar cle 323A of the Transparency and Hu- Penal Code, in accordance with the 1 man Rights, prepara- 2017-2019 Project Commi ee’s Conclusion tory working groups of on the Ra fica on of the Istanbul GSGE Conven on Furthermore, significant changes and improvements need to be made in Greek legisla on, with parallel coordinated and non-fragmentary preven ve ac ons to tackle barriers to every stage of public policy implementa on, as well as to the effec ve promo on of equality. Based on the above, the two main priori es of GSGE are further analyzed in the following objec ves: Objec ve 2: Holis c and mul -sectoral support for women vic ms of violence and / or mul ple discrimina on (e.g. migrant women, refugees, Roma, etc.) VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (ALL FORMS) ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Con nuing and strengthening the 1 structures of the Network against GGEF, KETHI 2016-2020 violence 37 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Integra on of Counseling on em- 2 ployment issuesinto the services of GSIF, KETHI, EKDDA 2016-2020 the Network against violence Strengthening the opera onal mode of the Network and the meth- odology of approaching counseling through relevant tools (Guide of Provision of Counseling Services and

3 GGEF, KETHI 2016-2020 Opera on of Suppor ng Structures, Manual of Sexual Harassment, Opera on Rules of the Structures, Codes of Ethics, etc.) and upda ng them Development of training courses for GSGE, KETHI, EHIC, the members of the Network on is- 4 civil society, other 2016-2020 sues related to their special es and bodies competencies Psychological supervision of the staff of the structures for their sup- port and empowerment, aiming at 5 crea ng a safe framework and limits GGEF, KETHI 2016-2020 in the performance of the tasks of the staff, to provide op mal support services for women Provision of free legal assistance services to women vic ms of vio- GSGE, KETHI, Bar As- 6 2016-2020 lence, in coopera on with Bar As- socia ons socia ons, Bar Associa ons, civil Crea on of a unified ins tu onal society, (e.g. DIOTIMA, framework for providing free legal European Network 7 2016-2020 assistance-representa on to vic ms Against Violence, Fam- of violence ily and Child Care Cen- ter, etc.) 38 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY VIOLENCE AGAINST ELDERLY WOMEN ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, local govern- Design of interven ons for older ment, Civil Society, women carers to raise awareness 1 elderly support ins tu- 2017-2020 and inform on gender violence is- ons, KHFH, “Help at sues Home” program etc. Informa on and awareness rais- ing for older women on Structures GSGE, KETHI, local 2 to prevent and combat violence 2017-2020 government, media against women and support for vic- ms of violence VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Training for girls and women with disabili es, their families and care- GSGE, KETHI, EKDDA, givers on how to prevent, recognize Ministry of Educa on, 1 2017-2020 and report violence and abuse, and Research and Religious on exis ng support services and the Affairs ins tu onal framework Strengthening the services provided GSGE, KETHI, local to women with disabili es vic ms government, Ministry 2 2017-2020 of gender-based violence, taking of Ci zen Protec on, into account their par cular needs Ministry of Jus ce FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Mul ple support for women vic ms GSGE, KETHI, OTA,

1 (health care, psychosocial support, Ministry of Health, Mi- 2016-2020 etc.) gra on Organiza ons 39 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 VIOLENCE AGAINST ROMA WOMEN IN GREECE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Encouraging Roma women who are vic ms of gender-based violence to GSGE, Ministry of the report incidents and perpetrators Interior, Ministry of 1 through informa on and aware- Educa on, Research 2017-2020 ness-raising ac ons on ins tu onal and Religious Affairs, and policies implemented by the Civil Society state Objec ve 3: Raising awareness of the wider popula on, training profession- als and developing networking VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (ALL FORMS) ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Government, Publicity Ac ons for the CEDAW Ministries, Parliament,

1 Conven on and its Recommenda- 2017-2020 Judiciary, Local Au- ons on Violence Issues thori es Enriching the content of the website 2 www.womensos.gr and the GSGE GSGE 2016-2020 Facebook page Collabora on and training of health Ministry of Health- 3 units staff (doctors, nurses, social Health System (Hospi- 2016-2020 workers, etc.) tals), GSGE, EKDDA DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Educa on - training seminars and

1 GSGE, KETHI, EKDDA 2016-2020 awareness raising for judges 40 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Reforming curricula of the Na onal Ministry of Jus ce,

2 School of Judges by including rel- GSGE, EKDDA, Bar As- 2016-2020 evant lessons on domes c violence socia ons Ministry of Ci zen Implementa on of training cycles Protec on, Ministry 3 for police officers, civil servants, of Educa on Research 2016-2020 teachers and Religious Affairs, GSGE, KETHI, EKDDA Ministry of Ci zen Sending again to all Police Depart- Protec on, GSGE, 4 ments the relevant legisla on and 2016 Prosecutor’s Office on the Order on Domes c Violence Domes c Violence Ministry of Ci zen Strengthening the theme of vio- Protec on, Ministry of 5 lence against women in the training Educa on, Research 2016-2020 of police schools and Religious Affairs, EKDDA, Legal Schools Ministry of Educa on, Research and Religious Introducing courses on gender Affairs, University violence at all levels of educa on,

6 Departments of Law, 2016-2020 par cularly in ter ary educa on Psychology, Medicine, programs Psychiatry etc GSGE, KETHI, EKDDA Training of mental health profes- sionals working in municipali es, hospitals, mental health centers in: GSGE, Ministry of 7 2016-2020 (a) recogni on of, (b) risk assess- Health, EKDDA ment and (c) ways of advising vic- ms of domes c violence 41 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 SEXUAL HARASSMENT AGAINST WOMEN ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, KETHI, Ministry of Educa on, Ministry Informa on and awareness raising of Health, Ministry on forms of sexual harassment in of Ci zen Protec on, 1 workplaces, educa onal ins tu- 2016-2020 Trade Unions, Labor ons, mental health ins tu ons, the Inspectorate, Local Au- Internet thori es, Civil Society, Media ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING AND EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Office of the Na onal Rapporteur Informa on and awareness-raising for Comba ng Traffick- ac ons for pupils and young people 1 ing in Human Beings, 2016-2020 by se ng up an awareness cam- Ministry of Educa on, paign Research and Religious Affairs Training of professionals (port guards, nursing and medical staff, police officers and employees of Reserva on Centers) in iden fying GSGE, competent Min- 2 2016-2020 poten al vic ms of trafficking and istries, EKDDA taking concrete steps in co-oper- a on with ins tu ons to protect them 42 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY BULLYING AGAINST WOMEN ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, KETHI, Ministry of Educa on, Research and Religious Affairs, Informa on and awareness-raising Ministry of Health, on bullying in workplaces, educa-

1 Ministry of Ci zen Pro- 2017-2020 onal ins tu ons, mental health tec on, Trade Unions, ins tu ons, the Internet Labor Inspectorate, Local Authori es, Civil Society, Media VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Men oning of people with disabili- es in awareness and informa on GSGE, KETHI, Local au- campaigns on gender based vio- 1 thori es, Media, com- 2017-2020 lence and mainstreaming of dis- petent authori es ability in all public policies against gender based violence Training programs for professionals working with women with disabili-

2 GSGE, KETHI, EKDDA 2017-2020 es in gender based violence issues. Produc on of related material Producing accessible awareness GSGE, KETHI, Local 3 material for people with disabili es authori es, competent 2017-2020 (different FORMS and «languages») authori es Establishing protocols and codes of conduct for professionals who take care of and support women with GSGE, KETHI, Ministry 4 2017-2020 disabili es to prevent gender based of Health violence and abuse and to effec ve- ly protect women with disabili es 43 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 VIOLENCE IN YOUNG COUPLES ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Awareness raising seminars for teachers on the recogni on, man-

1 GSGE, KETHI, EKDDA 2016-2020 agement and referral of girls vic ms of violence to competent bodies Awareness raising seminars for GSGE, Secondary 2 adolescent for developing skills for Directorates of Educa- 2016-2020 equal and healthy love rela onships on Conclusion of coopera on protocols GSGE, Secondary with local educa on directorates

3 Directorates of Educa- 2016-2020 and awareness-raising mee ngs in on schools FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE A campaign to raise awareness of GSGE, civil society, 1 the public on the value of this cus- Immigra on Organiza- 2017-2020 tom ons, Local Authori es Seminars to raise awareness among younger genera ons, especially GSGE, Primary and 2 those growing up in schools with Secondary Educa on 2017-2020 such popula ons, of the risks and Directorates consequences of this prac ce Working with migrant communi es, organizing discussions and se ng up GSGE, Civil Society, Mi- informa on networks and recep on gra on Organiza ons, centers where mothers or poten al

3 Local Authori es, 2017-2020 minor vic ms can take refuge and Hospitals, Ministry of provide them with detailed and Health responsible informa on on the dan- gers of the child 44 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY EARLY AND FORCED MARRIAGES ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Ministry of Interior, Educa onal campaigns in Roma and GSGE, Ministry of Im- in immigrant and refugee communi- 1 migra on Policy, Lo- 2016-2020 es on the effects of early/forced cal Authori es, Civil marriages on girls and boys Society Strengthen awareness-raising ac vi- Ministry of Educa on, es in educa on to encourage girls

2 Research and Religious 2016-2020 and boys to resist early/forced mar- Affairs, GSGE riages Training of intercultural mediators Ministry of Interior, to inform parents about the pro-

3 GSGE, Local Authori- 2016-2020 hibi on of early/forced marriages es, Civil Society based on current legisla on Objec ve 4: Monitoring violence against women and evalua ng the Net- work ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Crea on of a Task Force aiming to monitor the opera on of the Net- work of structures to Prevent and GSGE, KETHI, Execu- Combat Gender-based Violence, 1 ve Structure NSRF/ 2016-2020 exchange views and know-how, Ministry of Interior promote mutual informa on on the implementa on of all ac ons and submit relevant proposals Supervising, monitoring and coor- dina ng the Structures of the Net- work, aiming at the effec ve imple- menta on of both the Common 2 framework for the opera on of the GSGE, KETHI 2016-2020 Structures and the Methodology of approaching the consulta ve pro- cess and development of counseling services 45 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Con nuing, enriching and devel- oping the opera on of the single GSGE, KETHI, Hellenic electronic database of beneficiaries Agency for Local De- and expanding it with new records, 3 velopment and Local 2016-2020 data and fields to make it possible Government (EETAA to review the work of both the con- S.A.) sultants/execu ves and the network structures GSGE, KETHI, ESF Ac ons Coordina- Assessment of the opera on of on and Monitoring 4 structures aiming at the improve- Authority(EYSEKT), 2017-2020 ment of the project Execu ve Structure NSRF/Ministry of In- terior Hellenic Police, Pros- Carrying out surveys - Essen al, ecutors, ELSTAT, EKKE, easy to use and accessible sta s-

