Law No. 1818 ratifying the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985) and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)

3721 E(l)HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI THI EMHNIKHI 4HMOKPATIAI A8HNA 15 NOEMBPIOY 1988 TEVXOI nPOTO APl8MOI GYMOY 263 NOMOI Yff APIS. 1818 Kve"""J 'ffj(; Evµ/JaO'TJ{; ff](; Bim1](; TOV 1985 )'&a ffJll neouraaia T1J~ uro,pa;6a~ TOV t}{ono(; 1ta1 TOV lle<iJT01tollov TOV Moneecu TOV 198 7 )'UJ T" ovaie~ nov 1ta-rauree,pov,, ffJ urotPiwa TOV o{on~. 0 nPOEAPOI THI EMHNIKHI 4HMOKPATIAI Ex6Iooiu -cov oocOA.ou&o YOIJ.O 1tou cjriJip,cn 'I Bou).:ij: • Ap9po 1tpw,o Kupwvwr0t1 XOtl ixouv tTjY ICJXU 7t0U opi~ltl to «p8po 28 7t0tp«TP~ 1 tou l:UY't«TJLOttoc; 71 l:u~OtOTj tTjc; B,iwric; tOU 1985 TIOt tTj\l 1tpOO't0t­ <Jt0t tT)c; atotfj«&tc; 'tOU o~wroc; XOtl 'tO IlpwtoxoUo tOU MMp&OtA tOU 1987 T'Ot ttc; ouai,c; ,cou x0tt0tatpiipouv tT) ato1~60t tou o~o\l'toc;, tOt x1i­ fL&\10t tW\I 07tOtW\I (JI 7tpwtotU7tO <JtTj\l OtTIAUC~ TAW<J(J0t XOtL (JI JLlt«­ q>pa<JT) <JtTjV ,UT)Yuc~ ixouv ~ ,~c;: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer VIENNA CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LA YER Preamble The Parties to this Convention, Aware of the potentially harmful impact on human health and the environment through modification of the ozone layer, ~ecalling the pertinent provisions of the Declaration of the United N~lio~s Conference on the Human Environment, and in particular pnnc1ple 21, which provides that "States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their ~w n envi~onmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that ac­ liv1t 1es within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the ~nv1ronment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national Jurisdiction", Taking into account the circumstances and particular require­ ments of developing countries, . Mindful of the work and studies proceeding within both interna­ tional ~nd national organizations and, in particular, of the World Plan of Aclion on the Ozone Layer of the United Nations Environment Pro­ gramme, Mindful also of the precautionary measures for the protection of the ozone layer which have already been taken at the national and in­ ternational levels, d Aware that measures to protect the ozone layer from modifications ue to human activities require international co-operation and action, ~nd should be based on relevant scientific and technical considera­ hons, ~ ware also of the need for further research and systematic obser­ vaho ns to further develop scientific knowledge of the ozone layer and possible adverse effects resulting from its modification, Determined to protect human health and the environment against adverse effects resulting from modifications of the ozone layer, HA VE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: Article 1 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Convention: 1. "The ozone layer" means the layer of atmospheric ozone above the planetary boundary layer. 2. "Adverse effects" means changes in the physical environment or biota, including changes in climate, which have significant deleteri­ ous effects on human health or on the composition, resilience and productivity of natural and managed ecosystems, or on materials use­ ful to mankind. 3. "Alternative technologies or equipment" means technologies or equipment the use of which makes it possible to reduce or effectively eliminate emissions of substances which have or are likely to have ad­ verse effects on the ozone layer. 4. "Alternative substances" means substances which reduce, elim­ inate or avoid adverse effects on the ozone layer. 5. "Parties" means, unless the text otherwise indicates, Parties to this Convention. 6. "Regional economic integration organization" means an organi­ zation constituted by sovereign States of a given region which has competence in respect of matters governed by this Convention or its protocols and has been duly authorized, in accordance with its inter­ nal procedures, to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the in­ struments concerned. 7. "Protocols" means protocols to this Convention. Article 2 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 1. The Parties shall take appropriate measures in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and of those protocols in force to which they are party to protect human health and the environment against adverse effects resulting or likely to result from human activi­ ties which modify or are likely to modify the ozone layer. 2. To this end the Parties shall, in accordance with the means at their disposal and their capabilities: (a) Co-operate by means of systematic observation, research and information exchange in order to better understand and assess the ef­ fects of human activities on the ozone layer and the effects on human health and the environment from modification of the ozone layer; (b) Adopt appropriate legislative or administrative measures and co-operate in harmonizing appropriate policies to control, limit, re­ duce or prevent human activities under their jurisdiction or control should it be found that these activities have or are likely to have ad­ verse effects resulting from modification or likely modification of the ozone layer; (c) Co-operate in the formulation of agreed measures, procedures and standards for the implementation of this Convention, with a view to the adoption of protocols and annexes; (d) Co-operate with competent international bodies to implement 3722 ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEVXOI nPQTO) t'llectively this Convention and protocols to which they are pa~y. 3. The provisions of this Convention shall in no way affect the ng~t of Parties to adopt, in accordance with international law, domestic rrwasures additional to those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 above, 11or shall they affect additional domestic measures already taken by a Party, provided that these measures are not incompatible with their obligations under this Convention. 4. The application of this article shall be based on relevant scien­ tific and technical considerations. Article 3 RESEARCH AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS l . The Parties undertake, as appropriate, to initiate and co-operate in, directly or through competent international bodies, the conduct of research and scientific assessments on: (a) The physical and chemical processes that may affect the ozone layer; (b) The human health and other biological effects deriving from any modification of the ozone layer, particularly those resulting from changes in ultra-violet solar radiation having biological effects (UV-H); (c) Climatic effects deriving from any modifications of the ozone layn; ( d) Effects deriving from any modifications of the ozone layer and any consequent change in UV-8 radiation on natural and synthetic materials useful to mankind; (e) Substances, practices, processes and activities that may effect the ozone layer, and their cumulative effects; (I) Alternative substances and technologies; (g) Related socio-economic matters; and as further elaborated in annexes I and II. 2. The Parties undertake to promote or establish, as appropriate, dirt•ctly or through competent international bodies and taking fully into account national legislation and relevant ongoing activities at both till' national and international levels, joint or complementary programmes for systematic observation of the state of the ozone layer and oth<>r relevant parameters, as elaborated in annex I. 3. The Parties undertake to co-operate, directly or through compe­ tent international bodies, in ensuring the collection, validation and trnnsmition of rt'search and observational data through appropriate world data centres in a regular and timely fashion. Article 4 CO-OPERATION IN THE LEGAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FIELDS 1 . The Parties shall facilitate and encourage the exchange of scien­ tific. technical, socio-economic, commercial and legal information relt'vant to this Convention as further elaborated in annex II. Such in­ formation shall be supplied to bodies agreed upon by the Parties. Any such body receiving information regarded as confidential by the sup­ plying Party shall ensure that such information is not disclosed and shall aggregate it to prote<'t its confidentialitv before it is made availa blP to all Parties. 2. The Parties shall co-operate, consistent with their national laws, regulations and practices and taking into account in particular the llt'Nls of the developing countries. in promoting. directly or through competent international bodies, the development and transfer of tech­ nology anrl knowledge. Such co-operation shall be carried out partic­ ularly through: (a) Facilitation of the acquisition of alternative technologies by otlwr Parties; th) Provision of information on alternative technologies and equip­ lllt'llt, and supplv of Spe<'ial manuals or guides to them; (c) The supply of necessary equipment and facilities for research and s,·sternat ic observations; (d) Appropriate training of scientific and technical personnel Article 5 TRANSMISSION OF l~FORMATION The Parties shall transmit. through the secretarial, to the Confer 1·11<·•· of the Parties establishf'd under article 6 information on the rneasurt's adopted by them in implementation of this Convention and of protocols to which they are party in such form and at such intervals as the meetings of the parties to the relevant instruments may deter­ mme. Article 6 CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES 1. A Conference of the Parties is hereby established. The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties shall be convened by the sec­ retariat designated on an interim basis under article 7 not later than one year after entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, ordi­ nary meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at regular intervals to be determined by the Conference at its first meeting. 2. Extraordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Confer­ ence, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to them by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. 3. The Conference of the Parties shall by consensus agree upon and adopt rules of procedure and financial rules for itself and for any subsidiary bodies it may establish, as well as financial provisions gov­ erning the functioning of the secretariat. 4. The Conference of the Parties shall keep under continuous re­ view the implementation of this Convention, and, in addition, shall: (a) Establish the form and the intervals for transmitting the in for­ mation to the submitted in accordance with article 5 and consider such information as well as reports submitted by any subsidiary body; (b) Review the scientific information on the ozone layer, on its pos­ sible modification and on possible effects of any such modification; (c) Promote, in accordance with article 2, the harmonization of ap­ propriate policies, strategies and measures for minimizing the release of substances causing or likely to cause modification of the ?zone layer, and make recommendations on any other measures relatmg to this Convention; ( d) Adopt, in accordance with articles 3 and 4, programme s for re­ search, systematic observations, scientific and technological co­ operation, the exchange of information and the transfer of technology and knowledge; (e) Consider and adopt, as required, in accordance with articles 9 and 10 ammendments to this Convention and its annexes; (I) Consider to any protocol, as well as to any annexes thereto, and, if so decided, recommend their adoption to the parties to the protocol concerned; (g) Consider and adopt, as required, in accordance with article 1 O additional annexes to this Convention; (h) Consider and adopt, as required, protocols in accordance with article 8; (i) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deamed necessary for the implementation of this Convention; U) Seek, where appropriate, the services of competent interna­ tional bodies and scientific committees, in particular the World Me 1 te­ orological Organization and the World Health Organization, as wel as the Co-ordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer, in scientific r:· search, systematic observations and other activities pertinent ~o / e objectives of this Convention, and make use as appropriate of ill or­ mation from these bodies and committees; (k) Consider and undertake any additional action that ma~ be re­ quired for the achievement of the purposes of this Convention. 5. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the lntern;.­ tional Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State not party to/ ~s Convention. may be represented at meetings of the Conference? t e Parties by observers. Any body or agency, whether national or m~er­ national, governmental or non-governmental, qualified in fields re at­ ing to the protection of the ozone layer which has informed the secref lariat of its wish to be represented at a meeting of the Conferen c~ 0 f the Parties as an observer may be admitted unless at least one-thtr 0 the Parties present object. The admission and participation of ob~n ers shall be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by the Con er­ ence of the Parties. ECl>HMEPII THI KVBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) 3723 Article 7 SECRETARIAT l . The functions of the secretariat shall be: (a) To arrange for and service meetings provided for in articles 6, 8, 9 and 10; (b) To prepare and transmit reports based upon information re­ ceived in accordance with articles 4 and 5, as well as upon informa­ tion derived from meetings of subsidiary bodies established under ar­ ticle 6; (c) To perform the functions assigned to it by any protocol; (d) To prepare reports on its activities carried out in implementa­ tion of its functions under this Convention and present them lo the Conference of the Parties; (e) To ensure the necessary co-ordination with other relevant inter­ national bodies, and in particular to enter into such administrative and contractual arrangements as may be required for the effective discharge of its functions; (f) To perform such other functions as may be determined by the Conference of the Parties. 2. The secretariat functions will be carried out on an interim basis by the United Nations Environment Programme until the completion of the first ordinary meeting of the Conference of the Parties held pur­ suant to article 6. At its first ordinary meeting, the Conference of the Parties shall designate the secretariat from amongst those existing competent international organizations which have signified their will­ ingness to carry out the secretariat functions under this Convention. Article 8 ADOPTION OF PROTOCOLS 1. The Conference of the Parties may at a meeting adopt protocols pursuant to article 2. 2. The text of any proposed protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before such a meeting. Article 9 AMENDMENT OF THE CONVENTION OR PROTOCOLS 1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Convention or to any protocol. Such amendments shall take due account, inter alia, of relevant scientific and technical considerations. 2. Amendments to this Convention shall be adopted at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties. Amendments to any protocol shall be adopted at a meeting of the Parties to the protocol in question. The text of any proposed amendment to this Convention or to any proto­ col, except as may otherwise be provided in such protocol, shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months be­ fore the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat sh all also communicate proposed amendments to the signatories to this Convention for information. 3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Convention by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the ~mendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths major­ ity vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting, and shall be submitted by the Depositary to all Parties for ratification, approval or acceptance. 4. The procedure mentioned in paragraph 3 above shall apply to ame ndments to any protocol, except that a two-thirds majority of the parties to that protocol present and voting at the meeting shall suffice for their adoption. . 5. Ratification, approval or acceptance of amendments shall be no­ tified to the Depositary in writing. Amendments adopted in accor­ dan:e with paragraphs 3 or 4 above shall enter into force between parhes having accepted them on the ninetieth day after the receipt by the Depositary of notification of their ratification, approval or accep­ tance by at least three-fourths of the Parties to this Convention or by at least two-thirds of the parties to the protocol concerned, except as may otherwise be provided in such protocol. Thereafter the amend­ ments shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after that Party deposits its instrument of ratification, approval or ac­ ceptance of the amendments. o. For the purposes of this article, "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. Article 10 ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF ANNEXES 1. The annexes to this Convention or to any protocol shall form an integral part of this Convention or of such protocol, as the case may be, and, unless expressly provided otherwise, a reference to this Con­ vention or its protocols constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Such annexes shall be restricted to scientific, techni­ cal and administrative matters. 2. Except as may be otherwise provided in any protocol with re­ spect to its annexes, the following procedure shall apply to the pro­ posal, adoption and entry into force of additional annexes to this Con­ vention or of annexes to a protocol: (a) Annexes to this Convention shall be proposed and adopted ac­ cording to the procedure laid down in article 9, paragraphs 2 and 3, while annexes to any protocol shall be proposed and adopted accord­ ing to the procedure laid down in article 9, paragraphs 2 and 4; (b) Any party that is unable to approve an additional annex to this Convention or an annex to any protocol to which it is party shall so notify the Depositary, in writing, within six months from the date of the communication of the adoption by the Depositary. The Depositary shall without delay notify all Parties of any such notification received. A Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for a previous dec­ laration of objection and the annexes shall thereupon enter into force for that Party; (c) On the expiry of six months from the date of the circulation of the communication by the Depositary, the annex shall become effec­ tive for all Parties to this Convention or to any protocol concerned which have not submitted a notification in accordance with the provi­ sion of subparagraph (b) above. 3. The proposal, adoption and entry into force of amendments to annexes to this Convention or to any protocol shall be subject lo the same procedure as for the proposal, adoption and entry into force of annexes to the Convention or annexes to a protocol. Annexes and amendments thereto shall take due account, inter alia, of relevant sci­ entific and technical considerations. 4. If an additional annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this Convention or to any protocol, the additional annex or amended annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to this Convention or to the protocol concerned enters into force. Article 11 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. In the event of a dispute between Parties concerning the inter­ pretation or application of this Convention, the parties concerned shall seek solution by negotiation. 