National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026-2040)

National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia, 2026 to 2040 © O w en K im an i/A lli an ce B io ve rs it y- C IA T National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia 2026 to 2040 National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) December 2025 ii National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) © 2025 Ministry of Agriculture of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT and CIFOR-ICRAF Content in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ministry of Agriculture, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT and CIFOR-ICRAF, 2025. National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040). Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and The Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ISBN: 978-9966-108-97-5 Bioversity International Via di San Domenico, 1, 00153 Rome, Italy Phone: (+39) 0661181 The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Km 17 vía Cali – Palmira Palmira, Colombia Phone: +57 (602) 445 0117. Ext. 3117 or +57 310 407 4297 CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622622 F +62 (251) 8622100 E cifor@cifor-icraf.org ICRAF United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 30677, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya T +254 (20) 7224000 F +254 (20) 7224001 E worldagroforestry@cifor-icraf.org Ministry of Agriculture of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Megenagna, Gurd Shola, Addis Ababa PO Box 62347 Ethiopia T +251 11646 21 99 E info@moa.gov.et The views, interpretations, and opinions articulated within this strategy are those of the authors alone and represent their sole responsibility. These perspectives do not, and should not be construed to represent the official position, views, or policies of any partner organizations that have provided support, whether financial, logistical, or technical, toward the development and production of this document. The contribution of supporting entities is acknowledged solely for their assistance in facilitating the strategy’s formulation, and their support does not imply endorsement of its content. mailto:cifor%40cifor-icraf.org?subject= mailto:?subject= iiiDecember 2025 Acronyms v Foreword vii Message from the State Minister, Natural Resources Development Sector viii Acknowledgements x Executive summary xii 1 Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Rationale 2 1.3 Concepts and principles of agroecology 3 1.4 Essentials of agroecology 5 2 Situation analysis 8 2.1 Food system challenges 8 2.2 PESTEL, SWOT and stakeholder analyses 13 2.3 Existing policy, strategy frameworks and programmes 19 3 Strategic framework 26 3.1 Goal, vision and mission 26 3.2 Theory of change 26 3.3 Strategic objectives 28 3.4 Strategic areas of focus 28 4 Implementation mechanism 35 4.1 Coordination mechanisms 36 4.2 Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning (MEAL) 41 4.3 Knowledge and communication management 42 References 44 Annexes 46 I Process of developing the National Agroecology Strategy 46 II Key alignment actions of the agroecology strategy with other strategies, programmes, policies and proclamations 48 III National Agroecology Strategy Implementation Matrix 50 III List of taskforce members for the development of the NAES 134 IV List of technical working groups 135 V External reviewers 136 Table of contents iv National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) Tables 1 SWOT analysis for agroecology in Ethiopia 14 2 List of stakeholders, their roles, interests and power 16 3 Summary of outcome indicators with respect to the six SOs 32 4 Composition of technical working groups at the bureau, zone, district and kebele levels 39 Figures 1 The five Gliessman levels of food system transformation and the related HLPE 13 principles of agroecology (Agroecology TPP, 2026) 4 2 Theory of change for the NAES 27 3 Process of developing the NAES 46 List of tables & figures vDecember 2025 AE Agroecology AGP Agricultural Growth Program CAADP Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme CBHI Community-based health insurance CBO Community-based organization CoPs Communities of practice CRGE Strategy Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy CSA Climate-smart agriculture CSO Civil society organization CSR Corporate social responsibility EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research ESIF Ethiopian Sustainable Land Management Investment Framework FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GCF Green Climate Fund GEF Global Environment Facility GLI Green Legacy Initiative GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HCD Human-centred design HLPE High Level Panel of Experts for Food Security and Nutrition IDP Internally displaced person IES Institute of Ethiopian Standards IPM Integrated pest management KPI Key performance indicator LLRP Lowland Livelihood Resilience Project MILLs Ministry of Irrigation and Lowlands MInT Ministry of Innovation and Technology MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoE Ministry of Education MoF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Health MoPD Ministry of Planning and Development Acronyms vi National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) MoTRI Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration NARS National Agricultural Research System NDC Nationally determined contribution NMIS National Market Information System NTCA National Technical Committee on Agroecology PACT Participatory Agriculture and Climate Transformation Programme PES Payment for ecosystem services PESTEL Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal PIF Policy and Investment Framework PLWHIV People living with HIV-AIDs PPP Public-private partnership PRM Participatory rangeland management PSNP Productive Safety Net Programme PWDs Persons with disabilities SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SLM Sustainable land management SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TWGA Technical Working Group on Agroecology USAID United States Agency for International Development viiDecember 2025 Agriculture remains the backbone of Ethiopia’s economy and the primary source of livelihood for the majority of our rural population. However, the sector is largely dominated by smallholder and rain-fed systems, making it highly vulnerable to climate variability and extremes. Land degradation, biodiversity loss, declining soil fertility, and increasing population pressure further constrain productivity and resilience. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires a transformative approach that strengthens food and nutrition security while restoring and safeguarding our natural resource base. In line with this, the Government of Ethiopia has adopted a multisectoral growth approach in its second Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda in order to address these interconnected challenges. Among the five pillars of the agenda, agriculture is pursued as the central engine for ensuring climate- resilient growth and national transformation. In this regard, the Ministry of Agriculture is mandated to enhance the productivity of land and water resources, reduce environmental degradation, and promote inclusive rural development. Thus, agroecology provides a comprehensive, science- informed pathway to achieve these goals by integrating ecological principles with local knowledge, strengthening diversified farming and pastoral systems, and enhancing the sustainability of food systems. Globally, agroecology is increasingly recognized as a means to reconcile productivity with environmental stewardship and long-term resilience. Ethiopia’s rich heritage of integrated crop–livestock systems, soil and water conservation, agroforestry, and community-based watershed management aligns strongly with agroecological principles. Building on these foundations, the Ethiopian National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) offers a coherent national framework to consolidate ongoing efforts, guide coordinated investment, and scale agroecological approaches across diverse livelihoods. Developed through an inclusive, year-long consultative process led by the Ministry of Agriculture, the NAES reflects the shared vision of the government, research institutions, civil society, development partners, and the private sector. The Government reaffirms its commitment to creating an enabling environment for the effective implementation of the NAES. I call upon all stakeholders to mobilize resources, align interventions, and strengthen monitoring and accountability. Through coordinated action, the NAES will contribute significantly to resilient livelihoods, restored landscapes, sustainable food systems, and the prosperity of our nation. H.E. Addisu Arega Kitessa Ministry of Agriculture Foreword viii National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) Message from the State Minister, Natural Resources Development Sector Ethiopia’s agricultural transformation depends on the health and functionality of our natural resource base inducing soils, water, biodiversity, and landscape. However, climate variability and extremes, land degradation, nutrient depletion, erosion, and increasing pressure on land and water are undermining productivity and resilience in many parts of the country. These challenges are interconnected and cannot be addressed through fragmented interventions. The Ethiopian National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) and its Implementation Matrix provide a scientifically grounded and operational framework to tackle these challenges in an integrated way linking farm- level practices to watershed and landscape outcomes. From the Natural Resources Development Sector perspective, NAES is particularly important because it positions landscape functionality, soil health, and water security as core drivers of sustainable productivity. It recognizes that durable gains require measurable improvement in soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, which result in reduced erosion and sediment loss, enhanced water retention and groundwater recharge, and strengthened ecosystem services. The Implementation Matrix is a key instrument to translate these objectives into prioritized actions by agroecological zone and livelihood system, with defined activities, budgets, responsibilities, indicators, and sequencing them for effective delivery. Technically, NAES consolidates and strengthens our national approach around four practical pathways: (i) soil health restoration through integrated soil fertility management, organic amendments, residue/biomass management, legumes, and context-specific mineral inputs— including acidity management where needed; (ii) watershed and erosion control through physical and biological measures, gully rehabilitation, riparian buffers, and community-based watershed management to reduce runoff and stabilize slopes; (iii) water-smart landscape management through water harvesting, improved irrigation efficiency where applicable, groundwater recharge measures, and protection of wetlands and headwaters; and (iv) biodiversity-based systems including agroforestry, diversified production, and improved rangeland management to strengthen ecological regulation and reduce vulnerability. To ensure impact at scale, NAES must be implemented with a strong monitoring, evaluation, and learning system that tracks both adoption and biophysical change. We will work with partners to harmonize indicators and strengthen evidence systems using field verification complemented by geospatial and remote sensing analytics tracking, for example, vegetation cover trends, erosion risk proxies, soil condition (including SOC and acidity where feasible), and water availability proxies—alongside livelihood and inclusion outcomes. ixDecember 2025 I reaffirm the Government’s commitment to providing an enabling environment for NAES implementation. I call upon federal and regional institutions, research and higher learning institutions, development partners, civic society, and the private sector to align investments, strengthen frontline implementation capacity, and ensure coordinated monitoring and accountability. With shared technical responsibility and disciplined coordination, NAES can deliver measurable improvements in land and water resources, resilience, and sustainable livelihoods across Ethiopia. H.E. Prof. Eyasu Elias State Minister, Natural Resources Development Sector, FDRE Ministry of Agriculture x National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) The Ethiopian National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) and its Implementation Matrix are the product of a year-long, multi-stakeholder process led by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and co-developed through extensive national and regional consultations. The strategy was advanced through a phased roadmap that combined high-level policy guidance, sustained technical drafting, inputs from thematic working groups, and broad national validation – ensuring technical rigor, practical relevance and strong stakeholder ownership. The Natural Resources Development Sector of the Ministry of Agriculture extends its deepest appreciation to the NAES Technical Task Force for its stewardship, technical leadership, and continuous follow-up throughout the drafting, review, and validation phases. We sincerely acknowledge the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (Co-Chair) and CIFOR-ICRAF (Secretariat) for providing comprehensive technical and facilitation support, including drafting, editing, convening, and integrating inputs across multiple iterations. The process was supported by several projects and programs of the Agroecology TPP, which receives core funding from the French Government. Particularly, this work benefited from dedicated technical and financial support through the Agroecological Transitions Programme for Building Resilient and Inclusive Agricultural & Food Systems (TRANSITIONS), namely the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT-led Private Sector Incentives and Investments (PSii) and the ICRAF-led Metrics projects. The TRANSITIONS Programme is generously funded by the European Union (EU) under the DeSIRA Initiative and managed by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Additional support was provided by the Liechtenstein Development Service–funded Food Systems Transformations through Agroecology project, and the CGIAR Science Programs on Multifunctional Landscapes and Policy Innovations. The contributions of the Thematic Working Groups were made possible with financial and technical support from Irish Aid, WorldVeg, GIZ, the CGIAR Multifunctional Landscapes and CGIAR Policy Innovations Science Programs, and AICCRA-Ethiopia. We gratefully recognize the contributions of the Thematic Working Groups (TWGs) and the many technical experts who developed the detailed implementation components, including strategic activities, budgets, indicators and prioritization. We also acknowledge, Irish Aid, WorldVeg and GIZ for their financial and technical contributions that supported the TWG Writeshop and strengthened the Strategy’s implementation readiness. In addition, we acknowledge the CGIAR Multifunctional Landscapes and Policy Innovations Science Program and AICCRA-Ethiopia for financing dedicated expert support that accompanied the process through to completion. Our sincere appreciation extends to the broad community of stakeholders representing federal and regional government institutions, academia, research organizations, civil society, development partners and the private sector – whose participation and constructive feedback shaped NAES into a nationally owned blueprint. We particularly thank all participants of the National Stakeholders Consultation Workshop (23–24 October 2025) and the Final Validation Workshop (11 December 2025, ILRI Campus), which brought together key actors to build consensus, strengthen clarity, and endorse the consolidated Strategy for political approval and implementation. Acknowledgements xiDecember 2025 We also acknowledge the two external reviewers commissioned to provide an independent final technical review, strengthening the document’s coherence and alignment with national priorities and wider transformation agendas. Finally, we thank the CIFOR-ICRAF editing and communications teams for their editorial, design and layout support, which enhanced the quality and accessibility of the outputs produced through this process. We are grateful to all partners and stakeholders who share the vision of NAES, and we look forward to continued collaboration to translate this Strategy into coordinated action and measurable impact across Ethiopia’s diverse food systems and landscapes. The FDRE Ministry of Agriculture xii National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) Executive summary Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood and employment in Ethiopia, as well as the country’s main generator of foreign currency. Smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists are responsible for approximately 95 percent of the nation’s agricultural output. However, the sector faces numerous challenges, including climate change, limited access to modern technology, pests and disease outbreaks, soil degradation, land fragmentation, post-harvest loss, and inadequate institutional services and infrastructure. Cognizant of Ethiopia’s dependence on agriculture and its vulnerability to food insecurity and climate-related risks, agroecology has emerged as a promising pathway to transform the country’s food system. It leverages ecological principles and local knowledge to promote sustainable farming, making it particularly relevant in contexts with diverse ecosystems and socioeconomic challenges. It has a multitude of benefits, including enhancing soil health and fertility, increasing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, improving food security and nutrition, empowering smallholders and preserving traditional knowledge, minimizing reliance on external inputs, and improving rural livelihoods. Recognizing the potential of agroecology in transforming food systems, there is a growing interest among the government, NGOs and other development partners in Ethiopia. Despite its potential, the widespread adoption of agroecological practices was hindered by barriers such as limited political support, insufficient investment, low technological capacity, lack of community engagement, environmental pressures and gaps in legal and policy frameworks. Tackling these challenges and realizing the potential of agroecology in Ethiopia requires developing and enforcing a National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) to transform its food and agricultural systems. This strategy aligns with a broader regional movement in East and Southern Africa towards sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture. The NAES is designed to align with national development policies in rural livelihoods, land use and environmental protection to ensure policy coherence and integration based upon the principles of ecological sustainability, social equity and improved livelihoods. The NAES envisions building a resilient, sustainable and inclusive agroecological food system. It reflects Ethiopia’s commitment to agricultural transformation through evidence-based planning and inclusive stakeholder engagement. The strategy outlines six core strategic objectives, each aligned with the country’s agricultural priorities, local environmental context, African Union Agenda 2063 and the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These include: (1) Promote sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies; (2) Enhance knowledge, research, and capacity for agroecological innovation and extension services; (3) Support market system development; (4) Create an enabling environment for policy and governance; (5) Strengthen social inclusion and empowerment; and (6) Promote sustainable consumption and healthy diets. xiiiDecember 2025 To ensure effective implementation, the NAES includes a detailed implementation matrix that outlines specific activities, indicators, responsible actors, timelines and resource requirements. This structured approach enables systematic monitoring, evaluation and accountability, ensuring that progress aligns with the strategy’s goals and delivers measurable outcomes for farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, ecosystems and society at large. The implementation of this NAES will involve a wide range of stakeholders from both public and non-public sectors to ensure its effective roll-out and long-term impact. Relevant stakeholders such as ministries, regional bureaus, development partners, research institutes, universities, CSOs, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders are identified for the implementation of the NAES. They will contribute resources and technical expertise, and support grassroots implementation capacity. Strong coordination among these actors is required for the effective implementation of the strategy. Coordination mechanisms will be put in place at the federal, regional, woreda (district) and kebele levels. 1 Ethiopia’s agriculture plays a critical role in the country’s economy, supporting millions of livelihoods and forming the foundation for food security. With agriculture accounting for approximately 33 percent of GDP and employing over 80 percent of the population (Wondimu, 2021), its significance in Ethiopia’s food system cannot be overstated. The food system encompasses activities spanning production, processing, marketing and consumption, all of which are vital to the country’s development (von Braun et al., 2021; HLPE, 2017). The system, however, faces several challenges, from environmental stressors to infrastructural deficits, which have been the subject of extensive academic and policy- oriented research. Transformation of the Ethiopian food system is fundamentally linked to a unifying concept of agroecology where these two elements are not merely compatible, but also deeply synergistic, presenting the blueprint for a resilient and thriving national food system and sustainable development. Agroecology 1 Background 1.1 Introduction Agriculture remains the backbone of Ethiopia’s economy, with smallholder farmers, pastoralists, and agro-pastoralists accounting for 95 percent of agricultural production, primarily engaged in subsistence farming (Kebede, 2020). Major crops include cereals like teff, maize and wheat, alongside pulses, oilseeds, and high-value export crops like coffee. Ethiopia is the largest producer of teff, a staple crop central to the Ethiopian diet (Minten et al., 2018). As the origin of Arabica coffee, Ethiopia’s coffee sector provides income to millions, contributing about 30 percent of foreign exchange earnings (Adugna, 2021). Livestock farming is also integral, with Ethiopia hosting the largest livestock population in Africa (World Bank, 2020). Livestock plays a crucial role in the agri-food system, particularly for pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities in regions such as Afar, Somalia and Oromia. Ethiopia’s livestock sector contributes to both domestic consumption and export markets, with leather being a major export. © O w en K im an i/A lli an ce B io ve rs it y- C IA T 2 is a science, a practice, and a social movement that can contribute to sustainable food systems. Agroecology emphasizes biodiversity, resource efficiency and social equity. It seeks to create farming systems that are resilient, sustainable and adaptive to local environmental and cultural contexts. Agroecology provides the practical and conceptual foundation for redesigning food systems that are ecologically sound, socially just and economically viable. It promotes local food networks, fair trade and community participation while reducing dependence on chemical inputs and long supply chains. 1.2 Rationale The rationale for developing a National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) in Ethiopia stems from the urgent need to transform a vulnerable, input-dependent agricultural sector into a more resilient, sustainable and equitable food system. The strategy will address critical national challenges, including pervasive soil degradation, high vulnerability to climate change (droughts and floods), biodiversity loss, and persistent food and nutrition insecurity. By adopting a holistic, ecosystem-based approach, the Strategy aims to restore natural resource health, reduce reliance on expensive external chemical inputs, enhance on-farm resilience and productivity in a climate-smart manner, and promote social equity for smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, thereby securing long-term food sovereignty and sustainable development goals. The legal enforcement of this National Agroecology Strategy is a policy paradigm shift that directly aligns with the implicit guarantees of the Ethiopian Constitution, specifically the Right to Development (Art. 43) and the Right to Adequate Food (Art. 90.1) by ensuring agricultural production is sustainable and not achieved at the expense of natural resources or future generations (FDRE, 1995). Furthermore, it would be a strategic instrument for operationalizing Ethiopia’s commitment to the Ethiopian Food System (EFS) Pathway, which envisions an inclusive, equitable and nature-positive food system (GoV, 2021). The Strategy is fundamentally aligned with the nation’s paradigm shift towards agroecology as articulated in the recently endorsed Agricultural and Rural Development (ARD) Policy (GoV, 2024). This new ARD Policy explicitly prioritizes a holistic approach that emphasizes agroecological principles, moving away from a narrow focus on chemical-intensive productivity to one grounded in resilience, environmental stewardship and biodiversity conservation. It is primarily driven by the imperative to translate key Ethiopian policies into actionable strategies for a sustainable food system. By institutionalizing agroecology, the strategy aims to mitigate severe challenges such as climate change vulnerability, land degradation and soil depletion; enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers/pastoralists/ agro-pastoralists; and ensure a consistent supply of diverse and nutritious foods, thereby making the constitutional rights and national development visions economically and ecologically achievable. Agroecology, which integrates ecological principles with agricultural practices, holds great potential to support Ethiopia’s food system by addressing many of the country’s critical challenges of productivity, sustainability and resilience. Agroecology emphasizes using local resources, biodiversity and traditional knowledge to create sustainable farming systems. In Ethiopia, where smallholder agriculture dominates, agroecological approaches can enhance food security, promote sustainable land use, improve the livelihoods of rural populations, and sustain Ethiopia’s agri- food system. 3 1.3 Concepts and principles of agroecology 1.3.1 Definitions/glossary Agroecology is a science, a set of practices, and a social movement. Agroecology is “an integrated approach that simultaneously applies ecological and social concepts and principles to the design and management of food and agricultural systems” that “aims to optimize the interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment while taking into account the social aspects that must be addressed for a sustainable and equitable food system” (HLPE 2019). When agroecology emerged in the early 1980s, it was primarily seen as both a form of resistance and an alternative to the sweeping changes brought about by the Green Revolution. This period was characterized by the simplification of agriculture through monocultures, the industrialization of food production, processing and distribution, and increasing corporate control over the food system. During this time, agroecology was commonly defined as the application of ecological concepts and principles to the design and management of sustainable agroecosystems, essentially being recognized as the science of sustainable agriculture (Gliessman, 2013). 1.3.2 Key principles The 13 principles of agroecology, established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2018) and widely recognized in the field (HLPE, 2019; Nicholls et al., 2016), outline the essential elements for creating a sustainable, resilient and equitable agricultural system. These 13 principles offer a comprehensive framework that not only enhances environmental sustainability, but also respects social and cultural values, fostering economic resilience and community empowerment. Agroecology seeks to create food systems that are sustainable, equitable and resilient in the face of global challenges through adhering to these core principles. The details of these principles are highlighted as follows: 1. Biodiversity: This principle encourages crop diversity and the integration of animals, trees and other organisms into farming systems. Diverse farming systems are more resilient, support greater biodiversity, and reduce dependence on chemical inputs by enabling natural pest control and nutrient cycling. 2. Co-creation of knowledge: Agroecology promotes a participatory approach, integrating scientific research with traditional and local/traditional knowledge. This collaborative learning process helps tailor agroecological practices to the local context and needs of farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists or food producers. 3. Synergies: By promoting beneficial interactions between different components of the farming system (e.g., crops, livestock, trees and soil), agroecology optimizes productivity. Synergies in the system can reduce the need for external inputs, as plants and animals can support each other. 4. Recycling: Agroecology focuses on minimizing waste by recycling nutrients and organic matter within the farm. For example, crop residues and animal manure can be used to enrich the soil, optimizing the need for chemical fertilizers and closing nutrient loops on the farm. 5. Land and natural resource governance: Access to land and secure land tenure are crucial for farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists to invest in long-term sustainable practices. Agroecology emphasizes fair and equitable access to land, water, seeds and other resources, particularly for marginalized groups. 6. Animal health and welfare: Agroecology values the humane treatment of animals, with systems designed to meet animals’ natural behaviours and nutritional needs. Ethical treatment of livestock also benefits human health and contributes to balanced ecosystem functioning. R EC YC LI N G Pr ef er en tia lly u se lo ca l r en ew ab le re so ur ce s an d cl os e as fa r a s po ss ib le re so ur ce c yc le s of nu tr ie nt s an d bi om as s. Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld , F ar m 1 IN PU T R ED U C TI O N Re du ce o r e lim in at e de pe nd en cy o n pu rc ha se d in pu ts a nd in cr ea se s el f-s u� ci en cy . Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ar m , F oo d sy st em 2 SO IL H EA LT H Se cu re a nd e nh an ce s oi l h ea lth a nd fu nc tio ni ng fo r i m pr ov ed p la nt g ro w th , pa rt ic ul ar ly b y m an ag in g or ga ni c m at te r a nd en ha nc in g so il bi ol og ic al a ct iv ity . Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld 3 A N IM A L H EA LT H En su re a ni m al h ea lth a nd w el fa re . Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld , F ar m 4 EC O N O M IC D IV ER SI FI C AT IO N D iv er si fy o n- fa rm in co m es b y en su rin g th at s m al l-s ca le fa rm er s ha ve g re at er � na nc ia l i nd ep en de nc e an d va lu e ad di tio n op po rt un iti es w hi le e na bl in g th em to re sp on d to d em an d fr om c on su m er s. Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld , F oo d sy st em 7 SO C IA L VA LU ES & D IE TS Bu ild fo od s ys te m s ba se d on th e cu ltu re , i de nt ity , tr ad iti on , s oc ia l a nd g en de r e qu ity o f l oc al co m m un iti es th at p ro vi de h ea lth y, d iv er si �e d, se as on al ly a nd c ul tu ra lly a pp ro pr ia te d ie ts . Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld , F oo d sy st em 9 C O N N EC TI VI TY En su re p ro xi m ity a nd c on �d en ce b et w ee n pr od uc er sa nd c on su m er s th ro ug h pr om ot io n of fa ir an d sh or t d is tr ib ut io n ne tw or ks a nd b y re -e m be dd in g fo od sy st em s in to lo ca l e co no m ie s. Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ar m 11 LA N D A N D N AT U R A L R ES O U R C E G O VE R N A N C E St re ng th en in st itu tio na l a rr an ge m en ts to im pr ov e, in cl ud in g th e re co gn iti on a nd s up po rt of fa m ily fa rm er s, sm al lh ol de rs a nd p ea sa nt fo od pr od uc er s as s us ta in ab le m an ag er s of n at ur al an d ge ne tic re so ur ce s. Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ar m , F oo d sy st em 12 PA R TI C IP AT IO N En co ur ag e so ci al o rg an iz at io n an d gr ea te r pa rt ic ip at io n in d ec is io n- m ak in g by fo od pr od uc er s an d co ns um er s to s up po rt de ce nt ra liz ed g ov er na nc e an d lo ca l a da pt iv e m an ag em en t o f a gr ic ul tu ra l a nd fo od s ys te m s Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F oo d sy st em 13 FA IR N ES S Su pp or t d ig ni �e d an d ro bu st li ve lih oo ds fo r al l a ct or s en ga ge d in fo od s ys te m s, es pe ci al ly sm al l-s ca le fo od p ro du ce rs , b as ed o n fa ir tr ad e, fa ir em pl oy m en t a nd fa ir tr ea tm en t o f in te lle ct ua l p ro pe rt y rig ht s. Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ar m , F oo d sy st em 10 B IO D IV ER SI TY M ai nt ai n an d en ha nc e di ve rs ity o f s pe ci es , fu nc tio na l d iv er si ty a nd g en et ic re so ur ce s an d th er eb y m ai nt ai n ov er al l a gr oe co sy st em bi od iv er si ty in ti m e an d sp ac e at � el d, fa rm an d la nd sc ap e sc al es . Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld , F ar m 5 LE VE L 5 Bu ild a n ew g lo ba l f oo d sy st em b as ed o n pa rt ic ip at io n, lo ca ln es s, fa irn es s an d ju st ic e LE VE L 4 Re co nn ec t c on su m er s an d pr od uc er s th ro ug h th e de ve lo pm en t o f a lte rn at iv e fo od n et w or ks LE VE L 2 Su bs tit ut e co nv en tio na l in pu ts a nd p ra ct ic es w ith ag ro ec ol og ic al a lte rn at iv es LE VE L 1 In cr ea se e � ci en cy o f i np ut us e an d re du ce u se o f co st ly , s ca rc e or en vi ro nm en ta lly d am ag in g in pu ts LE VE L 3 Re de si gn a gr oe co sy st em s TH E FI VE G LI ES SM A N L EV EL S O F FO O D S YS TE M T R A N SF O R M AT IO N A N D T H E R EL AT ED H LP E 13 P R IN C IP LE S O F A G R O EC O LO G Y SY N ER G Y En ha nc e po si tiv e ec ol og ic al in te ra ct io n, s yn er gy , i nt eg ra tio n an d co m pl em en ta rit y am on g th e el em en ts o f a gr oe co sy st em s (a ni m al s, cr op s, tr ee s, so il an d w at er ). Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ie ld , F ar m 6 C O -C R EA TI O N O F K N O W LE D G E 8 En ha nc e co -c re at io n an d ho riz on ta l s ha rin g of k no w le dg e in cl ud in g lo ca l an d sc ie nt i� c in no va tio n, e sp ec ia lly th ro ug h fa rm er -t o- fa rm er e xc ha ng e. Sc al e ap pl ic at io n: F ar m , F oo d sy st em Fi gu re 1 . Th e fiv e G lie ss m an le ve ls o f f oo d sy st em tr an sf or m at io n an d th e re la te d H LP E 13 p ri nc ip le s of a gr oe co lo gy (A gr oe co lo gy T PP , 2 02 6) So ur ce : A da pt ed fr om G lie ss m an (2 00 7) , H LP E (2 01 9) , A gr oe co lo gy E ur op e (2 02 1) 4 5 7. Connectivity: This principle promotes collaboration across various levels, from farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists to consumers, fostering connections between urban and rural areas. Strong networks among stakeholders strengthen the food system, increase knowledge sharing, and create more resilient local economies. 8. Input reduction: Reduce or eventually eliminate dependency on purchased inputs from external sources and increase self-sufficiency by relying on local sources. 9. Soil health: Secure and enhance soil health and functioning for improved plant growth, particularly by managing organic matter and enhancing soil microbiological activity. 10. Economic diversification: Diversify on-farm incomes by ensuring that small-scale farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists have greater financial independence and value-added opportunities while enabling them to respond to demand from consumers. 11. Social values and diets: Build food systems – based on the culture, identity, traditions, and social and gender equity of local communities – that provide healthy, diversified, seasonal and culturally appropriate diets. 12. Fairness: Support dignified and robust livelihoods for all actors engaged in food systems, especially small-scale food producers, based on fair trade, fair employment, and fair treatment of intellectual property rights. 13. Participation: Encourage social organization and greater participation in decision making by food producers and consumers to support decentralized governance and local adaptive management of agricultural and food systems. These 13 principles are aligned with 10 elements of agroecology (FAO, 2018) as presented diagrammatically in Figure 1. 1.4 Essentials of agroecology The transition to resilient food systems requires moving beyond conventional approaches to embrace agroecology’s core philosophy and practices. At its heart, these essentials, ranging from recycling and biodiversity to knowledge co-creation and social values, form the integrated framework necessary to simultaneously achieve ecological health, economic viability and social equity in Ethiopian agriculture. Enhancing soil health and fertility One of the primary benefits of agroecology is its focus on improving soil health through natural and sustainable practices. Ethiopian agriculture faces significant challenges from land degradation, soil erosion and nutrient depletion, which are particularly problematic in the highland areas. Agroecology encourages the use of techniques like terracing, contour farming and agroforestry, which help prevent soil erosion and improve water retention. In Ethiopia, these techniques are essential for combating land degradation and improving soil fertility, particularly in areas prone to soil erosion due to deforestation and overgrazing (Snapp, 2017). Agroecological practices promote the use of organic compost and natural fertilizers rather than relying heavily on external chemical inputs. This approach restores soil nutrients and improves soil structure, organic matter content and water retention capacity, thereby making it more resilient to climate shocks and more productive in the long term (Snapp, 2017). Increasing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience Agroecology emphasizes biodiversity in farming systems, which can improve both productivity and resilience to environmental stresses such as droughts, dry spells, incidences of disease, and pest outbreaks. Ethiopian smallholders traditionally 6 grow multiple crops in diverse forms of associations, a practice that aligns with agroecological principles of poly-culture. These systems enhance biodiversity, reduce pests without chemical pesticides, and improve yields by ensuring crops support each other. For example, growing cereals like maize alongside legumes improves soil nitrogen content and enhances productivity (Pretty et al., 2018). Agroecology also promotes the integration of trees and shrubs into crop farming systems, which provides multiple benefits such as shade, wind protection, and additional food and feed sources. In Ethiopia, agroforestry has shown promise in improving soil health, increasing fodder availability for livestock, and contributing to household income through the production of fruits, timber and fuelwood (Mbow et al. 2014). Improving climate resilience Agroecology offers pathways for adapting to climate change, a major challenge for Ethiopia’s agri-food system, which is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Climate variability in Ethiopia frequently results in droughts, erratic rainfall and floods, affecting crop yields and livestock. Agroecology promotes the use of assorted local drought- tolerant crop varieties that are adapted to Ethiopia’s diverse agroecological zones. These varieties, often maintained by smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, are crucial for building resilience to climate shocks (Veronesi and Di Falco, 2012). Agroecological practices like water harvesting, mulching and the use of small-scale irrigation systems help smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists manage water resources more efficiently, reducing vulnerability to droughts and erratic rainfall (World Bank, 2021). These techniques can also help sustain agricultural production during dry periods. Supporting food security and nutrition Agroecology helps diversify food production, which is critical for improving nutrition and food security in Ethiopia. The focus on biodiversity-based and mixed farming systems leads to the production of a wide variety of food crops, including fruits, vegetables and legumes, which are essential for balanced diets. Agroecological systems promote crop diversification, which directly enhances household food security by providing diverse and nutrient-rich diets. This is particularly important in Ethiopia, where malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies (such as Vitamin A and iron) are widespread (Masters et al., 2016). By growing diverse crops and varieties, farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists can improve dietary diversity and reduce dependence on a few staple grains like teff or maize. Agroecology fosters local food systems by shortening the supply chain, reducing reliance on external inputs and markets. This not only strengthens food sovereignty, but also makes local communities more resilient to global food price fluctuations and supply disruptions. Empowering smallholders and preserving traditional knowledge Agroecology values the knowledge of smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists, and sustainable local/traditional practices, which are often well-suited to local environments. In Ethiopia, smallholders have centuries of experience managing complex agroecosystems, for instance, the local/traditional agroforestry practices of the Gedeo community and the stone terraces of Konso. Agroecology encourages participatory approaches where farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists experiment, innovate and share knowledge about sustainable 7 practices. This approach helps smallholders in Ethiopia develop context-specific solutions that improve productivity without relying on expensive inputs (Altieri and Toledo, 2011). Ethiopia is known for its rich biodiversity, particularly in traditional crops like teff, barley and enset. Agroecology supports the conservation and use of local seed varieties, which are often more resilient to local environmental conditions than commercially produced uniform hybrid seeds (Salgotra and Chauhan, 2023). Reducing reliance on external inputs Agroecological approaches reduce reliance on external agrochemical inputs (such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides), which can be expensive and harmful to the environment when overused, and to humans and animals when mishandled. Ethiopian smallholders often lack access to costly external inputs, making agroecology a suitable approach as it emphasizes locally available resources such as compost, biological pest control, and traditional sustainable farming techniques. This approach is more sustainable and accessible for resource-poor farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists (Pretty et al., 2018). Agroecology promotes integrated pest management (IPM), which combines biological control, habitat manipulation, and the use of resistant varieties. This reduces the need for chemical pesticides, which can harm ecosystems and human health (Pretty and Bharucha, 2015). Strengthening rural livelihoods Agroecology enhances rural livelihoods by increasing income through diversified production systems, creating opportunities for value addition, and promoting sustainable farming practices that can be passed down through generations. By encouraging the cultivation of a variety of crops, including high-value products such as fruits, nuts and medicinal plants, agroecology helps Ethiopian farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists diversify their income sources (Wezel et al., 2009). Additionally, agroecological practices often lead to higher yields over the long term, thereby improving household income. Agroecological approaches support local economies by encouraging the production and consumption of local products and reinvesting income to enhance production. This reduces dependence on imported foods and external markets, empowering rural communities and strengthening local food systems. In summary, the rationale of enforcing agroecology strategy in Ethiopia is marked by a decisive trajectory of moving towards a more sustainable and resilient agriculture and food system. By exploring and leveraging the partnerships and momentum, Ethiopia has the potential to position itself as a leader in transforming its agriculture and food systems in ensuring both food security and environmental sustainability. 8 2.1 Food system challenges 2.1.1 Challenges in production, aggregation, storage, processing, distribution and consumption Challenges in production: Declining soil health and fertility, increasing biodiversity loss, dependency on external inputs, shortage of animal feed, livestock watering, and livestock health, limited access to technology, pests and diseases, and land fragmentation are the key challenges affecting food production. Ethiopia’s agricultural system is predominantly rain-fed, making it vulnerable to climate variability (Conway and Schipper, 2011). Frequent droughts, land degradation and soil erosion exacerbate food insecurity. According to Veronesi and Di Falco (2012), climate change has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, particularly among smallholders, necessitating climate- adaptation strategies like irrigation and the use of drought- resistant crop varieties. Recent literature (reports) pointed out the need for more climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices to enhance resilience against climate change (Komarek et al., 2019; Teklu et al., 2022). Innovations such as integrated soil fertility management, conservation agriculture and agroforestry can help mitigate environmental degradation and increase agricultural productivity (Arslan et al., 2021). Ethiopia has made efforts to promote CSA through initiatives like the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy, which integrates sustainable practices into national development (Paul and Weinthal, 2019). Smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists often lack access to modern agricultural technologies, quality seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. Productivity in Ethiopian agriculture remains low due to fragmented land holdings, traditional farming methods and limited use of modern inputs such as fertilizers and improved seeds (Bahir et al., 2020). These constraints are compounded by poor infrastructure and limited access to markets, which reduces farmers’ ability to sell surplus production (World Bank, 2010). 2 Situation analysis © O w en K im an i/A lli an ce B io ve rs it y- C IA T 9 Challenges in aggregation: The agricultural sector faces significant challenges that impede farmers’ abilities to efficiently market their produce. Poor infrastructure, characterized by inadequate transport and logistics, hampers the effective aggregation of crops from rural areas to urban markets. Additionally, limited access to collective marketing mechanisms further exacerbates inefficiencies, resulting in lower prices for farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. Compounding these issues are information gaps and lack of access to essential market data, which diminishes their bargaining power and hinders their ability to respond to market demands effectively. Challenges in storage: post-harvest losses present a critical issue for food security, primarily due to inadequate storage facilities and poor handling practices that contribute significantly to waste. The lack of cold chain facilities further exacerbates the situation, as perishable goods like fruits and vegetables experience reduced shelf life, increasing the likelihood of spoilage. Additionally, inadequate storage practices can lead to pest infestations and contamination, compromising food quality and safety. Challenges in distribution: The effective movement of food products is significantly hampered by transport challenges, including poor road conditions, unreliable transport services and insufficient logistics infrastructure. This situation is further complicated by the fragmentation of food markets, which leads to inefficiencies and restricts producers from accessing larger markets. Additionally, urban-rural disparities in distribution channels result in urban areas enjoying better access to food compared to rural communities, exacerbating the inequalities in food availability and access. Challenges in processing: The lack of adequate food processing facilities significantly limits value addition across the agricultural sector, perpetuating dependence on raw agricultural exports. Much of the processing occurs within an informal sector that operates without regulation, raising serious food safety concerns. Furthermore, investment challenges persist, with insufficient funding in the food processing sector stifling innovation and the adoption of modern technologies that could enhance efficiency and product quality. Challenges in food safety and standards: In the Ethiopian food system, challenges in food safety and standards remain significant due to weak regulatory enforcement, limited laboratory capacity, and fragmented institutional coordination among agencies responsible for quality control. The absence of harmonized food safety standards aligned with international benchmarks, inadequate inspection systems across the value chain, and poor awareness among producers and consumers further exacerbate risks of contamination and adulteration. Moreover, informal markets dominate food distribution, often lacking proper hygiene and traceability mechanisms, while limited infrastructure for cold storage and transportation undermines food quality and safety assurance. Challenges in food and nutrition security: Food insecurity and poverty significantly restrict access to diverse and nutritious foods, leading to widespread malnutrition. Additionally, cultural preferences often favour traditional diets, which can hinder the acceptance of new food products that might enhance nutritional intake. Compounding these issues is a general lack of awareness and education on dietary diversity, nutrition and food safety, which adversely affects consumption patterns and overall health outcomes. Challenges in capacity and knowledge: Many actors across the value chain, including smallholder farmers, extension agents, cooperatives and local institutions, have limited technical and managerial skills to adopt improved agricultural practices, post-harvest handling and value addition technologies. Weak institutional coordination, 10 inadequate research-extension-farmer linkages and insufficient investment in vocational and higher education related to food systems hinder innovation and knowledge dissemination. Moreover, data management, digital literacy and evidence- based decision-making capacities are low, leading to gaps in planning, monitoring and policy implementation across the food system. 2.1.2 Environmental challenges of food systems Soil fertility depletion and land degradation: Land degradation often results in biodiversity loss and soil erosion, which reduces the amount of arable land and leads to desertification in some areas, further compounding food production challenges. This degradation, coupled with depleted soil fertility/health, leads to reduced agricultural output, as nutrient deficiencies adversely affect crop growth and result in lower yields that fail to meet the dietary needs of the growing population. Additionally, poorly managed and degraded soils contribute to greater crop losses due to increased vulnerability to pests, diseases and adverse weather conditions. Moreover, depleted soils negatively impact soil organisms that are critical for maintaining agricultural biodiversity and ecosystem services, ultimately reducing long-term agricultural productivity. Healthy soils play a crucial role in improving water retention and drought resilience, whereas soil degradation makes agricultural systems more vulnerable to climate-related events, such as droughts and heavy rainfall. As farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists cope with declining fertility, many resort to unsustainable practices like mono- cropping, over-reliance on chemical fertilizers and inadequate crop rotation, which can exacerbate soil health degradation. Moreover, farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists experiencing losses of fertile land may lack the resources to adapt their practices to changing climates, further diminishing agricultural resilience. Water availability and management: In Ethiopia, agriculture is largely rain-fed, making it highly dependent on seasonal rainfall patterns, where limited water availability can lead to reduced crop yields and a significant impact on food security. The country is also susceptible to recurrent droughts, with prolonged dry periods resulting in crop failures, livestock losses and increased food prices, thereby heightening food insecurity, particularly among vulnerable rural populations. Many communities rely on livestock as a primary source of income and nutrition, and water scarcity directly affects the availability of grazing land and the health of livestock, which in turn reduces productivity and increases mortality rates among animals. Additionally, water availability influences agricultural output, affecting food prices; years of low rainfall and reduced crop production often lead to higher costs, making it challenging for households to afford adequate nutrition. Limited water availability can exacerbate pest and disease pressures on both crops and livestock, as stressed conditions make plants more susceptible to both, thereby threatening food security further. A reliable water supply is essential for cultivating a diverse range of crops, and water scarcity may force farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists to focus on a few staple crops, limiting dietary diversity and adversely affecting nutritional outcomes. Moreover, the effects of climate change, with shifts in rainfall patterns and further impacts on water availability, present significant challenges for Ethiopians dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Hence, adaptation strategies such as improved water management practices and climate-resilient crop varieties are necessary to bolster the resilience of the food system. Climate change challenges: Frequent droughts, land degradation and soil erosion intensify food insecurity in Ethiopia. Research by Veronesi and Di Falco (2012) indicates that climate change adversely affects agricultural productivity, particularly for smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, highlighting the necessity for climate 11 adaptation strategies such as irrigation and drought-resistant crop varieties. Recent literature emphasizes the importance of implementing climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices to build resilience against climate change, with innovations like integrated soil fertility management, conservation agriculture and agroforestry proving effective in mitigating environmental degradation and boosting agricultural productivity (Arslan et al., 2021). Ethiopia has made strides in promoting CSA through initiatives like the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy, which integrates sustainable approaches into national development efforts (Paul and Weinthal, 2019). Climate change poses additional threats to Ethiopia’s agro- ecosystems, further exacerbating existing challenges. Fluctuations in temperature and precipitation patterns can significantly affect water availability and the distribution of vital plant and animal species, ultimately impacting crop yields and food production. This vulnerability is compounded by intensive agricultural practices that degrade soil health. Agrochemicals: Agrochemicals play a complex role in Ethiopia’s food system, influencing agricultural productivity and food security both positively and negatively. On the one hand, the use of fertilizers and pesticides can enhance crop yields and protect against pests and diseases, which is crucial for a country facing food insecurity due to challenges like drought, land degradation and climate change. Increased agricultural productivity can help feed a growing population and improve farmers’ incomes. However, the reliance on agrochemicals also poses significant risks. Overuse and misuse can lead to soil degradation, water contamination and loss of biodiversity, undermining the long-term sustainability of the agricultural system. Additionally, the health impacts of agrochemicals on farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoral and rural communities are a growing concern, as exposure can lead to serious health issues. Moreover, the dependency on chemical inputs can create a cycle where farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists become reliant on them for maintaining yields, which may not be sustainable, especially if input costs rise or if there are disruptions in supply chains. Furthermore, agrochemical use can also have socioeconomic implications, where smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, who often lack access to resources and education, might not be able to use these chemicals effectively, leading to disparities between wealthier farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists and those less able to afford such inputs. To balance these effects, there is a need for integrated approaches that emphasize sustainable agricultural practices, promoting organic farming and the use of agroecological methods that can enhance resilience, protect the environment, and ensure food security in Ethiopia. Biodiversity challenges: Ethiopia faces significant challenges related to habitat loss, monoculture practices, climate change, soil degradation, the introduction of invasive species and the erosion of traditional knowledge, all of which have profound implications for its biodiversity and food systems. Rapid urbanization, agricultural expansion and land-use changes have led to habitat destruction, threatening the diverse plant and animal species that are essential for ecological balance and agricultural productivity. This loss of biodiversity can diminish the availability of native crops and livestock, which are critical for ensuring food security. Moreover, the growing trend of mono cropping – where a single crop is cultivated over large areas – has increased the vulnerability of the agricultural system to pests and diseases. By limiting genetic diversity, monoculture practices make crops more susceptible to the impacts of climate change and other environmental stresses, undermining agricultural resilience. The excessive use of agrochemicals and ineffective land management contribute to soil erosion and degradation, rendering soils less productive and diminishing the nutritional 12 quality of food. As a result, the agricultural sector’s capacity to support the population’s needs diminishes, posing further risks to food security. The introduction of invasive species exacerbates these challenges by disrupting local ecosystems and outcompeting native species essential for maintaining biodiversity and agricultural productivity. These invasive species can lead to reduced crop yields and increased costs for pest management. Additionally, the erosion of traditional farming practices and local knowledge regarding biodiversity management diminishes agro- ecosystem resilience. Modern agricultural techniques often overlook the importance of local/traditional knowledge, which has historically supported sustainable farming practices adapted to local conditions. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires an integrated approach that prioritizes biodiversity conservation, promotes agroecological practices, and revitalizes local knowledge to build a more resilient and sustainable food system in Ethiopia. 2.1.3 Socioeconomic challenges of food systems The Ethiopian food system faces several interconnected challenges that significantly impact the livelihoods and incomes of farming communities, gender roles and participation in agriculture, access to markets and value chains, nutritional status of communities, and the quality of food produced. Each of these issues requires careful consideration and integrated strategies for improvement. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach that includes improving access to resources for women, enhancing market infrastructure, promoting sustainable agricultural methods, and ensuring that farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists receive fair compensation for their products. Sustainable development initiatives that engage both men and women, focus on market access and value chain improvements, and enhance food security through diverse agricultural practices are essential to transforming the Ethiopian food system and supporting farming communities effectively. Livelihoods and income of farming communities: Many Ethiopian farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists rely on subsistence agriculture, which often yields limited income. Vulnerability to climatic shocks, such as droughts and floods, exacerbates poverty levels. The predominance of mono-cropping reduces resilience to market fluctuations and climate variability, limiting income-generating opportunities. High costs of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides can deter farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists from adopting better practices, leading to low productivity and stagnant incomes. Gender roles and participation in agriculture: Despite women playing a crucial role in agriculture, they often have limited access to land, credit and extension services. This restricts their ability to participate fully and benefit from agricultural activities. Gender roles and societal norms can limit women’s decision-making power within households and rural communities, affecting their ability to take on leadership positions or entrepreneurial roles. Women frequently carry a disproportionate burden of unpaid labour, which can detract from their ability to engage in income-generating agricultural activities or training. Access to markets and value chains: Limited road access, inadequate storage facilities and insufficient market information hinder farmers’ ability to reach markets and sell their products at fair prices. Many farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists lack access to crucial information about market prices and demand, which can lead to exploitation by middlemen and low- income returns. Low-value addition due to inadequate processing capacity and limited access to quality supply chains reduces the profitability of agricultural products. 13 Nutritional status of communities: A combination of low agricultural productivity, seasonal variations and market constraints contributes to chronic food insecurity, undermining nutritional status. High rates of malnutrition, particularly among children and pregnant women, are compounded by limited dietary diversity and poor access to nutrient- rich foods. Nutritional deficiencies can have long-term health implications, hampering physical and cognitive development and leading to increased healthcare costs. Impact of current agricultural practices on food quality: The reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides can diminish soil quality over time and pose health risks to consumers through residues in food. While some traditional agricultural practices are sustainable, reliance on outdated methods can lead to lower yields and compromised food quality. Current agricultural practices may not be resilient to climate change, affecting crop quality and quantity. Adoption of climate-smart agriculture is necessary, but often faces resistance due to a lack of knowledge and resources. 