5 GSGE, KETHI, local 2016-2020 cs that will help design policies to authori es, EKKA, civil tackle gender violence society Research and studies on violence and abuse against older people in formal and informal care providers for the purpose of recording the GSGE, EKKE, Universi- different forms of violence experi- 6 es (gender studies), 2017-2020 enced by women and the specific local authori es forms of support and assistance that should be designed to prevent and tackle violence against older women Research to record data on violence GSGE, EKKE, Universi- 7 against women and girls with dis- es (gender studies), 2017-2020 abili es local authori es Performing research to collect GSGE, EKKE, Universi- 8 quan ta ve and qualita ve data on 2016-2020 es (gender studies) marriages of minors Collec on and dissemina on of ELSTAT, Observatory, quan ta ve and qualita ve data (by Civil Society, Ministry 9 2017-2020 gender and ethnicity) on violence of Jus ce, Ministry of against Roma women Ci zen Protec on 46 LABOR MARKET, RECONCILIATION OF FAMILY AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE The economic crisis experienced by Greece and the prolonged austerity policies implemented over the past six years have resulted in a drama c drop in employment for both women and men. The policies implemented in the public sector (reduc on of recruitments), legisla on on the reduc on of la- bor rights in the private sector (limi ng the protec on of employees from collec ve redundancies, reduc on of over me compensa on, flexible work- ing hours), but also the opera on and the taxa on of small and medium-sized enterprises and self-employed workers have had a significant impact on em- ployment in the public sector (reduced entry and exit waves) but also in the private sector for the employees, the self-employed and the entrepreneurs. These measures also have gender consequences as they have dispropor- onately affected women, young people and migrants, who are more con- centrated than men in the lower part of the wage scale and in the secondary sector of work (Karamessini2015: 261- 2). At the same me, issues such as the gender pay gap and pension gap, the glass ceiling, the under-representa on of women in specific sectors of the economy, persist as gender inequali es, which interact with the new social and economic condi ons that emerged in the last six years. In par cular, the shrinkage of male employment, which can be seen as a reduc on of gender inequali es in employment, does not mean improving of the posi on of women in the workplace nor compensates for the accumu- lated inequality and discrimina on against women over the years. In par cu- lar, for the period of the economic crisis, as stated by Karamessini (2015), the female employment rate has fallen to such an extent that it has reached the corresponding rate of 1997, while the female unemployment rate has risen to similar heights. It should be noted that the employment crisis affected mainly middle and high-educa on women, who mainly worked in the public sector. Indica vely, according to the sta s cs of the Greek Labor Force Employ- ment Organiza on (OAED), the male unemployment rate climbed from 5.4% to 23.5% (18.1% increase) and the female from 11.8% to 30.4% (18.6% in- crease) between the second quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2014 (Karamessini, 2015: 252). For November 2016, there are once again high un- employment rates for women (62.35%), compared with 37.65% for men. 47 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 These figures are complemented by quan ta ve and qualita ve data from a survey conducted in 2015 on behalf of the GSGE en tled «Unemploy- ment, Precarity and Gender Inequali es: Impact of the Crisis on Women and Households in Greece», according to which the in the period 2008-2014,un- employment is par cularly affec ng women irrespec ve of their age, show- ing higher rates in the 18-30 and 45-65 age groups. Unemployment rates are much higher in secondary educa on women, from those with primary or higher educa on. Female unemployment is long-term, while most women have been employed under fixed-term contracts by government agencies and local government organiza ons or have joined in businesses as trainees. In addi on, the majority of employees employed by a public sector body through the five-month OAED Public Benefit Programs were women. On the other hand, the policy of intense and prolonged austerity has led to radical ins tu onal changes that have completely reversed the wage forma- on system in the public and private sectors of the economy and the pa ern of employment and working me regula on. As the annual Report for the Greek economy and employment in 2015 of the Ins tute of Labor of GSEE showed, during the economic crisis there is a reduc on in wage labor with a typical employment rela onship of 21.3%, while almost two-thirds of this reduc on is for men. Temporary employment, respec vely, decreased by 1/4 and by 82.2 thousand employees, 88% of whom were full- me employees (71.8 thousand) mainly women. The figures show a consolidated situa on where 50% of recruitment is part- me, including rota onal employment, while 50% of permanent work includes a range of flexible forms of work. With regard to undeclared work for women, this concerns mainly employ- ment in jobs related to domes c work, home and professional space clean- ing, social care for the elderly and children, private home schooling for pupils, commercial travelling and employment in the restaurant sector (GSGE 2015). Employed women have low paid and precarious jobs, o en with li le room for promo on, unable to develop professionally and educa onally, so- cially stagnant and o en unable to join collec ves and organized ac vi es, while they undertake large loads of family work and o en are vic ms of do- mes c violence (GSGE2015). As a result of these findings, a large propor on of the female popula on experiencing gender discrimina on is isolated, while high unemployment rates trap women into poverty, forcing them either to fall into a state of ‘per- manent poverty’ or to be maintained by their friends or families without any professional way out and social perspec ve (GSIE 2015). Regarding entrepreneurship, on the basis of global, European and na- onal studies (GEM, Ioannidis 2007), female par cipa on in entrepreneurial 48 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY ac vity is steadily lower than that of men. Indica vely, we men on that in 2012 only 31% of all self-employed ci zens in EU-28 were women (European Commission 2014). Along with the quan ta ve, there is also a qualita ve difference, as wom- en are mainly employed in sectors such as health services, social work or ed- uca on, while men are more involved in construc on, transport and informa- on and communica on technologies. Women entrepreneurs seem to focus primarily on consumer services, while only 19% of female entrepreneurship provides business services, with 14% focusing on manufacturing and around 5% working in the primary sector. Nevertheless, women entrepreneurs tend to have a slightly higher tendency than men to follow a strategy of extro- version, while in the period of crisis, businesses run by a female employer showed a higher resilience (Karamessini2015). With regard to the social and solidarity economy, which is defined as the space between the private and public sectors of the economy and which carries out economic ac vi es with social aims and goals, Greece generally has the lowest rates of relevant experience among the 15 Member States of the EU. The 2009 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research shows that although men are more likely to start a social enterprise, women have a more ac ve role as entrepreneurs. In 2016, the Law on Social Solidarity and Solidarity Economy (Law no. 4430) was adopted, where, besides the Social Coopera ve Society (KIN.SEP), the workers’ coopera ves were also adopted. Given the difficulty of women entering the labor market due to the wide- spread austerity policies implemented and s ll being implemented in Greece, the establishment of women’s social and solidarity-based enterprises would be a way of tackling and reducing the unemployment rate for women –espe- cially those with a high level of educa on - and promo ng gender equality in entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the collec ve purpose of coopera ve socie es is con- sistent with women’s incen ves for entrepreneurial ac on, which are related to the provision of services of social benefit and not just profit-making. The establishment and staffing of coopera ve enterprises by women would con- tribute to the destabiliza on of the exis ng gendered hierarchies and exclu- sions and would help change stereotyped percep ons regarding the role of women in the business world. It is therefore es mated that women’s engage- ment with social entrepreneurship could strengthen their posi on in Greek society and reduce the gender imbalances brought about by the austerity measures. 49 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 In rela on to women’s employment in the agricultural sector, the evidence we have is incomplete. This is directly related to the fact that women working in the agricultural sector do not appear on the official labor market and there- fore do not enjoy rights such as those provided by current labor law (pay, insurance, etc.). They are usually employed on family farms through their role as spouses or daughters, without being paid or insured for their work. Moreover, only a small number of women appear to have property rights in the agricultural and livestock exploita on. Thus, although women are em- ployed in rural ac vi es and play a decisive role in the economic develop- ment of rural areas, their work is usually not recognized either in legal or social terms, as it is absent through the promo on and social recogni on of work of the Greek male farmer. As Nazou (Nazou 2006, p. 15) states, male farmers are professionalized, while female farmers are domes cated. The crea on of businesses by women alongside or independently of the family - mainly agricultural - business marks the transi on from the role of the assis ng, silent and unpaid member of the family farm to the new eco- nomic and social role of the entrepreneur (Gidarakou 2005). Nevertheless, it remains a ques on whether such a role promotes a stereotypical percep on of the iden ty of the woman as guardian of tradi on by consolida ng the connec on of the female iden ty with nature. In view of the above, the GSGE, through its ac ons, aims to recognize the work of the female farmer and its legal safeguarding, while detrac ng from the stereotypical percep on that rural labor has a male sign. In this case, the goal is the economic self-reliance of women through rural employment, as well as the strengthening of their social posi on within the local communi- es. As far as the ICT sector is concerned, according to the literature, the in- troduc on of informa on and communica on technologies into the labor market benefited men in the first place, as it actually divided the work into male and female work (Stra gaki 1986). Women have occupied numerous data entry posi ons with li le prospect of development, while men have oc- cupied the scarcer professional posi ons of developers and analysts with in- creased demands and high earnings (Stra gaki 1989). Finally, the percentage of women choosing computer studies remains low due to poor informa on, lack of self-confidence and dependence on tradi onal standards (Marmata- kis - Molek 1989). As far as women’s skills are concerned, considering the frequency of PC use, according to ELSTAT ICT Surveys for ICT use, for the year 2014, there are no differences between men and women of the same educa onal level. It 50 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY also appears that women have digital competences which do not channel ac- cordingly during job search, and when they enter the ICT labor market, they occupy less crea ve posi ons with fewer opportuni es for development, which reproduces and strengthens inequali es between men and women in this area. In this difficult environment, the demand for digital skills in Europe is steadily rising, while in Greece, in the midst of the economic crisis, 20% of job opportuni es offered by companies in new technology sectors could not be covered due to a lack of appropriate skills. At the same me, in this cri cal area for development, women only par cipate by 30%. Under-representa on of women in the cri cal ICT sector highlights the need for coordinated mea- sures and ac ons in educa on and employment that will open new paths for women. New technologies and digital skills can be used in a way that favors women’s employment and the elimina on of inequali es in the labor mar- ket. The challenge is to drive women into higher and more crea ve posi ons, which to date are occupied by men in most cases, and not just flexible jobs, which will in turn promote professional segrega on. With regard to the pay gap between men and women, it reflects all gen- der inequali es in the labor market. The gender pay gap is defined as the dif- ference between male and female earnings, based on the average difference between the gross hourly earnings of all employees. In Greece, the wage gap was 15% (compared to 16.3% in the EU27) (European Commission 2014) ac- cording to the latest published figures for 2010 (ELSTAT). Unfortunately, there are no new official figures for Greece about its evolu on. However, taking into account the lowering of minimum wages and the weakening of collec ve bargaining and arbitra on that set basic salaries, Karamessini almost certain- ly thinks that women are more affected as they are concentrated at the bot- tom of the salary scale. She states, of course, that the recession affects the evolu on of the gender pay gap in a complexedway, and that the change in the composi on of male and female employment (Karamessini2015) should also be studied. The pay gap between the two sexes exists despite the fact that women perform be er at school and at university than men. The gender pay gap is a complex and mul -factorial issue, wider than the legal issue of «equal pay for equal work». O en, while equal pay for equal work is legally established, it is in prac ce not applicable (EU 2014: 8). Main reasons include under-repre- senta on in posi ons of responsibility, gender segrega on in the workplace, workplace discrimina on that may arise from workplace prac ces and pay- roll systems. In par cular, the working female popula on o en encounters 51 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 difficul es in accessing the economic and poli cal decision-making centers. The glass roof prevents most of the popula on from occupying high and therefore be er paid posi ons. In addi on, work-family life balance issues o en force women to work part- me, in low-paid jobs and being excluded from managerial posi ons. The issue of the gender pension gap is an issuer elated to the gender pay gap. Based on the study by Tinios P., Be o F. and Be G (2015), which draws data from EU-SILC 2012 on the incomes of 2011, the average gender gap in pensions of all EU Member States is 40%. Greece ranks eleventh among the EU Member States, with a pension gap of 23% at the age of 65-79. In Greece, women aged over 65 who have access to a pension are less than men of the same age by 12 percentage points, a gap which is actually greater if widows’ pensions are deducted, as this percentage also includes widows’ pensions, which the case of women is more. In Greece, the gender gap in pensions is larger in the case of married women (28.4%) than women of a different family status (free, divorced, widows, 17.6%). This is directly related to the tradi onal gender roles within the household and the highest priority given by women to domes c work thana career. In terms of income, the gender gap is greater in middle-income households than in poor house- holds. In this context, we believe that measures to tackle gender gaps in the pension system are directly related to measures to tackle gender inequali- es in the workplace. The introduc on of a minimum guaranteed income is an especially beneficial measure for women, many of whom have no (or few) contribu ons to establish a pension en tlement. Even when they have enough contribu ons to establish a pension, it is o en too low. With regard to the reconcilia on of family and work life, according to studies, the «natural» obliga on of women to take over the responsibili es of the household and the bringing up of children determines their par cipa- on in the labor market, the type of wage labor , their working condi ons and working hours (Avdelas, 1986, Vaiou and Stra gaki 1989).Female em- ployment was viewed as complementary to male employment, according to the dominant social percep on. Women were viewed as «borrowed to the labor market (Scorra 1993). The distribu on of roles in the Greek family based mainly on the model of the «male breadwinner”, begun to be replaced in recent years by the model of dual-career families, where both spouses are working. This model is now further eroded by the increase of households without any parent working or with only the mother working. Unfortunately, there are no researches on the forma on of gender re- la ons, roles and iden es during the economic crisis, yet. It could, how- 52 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY ever, be argued that the challenge of reconciling family and professional life is increasingly relevant to both sexes. However the reducing of social wel- fare spending and services, the deteriora ng of the quality of care services in municipal childcare facili es, coupled with an increase in early re rement for women, have brought back the responsibility of the care of elderly rela- ves and children to women. Thus, working women work fewer hours and o en part- me to combine their family responsibili es with paid work, while women’s opportuni es for ge ng promoted in their jobs and ge ng higher pay, are also affected by their family responsibili es. An important aspect of the reconcilia on of work and family life is the status of maternity and parental leave permits for women and men, as well as respect for the legal protec on of parenthood. With regard to the la er, during the crisis and in the context of the deregula on of the labor market, there has been an increase in viola ons of labor rights related to maternity protec on. According to the Ombudsman’s 2010-2011 and 2012 annual reports, it ap- pears that the overwhelming majority of complaints about equal treatment at work relate to issues of maternity protec on (dismissal or coercion into resigna on, non-gran ng of maternity protec on, adverse change in working condi ons, etc.) (Karamessini, 2015). Employment condi ons of this kind are dissuasive to women’s decision to have children or to enter the labor market in childbearing age. More specifically, with regard to the public sector legisla ve framework, problems are iden fied for those working under a fixed-term private-law contract, a category involving a sufficient number of female employees in the public sector, such as subs tute teachers, trainee doctors, the employees recruited through NSRF, the employees of the Private Law En es and so on. The total maximum absence from work for this category of female employ- ees is approximately 32 weeks. In addi on, women working in social welfare programs are a special case. Under the current legal framework, this category is not subject either to labor law provisions or to provisions concerning public employees. In this context, no facilita on is granted in respect of pregnancy, childbirth and child upbringing. As regards private sector employees, the fact that the gran ng of part- me work under an equal period of me depends on the consent of the em- ployer o en leads to viola on of the law. The GSGE has repeatedly received complaints from working mothers about the fact that the employer refuses to grant an equitable leave and at the same me violates the hours of the employees. 53 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Finally, with regard to the status of self-employed persons, issues arise in rela on to the amount of maternity allowance granted, as this could be con- sidered to be insufficient in the light of the purpose of the provision (to allow for “temporary interrup on of their profession on the grounds of pregnancy or maternity”). Secondly, it is noted that a significant number of typically self- employed women work on a single employer with a service voucher in condi- ons that are more similar to those of employees. At the same me, the need to deconstruct the social stereotype, which wants the mother to bear the burden of caring for and bringing up children, should not be overlooked. Thus, measures to protect parenthood should be accompanied by corresponding incen ves and awareness campaigns for the use of parental leave by fathers. The destabiliza on of established gender iden es - both women and men - and their dissocia on from established roles (female mother and male breadwinner) will contribute to the reconcili- a on of family and professional life of both sexes and to the reduc on of the expression of extreme forms of masculinity as a counterbalance to the depre- cia on of male iden ty due to the decline in employment. The General Secretariat for Gender Equality, during the Na onal Program 2010-2013, commissioned a survey en tled «Unemployment, Precarityand Gender Inequali es: Implica ons of the Crisis in Women and Households in Greece», dra ed under the flag project «Organiza on of services for the inte- gra on, monitoring and evalua on of equality policies throughout the scope of public ac on (Observatory)». In addi on, under the Na onal Program 2010-2013, a Legisla ve Prepa- ratory Commi ee was set up to prepare a dra law on substan al gender equality. Regula ons on employment issues are foreseen in the dra text. The Commission’s proposals concern the defini on of substan al equality in employment and occupa on, issues of reconciling family and professional life, issues of worker protec on and measures to promote equality. In par- cular, it provides for the establishment of Equality Plans by employers, i.e. systems of measures to prevent, avoid and mely and effec vely address and eliminate all forms of discrimina on in work between men and women. These measures are the subject of a collec ve labor contract or collec ve agreement. Equality Plans apply to an enterprise, industry or occupa on and cover all of them, subject to the introduc on of specific, appropriate, job- specific ac ons. It also provides for companies to be rewarded for equality is- sues and for implemen ng equality ac ons in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility. In addi on, the set up of a Na onal Gender Equality Council is provided, involving, inter alia, the Ministry of Employment. The bill has 54 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY been updated in 2016 and forwarded to the competent Minister for further processing and ra fica on by the Greek Parliament. At the same me, the GSGE is in contact with the relevant bodies (Employ- ment Directorate, Working Condi ons Division, Labor Inspector ate, Labor Force Employment Organiza on), and par cipates in the Higher Labor Coun- cil - Gender Equality Division. It is also in coopera on with the EU and the Member States on gender pay gap issues, through its ac ve par cipa on in the EU High Level Group, in the EU Advisory Commi ee on Equal Opportuni- es for Women and Men, and the Board of Directors and Expert Forum of the European Ins tute for Gender Equality (EIGE). Furthermore, the GSGEis networking with the social partners, who have in the past implemented, under the NSRF 2007-2013, five co-financed projects for the promo on of women in decision-making centers of the social part- ners1, whereby Equality Offices were set up at the headquarters of all five bodies and help-lines operated. It also implemented the project «Posi ve ac ons for women to promote them in economic decision-making centers», co-funded by the PROGRESS Program 2013-2014 of the European Commission. Partners of this program were: the GSGE, the Hellenic Corporate Governance Council, SEV, and the Ins tute of Small Enterprises of GSEVEE. The project has completed a study of good prac ces, tools, methodologies and the ins tu onal framework for crea ng a tool/model for implemen ng corporate governance principles in enterprises, local and sectoral workshops for company execu ves, leadership workshops for women middle and senior business execu ves, consulta on conferences with state bodies and social partners and awareness raising and informa on campaigns while a Guide to comple ng the ques onnaire for self-evalua on was prepared. Regarding the par cipa on of women in the rural economy, GSGE has signed a coopera on protocol with the Ministry of Rural Development for the adop on of Joint and Specialized Ac ons to strengthen the role of women in the process of Produc on Reconstruc on and par cipates, as a member, in the Na onal Rural Network. In the field of Informa on and Communica on Technologies, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality is leading the Digital Alliance ini a ve which was founded in 2014 and is part of a wider alliance in Europe aiming at im- proving the digital skills of women and suppor ng their role in ICT. It is the