2. If the parties concerned cannot reach agreement by negotiation, they may jointly seek the good offices of, or request mediation by, a third party. 3. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Con­ vention, or at any time thereafter, a State or regional economic inte­ gration organization may declare in writing to the Depositary that for a dispute not resolved in accordance with paragraph l or paragraph 2 above, it accepts one or both of the following means of dispute settle­ ment as compulsory: (a) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties at its first ordinary meeting; • (b) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice. 4. If the parties have not, in accordance with paragraph 3 above, accepted the same or any procedure, the dispute shall be submitted to conciliation in accordance with paragraph 5 below unless the parties otherwise agree. 5. A conciliation commission shall be created upon the request of one of the parties to the dispute. The commission shall be composed of an equal number of members appointed by each pa~y concerned and a chairman chosen jointly by the members appointed by each party. The commission shall rend~r a ~nal and ~ecommendatory award, which the parties shall consider m good faith. 6. The provisions of this article shall apply with respect to any pro­ tocol except as otherwise provided in the protocol concerned. 3724 ECDHMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEOI (TEYXOI nPOTO) Article 12 SIGNATURE This Convention shall be open for signature by States and by re­ gional economic integration organizations at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Austria in Vienna from 22 Mar~h 1985 to 21 September 1985, and at United Nations Headquarters m Nt'w York from 22 September 1985 to 21 March 1986. Article 13 RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE OR APPROVAL 1. This Convention and any protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and by regional economic integra­ tion organizations. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Depositary. 2. Any organization referred to in paragraph 1 above which be­ comes a Party to this Convention or any protocol without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations un­ der the Convention or the protocol, as the case may be. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to the Convention or relevant protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the per­ formance of their obligation under the Convention or protocol, as the case may be. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under the Convention or rele­ vant protocol concurrently. 3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval, the organizations referred to in paragraph 1 above shall declare the ex­ tent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by the Convention or the relevant protocol. These organizations shall also in­ form the Depositary of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence. Article 14 ACCESSION 1. This Convention and any protocol shall be open for accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations from the date on which the Convention or the protocol concerned is closed for signature. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. 2. In their instruments of accession, the organizations referred to in paragraph 1 above shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by the Convention or the relevant protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence. 3. The provisions of article 13, paragraph 2, shall apply to regional economic integration organizations which accede to this Convention or any protocol. Article 15 RIGHT TO VOTE 1. Each Party to this Convention or to any protocol shall have one vote. 2. Except as provided for in paragraph 1 above, regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States which are Parties to the Convention or the rel­ evant protocol. Such organi1.ations shall not exercise their right to vote if their States exercise theirs. and vice versa. Article 16 RELATIONS HIP BETWEEN THE CONVENTION AND ITS PROTOCOLS 1 • A State or a regional economic integration organization may not become a party to a protocol unless it is, or becomes at the same time, a Party lo the Convention. 2. Decisions concerning any protocol shall be taken only by the parties to the protocol concerned. Article 17 ENTRY INTO FORCE 1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, accep­ tance, approval or accession. 2. Any protocol, except as otherwise provided in such protocol, shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the eleventh instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of such protocol or accession thereto. 3. For each Party which ratifies, accepts, or approves this Conven­ tion or accedes thereto after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, it shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by such Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 4. Any protocol, except as otherwise provided in such protocol, shall enter into force for a party that ratifies, accepts or approves that protocol or accedes thereto after its entry into force pur~uant to para­ graph 2 above, on the ninetieth day after the date on which that party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or acces­ sion, or on the date on which the Convention enters into force for the Party, whichever shall be the later. 5. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 above, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of such or­ ganization. Article 18 RESERVATIONS No reservations may be made to this Convention. Article 19 WITHDRAWAL 1. At any time after four years from the date on which this Conven­ tion has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from the Convention by giving written notification to the Depositary. 2. Except as may be provided in any protocol, at any time after four years from the date on which such protocol has entered into for~ for a Party, that Party may withdraw from the protocol by giving wntten notification to the Depositary. 3. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year after the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal. 4. Any Party which withdraws from this Convention shall be ~o~­ sidered as also having withdrawn from any protocol to which it is party. Article 20 DEPOSITARY 1. The Secretary - General of the United Nations shall assume the functions of depositary of this Convention and any protocols. 2. The Depositary shall inform the Parties, in particular, of: (a) The signature of this Convention and of any protocol, and the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or acces· sion in accordance with articles 13 and 14; (b) The date on which the Convention and any protocol will come into force in accordance with article 1 7; ( c) Notifications of withdrawal made in accordance with article 19; (d) Amendments adopted with respect to the Convention and ~ny protocol, their acceptance by the parties and their date of entry mto force in accordance with article 9; (e) All communications relating to the adoption and approval of ~r nexes and to the amendment of annexes in accordance with artic e 10; (f) Notifications by regional economic integration organizations :r the extent of their competence with respect to matters governed Y this Convention and any protocols, and of any modifications thereof. (g) Declarations made in accordance with article 11, paragraph 3 • ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPQTO) Article 21 AUTHENTIC TEXTS The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, Eng 1 ish, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary - General of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention. Done in Vienna on the 22nd day of March 1985 Annex I RESEARCH AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS 1. The Parties to the Convention recognize that the major scientific issues are: (a) Modification of the ozone layer which would result in a change in the amount of solar ultra-violet radiation having biological effects (UV-8) that reaches the Earth's surface and the potential conse­ quences for human health, for organisms, ecosystems and material useful to mankind; (b) Modification of the vertical distribution of ozone, which could change the temperature structure of the atmosphere and the potential consequences for weather and climate. 2. The Parties to the Convention, in accordance with article 3, shall co-operate in conducting research and systematic observations and in formulating recommendations for future research and observation in such areas as: (~) Research into the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. (1) Comprehensive theoretical models: further development of models which consider the interaction between radiative, dynamic and chemical processes; studies of the simultaneous effects of various ?1an-made and naturally occurring species upon atmospheric ozone; interpretation of satellite and non-satellite measurement data sets: evaluation of trends in atmospheric and geophysical parameters, and the development of methods for attributing changes in these parame­ ters lo specific causes; (i!) Laboratory studies of: rate coefficients, absorption cross­ secllons and mechanisms of tropospheric and stratospheric chemical and photochemical processes; spectroscopic data to support field me~urements in all relevant spectral regions; (111) Field measurements: the concentration and fluxes of key source. gases of both natural and anthropogenic origin; atmospheric dynamics studies; simultaneous measurements of photochemically­ related species down to the planetary boundary layer, using in situ and remote sensing instruments; intercomparison of different sen­ sors, including co-ordinated correlative measurements for satellite in­ st:umentation; three-dimensional fields of key atmospheric trace con­ st11~ents, solar spectral flux and meteorological parameters; (iv) Instrument development, including satellite and non-satellite ~nsors for atmospheric trace constituents, solar flux and meteorolog­ Ical parameters· (?) Research into health, biological and photodegradation effects. . (i) The relationship between human exposure to visible and ultra­ violet solar radiation and (a) the development of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer and (b) the effects on the immunological system; (ii) Effects of UV-8 radiation, including the wavelength depend­ ~nce, upon (a) agricultural crops, forests and other terrestial ecosys­ e~~-a nd (b) the aquatic food web and fisheries, as well as possible m ~ .. 