2.2 PESTEL, SWOT and stakeholder analyses 2.2.1 PESTEL analysis A PESTEL (Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Environmental and Legal) analysis of agroecology in Ethiopia examines the complexities surrounding agricultural practices that integrate ecological principles with traditional and modern farming systems. Agroecology is particularly relevant in Ethiopia due to the country’s heavy reliance on agriculture, diverse ecosystems, and challenges related to food security and climate change. In summary, agroecology in Ethiopia is influenced by a complex interplay of political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal factors. While there are significant opportunities for sustainable agricultural development through agroecology, challenges – including political instability, economic investment, community engagement, technological access, environmental impacts and legal frameworks – must be addressed to enhance the adoption and effectiveness of agroecological practices throughout the country. Political factors: The Government of Ethiopia has recognized the significance of agricultural innovation and sustainability, and the need for implementing policies that promote agroecological practices to enhance food security, improve livelihoods and encourage rural development. However, the political structure, based on ethnic federalism, influences the implementation of these practices across various regions, depending on local governance and community priorities. Various international organizations and NGOs are actively involved in promoting agroecology in Ethiopia, offering funding and technical assistance that can shape national policies and practices. Despite these efforts, political instability and enforced conflicts – particularly those stemming from civil unrest and border disputes – can disrupt agricultural systems and hinder the effective implementation of agroecological practices, ultimately impacting food security and local economies. Economic factors: Agriculture plays a crucial role in Ethiopia’s GDP and employment, and agroecology presents a sustainable alternative that can enhance productivity while reducing reliance on external chemical inputs. Improving market access for smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists is key to realizing the economic potential of agroecological systems, as it can create incentives for adopting such practices. However, limited access to funding for small- scale farmers, and the absence of price incentives for agroecological products remain barriers for the adoption of agroecological methods. Therefore, government and international investments are essential in providing the necessary resources to promote agroecology. Additionally, agroecology fosters 14 practices that bolster resilience to climate change, which is increasingly pertinent as Ethiopia encounters climate variability that affects agricultural productivity. Sociocultural factors: Ethiopia has a rich history of traditional agricultural practices that align closely with agroecological principles and function in harmony with nature. These practices hold cultural significance and can be effectively integrated into modern agroecological systems. Successful agroecological initiatives frequently engage local communities in decision-making processes, fostering a sense of ownership that enhances the likelihood of success. There is a growing awareness of the importance of food sovereignty and security, which aligns with agroecological principles aimed at strengthening local food systems. Furthermore, increasing awareness and education on sustainable farming practices is essential for shifting societal attitudes towards agroecology among farming communities, facilitating a transition to more sustainable agricultural production systems. Table 1. SWOT analysis for agroecology in Ethiopia Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Rich biodiversity: Ethiopia’s diverse ecosystems and varied climates allow for a range of agroecological practices and crop diversity, improving biodiversity, resilience and productivity. Traditional/local knowledge: Many Ethiopian farmers/ pastoralists/agro- pastoralists have deep- rooted knowledge in organic traditional farming practices that align well with agroecological principles, promoting sustainable farming and resource management. Limited awareness, training and extension service: Farmers/pastoralists/ agro-pastoralists often lack formal training or awareness of agroecological techniques, limiting their adoption. Low investment and infrastructure: Ethiopia’s agricultural infrastructure, including storage, transportation and markets, is underdeveloped, limiting the scale- up of agroecological products. Growing demand for organic products: There is increasing global and domestic demand for agroecologically produced agricultural products, which agroecology can provide. Support from international and local organizations: Development partners/NGOs and certain government initiatives are increasingly supporting sustainable agriculture in Ethiopia, providing funding, research and advocacy for agroecology. Climate vulnerability: While agroecology improves resilience, extreme climate events (such as droughts, floods, rising temperatures, frost etc.) can severely impact productivity, especially in the early adoption stages. Policy and market barriers: Ethiopian agricultural policies rarely support price incentives and special market access to agroecological products. Land degradation and soil erosion: Calamities in land degradation and soil erosion can make agroecological efforts less productive, discouraging producers. continue to next page 15 Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Ensure resource efficiency: Agroecology promotes practices that improve soil health and water retention, addressing resource scarcity issues in regions facing drought. Climate adaptability: Agroecological systems can improve resilience to climate change impacts, which is crucial for a country facing increased weather variability. Community involvement: These practices often involve local communities in decision making, fostering social cohesion, and empowering farmer knowledge systems. Diversity-based smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists: A large majority of Ethiopian agriculture is dominated by smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists who often practice subsistence family farming. This allows for the integration of agroecological practices at a local scale. Yield gaps: Initial yields under agroecological practices can be lower compared to conventional methods, which can deter farmers/ pastoralists/ agro- pastoralists focused on short-term economic gains, compromising long-term ecosystem benefits. Dependency on external inputs: Some Ethiopian producers still rely heavily on external chemical fertilizers and pesticides, making the transition to agroecology challenging. Limited access to resources: Smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists may have limited access to essential resources such as credit, quality seeds, markets and appropriate agricultural inputs for agroecology transition. Scant education, research and training: There is often insufficient formal training, education and research on agroecological practices. Climate change funding: International funds are available for projects that mitigate climate change impacts, a major focus in agroecological practices. Growing digital platforms supporting knowledge sharing and market linkage: Successful pilot projects and farmer networks can share practices that make agroecology more accessible. Government policies: Shifts in government policy towards sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture could create a favourable environment for agroecology. Youth engagement: Involving the youth in agriculture and agroecology can revitalize interest in sustainable farming and local innovation. Population pressure: High population growth and land fragmentation can lead to unsustainable land-use pressures, complicating the adoption of agroecology. Unplanned urbanization: Reduction of cultivable lands due to expansion of built-up areas. Market dynamics: Fluctuations in market prices and competition with industrial agriculture (without price differentiation) can threaten the viability of agroecological farms. Migration: Rural- urban migration could present a challenge for the retention of youth in traditional agriculture. Table 1. Continue continue to next page 16 Table 2. List of stakeholders, their roles, interests and power Stakeholder Role Interests Influence/ Power Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) Leads policy formulation, agricultural extension, and national agroecology programmes; Promotes sustainable farming systems High High Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Regulates environmental governance, climate adaptation/mitigation, and biodiversity conservation High High Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) Produces evidence and safeguards genetic resources, local seeds and local knowledge High High Ministry of Planning and Development (MoPD) Plays a central coordinating role and ensures NAES alignment with national medium- and long-term development plans High High Regional Agricultural Bureaus (zone, district and kebele-level agriculture offices) Implement national agroecology policies through extension and local programmes High High Agricultural universities/colleges Train experts, conduct agroecology research and innovate sustainable agriculture curricula High Low continue to next page Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Integrated farming systems: Many farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists use integrated farming systems, which promote crop- livestock interactions and contribute to soil health and ecosystem services. Availability of scientific evidence on the importance of agroecology for sustainable food systems. Policy and institutional support: Weak coherence among sectoral policies and institutional frameworks that support agroecological practices can limit their implementation and dissemination. Absence of clear land use and wetland policies: This hinders integrated land management and the sustainable implementation of agroecological principles. Local and traditional knowledge: This provides a strong foundation for implementing agroecology principles, as they embody centuries of experience in managing diverse ecosystems. Table 1. Continue 17 Stakeholder Role Interests Influence/ Power Agricultural research institutes (EIAR, Forest Research Institute, RRIs) Conduct research and develop agroecological technologies, biofertilizers, improved varieties and agroforestry models High High Some government ministries (finance, planning, health, education) Support agroecology policy and alignment Low High Local NGOs and civil society organizations Implement community agroecology, train farmers, and enhance local knowledge High Low International NGOs Support sustainable agriculture, climate adaptation and farmer capacity building as well as promoting agroecological practices High Low International research organizations Conduct research and agroecology evaluations, landscape restoration research, and provide evidence High High Farmers’ cooperatives Organize smallholders, provide seeds, inputs, markets and training High High Smallholder farmers/ agro-pastoralists/ pastoralists Primary implementers responsible for applying sustainable practices and managing biodiversity, soil, water, livestock and landscapes High Low Local and traditional knowledge holders Provide Indigenous practices for soil, seed, water, grazing and pest management High Low Agroecological enterprises Supply organic inputs, compost, bio-fertilizers; conduct eco-friendly production Low High Food processing companies Create market demand for agroecological produce Low High International development agencies Provide funding and technical support for agroecology programmes High High Bilateral and multilateral aid organizations Support capacity building, ecosystem restoration and policy development Moderate High Agroecology-focused networks Coordinate actors; facilitate knowledge- sharing; advocate for agroecology High Moderate/ low Professional associations Provide scientific expertise (soil science, ecology, plant sciences) High Low Consumer cooperatives Create demand for agroecological products; link farmers to urban markets High Low Food advocacy groups Promote food sovereignty, sustainability and rights-based food systems Moderate/ high Low Media Promote agroecology strategy and education High Low/ Moderate Table 2. Continue 18 Technological factors: Developing and promoting agroecological techniques, such as intercropping, agroforestry and organic farming, can significantly enhance productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Investment in agricultural research focused on agroecology is crucial, as it can yield region-specific innovations that improve adaptation to local conditions. The rise of digital technology in agriculture offers opportunities to facilitate better agroecological practices, including enhanced data collection for monitoring and improved communication among farming communities. However, despite these advancements, limited access to appropriate agricultural technology and resources in rural areas can impede the effective implementation of agroecological practices, highlighting the need for targeted investments and support for all communities (farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists). Environmental factors: Agroecology aims to enhance biodiversity, which is particularly critical in Ethiopia, given its diverse agro-ecosystems. Practices that promote biodiversity can help maintain ecological balance and resilience in the face of environmental changes. Furthermore, agroecological practices emphasize improving soil health through the use of organic inputs and regenerative methods, effectively addressing issues of soil erosion and fertility loss that are prevalent in the country. Sustainable water management practices within agroecology can also play a vital role in mitigating the effects of droughts and floods, which are increasingly common in Ethiopia. By implementing such practices, farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists can better cope with variable climatic conditions. Additionally, agroecology provides strategies to adapt to and mitigate climate change, making it essential for ensuring food security and protecting natural resources. Overall, the integration of these agroecological principles offers a pathway towards a more resilient and sustainable agricultural future in Ethiopia. Legal factors: State control over land ownership in Ethiopia can pose significant challenges for implementing agroecological practices, as farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists may face restrictions on land use that limit their ability to adopt diverse and sustainable farming and invest in long-term land improvement measures. Ethiopia’s lack of wetland policy also fuels uncontrolled conversion, which destroys essential ecosystem services like water filtration, flood control and soil enrichment. This directly destabilizes agroecology, making sustainable farming vulnerable to drought and fertility loss. Moreover, current agricultural policies often favour conventional farming methods, which may hinder the effective support and promotion of agroecological practices. This necessitates urgent reform to create an enabling environment for scaling agroecological approaches. Another critical challenge is the lack of clear national standards for organic products, which can adversely affect pricing and market access for goods produced through agroecological methods. This limitation hinders farmers’ ability to capitalize on the growing organic markets, reducing their potential income and incentives to shift towards sustainable practices. On the positive side, establishing strong legal frameworks to preserve local/ traditional knowledge and crop varieties can significantly bolster the agroecological movement. Such frameworks not only protect farmers’ rights and sustainable traditional practices, but also safeguard against bio- piracy, ensuring that local communities retain ownership and control over their agricultural heritage. By addressing these challenges and leveraging existing opportunities, Ethiopia can advance its agroecological agenda and contribute to a more sustainable and equitable agricultural future. 19 2.2.2 SWOT analysis Agroecology has strong potential to enhance sustainability and resilience in Ethiopian agriculture, leveraging local knowledge, biodiversity and resilience-building practices. However, its success depends on addressing knowledge gaps, improving infrastructure, and developing supportive policies and market access to scale up adoption effectively. A SWOT analysis provides a structured overview of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to implementing agroecological practices within the country’s agricultural sector. 2.2.3 Stakeholder analysis Mapping key stakeholders related to agroecology in Ethiopia involves identifying the various groups and organizations that play a significant role in promoting and implementing agroecological practices. Engagement among these stakeholders is essential for advancing agroecology in Ethiopia, fostering a collaborative approach to building sustainable agricultural systems that support food security, environmental health and food sovereignty. Agroecology in Ethiopia involves a diverse network of actors who influence policy, research, implementation and market systems. Their collaboration is essential for advancing sustainable agriculture, food sovereignty, ecosystem health and climate resilience. Key stakeholders in agroecology, their roles, interests and power, are indicated as follows. 2.3 Existing policy, strategy frameworks and programmes Scaling agroecological practices requires supportive policies and strategies that create an enabling environment for farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, researchers and value chain actors. Such frameworks can align national priorities with sustainable development goals, incentivize eco- friendly practices, strengthen institutional coordination, and ensure inclusive participation of communities. Investing in agroecology-focused policies is essential for transforming Ethiopia’s food system into one that is sustainable, resilient and capable of meeting present and future needs. 2.3.1 Existing national policies and regulations Over the past two decades, the Government of Ethiopia has pursued several policies, strategies and programmes aimed at transforming the food system, focusing on productivity, commercialization and achieving food security. Agriculture and Rural Development Policy The Agriculture and Rural Development policy was launched in 2016 Ethiopian calendar (2024 GC) with the following key objectives: ■ Ensuring rapid and continuous growth in agricultural production and productivity; ■ Contributing significantly to ensuring national food and nutrition security and food sovereignty; ■ Commercializing and modernizing agriculture to be self-sufficient for industrial inputs and export extra products; ■ Enhancing sustainable use of natural resources by improving development and conservation; ■ Meeting the national demand for forest products by increasing forest development and sustainable utilization; ■ Providing ecologically safe and economically viable agricultural development, minimizing exposure to the effects of climate and other natural events, thereby building resilience; ■ Expanding economic and social infrastructure in rural areas, ensuring the transition, and changing the lifestyle of the rural population. 20 Land Management and Administration Policy Ethiopia’s land management and administration policy is critical to the country’s socioeconomic development, as land is a vital resource for agriculture and livelihoods, and is a limited natural resource that requires wise management. Under the current constitution, all land in Ethiopia is publicly owned, with the state and the people as the ultimate owners. This system prevents private land ownership, though individuals or communities can obtain land-use rights. The policy grants land-use rights to individuals and communities, which can be transferred, inherited or leased, but cannot be sold. This is aimed at ensuring equitable access while preventing land speculation. The Government of Ethiopia has moved towards decentralizing land administration, allowing regional states to tailor land policies according to their specific socioeconomic contexts. This includes regional land administration offices that manage land allocation, use and registration. The government has implemented land registration and certification programmes to enhance the security of tenure for landholders. Notably, these programmes have focused on issuing certificates to rural households, which helps to reduce land disputes and encourages investment. These highlights reflect Ethiopia’s efforts to manage land in a way that supports economic development, social equity and environmental sustainability while navigating the complexities and challenges inherent in land governance. Environmental Policy The formulation of Ethiopia’s first environmental policy in 1997 marked a significant shift. This policy emphasized the need for sustainable land and water management, incorporating community involvement and integrated approaches. The main objectives of the policy include: ■ Sustaining essential ecological processes, preserve biodiversity, and maintain renewable resource capabilities; ■ Extending benefits from non-renewable resource exploitation into the future while minimizing negative impacts on other resources; ■ Developing underutilized natural resources through new technologies and innovative applications; ■ Integrating the full economic, social and environmental costs and benefits of resource development into planning and decision making; ■ Improving human settlements to meet the diverse needs of inhabitants sustainably; ■ Preventing pollution of land, air and water cost- effectively; ■ Conserving and sustainably managing Ethiopia’s cultural heritage; ■ Empowering and involving communities in environmental management; ■ Increasing public awareness of the connections between the environment and development. Ethiopian Water Resource Management Policy The Ethiopian Water Resource Management Policy was developed in 2001 with the overall goal of enhancing and promoting all national efforts towards the efficient, equitable and optimum utilization of the available water resources of Ethiopia for significant socioeconomic development on a sustainable basis. This policy had the following key objectives: ■ Developing the water resources of the country for the economic and social benefit of the people, on an equitable and sustainable basis; ■ Allocating and apportioning water, based on comprehensive and integrated plans and optimum allocation principles that incorporate efficiency of use, equity of access, and sustainability of the resource; ■ Managing and combating drought as well as other disasters associated with delayed- onset and/or early withdrawal of the rains through inter alia, efficient allocation, redistribution, transfer, storage and use of water resources; 21 ■ Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention, rehabilitation and other practical measures; Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall aquatic environment on a sustainable basis. National Livestock and Fisheries Extension Strategy and Roadmap This livestock and fisheries extension strategy has been designed to create a sustainable and thriving livestock and fisheries sector, empowered by efficient and effective extension services, driving economic growth, food security and improved livelihoods. The strategy has four pillars to target improvement across policy and governance, human capacity, content, and delivery mode of livestock and fisheries extension services. Ethiopian Seed Law In 2013, the Government of Ethiopia adopted a new seed law, Seed Proclamation 782/2013, repealing the previous Seed Proclamation 206/2000. The Seed Proclamation 782/2013 remains the current seed legislation in Ethiopia and is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture. This revised seed law provides for certain provisions towards the safeguarding of farmers’ rights. Article 3, which provides for the scope of application, provides the following exceptions: a) the use of farm-saved seed by any person; b) the exchange or sale of farm-saved seed among smallholder farmers, pastoralists or agro-pastoralists; c) seed to be used for research purposes; and d) forestry seed. Regarding the first exception, ‘use’ is not defined in the Proclamation, and the ordinary meaning of the verb use has to be ascribed here, to include: take, hold or deploy (something) as a means of accomplishing or achieving something; to employ. The current seed law of 2013 provides for much wider safeguards for the possible realization of farmers’ rights than its predecessor, which it replaced. In this revised seed law, specific references are made to small-scale farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, as compared with the previous legislation of 2000. The Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) Launched in 2010, the AGP has aimed to increase agricultural productivity and market access for smallholders in high-potential areas. According to Berhane et al. (2017), the AGP has had a positive impact on agricultural yields, but its reach is limited, and more investment is needed to address the needs of low-potential areas and marginalized regions. Climate Resilience and Green Economy (CRGE) Ethiopia’s Climate Resilience and Green Economy (CRGE) strategy is a comprehensive framework aimed at promoting sustainable development while addressing the challenges posed by climate change. The primary aim of the CRGE strategy is for Ethiopia to achieve middle-income status by 2025 while simultaneously building a climate- resilient economy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The vision is to create a green economy that supports sustainable development, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. Ethiopian Strategic Investment Framework for sustainable land management The Ethiopian Strategic Investment Framework (ESIF) for sustainable land management was developed in 2010 to address the issue of land degradation using improved sustainable land management practices at both local and regional levels. The ESIF offers a collaborative strategy for government and civil society to address barriers to sustainable land management (SLM) in Ethiopia. Previous efforts have inadequately tackled the multi- dimensional issue of land degradation. The ESIF promotes a multi-sectoral partnership 22 approach, encouraging stakeholders to align their investments to restore and enhance Ethiopia’s natural ecosystems, ultimately aiming to alleviate rural poverty. Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) The PSNP, established in 2005, is a major social protection programme designed to improve food security for the most vulnerable households. It provides cash and food transfers to millions of needy rural Ethiopians affected by chronic food insecurity (Hoddinott et al., 2012). While the PSNP has reduced food insecurity and improved household resilience, further reforms are needed to ensure sustainability in the face of recurrent and growing climate risks (Gilligan et al., 2009). Growth and transformation plans (GTPs) Under the Growth and Transformation Plans (GTP I and II), the Government of Ethiopia sought to industrialize agriculture, improve infrastructure and promote agro-processing. While some success has been achieved in increasing crop production, the challenge of scaling up these initiatives to benefit all smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists remains a challenge to be addressed (Bachewe et al., 201b). Vision 2030: Transforming Ethiopian Food Systems The Ethiopian food system transformation (Vision 2030) centres on transforming the food system for access to safe, nutritious food while preserving natural resources and biodiversity. The food system strategy addresses availability, sustainable consumption, agri-policy integration, digital innovation, market access, risk management and rural infrastructure. More importantly, agroecology needs to be prioritized for producing a healthy diet locally as it offers both a science and a practice for transforming food systems to be more sustainable, equitable and resilient. Pastoral Development Policy and Strategy The Pastoral Development Policy and Strategy was approved by the Council of Ministers in October 2020 and emphasizes the sustainable management of rangelands, livelihood diversification, and improved resilience of pastoral communities. The policy promotes community-based natural resource management, participatory planning, and the integration of Indigenous knowledge in rangeland and livestock management, reflecting agroecology’s focus on local context and ecological balance. It encourages mobility and rotational grazing as adaptive ecological practices that sustain soil fertility and biodiversity, while supporting livelihood diversification through crop-livestock integration and value addition to enhance socioeconomic resilience. By prioritizing ecosystem health, social equity and adaptive management, the pastoral development strategy serves as a foundation for advancing agroecological transitions in Ethiopia’s dryland and semi-arid regions. 2.3.2 Global and regional policy frameworks Global and regional policy frameworks increasingly align with the principles of agroecology, promoting sustainable, inclusive and resilient food systems. Some of the major ones are: The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), emphasize sustainable agriculture, biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management, directly supporting agroecological approaches. The UN Food System Strategy: The UN Food Systems approach aligns with Ethiopia’s Agroecology Strategy by promoting sustainable, resilient and inclusive food 23 production and consumption patterns, emphasizing ecosystem-based practices, biodiversity conservation and local knowledge integration. Both frameworks prioritize strengthening smallholder livelihoods, enhancing soil and water health, reducing food loss, and fostering circular and regenerative practices, creating coherence between global food system goals and national agroecology principles. The African Union’s Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the African Union Agenda 2063: Both advocate for climate-smart, sustainable and inclusive agricultural development, which resonates with agroecology’s focus on ecological balance, local knowledge and resource efficiency. 2.3.3 Non-governmental organizations Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in promoting agroecology in Ethiopia by providing technical assistance, training and resources to farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and communities. They help the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices that enhance food security, improve biodiversity, and promote ecological balance. NGOs often facilitate knowledge-sharing and capacity-building initiatives, educating farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists about agroecological methods such as crop rotation, intercropping and organic farming. Additionally, they advocate for policy changes that support sustainable agricultural practices and engage in community-based projects that empower local farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, including youth, women and persons with disabilities (PWDs). By fostering partnerships with local communities and stakeholders, NGOs contribute significantly to the adoption and scaling of agroecological practices throughout the country. 2.3.4 Research and extension services availability Research and extension services in Ethiopia are pivotal in promoting agroecology, providing farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists with the necessary knowledge and support to adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Various research institutions, including the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and universities, are engaged in agroecological research. They focus on developing and disseminating sustainable farming practices that enhance productivity while protecting the environment. Moreover, research efforts often emphasize the importance of local/traditional knowledge, local crops and diverse agroecological systems, exploring how these can be integrated into modern farming practices. The Government of Ethiopia, alongside NGOs and international organizations, has established extension services aimed at providing on-the-ground support to farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. These services include training programmes that educate farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists about agroecological principles, such as biodiversity conservation, organic farming and soil health management. Extension workers often collaborate with farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists through demonstration plots to showcase successful agroecological techniques, making it easier for farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists to learn and adopt locally suited agroecological practices. 