1 ΑΔΕΔΥ (ADEDY - SUPREME ADMINISTRATION OF UNIONS OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEES), ΕΣΕΕ (ESEE – HELLENIC CONFEDERATION OF COMMERCE AND ENTREPREUNERSHIP), ΓΣΕΒΕΕ (GSEVEE – HELLENIC CONFEDERATION OF PROFESSIONALS CRAFTSMEN & MERCHANTS), ΓΣΕΕ (GSEE - GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOR GREECE), ΣΕΒ (SEV- HELLENIC FEDERATION OF ENTERPRISES), 55 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 first and largest alliance of this kind, gathering under the same umbrella 22 organiza ons from Greece and 4 from Europe. The GSGE also par cipates as a partner in the «Innova on and Employ- ability of Women» Act and more specifically in the priority field «Promo ng Gender Equality and the Balance of Professional and Personal Life» of the «Di- versity, Inequali es and Social Inclusion» Program, funded by the EEA. In the framework of this project, it has proposed that research be carried out on the increasing of the employability of women through ICT, the crea on of an elec- tronic pla orm and the elabora on of a relevant Guide for bodies and women. Finally, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality includes sta s cal in- dicators on the use of Internet and computers by women and men on the “Gender Equality Observatory”portal. The portal includes the thema c of «Women and Poverty» and «Women and Economy» with indicators on gen- der inequali es in the labor market. Based on the above, following the previous Na onal Program, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality sets the following objec ves and proposals for measures for the new period: OBJECTIVE 1: ENCOURAGING THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE LA- BOR MARKET ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE - Establishment of coopera on with the Ministry of Labor, Social Secu- rity and Social Solidarity and the Labor Force Employment Agency (OAED) on gender mainstreaming in employment policies and train- ing and skills developing programs GSGE, Ministry of and special protec on of women Labor, Social Security 1 belonging to vulnerable groups & Social Solidarity, 2016-2020 - Provision for increased number Labor Force Employ- of women benefi ng from train- ment Agency (OAED) ing programs quota - Introducing the gender equality principle in curricula - Training of OAED’s staff on gen- der issues and employment coun- seling 56 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Establishment of a Standing Com- mi ee in GSGE with representa- ves of the Ministry of Labor, Labor Inspectorate and the Om- GSGE, Labor Inspec- budsman and, where appropri- 2 torate, Ministry of 2016-2020 ate, selected civil society actors Labor, Ombudsman to regularly network on specific issues related to gender gaps in the labor market and how to deal with them. Provision of Counseling services on employment issues to popu- la on groups such as women vic ms of violence and women suffering mul ple discrimina on 3 -Producing a gender perspec ve GSGE, EKDDA 2017-2020 work counseling Guide. -Educa- on of the staff of Counseling Centers for Violence and Social Services in Gender Work Counsel- ing. Highligh ng the issue of «assist- GSGE, Labor Inspec- ing» members and a emp ng to torate, Ministry of regulate the rights of women of Labor, Ministry of 4 this category. Highligh ng work- 2016-2020 Health Rural Develop- ing women’s issues and informal ment and Food, Om- employment and uninsured em- budsman ployees’ issues. Training of Labor Inspectorate 5 staff on issues of gender equality GSGE, EKDDA 2017-2020 and equal treatment Counseling services on employ- ment issues for specialized popula on groups, for example GSGE, KETHI, Social integra on of gender counseling

6 Services of Munici- 2017-2020 in the Network against Violence pali es Against Women and more specifi- cally in the Counseling Centers for Violence Against Women. 57 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 OBJECTIVE 2: PROMOTING THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY IN BUSINESSES ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Commi ng partners to imple- ment the principle of gender equality by signing an agreement 1 and drawing up Equality Plans, establishing Equality Labels an- dadop ng the European Charter on Gender Equality Networking with businesses and informing them on the benefits GSGE, social partners, 2 of gender equality and equal pay. 2017-2020 businesses Promo ng the principle of equal pay to employers Encouraging businesses to ac- quire an Equality label, to draw up Equality Plans while simulta- 3 neously linking to the European Charter on Gender Equality - Cre- a ng a Relevant Business Net- work GSGE, Ministry of Establishing Quality labels and

4 Economy, Develop- 2016-2020 Equality awards for businesses ment and Tourism Establishment of Equal Pay Day 5 or par cipa on in the European GSGE 2016-2020 Equal Pay Day Training employers on gen- GSGE, social partners, der issues and workers’ rights Ministry of Labor,

6 (e.g.parental leave) in partnership Ministry of Economy, 2017-2020 with the social partners and the Development and Labor Inspectorate Tourism 58 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Co-opera on with the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to examine the transferability of good prac ces to tackle the pay gap such as: the gender neutral classifica on of professions and GSGE, social partners, 7 business training, the annual 2016-2020 Ministry of Labor report on gender pay structure, the design of a “salary and wages calculator”, which provides up-to- date and easily accessible infor- ma on on the usual wages in an industry/region OBJECTIVE 3: ENCOURAGING FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP - SOCIAL AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Awareness raising on the purpose and context of social enterprises and workers’ coopera ves in or- 1 der to increase the par cipa on of women in the whole spec- trum of the social and solidarity economy Gender mainstreaming in ac ons 2 of social and solidarity economy enterprises Gender mainstreaming in coun- seling provided to persons inter- 3 ested in establishing a social and solidarity economy enterprise GSGE, Ministry of La- Promo ng ac ons to raise aware- bor, Social Security & 2016-2020 ness and promote gender issues Social Solidarity 4 in social and solidarity-based en- terprises Networking and joint ac ons with the Ministry of Economy, Devel- 5 opment and Tourism and the rele- vant social partners to encourage female entrepreneurship Ac ons to raise awareness and increase the a rac veness of en- trepreneurial ac on for women. 6 Search for tax and insurance incen ves to encourage female entrepreneurship 59 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 OBJECTIVE 4: IMPROVEMENT OF WOMEN’S POSITION IN THE AGRICUL- TURAL SECTOR ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Na onal Rural The ac ve par cipa on of GSGE Network, Ministry of 2016 1 as a member of the Na onal Ru- Rural Development -2020 ral Network and Food The coopera on of the Depart- ment of Equality of the Minis- GSGE, Na onal Rural try of Rural Development and Network, Ministry of

2 Foodand the GSGE for the gender 2016-2020 Rural Development dissemina on in female work and and Food entrepreneurship in the agricul- tural sector issues Targeted informa on and aware- ness raising ac ons for women GSGE, Na onal Rural on the employment and funding Network, Ministry of 3 2016-2020 opportuni es provided in the Rural Development new Development Program of the and Food Ministry of Rural Development Highligh ng and protec ng wom- 4 en-assis ng members in rural businesses OBJECTIVE 5: ENCOURAGING THE USE OF ICT BY WOMEN ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Ac va on of the Digital Alliance ini a ve through the establish- GSGE, actors of the 1 ment of a Working Group and the 2016-2020 «Digital Alliance» specifica on of ac ons in each pillar Collabora on with the «NCSR DEMOKRITOS” for the implemen- 2 ta on of the thema c priority NCSR DEMOKRITOS 2016 «Promo ng gender equality and work-life balance» 60 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Monitoring the use of ICT by women and men in the frame- work of the «Observatory» of the

3 GSGE 2016-2020 GSGE and the prepara on of an electronic newsle er on an an- nual basis. Specialized ac ons for the devel- opment of digital skills for special GSGE, Educa onal 4 2016-2020 popula on groups and IT and se- Ins tu ons curity training OBJECTIVE 6: PROFESSIONAL AND FAMILY LIFE BALANCE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BODY TIMETABLE Proposal to improve legisla on 1 on maternity leave in coopera on 2016-2020 with the relevant ministries Proposal to improve the protec- GSGE, Ministry of on of parental leave in coopera- Labor, Ministry of Ad- on with the relevant ministries ministra ve Recon- (Ministries of Labor and Adminis- struc on 2 2016-2020 tra ve Reconstruc on), especially for the fixed-term contract em- ployees, the self-employed and OAED programs beneficiaries In co-opera on with OAED, sim- GSGE, Ministry of La- 3 plifica on of the procedures for 2016-2020 bor, OAED special maternity benefit gran ng Protec on of pregnant women

4 (e.g. elimina ng the abuse of dis- GSGE, Ministry of La- 2016-2020 missal for «significant reason») bor and Social Insur- Protec on against discrimina on ance, Ombudsman, 5 on the grounds of pregnancy or Labor Inspectorate 2016-2020 maternity GSGE, Ministry of La- Informa on Campaign on the bor and Social Insur- right of referral to the Ombuds- 6 ance, Ombudsman, 2016-2020 man, the Labor Inspectorate and Labor Inspectorate, the trade unions Social partners 61 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Study on the adop on of a uni- GSGE, Ministry of form framework for the protec-

7 Labor and Social In- 2016-2020 on of motherhood in the public surance and private sectors Networking with the competent authori es (Ombudsman and Labor Inspectorate) to monitor GSGE, Ombudsman, 8 2016-2020 complaints concerning dismissals Labor Inspectorate or discrimina on against breeding rights of men and women Campaign for the equal alloca- on of home responsibili es and 9 elimina on of stereotypes on the GSGE 2016-2020 role of men and women at home and in the family GSGE, Ministry of La- Incen ves to encourage the use 10 bor and Social Insur- 2016-2020 of parental leave by men ance, Social partners Training employers on family and professional life balance issues (necessity and benefits of me autonomy, alterna ng hours,

11 SeeGoal 2 2016-2020 avoiding a culture of prolonged working hours) Encouraging busi- nesses and ins tu ons to adopt family-friendly prac ces 62 EDUCATION, TRAINING, CULTURE, SPORTS AND MEDIA For this specific priority axis of the new NAPGE, we adopted the model of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Educa on and Culture, which includes the Educa on and Training, Culture and Media, Youth, Sport and Languages policies. The importance of the role of educa on in promo ng equality issues and the promo on of an equality culture among pupils on the basis of reciproc- ity, partnership, solidarity and respect for diversity cons tute a long-standing belief and goal of the GSGE. The GSGE supports all educa onal efforts to promote the principle of equality in educa on, seeks and wishes to broaden the exis ng co-opera on with the Ministry of Educa on and Research, the Ins tute of Educa onal Pol- icy (IEP) and the educa onal community. Being aware of the structural (pro- duc ve and reproduc ve) role of educa on in promo ng gender equality, it has undertaken clear and concrete ini a ves - ac ons. For example: • Signing a Coopera on Agreement between the Ministry of Educa on, Research and Religious Affairs, KETHI, ECHR and GSGE to design and implement a project to raise awareness and educate pre-primary and primary school teachers on gender equality and gender discrimina on issues. • Conduc ng compe ons (poster compe on, digital crea on compe - on) across the whole spectrum of the educa onal process (primary, secondary, ter ary educa on), in coopera on with the Ministry of Edu- ca on, Research & Religious Affairs and Educa onal Television on the subjects of: Gender Separa on of Games (primary educa on), Gender and Environment (secondary educa on) and Gender Violence (ter ary educa on), as a follow-up to the previous year’s compe ons and aim- ing at informing and sensi zing teachers and pupils at the principles of gender equality. • Signing a coopera on agreement with Health Educa on Departments for interven ons in the educa onal field on issues of sexual abuse and gender violence. • Visits of school classes at the GSGE offices to inform teachers and stu- dents on different gender issues. 63 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 • Co-opera on with Universi es, the Ministry of Educa on, Research and Religious Affairs and the Ins tute for Educa onal Policy for the promo- on of gender equality. On the basis of the above, the themes of this axis are analyzed in four (4) objec ves, for which the GSGE will undertake individual ac ons and ini a- ves, within the framework of the reformed NAPGE 2016-2020. The Objec- ves concern formal educa on, non-formal educa on (training, public and private sector training, unemployed), Informal Learning in Media, Culture and Sports. More specifically: Objec ve 1: Promo ng gender equality in formal educa on, science & research The economic, poli cal, social and cultural changes that have taken place over the last decades in Europe and Greece are directly reflected in the field of Educa on as well. Some of the main changes in the field of educa on are the balanced par- cipa on of boys and girls at all levels of formal educa on, the best school performance of girls, their higher par cipa on in higher educa on, the suc- cessful course of girls in ter ary educa on, the increase of acquisi on of postgraduate and doctorate degrees by girls, which allows them to claim job posi ons of high status and pay and to overcome anachronis c social percep- ons about women’s educa on. However, the interconnec on of Gender Equality and Educa on remains open, as gender gaps and stereotypical choices are produced, reproduced and confirmed in public and private social prac ces, despite the mi ga on of gender inequali es. The exis ng gender divisional percep ons and the re- sul ng divisions and inequali es are also iden fied and reflected in the field of educa on, throughout the educa onal process, its forms and its levels. These percep ons relate to areas such as curricula (open and hidden), textbooks, teaching prac ces, teachers’ expecta ons towards boys and girls, the absence of cogni ve objects promo ng communica on and partnership between the sexes, the use of language that makes the female genre usually ‘invisible’, professional orienta on, the gender distribu on of teachers in the professional hierarchy, the trade union and decision-making bodies of the teachers etc. In par cular, though female primary and secondary educa on teachers are the majority, their representa on in educa onal and trade union deci- sion-making centers is par cularly low. An indica ve consequence of this is, for example, the gender segrega on of studies, which is evident both in uni- 64 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY versi es and in the field of Ini al Voca onal Training, which decisively influ- ences the professional choices of women and their subsequent professional careers. In addi on, the tradi onal segrega on of studies plays a decisive role in the reproduc on of the gender discrimina on of the professions in the labor market. Thus, it is no coincidence that the vast majority of the Greek student popula on of humani es is s ll women, while in polytechnic schools, for example, the percentage of women remains low. The above require the development of an educa onal policy that aims to support and shape a value system that promotes gender equality, remov- ing any dichotomous percep ons and discrimina ons based on gender, race, religion and class. In this context, the main goals of the new Na onal Ac on Plan on Gender Equality in Educa on are to modernize the fundamental role played by edu- ca on, to make use of the educa onal process in comba ng stereotypical percep ons, to promote balanced par cipa on of the sexes in educa on, science and research, the reinforcement and exploita on of all human re- sources, and at the same me the elimina on of all forms of discrimina on on grounds of gender. 65 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 OBJECTIVE 1: PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN FORMAL EDUCATION, SCI- ENCE & RESEARCH Note: As regards the educa on of women who suffer mul ple social discrimi- na on, see analy cally on the subject “Social inclusion and equal treatment of women who are subject to mul ple discrimina on” ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE Research for the recording and mapping of the gender character- 1 2017-2020 is cs of educa on at all levels and forms Take ac on to increase the pro- por on of female researchers in the academic field while increas- 2 2017-2020 ing the number of researcher posi ons and mo va ng women researchers Tes ng and Evalua ng Curricu- lums and the Interdisciplinary Sin- Ministry of Educa- gle Framework Curriculum in the on, Ins tute of