1110n of oxygen production by marine phytoplankton; ( 111) The mechanisms by which UV-B radiation acts on biological ~aten~ls, species and ecosystems, including; the relationship be­ tet~n ose, dose rate, and response; photorepair, adaption, and pro­ ec ion; (iv) Studies of biological action spectra and the spectral response t~smg polychromatic radiation in order to include possible interac Ions of the • I . vanous wave ength regions· tie (v) fl~e in~uence of UV-B radiation o~: the sensitivities and activi­ pr s O iological species important to the biospheric balance; primary 7~s~s s~ch as photosynthesis and biosynthesis; poJivi) he mfl~ence of UV-B radiation on the photodegradation of ( )~ls, agr1cultural chemicals and other materials; ~ esearch on effects on climate: (i) Theoretical and observational studies of the radiative effects of ozone and other trace species and the impact on climate parameters, such as land and ocean surface temperatures, precipitation patterns, the exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere; (ii) The investigation of the effects of such climate impacts on vari­ ous aspects of human activity; (d) Systematic observations on: . W The status of the ozone layer (i.e. the spatial and temporal varia­ b1hty of the total column ~ontent and vertical distribution) by making th~ Global Ozone Observing System, based on the integration of sat­ ellite and ground-based systems, fully operational; (ii) The tropospheric and stratospheric concentrations of source gases for the HO , NO , CIO and carbon families· (iii) The tempe;ature'from the ground to the mes~sphere, utilizing both ground-based and satellite systems; (iv) Wavelength-resolved solar flux reaching and thermal radiation leaving, the Earth's atmoasphere, utilizing satellite measurements; (v) Wavelength-resolved solar flux reaching the Earth's surface in the ultra-violet range having biological effects (UV-B); (vi) Aerosol properties and distribution from the ground to the mes­ osphere, utilizing ground-based, airborne and satellite systems; (vii) Climatically important variables by the maintenance of pro­ grammes of high-quality meteorological surface measurements; (viii) Trace species, temperatures, solar flux and aerosols utilizing improved methods for analysing global data. 3. The Parties to the Convention shall co-operate, taking into ac­ count the particular needs of the developing countries, in promoting the appropriate scientific and technical training required to partici­ pate in the research and systematic observations outlined in this annex. Particular emphasis should be given to the intercalibration of observational instrumentation and methods with a view to generating comparable or standardized scientific data sets. 4. The following chemical substances of natural and anthropogenic origin, not listed in order of priority, are thought to have the potential to modify the chemical and physical properties of the ozone layer. (a) Carbon substances. (i) Carbon monoxide (CO). Carbon monoxide has significant natural and anthropogenic sources, and is thought to play a major direct role in tropospheric photochemistry, and an indirect role in stratospheric photochemistry. (ii) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Carbon dioxide has significant natural and anthropogenic sources, and effects stratospheric ozone by influencing the thermal structure of the atmosphere. (iii) Methane (CH4) Methane has both natural and anthropogenic sources, and effects both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. (iv) Non-methane hydrocarbon species Non-methane hydrocarbon species, which consist of a large num­ ber of chemical substances, have both natural and anthropogenic sources, and play a direct role in tropospheric photochemistry and an indirect role in stratospheric photochemistry . (b) Nitrogen substances. (i) Nitrous oxide (N2O) The dominant sources of N2O are natural, but anthropogenic con­ tributions are becoming increasingly important. Nitrous oxide is the primary source of stratospheric NO , which play a vital role in control­ ling the abundance of stratospheric ozone. (ii) Nitrogen oxides (NO ) Ground-level sources of NO, play major direct role only in tropo­ sphere photochemical processes and an indirect role in stratosphere photochemistry, whereas injection of NO, close to the tropopause may lead directly to a change in upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. (c) Chlorine substances (i) Fully halogenated alkanes, e.g. CClf CFCla. (CFC-11), CF2Cl2 (CFC-12), Cl3Cl3 (CFC-113), C2FP2 1CFC-l 14) Fully halogenated alkanes are anthropogenic and act 11.!1 a source of CIO, which plays a vital role in ozone photochemistry, especially in the 30-50 km altitude region. (ii) Partially halogenated alkanes, e.g. CH3CI, CHF2CI (CFC-22), CH CCl 3 , CHFCl 2 (CFC-21) 1he sources of CH 3 CI are natural, whereas the other partially halogenated alkanes mentioned above are anthropogenic in origin. 3726 ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO} 11 wse gases also act as a source of stratospheric CIO, (d) Bromine substances Fully halogenated alkanes, e.g. CF3Br These gases are anthropogenic and act as a source of BrO,, which behaves in an manner similar to CIO, (e) Hydrogen substances. (i) Hydrogen (H2) Hydrogen, the source of which is natural and anthropogenic, plays a minor role in stratospheric photochemistry. (ii) Water (H 2 0) Water, the source of which is natural, plays a vital role in both tropospheric and stratospheric photochemistry. Local sources of wa­ ter vapour in the stratosphere include the oxidation of methane and, to a lesser extent, of hydrogen. Annex II INFORMATION EXCHANGE 1. The Parties to the Convention recognize that the collection and sharing of information is an important means of implementing the ob­ jectives of this Convention and of assuring that any actions that may be taken are appropriate and equitable. Therefore, Parties shall ex­ change scientific, technical, socio-economic, business, commercial and legal information. 2. The Parties to the Convention, in deciding what information is to be collected and exchanged, should take into account the usefulness of the information and the costs of obtaining it. The Parties further recognize that co-operation under this annex has to be consistent with national laws, regulations and practices regarding patents, trade se­ crets, and protection of confidential and proprietary information. 3. Scientific information This includes information on: (a) Planned and ongoin~ research, both governmental and private, to facilitate the co-ordination of research programmes so as to make the most effective use of available national and international re­ sources; (b) The emission data needed for research; (c) Scientific results published in peer-reviewed literature on the understanding of the physics and chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and of its susceptibility to change, in particular on the state of the ozone layer and effects on human health, environment and climate which would result from changes on all time-scales in either the total column content or the vertical distribution of ozone; (d) The assessment of research results and the recomendations for future research. 4. Technical information This includes information on: (a) Thi' availability and cost of chemical substitutes and of alterna­ tive technologies to reduce the emissions of ozone-modifying sub­ stances and related planned and ongoing research; (b) The limitations and any risks involved in using chemical or other substitutes and alternative technologies. 5. Socio-economic and commercial information on the substances referred to in annex I. This includes information on: (a) Production and production capacity; (b) llse and use patterns; (c) Imports/exports; . (d) The co sts, risks and benefits of human activities which may in­ <~1rec-tly modify th e ozone layt'r and of the impacts of regulatory ac­ tions taken or bemg considered to control these activities. 