2.3.5 Education and training programmes The status of agroecology within Ethiopia’s education system reflects a growing awareness and integration of sustainable agricultural practices into curricula and training programmes. Some universities and colleges in Ethiopia (for example, 24 Haramaya University) have begun to incorporate agroecology principles into their agricultural science programmes. This includes coursework on sustainable farming practices, organic agriculture and ecosystem management. Training programmes for extension agents focus on enhancing their understanding of agroecology so that they can effectively convey this knowledge to farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. This includes topics like integrated pest management (IPM), agroforestry, and soil and water conservation techniques. Farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists are often trained in participatory approaches that encourage them to share their own knowledge and experiences, fostering innovation by local communities. 2.3.6 Aligning national agroecology strategy with other strategies and policies The NAES provides a unifying framework for transforming Ethiopia’s food and agriculture systems towards sustainability, climate resilience and nutrition security. Its principles such as ecological farming, community participation, diversified production, recycling and circular economy would be directly complemented with the following major national policies and programmes. ■ Natural resource management and climate action: NAES reinforces the Sustainable Land Management Programme, Resilient Landscapes and Livelihoods Programme, ESIF, National Drylands Restoration Strategy, Green Legacy Initiative, and National REDD+ Strategy by promoting soil health, forest restoration, and low-emission farming. ■ Water and landscape governance: It supports the Water Resource Management Policy, Community Watersheds Proclamation, and Early- Warning Roadmaps through integrated watershed management and climate- smart water use. ■ Agriculture and food systems: NAES aligns with the National Seed Law, Cluster Farming Approach, Digital Agriculture Roadmap, National Agricultural Investment Plan, Dairy Development Strategy, Feed Resource Strategy, and Food Systems Resilience Programme by encouraging farmer-led seed systems, food processing, diversified markets, and innovation for nutrition and income. ■ Health, nutrition and social protection: Synergies exist with the Ethiopian Food and Nutrition Policy, Seqota Declaration, National Food Fortification Initiative, the Ethiopian Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, and community-based health insurance by fostering diverse, nutrient-rich diets and resilient rural livelihoods. ■ Economic transformation and development planning: The strategy complements the 10-Year Development Plan, Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda, Vision 2030, and LT-LEDS by linking agroecology to green growth, low-carbon development and inclusive economic pathways. By integrating these initiatives under a shared agroecological vision, Ethiopia can coordinate investments, avoid duplication and accelerate progress towards resilient landscapes, sustainable food systems and national climate commitments. Key national strategies and initiatives that can be aligned with the National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) of Ethiopia are: 1. Agricultural Commercialization Cluster (ACC) Initiative and Farmers Production Cluster (FPC) 2. Agricultural Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) 3. Bounty of the Basket (Yelemat Turufat) Initiative 4. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Roadmap 5. Community Watersheds Development, Management, and Utilization Proclamation 25 6. Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) 7. Digital Agriculture Roadmap (2025–2032) 8. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 9. Ethiopia’s National Agricultural Investment Plan (NAIP) 2021–2030 10. Ethiopian Fertilizer and Soil Health Roadmap 11. Ethiopian Food and Nutrition Policy 12. Ethiopian Meteorology Institute-Early Warning Systems 13. Ethiopian National Drylands Restoration Strategy 14. Ethiopian National Agroforestry Development Strategy (2026–2035) 15. Ethiopian National Dairy Development Strategy (2022–2031) 16. Ethiopian National Dry Lands Restoration Strategy 17. Ethiopian Seed Law 18. Ethiopian Strategic Investment Framework for Sustainable Land Management (ESIF) 19. Ethiopian Water Resource Management Policy 20. Food Systems Resilience Programme (FSRP) 21. Forest Development, Protection, and Utilization Policy 22. Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) 23. Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda: A Pathway to Prosperity 24. Lowland Livelihood Resilience Project LLRP) 25. Multi-Hazard, Impact-Based Early Warning Roadmap (2023–2030) 26. National Feed Resource Development Strategy 27. National Food Fortification Initiative 28. National Livestock and Fisheries Extension Strategy and Roadmap (2023–2033) 29. National Market Information System (NMIS) 30. National REDD+ Investment Plan 31. National REDD+ Strategy (2016–2030) 32. Participatory Agriculture and Climate Transformation Programme (PACT) 33. Participatory Rangeland Management (PRM) Initiative 34. Pastoral Development Policy and Strategy (2020) 35. Resilient Landscapes and Livelihoods Programme 36. Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation 37. Seqota Declaration 38. Sustainable Land Management Programme 39. The 10-Year Development Plan of Ethiopia (2021–2030) 40. The Long-Term – Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) 41. Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2021) 42. Vision 2030: Transforming Ethiopian Food Systems 26 3.1 Goal, vision and mission Overall goal The overall goal is to transform Ethiopia’s food systems through agroecology, fostering sustainable farming, resilient ecosystems, empowered communities and inclusive access to resources, thereby securing nutrition, food sovereignty and prosperity for all. Vision By 2040, Ethiopia will have a transformative agroecological system that promotes sustainable farming, empowers communities, restores ecosystems, strengthens climate resilience, and ensures equitable access to food, nutrition and resources for all. Mission To promote a comprehensive agroecological framework that enhances environmentally sustainable farming practices, transforms livelihoods, and fosters gender and social inclusion and empowerment. This will involve collaboration among farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, researchers, policymakers and stakeholders to enhance agricultural production, restore ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, adapt to climate change, and ensure food sovereignty and nutritional security for all Ethiopians. 3.2 Theory of change This theory of change outlines how Ethiopia can transition towards a resilient, sustainable and equitable food system through the scaling of agroecological approaches (See Figure 2). The pathway begins with key inputs and enablers, including strong government leadership and policy alignment, effective technical and financial partnerships, robust research and innovation systems, inclusive community participation, and access to climate finance and public-private partnerships. These are underpinned by 3 Strategic framework © M u lu g et a M ok ri a/ C IF O R -I C R A F 27 critical assumptions, notably sustained political commitment, adequate resource mobilization, growing market demand and effective institutional coordination. Through targeted key activities – such as participatory landscape and farming systems assessments, development of training materials and digital advisory tools, strengthening research-extension-education linkages, integrating traditional knowledge, and improving access to climate finance – tangible outputs are generated. These include the adoption of sustainable practices and technologies, enhanced knowledge and capacity, strengthened markets and value chains, improved policy and governance frameworks, greater social inclusion and empowerment, and promotion of sustainable consumption and diets. By 2030, these outputs contribute to intermediate outcomes, including widespread adoption of sustainable and climate-smart farming practices, stronger local and regional agroecological value chains, increased consumer awareness and demand for healthy local foods, supportive policy and financing frameworks, and shifts towards sustainable consumption and diets. Over the long term (by 2040), these changes lead to transformative outcomes: restored ecosystems and improved biodiversity, enhanced climate resilience of agricultural systems and communities, improved food and nutrition security, diversified and inclusive economic empowerment – especially for women and youth – and a strengthened knowledge, innovation and governance ecosystem that institutionalizes agroecology Figure 2. Theory of change for the NAES 27 28 across national policies and programmes. Collectively, these outcomes deliver the intended impact of a food system that restores ecosystems, enhances livelihoods and ensures nutritious food for all Ethiopians. 3.3 Strategic objectives The strategic objectives (SOs) collectively aim to foster a more sustainable, resilient and productive agricultural system in Ethiopia, benefiting all communities, the environment and broader society. The following key strategic objectives were developed based on the agricultural food system challenges in Ethiopia: 1. Promote sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies 2. Enhance knowledge, research and capacity for agroecological innovation and extension services 3. Support market system development 4. Create an enabling environment for policy and governance 5. Strengthen social inclusion and empowerment 6. Promote sustainable consumption and healthy diets 3.4 Strategic areas of focus Strategic Objective 1. Promote sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies Sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies in Ethiopia emphasize building a farming system that enhances productivity while maintaining ecological balance, supporting livelihoods and withstanding climate shocks. Agroecology directly supports this objective by promoting practices that integrate ecological principles into agriculture. These include crop diversification, intercropping, agroforestry, conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility management and integrated pest management. In Ethiopia, where agriculture is highly vulnerable to land degradation, erratic rainfall and acute climate variability, agroecological approaches are not merely beneficial options, but also the indispensable, most reliable pathway to securing resilience, fundamentally rebuilding the environmental and economic base by radically improving soil health, conserving water, dramatically enhancing agro-biodiversity, and reducing dependence on external inputs. They also empower smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists through knowledge- intensive, locally adapted innovations rather than resource-intensive technologies that are beyond the reach of smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists. By deploying this strategic objective, agroecology contributes to sustainable food production, long-term productivity and climate adaptation, ensuring that farming systems remain viable and profitable for the present and future generations in Ethiopia. Key strategic focus areas under this strategic objective include: 1. Promoting sustainable soil health and fertility management technologies and practices; 2. Promoting climate adaptation and mitigation technologies, information services, and capacities; 3. Promoting integrated pest management (IPM); 4. Strengthening the seed system; 5. Enhancing and promoting conservation and use of locally adapted farmer- managed seed and livestock breeds; 6. Promoting crop-livestock integration farming systems; 7. Promoting integrated landscape restoration and conservation; 8. Promoting eco-friendly and adaptable mechanization technologies and innovations. 29 Strategic Objective 2. Enhance knowledge, research and capacity for agroecological innovative and extension services Knowledge, research and capacity development for AE-innovations services extension focuses on generating, sharing and applying context-specific knowledge to advance agroecological transformation in Ethiopia. Agroecology thrives on locally adapted innovations that integrate traditional knowledge with scientific research. Strengthening research on agroecological practices such as soil fertility management, biodiversity conservation and climate-resilient cropping systems helps to generate solutions that are evidence-based and tailored to Ethiopia’s diverse agroecological zones and localities. Capacity development is central, equipping farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, extension agents and institutions with the necessary skills to implement and scale agroecological innovations. This includes participatory research, farmer field schools and digital advisory tools that promote peer- to-peer learning. By enhancing knowledge systems and extension services, Ethiopia can accelerate the adoption of sustainable practices, improve production, and build resilience to climate change through the following strategic focus areas. 1. Ensuring integration of local/traditional knowledge and science-based agroecological innovations; 2. Demand-driven capacity development AE- innovations; 3. Establishing partnerships and linkages among key actors working in agroecological innovations; 4. Participatory research, co-creation of innovation for AE-advisory services extension; 5. Developing digital dissemination channels/hubs to meet local language requirements for AE-advisory (human- centred design/ HCD); 6. Accelerating digital climate information services (CIS) to support AE innovations; 7. Ensuring AE innovations’ institutionalization, scaling and sustainability within AE communities of practice (CoPs); 8. Developing capacity among national research, education and extension systems to co-create knowledge and skills on agroecological research, innovations and practices. Strategic Objective 3. Support market system development Market system development within the context of agroecology in Ethiopia should focus on creating fair, sustainable and inclusive market systems that support agroecological products and practices. Agroecology emphasizes not just production, but also equitable access to markets that reward environmentally friendly farming. Strengthening value chains for agroecological produce such as organic coffee, honey, pulses and local/traditional crops can increase farmer incomes while promoting biodiversity and climate resilience. Developing these markets involves building infrastructure for storage and transport, establishing quality standards and certifications (e.g., organic or fair-trade), improving market information systems, and linking smallholder farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists to domestic and export markets. By fostering partnerships among producers, cooperatives, processors and buyers, Ethiopia can enhance demand for agroecological products, reduce post-harvest losses, and ensure that value addition benefits local communities adopting AE practices. Four focus areas of this strategic objective include: 1. Improving farmer access to sustainable inputs and markets; 2. Investing in market infrastructure, including rural collection centres, cold storage and local processing units; 30 3. Facilitating links between agroecological producers, processors, retailers and institutional buyers; 4. Promoting local processing, packaging and eco-labelling that increase product value and traceability. Strategic Objective 4. Create an enabling environment for policy and governance Creating enabling environments for policy and governance is about establishing supportive laws, policies and institutional frameworks that facilitate the transition to agroecological farming in Ethiopia. Agroecology requires coherent policies that integrate sustainable land management, biodiversity conservation, climate adaptation and inclusive rural development. This necessitates a comprehensive and urgent recalibration of agricultural, environmental, trade and food security policies aimed at systematically dismantling barriers such as perverse subsidies that artificially promote reliance on imported agrochemical inputs, while simultaneously establishing robust incentives that aggressively favour and resource local, knowledge-intensive practices like organic farming, agroforestry and conservation agriculture. Strengthening governance structures ensures multi-stakeholder participation, empowering farmers/pastoralist/agro-pastoralists’ organizations (cooperatives, business/ social/economic groups), CBOs, local legal systems (e.g., the Abbaa Gadaa system) and local communities to shape decisions. It also requires coordination across ministries, research institutions and development partners, as well as accountability mechanisms to monitor progress. An enabling policy and governance environment ensures agroecology moves from isolated projects to a national framework supporting sustainable, resilient and equitable food systems in Ethiopia. Attention shall be given to the following priority areas: 1. Policy enactment, amendment and alignment/integration for the promotion of agroecology (subsidy, land reform, eco certification, tax exemption, etc.); 2. Collaboration among stakeholders for policy coherence and participatory engagement; 3. Monitoring and evaluation of agroecology policies, plans and financing; 4. Inclusive and participatory governance for equitable access to resources and agroecological innovations; 5. Financial mechanisms to support and scale agroecological practices; 6. Bargaining and finance access to farmers’ groups and facilitating access to land, credit and extension for youth and women farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists; 7. Ensuring the right to food and nutrition security and food sovereignty to all citizens. Strategic Objective 5. Strengthen social inclusion and empowerment Strengthening social inclusion and empowerment ensures that agroecology in Ethiopia benefits all segments of society, particularly marginalized groups such as women, youth and local/traditional communities. Agroecology’s participatory approach values local knowledge, promotes equitable access to resources like land, water and credit, and enhances decision-making power at the household and community levels. 31 By empowering women farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists who play key roles in seed systems, food production and household nutrition, agroecology improves livelihoods and food security. Engaging youth in agroecological enterprises (e.g., seed banks, organic input production and value addition) creates jobs and reduces rural unemployment. Social inclusion also strengthens community resilience by fostering collective action, fair benefit-sharing and stronger local institutions. These will be achieved by targeted efforts in the following focus areas: 1. Creating a sustainable and socially inclusive knowledge base integrating agroecology into the curricula of formal and non-formal education systems; 2. Supporting youth-, women-, PWD-, IDP-, PLWHIV-, etc.-led enterprises in agroecological value chains; 3. Creating mentorship programmes for marginalized, minority and vulnerable groups, and establishing peer networks; 4. Addressing challenges and cultural barriers and norms that inhibit marginalized, minority and vulnerable groups, such as women and PWDs etc., from participating and benefiting from agroecology; 5. Embedding social inclusion, including gender equity, in all agroecology policies and institutional frameworks; 6. Strengthening the resilience capacity of marginalized, minority and vulnerable groups, and promoting agroecologically- based sustainability. Strategic Objective 6. Promote sustainable consumption and healthy diets Promotion of sustainable consumption and healthy diets focuses on ensuring that Ethiopians have access to diverse, nutritious and culturally appropriate foods produced in environmentally sustainable ways. Agroecology supports this objective by encouraging diversified farming systems – such as integrating cereals with legumes, fruits, vegetables and livestock – that improve household nutrition while reducing dependence on imported or highly processed foods. In Ethiopia, where malnutrition and diet-related health challenges persist, agroecological approaches enhance dietary diversity, improve food quality, and maintain traditional, nutrient-rich crops like teff, millet and local/traditional vegetables. By linking producers to territorial markets, shortening marketing channels, supporting the value addition of healthy foods and raising consumer awareness, agroecology strengthens both supply and demand for sustainable consumption and healthy diets. This contributes to improved public health, resilient food systems and reduced environmental impacts from food production and consumption. This important strategic objective is achieved through the following four key focus areas: 1. Awareness and advocacy on healthy and sustainable consumption; 2. Agroecology-based home and school gardening; 3. Protection and promotion of healthy local/traditional food cultures; 4. Food waste reduction and food safety. 32 continue to next page Table 3. Summary of outcome indicators with respect to the six SOs Strategic Objective (SO) Number of strategic focus areas (SFAs) Outcome Indicators Number of activities SO 1. Promote sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies 8 1.1. Percentage of farmers adopting improved soil fertility and conservation practices 1.2. Percentage of farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists applying climate-smart practices and technologies in response to climate information 1.3. Percentage reduction in chemical pesticide use among farmers adopting IPM practices 1.4. Number or proportion of farmers accessing quality-certified seeds through formal and informal seed systems 69 1.5. Number of local crop varieties and livestock breeds conserved and actively utilized by farmers 1.6. Percentage of farming households practicing integrated crop-livestock systems with measurable productivity improvements 1.7. Area (hectares) of degraded land restored or under sustainable management 1.8. Percentage of target farmers adopting sustainable, energy-efficient, or locally adaptable mechanization technologies SO 2. Enhance knowledge, research, and capacity for agroecological innovation and extension services 8 2.1. Percentage of AE innovations that incorporate local/traditional knowledge alongside scientific practices 2.2. Number of farmers, pastoralists and extension staff completing demand-driven AE training and applying the skills in practice 2.3. Number of active partnerships or collaborative initiatives established among AE stakeholders 2.4. Number of AE innovations developed through participatory research and co- creation involving farmers and extension staff 38 continue to next page 33Table 3. Summary of outcome indicators with respect to the six SOs Strategic Objective (SO) Number of strategic focus areas (SFAs) Outcome Indicators Number of activities SO 1. Promote sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies 8 1.1. Percentage of farmers adopting improved soil fertility and conservation practices 1.2. Percentage of farmers, pastoralists and agro- pastoralists applying climate-smart practices and technologies in response to climate information 1.3. Percentage reduction in chemical pesticide use among farmers adopting IPM practices 1.4. Number or proportion of farmers accessing quality-certified seeds through formal and informal seed systems 69 1.5. Number of local crop varieties and livestock breeds conserved and actively utilized by farmers 1.6. Percentage of farming households practicing integrated crop-livestock systems with measurable productivity improvements 1.7. Area (hectares) of degraded land restored or under sustainable management 1.8. Percentage of target farmers adopting sustainable, energy-efficient, or locally adaptable mechanization technologies SO 2. Enhance knowledge, research, and capacity for agroecological innovation and extension services 8 2.1. Percentage of AE innovations that incorporate local/traditional knowledge alongside scientific practices 2.2. Number of farmers, pastoralists and extension staff completing demand-driven AE training and applying the skills in practice 2.3. Number of active partnerships or collaborative initiatives established among AE stakeholders 2.4. Number of AE innovations developed through participatory research and co- creation involving farmers and extension staff 38 continue to next page Table 3. Continue Strategic Objective (SO) Number of strategic focus areas (SFAs) Outcome Indicators Number of activities 2.5. Number of digital platforms or hubs providing AE advisory content in local languages, with active user engagement 2.6. Percentage of AE stakeholders regularly accessing and applying climate information services to inform farming decisions 2.7. Number of AE innovations formally adopted and scaled through CoPs with evidence of sustained use 2.8. Number of research, education and extension institutions with staff trained and actively applying AE co-creation methods SO 3. Support market system development 4 3.1. Percentage of farmers with reliable access to sustainable inputs (seeds, organic fertilizers, etc.) and functional market outlets 3.2. Number of functional market infrastructure facilities established or upgraded in target areas 3.3. Number of active market linkages or contractual arrangements between AE producers and buyers 3.4. Percentage of AE products processed, packaged and eco-labelled, with evidence of increased market value or traceability 30 SO 4. Create an enabling environment for policy and governance 7 4.1. Number of agroecology-related policies enacted, amended or aligned to support sustainable practices (e.g., subsidies, land reform, eco-certification, tax incentives) 4.2. Number of multi-stakeholder platforms or forums actively coordinating agroecology policy and programme implementation 4.3. Proportion of agroecology policies and programmes with functional monitoring and evaluation systems in place 4.4. Percentage of marginalized groups (women, youth, PWDs) with equitable access to AE resources and innovations 31 34 Strategic Objective (SO) Number of strategic focus areas (SFAs) Outcome Indicators Number of activities 4.5. Amount of funding disbursed through AE-specific financial mechanisms to farmers, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists 4.6. Number of farmers’ groups accessing land, credit and extension services, disaggregated by youth and women’s participation 4.7. Percentage of households achieving minimum dietary diversity and food security targets in target regions SO 5. Strengthen Social inclusion and empowerment 6 5.1. Number of formal and non-formal education programmes integrating agroecology curricula with inclusive content for marginalized groups 5.2. Number of youth-, women- and vulnerable group-led AE enterprises established or strengthened and generating income 5.3. Number of mentorship programmes or peer networks established and actively supporting marginalized AE stakeholders 5.4. Percentage of targeted marginalized groups reporting improved participation in agroecology programmes 5.5. Number of AE policies and institutional frameworks with explicit provisions for gender equity and social inclusion 5.6. Percentage of marginalized stakeholders adopting AE practices that improve livelihood resilience and sustainability 38 SO 6: Promote sustainable consumption and healthy diets 4 6.1. Percentage of target population demonstrating increased knowledge and adoption of healthy, sustainable consumption practices 6.2. Number of households and schools implementing agroecology-based gardens and producing diverse, nutritious crops 6.3. Number of initiatives or programmes preserving and promoting local/traditional foods and dietary practices in target communities 6.4. Percentage reduction in post-harvest food losses and incidence of foodborne illnesses among participating households or institutions 34 Table 3. Continue continue to next page 35 Successful implementation of the National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) will require the active participation of a wide range of stakeholders in Ethiopia, encompassing both multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary governmental and non-governmental actors operating at the national, regional, zonal, district and kebele levels. These actors, through coordinated actions, will play critical roles in ensuring the strategy’s objectives are achieved. Specifically, they will be responsible for directly implementing several activities under various strategic objectives and focus areas. Coordinating the efforts of various partners is necessary to ensure synergy, avoid duplication, and enhance collective impact. To achieve the desired outcomes, the strategy’s execution will require adequate financial resources and human capital, as well as strong technical support from both the public and private sectors. Mobilizing these resources will be key to ensuring sustainability and long-term success. Moreover, the strategy’s effectiveness will largely depend on the establishment of a robust system for monitoring, evaluation and risk management. Such a system will enable timely tracking of progress, identification of potential challenges, and implementation of appropriate corrective measures. Risk management will also be integrated to anticipate, assess and mitigate potential threats that may hinder implementation. This chapter, therefore, provides detailed guidance on the coordination and implementation arrangements, the financing mechanisms to support strategic actions, a comprehensive risk analysis and mitigation framework, and a structured approach to monitoring and evaluation. It also outlines mechanisms for managing information and knowledge to promote learning and adaptive management, while providing clear provisions for periodic review and updating of the strategy to ensure its continued relevance and responsiveness to emerging needs and priorities. 4 Implementation mechanism © M u lu g et a M ok ri a/ C IF O R -I C R A F 36 4.1 Coordination mechanisms The implementation of the NAES for food system transformation will involve a wide range of stakeholders from both governmental and non-governmental organizations to ensure its effective roll- out and the attainment of its anticipated long-term impacts. On the governmental organizations’ side, participation will encompass ministries, bureaus, departments and offices at the national, regional, zonal, district and kebele levels. These entities will be mandated to integrate agroecology principles and strategic interventions into their sectorial plans and programmes. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), on the other hand, will include private sector associations, development partners and community-based organizations (CBOs), all of whom will contribute resources and technical expertise, and strengthen grassroots implementation capacity. The effective implementation of this strategy will hinge on strong coordination among these diverse actors. This coordination is essential to align their efforts, avoid duplication and maximize the synergy of interventions. At the national level, respective line ministries and agencies will retain full responsibility for fulfilling their assigned mandates in accordance with existing executive orders and legal frameworks. They will also be accountable for internal monitoring, evaluation and reporting on the progress and outcomes of their respective actions in supporting agroecological transitions. At the regional level, bureaus of agriculture, forestry, environment, health, and education collectively will take the lead in operationalizing the strategy. Each will be responsible for developing and implementing specific work plans designed to guide the transition to agroecological practices within their respective sectors and jurisdictions. To ensure high-level coordination and effective oversight of agroecology initiatives, an Agroecology Strategy Implementation Coordination Unit will be established. This unit will bring together key government ministries and institutions to foster collaboration and streamline efforts across sectors. Members will include the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, and the National Agricultural Research System, as well as the Ethiopian Forest Development Authority. Other participating bodies will include the Ministries of Education, Water and Energy, Irrigation and Lowlands, Health, Trade and Regional Integration, Industry, Planning and Development, Labour and Skills, Innovation and Technology, and Women and Social Affairs, along with the Ethiopian Public Health Institute and the Environmental Protection Authority. By engaging this diverse set of stakeholders, the Coordination Unit will provide strategic guidance, ensure policy coherence, and facilitate the successful implementation of agroecological strategies nationwide. In addition, representatives from development partners and the National Farmers’ Association will participate as integral members of the Coordination Unit, ensuring inclusivity and fostering partnerships across all levels of implementation. In expediting an appropriate coordination mechanism among these multiple stakeholders, adhering to optimal policy- stakeholder interactions is critically important. The following summary recommendations are suggested: ■ Harmonize policy instruments: Ensure new strategies align with existing proclamations and guidelines. ■ Multi-stakeholder platforms: Institutionalize CRGE forums at regional/ woreda level. 