3 Educa onal Policy, 2017-2020 gender perspec ve and reforming them where necessary with em- GSGE, Universi es phasis on language and content and other ins tu ons of higher educa on, Suppor ng and further enhancing research centers, academic ac on and research on women’s organiza- gender issues. Maintaining and ons/Civil society ac- 4 2016-2020 enhancing undergraduate and tors, EKDDA postgraduate programs of gender studies Informa on/awareness raising of the Academic and Research Community (faculty members of 5 2016-2020 Greek universi es, researchers on gender discrimina on, violence, harassment, sexism, stereotypes) Employing Secondary Directorates 6 of Educa on with qualified teach- 2016-2020 ers in Gender Studies 66 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Establishment of an office for the Ministry of Educa- monitoring of implementa on on, Ins tute of and the promo on of gender Educa onal Policy, equality within the Ministry of GSGE,Universi es 7 2017-2020 Educa on and Universi es ad- and other ins tu ons ministra on and the possibility of of higher educa on, submi ng complaints in cases of Civil society actors, discrimina on based on sex EKDDA Introduc on of gender seminars (where they do not exist) at High- GSGE, Higher Mili- er Military Educa onal Ins tu- tary Educa onal ons, Police Schools and Produc- Ins tu ons, Police ve Schools in the country aiming Schools and Pro- 8 at promo ng gender equality, duc ve Schools, 2017-2020 elimina ng gender stereotypes, EKDDA,Ministry of securing equal access and par ci- Defense,Universi es pa on in decision-making centers and other Higher Ed- and equal opportuni es develop- uca on Ins tu ons ment in the hierarchy Produc on of modern educa on- al material for both primary and secondary educa onal levels and Ministry Of Educa- upda ng of the already produced on, Ins tute of Edu- educa onal material, incorpo- ca onal Policy, GSGE, 9 ra ng the gender dimension, in 2017-2020 KETHI,Universi es order to promote through edu- and other Higher Ed- ca on the principles of gender uca on Ins tu ons equality and respect for diversity as the basic pillars of democra c socie es GSGE, Universi es Networking and collabora on and other Higher Ed- with organiza ons and experts to uca on Ins tu ons, 10 2017-2020 promote gender equality in na- Civil society actors, onal and transna onal fields EKDDA, research centers 67 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Ministry Of Educa- Implementa on of integrated in- on, Ins tute of Edu- forma on/awareness raising pro- ca onal Policy, GSGE, 11 grams for primary and secondary 2016-2020 Universi es and oth- school teachers on Gender Equal- er Higher Educa on ity and Equal Opportuni es Ins tu ons,EKDDA Organiza on of Conferences and Workshops on Gender Issues of 12 2016-2020 the present poli cal economic and social context Research on the a tudes of women teachers, pupils and stu- Ministry of Educa- 13 on, Ins tute of 2017-2020 dents towards new technologies (skills, access, use, crea on) Educa onal Policy, GSGE,Universi es Research on the digital gap in the and other ins tu ons use of ICT as a new field of gender of higher educa on, 14 inequality and its interconnec on women’s organiza- 2016-2020 with School Voca onal Guidance ons, Civil society and the Labor Market actors, research cen- Planning, implementa on and ters, EKDDA monitoring of strategies to pro- mote women - managers in posi- 15 2016-2020 ons of responsibility, and collec- ve bodies in all fields and levels of educa on Integra on of the course of com- Ministry Of Educa- 16 prehensive sexual educa on into on, Ins tute of Edu- 2017-2020 primary and secondary schools ca onal Policy, GSGE 68 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Objec ve 2: Promo ng Gender Equality in Lifelong Learning and Informal Educa on Lifelong Learning is the training provided within an organized educa onal framework outside the formal educa on system and can lead to the acquisi- on of na onally recognized cer ficates. It includes ini al voca onal training, con nuing voca onal training and general adult educa on. Lifelong Learning is a field with a large par cipa on of women, both as trainees and as workers. Their par cipa on was overwhelmingly bigger by 2009, it declined a erwards (due to the crisis), but their percentage was s ll high. This is because the unstable and ominous environment of the Greek market can be a major barrier to entrepreneurship, but it is not an obstacle to exploi ng opportuni es for lifelong learning, given the gender-based rela on between educa on and the labor market. Consequently, it is an area whose substan ated study will lead to important conclusions and proposals on the gender dimension. Gender mainstreaming in Lifelong Learning policies, priori es, programs and ac ons is necessary for genuinely addressing gender discrimina on and the crea on of stereotypes. This will allow different views of Lifelong Learn- ing and enrich the overall policy required in this area. The need for system- a c and organized training, as well as sensi za on, remains, therefore, great. This training should be addressed to teachers, ci zens and employees in the public and private sectors. Par cularly for the public sector and local govern- ment, training on gender issues should be extended to all human resources and not only to staff/employees that show personal interest. It is obvious that in the case of informal educa on, with a view to pro- mo ng gender equality, the ques oning of patriarchy and stereotypical gen- der roles in the private and public spheres, family, work, educa on, culture, poli cs, and so on, as well as the highligh ng of factors that produce and reproduce inequality, gender exclusion, sexism, and all forms of gender vio- lence, are components of the process of emancipa on and ac ve ci zenship. The GSGE, therefore, includes in the new NAPGE ac ons to promote gender equality and the fight against gender inequali es in the field of informal edu- ca on. 69 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 OBJECTIVE 2: PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN LIFELONG LEARNING (MAIN- LY NON-FORMAL EDUCATION) AND INFORMAL EDUCATION Note: As regards the educa on of women who suffer mul ple social discrimina on, see analy cally on the subject “Social inclusion and equal treatment of women who are subject to mul ple discrimina on” ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE Gender mainstreaming of the Na onal Program of Lifelong GSGE, General Sec- Learning. Collec on of data, retariat for Lifelong studies and surveys by non- Learning, Founda on 1 2017-2020 formal educa on providers and for Youth and Lifelong provision for ongoing upda ng. Learning, Universi es, Conclusions and proposals from EKDDA the data collected. Signing of a Memorandum on the training of MPs and parlia- GSGE, Greek Parlia- 2 2017-2020 mentary staff on the basic prin- ment, EKDDA ciples of gender equality Training and awareness raising Ministry of Educa on, programs for civilian and mili- Ins tute of Educa onal 3 tary personnel of the Ministry Policy, GSGE, EKDDA, 2016-2020 of Na onal Defense on gender General Secretariat for issues Lifelong Learning Raising awareness of Ministries 4 and Regions, Regional and May- EKDDA,GSGE 2016-2020 ors Co-opera on on gender main- Ministry of the Interior, streaming in the Lifelong Learn- GSGE, KETHI,EKDDA, ing Regional Programs under General Secretariat for the Regional Development

5 Lifelong Learning, In- 2017-2020 Program, in the Opera onal s tute of Educa onal Programs of the Municipali es. Policy,Regions, Munici- Con nue Training Ac ons for A pali es and B grade officials 70 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Train personnel of organiza ons that are crucial to the promo- on of gender issues under an EKDDA cer fied program tled «Empowering and improving the skills of women civil ser-

6 GSGE, EKDDA 2016-2020 vants in the central public ad- ministra on, public en es and legal persons under private law, and first and second degree lo- cal government in order to take high-ranking posi ons». Training of Ministries and Lo- cal Authori es staffinmanaging investment projects to facilitate female entrepreneurs or invest-

7 GSGE, EKDDA 2017-2020 ment projects with a gender dimension or the crea on of relevant Social Coopera ve En- terprises. Conduc ng campaigns to raise awareness of women on the individual ac ons of the Rural GSGE, Ministry of Rural 8 2016-2020 Development Program in co- Development and Food opera on with the Ministry of Rural Development and Food Training of ERT staff for the con- GSGE, ERT, Educa onal 9 nuous and systema c promo- Ins tu ons, Women’s 2016-2020 on of gender issues Organiza ons Integra on of gender issues inthe cer fica on procedures GSGE,Na onal Organi- and the cer fica on of adult za on for the Cer fica- 10 educators and trainers of the on of Qualifica ons 2017-2020 Na onal Organiza on for the and Voca onal Guid- Cer fica on of Qualifica ons ance and Voca onal Guidance 71 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Pilot Programs in Co-opera on with EKDDA and the Youth and Lifelong Learning Founda on. Gender mainstreaming o asic programs of the Training Ins - tute (INEP)and the Youth and Lifelong Learning Founda on. Examining the crea on of a de- GSGE, EKDDA, Youth 11 partmenton the gender dimen- and Lifelong Learning 2016-2020 sion of policies in the Na onal Founda on School of Public Administra on. Con nua on and monitoring of the educa onal and training ac ons of INEP/EKDDA on the Guide for the use of non-sexist language in administra ve documents Training Gender trainers in new policy fields. Crea ng an e- GSGE, INEP, EKDDA, 12 2017-2020 portal for networking trainers- INE/GSEE trainees Produc on of a modern, com- GSGE, EKDDA, KETHI, prehensive manual on issues of Ministry of Ci zen 13 2017-2020 domes c violence and traffick- Protec on, Ministry of ing Health and Welfare EKDDA, Youth and Lifelong Programs for Women and New Learning Founda on, Gen- Technologies - Professional Ori- eral Secretariat for Lifelong enta on - Employment - Learning, INE/ GSEE/ ΚΕΚ, 14 2017-2020 Female Entrepreneurship ΚΕΚGSEVEE, Center for through modern training meth- the Development of Greek ods Trade and Entrepreneur- ship of ESEE, SEV Training in co-opera on with social partners on issues of vio- lence, gender mainstreaming, promo on of female entrepre- GSGE, EKDDA, 15 2017-2020 neurship and managing similar social partners investment projects bypublic administra on and social gov- ernment 72 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE Highligh ng the dimensions, impacts and ways of addressing gender stereotypes and underly- ing values, rules, roles and a - tudes with ac ons such as: • Implementa on of semi- nars, experien al workshops, GSGE, KETHI, Ministry ar s c-cultural ac vi es, open of Educa on, Ministry lectures, educa onal courses on of Culture, civil society, human rights, feminism, par ci- women’s organiza ons, pa on, entrepreneurship, etc. Theater Ins tu ons, 16 2017-2020 which target specific groups of Museums, Cinemas, Li- women or aim to diffuse femi- braries, Art and Ar s c nist educa on and empower Crea onSpaces, Local women. government Organiza- • U liza on of modern teaching ons methods (e-learning) and digital technology for the development of flexible programs for distance learning at universi es, civilsoci- ety and women’s organiza ons, bodies of the local government. GSGE, social partners, women’s organiza ons, Τraining Women for skillsac- civilsociety, Na onal quisi on to boost employment

17 Organiza on for the 2017-2020 prospects and entrepreneur- Cer fica on of Qualifi- ship, social inclusion ca ons and Voca onal Guidance 73 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 U liza on of the Opera onal Program “Human Resources Development, Educa on and Lifelong Learning” 2014-2020 framework through gender mainstreaming. For example: • Ac ons foreseen for Adult Ed- uca on Centers (KEE) and Par- ents’ Schools and Local Society GSGE, Ministry of • through synergy with the Educa on, General Thema c Objec ve 10 which Secretariat for Lifelong 18 provides for the promo on of Learning, EYDEP «Hu- 2017-2020 access to informal educa on man Resources Devel- opportuni es for reintegra- opment, Educa on and onof women into educa on Lifelong Learning» and training • planning and linking all forms of educa on and learning (mo- bility of human resources be- tween different levels and types of qualifica ons) through the Na onal Qualifica ons Frame- work U liza on of the Opera onal Program“Public Sector Reform” 2014-2020 as part of ac ons GSGE, Ministry of and interven ons designed to Educa on, General address the specific needs of