6. Legal information This indudes information on: (a) National laws. administrative measures and legal research rele­ vant to the protection of the ozone layer; (b) International agreements. including bilateral agreements, rele­ vant lo the prote<>tion of the ozone layer; (c') Methods and term~ of licensing and availability of patents rele­ ' ant lo the prolt"Ctlon of the ozone layer. MO!'ffREAL PROTOCOL 0~ SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER Tlw Parties to this Protocol, Heing Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the O,one layer, Mindful of their obligation under that Convention to take appropri­ ate measures to protect human health and the environment against adverse effects resulting or likely to result from human activities which modify or are likely to modify the ozone layer, Recognizing that world-wide emissions of certain substances can significantly deplete and otherwise modify the ozone layer in a man­ ner that is likely to result in adverse effects on human health and the environment, Conscious of the potential climatic effects of emissions of these substances, A ware that measures taken to protect the ozone layer from deple­ tion should be based on relevant scientific knowledge, taking into ac­ count technical and economic considerations, Determined to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control equitably total global emissions of substances that deplete it, with the ultimate objective of their elimination on the basis of developments in scientific knowledge, taking into account technical and economic considerations, Acknowledging that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries for these substances, Noting the precautionary measures for controlling emissions of certain chlorofluorocarbons that have already been taken at national and regional levels, Considering the importance of promoting international co­ operation in the research and development of science and technology relating to the control and reduction of emissions of substances that deplete the ozone layer, bearing in mind in particular the needs of de­ veloping countries, HA VE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Protocol: 1. "Convention" means the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adopted on 22 March 1985. 2. "Parties" means, unless the text otherwise indicates, Parties to this Protocol. 3. "Secretariat" means the secretariat of the Convention. 4. "Controlled substance" means a substance listed in Annex A to this Protocol, whether existing alone or in a mixture. It excludes, how­ ever, any such substance or mixture which is in a manufactured prod­ uct other than a container used for the transportation or storage of the substance listed. 5. "Production" means the amount of controlled substances pro­ duced minus the amount destroyed by technologies to be approved by the Parties. 6. "Consumption" means production plus imports minus exports of controlled substances. 7. "Calculated levels" of production, imports, exports and con­ sumption means levels determined in accordance with Article 3. 8. "Industrial rationalization" means the transfer of all or a portion of the calculated level of production of one Party to another, for !h~ purpose of achieving economic efficiencies or responding to anuci­ pated shortfalls in supply as a result of plant closures. ARTICLE 2 CONTROL MEASURES 1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period com­ mencing on the first day of the seventh month following the date of~e entry into force of this Protocol, and in each twelve-month penod thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled su~ stances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed its calculated level 0 consumption in 1986. 8y the end of the same period, each Party pro­ ducing one or more of these substances shall ensure that its calcu­ lated level of production of the substances does not exceed its cal~u­ lated level of production in 1986, except that such level may have in­ creased by no more than ten per cent based on the 1986 level. Su~h increase shall be permitted only so as to satisfy the basic dome5ll~ needs of the Parties operating under Article 5 and for the purposes 0 industrial rationalization between Parties. 2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period com­ mencing on the first day of the thirty-seventh month following the dah' ECDHMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEOI (TEYXOI nPOTO) 3727 , ,r the entry into force of this Protocol, and in each twelve month pe­ riod thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances listed in Group II of Annex A does not exceed its calcu­ lated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one or more of these substances shall ensure that its calculated level of pro­ duction of the sulstances does not exceed its calculated level of pro­ duction of the substances shall ensure that its calculated level of pro­ duction in 1986, except that such level may have increased by no more than ten per cent based on the 1986 level. Such increase shall be permitted only so as to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Par­ ties operating under Article 5 and for the purposes of industrial ra­ tionalization between Parties. The mechanisms for implementing these measures shall be decided by the Parties at their first meeting following the first scientific review. 3. Each Party shall ensure that for the period 1 July 1993 to 30 June 1994 and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed, annually, eighty per cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one or more of these substances shall, for the same periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the substances does not exceed, annually, eighty per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under Arti­ cle 5 and for the purposes of industrial rationalization between Par­ ties, its calculated level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986. 4. Each Party shall ensure that for the period l July 1998 to 30 June 1999, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed, annually, fifty per cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one or more of these substances shall, for the same periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the substances does not exceed, annually, fifty per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under Arti­ cle 5 and for the purposes of industrial rationalization between Par­ ties, its calculated level of production may exceed that limit by up to fifteen per cent of its calculated level of production in 1986. This par­ agraph will apply unless the Parties decide otherwise at a meeting by a two-thirds majority of Parties present and voting, representing at least two-thirds of the total calculated level of consumption of these substances of the Parties. This decision shall be considered and made in the light of the assessments referred to in Article 6. 5. Any Party whose calculated level of production in 1986 of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A was less than twenty-five kilotonnes may, for the purposes of industrial rationalization, transfer to or receive from any other Party, production in excess of the limits set out in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 provided that the total combined cal­ culated levels of production of the Parties concerned does not exceed the production limits set out in this Article. Any transfer of such pro­ duction shall be notified to the secretariat, no later than the time of the transfer. 6. Any Party not operating under Article 5, that has facilities for the production of controlled substances under construction, or con­ tracted for, prior to 16 September 1987, and provided for in national legislation prior to 1 January 1987, may add the production from such facilities to its 1986 production of such substances for the pur­ ~ses of determining its calculated level of production for 1986, pro­ vided that such facilities are completed by 31 December 1990 and that such production does not raise that Party's annual calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances above 0.5 kilo­ grams per capita. . 7 • Any transfer of production pursuant to paragraph 5 or any addi­ llon of production pursuant to paragraph 6 shall be notified to the sec­ retariat, no later than the time of the transfer or addition. 8. (a) Any Parties which are Members States of a regional eco­ nomic integration organization as defined in Article 1 (6) of the Con­ vention may agree that they shall jointly fulfil their obligations re­ si:iecting consumption under this Article provided that their total com­ bi~ed calculated level of consumption does not exceed the levels re­ qmred by this Article. (b) The Parties to any such agreement shall inform the secretariat of the terms of the agreement before the date of the reduction in con­ sumption with which the agreement is concerned. (c) Such agreement will become operative only if all Member States of the regional economic integration organization and the or­ ganization concerned are Parties to the Protocol and have notified the secretariat of their manner of implementation. 9. (a) Based on the assessments made pursuant to Article 6, the Parties may decide whether: (i) Adjustments to the ozone depleting potentials specified in Annex A should be made and, if so, what the adjustments should be: and (ii) Further adjustments and reductions of production or consump­ tion of the controlled substances from 1986 levels should be under­ taken and, if so, what the scope, amount and timing of any such ad­ justments and reductions should be; (b) Proposals for such adjustments shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting of the Parties at which they are proposed for acloption; (c) In taking such decisions, the Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, such decisions shall, as a last resort, be adopted by a two - thirds majority vote of the Parties pre­ sent and voting representing at least fifty per cent of the total con­ sumption of the controlled substances of the Parties; (d) The decisions, which shall be binding on all Parties, shall forth­ with be communicated to the Parties by the Depositary. Unless other­ wise provided in the decisions, they shall enter into force on the expiry of six months from the date of the circulation of the communi­ cation by the Depositary. 10. ( a) Based on the assessments made pursuant to Article 6 of this Protocol and in accordance with the procedure st>I out in Articlt> 9 of the Convention, the Parties may decide: (i) Whether any substances, and if so which, should be addt>d to or removed from any annex to this Protocol; and (ii) The mechanism, scope and timing of the control mrasurn; that should apply lo those substances; (b) Any such decision shall become effective, provided that it has been accepted by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parties present and voting. 11. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this Articlf', Par­ ties may take more stringent measures than those requirt>d by this Ar­ ticle. ARTICLE 3: CALCULATION OF CONTROL LEVELS For the purposes of Articles 2 and 5, each Party shall, for each Group of substances in Annex A, determine its calculatPd levels of: (a) Production by: (i) Multiplying its annual production of each controlled substance by the ozone depleting potential specified in respt>ct of it in Annex A; and (ii) Adding together, for each such Group, the resulting figures; (b) Imports and exports, respectively, by following, mutatis mutandis, the procedure set out in subparagraph (a); and (c) Consumption by adding together its calculated levels of produc­ tion and imports and subtracting its calculated level of exports as de­ termined in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and (b).However, be­ ginning on 1 January 1993, any export of controlled substances to non-Parties shall not be subtracted in calculating the consumption level of the exporting Party. ARTICLE 4: CONTROL OF TRADE WITH NON-PARTIES l. Within one year of the entry into force of this Protocol, each Party shall ban the import of controlled substances from any State not party to this Protocol. . 2. Beginning on l January 1993, no Party operating under para­ graph I of Article 5 may export any controlled substances to any State not party to this Protocol. 3. Within three years of the date of the entry into force of this Pro­ tocol, the Parties shall, following the procedures in Article l O of the Convention elaborate in an annex a list of products containing con­ trolled sub;tances. Parties that have not objected to the annex in ac­ cordance with those procedures shall ban, within one year of the annex having become effective, the import of those products from any State not party to this Protocol. 4. Within five years of the entry into force of this Prot~ol , the Par­ ties shall determine the feasibility of banning or restnctmg. from 3728 ECl>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEVXOI nPQTO) States not party to this Protocol, the import of products produced with, but not containing, controlled substances. If determined feasi­ ble, the Parties shall, following the procedures in Article 10 of the Convention, elaborate in an annex a list of such products. Parties that have not objected to it in accordance with those procedures shall ban or restrict, within one year of the annex having become effective, the import of those products from any State not party to this Protocol. 5. Each Party shall discourage the export, to any State not party to this Protocol, of technology for producing and for utilizing controlled substances. 6. Each Party shall refrain from providing new subsidies, aid, cred­ its, guarantees or insurance programmes for the export to States not party to this Protocol of products, equipment, plants or technology that would facilitate the production of controlled substances. 7. Paragraphs 5 and 6 shall not apply to products, equipment, plants or technology that improve the containment, recovery, recy­ cling or destruction of controlled substances, promote the develop­ ment of alternative substances, or otherwise contribute to the reduc­ tion of emissions of controlled substances. 8. Nothwithstanding the provisions of this Article, imports referred to in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 may be permitted from any State not party to this Protocol if that State is determined, by a meeting of the Parties, to be in full compliance with Article 2 and this Article, and has sub­ mitted data to that effect as specified in Article 7. ARTICLE 5: SPECIAL SITUATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1. Any Party that i a developing country and whose annual calcu­ lated level of consumption of the controlled substances is less than 0.3 kilograms per capita on the date of the entry into force of the Pro­ tocol for it, or any time thereafter within ten years of the date of entry into force of the Protocol shall, in order to meet its basic domestic needs, be entitled to delay its compliance with the control measures set out in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Article 2 by ten years after that speci­ fied in those paragraphs. However, such Party shall not exceed an an­ nual calculated level of consumption of 0.3 kilograms per capita. Any such Party shall be entitled to use either the average of its annual cal­ culated level of consumption for the period 1995 to 1997 inclusive or a calculated level of consumption of 0.3 kilograms per capita, which­ ever is the lower, as the basis for its compliance with the control meas­ ures. 2. The Parties undertake to facilitate access to environmentally safe alternative substances and technology for Parties that are devel­ oping countries and assist them to make expeditious use of such alter­ natives. 3. The Parties undertake to facilitate bilaterally or multilaterally the provision of subsidies, aid, credits, guarantees or insurance pro­ grammes to Parties that are developing countries for the use of alter­ native technology and for substitute products. ARTICLE 6: ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW OF CONTROL MEASURES B~ginning in 1990 and at least every four years thereabter, the Partte shall assess the control measures provided for in Article 2 on the basis of available scientific, environmental, technical and eco­ nomic information. At least one year before each assessment the Parties sha!l convene appro~riate panels of experts qualified i~ the fields menlloned and determine the composition and terms of refer­ ence ~f any such ~anels. Wi!hin one year of being convened, the pan­ <':ls will report their conclusions, through the secretariat, to the Par­ ltes. ARTICLE 7: REPORTING OF DATA 1. Eac~ party shall provide to the secretariat, within three months ofbecommg a Party, statistical data on its production, imports and ex­ ports of each of the controlled substances for the year 1986 or the best possible estimates of such data where actual data are no; availa­ ble. 2. Each party shall provide statistical data to the secretariat on its annu~I production (with separate data on amounts destroyed by tech­ ~ologtes to be app roved by the Parties), imports, and exports to Par­ ties and non-Parties, respectively, of such substances for the year during which it becomes a Party and for each year thereafter. It shall forward the data no later than nine months after the end of the year to which the data relate. ARTICLE 8: NON - COMPLIANCE The Parties, at their first meeting, shall consider and approve pro­ cedures and institutional mechanisms for determining non­ compliance with the provisions of this Protocol and for treatment of Parties found to be in non-compliance. ARTICLE 9: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 1. The Parties shall co-operate, consistent with their national laws, regulations and practices and taking into account in particular the needs of developing countries, in promoting, directly or through com­ petent international bodies, research, development and exchange of information on: (a) Best technologies for improving the containment, recovery, re­ cycling or destruction of controlled substances or otherwise reducing their emissions; (b) Possible alternatives to controlled substances, to products con­ taining such substances, and to products manufactured with them; and (c) Costs and benefits of relevant control strategies. 2. The Parties, individually, jointly or through competent interna­ tional bodies, shall co-operate in promoting public awareness of the environmental effects of the emissions of controlled substances and other substances that deplete the ozone layer. 3. Within two years of the entry into force of this Protocol and every two years thereafter, each Party shall submit to the secretariat a summary of the activities it has conducted pursuant to this Article. ARTICLE 10: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 1. The Parties shall in the context of the provisions of Article 4 of the Convention, and taking into account in particular the needs of de­ veloping countries, co-operate in promoting technical assistance to facilitate participation in and implementation of this Protocol. 2. Any Party or Signatory to this Protocol may submit a request to the secretariat for technical assistance for the purposes of implement­ ing or participating in the Protocol. 3. The parties, at their first meeting, shall begin deliberations on the means of fulfilling the obligations set out in Article 9, and para­ graphs 1 and 2 of this Article, including the preparation of workplans. Such workplans shall pay special attention to the needs and circum­ stances of the developing countries. States and regional economic in­ tegration organizations not party to the Protocol should be encour­ aged to participate in activities specified in such workplans. ARTICLE 11: MEETINGS OF THE PARTIES 1. The Parties shall hold meetings at regular intervals. The secre­ tariat shall convene the first meeting of the Parties not later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol and in con­ junction with a meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Con­ vention, if a meeting of the latter is scheduled within that period. 2. Subsequent ordinary meetings of the parties shall be held, un­ less the parties otherwise decide, in conjunction with meetings of the Conference of the parties to the Convention. Extraordinary meetings of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may be deemed nec­ essary by a meeting of the Parties, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of such a request being com­ municated to them by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. 