37 ■ Mandatory stakeholder inclusion: Include marginalized groups by law in environmental assessments and National Adaptation Planning (NAP). ■ Decentralized budgeting: Enable local governments and CBOs to access direct adaptation funds. ■ Build institutional bridges: Appoint climate liaison officers between ministries and stakeholder groups. ■ Capacity building for legal enforcement: Train local officers to enforce environmental laws and protocols. NGOs, research institutions, and education systems play complementary roles in advancing agroecology in Ethiopia. NGOs provide technical assistance, training and resources to promote sustainable practices, strengthen food security, and empower women, youth and persons with disabilities, while also advocating supportive policies. Research institutions and universities generate evidence on sustainable farming systems, local crops and traditional knowledge, which is disseminated through government- led extension services using training and demonstration plots. At the same time, universities and training programmes increasingly integrate agroecology into curricula and extension education, building the human capacity needed to sustain and scale agroecological transitions nationwide. 4.1.1 Coordination at the national level To ensure effective coordination and oversight of agroecology implementation in Ethiopia, a National Technical Committee on Agroecology (NTCA) will be established at the national level, coordinated/led by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). This committee will serve as the central platform for integrating agroecology principles, policies and practices across all relevant sectors, including agriculture, forestry, fisheries, health, education, trade, water and environment. The NTCA will have the following core responsibilities: 1. Oversee and coordinate the implementation of the National Agroecology Strategy for food system transformation across all sectors. 2. Provide strategic guidance and recommendations to line ministries, departments and agencies on key measures required to achieve the strategy’s objectives. 3. Assess implementation progress, consolidate sectoral reports, and steer the preparation of comprehensive national progress reports covering outputs, outcomes and impacts of agroecology initiatives. 4. Facilitate collaboration and engagement with regional and international initiatives on agroecology to ensure alignment with global best practices and commitments. A Technical Working Group on Agroecology (TWGA) will also be established under the MoA to support the NTCA. Where necessary, the NTCA will have the mandate to establish additional TWGAs to address emerging priorities and specialized technical issues. These TWGAs will be tasked with advancing the strategy’s core objectives, namely: ■ Promote sustainable and resilient agricultural practices and technologies ■ Enhance knowledge, research and capacity for agroecological innovation and extension services ■ Support market system development ■ Create an enabling environment for policy and governance ■ Strengthen social inclusion and empowerment ■ Promote sustainable consumption and healthy diets In addition to the line ministries mentioned above, partners, civil society organizations, farmers’ associations, and other community- based organizations can be members of the NTCA and TWGAs. Among others, representatives of the Intersectoral Forum on Agroecology, farmers’ and growers’ organizations, researchers/academia, 38 plant health inspectorate services, CSOs, processors, manufacturers, marketing organizations, development partners and consumer organizations can be members of the NTCA and TWGAs. 4.1.2 Coordination at the regional, zonal, district and kebele levels To ensure the effective implementation of the NAES, regional, zonal, district and kebele technical working groups (TWGs) will be established within the proposed framework. These TWGs will serve as the primary coordinating bodies for integrating agroecology principles and actions into regional, zonal, district and kebele planning and implementation processes. The types and numbers of kebele-level working groups may vary depending on existing structures across different regional states, or contexts. 4.1.3 Financial mobilization mechanism Successful implementation of the NAES requires substantial financial resources and technical support to ensure that interventions are effective, sustainable and scalable. Financing a systemic, multifunctional approach like agroecology requires holistic planning, long-term commitment and coordinated investments across sectors. Adequate funding is essential not only for operational activities, but also for scaling up interventions, building capacity, fostering innovation and ensuring sustainability. The financial resource mechanism will draw from multiple sources, combining public, private and development partner contributions, as well as innovative financing instruments. The financing approach for agroecology must therefore be diverse, flexible and coordinated to leverage the strengths of different funders while ensuring alignment with the strategy’s objectives. Projects and programmes aimed at mainstreaming agroecology in agriculture and food systems will be promoted, and depending on the stage of the food supply chain, may be domiciled within the relevant line ministries, bureaus, departments and offices. Public sector funding The government, through national and regional budgets, will play a central role in financing agroecology initiatives. Key mechanisms include: ■ Sectoral budget allocations: Line ministries, departments and agencies will allocate funds within their annual budgets to support agroecology programmes, including research, extension services, capacity building and infrastructure development. ■ Regional funding: Regional governments will allocate resources to support local implementation, domestication of the national strategy into zonal and district-level action plans. ■ Conditional grants and incentives: The national government may provide conditional grants or performance-based incentives to regions or agencies that demonstrate progress in implementing agroecology initiatives, including value recognition and fair payment for ecologically produced foods. Private sector investment The private sector will contribute to the financial sustainability of the strategy through: ■ Agro-processing and market development: Investments in value addition, processing facilities and marketing systems for agroecological products. ■ Corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes: Funding from private companies to support community-based agroecology projects, training and research initiatives. 39Table 4. Composition of technical working groups at the bureau, zone, district and kebele levels National Regional Bureaus Zonal Departments District Offices Kebele Offices Ministry of Agriculture Bureau of Agriculture Department of Agriculture Office of Agriculture Development agents (Agriculture) Ethiopian Forest Development Bureau of Forest Development Department of Forest Development Office of Forest Development Cooperatives and unions Ministry of Education Bureau of Education Department of Education Office of Education CBOs at the local levels Ministry of Water and Energy Bureau of Water and Energy Department of Water and Energy Office of Water and Energy Social affairs workers Ministry of Irrigation and Lowlands Bureau of Irrigation and Lowlands Department of Irrigation and Lowlands Office of Irrigation and Lowlands Kebele chairpersons (coordinating all actors) Ministry of Health Bureau of Health Department of Health Office of Health Health extension workers Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration Bureau of Trade and Regional Integration Department of Trade and Regional Integration Office of Trade and Regional Integration Community representatives Ministry of Planning and Development Bureau of Planning and Development Department of Planning and Development Office of Planning and Development Education supervisors Environmental Protection Authority Bureau of Environmental Protection - - Woman and Youth affairs representatives Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute Biodiversity Centres - - National Research Systems Regional Research Centres - - Ministry of Industry Bureau of Industry, Investment and Trade Department of Investment and Trade Office of Investment and Trade Ministry of Innovation and Technology - - - continue to next page 40 National Regional Bureaus Zonal Departments District Offices Kebele Offices Ministry of Labour and Skills Bureau of Labour and Skills Department of Labour and Skills Office of Labour and Skills Ministry of Women and Social Affairs Bureau of Women and Social Affairs Department of Women and Social Affairs Office of Women and Social Affairs Ethiopian Public Health Institute - - - Table 4. Continue ■ Public-private partnerships (PPPs): Collaborative ventures between government and private actors mobilizing resources to implement large-scale agroecology interventions, including supply chain development and technology dissemination. Farmers and cooperative sources ■ Microfinance and credit financing ■ Designing an insurance system as a financial mechanism ■ Development partner support Bilateral and multilateral development partners will support agroecology through: ■ Technical and financial assistance: Grants and concessional financing for capacity building, pilot projects, research and innovation. ■ Co-financing arrangements: Partnerships with government or local institutions to jointly fund initiatives and leverage additional resources. ■ Knowledge and technology transfer and best practices: Providing expertise, technical guidance and experience from successful agroecology programmes in other countries. Innovative and alternative financing mechanisms To enhance resource mobilization and sustainability, the strategy will explore innovative and alternative financing options at various levels. These mechanisms include: ■ Climate finance access: Utilize national and international climate finance sources, including the Green Climate Fund (GCF), Global Environment Facility (GEF) and other environment-focused funds, to support agroecological initiatives. ■ Dedicated agroecology funds: Establish targeted funding programmes for smallholder farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, cooperatives and enterprises that adopt and implement agroecological practices. ■ Payment for ecosystem services (PES): Implement PES schemes to incentivize farmers, pastoralists, agro- pastoralists and communities for conserving biodiversity, maintaining soil health, and delivering other ecosystem services essential for sustainable agriculture. 41 4.2 Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning (MEAL) Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning (MEAL) and reporting will play a central role in ensuring the successful implementation of the NAES. A well- functioning MEAL system shall be in place to provide evidence-based insights to guide decision making, enhance learning, and support adaptive management of the strategy. Purpose and Importance of MEAL During the implementation stage of the NAES, MEAL will enable the Federal Government, regional authorities, and other implementing partners to: ■ Assess progress towards achieving the strategy’s objectives and targets; ■ Identify gaps and areas requiring improvement on time to ensure effective implementation; ■ Ensure accountability to stakeholders, including government institutions, development partners, the private sector and citizens; ■ Promote learning and adaptive management, allowing for real-time adjustments and better planning for future interventions. Through regular participatory assessment, MEAL will ensure that the intended outcomes of the Strategy such as sustainable food systems, improved nutrition, enhanced livelihoods, and environmental resilience are achieved. MEAL framework and key performance indicators (KPIs) A comprehensive MEAL framework will be developed by the Ministry of Agriculture to guide systematic monitoring and evaluation of the strategy’s implementation. This framework will include: ■ Key performance indicators (KPIs): Aligned with the NAES strategic objectives and goals, KPIs will provide measurable metrics to track performance. These indicators will include both output indicators (measuring activities and deliverables) and outcome/impact indicators (measuring long-term results such as improved soil health, increased adoption of agroecological practices, or enhanced household food security). ■ Benchmarks and baseline surveys: Clear benchmarks will be established initially, supported by baseline, midline, and end-line data to enable accurate comparison and measurement of progress over time and assess impact by the end of the implementation period. ■ Data collection tools and systems: Robust tools will be developed to capture reliable data. This will include surveys, field assessments, remote sensing tools, financial tracking systems, operational statistics and participatory monitoring approaches that involve communities and farmer organizations. ■ Integration with national and international reporting obligations: The MEAL framework will also track progress against key national and international commitments, including the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), Ethiopia’s nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, and other sustainable development goals (SDGs) relevant to food system transformation. 42 ■ Data management and reporting: Effective data management will ensure that accurate, timely and relevant information is available for decision making. Key elements will include: − Regular data collection: Data will be collected at appropriate intervals by implementing agencies at both the national and regional levels to ensure up-to-date and actionable insights. − Structured reporting: Reporting formats, templates and schedules will be standardized to ensure consistency and comparability across sectors and regions. − Multi-level reporting: Reports will be produced at national, regional and cross-sectoral levels, ensuring that each stakeholder group receives the information most relevant to them. − Content of reports: Reports will present both quantitative data (performance against KPIs, financial expenditure, etc.) and qualitative insights (case studies, success stories, lessons learned). Stakeholder engagement in MEAL Stakeholder involvement will be integral to the MEAL process. Specific stakeholder information needs will be identified, and tailored reporting will ensure that decision makers, development partners, communities and the private sector receive relevant and actionable insights. In formulating multi-stakeholder platforms, regular review meetings, learning events and stakeholder workshops will be held to discuss progress and challenges, and collectively explore opportunities for improvement. Continuous learning and adaptive management The MEAL system will not only measure progress, but also serve as a platform for continuous learning. Evidence from monitoring and evaluation activities will be used to: ■ Refine implementation strategies and interventions; ■ Inform future programming on agroecology at both national and regional levels; ■ Support knowledge sharing across sectors and regions to scale up successful practices. By embedding a robust MEAL system within the strategy’s implementation framework, Ethiopia will be better equipped to track results, respond to challenges, and ensure that the NAES delivers its intended benefits for people, the economy and the environment. 4.3 Knowledge and communication management By fostering a vibrant, interconnected knowledge ecosystem, a knowledge management system will ensure that information, expertise and learning continuously flow throughout the agroecology landscape, supporting the transformation of Ethiopia’s food systems into sustainable, resilient and equitable systems. The main objectives of knowledge management and communication are to: ■ Promote knowledge creation and innovation: Encourage the generation of new knowledge on agroecological practices, technologies, policies, and business models through research, experimentation, and documentation of best practices. ■ Facilitate knowledge sharing and exchange: Establish platforms and mechanisms for sharing knowledge across stakeholders at district, regional, and national levels, including farmers, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, 43 researchers, policymakers, civil society, and the private sector. ■ Ensure accessibility and usability of knowledge: Make knowledge resources available in user-friendly formats tailored to the needs of different stakeholders, ensuring that the right knowledge reaches the right people at the right time. ■ Strengthen capacity for learning and adaptation: Build the skills and competencies of actors within the agroecology landscape to enable continuous learning, adaptive management, and evidence-based decision making. ■ Enhance accountability and performance measurement: Integrate knowledge management into monitoring and evaluation processes to track progress, assess impacts, build on successes, and inform future strategies. Key components of knowledge management encompass the full knowledge lifecycle, including: ■ Knowledge creation: Generating new information through research, innovation, pilot projects, and field experience. ■ Knowledge capture and organization: Systematically documenting, classifying and organizing knowledge from diverse sources. ■ Knowledge storage and retrieval: Establishing digital repositories and databases to ensure knowledge is preserved and easily accessible. ■ Knowledge sharing and transfer: Facilitating knowledge dissemination through workshops, knowledge hubs, peer-to-peer learning, digital platforms and user-friendly publications. ■ Learning and training: Providing continuous capacity development opportunities for stakeholders on agroecology, including training programmes, experience exchange visits and reciprocal learning for cascading by communities of practice. ■ Knowledge validation and governance: Ensuring the credibility, relevance and quality of agroecological knowledge through peer review, stakeholder consultations and standard setting. ■ Performance measurement: Tracking how knowledge management activities contribute to improved outcomes and decision making in agroecology. Knowledge management initiatives under the strategy will be coordinated by committees established at both the national and regional levels of government: ■ The National Technical Committee on Agroecology will oversee knowledge management at the national and regional scales. It will also facilitate linkages with regional and global knowledge platforms on agroecology, as appropriate. ■ Technical Working Groups at the national and regional levels will coordinate knowledge management efforts within regions, collecting, analysing and disseminating context-specific data and insights to inform local planning and decision making. ■ A reporting framework will be developed to connect the regions and national levels, enabling two-way knowledge flows. This framework will facilitate horizontal communication between actors at different levels of government and sectors, ensuring actions are strategically aligned, complementary and contributing to the desired results. 44 Adugna BG. 2021. 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Early engagement ensures that diverse perspectives, needs and experiences are incorporated into the strategy. This process fosters ownership, enhances transparency, and builds partnerships that are critical for the successful implementation of agroecology initiatives. 2. Establish the core team/ taskforce A core team or taskforce is established to provide strategic leadership, technical guidance and coordination throughout the development of the agroecology strategy. This taskforce typically includes representatives from key ministries, research institutions, civil society and development partners. The taskforce defines roles and responsibilities, develops timelines, and ensures alignment with national policies and international commitments. It acts as the central coordinating body, ensuring coherence and accountability throughout the process. 47 3. Drafting the strategy The drafting process involves consolidating evidence, policy reviews and stakeholder inputs into a structured document. This includes defining the vision, goals, guiding principles, strategic objectives, priority actions, implementation arrangements, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Technical experts in agroecology, food systems and policy planning collaborate to ensure the strategy is evidence-based, context-specific and aligned with Ethiopia’s development priorities. The draft document serves as a basis for the subsequent technical write-shop and consultation workshop. 4. Technical writeshop A technical write-shop brings together subject matter experts to refine the draft strategy. This participatory process focuses on ensuring technical accuracy, coherence and alignment across sectors. Experts in agronomy, ecology, climate change, economics, nutrition and social sciences review the draft, address gaps, harmonize language, and strengthen cross-cutting issues such as gender, youth inclusion and local/traditional knowledge. The write-shop also ensures that the strategy is implementable by outlining realistic interventions, resource requirements and institutional arrangements. 5. Consultative workshop The consultative workshop provides a platform for a wider group of stakeholders, including regional governments, local communities, private sector actors and development partners, to review and provide feedback on the draft strategy. It allows for critical discussions on priorities, feasibility and potential challenges, ensuring that the strategy reflects national consensus and local realities. Inputs from this workshop are essential for enhancing the legitimacy, inclusivity and practicality of the strategy. 6. Validation workshop and launching The validation workshop is the final stage before formal adoption. It involves presenting the refined strategy to high-level decision makers, including senior government officials, development partners and representatives from key sectors. The workshop confirms that stakeholder inputs have been incorporated and that the document is ready for official endorsement. Once validated, the strategy is launched publicly, signalling political commitment and mobilizing implementation support. The launch often includes media coverage, policy briefs, and the dissemination of the final document to all stakeholders. 48 Annex II. Key alignment actions of the agroecology strategy with other strategies, programmes, policies and proclamations S.N. Instruments Key alignment actions 1 Sustainable Land Management Programme (SLM) Integrate agroecology packages into SLM manuals and training materials 2 Resilient Landscapes and Livelihoods Programme Co-design restoration–livelihood agroecology pilots 3 Ethiopian Seed Law Recognize and support farmer-managed seed systems and PVS 4 ESIF for SLM Map agroecology to ESIF investment windows and indicators 5 National Drylands Restoration Strategy Prioritize dryland-adapted agroecology packages and communities 6 Land Administration and Use Proclamation Secure user rights for long-term agroecological investments 7 Forest Development, Protection and Utilization Policy Protect on-farm trees and enable agroforestry seed access 8 Community Watersheds Development and Utilization Proclamation Link watershed groups to agroecology technical packages 9 Water Resource Management Policy Promote on-farm water harvesting and conservation practices 10 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia Reference agroecology as a means to meet environmental targets 11 Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) Coordinate species/nurseries for agroforestry and survival 12 Participatory Rangeland Management (PRM) Embed pastoralist-led agroecology (fodder, grazing rotations) 13 Lowland Livelihood Resilience Project (LLRP) Tailor agroecology packages for lowland contexts and markets 14 10-Year Development Plan (2021–2030) Map agroecology contributions to plan KPIs 15 Multi-Hazard, Impact-Based Early Warning Roadmap Integrate EWS triggers into agroecology advisories 16 Bounty of the Basket Initiative Link agroecology producers to aggregation and nutrition channels 17 Seqota Declaration Promote nutrient-dense crops and homestead gardens 18 Cluster Farming Approach Use clusters as agroecology demonstrations and seed hubs 19 Digital Agriculture Roadmap (2025–2032) Digitize agroecology advisories and monitoring tools 20 National Market Information System (NMIS) Integrate agroecology commodities into NMIS feeds continue to next page 49 S.N. Instruments Key alignment actions 21 National Food Fortification Initiative Coordinate staple supply and promote nutrient crops 22 Meteorology Institute — Early Warning Systems Provide localized forecasts to agroecology networks 23 Food Systems Resilience Programme (FSRP) Include agroecology in resilience investments and value chains 24 Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) Link agroecology income gains to CBHI uptake strategies 27 Vision 2030: Transforming Food Systems Position agroecology as a core pillar with targets 28 Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Roadmap Harmonize CSA and agroecology metrics and pilots 29 Participatory Agriculture and Climate Transformation (PACT) Use PACT participatory trials for farmer innovation 30 National Dairy Development Strategy (2022–2031) Integrate fodder, silvopasture and feed diversity packages 31 National Agricultural Investment Plan (NAIP) 2021–2030 Include agroecology in NAIP investment lines and budgets 32 Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda Incentivize agroecology SMEs and eco-enterprises 33 National Feed Resource Development Strategy Promote on-farm fodder systems and multi- purpose forages 34 Agricultural Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) Add agroecology project pipelines to PIF 35 Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) Include agroecology mitigation (soil C) in MRV and project lists 36 Food and Nutrition Policy Advance nutrition-sensitive agroecology (home gardens) 37 National REDD+ Strategy (2016–2030) Recognize agroforestry and trees-on-farms in REDD+ measures 38 National REDD+ Investment Plan Propose agroecology-and agroforestry project pipelines for funding 39 National Livestock and Fisheries Extension Strategy (2023–2033) Train extension on integrated agroecological livestock practices 40 Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (2021) Include agroecology measures in NDC MRV and reporting 41 Pastoral Development Policy and Strategy (2020) Promotes sustainable rangeland management, livelihood diversification and community-based natural resource governance that strengthens agroecology implementation Annex II. Continue 50 An ne x II I. N at io na l A gr oe co lo gy S tr at eg y Im pl em en ta tio n M at ri x St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. P ro m ot e su st ai na bl e an d re si lie nt a gr ic ul tu ra l p ra ct ic es a nd te ch no lo gi es St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 1. P ro m ot e su st ai na bl e so il he al th an d fe rt ili ty m an ag em en t te ch no lo gi es an d pr ac tic es 1. P ro m ot e In te gr at ed So il Fe rti lit y M an ag em en t (I SF M ) t ec hn ol og ie s (in te gr at ed u se o f o rg an ic m an ur e, c ov er c ro ps , ve rm in -c om po st , c om po st , FY M a nd in or ga ni c fe rti liz er s, im pr ov ed ag ro no m ic pr ac tic es , im pr ov ed s ee d va rie tie s.) yN o. o f g ui de lin es re vi se d yN o. o f d em on st ra tio ns yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts im pl em en te d IS FM y% o f h ec ta re s co ve re d by IS FM M oA , M oF , M oP D, EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , B oF , RA RI S, un ive rs iti es , AT I CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os 2. P ro m ot e in te gr at ed a cid so ils m an ag em en t ( IA SM ) (li m in g, a cid -to le ra nt cr op v ar ie tie s, e nt er pr ise ch an ge ) yN o. o f g ui de lin es re vi se d yt yp e of c ro p va rie tie s pr om ot ed yN o. o f d em on st ra tio ns yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts im pl em en te d IA SM M oA , M oF , M oP D, EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR IS CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os , l im e an d ce m en t in du st rie s, Le rs ha , ag ro de al er s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 51 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) y% o f h ec ta re s co ve re d by IA SM yN o. o f l im e cr us he rs es ta bl ish ed a nd fu nc tio na liz ed yN o. o f s up pl y ch ai ns re vi se d yN o. o f p riv at e ac to rs en ga ge d 3. P ro m ot e In te gr at ed Ve rti so ls M an ag em en t (I VS M ) ( BB M te ch no lo gi es , w at er c on se rv at io n pr ac tic es , w at er lo gg in g- to le ra nt c ro ps ) yN o. o f g ui de lin es re vi se d yN o. o f d em on st ra tio ns yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s ap pl ie d IV SM y% o f h ec ta re s co ve re d by IV SM yN o. o f w at er h ar ve st in g po nd s co ns tru ct ed yT yp es o f c ro p va rie tie s us ed yN o. o f p riv at e ac to rs en ga ge d M oA , M oF , M oP D, EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR IS CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC a nd ot he r N GO s, ag ro -d ea le rs , se rv ice pr ov id er s/ Le rs ha , C BO s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 52 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 4. P ro m ot e so il sa lin ity m an ag em en t ( Bi os al in e, ag ric ul tu re , s al in e so il am en dm en t, irr ig at io n w at er m an ag em en t) yN o. o f g ui de lin es re vi se d yN o. o f d em on st ra tio ns yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s ap pl ie d bi o- sa lin e ag ric ul tu re y% o f h ec ta re s co ve re d by im pr ov ed w at er irr ig at io n m an ag em en t y% o f s al in e so ils am en de d by g yp su m yT yp es o f c ro p va rie tie s us ed yN o. o f p riv at e ac to rs en ga ge d M oA , M oF , M oP D, M IL Ls , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR IS CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC , I FA D, Af DB a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os 5. P ro m ot e fe rti liz er a nd so il he al th d ec isi on s up po rt to ol s yT yp es o f d ec isi on su pp or t t oo ls de ve lo pe d an d us ed yN o. o f u se r g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d y% o f t ar ge t f ar m er s, pa st or al ist s an d ag ro - pa st or al ist s us in g de cis io n su pp or t t oo ls M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es , Te le co m Bo A, R AR IS CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC , D ig ita l Gr ee n, De ve lo pm en t Ga te w ay a nd ot he r N GO s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 53 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 6. E st ab lis h fa rm er s’ fie ld sc ho ol s fo cu se d on s oi l he al th a nd c on se rv at io n te ch ni qu es yN o. o f f ie ld s ch oo ls es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f F TC s st re ng th en ed yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s en ga ge d M oA , A TI , Bo As , NG Os , C BO s 7. C ap ac ita te s oi l t es tin g la bo ra to rie s an d pr ov id e ac ce ss ib le s oi l t es tin g se rv ice s th ro ug h m ob ile la bs a nd c om m un ity -b as ed ad vi so ry s er vi ce s yN o. o f s oi l l ab or at or ie s ca pa cit at ed yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d yT yp es o f a dv iso ry se rv ice s pr ov id ed yN o. o f m ob ile s oi l te st in g se rv ice s pr ov id ed yT yp es o f s oi l m ap s de ve lo pe d an d in te rp re te d