19 Secretariat for Lifelong 2017-2020 geographical areas most af- Learning, EYDEP«Public fected by poverty as well as ac- Sector Reform » ons for targeted groups facing a higher risk of discrimina on and social exclusion 74 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Goal 3: Promo ng Equality through Mass Media The Media produce and transmit dominant words, norms and values through text, image and music and shape to a significant extent how we think about ourselves, our rela onships and the world. Common sense, the fea- sible and desirable are also largely determined by the representa ons of the media in modern socie es. Gender representa ons through adver sements, social messages, TV series, broadcasts, etc. indirectly create pa erns of at- tudes and percep ons. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rela onship between Media and gender be- gan to be explored in the wake of the feminist movement and the first re- searches began to emerge. The dialogue on the rela on between gender and the Media and the ways of transmission and founda on of gender stereo- types and patriarchal percep ons highlighted the importance of the issue, the need for study and the crea on of proposals for the introduc on of a gender perspec ve at all stages of produc on and transmission of messages, coming from adver sing, news, cinema, serials, etc. Stereotypes for women also reinforce gender-based violence. Women experiencing gender-based violence are usually presented to the Media as responsible for the violence against them, for example, it is o en implied that “she provoked it», «she gave the right», «he was drunk», «he made a mistake» etc. and thus these women are, in some way, deficient or problem- a c. At the same me, violence against women has o en been presented as normal in adver sements, as a result of a natural male expression of ero c mood, instead of a tool of humilia on, sovereignty and control. The con nuous highligh ng of this rela onship between gender and mass Media, the stereotyped representa on of women and the ways in which gen- der iden ty is constructed and performed through the regulatory produc on of the Media messages is a goal and a necessity for the GSGE. The promo on and consolida on of stereotypical percep ons of femininity and percep ons, which ul mately construct a unique female model based on the supposed natural mission of a woman as a mother and wife, undermines the goals of emancipa on, autonomy, inclusion in the public sphere, engagement with the public, par cipa on in decision-making centers and at work. The role of the Media in the reproduc on of social structures and patriar- chal rela onships, in the symbolic elimina on of women by ignoring their real experiences and posi ve female roles and standards is cataly c and confirms the view that the media are not channels of ideologies, they are themselves an ideology. The par cipa on of women in the decision-making centers of the Media, their reinforcement of female par cipa on in the processes of 75 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 produc on of cultural, poli cal, recrea onal products and the promo on of posi ve work of women towards emancipa on is an important prerequisite for the elimina on of gender stereotypical representa ons and the promo- on of equality. The GSGE,recognizing the role of the Media in the reproduc on of gender stereotypes, has already funded the Women’s Rights Associa on to dra a Guide to Comba ng Discrimina on on the grounds of Gender in the Media, under Ac on Category 3.2.4, «Support for Non Governmental Organiza ons (Women’s Organiza ons), and NSRF 2007-2013). In addi on, it par cipates in the ERT Social Audit Council, where it coordinates the Commission «Discrim- ina on-Gender Equality-Human Rights». Within the framework of the new Na onal Ac on Plan, the GSGE intends to take ini a ves and specific ac ons, such as: OBJECTIVE 3: ELIMINATION OF PREJUDICE AND PROMOTION OF EQUALITY THROUGH MASS MEDIA ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE Measures/legisla on to ensure Ministry of State, GSGE, that audiovisual media service Greek Na onal Council providers seek to develop rela- for Radio and Television onships with associa ons and (NCRTV), Journalists’ 1 legal en es promo ng gender Union of Athens Daily 2017-2020 equality and promote the vis- Newspapers, Media ibility of the modern needs and owners associa ons, problems of women in the pub- Communica ons Con- lic communica on sphere trol Council 76 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Drawing up a code of conduct aimed inter alia to the imple- menta on of the principle of equality between men and 2 women, the reform of stereo- types, the development of a pluralis c dialogue on women’s problems and the promo on of effec ve gender equality Incen ves to promote, encour- Ministry of State, GSGE, age and facilitate par cipa on Greek Na onal Council 2017-2020 of a larger number of women for Radio and Television in the Media decision-making (NCRTV), Journalists’ centers and to enhance the Union of Athens Daily par cipa on of women in the Newspapers, Media 3 Greek Na onal Council for owners associa ons, Radio and Television, the Jour- Communica ons Con- nalists’ Union of Athens Daily trol Council, Represen- Newspapers and the ins tu- ta ves of Media Work- onal, collec ve bodies of the ers’ Associa ons Media Inclusion of a specific chapter in the Progress Report produced by the Greek Na onal Council for Radio and Television, on the 4 2016-2020 monitoring of the implementa- on of the regulatory frame- work and the relevant Direc- ves and Recommenda ons Ministry of Conduct research on the ways State,GSGE, Research 5 women are treated and pro- 2016-2020 centers,Universi es, moted by SMEs KETHI 77 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Programs in the media to pro- mote women’s issues through feminist prism on issues such as Ministry of State, GSGE, sexism, rape culture, discrimi- General Secretariat na on. for Informa on and Support and reinforce legisla- Communica on,Greek 6 on and ins tu onal interven- Na onal Council for Ra- 2016-2020 ons for all kinds of broadcast- dio and Television, Jour- ing, audiovisual communica- nalists’ Union of Athens ons or messages promo ng Daily Newspapers, Me- behaviors that cons tute an dia owners associa ons expression of unequal treat- ment on grounds of sex. Ministry of State, GSGE, Greek Na onal Council Awareness raising and training for Radio and Televi- of media professionals. sion, Journalists’ Union Training of journalists on the 7 of Athens Daily News- 2017-2020 use of an -sexist prac ces re- papers, Media owners garding gender and sexual ori- associa ons, Communi- enta on issues ca ons Control Council, ERT Media Monitoring and record- Greek Na onal Council ing of messages that support for Radio and Televi- 8 sexist divisions and par cipa- 2016-2020 sion, GSGE, KETHI, Uni- on in the Global Media Moni- versi es toring Project Coopera on between the GSGE, ERT and the Greek Par- GSGE, General Secre- liament TV Channel aiming at tariat for Sports, ERT, 9 ac ons to remove social and 2016-2020 Greek Parliament TV cultural percep ons on stereo- Channel typical roles in all areas of pub- lic ac on 78 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Film Fes val (fic on and docu- mentary) with a Gender per- 10 2016-2020 spec ve. Promo on of female creators’ work by the media Ministry of State, GSGE, Cinema and Television Work- General Secretariat for shops to explore gender issues, Informa on and Com- TV and movie scenario and film munica on, Greek Film compe ons to raise women’s Center, ERT 11 2016-2020 glance and contemporary wom- en’s problems, prizes for Media that promote equality issues and respect for human dignity Compulsory courses for jour- Ministry of State, GSGE, nalism students on gender and Universi es, Technical 12 2016-2020 media issues and non-sexist educa onal ins tu ons journalism techniques Ministry of Educa on Objec ve 4: Promo ng gender equality in cultural crea on As Simone de Beauvoir notes, social myths are transferred through cul- ture - religions, tradi ons, language, myths, songs, movies - which in turn constructs the way in which the individual begins to know, perceive and prove the experience of the material world. In addi on, the representa on of the world (...) is a duty of men who describe it from their own point of view and iden fy it with the absolute truth (McCabe 2009) Star ng with the assump on of the reproduc on of gender stereotypes in all aspects of public and private life and the na onal strategy for the integra- on of gender mainstreaming policies, the GSGE focuses on the design and implementa on of a Cultural Policy, which will play an important role in elimi- na ng obsolete percep ons and tradi onal prejudices. In the light of respect for freedom of expression and crea on, as well as the use of ar s c expres- sion in the struggle for the defense of human rights, the GSGE highlights the cultural good as a universal social good, to which all ci zens must have access and which promotes gender equality. Cultural crea on has been func oning over me as a receiver and a trans- mi er of a grid of standardized concepts and pa erns derived from the sov- ereign values. Every product of culture reflects the dominant class, racial and gender representa ons and inevitably bears the stamp of the creators’ social percep ons. Even the most subtle racist and sexist message, when is projected and relayed in the light of ar s c ac vity, has a strong impact on the forma on of 79 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 public opinion, contributes to the acceptance of a conserva ve «normality» and is a hindrance to the realiza on of a cultural vision focusing on inter- culturalism, gender equality and the equitable provision of opportuni es. The ini a ve for a crea ve awakening could only set as a star ng point and a permanent reference a cultural policy of an anthropocentric character, which interconnects with society, exploits the intellectual and ar s c offer in the struggle to eliminate the conven onal stereotypical percep ons and gender-related power rela ons, takes measures to encourage women’s par- cipa on in ar sts associa ons, unions, and their involvement in upper ins - tu onal ar s c level, respects the mul cultural mosaic that has been shaped in our country over the recent years, supports vulnerable groups - and groups that suffer mul ple discrimina on - in terms of access to ar s c crea on and the provision of opportuni es of ar s c expression, re-evaluates the cultural product and puts a new proposal that breaks with the gender representa- ons of patriarchy and introduces a new gender based aspect. The pursuit of ac ve par cipa on of civil society with an emphasis on women’s collec ves as well as the exploita on of the cultural heritage com- bined with the detec on of new trends in the work of female creators or crea ons that affect gender equality issues contribute to the forma on of a new an -patriarchal culture and aesthe cs and the gradual familiariza on of society with new representa ons. The individual ac ons that the General Secretariat intends to implement are as follows: OBJECTIVE 4: PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN CULTURAL CREATION ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Regions and Mu- Encouraging local authori es nicipali es throughout to ac vate Ar cle 20 (Culture, the country, exis ng Sport and Entertainment) of the cultural ins tu ons of 1 2017-2020 Guide to the Implementa on of Culture (State and Non- the European Charter on gender Governmental), Women’s equality in local communi es Organiza ons / Coopera- ves Training sessions for staff of the Ministry of Culture and Sports GSGE, Ministry of Culture 2 aiming at including the gender 2017-2020 and Sports, INEP/EKDDA dimension in the Ministry’s policy design 80 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Se ng up a Department or a Commi ee within the Ministry of Culture and Sport to moni- GSGE, Ministry of Culture 3 tor the implementa on of the 2017-2020 and Sports principle of gender equality. Permanent coopera on with the Gender Expert of the Ministry Crea onof an Internet pla orm for the mutual informa on and mutual support between wom- 4 2017-2020 en creators and the promo on of ar s c crea on promo ng gender equality GSGE, Ministry of Culture Strengthening female ar sts and Sports with an emphasis on the most vulnerable groups. Strengthen- 5 2016-2020 ing the ar s c work of men and women promo ng gender equality Organiza on of educa onal pro- grams in museums, libraries and GSGE, KETHI, Ministry other places of cultural visibility, of Educa on, , Ministry 6 aimed at removing patriarchal of Culture & Sports/Su- 2017-2020 prejudices and stereotypical per- pervised Bodies,Na onal cep ons. Library of Greece, Cultural Ins tu ons Calls for tendersof ar s c ex- pression and crea vity in the GSGE, Ministry of Educa- context of the educa onal pro- on, Ministry of Culture 7 cess and at all levels of educa- 2017-2020 & Sports/Supervised on to raise awareness among Bodies young people about issues of gender equality GSGE, KETHI, Educa- onal Departments of Organiza on of events and joint Embassies & Consular ac ons with the cultural ins tu- Authori es/Official In- 8 2016-2020 ons of different countries in s tu ons of Culture Greece in Greece, Women’s Organiza ons,Female Im- migrant Organiza ons 81 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Ini a ve for the design and im- GSGE, Ministry of Culture plementa on of cultural events & Sports/Supervised Bod- and ac ons to promote female ies, Exis ng ins tu ons 9 crea vity/ar s c work address- 2016-2020 and cultural ins tu ons ing gender issues. Providing (both state and non- auspices and support to cultural state) events GSGE, General Secretariat for Informa on & Com- Establishing a Prizeon Gender munica on, Ministry of

10 Equality in the State Film, Short Culture & Sports/Super- 2016-2020 Film and Documentary Fes vals vised Bodies, Ins tu ons promo ng culture and crea vity Ini a ve for a co-opera on with GSGE, KETHI, Ministry of ERT, ar s c associa ons and Culture & Sports/ Super- other cultural ins tu ons with vised Bodies, Ins tu ons 11 2016-2020 a view to jointly designing and promo ng culture and implemen ng ac ons on gender crea vity, Media, Ar s c and cultural issues Associa ons GSGE, Ministry of Cul- Upgrading the role of the Library ture & Sports/Super- of Equality and Gender Issues vised Bodies, Na onal 12 2016-2020 of the GSGE. Coopera on of the Library of Greece, Greek Library with Cultural Units Parliament,Cultural ins - tu ons Objec ve 5: Promo ng Gender Equality in Sports Since an quity, Sports have been a value of democracy. They are targeted at all ci zens regardless of gender, race, age, disability, religion and belief, sexual orienta on and social or economic background. It represents a large and rapidly growing sector of the economy and contributes significantly to growth and employment, while encouraging social par cipa on for young and elderly women and men. Interna onal research has shown that the en- gagement of women with athle c ac vi es strengthens the body, contrib- utes to a be er psychological state and increases self-esteem. It can also help improve the quality of services provided, as women can become different models for girls and boys and a ract them to sports. Gender is therefore not irrelevant to sports, nor is it an obstacle to the pursuit of Sports policies 82 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY sports but is an essen al element and a precondi on for social and economic progress. At the same me, Sports are also an area of intense discrimina on and stereotyping between women and men, as even today it is considered a privi- leged field of ac on for men, where, despite the great progress that has been made, women fall short both in par cipa ng in Sports and in par cipa ng in their administra on and do not enjoy equal opportuni es for integra on, engagement and professional absorp on. For this reason, the GSGE has decided to integrate the gender perspec ve into Sports, in the new Na onal Ac on Plan for Gender Equality 2016-2020, in view of their mul dimensional nature. In addi on, gender equality policies aim at economic and social development and the op mal use of human re- sources, contribu ng to the promo on of social cohesion, which is a central poli cal idea of the European Union. The ac ons to be implemented are: OBJECTIVE 5: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY IN SPORTS ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, General Sec- Inclusion of gender perspec ve in 1 retariat for Sports, 2017-2020 the Na onal Ac on Plan for Sports KETHI GSGE, General Sec- Training seminars to the staff of retariat for Sports, the competent Ministry for gender

2 Ministry of Culture 2017-2020 mainstreaming in the design and & Sports, INEP/ implementa on of sports policies EKDDA GSGE, Ministry of Monitoring the applica on of the Culture & Sports, 3 non-sexist language Guide in public General Secretariat 2016-2020 documents for Sports, super- vised bodies Establishing a double mandatory quota in terms of the number of GSGE, General Sec- men and women candidates and 4 retariat for Sports, 2017-2020 the percentage of members of the Greek Parliament Board resul ng from the elec ons of sports associa ons 83 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Introduc on of the gender perspec- GSGE, General Sec- ve in the ac ons of the sports 5 retariat for Sports, 2017-2020 federa ons in their evalua on and Sport associa ons their corresponding financing. GSGE, KETHI, Gen- eral Secretariat for Sports, Universi- Organizing a Pan-Hellenic Con- es, Women’s 6 gress with individual workshops on organiza ons and 2017-2020 Women and Sports non-governmental organiza ons, Sport associa ons, etc. Awareness raising ac ons during the European Sports Week every September. GSGE, General Sec- Campaigns to raise awareness retariat for Sports, of the benefits of sports and to

7 Municipali es, ERT, 2017-2020 promote women’s par cipa on in Hellenic Olympic spor ng ac vi es and decision- Commi ee making centers (adver sements, use of social media, printed mate- rial) Ensuring the con nua on of the «Sports for All» mass sports pro- General Secretariat 8 gram of the General Secretariat of for Sports, Munici- 2017-2020 Sports from the municipali es of pali es the country for women 84 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Encourage local authori es, and in par cular the municipal bodies responsible for sports, to use the European Charter Implementa on Guide to increase the par cipa on of women. Indica vely: • Safe and accessible athle c facili- GSGE, Municipal es for women Commissions for • Staffing of municipali es with Gender Equality, women coaches Cultural, Sports • Educa on of the members of the and Youth Orga-

9 Municipality dealing with sport and 2017-2020 niza ons or any culture for the integra on of the other municipal gender perspec ve body in charge of • Encouraging women to par ci- Sports, EKDDA/ pate in sports programs INEP • Designing special programs for women who suffer mul ple dis- crimina on (e.g. women with dis- abili es, migrant women, refugees, prisoners) • Provision for the care of the chil- dren of women wishing to sport GSGE, General Sec- Educa onal and training programs retariat for Sports, for athletes, coaches and admin- Hellenic Olympic 10 istra ve staff on violence against 2017-2020 Commi ee, sports women, elimina on of gender ste- and coaches asso- reotypes, sexism cia ons and bodies General Secretariat for Sports, GSGE, KETHI, Hellenic Consulta on with a view to draw- Olympic Commit- ing up a Code of Conduct for tee, University

11 Coaches with regard to sexual vio- 2017-2020 Departments of lence and harassment in the field Physical Educa on, of sport sports and coaches associa ons and bodies 85 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 GSGE, General Sec- Strengthening ac ons by women, retariat for Sports, feminist and non-governmental