3. The Parties, at their first meeting, shall: (a) Adopt by consensus rules of procedure for their meetings; (b) Adopt by consensus the financial rules referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 13; ( c) Establish the panels and determine the terms of reference re­ ferred to in Article 6; (d) Consider and approve the procedures and institutional mecha­ nisms specified in Article 8; and ( e) Begin preparation of workplans pursuant to paragraph 3 of Ar ticle 10. 4. The functions of the meetings of the Parties shall be to: (a) Review the implementation of this Protocol; (b) Decide on any adjustments or reductions referred to in para­ graph 9 of Article 2; <I>EK 253 E<l>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPQTO) 3729 (d Decide on any addition to, insertion in or removal from any annPx of substances and on related control measures in accordance with paragraph 10 of Article 2; (d) Establish, where necessary, guidelines or procedures for re­ porting of information as provided for in Article 7 and paragraph 3 of Article 9: (e) Review requests for technical assistance submitted pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 1 O; (D Review reports prepared by the secretariat pursuant to subpara­ graph (c) of Article 12; (g) Assess, in accordance with Article 6, the control measures pro­ vided for in Article 2; (h) Consider and adopt, as required, proposals for amendment of this Protocol or any annex and for any new annex; (i) Consider and adopt, the budget for implementing this Protocol; (j) Consider and undertake any additional action that may be re­ quired for the achievement of the putposes of this Protocol. 5. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the Interna­ tional Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State not party to this Protocol, may be represented at meetings of the Parties as observers. Any body or agency whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, qualified in fields relating to the protection of the ozone layer which has informed the secratariat of its wish to be represented at a meeting of the Parties as an observer may be admit­ ted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admis­ sion and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of pro­ cedure adopted by the Parties. ARTICLE 12: SECRETARIAT For the purposes of this Protocol, the secretariat shall: (a) Arrange for and service meetings of the Parties as provided for in Article 11; (b) Receive and make available, upon request by a Party, data pro­ vided pursuant to Article 7; (c) Prepare and distrubute regularly to the Parties reports based on information received pursuant to Articles 7 and 9; (d) Notify the Parties of any request for technical assistance re­ ceiled pursuant to Artice 10 so as to facilitate the provision of such assistance; (e) Encourage non-Parties to attend the meetings of the Parties as observers and to act in accordance with the provisions of this Proto­ col; (D Provide, as appropriate, the information and requests referred to in subparagraphs (c) and (d) to such non-party observers; and (g) Perform such other functions for the achievement of the pur­ poses of this Protocol as may be assigned to it by the Parties. ARTICLE 13: FINANCIAL PROVISIONS 1. The funds required for the operation of this Protocol, including those for the functioning of the secretariat related to this Protocol, shall be charged exclusively against contributions from the Parties. 2 •. The Parties, at their first meeting, shall adopt by consensus fi­ nancial rules for the operation of this Protocol. ARTICLE 14: RELATIONSHIP OF THIS PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION Except as otherwise provided in this Protocol, the provisions of the Convention relating to its protocols shall apply to this Protocol. ARTICLE 15: SIGNATURE This Protocol shall be open for signature by States and by regional economic integration organizations in Montreal on 16 September 1987, in Ottawa from 1 7 September 198 7 to 16 January 1988, and at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 1 7 January 1988 to 15 September 1988. • ARTICLE 16: ENTRY INTO FORCE . 1. This Protocol shall enter into force on l January 1989, pro­ vided that at least eleven instruments of ratification, acceptance, ap­ p, oi al of the Protocol or accession thereto have been deposited by States or regional economic integration organizations representing at least two-thirds of 1986 estimated global consumption of the con­ trolled substances, and the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 1 7 of the Convention have been fulfilled. In the event that these conditions have not been fulfilled by that date, the Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date on which the conditions have been fulfilled. 2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, any such instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of such organiza­ tion. 3. After the entry into force of this Protocol, any State or regional economic integration organization shall become a Party to it on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratifica­ tion, acceptance, approval or accesion. ARTICLE 17: PARTIES JOINING AFTER ENTRY INTO FORCE Subject to Article 5, any State or regional economic integration or­ ganization which becomes a Party to this Protocol after the date of its entry into force, shall fulfil forthwith the sum of the obligations under Article 2, as well as under Article 4, that apply at that date to the States and regional economic integration organizations that became Parties on the date the Protocol entered into force. ARTICLE 18: RESERVATION No reservations may be made to this Protocol. ARTICLE 19: WITHDRAWAL For the purposes of this Protocol, the provisions of Article 19 of the Convention relating to withdrawal shall apply, except with respect to Parties referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 5. Any such Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary at any time after four years of assuming the obligations specified in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Article 2. Any such withdraw! shall take effect upon expiry of one year after the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notifica­ tion of the withdrawal. ARTICLE 20: AUTHENTIC TEXTS The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, Eng­ lish, French, Russian and Spanish texts· are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF THE UNDERSIGNED, BEING DULY AUTHORIZED TO THAT EFFECT, HAVE SIGNED THIS PRO­ TOCOL. DONE AT MONTREAL THIS SIXTEENTH DAY OF SEPTEM­ BER, ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY SEVEN. Group Annexl CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Substance (CFC-11) (CFC-12) "(CFC-113) (CFC-114) (CFC-115) (halon-1211) (hallon-130 l) (hallon-2402) Ozone Depleting Potentiar 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.6 3.0 10.0 (to be determined) • These ozone depleting potentials are estimates based on existing knowl­ edge and will be reviewed and revised periodically. 3730 E<l>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXO~I~nc.:....P=Q:...c.T...::::O.L..) ----------"~~ HMBA1H THt BIENNHt rIA THN IlPOtT ~IA THt tTOIBAAAt TOY OZONTOt Tot Lt>1Lf3cxlloµ,11a MipTJ IXUtTj<; tTj<; Luµf3~0TJc;: , 1wu6TjtoltOLW\ltotc; tTj\l a116axoµt111X f3Aotf3tp~ EltllttWOTJ. 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Kix8, LUfL~IXMO(-l!IIO Mipoc;, to 01t0t0 !tlllltl IXYot1t'tUOOO(-lf!IIT) x.wpllt X~t -cou 01toiou tot E'tTjOtot u1toAOjt~O(-lEll0t t1ti1ta601 XottlXYIXAWOTJ<; aE EA&"'(­ X0 f-l;VEc; ouai,c; ,ivott ;(lltfLT)Aonpot ot7tO 0,3 XtAtoypotfL(-lllt Xllt'tot xt<p<XA11, X!Xt~ 'tT)II T)fL!pOfLT)IILOI i1101p~c; 'tTj<; 1axuoc; 'tOU 1totpOll'tO<; IlpwtOXOAAO\I 11 Xlltt.llt 01toto6111ton x.povo O'tot t7tOfL&Vllt 6ixa x.povtot a1to 'tTJII ivlltp;TJ 'tTj<; taxuoc; 'tOU Ilpw-coxoUou, "'(tOI 1101 X<XAucji&t 'tt<; ~Otatxic; 'tOU Ert..WptEc; 011/CX­ rx ec;, 6tXOllOU'tott Vilt x018\IQ'ttp11au 'tTJ OUfL!J-Opq>WOTj 'tOU 1-l' tot (-lE'tpot EAt.rxou 1tOU opi~Oll'tlltt a-ctc; 1t<lpot"'(pot<pouc; 1 XOlt 4 'tOU iip8pou 2 '(LOI 6ixot XP0~tllt 1ttpllt llt1tO ttc; 1tpo8Ea(-ltEc; 1tou 1tpo~Ai1toll'tlltt a,tc; 1totp011pdtcpouc; IXU'tE<;. na-coao, lltU'tCX 't(l Luµ~illoµ,vot MipTj 6Ev 1tpi1t!l \lot U1tEp~ou11 "CO ''tT)~to U1tOAO"'(t~oµ..110 11ti1tt6o xot,IXYIXAWOTJ<; ,wv 0,3 x.v.tojpCX(-l(-lWII xa,ix lmp<XA71. Kcx9, Luµ~IXMOfLEl/0 Mipoc;, 1t0U Etl/Olt lltllot7t'tU000fLEIIT) xwp01, 6txottoU't<ll Vilt XPTJOL!J-07t0t!i ,in to fLIOO opo 'tOU n11atov U7tOAO"'(t­ ~OfLEIIOU Em1ti6ou Xot'tOlll«AWOTjc; 'tOU '(lot 'tTJ Xf)OlltX11 1tapio60 1955 we; xat 1997 Ein ivot 111tOAO"'(t~O(-l!IIO £1ti1t,60 Xot't<lY«AWOTJ<; twv 0,3 x v.w­ ypot(-l(-lWII Xllt'tat XE<p<XA11, 01toto6711ton ,i1101t Xlltf-lTJAOnpo, 00111 ~OtOTJ 1tllt 'tTJ OUfLfLOp<pWOfj tou µ, tot (-litpot 11.irx.ou. 2. Tot :Eu~IXMOfLEllllt MipT) otV<XAotµ~dtvouv 1101 6t,ux0Au11ou11 tot LV(-l­ ~<lMo(-lEllot MipT), 1t0U &ii/Ott IXYOl1t'tUOQO(-lEII!<; x wp,c;, 1101 ,;01a<p<XAiaou11 1tEpt~<lAAOll'tlXIX OIO<p<XA&ic; Ell<lAAotX'ttX!c; ouai,c; XOlt U;(IIOAO"'(txi.c; yvw­ OEl<; xlltt touc; 1tpoacpipouv 'tTJ ~0718uix "tOuc;, wan vot xiivouv -cotxiia XPTJOTJ 'tWII &II AOjW lll<lAA<lX'tlXWY OUOIWII. 3. Tilt LU(-l~lltAAOµEvot Mi.pTJ 6t&UXOAUIIOUII 6tfL&pwc; 71 7COAU(-l'pwc; 'tT) X.OPTJ1'TJOTJ Q'tot LU(-l~<lAAO(-lEll<l MipT), 7t0U ,ivat lltllot7t'tUOOO(-l&ll&c; x wp,c;, uct60'tTjO!WII, llltaxua,wv, 1tLO'tWOEWII, l"'(jUT)'tlXWII 11 OIO<p<lAtatlXWII 1tpOjpot(-lfLIX'tWII jl<l 'tTJ XP"IOTJ !ll<lAAotX'tlXTJ<; U;(IIOAO"'(ia<; Xott U7tOXOl'tCX­ atOl'tWII 1tpOlOll'tWII. "Ap9po 6 EKTIMHLH KAI AIIOAOrILMO:E TON METPON EAErxor A1to "CO 1990 Xott ,cp,;T)c; xix9, -ci.aa,pllt 'tOUAOtXtatOII Xf)OIIICX 't(l LU(-l­ ~<lAAOfL!ll<l MipTJ 1tpo~ai11ou11 a, &X'ttfLTJOTJ -cw11 (-lhpwv &Airx.ou 1tou 1tpO~AE1tOll'tlltt ato cxp8po 2, ~exalt 'tWII 6t018iat(-lWll l1tLO'tTJfLOlllXWII, 7tlpt­ ~<lAAOll'ttXWII, U;(lllXWII XOlt OlXOIIO(-llXWII atotx ,iwv. 