M oA , E IA R, na tio na l s oi l la bs Bo As , R AR Is , Re gi on al s oi l la bs , p riv at e so il la bs CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC , D ig ita l Gr ee n, De ve lo pm en t Ga te w ay a nd ot he r N GO s, et c. St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 54 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 8. S tre ng th en th e ur ba n- ru ra l n ex us in u rb an a nd pe ri- ur ba n so lid w as te m an ag em en t a nd re cy cli ng yN o. o f y ou th g ro up s or ga ni ze d an d tra in ed in u rb an s ol id w as te m an ag em en t yN o. o f u rb an w as te re cy cli ng a nd co m po st in g fa cil iti es (c om po st er , b io ch ar ki ln ) e st ab lis he d yN o. o f u rb an -ru ra l lin ka ge s fa cil ita te d fo r pr od uc t s al e (c om po st an d bi oc ha r) yN o. o f b io ga s es ta bl ish ed a nd fu nc tio na liz ed M oE , M oA , AT I Bo A CG c en tre s, GI Z, S NV a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os 9. E st ab lis hi ng a gr oe co lo gy tra ns iti on m on ito rin g an d le ar ni ng s ite s w he re in te gr at ed A E th em at ic ac tiv iti es to b e sh ow ca se d yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f m on ito rin g sit es es ta bl ish ed b as ed o n fa rm in g sy st em s or k ey ec o re gi on s. M oA , A TI Bo As CG c en tre s, GI Z, S NV , an d ot he r NG Os a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 55 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 10 . P ro vi de T oT o n IS FM te ch no lo gi es a nd p ra ct ice s yN o. o f T oT s pr ov id ed M oA , E IA R, na tio na l s oi l la bs , p riv at e so il la bs , un ive rs iti es , AT VE Ts Bo As , R AR Is , re gi on al s oi l la bs De ve lo pm en t pa rtn er s an d NG Os , C BO s 2. P ro m ot e Cl im at e Ad ap ta tio n an d M iti ga tio n Te ch no lo gi es , In fo rm at io n Se rv ic es a nd ca pa ci tie s 1. D iss em in at e dr ou gh t- to le ra nt c ro p va rie tie s ad ap te d to lo ca l ag ro ec ol og ie s yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f c ro p va rie tie s ad ap te d y% o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s in vo lve d M oA , E IA R, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC a nd ot he r N GO s CB O 2. In tro du ce a gr of or es try sy st em s th at c om bi ne m ul tip ur po se tr ee s, c ro ps , an d liv es to ck yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d y% o f h ec ta re s of la nd co ve re d y% fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts in vo lve d M oA , E IA R, EF D, A TI Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IF DC a nd ot he r N GO s, fa rm er s, CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 56 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 3. E nc ou ra ge c on se rv at io n ag ric ul tu re (m in im um til la ge , c ro p di ve rs ifi ca tio n, an d cr op ro ta tio n) yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d y% o f l an d co ve re d by CA y% o f H Hs e ng ag ed yT yp e of fa rm im pl em en ts u se d M oA , E IA R, EF D, A TI Bo As , R AR Is , et c. FA O, G IZ , CF GB , S AA an d ot he r NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r 4. In tro du ce a nd p ro m ot e w at er h ar ve st in g st ru ct ur es (W HS ) s uc h as s m al l p on ds an d ro of to p ra in w at er ha rv es tin g sy st em s yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f W HS in tro du ce d/ pr om ot ed yH a of la nd ir rig at ed b y W HS yN o. o f H Hs e ng ag ed M oA , E IA R, AT I, M oH Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ a nd ot he r N GO s, pr iva te se ct or , E RH A 5. P ro m ot e an in te gr at ed ho rti cu ltu ra l c ro ps pr od uc tio n sy st em yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yH a of th e la nd c ov er ed yN o. o f H Hs e ng ag ed yT yp e of ir rig at io n te ch no lo gi es u se d M oA , E IA R, AT I, EH DA Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ a nd ot he r N GO s, pr iva te se ct or , EH PE A- St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 57 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 6. S tre ng th en a nd p ro m ot e ag ro cli m at ic ad vi so ry se rv ice s an d di ss em in at e se as on al a gr o- cli m at ic fo re ca st s vi a m ob ile a le rts an d ra di o in lo ca l l an gu ag es yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f a dv iso ry to ol s de ve lo pe d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s re ce ive d ad vi so ry s er vi ce s M oA , E IA R, AT I, EM I Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , IC PA C, Di gi ta l Gr ee n an d ot he r N GO s, Le rs ha , ot he rs 7. Id en tif y an d pr om ot e lo ca l/t ra di tio na l k no w le dg e, te ch no lo gi es a nd p ra ct ice s yN o. o f l oc al /tr ad iti on al kn ow le dg e an d pr ac tic es id en tif ie d an d do cu m en te d yN o. o f l oc al /tr ad iti on al kn ow le dg e an d pr ac tic es pr om ot ed yN o. o f H Hs in vo lve d M oA , E IA R, AT I Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , PE LU M Et hi op ia , I SD an d ot he r NG Os , C BO s, pr of es sio na l so cie tie s, e tc . 8. Id en tif y an d pr om ot e im pr ov ed fe ed a nd b re ed sy st em s to in cr ea se pr od uc tiv ity a nd re du ce gr ee nh ou se g as e m iss io ns yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f H Hs p ro du cin g im pr ov ed fe ed v ar ie tie s yN o. o f c om m un ity -b as ed br ee di ng p ro gr am m es es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f i m pr ov ed b re ed s su pp lie d yN o. o f H Hs e ng ag ed in im pr ov ed b re ed s M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a, a nd ot he r N GO s, pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 58 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 9. In tro du ce a nd p ro m ot e al te rn at ive e ne rg y so ur ce s an d sa vi ng te ch no lo gi es yT yp e of a lte rn at ive en er gy s ou rc es pr om ot ed yN o. o f H Hs in vo lve d M oW E, M oA , EI AR , A TI , EL PA , E PA , HE Is Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SN V an d ot he r N GO s, pr iva te s ec to r 10 . P ro vi de T oT o n Cl im at e Ad ap ta tio n an d M iti ga tio n Te ch no lo gi es a nd In fo rm at io n Se rv ice s yN o. o f T oT s pr ov id ed M oA , E IA R, EM I, EP A AT I, HE Is Bo As , R AR Is , et c. CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SN V an d ot he r N GO s, pr iva te s ec to r 3. P ro m ot e In te gr at ed Pe st M an ag em en t (I PM ) 1. Im pl em en t p es t re gu la to ry p ra ct ice s an d te ch no lo gi es fo r l ive st oc k, w at er , s ee ds a nd p la nt in g m at er ia ls yN o. o f p ra ct iti on er s ca pa cit at ed yN o. o f s ee d an d pl an tin g m at er ia l l ot s in sp ec te d fo r p es t a nd d ise as e co m pl ia nc e pe r s ea so n M oA , E AA , re se ar ch er s, re gu la to rs RB oA s, re gi on al re gu la to rs NG Os , D Ps 2. P ro m ot e pe st su rv ei lla nc e pr ac tic es fo r e vi de nc e- ba se d pe st m an ag em en t ( IP M ) yN o. o f e xt en sio n ag en ts or c om m un ity s co ut s eq ui pp ed w ith p es t m on ito rin g to ol s (e .g ., ha nd le ns es , t ra ps , d at a sh ee ts ) M oA , re se ar ch er s, HL I RB oA s CG IA R, D Ps , FA O, C AB I, SN V, G IZ St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 59 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s an d ex te ns io n ag en ts tr ai ne d on p es t s ur ve illa nc e y% o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s th at p ra ct ice fa rm s co ut in g 3. P ro m ot e th e us e of re sis ta nt v ar ie tie s yN o. o f r es ist an t v ar ie tie s re gi st er ed yN o. o f r es ist an t v ar ie tie s pr om ot ed M oA , re se ar ch er s RB oA s, RA RI s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 4. T ra in fa rm er s on IP M th ro ug h fie ld s ch oo ls an d de m on st ra tio n pl ot s, em ph as izi ng e co sy st em - ba se d ap pr oa ch es yN o. o f F FS e st ab lis he d yN o. o f m em be r f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s pa rti cip at ed , gr ad ua te d, a nd pr ac tic ed F FS M oA , re se ar ch er s RA RI s, RB oA s SN V, S oS Sa he l, GI Z, PA CT , P AN Et hi op ia 5. P ro m ot e th e us e of be ne fic ia l i ns ec t-a ttr ac tin g pl an ts to in cr ea se b en ef ici al pr ed at or s, p ar as ito id s an d po llin at or s yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s aw ar e of bi ol og ica l m et ho ds . yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ a gr o- pa st or al ist s ad op te d th e pr ac tic e M oA , re se ar ch er s, Ap icu ltu re Re se ar ch Ce nt re , RA RI S RB oA s, RA RI s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 60 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 6. P ro m ot e th e us e of p es t- re pe lle nt a nd tr ap c ro ps (p us h an d pu ll fa ct or s) yN o. o f o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts im pl em en te d th e pu sh an d pu ll fa ct or fo r p es t m an ag em en t M oA , re se ar ch er s, R Bo As , RA RI s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 7. P ro m ot e th e us e of bo ta ni ca l p es tic id es yN o. o f t ra in in g se ss io ns or ga ni ze d on th e pr ep ar at io n an d us e of bo ta ni ca l p es tic id es yf ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts tr ai ne d an d ap pl ie d bo ta ni ca ls M oA , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RB oA s, RA RI s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 8. R ev ive tr ad iti on al kn ow le dg e an d pr ac tic es , su ch a s in te rc ro pp in g, cr op ro ta tio n, a nd s oi l am en dm en t f or p es t m an ag em en t yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s pr ac tic in g tra di tio na l/c ul tu ra l p es t m an ag em en t p ra ct ice s M oA , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RA RI s CB Os , N GO s, DP s 9. M an ag e so il m oi st ur e to m an ag e so il- bo rn e pe st s yN o. o f w at er m an ag em en t m et ho ds (e .g ., ra ise d be ds , dr ai na ge d itc he s, m ul ch in g) e st ab lis he d to pr ev en t w at er lo gg in g. M oA , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es , RA RI s NG Os , D Ps , CS Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 61 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 10 . I m pl em en t en vi ro nm en ta lly fr ie nd ly pe st ici de s an d no n- hi gh ly ha za rd ou s pe st ici de s th ro ug h m ec ha ni sm s th at re du ce h az ar d, s uc h as sp ot a pp lic at io n (ta rg et ed ap pl ica tio n) y% o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s us ed en vi ro nm en ta lly fr ie nd ly pe st ici de s y% o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro pa st or al ist s pr ac tic ed ju di cio us p es tic id e us e th ro ug h sp ot ap pl ica tio n, ti m e. M oA , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RA RI s NG Os , D Ps , pr iva te fa rm s 11 . A w ar en es s cr ea tio n on d isp os al o f h az ar do us pe st ici de s yN o. o f a w ar en es s cr ea tio n ev en ts p ro vi de d yN o. o f c om m un ity m em be rs a w ar e yT on s of h az ar do us pe st ici de s di sp os ed o f M oA , in st itu tio ns w or ki ng o n en vi ro nm en t, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RB oA s, RA RI s NG Os , D Ps St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 62 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 12 . P ro m ot e po st ha rv es t pe st m an ag em en t p ra ct ice s an d te ch no lo gi es s uc h as co ld s to ra ge a nd h er m et ic ba gs yN o. o f a w ar en es s se ss io ns , de m on st ra tio ns co nd uc te d on po st ha rv es t p es t m an ag em en t p ra ct ice s yN o. o f p os t-h ar ve st m an ag em en t te ch no lo gi es p ro m ot ed yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s pr ac tic ed pr om ot ed te ch no lo gi es . M oA , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RB oA s, RA RI s NG Os , D Ps 4. S tr en gt he n th e se ed sy st em 1. S up po rt th e es ta bl ish m en t o f co m m un ity s ee d ba nk in g an d fie ld g en e ba nk sy st em s to e ns ur e ac ce ss to p la nt in g m at er ia ls an d m an ag e an d ex ch an ge cli m at e- re sil ie nt tr ad iti on al va rie tie s yN o. o f e st ab lis he d co m m un ity s ee d ba nk s an d fie ld g en e ba nk s yN o. o f c ro p ty pe s an d va rie tie s in th e se ed ba nk yN o. o f b en ef ici ar ie s fro m th e se ed b an k yN o. o f t ra in ed co m m un ity g ro up s M oA , g en e ba nk , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es , In st itu te o f Bi od ive rs ity RA RI s CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 63 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 2. E nc ou ra ge fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s to p ar tic ip at e in lo ca l s ee d fa irs an d ex ch an ge e ve nt s to s tre ng th en s ee d so ve re ig nt y yN o. o f s ee d an d fo od fa irs o rg an ize d ye ar ly M oA , E SA NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 3. P ro vi de tr ai ni ng o n pa rti cip at or y va rie ty de ve lo pm en t ( ec ol og ica lly di st rib ut ed ) yN o. o f r es ea rc h gr ou ps or ga ni ze d yN o. o f f ar m er s, pa st or al ist s, a gr o- pa st or al ist s in th e re se ar ch g ro up tr ai ne d M oA , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is NG Os , DP s, C BO s 4. P ro vi de tr ai ni ng o n se ed / pl an tin g m at er ia l s to ra ge te ch ni qu es to m ai nt ai n qu al ity a nd v ia bi lit y yN o. o f c om m un iti es ca pa cit at ed M oA , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 5. E nc ou ra ge a nd s up po rt fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts to s av e an d pr es er ve q ua lit y se ed an d pl an tin g m at er ia l t o st re ng th en th ei r r es ilie nc e an d ad ap tiv e ca pa cit y to cli m at e ch an ge yN o. o f f ie ld d ay s or ga ni ze d M oA , g en e ba nk , re se ar ch er s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 64 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 6. S tre ng th en s ee d qu al ity as su ra nc e m ea su re s: la bo ra to ry , t ra ce ab ilit y sy st em yN o. o f t ra in ed p er so nn el yN o. o f s ee d te st in g la bo ra to rie s up gr ad ed o r es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f s ee d m ob ile cle an er s av ai la bl e y% o f s ee d lo ts te st ed th at m ee t c er tif ie d qu al ity s ta nd ar ds M oA , re se ar ch er s, EA A, A TI , ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RB oA s, re gi on al re gu la to rs NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 7. P ro m ot e se ed m ar ke tin g an d di st rib ut io n sy st em s yN o. o f d ig ita l s ys te m s de ve lo pe d an d ad op te d (m ar ke t i nf or m at io n sy st em ) M oA , A TI , co op er at ive s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RA RI s NG Os , D Ps 8. S tre ng th en th e lo ca l se ed e xc ha ng e sy st em a nd st ak eh ol de rs ’ p la tfo rm yN o. o f s ta ke ho ld er s’ ex ch an ge p la tfo rm s un de rta ke n (b ot h fe de ra l a nd re gi on al ) yN o. o f b ot to m - up c on su lta tio ns un de rta ke n M oA , A TI , co op er at ive s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RA RI s, RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue 65 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 9. C re at e an e na bl in g en vi ro nm en t a nd in ce nt ive m ec ha ni sm s fo r p riv at e se ct or e ng ag em en t i n th e se ed s ys te m yN o. o f e na bl in g ar ra ng em en ts / fa cil ita tio ns m ad e yN o. o f i nc en tiv es de sig ne d M oA , A TI , co op er at ive s, ag ric ul tu re un ive rs iti es RA RI s, RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 5. E nh an ce an d pr om ot e co ns er va tio n an d us e of lo ca lly m an ag ed s ee d an d liv es to ck br ee ds (l oc al / tr ad iti on al se ed a nd liv es to ck co ns er va tio n) 1. S up po rt co m m un ity br ee di ng p ro gr am m es fo r h ar dy lo ca l/t ra di tio na l liv es to ck yN o. o f c om m un ity -b as ed br ee di ng p ro gr am m es es ta bl ish ed o r st re ng th en ed yN o. o f b re ed in g in fra st ru ct ur e de ve lo pe d st at io ns /fa cil iti es s et u p or u pg ra de d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s tra in ed in c om m un ity -b as ed br ee di ng p ra ct ice s yN o. o f t ra in ed co m m un ity g ro up s M oA , re se ar ch er s, AT I, ge ne ba nk s RA RI s, RB oA s, fa rm er gr ou ps NG Os (I LR I) , DP s, C BO s, pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 66 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 2. S tre ng th en lo ca l g en e ba nk s an d da ta ba se s, a nd re gi st rie s fo r p la nt a nd an im al g en et ic re so ur ce s. yN o. o f t ra in ed e xp er ts in g en et ic re so ur ce co lle ct io n, p re se rv at io n, an d da ta ba se m an ag em en t yN o. o f s ee ds /p la nt in g m at er ia ls an d an im al s re gi st er ed in th e da ta ba se M oA , g en e ba nk s, re se ar ch er s RA RI s, RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 3. P ro m ot e br an di ng a nd va lu e ch ai n de ve lo pm en t fo r p ro du ct s de riv ed fr om lo ca l b re ed s (e .g ., lo ca l ho ne y, m ilk , o r m ea t) an d cr op v ar ie tie s yN o. o f b ra nd s an d va lu e ch ai ns d ev el op ed fo r pl an t s pe cie s an d an im al pr od uc ts M oA , re se ar ch er s, nu tri tio n in st itu tio ns RA RI s, RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 4. E ng ag e lo ca l e ld er s an d w om en c us to di an s in do cu m en tin g an d pa ss in g do w n br ee di ng a nd se le ct io n kn ow le dg e yN o. o f e ve nt s or ga ni ze d fo r k no w le dg e ex ch an ge M oA , re se ar ch er s RA RI s, RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , tra di tio na l co m m un ity kn ow le dg e gr ou ps St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 67 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 5. S tre ng th en th e po te nt ia l of lo ca l/t ra di tio na l p la nt an d liv es to ck g en et ic re so ur ce s an d pr om ot e th ei r s us ta in ab le u til iza tio n fo r i m pr ov ed li ve lih oo ds an d cli m at e re sil ie nc e yN o. o f l oc al /tr ad iti on al pl an ts a nd a ni m al s pr om ot ed yN o. o f r es ea rc h un de rta ke n in re la tio n to th is. M oA , g en e ba nk s, re se ar ch er s RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 6. S tre ng th en th e lin ka ge be tw ee n th e fa rm in g co m m un ity , r es ea rc h, a nd th e na tio na l g en e ba nk yN o. o f e st ab lis he d tri la te ra l c oo pe ra tio n pl at fo rm s be tw ee n th e th re e yN o. o f M oU s sig ne d be tw ee n th e th re e ac to rs M oA , g en e ba nk s, re se ar ch er s RB oA s NG Os , D Ps , CB Os 6. P ro m ot e cr op -l iv es to ck in te gr at io n fa rm in g sy st em s 1. P ro m ot e im pr ov ed fe ed an d pa st ur e, a nd ra ng el an d m an ag em en t ( fo dd er , fo ra ge d ev el op m en t) yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yH a of la nd c ov er ed b y fo dd er a nd fo ra ge yH a of th e ra ng el an d m an ag ed yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ a gr o- pa st or al ist s in vo lve d yN o. o f s ee d ba nk s es ta bl ish ed M oA , M IL Ls , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a, M er cy Co rp s, L an d ‘o ’ L ak es a nd ot he r N GO s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 68 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 2. P ro m ot e th e us e of an im al m an ur e fo r s oi l fe rti lit y m an ag em en t yH ec ta re o f l an d in te gr at ed w ith a ni m al m an ur e ut iliz at io n yN o. o f h ou se ho ld s th at pr od uc ed a nd u se d an im al m an ur e fo r s oi l fe rti lit y m an ag em en t. 2. In tro du ce a nd p ro m ot e be ek ee pi ng a nd o th er po llin at or s yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f b ee ke ep in g de ve lo pe d yN o. o f H Hs e ng ag ed in be ek ee pi ng yN o. o f p ol lin at or s fo cu se d on p la nt s in te gr at ed M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 69 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 3. P ro m ot e in te gr at ed po ul try a nd a qu ac ul tu re fa rm in g yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f p ou ltr y fa rm s es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f m od er n aq ua cu ltu re e st ab lis he d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s be ne fit ed yN o. o f i nc en tiv e m ec ha ni sm s in tro du ce d M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r 4. S tre ng th en a ni m al h ea lth in fra st ru ct ur e yN o. o f i nf ra st ru ct ur e de ve lo pe d fo r a ni m al he al th s er vi ce s yN o. o f a ni m al s va cc in at ed a nd tr ea te d yN o. o f H Hs b en ef ite d yN o. o f o f p ar a- ve te rin ar ia ns tr ai ne d an d lic en se d M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As . R AR Is NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r 5. P ro vi de T oT o n cr op liv es to ck in te gr at io n fo r f ar m in g sy st em s di ve rs ifi ca tio n yN o. o f T oT s pr ov id ed M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 70 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 7. P ro m ot e in te gr at ed la nd sc ap e re st or at io n an d co ns er va tio n 1. P ro m ot e la nd sc ap e- sc al e re st or at io n in iti at ive s th at b le nd re fo re st at io n, ag ro fo re st ry , w at er ha rv es tin g, a re a clo su re , an d er os io n co nt ro l m ea su re s et c. yN o. o f g ui de lin es re vi se d yH a of th e la nd re st or ed yN o. o f l an ds ca pe re st or at io n m ap s de ve lo pe d yN o. o f s ee dl in gs pr od uc ed a nd p la nt ed yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s in vo lve d in re st or at io n yH a of la nd re cla im ed fro m in va siv e sp ec ie s M oA , E FD , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a an d ot he r N GO s, CB Os , p riv at e se ct or 3. P ro m ot e pl an tin g of na tiv e gr as se s an d tre es to re cla im d eg ra de d la nd s an d en ha nc e bi od ive rs ity yN o. o f c om m un ity -b as ed na tu re c on se rv ed s ite s yN o. o f n ur se ry sit es e st ab lis he d/ st re ng th en ed yA re a (h a) p la nt ed w ith na tiv e sp ec ie s yN o. o f s ee dl in gs a nd na tiv e sp ec ie s pl an te d/ re in tro du ce d M oA , E FD , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a an d ot he r N GO s, CB Os , p riv at e se ct or St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue 71 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 4. A lig n re st or at io n w or k w ith c lim at e ad ap ta tio n an d fo od p ro du ct io n go al s to e ns ur e m ul tif un ct io na l be ne fit s yN o. o f r es to ra tio n pr oj ec ts in co rp or at in g cli m at e ad ap ta tio n an d fo od p ro du ct io n ob je ct ive s yN o. o f h ou se ho ld s be ne fit in g fro m di ve rs ifi ed li ve lih oo d op po rtu ni tie s th ro ug h la nd sc ap e re st or at io n M oA , E FD , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is , FA RM A fri ca an d ot he r NG Os CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M CB Os , p riv at e se ct or 5. D ev el op , s tre ng th en a nd im pl em en t p ar tic ip at or y la nd u se p la nn in g yN o. o f p ar tic ip at or y la nd -u se p la ns de ve lo pe d an d ap pr ov ed yN o. o f s ta ke ho ld er s en ga ge d in la nd u se pl an ni ng p ro ce ss es . yN o. o f l an d us e pl an s ef fe ct ive ly im pl em en te d M oP D, M oA , E FD , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a an d ot he r N GO s, CB Os , p riv at e se ct or 6. P ro m ot e pr ot ec tio n an d re st or at io n of w et la nd s, riv er s, a nd ri pa ria n zo ne s yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yA re a (h a) o f w et la nd s/ riv er s/ rip ar ia n zo ne s re st or ed o r p ro te ct ed yN o. o f m ap s de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f w at er q ua lit y m on ito rin g po in ts es ta bl ish ed M oA , E FD , EI AR , M oW E, A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, Et hi o- w et la nd , W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a, a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os , p riv at e se ct or St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 72 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 7. D ev el op a nd e na ct a n in ce nt ive m ec ha ni sm fo r en vi ro nm en ta l r es to ra tio n an d pr ot ec tio n yT yp e of in ce nt ive m ec ha ni sm s de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d an d im pl em en te d yN o. o f b en ef ici ar ie s ac ce ss in g in ce nt ive s M oA , E FD , AT I, et c. Re gi on al go ve rn m en ts CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a, a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os , p riv at e se ct or 8. S tre ng th en th e w at er us er s as so cia tio n an d pr om ot e im pr ov ed ir rig at io n w at er m an ag em en t yA re a (h a) u nd er im pr ov ed ir rig at io n w at er m an ag em en t / irr ig at io n/ p ra ct ice s yT yp e of te ch no lo gi es pr om ot ed yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s in vo lve d in w at er -e ffi cie nt ir rig at io n yN o. o f w at er u se r as so cia tio ns fo rm ed o r re vi ta liz ed M oW E, M oA , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a, a nd ot he r N GO s, CB Os , p riv at e se ct or 9. S tre ng th en w at er sh ed us er c oo pe ra tiv es a nd irr ig at io n w at er u se rs ’ as so cia tio ns yN o. o f w at er u se rs as so cia tio n m em be rs tra in ed in g ov er na nc e an d te ch ni ca l w at er m an ag em en t M oA , E IA R Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, W VE , G IZ , SN V, F AR M Af ric a, a nd ot he r N GO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue 73 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 10 . P ro vi de T oT o n in te gr at ed la nd sc ap e re st or at io n an d co ns er va tio n yN o. o f t ra in in g se ss io ns de liv er ed b y tra in ed tra in er s M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As . R AR Is NG Os , t he Pr iva te s ec to r 8. P ro m ot e ec o- fr ie nd ly an d ad ap ta bl e m ec ha ni za tio n te ch no lo gi es an d in no va tio ns 1. P ro m ot e so la r-p ow er ed irr ig at io n te ch no lo gi es yN o. o f s ol ar -p ow er ed irr ig at io n sy st em s in st al le d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s tra in ed in o pe ra tio n an d m ai nt en an ce o f s ol ar irr ig at io n sy st em s yA re a (h a) u nd er s ol ar - po w er ed ir rig at io n yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s us in g so la r po w er ir rig at io n sy st em s M oW E, M oA , EI AR , A TI , un ive rs iti es RB oA s, RA RI s, e tc . CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SN V, a nd ot he r N GO s Pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 74 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 2. P ro m ot e m ac hi ne ry th at s up po rts m in im um til la ge , S W C, a nd e ffi cie nt in pu t u se yN o. o f c on se rv at io n ag ric ul tu re m ac hi ne s di st rib ut ed (s ee d dr ills , pl an te rs , e tc .) yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s tra in ed a nd en ga ge d yA re a of la nd c ov er ed , an d de m on st ra tio ns es ta bl ish ed fo r m in im um til la ge a nd S W C- m ac hi ne ry M oA , E IA R AT I, un ive rs iti es RB oA s, RA RI s, e tc . CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , CF GB , S AA , SN V an d ot he r N GO s, pr iva te s ec to r 3. In tro du ce a nd p ro m ot e sm al l-s ca le m ac hi ne ry fo r pl ou gh in g, h ar ve st in g, th re sh in g, a nd p ro ce ss in g (e .g ., fe ed p ro ce ss in g, ho ne y, m ilk ) yN o. o f s m al l-s ca le m ac hi ne s pr ov id ed o r fin an ce d yN o. o f p ro ce ss in g un its es ta bl ish ed o r u pg ra de d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s in vo lve d M oA , E IA R AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is , et c CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SA A, S NV , an d ot he r NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue 75 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 4. E st ab lis h an d st re ng th en ag ric ul tu ra l m ec ha ni za tio n se rv ice c en tre s yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f m ec ha ni za tio n se rv ice c en tre s es ta bl ish ed / st re ng th en ed yN o. o f s er vi ce c on tra ct s de liv er ed a nn ua lly M oA , E IA R AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SA A, S NV an d ot he r NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r 5. P ro m ot e pr iva te s ec to r en ga ge m en t i n m ac hi ne ry se rv ice s (h ire a nd m ai nt en an ce ) yN o. o f p riv at e se ct or op er at or s pr ov id in g m ac hi ne ry h ire a nd m ai nt en an ce s er vi ce s yN o. o f t ra in in g ce nt re s es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f p ar tn er sh ip ag re em en ts o r c on tra ct s sig ne d be tw ee n fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts a nd pr iva te p ro vi de rs M oA , A TI Bo As CG c en tre s, FA O, G IZ , SA A, S NV an d ot he r NG Os , pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 76 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 69 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB os /C G Sh or t te rm (S ) M ed iu m te rm (M ) Lo ng te rm (L ) 6. D ev el op a nd e na ct a n in ce nt ive m ec ha ni sm fo r pr iva te s er vi ce p ro vi de rs yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f i nc en tiv es fra m ew or k fo r p riv at e m ec ha ni za tio n se rv ice pr ov id er s de ve lo pe d an d ap pr ov ed . yN o. o f p riv at e pr ov id er s be ne fit in g fro m in ce nt ive s. M oA , E FD , AT I Re gi on al go ve rn m en ts CG ce nt re s, W VE , GI Z, S NV , FA RM A fri ca an d ot he r NG Os , C BO s, pr iva te s ec to r 7. P ro vi de T oT o n m ec ha ni za tio n te ch no lo gi es an d pr ac tic es yN o. o f t ra in er s tra in ed in m ec ha ni za tio n te ch no lo gi es . M oA , E IA R, AT I, un ive rs iti es Bo As , R AR Is , NG Os , Pr iva te s ec to r St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 1. C on tin ue 77 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. E nh an ce k no w le dg e, re se ar ch a nd c ap ac ity fo r a gr oe co lo gi ca l i nn ov at io n an d ex te ns io n se rv ic es St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 1. E ns ur e in te gr at io n of lo ca l/ tr ad iti on al kn ow le dg e an d sc ie nc e- ba se d ag ro ec ol og ic al in no va tio ns 1. P ar tic ip at or y id en tif ica tio n an d do cu m en ta tio n of IK o n AE pr ac tic es yN o. o f l oc al / tra di tio na l i de nt ifi ed an d do cu m en te d M oA , E BI , EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, PE LU M -E T, CB Os 2. In te gr at e lo ca l/ tra di tio na l s ys te m s in to th e re se ar ch p ro ce ss yN o. o f i nt eg ra te d lo ca l/t ra di tio na l -s cie nc e- ba se d re se ar ch a ct iv iti es o r pr oj ec ts EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TV ET , AT I RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, PE LU M -E T, CB Os 3. C o- im pl em en t t he in te gr at ed IK -s cie nc e- ba se d AE in no va tiv e so lu tio ns yN o. o f c o- cr ea te d IK in no va tio ns EI AR , M oA , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E BI , A TI RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, PE LU M -E T, CB Os 4. E ng ag e th e pr og re ss ive an d pr o- ec ol og ica l fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts to tr ai n th e br oa de r f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s to b ui ld a s el f- su pp or tin g m in ds et yN o. o f e xp er ie nc ed fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts en ga ge d in tr ai ni ng EI AR , M oA , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E BI , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, PE LU M -E T, CB Os co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 78 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 5, O rg an ize c ul tu ra l e ve nt s th at re co gn ize lo ca l/ tra di tio na l a gr oe co lo gi ca l in no va tio ns th at w or k be st yN o. o f A E pr ac tic es re la te d cu ltu ra l ev en ts to b e ce le br at ed yN o. o f v al id at ed IK - AE p ra ct ice s yN o. o f r ec og ni ze d/ re w ar de d m od el fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts a nd fa rm er in st itu tio ns . M oA / ex te ns io n, EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, PE LU M -E T, CB Os 2. D em an d- dr iv en c ap ac ity de ve lo pm en t AE -I nn ov at io ns Ex te ns io n 1. N ee d as se ss m en t f or A E cu rri cu la d ev el op m en t yN o. o f A E- in te rfa ce d ac ad em ic pr og ra m m es / co ur se s su gg es te d Ag ric - H LI s, M OA /A TV ET HL Is CG IA R, G IZ , SW R 2. D ev el op c ur ric ul a fo r un ive rs iti es , A TV ET s, a nd ba sic e du ca tio n yN o. o f A E- in te rfa ce d ac ad em ic pr og ra m m es m ai ns tre am ed in to re gu la r e du ca tio n sy st em s HL Is , M oA / AT VE T, M oE Ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, G IZ , SW R 3, D ev el op A E- in te rfa ce d sh or t-t er m tr ai ni ng m at er ia ls fo r f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s, e xt en sio n w or ke rs a nd re se ar ch er s yN o. o f a nd th e ty pe of tr ai ni ng m at er ia ls de ve lo pe d EI AR , M oA , HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 79 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 4, T ra in fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s, e xt en sio n w or ke rs , a nd re se ar ch er s on A E pr ac tic es yN o. o f t ra in ee s yN o. o f i m pa ct ed fa rm er s/ co m m un iti es of p ra ct ice s (p os iti ve ch an ge ) EI AR , M oA , HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R 5. C ol le ct fe ed ba ck o n th e co -le ar ni ng p ro ce ss es fo r im pr ov em en t yF re qu en cy o f fe ed ba ck yN o. o f r es po ns es m ad e to th e fe ed ba ck EI AR , M oA , ag ric ul tu re HL Is RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R 6. D ev el op a nd di ss em in at e ed uc at io na l m at er ia ls, to ol ki ts , a nd on lin e re so ur ce s th at su pp or t a gr o ec ol og y ed uc at io n yT yp e of e du ca tio na l m at er ia ls de ve lo pe d/ pu bl ish ed m at er ia ls yN o. o f d iss em in at ed ed uc at io na l m at er ia ls ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E IA R, M oA / Ex te ns io n, A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 80 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 3. E st ab lis h pa rt ne rs hi p an d lin ka ge a m on g ke y ac to rs w or ki ng in a gr oe co lo gi ca l in no va tio ns 1. Id en tif y an d m ap th e kn ow le dg e ac to rs of p ar tn er s al on g th e su pp ly /’e na bl er s’, p riv at e ac to rs /in te rm ed ia rie s/ di gi ta l s ol ut io n pr ov id er s an d de m an d ch ai n yN o. o f p ar tn er s de fin ed b y su pp ly- in te rm ed ia rie s- de m an d ch ai n ca te go rie s yN o. o f s up pl y ‘e na bl er s’ (g ov t in st itu tio ns a t l ar ge ) m ap pe d yN o. o f in te rm ed ia rie s/ pr iva te a ct or s/ di gi ta l so lu tio n pr ov id er s, su ch a s AC AT EC H Te ch no lo gy G ro up , fin an ce rs (e g, w ea th er in su re rs ) yN o. o f d em an d sid e (b ro ad er fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s, C oo p- Un io ns , a gg re ga to rs , pr oc es so rs a nd qu al ity p ro du ct ex po rte rs ) M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , EA BC RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , E AB C, pr iva te a ct or s, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s, fin an ce rs (c re di t a nd in su ra nc e) co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 81 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 2. E st ab lis h fo rm al pa rtn er sh ip s bo th a t na tio na l a nd lo ca l l ev el s, in clu di ng lo ca l k no w le dg e ce nt re s, i. e. , F TC s, to en ha nc e ag ro ec ol og ica l re se ar ch a nd d ev el op m en t ef fo rts yT he M oU w as sig ne d am on g th e pa rtn er in g in st itu tio ns yN o. o f f oc al p er so ns an d ex pe rts a ss ig ne d fo r A E in no va tio ns yN o. o f i nn ov at ive pa rtn er sh ip s es ta bl ish ed (n at io na l/l oc al le ve l) ac ro ss g eo gr ap hi es . yN o. o f j oi nt re se ar ch pr op os al s w rit te n to co -m ob iliz e fu nd s fro m d on or s an d go ve rn m en t M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , EA BC RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , E AB C, pr iva te a ct or s, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s 3. P er io di ca lly o rg an ize w or ks ho ps , c on fe re nc es , an d se m in ar s to st re ng th en n et w or ki ng , co or di na tio n fo r A E- fo cu se d ad vi so ry s er vi ce s ‘co nt en t, an d kn ow le dg e ex ch an ge yN o. o f e ve nt s or ga ni ze d M oA , E IA R, HL Is , A TI , EA BC RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , E AB C, pr iva te a ct or s, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 82 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 4. D es ig n an d im pl em en t co lla bo ra tiv e AE in no va tio n re se ar ch in iti at ive s yN o. o f A E- in te rfa ce d re se ar ch in iti at ive s de sig ne d an d im pl em en te d at va rio us s ca le s (fi el d, fa rm , l an ds ca pe ) an d FT Cs / f ar m er s/ cli m at e fie ld s ch oo ls M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , EA BC RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , E AB C, pr iva te a ct or s, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s 4. P ar tic ip at or y re se ar ch , k no w le dg e co -c re at io n of in no va tio n fo r A E- ad vi so ry s er vi ce s ex te ns io n 1. C on du ct n ee ds as se ss m en ts to u nd er st an d lo ca liz ed A E ch al le ng es an d fa rm er s’ re qu ire m en ts yT yp es a nd N o. o f A E- sp ec ifi c ch al le ng es an d co rre sp on di ng in no va tiv e so lu tio ns do cu m en te d M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , E AB C, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 83 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 2, C o- de sig n AE -fo cu se d re se ar ch p ro je ct s to id en tif y th e co rre sp on di ng be st b et /in no va tiv e so lu tio ns yN o. o f r es ea rc h co - de sig ne d pr oj ec ts an d ac tiv iti es yT yp e of m on ito rin g an d ev al ua tio n (M &E ) t oo ls de ve lo pe d an d us ed . yN o. o f M &E co nd uc te d M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , E AB C, pr iva te a ct or s, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s 3. Im pl em en t p ar tic ip at or y fie ld tr ia ls to te st A E pr ac tic es , t hu s al lo w in g fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s to e xp er ie nc e an d ev al ua te re su lts yN o. o f A E ad vi so ry tri al s id en tif ie d fo r p ar tic ip at or y im pl em en ta tio n yN o. o f p ar tic ip at or y AE P tri al s/ te st ed an d ev al ua te d M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, NG Os , G IZ , SW R, C BO s, co op er at ive un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s 4. O rg an ize fo ru m s (e .g ., fie ld d ay s, c om m un ity m ee tin gs ) f or fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s to s ha re sk ills a nd k no w le dg e on ac hi ev em en ts a nd s uc ce ss st or ie s (e nd -li ne ) yN o. o f c om m un ity ev en ts o rg an ize d ov er ti m e yN o. o f p ar tic ip an ts ac ro ss e ve nt s M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, NG Os , G IZ , SW R, C BO s, co op er at ive un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 84 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 5. A da pt a fr am ew or k fo r as se ss in g th e im pa ct s of AE p ra ct ice s at lo ca liz ed sc al es , a lo ng w ith fa rm er s’ fe ed ba ck yN o. o f e xis tin g AE pr ac tic es b as el in e in fo .) yN o. o f i nn ov at io ns in tro du ce d an d im pl em en te d by th e pr o- AE a nd co m m un iti es o f pr ac tic e (C oP s) yN o. o f v al id at ed A E in no va tio ns M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, NG Os , G IZ , SW R, C BO s, pr iva te a ct or s, co op er at ive - un io ns , fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s, fin an ce rs , tra ct or o r ch em ica l sp ra y se rv ice pr ov id er s 6. C on du ct a n im pa ct as se ss m en t t o do cu m en t su cc es sf ul A E pr ac tic es an d in no va tio ns (r ea di ne ss fo r s ca lin g) yD ig ita l i m pa ct as se ss m en t t oo l cu st om ize d/ de ve lo pe d, a nd em pl oy ed . yN o. o f s uc ce ss fu l AE - i nn ov at io ns a nd st or ie s do cu m en te d M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os , St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 85 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 7. S ca lin g su cc es sf ul AE in no va tio ns a cr os s di ffe re nt g eo gr ap hi es a nd lo ca l c om m un iti es . yN o. o f s ca le d AE in no va tio ns yN o. o f c om m un iti es of p ra ct ice s ad dr es se d M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, NG Os , G IZ , SW R, C BO s, co op er at ive - un io ns 5. D ev el op d ig ita l di ss em in at io n ch an ne ls /h ub s to m ee t l oc al la ng ua ge re qu ir em en ts fo r A E- ad vi so ry ( hu m an - ce nt re d de si gn / H CD ) 1. E va lu at io n of th e ex ist in g di ss em in at io n sy st em s to id en tif y th e ga p fo r i nt er ve nt io n 2. S yn th es ize ‘c on te nt / pr od uc t’ (b es t p ra ct ice ) f or di ss em in at io n yN o. o f c on te nt s de ve lo pe d on th e be st A E in no va tio n an d em be dd ed in to th e di gi ta l t oo ls yN o. o f d ig ita l t oo ls ad ap te d/ cu st om ize d/ de ve lo pe d, o r b ra nd - ne w A E in no va tio ns so ftw ar e yN o. o f b es t A E ‘co nt en ts ’ t ra ns la te d to d iff er en t l oc al la ng ua ge s yF re qu en cy o f di ss em in at io n pe r se as on /in -s ea so n M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, NG Os , G IZ , SW R, C BO s, fin an ce rs (in su ra nc e, cr ed it) 3. B ui ld in g di gi ta l in fra st ru ct ur e (h ar dw ar e) at lo ca l k no w le dg e ce nt re s to e nh an ce d ig ita l l ite ra cy yN o. o f a nd ty pe o f in fra st ru ct ur es / kn ow le dg e sh ar in g hu bs e st ab lis he d at a lo ca liz ed s ca le M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA s, RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 86 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 4. D ev el op a u se r-f rie nd ly di gi ta l p la tfo rm (s of tw ar e) (w eb sit e an d/ or m ob ile ap p) in m ul tip le la ng ua ge s yN o. o f u se r-f rie nd ly di gi ta l p la tfo rm s de ve lo pe d yN o. o f l oc al la ng ua ge s ac co m m od at ed : M ob ile A pp /A I-A ge nt EI AR , M oA , CG IA R in co lla bo ra tio n w ith d ig ita l so lu tio n pr ov id er s (e .g ., AC AT EC H PL C, th at ar e so ftw ar e de ve lo pe r) , th ro ug h a pu bl ic- pr iva te pa rtn er sh ip 5. T ra in lo ca l f ac ilit at or s on a gr oe co lo gi ca l in no va tio ns a nd e ffe ct ive co m m un ica tio n st ra te gi es yN o. o f f ac ilit at or s tra in ed a nd fo llo w er s da ta yN o. o f i m pa ct ed fa rm er s/ co m m un iti es of p ra ct ice (C oP s) du e to fa cil ita to rs ’ in te rv en tio n y y y M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA , RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 87 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 6. A cc el er at in g ta ilo re d D ig ita l Cl im at e In fo rm at io n Se rv ic es ( CI S) to s up po rt A E in no va tio ns 1. C o- cr ea tio n of s ea so na l/ su b- se as on al w ea th er fo re ca st a nd c lim at e pr ed ict io n yF re qu en cy o f co ns en su s- ba se d co - cr ea tio n of c lim at e pr ed ict io n) a nd re le as ed p er y ea r EM I, EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is EM I b ra nc h of fic es , M oA , ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R 2. S ea so na l a nd in -s ea so n cli m at e in fo rm at io n tra ns la tio n in to d ig ita l AE -a dv iso ry to m in im ize ris ks o f b ad c lim at e (fo e) or ta ke a dv an ta ge o f g oo d cli m at e (fr ie nd ) yN o. o f t ra ns la te d se as on al c lim at e pr ed ict io n an d w ea th er fo re ca st in g EM I, EI AR , HL Is , A TI a nd M oA /E xt en sio n EM I, EI AR , RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, W B, Af DB 3. D iss em in at io n of A E- cli m at e- ad vi so ry s er vi ce s us in g di gi ta l c ha nn el s/ to ol s yF re qu en cy o f A E- ad vi so ry s er vi ce s ex te ns io n us in g di gi ta l d iss em in at io n ch an ne ls EM I, EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is a nd M oA / Ex te ns io n, A TI (8 02 8 Ho tli ne ) Ex te ns io n se rv ice s CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 88 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L yN o. o f b un dl ed co re A E in no va tio ns (e .g ., dr ou gh t/ w at er lo gg in g to le ra nt c ro p va rie ty , i m pr ov ed an im al b re ed s) a nd co m pl em en ta ry in no va tio ns (e .g ., in su ra nc e or c re di t, cr op / l ive st oc k di se as es a nd pe st s pr ot ec tio n, m ec ha ni ze d se rv ice s, et c.) yN o. o f f ee db ac k re ce ive d fo r c o- le ar ni ng a nd en ha nc in g se rv ice s 7. E ns ur e AE in no va tio ns ’ in st itu tio na liz at io n, sc al in g, a nd su st ai na bi lit y w ith in th e AE c om m un iti es of p ra ct ic e (C oP s) 1. A ss ig ni ng fo ca l p oi nt s at re le va nt g ov er nm en t of fic es to in st itu tio na liz e or m ai ns tre am in to th e go ve rn m en t’s n or m al de ve lo pm en t p la ns , pr og ra m m es , p ro je ct s an d ac tiv iti es yN o. o f i ns tit ut io ns ow ne d or es ta bl ish ed ‘D es k’ fo r t he p ro m ot io n of AE in no va tio ns yN o. o f f oc al p er so ns an d ex pe rts de di ca te d to th e AE in no va tio ns M oA , E IA R, EM I, AT I EM I b ra nc h of fic es , EI AR re se ar ch ce nt re s, HL Is St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 89 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 2. E vi de nc e ge ne ra tio n re se ar ch fo r s ca lin g th e AE -in no va tio ns to m ax im ize th e nu m be r of fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts re ac he d th ro ug h fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s, tr ai ni ng ce nt re s an d an d ot he r ap pr op ria te e nt ry p oi nt s. yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s tra in ed an d pa rti cip at ed in co nt in uo us /it er at ive tra in in g. yN o. o f f ar m er s / pa st or al ist s re ac he d ou t b y re gi on s yN o. o f i nf lu en ce d ta rg et g ro up s (c om m un ity o f pr ac tic es , l ive lih oo ds et c.) yA re a of h ec ta re s co ve re d by A E in no va tio ns b y ge og ra ph y M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI Bo A, R AR Is , HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 90 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 3. M ea su re th e su st ai na bi lit y of in no va tiv e AE p ra ct ice s in te rm s of a g ive n in no va tio n’ s af fo rd ab ilit y, ac ce ss ib ilit y, an d le ve l o f a cc ep ta nc e yV ol um e of a na ly se d tim e se rie s da ta on th e nu m be r of c om m un iti es in vo lve d in th e AE in no va tiv e pr ac tic es yN o. o f s us ta in ed AE in no va tio ns by c om m un iti es (e m be dd in g in to fa rm er s’ rit ua l pr ac tic es )  d ur ab le or s ho rt- liv ed M oA , E IA R, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI RB oA , RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is CG IA R, N GO s, GI Z, S W R, CB Os 8. D ev el op in g ca pa ci ty a m on g na tio na l r es ea rc h, ed uc at io n, a nd ex te ns io n sy st em s to c o- cr ea te kn ow le dg e an d sk ill on a gr oe co lo gi ca l re se ar ch , in no va tio ns , a nd pr ac tic es 1. D es ig n an d de ve lo p re se ar ch p ro je ct p ro po sa ls fo r i nn ov at ive A E so lu tio ns th at c an b e ga m e- ch an ge rs yN o. o f a pp ro ve d AE in te rfa ce d re se ar ch pr op os al s an d fu nd ed fr om th e ce nt ra l t re as ur y ac ro ss p ar tn er in g in st itu tio ns yN o. o f p ro je ct s fu nd ed fr om th e ex te rn al s ou rc es EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , E M I RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E M I- br an ch of fic es CG IA R, C BO s, lo ca l N GO s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 91 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 2. C on du ct o n- st at io n ex pe rim en ts to e va lu at e an in no va tiv e so lu tio n Co nd uc t o n- st at io n ex pe rim en ts to e va lu at e in no va tiv e so lu tio ns yN o. o f p ro je ct s im pl em en te d ac ro ss NA RS c en tre s 3. C on du ct o n- fa rm pi lo tin g an d va lid at io n of th e m os t p ro m isi ng in no va tio ns to g en er at e ev id en ce o f t ec hn ica l ef fic ie nc y an d fin an cia l vi ab ilit y fo r s ca lin g pu rp os es yN o. o f s uc ce ss fu l va lid at io n pl ot s ac ro ss g eo gr ap hi es EI AR , E AA , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , E M I RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E M I- br an ch of fic es EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , EM I 4. D ev el op a nd e xe cu te re se ar ch o n AE in no va tio ns ai m ed a t s ca lin g an d ex pa nd in g ou tre ac h fo r ev id en ce g en er at io n yN o. o f g rid s id en tif ie d as s ui ta bl e fo r A E- in no va tio n sc al in g yA re a/ he ct ar e co ve re d by p ro ve n AE -in no va tio n yN o. o f i nt eg ra te d/ bu nd le d in no va tio ns EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , E M I RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E M I- br an ch of fic es EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , EM I St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 92 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (8 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ in st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l Re gi on al N G O s/ CB O s/ CG S M L 5. C on du ct te m po -s pa tia l m od el lin g re se ar ch to fa cil ita te th e ex tra po la tio n of p ro ve n AE in no va tio ns to a gr o- ec ol og ie s w ith sim ila r e nv iro nm en ta l ch ar ac te ris tic s as p ilo t ar ea s, u til izi ng a dv an ce d te ch no lo gi es s uc h as sa te llit es a nd d ro ne s fo r re m ot e se ns in g yN o. o f a dv an ce d/ hi gh -re so lu tio n sa te llit e- as sis te d bu nd le d (c or e pl us co m pl em en ta ry ) A E- in no va tio ns yN o. o f A E- in no va tio ns pe rfo rm in g be st a t a re as o f ex tra po la tio n (la nd / cr op p ro du ct iv ity , pr of ita bi lit y, an d en vi ro nm en ta l su st ai na bi lit y) . EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , E M I RA RI s, ag ric ul tu re HL Is , E M I- br an ch of fic es EI AR , ag ric ul tu re HL Is , A TI , EM I St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 2. C on tin ue 93 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3: S up po rt m ar ke t s ys te m d ev el op m en t St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 1. I m pr ov e fa rm er a cc es s to s us ta in ab le in pu ts a nd m ar ke ts 1. C on du ct ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut s m ar ke t s ys te m a na ly sis an d de ve lo pm en t yN o. o f a gr oe co lo gi ca l in pu t m ar ke t s ys te m an al ys es c on du ct ed or n o. o f m ar ke t m ap pi ng c om pl et ed yN o. o f P ol icy re co m m en da tio ns de ve lo pe d M oA , E IA R, EA A, A TI Bo A, re gi on al in pu t re gu la to ry au th or ity , R SE GI Z, S NV , I SD , PE LU M , M EL CA , W RI 2. T ra in p ro du ce rs o n ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut s pr od uc tio n an d or ga ni ze B2 B yN o. o f t ra in ed pr od uc er s yN o. o f B 2B li nk ag es co nd uc te d. y% in cr ea se in in pu t ad op tio n M oA , M oT RI , AT I, EC C Bo A, re gi on al in pu t re gu la to ry Au th or ity , RS E, re gi on al Tr ad e an d M ar ke t De ve lo pm en t Bu re au , C PA , GI Z, S NV , I SD , PE LU M , M EL CA , W RI 3. S up po rt th e es ta bl ish m en t o f co m m un ity s ee d ba nk s an d se ed e nt er pr ise s to gu ar an te e tim el y ac ce ss to q ua lit y an d di ve rs e se ed s yN o. o f c om m un ity se ed b an ks s up po rte d yN o. o f l oc al se ed e nt er pr ise s es ta bl ish ed yV ol um e of d ive rs e se ed s di st rib ut ed yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ a gr o- pa st or al ist s ac ce ss ed di ve rs e se ed s, yS ee d di ve rs ity in de x M oA , A TI , EC C, E BI , EA A, E AB C, ES I, ES E, EH PE A Bo A, C PA , AT I, EB I, RS E Et hi o- or ga ni c se ed ac tio n, M EL CA , SN V, S W R co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 94 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 4. E st ab lis h/ st re ng th en ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut ac to rs (f ar m er s’ co op er at ive s, S M Es , Pu bl ic an d pr iva te en te rp ris es ) t o pr ov id e in pu ts a nd e xt en sio n se rv ice s, in clu di ng di gi ta l p la tfo rm s yN o. o f i np ut a ct or s es ta bl ish ed / st re ng th en ed yV ol um e of ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut s su pp lie d yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ a gr o- pa st or al ist s re ac he d vi a di gi ta l p la tfo rm s. yN o. o f c oo pe ra tiv es / SM Es s up po rte d yN o. o f d ig ita l p la tfo rm op er at io na l. M oA , AT I, EC C, Et hi ot el ec om , M oL S, Bo A, A TI , EC C, Et hi ot el ec om , Bo LS A, K ifi ya LE RS HA , P xD , TN S, S NV , D G 5. P ro m ot e in clu siv e ag ro ec ol og y in pu ts , fin an ce a nd in ve st m en t fu nd ta ilo re d to ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut ac to rs a nd a cc es s to lo w -in te re st “g re en lo an s” yA m ou nt o f l oa n di sb ur se d yN o. o f i np ut a ct or s ac ce ss ed lo w -in te re st “g re en lo an s” yN o. o f A gr oe co lo gy fu nd e st ab lis he d yN o. o f a ct or s ac ce ss in g lo an s M oF , D BE , CB E, a nd ot he r F Is Bo F, DB E, CB E, Ru SA CC O, an d ot he r F Is PU LA co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue 95 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 6. In st itu tio na liz e an d st an da rd ize ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut s ce rti fic at io n an d qu al ity co nt ro l yA gr oe co lo gi ca l i np ut ty pe s st an da rd ize d an d ce rti fie d Ag ro ec ol og ica l i np ut ce rti fic at io n sc he m e in st itu tio na liz ed yN o. o f c er tif ie d in pu ts ES I, EA A, M oA , E CA E, EF DA , M oI T, BT I, EI PA Bo A, R eg io na l in pu t Re gu la to ry Au th or ity IF OA M , S W R, IS D 2. I nv es t in m ar ke t in fr as tr uc tu re , in cl ud in g ru ra l co lle ct io n ce nt re s, c ol d st or ag e, an d lo ca l pr oc es si ng un its 1. C on st ru ct c ol le ct io n an d ag gr eg at io n ce nt re s at c lu st er le ve l, su pp or te d w ith d ig ita l in ve nt or y sy st em s yN o. o f c ol le ct io n ce nt re s co ns tru ct ed yN o. o f d ig ita l i nv en to ry sy st em d ep lo ye d yV ol um e ag gr eg at ed M oA , E CX , ET BC , A TI , EC C, T el ec om Bo A, R eg io na l Tr ad e an d M D AT I, EC C, Te le co m TN S, 2. P ro m ot e ec o- fri en dl y co ld c ha in fa cil iti es yN o. o f e co -fr ie nd ly co ld c ha in s pr om ot ed , en er gy e ffi cie nc y ra tin g y% re du ct io n in p os t- ha rv es t l os s M oT L, M oT RI , M oA Re gi on al Bu re au o f M ar ke t a nd Tr ad e EH PE A, P riv at e lo gi st ic se rv ice pr ov id er s, c ol d ch ai n su pp lie rs 3. S up po rt/ In ve st in th e de ve lo pm en t o f pr oc es sin g fa cil iti es a nd ru ra l t ra ns fo rm at io n ce nt re s (R TC s) w ith fo od q ua lit y st an da rd s th at e m br ac e fa rm er co op er at ive s, M SM Es , an d ru ra l y ou th . yN o. o f p ro ce ss in g fa cil iti es /R TC su pp or te d yN o. o f p ro ce ss or s su pp or te d/ en ga ge d M oI , M oA , EC C, M oL S, IP DC , E SI , EF DP RI , EF DA Bo I, Bo A, CP A, B oL S UN ID O, G iZ , S NV , TN S, St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 96 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 4. U pg ra de ru ra l f ee de r ro ad s an d lin k w ith in fra st ru ct ur e an d tra ns po rt ne tw or ks yK m o f u pg ra de d ru ra l ro ad s y% o f m ar ke t a cc es s im pr ov ed M oT L, E RA Re gi on al Bu re au o f ro ad a nd lo gi st ics He lve ta s, Ha bi ta t4 Hu m an ity 5. E st ab lis h w as te m an ag em en t u ni ts a t m aj or a gg re ga tio n an d pr oc es sin g ce nt re s yN o. o f w as te m an ag em en t u ni ts es ta bl ish ed , w as te re cy cli ng ra te En vi ro nm en ta l co m pl ia nc e M oI , E PA , EA A, M oH , ES I Re gi on al C ity Ad m in , S M Es , Re gi on al E PA IS D, G iZ , S NV , PE LU M , M EL CA , FA O 6. S up po rt qu al ity co nt ro l l ab s sa fe gu ar di ng ag ro ec ol og ica l p ro du ct sa fe ty . yN o. o f q ua lit y co nt ro l la bs e st ab lis he d or No . o f l ab s op er at io na l Pr od uc t s af et y co m pl ia nc e La b ac cr ed ita tio n st at us EF DA , EA A, E SI , M oA , E PA , M oH , E M I/ Ca lib er at io n BF DA , Re gi on al AA , E SI , Bo H, B oA , EP A, E M I/ Ca lib ra tio n Hi lin a Fo od /B le ss , JJ L ab o, P as to r In st itu te , 7. E st ab lis h an ag ro ec ol og y pr od uc ts m ar ke tin g ou tle t yN o. o f m ar ke t o ut le ts cr ea te d, yS al es v ol um e C on su m er re ac h M oA , M oT RI , EC C, A TI , ET BC /T ra de co rp or at io n, EC X Tr ad e bu re au EH PE A 8. C on st ru ct re gi on al co ld c ha in h ub s w ith so la r b ac ku p yN o. o f c ol d ch ai n hu bs es ta bl ish ed M oT L, M oA , M oW E, EH PE A, E IC , AT I, Te le co m Pr iva te c ol d ch ai n an d ac ce ss or y su pp lie rs Gi Z, S NV , M er cy Co rp s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue 97 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 3. F ac ili ta te lin ks b et w ee n ag ro ec ol og ic al in pu t su pp lie rs , pr od uc er s, pr oc es so rs , re ta ile rs , a nd in st itu tio na l bu ye rs 1. F ac ilit at e m ar ke t lin ka ge s an d co nt ra ct fa rm in g ar ra ng em en ts be tw ee n pr od uc er s an d re lia bl e in st itu tio na l bu ye rs a nd a m p; e xp or t yN o. o f c on tra ct s sig ne d Am ou nt o f p ro du ce so ld M oT RI , M oA , EC X, E CC , ES A, E TB C Bo A, C PA , AT I, Tr ad e bu re au , Gi Z, S NV , i DE , TN S, M er cy C or ps , SH A, F ai r P la ne t, fa rm er s’ co op s 2. D ev el op in st itu tio na l pr oc ur em en t fra m ew or ks a nd e m be d ag ro ec ol og ica l s ou rc in g in to th e na tio na l f oo d po lic y yP ro cu re m en t fra m ew or k/ gu id el in es de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d y% o f a gr oe co lo gi ca l pr od uc ts s ou rc ed M oA , M oT RI , EF DA , M oD P, M oF , M oE , M oH , M ay or ’s of fic e Bo A, T ra de an d M D, B oF , Bo E, B oH , M ay or ’s of fic e W FP , S NV , F AO , Gi Z, H RF , O xf am , Ac tio n Ai d, C RS , co op s, S LU F, PH E 3. D ev el op a nd e xp an d di gi ta l a nd p hy sic al m ar ke tin g pl at fo rm s yN o. o f p la tfo rm s es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f t ra ns ac tio ns , an d vo lu m e so ld M oT RI , M oA , A TI , EC X, E CC , EI C, IN SA , Te le co m Bo A, T ra de an d M D, Co op s, IC T Ag en cy , M ay or ’s of fic e, La nd A dm in Di gi ta l G re en /D G, SN V, O xf am , W FP , Gi Z, IL RI , F ar m Af ric a, F AO , 4. O rg an ize a nd in st itu tio na liz e ag ro ec ol og y tra de fa irs , B2 B, a nd m ul ti- st ak eh ol de r a nd M SP s yN o. o f B 2B e ve nt s co nd uc te d or # o f ev en ts h el d yS ta ke ho ld er pa rti cip at io n De al s clo se d M oA , M oT RI , M oI , AT I, EC C, Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce , EI C, C ity Ad m in Bo A, T ra de , Co op s Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce , Ci ty A dm in SN V, O xf am , IL RI , E PH EA , pr iva te tr ad e fa ir or ga ni ze rs St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 98 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 5. S tre ng th en fa rm er - pr od uc er g ro up s to e nh an ce th ei r ba rg ai ni ng p ow er yN o. o f f ar m er s’ gr ou ps st re ng th en ed /fo rm ed EC C, M oA , M oL S, A TI Co op , B oA , Tr ad e, B oL S, AT I SN V, O xf am , G iZ , W FP , F ar m A fri ca 6. D ev el op n at io na l ag ro e co lo gy p ro du ct st an da rd s yN at io na l a gr oe co lo gy st an da rd d ev el op ed ES I, EA A, M oA , E CA E, EF DA , M oI T, BT I, EI PA , EP HI Bo A, T ra de an d Bo H FA O, S NV , O xf am , IF OA M , U ND P, UN ID O 7. S up po rt pr od uc t di ffe re nt ia tio n, br an di ng , t ra ce ab ilit y, an d ec o- la be llin g sy st em s yT yp e of A gr oe co lo gy pr od uc t d iff er en tia te d (b ra nd ed ) yN o. o f p ro du ce rs a nd en te rp ris es a do pt ed th e tra ce ab ilit y sy st em ES I, M oT RI , EA A, M oA , M oI , E FD A, EC C Bo A, T ra de , Co op s, Re gi on al st an da rd a nd qu al ity c on tro l un its , T ou ris m FA O, S NV , O xf am , IF OA M , U ND P, UN ID O, E HP EA , Co nt ro l U ni on , BC S, E ur o- CE RT 8. P ro vi de b us in es s an d te ch ni ca l s ki ll tra in in g to a gr oe co lo gy m ar ke t ac to rs yN o. o f m ar ke t ac to rs tr ai ne d Bu sin es s gr ow th ra te M oA , M oT RI , M oL S, E IA R, HL I, Bo A, T ra de , Bo LS , SA A, E DI , S W R, Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 99 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 4. P ro m ot e lo ca l pr oc es si ng , pa ck ag in g, an d ec o- la be lli ng th at in cr ea se pr od uc t va lu e an d tr ac ea bi lit y 1. E ns ur e ec o- fri en dl y pa ck ag in g so lu tio ns (b io de gr ad ab le o r re cy cla bl e m at er ia ls) yE co -fr ie nd ly p ac ka gi ng so lu tio ns in tro du ce d ES I, EA A, M oA , E PA , EC AE , E FD A, EI C, M oT RI Tr ad e, In ve st m en t, Fo re st a nd En vi ro nm en t bu re au s M SM Es , S NV 2. E ng ag e pr iva te s ec to r ac to rs in A gr oe co lo gi ca l pr od uc t p ro ce ss in g an d pa ck ag in g yN o. o f p riv at e se ct or ac to rs /fi rm s en ga ge d yI nv es tm en t v ol um e Pr od uc t d ive rs ity EI C, M oA , M oI , I PD C Pr iva te p ro ce ss in g co m pa ni es an d pa ck ag in g m at er ia ls su pp lie rs , m an uf ac tu re r an d co m m od ity as so cia tio ns 3. P ro vi de ag ro ec ol og ica l pr oc es sin g in ce nt ive s yI nc en tiv e sc he m e la un ch ed yN o. o f a gr oe co lo gi ca l pr oc es so rs re ce ive d yI nc en tiv es yR OI o n in ce nt ive s M oF , D BE , an d ot he r FI s, M oI , M oA , E IC , M oL S, M oR Bo F, FI s, B oI , Bo A, II b ur eu Bo LS , B oR 4. S up po rt pr oc es so rs in q ua lit y ce rti fic at io n sc he m es yN o. o f p ro ce ss or s ce rti fie d yC om pl ia nc e ra te yE xp or t r ea di ne ss ES I, M oA , M oT RI , E AA , EC AE , E EP A, M oH Bo A, T ra de , Ag ric re gu la to ry , Bo H, E PA , Jo b cr ea tio n, en te rp ris es FA O, S NV , O xf am , IF OA M , U ND P, UN ID O, E HP EA , Co nt ro l U ni on , BC S, E ur o- CE RT St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 100 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 30 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Ti m ef ra m e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns CS O s/ N G O s/ CB O s/ O th er s S M L 5. P ro vi de te ch ni ca l a nd bu sin es s sk ills tr ai ni ng fo r p ro ce ss or s yN o. o f p ro ce ss or s tra in ed yS ki ll im pr ov em en t in de x Bu sin es s pe rfo rm an ce M oI , M oL S, M oA , A TI , M oT RI Bo I, Bo LS , Bo A, A TI , Tr ad e, T VE T UN ID O, G iZ , S NV , TN S, 6. O rg an ize a nd tr ai n w om en a nd y ou th gr ou ps to p ro vi de bu sin es s de ve lo pm en t se rv ice s yN o. o f y ou th g ro up s es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f y ou th g ro up s tra in ed yN o. o f p ro ce ss or s re ce ive d BD s er vi ce yS er vi ce s pr ov id ed yI nc om e ge ne ra te d M oI , M oL S, M oA , A TI , M oT RI , M oE , ED I Bo I, Bo LS , Bo A, A TI , Tr ad e, T VE T UN ID O, G iZ , S NV , TN S, C ha m be r o f Co m m er ce 7. P ro m ot e co ns um er aw ar en es s an d de m an d fo r s af e, h yg ie ni c, a nd va lu e- ad de d pr od uc ts yN o. o f c am pa ig ns co nd uc te d yA w ar en es s in de x yP ro du ct d em an d M oA , M oH , Et hi op ia n M ed ia Au th or ity (E M A) , M oI T, M oE , M oT RI Co ns um er as so cia tio n, IS D, GA IN , P EL UM , PA N, 8. F ac ilit at e ta ilo re d fin an cia l p ro du ct s an d se rv ice s in p ro ce ss in g, pa ck ag in g, a nd e co - la be llin g te ch no lo gi es yN o. o f p ro ce ss or s re ce ive d fin an cia l pr od uc ts a nd s er vi ce s yN o. o f p ro du ct s la un ch ed M oF , N BE , DB E, a nd ot he r F Is , EC C, Co op s, F Is , Ru SA CC O an d SA CC Os Pr iva te S AC CO s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 3. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 101 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4: C re at e an e na bl in g en vi ro nm en t f or p ol ic y an d go ve rn an ce S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 1. P ol ic y en ac tm en t, am en dm en t, an d al ig nm en t/ in te gr at io n fo r th e pr om ot io n of a gr oe co lo gy (s ub si dy , l an d re fo rm , E co ce rt ifi ca tio n, ta x ex em pt io n, e tc .) 