12 Hellenic Olympic 2017-2020 organiza ons dealing with women Commi ee, Civil and sports Society GSGE, Ministry of Educa on, Minis- Gender mainstreaming in the cur- try of Culture and ricula of Physical Educa on, Sports Sports, University Journalism, and training programs Departments of 13 for coaches / coaches and referees. 2017-2020 Physical Educa- Corresponding ac ons in the field on and Sport of primary and secondary educa- Sciences, Schools on of Coaches and Referees General Secre- tariat for Sports, Ensuring gender-based sta s cs by sports federa ons, sports federa ons and coaches and 14 coaches/referees 2017-2020 referees associa ons supervised by associa ons, Greek the General Secretariat for Sport Sta s cal Author- ity General Secretariat for Sports, Greek Ac va on of the UNESCO Observa- Sta s cal Author- tory on Women, Sports and Physi- 15 ity, governmental 2017-2020 cal Educa on and interconnec on and non-govern- with the GSGE Observatory mental bodies in- volved in sports 86 HEALTH Health holds a prominent place in the context of human rights. Accord- ing to the World Health Organiza on, every person has the right to enjoy the highest achievable health level in the society where he/she lives (WHO, 1946), while achieving the highest possible level of health is a social goal (WHO 1978). Health is an irreplaceable prerequisite for achieving other goals in life, such as be er educa on and be er employment. It is necessary for social and economic development, and this development is a prerequisite for achieving the desired level of health of the popula on. Therefore health cons tutes an objec ve and a means at the same me. It is therefore important for a society to organize the available health re- sources fairly so that access to these resources is open to everyone. The ex- istence of social differences in health and health determinants contrasts with the commonly accepted values of equality and jus ce. Since the 1980s, par cular efforts have been made to inves gate mul ple health inequali es, between regions, states, and the popula on of the state itself, which are expressed in almost all health indicators (life expectancy, mortality, morbidity, etc.) and are closely related to the social environment. These are the so-called social determinants of health, which concern peace, housing, educa on, food, income, social jus ce, and equality, empowerment of disadvantaged groups, stable ecosystems, and conserva on of natural re- sources. Access to effec ve health care, which must primarily aim at relieving people’s burden when they are ill and secondly in promo ng and maintain- ing health before the person is ill, is also one of the essen al human rights (WHO, European Office 2006). Insufficient access (geographical, economic, and cultural) to basic health services is one of the determinants of inequali- es in health. Equality in health implies that every man and every woman should be able to achieve the maximum possible health and that no man and no wom- an should be disadvantaged due to social status or other socially defined cir- cumstances. Therefore, efforts to promote social equity in health aim to cre- ate opportuni es and remove obstacles to achieve the best possible health for all members of the popula on. They include a fair distribu on of health resources, fair access to available opportuni es and equality of care for ev- 87 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 eryone and all when they need it. The ul mate goal is to eliminate these inequali es by equalizing health with those of the most favored groups. To achieve health, the existence of a posi ve environment that includes not only physical, chemical and biological elements, but also the general so- cio-economic condi ons in which the individual lives, as well as the general a tudes and demands of society, is necessary. A point of convergence of this mul factorial approach is the need for in- vestment, which means that all resources - economic, human and environ- mental - should operate not only to improve health, but also to reduce in- equali es, both between and within states, to promote human rights and to create social capital. The central core of the gender dimension in Health concerns three sub- areas: health level, behaviors that affect health and access to health services. Since the 19th century, the development of social epidemiology has em- phasized the contribu on of social categories such as gender to the signifi- cant differences in the health levels of male and female popula ons, as well as the frequency and distribu on of symptoms and diseases within space and me. Nowadays, it is clear that gender plays a specific role in the incidence and prevalence of a specific pathology, as well as in treatment, the impact of well- being and recovery. This is related to the interac on of biological, socio-eco- nomic and cultural factors affec ng the behavior of women and men as well as access to health services. The dis nc on between biological and social sex should also be taken into account. Although gender-sensi ve health research is beginning to gain ground, there are s ll inequali es in the health status of women and men, access to and par cipa on in health and long-term care. According to data of the Eu- ropean Ins tute for Gender Equality (EIGE 2015), women generally live lon- ger than men in all EU Member States. There are more deaths of men than deaths of women in the working-age popula on (13-64 years) and women with disabili es live longer than men. Yet, across Europe, women are expect- ed to have a lower percentage of their lives in good health than men, as measured by the years of healthy HALYS. In an aging popula on, the risk of chronic illness, such as diabetes and mental health problems, such as demen- a, Alzheimer’s and depression, is par cularly high among women. In addi- on, some diseases, such as breast cancer, osteoporosis and ea ng disorders are more common in women, while others, such as endometriosis or cervical cancer, only affect women. Older women are more likely than older men to find themselves in a situa on where they need some sort of long-term care 88 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY and, depending on the age groups, they have a higher rate of dependence and disability in older age. Correspondingly, men are more likely to be af- fected by and die of lung and colon cancer, ischemic heart disease and road accidents. Some diseases, such as prostate cancer, affect men alone. Apart from biological factors, social rules also affect the health of women and men in a different way. Women are less likely to engage in high-risk be- haviors for their health and, therefore, they have lower rates of relevant dis- eases and disabili es than men. However, they are more likely to experience «invisible» illnesses and disabili es, which are o en poorly recognized by the health system, such as depression, ea ng disorders, home-related disabili- es, sexual violence and old age-related illnesses. There is an essen al gender dimension in lifestyle choices and high-risk behavior that puts men at greater risk for poor health. Men generally have poorer knowledge and awareness of their health. Throughout Europe, wom- en and men make different use of health systems and services, which has an impact on their health. In addi on, women and men may receive different diagnosis and treatment when seeking medical assistance for similar health problems. For example, women are more o en diagnosed with depression and men with anxiety on the basis of same complaints (EIGE 2015). The feminist approach, in its a empt to analyze the posi on of women in the social order, considers their state of health as an aspect of their degrada- on in the light of the dominant medical discourse and the social representa- ons of the female body and the female iden ty. On the contrary, the abil- ity of women to have the necessary knowledge and skills for their body and health control is,generally, linked to the opportuni es for equal par cipa on in the public domain and decision-making centers and is a prerequisite for gender equality. Gender mainstreaming in health is based on the human rights principles of equality, par cipa on and non-discrimina on. Gender approach, in addi- on to the examina on of biological factors, takes into account the different ways in which living condi ons, opportuni es and environments affect the health of women and men, the different ways of perceiving and managing physical situa ons, as well as the differences in access to both health knowl- edge and health services. It is linked to the change in behaviors, a tudes and prac ces that have proved harmful to girls and women and o en to the collec ve health of boys and men. It focuses on empowering women, taking into account the special circumstances they experience and the health ef- fects caused by the social injus ces and inequali es they con nue to face. It seeks to establish a well-founded basis for effec ve and efficient planning, 89 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 rela ng to health in general and policy-making and health services in par cu- lar, with ac ve par cipa on of women in their planning and implementa on of these policies. According to the World Health Organiza on, are more affected than men by depression, anxiety, sexual violence and domes c violence. Pressure cre- ated by women’s mul ple roles, gender discrimina on in work and income, poverty, poor working condi ons, living and ea ng habits and sexual abuse are responsible for the poor mental health of women. Furthermore, the integra on of the gender perspec ve into mental health includes the collec on of data on the occurrence of mental health problems in women, their frequency, diagnosis, treatment, risk factors and protec ve agents, as well as the accessibility of women to mental health services. Pro- vision should also be taken to educate health professionals at all levels of public health on the early detec on, diagnosis and appropriate treatment of women with mental health problems. Also, the gender dimension should be integrated into research on mental health issues. Gender mainstreaming in the recording, research, educa on and planning of health services will lead to a more complete depic on of mental health problems affec ng women from childhood to the elderly and will contribute to appropriate ac on for them through the appropriate health policies. We should also ensure the opera on of mental health centers that incor- porate the gender perspec ve and that women are able to access them. The crea on of such services that can operate in parallel and complementary to centers that meet other women’s needs could facilitate women’s access to them and could cons tute a more efficient response to women’s problems. Mental health services would be appropriate to complement the exis ng gy- necological and obstetric clinics in order to facilitate mely and appropriate treatment of problems such as postpartum mental disorders or mental disor- ders associated with pregnancy, infer lity, assisted reproduc on techniques, menstrual cycle and menopause. Early interven ons to support mothers in assuming their parental role could also contribute posi vely to safeguarding the mental and physical health of next genera ons. The crea on of mental health mother-babyunits could contribute to the realiza on of this goal. Special care should also be given to groups of women who are put, due to the austerity programs, at extra risk of mental health problems such as single-parent families, women who are vic ms of gender-based violence (do- mes c violence, sexual abuse, trafficking of women for sexual exploita on, persecu on), women who suffer mul ple discrimina on (women refugees, 90 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY migrant women, women with disabili es, addicted, seroposi ve,women be- longing to special popula on groups (adolescent mothers, elderly women, Roma women, homeless or women living below the poverty line). Care of mental health accompanying serious illnesses (such as breast can- cer that o en affects the female popula on), as well as other chronic and serious illnesses, should also be recognized. Moreover, ac ons should be developed to reduce social s gma and dis- crimina on related to mental illness and to ensure the equality and rights of women with mental health problems. Regarding reproduc ve health, it is defined as the state of complete physi- cal, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or dis- ability, in all aspects rela ng to the reproduc ve system, its func ons and pro- cesses. Therefore, reproduc ve health implies that people are able to have a sa sfactory and safe sex life and that they have the ability to reproduce and the freedom to decide whether, when and how o en to do so. Also, the right of men and women to be informed and have access to safe, effec ve, afford- able and acceptable family planning methods, as well as other methods of their choosing to regulate fer lity, is also important. It is also important for women to have access to appropriate health care services that allow them to safely pass through pregnancy and childbirth, giving them the best chance of having a healthy infant. Consequently, the concept of reproduc ve health includes all the methods, techniques and services that contribute to it and the welfare of ci zens through the preven on and resolu on of reproduc ve health problems. With regard to sexual health, it is defined as the state of physical, emo on- al, mental and social well-being in rela on to sexuality. Sexual health requires a posi ve approach, with respect for sexuality and sexual rela ons, in order to be able to obtain pleasant and safe sexual experiences free from coercion, discrimina on and violence. Its purpose is to improve life and personal rela- onships and is not limited to counseling and care for sexually transmi ed diseases (Glasieretal, 2006). As far as sexuality and reproduc ve health issues are concerned, these were addressed solely in terms of popula on growth and demographic poli- cies, un l the beginning of 1990, when they were dealt with for the first me in the light of human rights. Now, in Ar cle 96 of the Beijing Pla orm for Ac- on, «women’s human rights include their right to control and to decide free- ly and responsibly on ma ers rela ng to their sexuality, including sexual and reproduc ve health, without coercion, discrimina on and violence. Equality in rela ons between men and women in ma ers of sexual rela ons and re- 91 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 produc on, including full respect for the integrity of the person, requires mu- tual respect, consent and common responsibili es regarding sexual conduct and its consequences» (Beijing Declara on 1995). Also, the concept of family planning has given way to the broader concept of reproduc ve health, which includes both women and men and describes a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all issues related to the reproduc ve system (VanLancker, 2002). Regarding in par cular gender differences in Greece, the General Secre- tariat for Gender Equality funded, under the Na onal Program 2010-2013, the prepara on of a study tled «Health of Men and Women in Greece: Health Status, Use of Health Services and Qualita ve factors». The aim of the study was to illustrate the human geography of the health status of both gen- ders, to highlight differences and special needs, and ul mately to formulate the required policy proposals (GSGE, 2013). According to the results of the study, it has been found that, despite the improvement in the average health and life expectancy in Greece for many years, there are s ll significant inequali es between men and women. Also, despite the fact that the gap in life expectancy remains significant (4.6 years) in favor of women, women have fewer years of healthy life, higher rates of morbidity and worse rates of well-being and func onality. The study further highlighted (a) the linking of the fiscal crisis and its im- pact on social and economic life, with the deteriora on in the health of the country’s popula on, both to the perceived health level and the increase in risk factors and ul mately the prevalence of diseases,(b) the ever-worsening living condi ons have created a strongly nega ve psychological situa on in the popula on, which translates into anxiety, concentra on problems, ner- vousness, regret, anxiety, melancholy, pain, fret, domes c violence, lack of libido and, finally, death thoughts. At the same me, morbidity risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consump on, body weight, poor nutri on, athlet- ics, and sexual behavior, which directly affect health and determine its qual- ity, are recorded at par cularly high levels in the general popula on , with the most «unhealthy» habits being found in the most vulnerable social groups, the younger age and the female popula on; (c) the impact of the crisis on health is par cularly pronounced in women, as they experience greatly the impact of social and economic inequali es due to increased unemployment, in par cular long-term unemployment, the risk of poverty and social exclu- 92 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY sion, difficul es in balancing family and career, the pay gap and occupa onal segrega on; (d) economic downturn and weakness to reconciliate family and professional life have had a significant effect on birth rate, with a fall in fer l- ity rate and an increase in the aging rate, thus contribu ng to demographic aging and mul ple dependence of the elderly. Addi onally, important data on the maternal and reproduc ve health of women, such as the number of interrup ons of pregnancy, the use of contra- cep ve methods, the percentage of pregnant women with anemia, are not systema cally collected, and where available they do not reflect reality, thus preven ng any possibility of adop ng good policies that promote women’s health and contribute to the implementa on of measures to promote sexual and reproduc ve health. This also results in an increase in the incidence of HIV infec ons and the prevalence of AIDS in the female popula on (GSGE, 2013). Despite gender inequali es that lie in health issues, the state has not in- corporated the gender perspec ve into its planning of health educa on for the popula on. The same lack of gender perspec ve is also observed with regard to medical research or where there is no clear direc on for gender mainstreaming in the research work being carried out. Finally, stereotypes, discrimina ons and inequali es of the past have not yet been overcome, per- petua ng the occupa onal segrega on in the labor market of the health sec- tor on the basis of gender. It is, therefore, obvious, that in Greece, under the current economic con- di ons, women are becoming increasingly weak and less healthy. The ad- verse effects of the economic crisis are expected to nega vely impact on health indicators such as life expectancy, morbidity, mental health, mortality, suicide, domes c violence, etc. In addi on, the crisis is exacerba ng social inequali es, poverty and social exclusion, while problems arise in the funding of the health systems. In view of all of the above,in the next programming period 2017-2020, the General Secretariat for Gender Equality intends to promote policies and ac ons in the field of health so as to integrate the gender perspec ve into health policies implemented mainly by the public sector (Ministries, Health- care Regions, Na onal School of Public Health, Health Services of all levels, HCDCP, EOPYY, Na onal Assisted Reproduc on Authority, Na onal Bioethics Commi ee, Local and Regional Government etc.). With regard to the private sector, ac ons include partnerships with Civil Society and Health Profession- als Associa ons. 93 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 On the basis of the above, the GSGE seeks to promote gender mainstream- ing in theplanning and provision of health services, the orienta on of health educa on programs and the treatment of ci zens by health professionals. The removal of gender stereotypes in the health sectoris also a priority, both as regards diagnosis, preven on and treatment, as well as staffing of health services (e.g. selec on of medical special es and posi ons of responsibility in health units). Lastly, par cular a en on is paid to the needs of the specific and vulnera- ble groups of the female popula on who suffer mul ple discrimina on (girls or women without income, in poverty, pregnant women, single mothers, home- less women, women with physical or mental illness, with disability, elderly women, women with no suppor ve social environment, prisoners with no in- come, released from prison, refugees, migrant women, vic ms of violence). For this reason, the Na onal Ac on Plan for Gender Equality 2016-2020 formulates three dis nct objec ves and plans the corresponding ac ons: OBJECTIVE 1: INCLUSION OF GENDER PERSPECTIVE IN HEALTH POLICIES ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE Stable coopera on and networking GSGE, Ministry of 1 2017-2020 with the Ministry of Health Health GSGE, supervised bodies of the Ministry of Health (HCDCP, Coopera on with supervised bodies Health Regions 2 of the Ministry of Health and public (PEDY), Health Units, 2017-2020 health agencies in general Na onal Authority of Assisted Reproduc- on, Na onal Bioeth- ics Commission Conclusion of a coopera on protocol GSGE, Ministry of Edu- with the Na onal School of Public ca on, Research and Health for the inclusion of the the-

3 Religious Affairs, Na- 2017-2020 ma c field of gender equality and onal School of Public gender perspec ve in health in post- Health (ESDY) graduate study programs GSGE, Ministry of Promo ng research with a gender Health, ESDY, Universi- perspec ve in the health sector, the 4 es, Technological Ed- 2017-2020 administra on of health services and uca onal Ins tu ons health economics and other ins tu ons 94 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY Observatory of GSGE, Ac ons for the systema c collec on Ministry of Health, of data by gender in the health sec- Supervised Bodies, 5 2017-2020 tor (in conjunc on with other demo- Health Regions, ESDY, graphic data) Na onal Sta s cs Au- thority, etc. Strengthening the ins tu on of the GSGE, Ministry of Intermediary of Health to facilitate Health and super- 6 the access of women and girls of vised bodies, Health 2017-2020 special and vulnerable popula on Regions, ESDY, Health groups to health services at all levels services of all stages GSGE, local government, Emphasizing the need for Greece to Ministry of Health, Pub- comply with the Commission’s Rec- lic and private mater- 7 ommenda ons on the Elimina on nity hospitals, hospitals, 2017-2020 of Discrimina on Against Women PEDY (Maternity Care (CEDAW) in the field of health Centers, Family Planning Services) Training at regular intervals of the GSGE, Ministry of staff of Family Planning services on

8 Health, Health Re- 2017-2020 integra ng the gender dimension gions, ESDY,EKDDA into health GSGE, Na onal Bio- Collabora on with relevant bodies ethics Commission, 9 on medical, bioethical, ethical, as- 2017-2020 Na onal Authority of sisted reproduc on issues Assisted Reproduc on OBJECTIVE 2: REMOVAL OF GENDER STEREOTYPES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES GSGE, Ministry of Ac ons to raise awareness and in- Health and Supervised form health professionals in the con- Bodies, Ministry of 1 text of synergies with relevant health Educa on, Research 2017-2020 actors to combat gender stereotypes and Religious Affairs, in health and health services associa ons of health professionals Awareness raising and informa on GSGE, Ministry of ac ons for college students and stu- Health and Supervised 2 dents of higher educa on of health Bodies, Ministry of 2017-2020 on the fight against gender stereo- Educa on, Research types in health and health services and Religious Affairs 95 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 A campaign to raise public awareness GSGE, Ministry of with the aim of emphasizing the gen- Health and Supervised 3 2018-2020 der dimension of Health and promot- Bodies, associa ons of ing women’s health health professionals Designing preven on policies and GSGE, Ministry of implemen ng ac ons aimed at girls Health, Ministry of and women, boys and men, based on Educa on, competent 4 the equality of rela onships free of 2017-2020 units of Primary Na- stereotypical health promo on pre- onal Health Network concep ons for sexual and reproduc- and Hospitals ve health, child care Ac ons to empower women in posi- ons of high responsibility in the GSGE, Ministry of 5 health sector (Health Region Ad- Health, competent 2017-2020 ministrators, Hospitals, Ins tu ons, bodies Organiza ons) OBJECTIVE 3: HEALTH ISSUES FOR SPECIAL GROUPS OF POPULATION Note: for more analysis,see on the subject of «Social inclusion and equal treatment of women experiencing mul ple discrimina on» GSGE, Ministry of Health and Super- vised Bodies, Ministry Synergies and Ac ons to Emphasize of Migra on Policy, Equality Policies in Health (including