'E1101 x povo 'tOUACX· ;(lO'tOII 1tpt11 xcx9, £XtiµTj0Tj, tot LU~<XAAOfL&llot MipTJ auyxotAOUII OfLot6,c; !fL1t!tpO"'(IIW(-lOIIWII, u6tx!UfL!IIWII atouc; 1tpo011101cp1p8i11nc; 'tO(-l&ic; XOII XOI· 9opi~ouv 'tTJ au118£01j Xott "COi 7tAotiatOI ot7COO't0A1lc; 'tWII O(-lot6wv otU'tWII, Mi.a01 a, i1101 x.povo 011to 'tTJ auyXAT)OTj ,ouc;, ot O(-lii6,c; 011101<pipouv, µiaw 'tTjc; ypotfL(-l01tti01c;, tot 011touAia(-l0tt01 twv EfffOtatwv touc; atot LUfL~illo­ (-lEIIOI MipTJ. 'Ap8po 7 YIIOBOAH :ETOIXEION 1. T01 LUfL~<XAAO(-lEVot MipTJ u1to~ouv O'tT) ypot(-lfLOl'tliot, (-liaot a, tptt<; fL1111l<; 011t0 'tTJII T)fLEPOf-lT)lltot 1tpoaxwpT)01jc; 'tOU<; atO Ilpw,oxoUo, atot'ttO'ttXIX O'tOl;(Eiot 1tOU otcpopouv 'tTJII 1C0tp0t"'(W"'(TJ, nc; ltOOljW"'(l<; XOII ,;otywyic; xcx8E !AliX.0(-l!IIT)<; ouaiac; '(lot 'tO 1986, 11 ttc; XIXAUtapac; 6u1101 tic; EX'tt(-lTJO!tc;, a, 1ttpi1ttWOTj 1tou 6, 6t018itouv 1tpotyfL01ttxcx a,otx e:illt. 2. Tot LU(-l~IXMO(-llllot MipTJ U1tO~IXAAOUII O'tT) "'(pOl(-lfLOt't&iOI atllt'ttO'ttXIX a-cotx EiOI '(lilt 'tTJII E'tTjOtOt 1totpot"'(Wj'Tj -couc; ((-l! ;,x wptatdt Q'tOt;(&iOI ytcx ttc; 1tOOO'tTJ'tl<; 1t0U XOt'totOtpCXCj)T)XIXY (-LE U;(IILXE<; fL&9o6ou<; 7COU 801 l"'(Xpivo­ Y'tOlt cx1to tot LU~WO(-l&ll<l MipTJ), ttc; 1ta01ywyi.c; x01t 'ttc; ,~cxywyic; a, LU(-l~<XAAO(-l!IIOI Xott !lTJ :Euµ~illoµ,1101 MipTJ, lltll'tiatotXOI, IAli,(0(-llYWII ouatWY '(tot 'tO hoe;. O'tTJ 6tiipxu01 'tOU 01toiou 1tpoaxwp1jOlltll ato Ilpw-ro­ XOAAO XOlt '(IOI xcx8E x.povo l<p£~11c;. ~tOl~t~CX~OUII 'tilt Q'tOt;(&i01, 'tO lltp"'(O'ttpo µia01 a, 1wi01 fLTJV!<; 011to to -riAoc; -cou itouc; a-ro 01toio 01110t<pipoll't0tt tOI Q'tOl;(!LOI. "Ap9po 8 MH THPH:EH TON MAT A.EEON T 01 :Eu~illoµ,1101 Mi.PTJ XOltOt 'tTJII 7tpW'tTJ touc; auvo6o ,;,tii~ouv XOII ,yxpivouv 'tTJ 6t016tx01ai01 XOlt -rouc; 9,aµtxouc; !lTJX<lYtaµouc; 1-l' touc; 01toiouc; x018opi~£'t(lt Xot'tlX 1t000 'tTJPOUV'tlltt Ot 6101tcx~&t<; 'tOU 7CotpOll'to<; IlpwtOXOAAOU XOlt T) atCXOTj 1t0U 8ot 1tpi1t&t 1/0t 'tT)pTJO&i iVOlll'tt 'tWII LU(-l­ ~illoµivwv M!pwv 7COU 6111 'tTJPOUII ttc; 6t01tot;!lc; 'tOU Ilpw-roxoA­ AOU. 'Ap9po 9 EPEYNA, ANAIIIT'.::H, ENHMEPO:EH TOY KOINOY KAI ANT AAAAfH IIAHPO<l>OPION 1. Tilt :Eu~illoµ,vot MipT) 801 au11,py01a80~ OUµq>WVOt 1-l' ttc; 6t<Xt0t• ;,tc; 'tOU ,awnptxou touc; 6tx01iou, XIXYOl/taµouc; Xott 1tp01xttxl~. Ol<pOU ACX­ ~OUII 161otinpot U1COo/'J ttc; 0111cxyx,c; 'tWII IXYOl7C'tUQOO(-l!IIWII xwpwv, "'(t<l tT)II 1tpow8Tj01j, cxµ,a01 11 µiaw otpfLOOtWII 6t&8vwv OP"'(IXYtaµWY, tT)<; ip,wac;, 'tTJc; 1XYcx1t-ru~11c; xlltt lltll'tlXAAOlj'Tjc; 1tATJp0<p0ptw11 1tou 01<p0pouv: 01) 'tT)V x<XAunpTJ 6u11ot'tTj nxvoAoyi01 yt01 tT) ~,). tiWOTj -rwv 5wottO'tTj­ twv 1ttpt0pta(-lOU, IXYCXX'tT)OTJ<;, IXYotXUXAWOTJ<; 11 Xot'tOIOtpo<pTJ<; 'tWII wr­ XOf-l'IIWII ouatwv 11 ytot 'tTJ (-l'tWOTJ µ, IXAAO -rp01to twv !X7tO(-l7tWY tou~, ~) ttc; m91XYic; ,villotxttxic; Aua,tc; "'(t<l EAIY.(OfL!III<; ouaitc;, '(LOI 1tpo­ LOll'tOI 7tOU 7t!pti;(OUII t!'tOtl<; ouaiac; XOlt '(LOI 7CflOLOll'tOI 7tOU 7tOlpotOX!UCX~O­ ll'tott fL! thottc; ouaiac;, XOtt r) 6ot1tcxva<; XOlt o<piAT) tWII O;(ltlXWII Otpot'tTjjtXWII ,llrx.ou. 2. Tot LU~O(-l!IIOI MipT) !l'fLOVW!J-'1101, Ot7t0 XOtllOU 11 µiaw apfLO 3738 ECJ>HMEPII THI KYBEPNHIEQI (TEYXOI nPOTO) OtW\I OtE8vwv opycxvtaµwv, 8cx OU\IEP'YCXa8ouv ytcx Tf)\l 1tpow8110TJ Tf)<; E\IT)­ µipwOT)c; 'tOU Xot\lOU oX,E'ttXot fLE 'tL<; OU\IE7tEtEc; 7t0U ixouv O'tO 7tEpt(3dtllov OL EX1toµ1tic; 'tW\I EAErxoµE\IW\I Xott dtllwv OUOtW\I, Ot 07t0LE<; xcx,aa,pi­ tpOU\I 'tTJ O'tot(3ot6ot 'tOU 0,0\l'tO<;. 3. Miaa OE 6uo XflO\lt(X CX7t0 'tT)\I ivcxp;T) Tf)<; tax,uoc; 'tOU 7totpO\l'tOc; TTpw,oxoUou XCXt xdt8E 6uo XflO\lt(X EtpE;Tjc;, xdt8E :Euµ(3cxUoµE\IO Mipoc; u1to(3dtllu O'tTJ ypcxµµomia µtcx auvo1t,tXT) ix8EOTJ ,wv 6paa,T)pto'tT)'tW\I 'tOU OUfLlj)W\ICX fLE 'tO 7totpov otp8po. 'Ap8po 10 TEXNIKH :EYNAPOMH 1. Ta :Euµ(3cxUoµiva MipTJ, a,a 1tAaiatcx ,wv Otot,~Ewv ,ou dtp9pou 4 Tf)<; :Euv811x11c;, ).cxµ(3dtvov,a<; t6tcxinpa u1to<j>11 ,tc; cxvdtyx,c; ,wv CX\lot 1t,uaaoµ,vwv xwpwv, 8a OU\IEPTota8ouv, OTf)\I 1tpow8110TJ 'tEXVLXT)<; OU\l­ opoµ11c; rux "I OtEUXOAU\IOTj 'tTJ<; auµµnox11c; Kpot'tW\I O'tO TTpw,oxoUo, 01twc; E7tLOTJ<; X(Xt O'tT)\I Etpotpµon 'tOU TTpw,oxoUou. 2. Kot8E :Euµ(3cxUoµE\IO ii Y1toypdtipov Mipoc; 'tOU 1tcxpov,oc; TTpw,o­ xoUou µ1topEi \lot U1to(3citAEt CXL'tTJOTJ O'tTJ ypcxµµcxnia, ytcx 7totpoxri nxvt­ XT)<; auv6poµ11c; 7tOU CX7tOOX07tEL O'tT)\I Eipcxpµon 'tOU Ilpw,oxoUou T) O'tTJ auµµE,OXT) a' CXU'tO. 3. Tex :Euµ(3cxUoµE\l(X MiPTJ, XCX'tot Tf)\I 1tpW'tT) ,ouc; OU\1000, 8cx apxi­ OOU\I vex Acxµ(3dtvouv a1toipdtae.tc; yta ,ouc; ,po1touc; µE ,ouc; 01toiouc; 8a Ex 7tATJpw8ouv ot u7tOXflEWOEL<; 1tou a1toppiow a1to ,o dtp8po 9 xcxt ,tc; 1tapa­ TPottpouc; 1 xat 2 ,ou i6tou dtp8pou, 1tEpLAcxµ(3CX\loµiv11c; Tf)<; 1tpoE,otµa­ aicxc; ax E6iwv ,pyaaiac;. Au,dt 'tot ax,i6tcx Epraaiac; 8cx 6ioouv EtOLXT) iµtpotOTj O'tTJ 8i01j X(Xt O'ttc; CX\lotTXE<; 'tW\I CX\l(X7t'tUaaoµE\IW\I xwpwv. T (X Kpot'tT) Xott Ot opyCX\ltaµoi 7tE­ ptipEpEtCXXT)<; OtXO\IOfLLXT)<; OAOXAT)pWOT)<;, 7t0U 0E\I EL\lott :Euµ(3cxUoµEva MipTJ 'tOU 1tcxpov't0c; TTpw,oxoUou, 8a 1tpi1tEL \lot E\18otppuvov,cxt \lot auµ­ µt,iX,OU\I a,tc; opotOTf)ptOTf)'tE<; 7t0U 1tpo(3Ai1tOU\I 't(X 1tpoot\lCXtpEp8iv,a ax,i­ OtCX e.pycxaia<;. 'Ap8po 11 :EYNOAOI TON :EYMBAAAOMENQN MEPQN 1. Tex :Euµ(3cxUoµtvcx MipT) OU\IEPXO\l't(Xt OE 'tCXX'tot OLotO'tTjµcx,a. H ypaµµanicx 8a auyxaAiae.t 'tTJV 1tpWTf) auvo6o ,wv :Euµ(3cxUoµi­ vwv Me.pwv, 'tO apyonpo OE iva Xfl0\10 CX7t0 Tf)\I ivap~ Tf)c; tax,uoc; 'tOU 7totpov't0c; Ilpw,oxoUou, OE auv6ucxaµo µt 'tTJ OU\IE0piot0Tj Tf)<; :EuvOLdt­ axE<j>Tjc; ,wv :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv Me.pwv Tf)<; :Ew8Tjx11c;, CX\I TJ auvEopiaOTJ Tf)<; u).e.u,aiac; ixu 1tpoypaµµcx·nani vex yivEt µiacx a' au,o ,o 6tdt0Tf)µcx. 2. Ot e.1toµtvtc; 'tCXX'ttxic; OU\IOOOt 'tW\I :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv Me.pwv yivo­ \l't(Xt OE auv6ucxaµo µe. 'tTJ :Euvouxaxe.<1>11 'tW\I :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv MEpwv Tf)c; :Euv811x11c;, Ex,oc; av ,ex :Euµ(3aUoµEvcx µipTJ a1toipcxaiaouv otaipopmxdt. 'Ex,axnc; auvo6ot ,wv :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv MEpwv 9a auyxaAou\l'tott 01ton au,o xpivE,cxt cxvcxyxaio cx1to xdt1tma auvooo ,wv :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv ME­ pwv, T) uanpa CX7t0 ypot7t'tTj otL'tT)OTj E\10<; :Euµ(3cxUoµivou Mipouc;, U7t0 'tT)\I 1tpoii1to8E01j O'tt, E\l'tO<; i;11 µT)VW\I CX7t0 Tf)\I Xot\107t0LT)OTJ Tf)c; CXLTf)OTjc; a,ot u1t0Aomcx µipTJ µiaw Tf)<; TPotµµanicxc;, iXEt "I" u1toa'tTjpt;T) ,ou Evoc; ,phou ,ouAdtx.to,ov ,wv :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv M,pwv. 3. Tex :Euµ(3cxUoµ,vcx Mipri, XCX'tot Tf)\I 7tpWTf) ,ouc; ouvo6o: ~) 8a tyxpivouv µ, OU\lott\lEOTj 'tO\I Eownptxo XCX\10\ltoµo 'tW\I OU\IE0ptdt­ OEW\I ,ouc;, (3) 9a ETxpivow µ, auvaiVEOTj 'tL<; mxovoµtxic; Otcx,~uc;, 01twc; opi,E­ 'tott O'tO dtp9po 13 1tapdtypaipoc; 2, T) 8a ouyxpo'tTjaouv oµdt6,c; EfL1tupoyvwµovwv xott 8a xcx9opiaow ,ex 7tAotiatot Tf)c; a1too,OAT)<; wuc;, 01twc; opi,nott o,o dtp9po 6, 6) 8a e.;,,dtaouv xott 9a e.yxpivow 'tTJ 6tcx6txaaia xat ,ouc; 8,oµtxouc; fLTjXCX\ltaµouc; 7t0U 1tpo(3A£7t0\l't<Xt O'tO dtp9po 8, X<Xt £) 9a otPXiaow 'tTJ" xa,dtpttOT) ax,e.6iwv Epycxoicxc;, auµq>wva µ, , 0 dtp 8po 10 1tapdtypotipoc; 3. 4. OtAmoupyi,c; ,wv ouvoowv ,wv :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv M,pwv 9a ,ivott: ex) TJ ~(XOX07tTj<:'l Tf)<; E<p<Xpµonc; 'tOU 7t<Xpov,oc; TTpw'tOXOAAOU, (3) Tj ATJo/11 cx1toipao,wv yta ,ux.ov 1tpoaapµoyic; T) µEtWOEtc; 1tou <X\ICX(j)E· pov,ott o,o dtp9po 2 1tcxpdtypaipoc; 9, r} T) AT)o/~ cx~oipdta,~v ytcx ,v6e.xoµmc; 1tpoa811x,c;, 1tap,µ(3o)..ic; T) (X~<XtpEOT) CX7t0 Xot~E 7totpotp'tT)µ<X OUO!W\I Xott oX,E'tLXW\I µhpwv EAirxou, auµipwvot µ, ,o cxp8po 2 1totpdtypotipoc; 10, . 6) TJ X<XP~TJ, o~ou EL\l<Xt ot7totpoti'tT)'tO, xcxuu9w'tTjptW\I ypotµµwv 11 1I 8t07tLOTJ 6tot0tXCXOtW\I ytcx Tf)\I 1tcxpox11 7tATJpOq>optW\I, auµq>wva µ, 'tO <ip 9po 7 xott ,o <ip9po 9 1tcxp<iypotipoc; 3, £) Tj t;!'totOTj 'tW\I ott'tTjOEW\I ytot 7totpOXT) 'tE'X,\ILXT)<; OW0pOµT)c;, OUfL· tpW\ICX fLE 'tO dtp9po 10 7totp<iypotipoc; 2, O't) TJ E;!'t<XOTj 'tW\I e.x8iaEW\I 7t0U OU\l'tot'X,Tf)XCX\I CX7t0 'tT) ypaµµcxniot, auµipwvot µ, 'tO <ip9po 12 U7t07totp<iypotipoc; ( T ), ') TJ EX'ttfLT)OTj, ouµipwvot fLE 'tO <ip8po 6, 'tW\I µhpwv EAET;(OU, ltOU 1tpo(3Ai1tov,ott o,o dtp9po 2, 11) TJ ,;hotOTj xcxt iyxptoTj, 01twc; ot7tottni,at, ,wv 1tpo,<io,wv "(lot ,po 7t07tOtT)OT) 'tOU 1tcxpov,oc; TTpw,oxoUou T) x<i8£ Ilcxpotp'tTjµot,oc; 'tOU ~ rux \IECX TTotpotp'tTjµot,cx, 9) TJ E;E'totOTj XCXL iyxptOT) 'tOU 1tpoii1t0Ao1toµou, ytot Tf)\I Elj)otpµo~ 'tOU 1totpovwc; TTpw,oxoUou, t) TJ E;hotOT) xcxt ). T)o/TJ x<i8E 1tpoa8E,ou µhpou 1tou µ1topEi \lot ot7totL'tTj· 8,i "(tot Tf)\I E1tiuu;11 'tW\I o,oxwv 'tOU 1tapov,oc; TTpw,oxoUou. 5. Tex Hvwµivot 'E8v11, ot Et0LXEuµivac; U7tT)pe.aitc; ,ouc; xat TJ Att9v1jc; Em,po1t1j A,oµtxiic; Evipyua<;, 01twc; mi011c; Xott x<i9E Kp<i'tOc; 1tou 6,11 EL\ICXt :Euµ(3cxUoµ,vo Mipoc; 'tOU 7totpov,oc; TTpw,oxoUou, µ1topou11 \IIX £X1tpoow1tOU\l'tott one; ouvooouc; 'tW\I :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv MEpwv ot7t0 7totpcx­ 'tTJPTJ'tEc;. K<i8E ipopiac; 7J op1dtvw01J 1tou iXEt x.apax'tTjpot E8vtxo T) 61,9vii, xpcx,txo TJ Ototxpcmxb. w n6ixEUOTj oE 1tE6iot ax E,LXot µE Tf)V 1tpoo,cxoicx 'tT)c; O'tot(3<ioa<; 'tOU 0~0\1,vc;, µ1tope.i \l(X 7t<XpotXOAOu8Ei ,tc; OU\IEOpt<XOEtc; 'tW\I Luµ(3cxUoµivwv :\fEpwv OCX\I 7totpot'tT)pT)'tTjc;, ottpOU £\IT)fLEpWO£L 'tTj ypotµµanicx ax E,txdt xcxt Elj)' oaov OEV 1tpo(3citAEt otv,ippTJOTJ ,o ivcx ,pi,o 'tOUAotX,tO'tO\I 'tW\I 7totpO\l'tW\I :Euµ(3cxUoµivwv M,pwv. H ot1to6ox~ XIXL ouµµE,OX,TJ ,wv 1totpot'tT)p1j,W\I pu8µi,nott (3dtaEt ,ou xotvovtoµou 6tcx6t­ xotaicxc; 7t0U e.rxpivouv 'tot :Euµ(3cxUoµiva Miplj. 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