1 Health Regions, Na- 2017-2020 Mental Health) for Immigrants and onal Health System Women Refugees Units, Primary Na on- al Health Network, Civil Society, KETHI GSGE, Ministry of Suppor ng ac ons to achieve im- Health, Ministry of proved accessibility and informa on Educa on, Ministry for women with disabili es in health of Labor and Social 2 2017-2020 services (availability of interpreta- Solidarity, competent on, digital access to informa on, units of Primary Na- assurance of informed consent) onal Health Network and Hospitals GSGE, Ministry Suppor ng health promo on pro- of Health, Minis- grams for sexual and reproduc ve try of Educa on, 3 2017-2020 health, adapted for people with dis- Na onal Confed- abili es era on of People with Disabili es,etc. 96 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY GSGE, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Promo ng the development of re- Labor and Social search on informal care for chroni- Solidarity, KETHI, 4 cally ill and disabled people and the Na onal Centre for 2017-2020 promo on of support services to Social Research, ESDY, informal carers Universi es, Techno- logical Educa onal Ins tu ons Awareness-raising campaign on health issues regarding the fight GSGE, Ministry of against discrimina on and stereotyp- Health, Greek Ge- 5 ing, representa on of older women 2017-2020 rontological Geriatric in decision-making on issues related Society to access to social welfare and care services Training health professionals in man- aging gender violence incidents and GSGE, ESDY, EKDDA, 6 strengthening health units with an Ministry of Health, 2017-2020 appropriate logis cal infrastructure Health Units to facilitate data collec on 97 GENDER BALANCED PARTICIPATION IN POWER STRUCTURES, DECISION-MAKING CENTERS & PROCESSES Although legal equality is safeguarded in Greece and the western coun- tries, it coexists, according to data and related research, with the generally limited and reduced presence of women in leading posi ons, decision-mak- ing bodies, and all the poli cal, social and economic ins tu ons: the Parlia- ment, the European Parliament, the Government, local and regional govern- ment, poli cal par es, the trade union movement, the social partners, the boards of public bodies and ins tu ons, private sector enterprises, financial ins tu ons, civil society. According to the Beijing Declara on and Pla orm for Ac on 1995, which iden fies the twelve (12) cri cal areas for ac on to remove gender inequali- es and the related sectoral strategic objec ves, women’s empowerment and autonomy and the improvement of their social, economic and poli cal status are essen al prerequisites for achieving transparency and account- ability of government and administra on and sustainable development in all areas of life. Power rela ons that prevent women from fully living their lives operate on mul ple levels of society - from the most personal to the most public. That is why the objec ve of equal par cipa on of women and men in decision-making creates a balance that more accurately reflects the composi- on of society and is necessary to strengthen democracy as such, but also its more efficient opera on. Equality in the field of poli cal decision-making and gender-balanced par cipa on in power is the means to ensure that the gen- der dimension is integrated into the policies of a government and the instru- ment that can make gender equality possible. Equal par cipa on of women is therefore not only a demand for social jus ce and democracy, but also a prerequisite so that the specific interests of women are taken into account. Poli cal par cipa on and poli cal representa on of women in the power structures, processes and decision-making bodies are two different and inter- related aspects of women’s par cipa on. The first concerns the formula on of a poli cal agenda through a variety of ways of par cipa ng in poli cs or trade unionism (e.g. through poli cal debates, public debate and lobbying). The second one has to do with the process whereby the ar cula on of a par cular poli cal agenda is represented in decision-making ins tu ons that 98 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY make policy (e.g. poli cal par es, elected bodies such as parliament, mu- nicipal councils, boards of trade unions, boards of management of the social partners, etc.). At the methodological level, the scope of power and gender bal- anced par cipa on in decision-making centers includes three sub-sectors: a) poli cal power; b) social power; and c) economic power. The field of social power concerns the par cipa on of women in the social sphere, in the media, in the academic field and in research, in sports, cultural events, etc. Since specialized indicators have not yet been developed for this field, monitoring of women’s par cipa on in decision-making processes and decision-making in the field of social power is partly covered by indicators for SMEs and indicators for educa on and training, while the proposed measure- ment and assessment of women’s access and par cipa on concern poli cal and economic power as reflected through par cipa on in decision-making. Poli cal power is measured by three gender indicators that examine, for example, par cipa on in ministries, parliament and regional governments (or regional elected councils). Economic power focuses on the par cipa on of women and men in the boards of the largest listed companies, in the par cipa on of women and men in key posi ons in the decision-making bodies of the central banks of the EU Member States, as well as in their par cipa on at all levels of man- agement of social partner organiza ons. The indicators for depic ng, monitoring and evalua ng women’s par ci- pa on in decision-making processes were first iden fied during the Finnish Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 1999 and were further elaborated during the Italian Presidency in 2003. Today, the indicators for this field are eighteen (18) and most of them seek to measure the propor on of women and men in key posi ons and organiza ons or ins tu ons of poli cal, social and economic influence in the EU. These ins tu ons include public ad- ministra on, the courts, the elected poli cal bodies, financial ins tu ons, etc. According to the relevant report of the European Ins tute for Gender Equality (EIGE 2015a), which examines the trends in women’s par cipa on in the poli cal, economic and social decision-making centers in the period 2003- 2014 and analyzes data based on 18 indicators adopted by the Council (1999, 2003 and 2008), the representa on of women in poli cal decision-making centers is steadily moving towards a gender-balanced situa on. There is a general and dis nct increase in the par cipa on of women in leading posi- ons in legisla ve and execu ve poli cal ins tu ons and in public admin- istra on. In part, the strengthening of equality in poli cal decision-making 99 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 centers (as opposed to economic decision-making centers) is due to the long commitment of policy-makers and civil society to the democra c principle of equal representa on. Nevertheless, the persistence of gender stereotypes in the distribu on of roles both within poli cal ins tu ons and as a poli - cal culture in general con nues to create barriers to equal representa on. This is par cularly evident in the alloca on of ministerial posi ons and in se- nior administra ve (non-poli cal) posi ons within ministries. Men dominate por olios related to key state func ons such as defense, jus ce, economy and foreign policy. Women, on the other hand, are concentrated in ministries with socio-cultural func ons such as educa on, health, tourism and culture. In the economic sphere, progress on women’s representa on was very no ceable in business boards. In the last decade, women’s representa on has also improved slightly in the organiza ons represen ng employees and employers, both at European and na onal level. Generally, however, in the economic field, par cularly at EU level, the pace of change was extremely slow. Men dominate the management of central banks and occupy the ma- jority of posi ons as chairpersons of boards of directors. As regards the academic and research area, the media and sport, women in almost all EU countries are the minority at the top of the academic hierar- chy, despite the fact that the propor on of women at different stages in their careers has started to improve (EIGE 2015a). The phenomenon of «glass ceil- ing» is also seen in media organiza ons, where the propor on of women in decision-making centers decreases as the level of the hierarchy rises. In 2012, on average at EU level women accounted for less than one-fi h of the presi- dents and less than a third of the members of the highest decision-making hierarchy in selected media organiza ons (EIGE 2015a). According to the latest World Economic Forum (2014) report, Greece is ranked 108th among the 142 countries examined in the Report, in the over- all performance of the Gender Gap Index, 68th in terms of the number of women in Parliament, 130th on the number of women in ministerial posi- ons and 64th on the indicator of whether there has been a woman head of state in the last 50 years. The country performs extremely poorly in terms of par cipa on of women in parliament and the government, while in the la er case there is a large devia on from the average of the sample. Also, according to the Gender Equality Index (2015) of the European Ins - tute for Gender Equality on the par cipa on of women in power from 2005 to 2012, Greece has low percentages in individual indicators rela ng to poli - cal and economic power,compared to the other member states of the Euro- pean Union. In a total of 9 electoral confronta ons from 1996 to 2015 a slight upward trend in the percentage of elected women in the country is observed. 100 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY The na onal elec ons of September 20, 2015 were not carried out with the cross of preference system, but with the system of reserved combina ons (lists), which led to a decrease in the number of female MPs. studying the bal- lot papers of the par es, it emerged, on the one hand that the par es have respected - in several cases almost marginally - the gender quota defined by the law, and on the other hand, compliance with the gender quota was «fa- cilitated» by the par cipa on of a large number of women in large electoral districts (eg in Athens’ second district) and in non- electable posi ons. As regards women elected at the 2014 local and regional elec ons, an upward trend, of about 2 percentage points (18.08% vs. 16.07% in the 2010 elec ons) for municipali es and about 1 percentage point (17.36% vs. 16.56% in the 2010 elec ons) for the regional elec ons, is showed. At the same me, there is a doubling of the number of female Mayors (16 vs. 8) and 2 female Regional Governors against none in the previous regional period. The rate, especially for the post of Mayor, remains desperately low (4.92%), while for the office of the Regional Governor it amounts to 15.4%. The elec on of two women Regional Governors (A ca and North Aegean) is par cularly important, since the A ca Region is the largest region of the country, while at the same me about half of the members of the A ca Re- gional Council are women. Moreover, 12 female Deputy Regional Governors were elected, while 15 female thema c Deputy Regional Governors were ap- pointed. Regarding public administra on, the need for balanced gender par cipa- on in the decision-making process of the collec ve bodies of the Public Sec- tor (Government, Ministries, Public and Private Law En es, Local Authori- es)is impera ve. Despite the fact that there is a regulated gender quota, data remain incomplete, mainly due to the inadequate no fica on of the decisions cons tu ng the collec ve bodies by the bodies concerned. Finally, as regards the par cipa on of women at the three levels of trade union membership, ie par cipa on in the Associa ons (as members), elec- on to the Boards of Directors of the Associa ons and to the Boards of the sectoral or local federa ons, it is noted that the propor on of par cipa on between men and women is reversed in favor of men, as we go up in the hierarchy. In other words, the low percentage of female trade unionists is declining further as we go up in the hierarchy, while the propor on of male unionists is rising (KGME - Dio ma 2012). The General Secretariat for Gender Equality, designed and is implement- ing, during the current programming period, the Project en tled «Develop- ment of electronic applica on, implementa on of gender quota laws in pub- 101 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 lic administra on bodies and supervised en es» , which is part of the Flag Project: «Organiza on of services for the integra on, monitoring and evalu- a on of equality policies throughout the scope of public ac on» («Observa- tory»). This is an easy-to-use electronic applica on (located at h p://posos- tosi.iso ta.gr), which guides the administra ve bodies in the cons tu on and registra on of the already cons tuted or to-be cons tuted collec ve bodies and facilitates both compliance with the quota and monitoring by the GSGE. At the same me, a Billon Substan ve Gender Equality has been dra ed by the Special Preliminary Dra ing Commi ee formed in 2010, and has been forwarded for adop on including provisions to improve the exis ng legisla- on on the par cipa on of women and men in decision making procedures. The following proposals are based on the CEDAW/UN Conven on on the Elimina on of All Forms of Discrimina on Against Women, as well as the CEDAW Concluding Observa ons and Proposals on the basis of the 7th Greek Report (2005-2008), regarding the par cipa on of women in poli cal and public life. They also emerged through the ac ons and interven ons of the GSGE and the examina on of the current situa on on the basis of quan ta- ve and qualita ve data on the par cipa on of women in electoral process- es, poli cal representa on ins tu ons and decision-making centers. In this context, four (4) Goals for the next five years (2016-2020) have been consid- ered, which are further analyzed in specific areas of interven on and ac ons: 102 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY OBJECTIVE 1: REINFORCEMENT OF THE EQUAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN ALL FIELDS OF PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND, PAR- TICULARLY, IN DECISION-MAKING, PARLIAMENT AND LOCAL- REGIONAL AUTHORITY ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE Specific measures, legisla on and in- s tu onal interven ons to strength- en quota efficiency • Implementa on of the gender quota in the na onal elec on ballots by cons tuency (with at least three candidates). • Increase in governmental state funding for the par es whose wom- en’s lists exceed the mandatory quo- ta of 1/3, calculated on the whole of the Territory • Strict monitoring and sanc ons for non-observance of the 1/3 quota by gender in party ballots • Applying the gender quota in the GSGE, Ministry of the elec ons held with a list of candi- 2016

1 Interior, Greek Parlia- dates -2017 ment • Implementa on of the gender quota in the municipal and regional elec on ballots on the total number of candidates • Proposal for equal par cipa on (50% -50%) of both genders in the Government • Proposal to increase the gender quota in the cases of appointment or sugges on by the Government, the State, the Public and Private Legal En es, the Local Authori es, the members of the Board of Direc- tors or other collec ve administra- on bodies of the Public and Private Legal En es. 103 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Complete ac va on of the exis ng online applica on of the GSGE for the implementa on of gender quota laws in public administra on bodies GSGE, Ministry of the 2016 2 and supervised en es «(h p://po- Interior -2020 sostosi.iso ta.gr) and dissemina on of a relevant Circular to all public bodies. Gender impact assessment study and exploita on of interna onal ex- 2016

3 GSGE amples and good prac ces, to estab- -2017 lish adequate and effec ve quotas. GSGE, Ministry of the Collec on of updated gender sta s- Interior, Greek Parlia- cs and qualita ve data on women’s ment, Social partners, 2016 4 par cipa on in posi ons of author- Universi es, Greek -2019 ity and (a) poli cal, (b) social and (c) Na onal Council for economic decision-making centers Radio and Television, financial ins tu ons Prepara on of annual reports, stud- ies, indicators based on systema c implementa on, monitoring of the GSGE, Ministry of the 2016 5 30% quota in the administra ve and Interior -2020 service councils of the public admin- istra on. GSGE, Founda on of Studies on the Parliamentary Work 6 the Hellenic Parlia- 2017-2020 of Elected Women ment, Universi es GSGE, Founda on of Studies on the promo on of wom- 7 the Hellenic Parlia- 2017-2020 en’s parliamentary history ment, Universi es Crea on of an e-catalog and data- base of MPs and women who have 8 emerged in posi ons of government GSGE –GSGE Library 2016-2019 responsibility since the founding of the Greek State 104 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY OBJECTIVE 2: ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN AND EN- SURING GENDER EQUALITY IN POLITICAL AND PUBLIC LIFE ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Greek Parlia- Promo on and Publicity Ac ons of ment, KETHI, Central the Conven on, its Op onal Proto-

1 Union of Municipali- 2016-2019 col and the CEDAW General Recom- es of Greece, Associ- menda ons a on of Greek Regions Submission of proposals for gender mainstreaming in the Parliament’s Rules of Procedure • Explora on of the possibility of GSGE, Hellenic Parlia- enactment of gender quotas in the ment - Commi ee on the elec on of members of the Bureau Rules of the Parliament, 2 2016-2018 of the Parliament Special Permanent Com- • Penal es for sexist behavior mi ee on Equality, Youth • Consulta on on the role and com- and Human Rights posi on of the Permanent Special Commi ee on Equality, Youth and Human Rights Informing and raising awareness of the democra c par es on the GSGE, Gender Equality 3 implementa on of interven ons and Sec ons of democra c 2016-2019 ac on plans to increase the par ci- par es pa on of women Enriching the Media agenda with gender equality issues • TV shows on issues of gender 4 equality and women’s par cipa on in poli cal life • Crea on of a relevant documen- tary or series of documentaries Raising awareness on sexism in po- GSGE, Parliament TV sta- li cal life 2016-2020 on, ERT • A campaign to raise awareness on gender stereotypes and sexism dur- ing the parliamentary process 5 • A campaign to raise awareness on the elimina on of sexism among the social partners (par es and trade unions) and in municipal and region- al councils 105 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 GSGE, Hellenic Parlia- ment - Commi ee on Seminars on gender issues to male Women’s Rights and 6 2017-2018 and female Members of Parliament Gender Equality of the European Parliament, KETHI, civil society GSGE, Hellenic Parlia- Experien al empowerment work- ment - Commi ee on shops for female Members of Parlia- Women’s Rights and 7 2018-2019 ment - Gender Equality of the «advocates for gender equality» European Parliament, KETHI, civil society Training of parliamentary officials on GSGE, Hellenic Parlia- 8 the use of the Guide for non-sexist 2016-2017 ment, EKKDA language in public documents GSGE, EKKDA in col- Training of journalists, teachers, labora on with femi- 9 public administra on officers, mem- 2016-2019 nist organiza ons and bers of civil society civil society OBJECTIVE 3: POLICIES FOR BALANCED PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN ELEC- TIONS ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Parliament TV sta on, ERT, Poli cal par es, social part- ners, Central Union of Municipali es of End of Awareness raising campaign to in- Greece, Associa on 2018 - 1 crease female par cipa on in local/ of Greek Regions, Mu- 2019 regional elec ons (2019) nicipali es, Regions, (un l the Regional Gender elec ons) Equality Commission, Municipal Gender Equality Commi ee, civil society 106 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY GSGE, Regional Gen- der Equality Commis- sion, Municipal Gen- der Equality Commit- Crea on of a networking and co- tee, Gender Equality opera on pla orm to enhance the

2 Offices of the Central 2016-2019 par cipa on of women in local and Union of Municipali- regional government es of Greece and the Associa on of Greek Regions, civil society, feminist organiza ons Ensuring the permanent and stable GSGE, Central Union func oning of the Local Government of Municipali es of

3 Equality Bureaus (Central Union of Greece, Associa on 2016-2020 Municipali es of Greece, Associa on of Greek Regions, Mu- of Greek Regions, Municipali es) nicipali es A campaign to raise awareness of GSGE, Poli cal par es, 4 women’s par cipa on in the Euro- 2018-2019 civil society pean Parliament elec ons (2019) OBJECTIVE 4: STRENGTHENING AND DEVELOPING WOMEN’S SKILLS AND CAPACITY IN ORDER TO PARTICIPATE IN DECISION-MAKING CENTERS AND PROCEDURES AND IN LEADING POSITIONS ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING BODY TIMETABLE GSGE, Gender Equality Training program for empowering Offices of the Central and developing the skills of elected Union of Municipali- 1 2017-2019 women and candidates in the local es of Greece and the and regional elec ons (2019) Associa on of Greek Regions GSGE, Commi ee on Training program for empowering Women’s Rights Gen- and developing the skills of candi- 2 der Equality of the 2017-2019 date MEPs for the European Parlia- European Parliament, ment elec ons (2019) etc. 107 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Strengthening women / feminist or- ganiza ons for their ac ve par cipa- on in the empowerment of women and special groups of women

3 GSGE, civil society 2016-2019 • Implemen ng mentoring programs • Implemen ng training and em- powerment programs for young women GSGE, KETHI, Regional Crea ng networks of women (elect- Gender Equality Com- 4 ed women, women in posi ons of mission, Municipal 2016-2019 responsibility, experts) Gender Equality Com- mi ee, civil society 108 Horizontal legisla ve interven ons LEGISLATION ON GENDER EQUALITY Under the Na onal Program 2010-2013, a Legisla ve Preparatory Com- mi ee was set up to work on a dra law on effec ve gender equality. Follow- ing this ini a ve, the bill was updated in 2016 and forwarded to the compe- tent Minister for further processing and ra fica on by the Greek Parliament. The purpose of the bill is to specify the rules deriving from the principle of gender equality and to ensure the applica on of the principle of equal treat- ment and equal opportuni es for all members of the community as well as the achievement of effec ve gender equality. With this bill, Greece is in line with its interna onal and EU obliga ons to achieve effec ve gender equality by establishing a set of provisions that ensure its effec ve implementa on in prac ce. In par cular, the proposed bill seeks to create the bases and condi ons for the prac cal achievement of effec ve gender equality and the elimina on of gender discrimina on in all areas of public, social and economic life, by pro- viding policies, measures and ac ons implemented by the state on behalf of civil society and their collec ve organiza ons. The bill is structured in four chapters. The first chapter lays down provi- sions on the principle of equal treatment and protec on against direct, indi- rect and mul ple discrimina on and conceptual defini ons. The second chapter concerns gender mainstreaming in public policies and their implementa on measures, including the budget, with a view to elimina ng, restoring and preven ng inequali es between women and men, and the obliga ons imposed at ministerial and governmental level. Issues and quotas on elec ons and collec ve bodies are determined in or- der to enhance women’s poli cal par cipa on. Other ar cles address equal- ity issues in educa on, research and career guidance as well as gender main- streaming in health and social solidarity policies. The third chapter refers to provisions on gender mainstreaming rela on- ships between individuals. The issues that are more specifically dealt with concern the fields of work, social dialogue, social responsibility, welfare and social security and the media. Finally, the organiza onal provisions determine the na onal mechanism for gender equality and establish the Na onal Council for Gender Equality. 109 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 REFERENCES Greek - language Αβδελά, Ε., (1986), Ποιες δουλειές παίρνουν οι γυναίκες;, Περιοδικό ∆ίνη. Αθανασάτου, Ι., (2014), Εθνικές και ευρωπαϊκές πολιτικές: 4η Θεματική ενότητα εκπαιδευτικού υλικού, Κέντρο Ερευνών για Θέματα Ισότητας (ΚΕΘΙ), Αθήνα. Αθανασάτου, Ι., (2015),’Εμφυλα στερεότυπα στα ΜΜΕ. Σκέψεις για την αλ- λαγή τους, στο Ο αγώνας της γυναίκας (Τεύχος 94), Έκδοση του Συνδέσμου για τα Δικαιώματα της Γυναίκας, http://www.leagueforwomenrights.gr. Αθανασάτου, Ι., (2014) Πολιτική Επικοινωνία-Ζητήματα Επικοινωνίας και Φύλου, 3η Θεματική Ενότητα Εκπαιδευτικού Υλικού, Κέντρο Ερευνών για Θέματα Ισότητας (ΚΕΘΙ), Αθήνα. Ανάσα, Υποστήριξη ατόμων που πάσχουν από διατροφικές διαταραχές, www.anasa.com.gr. Arnot, M., Man an Ghaill, M., (2008), Φύλο και Εκπαίδευση, Συλλογή άρ- θρων του εκδοτικού οίκου The Routledge Falmer, Β. Δεληγιάννη, Β. Καλατή, Β. Μάναγα, Κ. Πετρίδου (επιμ), Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, Θεσσαλονίκη. Αρσέλ, Λ.Τ. (επιμ.) (2011), Βία κατά των γυναικών. Οδηγός παροχής συμ- βουλευτικών υπηρεσιών και λειτουργίας των υποστηρικτικών δομών, Γε- νική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων, Αθήνα. Αρσέλ, Λ.Τ., Χαρίτου-Φατούρου, Μ. και Αδαμάκη, Θ. (επιμ.), (2008), Καταρ- γώντας τα εμπόδια: Συμβουλευτική και ενδυνάμωση γυναικών, 2η έκδ., Ελληνικά Γράμματα, Αθήνα. Βαΐου, Ν. & Στρατηγάκη, Μ., (1989), Η εργασία των γυναικών: ανάμεσα σε δύο κόσμους, Σύγχρονα Θέματα, 40, σ. 15-24. Βαξεβάνογλου, Α., (2001), Έλληνες τσιγγάνοι, περιθωριακοί και οικογενει- άρχες, Αλεξάνδρεια, Αθήνα. Βουγιούκα, Α., (2013), Συμβουλευτικό Εργαλείο για την Πρωτογενή Πρόλη- ψη της Βίας κατά των Γυναικών, Σχέδιο Δράσης: ΦΕΜ-ΑΤΤΙΚΑ, Δράσεις Εν- 110 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY δυνάμωσης, Πρόληψης της Έμφυλης Βίας, Ενίσχυσης της Κοινωνικής/ Εργα- σιακής Επανένταξης Ευπαθών Ομάδων Γυναικών, Κέντρο Γυναικείων Μελε- τών και Ερευνών – Διοτίμα, Αθήνα, http://www.diotima.org.gr/wp-content/ uploads/2013/07/ERGALEIO-PROLIPSI-1.pdf. Βαρχαλαμά, Ε., Μπουκουβάλας, Κ., Παπαγεωργίου, Η., (2015), Η Συμμετοχή των Γυναικών στα Όργανα Διοίκησης των Συνδικαλιστικών Οργανώσεων Δομής της Γενικής Συνομοσπονδίας Εργατών Ελλάδας. Αθήνα: Ινστιτούτο Εργασίας ΓΣΕΕ. Βοσνιάδου, Σ., Δενδρινού, Β., (2008), Αντιμετωπίζοντας τις έμφυλες ανισό- τητες στα Πανεπιστήμια: Χρονικό Δραστηριοτήτων, Εκδόσεις ΘΕ.ΦΥΛ.ΙΣ., Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών για Θέματα Φύλου και Ισότητας, Εθνικό και Καποδι- στριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Αθήνα. Βουγιούκα, Α., (2012), Κοινωνική Πολιτική με την Οπτική του Φύλου: Αμ- φισβητήσεις & Προτεραιότητες, στο Βουγιούκα, Θελερίτη, Οικονόμου, Βάσσου (2012) Οδηγός για την ένταξη της οπτικής του φύλου (gender mainstreaming) στην κοινωνική πολιτική που ασκείται σε τοπικό επίπεδο & της κατάρτισης του προϋπολογισμού των δήμων με την οπτική του φύλου (gender budgeting). Α. Ηλικιωμένες Γυναίκες , Β. Γυναίκες Ρομά, Γ. Γυναίκες με αναπηρία, Δ. Μετανάστριες, εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο του Ευρωπαϊκού Προγράμματος Progress, Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων. Βουγιούκα, Α., Λιάπη, Μ., Τζαβάρα, Μ., (2012), Μελέτη Χαρτογράφησης της Υφιστάμενης Κατάστασης των Γυναικών στα Κέντρα Λήψης Αποφάσεων των Συλλογικών Οργάνων της ΓΣΕΒΕΕ, εκπονήθηκε για το ΙΜΕ ΓΣΕΒΕΕ στο πλαίσιο του έργου «Εκπόνηση Ολοκληρωμένου Σχεδίου Δράσης για την Προ- ώθηση των Γυναικών στα Συλλογικά Όργανα της ΓΣΕΒΕΕ και για τη Λειτουργία Υπηρεσίας για Θέματα Ισότητας» του Ε.Π «Διοικητική Μεταρρύθμιση 2007- 2013» της ΕΥΕ/ ΓΓΙΦ. Αθήνα: ΚΓΜΕ Διοτίμα - ΙΜΕ ΓΣΕΒΕΕ. Βουγιούκα, Α., (2011), Συμβουλευτικά Κέντρα και Δομές Υποστήριξης: Προ- διαγραφές Οργάνωσης και Λειτουργίας από τη σκοπιά της έμφυλης κατα- νόησης της βίας κατά των γυναικών, RednoteBook, 4 Μαΐου 2011, http:// rnbnet.gr/details.php?id=2457. Γενική Γραμματεία Δια Βίου Μάθησης (ΓΓ ΔΒΜ) (2013α), Έκθεση 2012 για τη Δια Βίου Μάθηση, Υπουργείο Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων, Πολιτισμού και Αθλη- τισμού, http://www.gsae.edu.gr/images/stories/APOLOGISMOS_2013_final.pdf. Γενική Γραμματεία Δια Βίου Μάθησης (ΓΓ ΔΒΜ) (2013β), Εθνικό Πρόγραμ- μα Δια Βίου Μάθηση 2013 – 2015, Υπουργείο Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων, Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού, http://www.gsae.edu.gr/images/publications/ ETHNIKO_PROGRAMMA_2013-2015.pdf. 111 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY 2016 - 2020 Γενική Γραμματεία Δια Βίου Μάθησης (ΓΓ ΔΒΜ): Έργα και δράσεις της ΓΓ ΔΒΜ και του Ινστιτούτου Νεολαίας και Δια Βίου Μάθησης (ΙΝΕΔΙΒΙΜ), Υπουργείο Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων, Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού, https://www.inedivim.gr/. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας Φύλων, (2014), Ανεργία, Επισφάλεια και ανισό- τητες φύλου: επιπτώσεις της κρίσης στις γυναίκες και τα νοικοκυριά στην Ελ- λάδα, Έρευνα που εκπονήθηκε από την εταιρεία Evolution Projects στο πλαίσιο του έργου «Eκπόνηση μελετών, ερευνών και εθνικών εκθέσεων για την υποστή- ριξη της λειτουργίας του Μηχανισμού-Δομής Παρακολούθησης της Ισότητας των Φύλων (ΕΣΠΑ 2007-2013)», h p://www.iso ta.gr/index.php/docs/2262. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων, (2012), Εθνικό Πρόγραμμα για την Ουσιαστική Ισότητα των Φύλων - Απολογιστική Έκθεση: Νοέμβριος 2009 - Ιούνιος 2012, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, http://www.isotita.gr/var/uploads/POLICIES. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων, (2010), Εθνικό Πρόγραμμα για την Ουσιαστική Ισότητα των Φύλων 2010-2013, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, Απο- κέντρωσης και Ηλεκτρονικής Διακυβέρνησης, http://www.isotita.gr/var/ uploads/PLHROFORIAKO%20YLIKO/ETHNIKO_PROGRAMMA_OYSIASTIKH_ ISOTHTA_FYLWN_2010_2013.pdf. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων (2009), Εθνικό Πρόγραμμα για την Πρό- ληψη και την Καταπολέμηση της Βίας κατά των γυναικών (2009-2013), Υπουρ- γείο Δικαιοσύνης, Διαφάνειας και Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων, Αθήνα, http:// www.isotita.gr/var/uploads/Press/25112009_Ethniko_programma_bia.pdf. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων, (2004), Εθνικές Προτεραιότητες και Άξονες Δράσης για την Ισότητα των Φύλων (2004-2008), Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και Αποκέντρωσης, Αθήνα. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας / ΕΚΚΕ, (1988), Έρευνα για την πολιτική συμπε- ριφορά των γυναικών. Μέρος Α’ και Β’, Αθήνα. Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας Φύλων, (2013), «Η Υγεία των ανδρών και γυναι- κών στην Ελλάδα: Κατάσταση Υγείας, Χρήση Υπηρεσιών Υγείας και Προσ- διοριστικοί Παράγοντες» στο πλαίσιο του έργου «Eκπόνηση μελετών, ερευ- νών και εθνικών εκθέσεων για την υποστήριξη της λειτουργίας του Μηχανι- σμού-Δομής Παρακολούθησης της Ισότητας των Φύλων (ΕΣΠΑ 2007-2013)». Γενική Γραμματεία Ισότητας των Φύλων, (2012), Οδηγός για την ένταξη της οπτικής του Φύλου στην κοινωνική πολιτική και στην κατάρτιση του προϋ- πολογισμού των Δήμων με την οπτική του φύλου (στο πλαίσιο του Έργου Ευ- 112 GENERAL SECRETARΙΑΤ FOR GENDER EQUALITY ρωπαϊκό Πρόγραμμα PROGRESS «Ένταξη της οπτικής του φύλου με έμφαση στις κοινωνικά μειονεκτούσες γυναίκες, σε Δήμους της Ελλάδας», h p:// www.iso ta.gr/index.php/docs/c196/. 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