1. P ro m ot e fo r th e en ac tm en t, am en dm en t, al ig nm en t, an d in te gr at io n of po lic ie s (s ub sid ie s an d in ce nt ive s) fo r t he p ro m ot io n of in te gr at ed ag ro ec ol og y pr ac tic es yN o. o f p ol ici es en ac te d, yN o. o f p ol ici es am en de d yN o. o f p ol ici es al ig ne d M oA , M oR (M in ist ry of R ev en ue ), Et hi op ia n Cu st om s Co m m iss io n, M oP D, EP A, E BI , M oH , FD A, E PH I, EI AR un ive rs iti es Bo A, B oF , R EP A, Bo H, R AR Is Et hi op ia n Su st ai na bl e Fo od S ys te m an d ag ro ec ol og y co ns or tiu m (E SF AC ), Co op s, pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A (E th io pi an Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce an d Se ct or ia l As so cia tio n) , co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es (fa rm er s, pa st or al ist s, a nd ag ro -p as to ra lis ts ) 2. M ai ns tre am ag ro ec ol og y in to k ey n at io na l de ve lo pm en t st ra te gi es (e .g ., fo od s ec ur ity , cli m at e, a nd la nd - us e pl an s) yN o. o f s tra te gi es / pr og ra m m es /p la ns m ai ns tre am ed ag ro ec ol og y pr in cip le s an d pr ac tic es M oA , M oP D, M oH , M oW SA , M oT RI , E PA , E IA R, un ive rs iti es , M oE Bo A, B oP C, Bo H, B oW SA , Bo T, E PA , B oE , RA RI s, B oL ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es 102 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 3. D ev el op le ga l fra m ew or ks fo r ec o- la be llin g an d or ga ni c ce rti fic at io n fo r o rg an ic pr od uc ts y No . o f l eg al fra m ew or ks de ve lo pe d y No . o f o rg an ic pr od uc ts e co - la be lle d an d ce rti fie d M oA , M oP D, M oT RI , IE S( In st itu te of E th io pi an St an da rd s) , F DA , EP HI Bo A, B oP C, Bo H, B oT EC CS A 4. A dv oc at e fo r la nd u se re fo rm (c om m un al , p riv at e, pu bl ic) in fa vo ur of a gr oe co lo gy pr ac tic es yH ec ta re o f l an d pr ot ec te d / de m ar ca te d fo r ag ro ec ol og ica l fa rm in g yN o. o f p eo pl e ad op te d ag ro ec ol og ica l pr ac tic es o n th ei r fa rm s M oA , M oP D, M oW SA , H PR E PA , EI AR , u ni ve rs iti es , M oE Bo A, B oP C, Bo H, B oW SA , RC (r eg io na l co un cil s) , B oE . RA RI s ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, c om m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es (fa rm er s, pa st or al ist s, a nd ag ro -p as to ra lis ts ) 5. D ev el op a pa rtn er sh ip a m on g th e pu bl ic, p riv at e, an d co m m un ity (P PP C) to e nh an ce th e ag ro ec ol og y sy st em yN o. o f p ar tn er sh ip s es ta bl ish ed M oA , M oT RI Bo A, B oT Co op s, th e pr iva te se ct or , E CC SA , a nd CB Os 103 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 6. D ev el op a m ec ha ni sm fo r r es ou rc e m ob iliz at io n an d ch an ne llin g fo r ag ro ec ol og y yN o. o f m ec ha ni sm s de ve lo pe d an d fu nc tio na l Va lu e of re so ur ce m ob iliz ed a nd ch an ne lle d M oA , M oP D, M oF Bo A, P C, B oF ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, c om m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es (fa rm er s, pa st or al ist s, a nd ag ro -p as to ra lis ts ) 7. C on du ct a s tu dy an d ge ne ra te ev id en ce fo r po lic ym ak in g, in clu di ng u rb an - ru ra l c on te xt ua l st ud ie s fo r t he re gi on al s ta te s e. g. , Re gi on al la nd u se pl an ni ng . y No . o f s tu di es co nd uc te d yN o. o f s tu dy do cu m en ts p ro du ce d yN o. o f s tu dy do cu m en ts p ro du ce d yN o. o f r eg io ns ad dr es se d in th e st ud ie s M oA , E IA R, A TI , EP SI (E th io pi an Po lic y St ud y In st itu te ), un ive rs iti es Bo A, R AR Is , un ive rs iti es ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, c om m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es (fa rm er s, pa st or al ist s, a nd ag ro -p as to ra lis ts ) 8. P ro m ot e po lic ie s an d in ce nt ive s th at s up po rt su st ai na bl e pa st ur e an d ra ng el an d m an ag em en t, in clu di ng re se ar ch on e ffi cie nt fo dd er a nd ra ng e pr od uc tiv ity in pa st or al a nd a gr o- pa st or al a re as yN o. o f p ol ici es de ve lo pe d/ am en de d/ al ig ne d yN o. o f r es ea rc h co nd uc te d M oA , M oI LL (M in ist ry of Ir rig at io n an d Lo w L an d) , M oP D, M oW SA , H PR E PA , EI AR , u ni ve rs iti es , M oE Bo A, B oI LL , PC , B oW SA , EP A, R AR I, un ive rs iti es , Bo E ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS , C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 104 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 9. D ev el op gu id el in es o n ur ba n- ru ra l w as te cir cu la tio n, n ut rie nt re cy cli ng , a nd a gr o ec ol og y al ig ne d w ith ur ba n ag ric ul tu re yN o. o f g ui de lin es de ve lo pe d yN o. o f a do pt ed ag ro ec ol og y al ig ne d pr ac tic es yN o. o f r ec yc lin g ce nt re s es ta bl ish ed an d vo lu m e of nu tri en ts g en er at ed M oA , E PA , M oP D, Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce , a nd Se ct or al A ss oc ia tio n (C CS A) Ur ba n cit ie s, RE PA , U rb an Ag ric ul tu re Of fic es a nd M un ici pa lit ie s, Re gi on al Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce , an d Se ct or ia l As so cia tio n (C CS A) Re gi on al C ha m be r of C om m er ce an d Se ct or ia l As so cia tio n (R CC SA ), Co op s, pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS , C SO s, a nd CB Os 2. C ol la bo ra tio n am on g st ak eh ol de rs fo r p ol ic y co he re nc e an d pa rt ic ip at or y en ga ge m en t 1. E st ab lis h a fu nc tio na l u ni t/ de pa rtm en t i n th e re le va nt in st itu tio ns (F ed er al a nd Re gi on al S ta te s) yN o. o f f ed er al a nd re gi on al s ta te s th at e st ab lis he d “A gr oe co lo gy U ni ts / De pa rtm en ts ” M oA , E PA , M oP D Re gi on al S ta te s, Ci ty Ad m in ist ra tio ns Re gi on al C ha m be r of C om m er ce an d Se ct or al As so cia tio n, 2. E st ab lis h a st ee rin g co m m itt ee fo r a gr oe co lo gy go ve rn an ce a nd co or di na tio n at a ll le ve ls yN o. o f s te er in g co m m itt ee es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f k ey d ec isi on s m ad e M oP D, M oA PC , B oA , B oF Co op s, p riv at e se ct or , C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 105 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 3. E st ab lis h m ul ti- st ak eh ol de r ag ro ec ol og y co un cil s at a ll le ve ls (F ed er al to Ke be le ) c om po se d of c om m un iti es , CS Os , C BO s, m ed ia , Ac ad em ia , r es ea rc h, th in k th an k, p riv at e, et c. y No . o f c ou nc ils es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f r es ol ut io ns / de cla ra tio ns p as se d M oA , M oI LL (M in ist ry of Ir rig at io n an d Lo w L an d) , M oP D, M oW SA , H PR E PA , EI AR , u ni ve rs iti es , M oE Bo A, B oI LL , PC , B oW SA , EP A, R AR I, un ive rs iti es , Bo E ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A( Et hi op ia n Ch am be r o f Co m m er ce an d Se ct or ia l As so cia tio n) , co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es (fa rm er s, pa st or al ist s, a nd ag ro -p as to ra lis ts ) 4. C on ve ne re gu la r po lic y di al og ue pl at fo rm s to s ha re kn ow le dg e, m on ito r pr og re ss , a nd en su re c oo rd in at io n yN o. o f p ol icy di al og ue s co nd uc te d yN o. o f b es t pr ac tic es /le ar ni ng co m pi le d yN o. o f p ro ce ed in gs do cu m en te d M oA , M oI LL , M oP D, Bo A, B oI LL , P C ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, c om m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es (fa rm er s, pa st or al ist s, a nd ag ro -p as to ra lis ts ) 3. M on ito ri ng an d ev al ua tio n of a gr oe co lo gy po lic ie s, p la ns , an d fin an ci ng 1. D ev el op ag ro ec ol og y m et ric s al ig ne d w ith o th er n at io na l an d in te rn at io na l co m m itm en ts a nd ta rg et s yN um be r o f ag ro ec ol og y m et ric s de ve lo pe d an d al ig ne d w ith ot he r n at io na l an d in te rn at io na l co m m itm en ts a nd ta rg et s M oA , M oI LL , M oP D, Bo A, B oI LL , P C ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 106 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 2. D ev el op P ol icy im pl em en ta tio n, tra ck in g, a nd re po rti ng to ol s an d ou tp ut s yP ol icy im pl em en ta tio n, tra ck in g, a nd re po rti ng to ol s an d ou tp ut s M oA , M oP D, Bo A, P C ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 3. A llo ca te th e Bu dg et a nd e ns ur e ot he r f in an cia l f lo w s to a gr oe co lo gy in te rv en tio ns yB ud ge ta ry al lo ca tio ns a nd ot he r f in an cia l f lo w s to a gr oe co lo gy in te rv en tio ns M oF , M oA , M oP D Bo F, Bo A, P C Co op s, p riv at e se ct or , C SO s, a nd CB Os 4. I nc lu si ve a nd pa rt ic ip at or y go ve rn an ce fo r eq ui ta bl e ac ce ss to re so ur ce s an d ag ro ec ol og ic al ly fr ie nd ly in no va tio ns 1. D ev el op a nd im pl em en t l an d an d w at er p ol ici es re sp on siv e to m ar gi na liz ed g ro up s (w om en , y ou th , so cia l m in or iti es , PW D et c) to s ec ur e eq ui ta bl e ac ce ss yN o. o f R es po ns ive po lic ie s de ve lo pe d an d im pl em en te d M oA , M oW E, M oP D, M oI LL , M oW SA Bo W E, B oA , P C, Bo W SA ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 107 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 2. E st ab lis h an d su pp or t r es ou rc e m an ag em en t gr ou ps (w at er sh ed co op er at ive s, as so cia tio ns , co m m itt ee s) to m an ag e re so ur ce s tra ns pa re nt ly an d in li ne w ith ag ro ec ol og y pr in cip le s yN o. o f g ro up s es ta bl ish ed a nd su pp or te d M oA , M oF , M oP D, M oI LL , M oW SA , C PC Bo W E, B oA , P C, Bo W SA , C PA ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 3. D ev el op pa rti cip at or y re so ur ce m ap pi ng an d pl an ni ng to ol s to id en tif y an d ad dr es s ac ce ss g ap s an d op po rtu ni tie s yN o. o f i m po rta nt re so ur ce m ap pe d yN o. o f g ap s id en tif ie d an d ad dr es se d M oA , M oW E, M oF , M oP D, M oI LL , M oW SA , S pa ce Sc ie nc e an d Ge os pa tia l I ns tit ut e (S SG I) Bo W E, B oA , P C, Bo W SA ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 4. E na ct p ol ici es to pr om ot e co m m un ity co nt ro l o ve r g en et ic re so ur ce s (s ee d, pl an t, liv es to ck , m icr ob ia l) yN o. o f p ol ici es en ac te d M oA , E BI , E PA , M oP D, E AR I, un ive rs iti es , C PC , M oW SA Bo A, P C, Bo W SA , EP A, R AR I, un ive rs iti es , CP A ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue 108 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 5. F in an ci al m ec ha ni sm s to s up po rt an d sc al e ag ro ec ol og ic al pr ac tic es 1. E st ab lis h a na tio na l ag ro ec ol og y fu nd in g m ec ha ni sm yN o. o f f un di ng m ec ha ni sm es ta bl ish ed ; V al ue o f re so ur ce m ob iliz ed yN o. o f a gr oe co lo gi ca l pr ac tic es fi na nc ed M oA , M oP D, M oF Bo A, P C, B oF ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 2. C re at e ac ce ss to g ra nt s ch em es , cr ed it, lo an s, a nd re vo lv in g fu nd s fo r e co lo gi ca l en tre pr en eu rs a nd co op er at ive s yN o. o f e nt re pr en eu rs su pp or te d y No . o f c oo pe ra tiv es su pp or te d, yA m ou nt o f c ap ita l gr an te d M oF , M oA , M oP D Bo F, Bo A, P C ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 3. P ut in p la ce w ea th er -in de xe d an d ot he r i ns ur an ce pr od uc ts ta ilo re d fo r d ive rs e ag ro ec ol og ica l zo ne s yT yp e of in su ra nc e pr od uc ts d ev el op ed M oA , M oF , M oP D, EM I( Et hi op ia n M et eo ro lo gi ca l In st itu te ), In su ra nc e co m pa ni es Bo F, Bo A, P C, EM A (E th io pi an M et eo ro lo gy Ag en cy ) ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 109 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 4. E st ab lis h a pr iva te p ar tn er sh ip fo r b le nd ed fin an ce to u ph ol d su st ai na bi lit y st an da rd s yN o. o f p ar tn er sh ip s es ta bl ish ed M oA , M oF , M oP D Bo F, Bo A, P C ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 6. B ar ga in in g an d fin an ce ac ce ss to Fa rm er s’ G ro up s an d fa ci lit at in g ac ce ss to la nd , c re di t, an d ex te ns io n fo r y ou th an d w om en fa rm er s/ pa st or al is ts / ag ro - pa st or al is ts 1. P ro vi de le ga l re gi st ra tio n an d ca pa cit y bu ild in g su pp or t f or co op er at ive s on go ve rn an ce a nd re la te d iss ue s y No . o f c oo pe ra tiv es re gi st er ed yN o. o f c oo pe ra tiv es ca pa cit at ed CP C, M oJ , M oA CP A, B oJ , B oA ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 2. F ac ilit at e ac ce ss to w or ki ng c ap ita l an d m ar ke t f or fa rm er , p as to ra l, an d ag ro -p as to ra lis t gr ou ps yN o. o f f ar m er g ro up s ac ce ss ed w or ki ng ca pi ta l yN o. o f m ar ke t lin ka ge s cr ea te d M oA , M oF , M oP D, M oI LL , M oW SA , C PC Bo A, B oF , P C, Bo IL L, B oW SA , CP A ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 3. C re at e la nd al lo ca tio n pr og ra m m es fo r yo ut h an d w om en - le d in iti at ive s yN o. o f y ou th in iti at ive s ac ce ss ed la nd yN o. o f w om en -le d in iti at ive s ac ce ss ed la nd M oA , M oP D, M oW SA Bo A, B oW SA , PC ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 110 S tr at eg ic Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 31 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s/ pr iv at e se ct or / co m m un ity re pr es en ta tiv es S M L 4. D ev el op po ss ib le in ce nt ive m ec ha ni sm s fo r fin an cia l i ns tit ut io ns ta ilo re d to ag ro ec ol og y yN o. o f I nc en tiv e m ec ha ni sm s de ve lo pe d M oA , M oP D, M oF , NB E Bo A, B oP D, B oF ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 5. In ce nt iv ize fin an cia l i ns tit ut io ns to le nd to w om en an d yo ut h in ag ro ec ol og y yN o. o f f in an cia l in st itu tio ns in ce nt iv ize d y No . o f y ou th be ne fit te d yN o. o f w om en be ne fit ed A m ou nt o f fu nd d isb ur se d M oA , M oP D, M oF , NB E Bo A, B oP D, B oF ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 7. E ns ur in g th e ri gh t t o fo od an d nu tr iti on so ve re ig nt y 1. E na ct a n at io na l nu tri tio n la w yN o. o f l aw s en ac te d M oH , M oA , M oP D, EP HI Bo H, B oA , P C ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os 2. In co rp or at e ag ro ec ol og y pr in cip le s w ith in th e fo od s ys te m p ol icy yN o. o f P ol icy re vi se d ES FA C, C oo ps , pr iva te s ec to r, EC CS A, C SO s, a nd CB Os St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 4. C on tin ue 111 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5: S tr en gt he n so ci al in cl us io n an d em po w er m en t St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 1. C re at e a su st ai na bl e an d so ci al ly in cl us iv e kn ow le dg e ba se in te gr at in g ag ro ec ol og y in to th e cu rr ic ul a of fo rm al a nd n on - fo rm al e du ca tio n sy st em s 1. C on du ct s en sit iza tio n an d m as s m ob iliz at io n on a n on go in g an d re gu la r b as is on th e im po rta nc e an d in clu sio n of a gr oe co lo gy in s ch oo l co m m un iti es yN o. o f c on du ct ed se ns iti za tio n an d m as s m ob iliz at io n M OA , A TI , M OE M oL SA , M oW SA Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l an d Ed uc at io n Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 2. In te gr at e ag ro ec ol og y ed uc at io n in to th e cu rri cu la o f p re -s ch oo l, pr im ar y sc ho ol , h ig h sc ho ol , a nd tr ai ni ng ce nt re p ro gr am m es yN o. o f e du ca tio n pr og ra m m es th at in te gr at ed a gr oe co lo gy in th ei r c ur ric ul a M OA , A TI , M OE Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l an d Ed uc at io n Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 3. D ev el op tr ai ni ng pr og ra m m es a nd m an ua ls fo cu sin g on s us ta in ab le fa rm in g te ch ni qu es , f oo d pr od uc tio n, re so ur ce m an ag em en t, an d ag ro ec ol og ica l p rin cip le s yN o. o f d ev el op ed tra in in g pr og ra m m es . yN o. o f d ev el op ed m an ua ls M OA , A TI , M OE Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l an d Ed uc at io n Bu re au s, S ki ll an d La bo ur Bu re au Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 112 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 4. E st ab lis h an d su pp or t kn ow le dg e- sh ar in g pl at fo rm s eq ui pp ed w ith a g ui di ng m an ua l to e nh an ce s us ta in ab le co lla bo ra tio n am on g ag ric ul tu ra l c om m un iti es , re se ar ch er s, a nd ex te ns io n w or ke rs th at in co rp or at e ga rd en -b as ed le ar ni ng a nd lo ca l c as e st ud ie s yN o. o f e st ab lis he d pl at fo rm s yN o. o f d ev el op ed gu id in g m an ua ls M OA , A TI , Bo W SA Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 5. D ev el op fi na nc in g in iti at ive s to e nc ou ra ge pa rti cip at io n of y ou th a nd w om en in a gr oe co lo gy in no va tiv e ag ric ul tu ra l pr ac tic es , e .g ., Fi na nc in g tra in in g pr og ra m m es , in te rn sh ip s, e tc . yN o. o f d ev el op ed in iti at ive s to e nc ou ra ge yo ut h pa rti cip at io n M OA , A TI Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue 113 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 2. S up po rt yo ut h- a nd w om en -l ed en te rp ri se s in ag ro ec ol og ic al va lu e ch ai ns . (S up po rt y ou th - an d w om en , PW D , I D P, PL W H IV , e tc .- le d en te rp ri se s) 1. Id en tif y fe as ib le ag ro ec ol og y- ba se d pr od uc tio n an d ag ri- fo od bu sin es s en te rp ris es m an ag ed b y m ar gi na liz ed gr ou ps fo r a le ar ni ng sh ow ca se y No . o f i de nt ifi ed fe as ib le p ro du ct io n en te rp ris es yN o. o f i de nt ifi ed fe as ib le a gr i-f oo d bu sin es s en te rp ris es Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 2. P ro vi de ta rg et ed bu sin es s de ve lo pm en t se rv ice s (B DS s) s uc h as m ar ke tin g, fi na nc ia l lit er ac y, an d co op er at ive m an ag em en t a re as fo r m ar gi na liz ed g ro up s yN o. o f B DS s pr ov id ed on m ar ke tin g, fi na nc ia l lit er ac y, an d co op er at e m an ag em en t yN o. o f p ar tic ip an ts tra in ed Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 3. F ac ilit at e an d pr ov id e st ar tu p gr an ts a nd se ed fu nd in g fo r g re en bu sin es se s, in clu di ng co m po st in g, fo od pr oc es sin g, a nd e co - to ur ism , a nd fo r s ca lin g- up s in a gr oe co lo gi ca l va lu e ch ai ns yA m ou nt o f g ra nt pr ov id ed fo r t he st ar tu p yA m ou nt o f g ra nt pr ov id ed fo r s ee d fu nd in g yN o. o f b en ef ici ar ie s be ne fit ed fr om th e gr an t, se ed fu nd in g, an d sc al in g up Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue 114 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 4. E st ab lis h ru ra l in no va tio n hu bs a nd in cu ba tio n ce nt re s to s up po rt bu sin es s de ve lo pm en t f or m ar gi na liz ed g ro up s, in clu di ng P W D, pa st or al ist s, a nd m in or ity gr ou ps yN o. o f e st ab lis he d ru ra l i nn ov at io n hu bs yN o. o f e st ab lis he d in cu ba tio n ce nt re s yN o. o f p eo pl e be ne fit ed fr om th e hu bs a nd c en tre s Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 5. F ac ilit at e pr ef er en tia l la nd a cc es s fo r r es ou rc e- po or e nt re pr en eu r fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s, y ou th s, a nd w om en in a gr oe co lo gy th ro ug h en su rin g la nd ce rti fic at io n yN o. o f w om en pr ov id ed w ith la nd ce rti fic at io n yN o. o f l an d ce rti fic at es iss ue d jo in tly to th e sp ou se Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 6. S up po rt lin ks to n ich e do m es tic a nd e xp or t m ar ke ts fo r a gr oe co lo gi ca l pr od uc ts yN o. o f o f ag ro ec ol og ica l pr od uc er s or en te rp ris e gr ou ps co nn ec te d to n ich e do m es tic a nd e xp or t m ar ke ts yN o. o f f ai r t ra de at te nd ed b y pr od uc er s or e nt er pr ise g ro up s Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue 115 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 7. S up po rt m ob ile a nd di gi ta l p la tfo rm s fo r m ar ke t a cc es s an d te ch ni ca l a dv ice th ro ug h im pr ov in g in fra st ru ct ur e yN o. o f m ob ile a nd di gi ta l p la tfo rm s es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f b en ef ici ar ie s be ne fit ed fr om th e m ob ile a nd d ig ita l pl at fo rm s Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 8. P ro m ot e th e us e of la bo ur a nd ti m e- sa vi ng , u se r-f rie nd ly ag ro ec ol og ica l a nd en vi ro nm en ta lly s af e te ch no lo gi es fo r m ar gi na liz ed g ro up s yN o. o f u se r-f rie nd ly la bo ur a nd ti m e- sa vi ng te ch no lo gi es p ro m ot ed yN o. o f t ec hn ol og ie s ut iliz ed b y be ne fic ia rie s Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s an d co nc er ne d bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 9. S up po rt co lle ct ive en te rp ris es s uc h as co op er at ive s an d Co m m on In te re st G ro up s th ro ug h tra in in g (C IG s) yN o. o f s up po rte d co op er at ive s yN o. o f s up po rte d CI Gs Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 10 . I m pr ov e ru ra l in fra st ru ct ur e, s uc h as ro ad s an d m ar ke ts , t o fa cil ita te a cc es s to in pu ts , se rv ice s, a nd m ar ke ts th at en ha nc e so cia l i nc lu sio n fo r m ar gi na liz ed g ro up s yN o. o f i m pr ov ed ru ra l i nf ra st ru ct ur es co ns tru ct ed /im pr ov ed Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 116 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 3. C re at e m en to rs hi p pr og ra m m es fo r m ar gi na liz ed , m in or ity , a nd vu ln er ab le gr ou ps a nd es ta bl is h pe er ne tw or ks 1 . I de nt ify m en te es a nd m en to rs o n in clu siv e ag ro ec ol og y yN o. o f m en te es a nd m en to rs id en tif ie d an d pr ov id in g m en to rs hi p in a gr oe co lo gi ca l pr ac tic es Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 2. C on ne ct y ou th a nd w om en w ith e xp er ie nc ed fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts a nd en tre pr en eu rs th ro ug h st ru ct ur ed m en to rs hi p pr og ra m m es yN o. o f c on ne ct io ns cr ea te d yN o. o f y ou th a nd w om en m en te es pa ire d w ith ex pe rie nc ed fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s an d en tre pr en eu rs Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 3. O rg an ize p ee r l ea rn in g cir cle s fo r y ou ng fa rm er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro - pa st or al ist s an d ru ra l w om en , f oc us in g on le ad er sh ip , f in an ce , a nd in no va tio n yN o. o f p ee r l ea rn in g cir cle s/ pl at fo rm s or ga ni ze d yN o. o f r ur al w om en an d yo ut h pa rti cip at ed Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 117 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 4. E nh an ce le ad er sh ip ro le s of y ou th a nd w om en , e st ab lis hi ng ad vi so ry c ou nc ils a nd fe llo w sh ip s yN o. o f y ou th a nd w om en a dv iso ry co un cil s an d fe llo w sh ip s es ta bl ish ed yN o. o f y ou th a nd w om en in th e es ta bl ish ed c ou nc ils an d fe llo w sh ip pr og ra m m es Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 5. E ng ag e in te rn at io na l an d na tio na l p ro fe ss io na ls in m en to rs hi p yN o. o f i nt er na tio na l pr of es sio na ls m en to rs hi p op po rtu ni tie s cr ea te d Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 6. F ac ilit at e ex pe rie nc e- sh ar in g ne tw or ks w he re in di vi du al s ca n sh ar e ex pe rie nc es , c ha lle ng es , an d be st p ra ct ice s in ag ro ec ol og y yN o. o f e xp er ie nc e sh ar in g ne tw or ks cr ea te d. yN o. o f b en ef ici ar ie s be ne fit ed Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 118 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 4. A dd re ss ch al le ng es a nd cu ltu ra l b ar ri er s an d no rm s th at in hi bi t m ar gi na liz ed , m in or ity , a nd vu ln er ab le gr ou ps , s uc h as w om en a nd PW D , e tc ., fr om pa rt ic ip at io n an d be ne fit in g fr om ag ro ec ol og y 1. A ss es s th e sp ec ifi c ch al le ng es a nd op po rtu ni tie s re la te d to ge nd er n or m s th at in hi bi t m ar gi na liz ed , m in or ity , an d vu ln er ab le g ro up s an d th ei r b en ef it fro m ag ro ec ol og y yN o. o f a ss es sm en ts on c ha lle ng es a nd op po rtu ni tie s re po rte d M OA , M W SA , AT I, M PD , M OH Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , Ac tio n Ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 2. P ro vi de tr ai ni ng o n cu ltu ra l s en sit iv ity a nd in clu siv ity to c om m un ity le ad er s, e ns ur in g th ey p ro m ot e di ve rs e pa rti cip at io n yN o. o f c om m un ity le ad er s re ac he d at a ll le ve ls M OA , M W W SA A TI Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , US AI D, A ct io n Ai d, G IZ , F SR P, CA RE , F AO , PS NP . R LL P, PA CT , e tc .) 3. E m po w er a nd de ve lo p th e sk ills o f lo ca l c om m un iti es , m ar gi na liz ed , m in or ity , an d vu ln er ab le g ro up s in d ec isi on -m ak in g on ag ro ec ol og ica l p ra ct ice s yN o. o f w om en ’s, y ou th PW D re pr es en te d in th e ag ric ul tu ra l de cis io n- m ak in g pr oc es s an d le ad er sh ip ro le s yN o. o f l ea de rs w ho en ha nc ed th ei r le ve l o f a w ar en es s, kn ow le dg e, s ki ll, an d at tit ud e on ag ro ec ol og ica l pr ac tic es M OA , M in ist ry o f W om en a nd So cia l A ffa irs Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , OX FA M , a ct io n ai d, G IZ , F SR P, CA RE , F AO , PS NP . R LL P, PA CT , e tc .) co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 119 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 4. In co rp or at e an d pr om ot e cu ltu ra lly ap pr op ria te p ra ct ice s in to th e ag ro ec ol og y st ra te gy to e nh an ce th ei r pa rti cip at io n an d be ne fit s fro m a gr oe co lo gy yN um be r o f c ul tu ra lly ap pr op ria te p ra ct ice s in co rp or at ed a nd pr om ot ed M OA , M in ist ry o f W om en a nd So cia l A ffa irs Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 5. P ro m ot e Ge nd er Tr an sf or m at io n Ap pr oa ch es (G TA s) su ch a s ge nd er m od el fa m ily (G M F) , c om m un ity co nv er sa tio n (C C) , s oc ia l an al ys is ac tio n (S AA ), an d nu tri tio n m od el v illa ge yN o. o f p ro m ot ed Ge nd er T ra ns fo rm at io n Ap pr oa ch es (G TA s) M OA , A TI Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 6. R ai se C om m un ity aw ar en es s pr og ra m m e ab ou t a gr oe co lo gi ca l pr ac tic es a nd c on se rv at io n to re pr es en t/ am pl ify th ei r vo ice yN o. o f p eo pl e pa rti cip at ed in aw ar en es s- ra isi ng pr og ra m m es re la te d to ag ro ec ol og y M OA , M W SA , AT I Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 7. D iss em in at e in fo rm at io n ab ou t t he be ne fit s of a gr oe co lo gy an d th e im po rta nc e of so cia l i nc lu sio n us in g ra di o, te le vi sio n, a nd so cia l m ed ia yT yp e of in fo rm at io n di ss em in at ed th ro ug h di ffe re nt c ha nn el s M OA , M W SA , AT I Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue 120 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 8. E st ab lis h ro bu st m on ito rin g an d ev al ua tio n m ec ha ni sm s fo r a ss es sin g th e ef fe ct ive ne ss o f ge nd er a nd s oc ia l in clu sio n ef fo rts yN o. o f M &E d ev el op ed M OA , M W SA , AT I, M OP D Re gi on al M OA , B OW SA UN W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 5. E m be d so ci al in cl us io n, in cl ud in g ge nd er eq ui ty in a ll ag ro ec ol og y po lic ie s an d in st itu tio na l fr am ew or ks 1. E nh an ce th e aw ar en es s of p ol icy m ak er s, le ad er s, m an ag er s, e xp er ts , a nd pr ac tit io ne rs o n so cia l in clu siv e ag ro ec ol og y th ro ug h in iti at ive s in clu di ng a dv oc ac y, aw ar en es s- ra isi ng , co ns ul ta tiv e m ee tin gs , an d te ch ni ca l t ra in in g yN o. o f c ap ac ity - bu ild in g ev en ts co nd uc te d yN o. o f p eo pl e re ac he d at a ll le ve ls Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns Re gi on al go ve rn m en t U N W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 2. M ai ns tre am g en de r eq ui ty a nd s oc ia l in clu sio n in to a gr oe co lo gy pr og ra m m es a nd b ud ge ts yN o. o f a gr oe co lo gy pr og ra m m es th at in co rp or at ed g en de r eq ui ty a nd s oc ia l in clu sio n yT he n um be r o f bu dg et s ex pl ici tly in co rp or at es b ud ge t al lo ca tio n fo r g en de r an d so cia l i nc lu sio n Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns G ov er nm en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns De ve lo pm en t Pa rtn er s, a nd Do no rs - UN W om en , O XF AM , US AI D, a ct io n ai d, G IZ , F SR P, CA RE , F AO , PS NP . R LL P, PA CT , e tc .) St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 121 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 3. D ev ise g en de r-s en sit ive M &E fr am ew or ks to as se ss p ar tic ip at io n an d ac tio n ta ke n ou tc om es yN o. o f g en de r-s en sit ive M &E fr am ew or ks de vi se d. Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns De ve lo pm en t pa rtn er s, a nd do no rs s uc h as U N W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 4. E ns ur e re pr es en ta tio n of y ou th , w om en , a nd vu ln er ab le g ro up s in ag ro ec ol og y co un cil s an d de cis io n- m ak in g bo di es yN o. o f r ep re se nt ed yo ut h in th e ag ro ec ol og y co un cil an d de cis io n- m ak in g bo di es yN o. o f f em al es re pr es en te d in th e ag ro ec ol og y co un cil an d de cis io n- m ak in g bo di es Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns U N W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 122 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 5. In tro du ce a ffi rm at ive ac tio ns to a cc es s to la nd , cr ed it, tr ai ni ng , a nd le ad er sh ip ro le s yN o. o f l an d ag re em en ts es ta bl ish ed th at pr io rit ize w om en , yo ut h an d m ar gi na liz ed /m in or ity gr ou ps yN o. o f a cc es s cr ea te d lo an s gr an ts , a nd fin an cia l s up po rt yN o. o f a ffi rm at ive ac tio n po lic ie s im pl em en te d at a ll le ve ls Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns , De ve lo pm en t Pa rtn er s, a nd Do no rs De ve lo pm en t pa rtn er s, U N W om en , O XF AM , US AI D, A ct io n Ai d, G IZ , F SR P, CA RE , F AO , PS NP . R LL P, PA CT , e tc .) 6. F ac ilit at e a co ns ul ta tiv e m ee tin g to c ol la bo ra tiv el y re vi ew a nd re vi se th e ag ro ec ol og y st ra te gy yN o. o f c on su lta tiv e m ee tin gs c on du ct ed on p ol icy re vi ew a nd ag ro ec ol og y st ra te gy Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns Go ve rn m en t, civ ic or ga ni za tio ns , U N W om en , OX FA M , U SA ID , ac tio n ai d, G IZ , FS RP , C AR E, FA O, P SN P. RL LP , P AC T, e tc .) 123 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (7 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 38 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al In st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 6. S tr en gt he n th e re si lie nc e ca pa ci ty o f m ar gi na liz ed , m in or ity , a nd vu ln er ab le gr ou ps a nd pr om ot e ag ro ec ol og ic al ly - ba se d su st ai na bl e 1. S tre ng th en a nd pr om ot e pr og ra m m es th at su pp or t f oo d an d nu tri tio n se cu rit y to e nh an ce co m m un ity re sil ie nc e yN o. o f b en ef ici ar ie s re ce iv in g re gu la r su pp or t yN o. o f s tre ng th en ed an d pr om ot ed pr og ra m m es M oA , A TI Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 2. S tre ng th en co lla bo ra tio n be tw ee n ag ric ul tu re , s oc ia l a ffa irs , an d he al th m in ist rie s to su pp or t m ar gi na liz ed gr ou ps h ol ist ica lly yN o. o f c ol la bo ra tio ns st re ng th en ed a nd pr om ot ed b et w ee n di ffe re nt a ct or s. M oA , A TI Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns 3. D ev el op s oc ia l s af et y ne ts to p ro te ct v ul ne ra bl e po pu la tio ns fr om th e im pa ct s of c lim at e ch an ge an d m ar ke t f lu ct ua tio ns yN o. o f d ev el op ed sa fe ty n et s. M oA , A TI Re gi on al Ag ric ul tu ra l Bu re au s Co nc er ne d NG Os , Co m m un ity In st itu tio ns St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 5. C on tin ue 124 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6: P ro m ot e su st ai na bl e co ns um pt io n an d he al th y di et s St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 1. A w ar en es s an d ad vo ca cy on h ea lth y an d su st ai na bl e co ns um pt io n 1. C on du ct n at io na l aw ar en es s ca m pa ig ns o n EF BD G (E th io pi an F oo d- Ba se d Di et ar y Gu id el in es ) yN um be r o f c am pa ig ns co nd uc te d yN um be r o f i nd iv id ua ls aw ar e of E FB DG M oA , M oH , M oE , E PH I, EI AR , H EI Bo A, B oH , Bo E, R AR I Al l r el ev an t D P, pr iva te , a nd in te rn at io na l re se ar ch in st itu te s, N GO s, an d CB Os 2. C on te xt ua liz e cu ltu ra lly ac ce pt ed F BD G in to ag ro ec ol og ica l s et tin gs Nu m be r o f d oc um en ts co nt ex tu al ize d an d re le as ed M oA , M oH , M oE , E PH I, EI AR , H EI Re gi on al In st itu tio ns Al l r el ev an t D P, pr iva te , a nd in te rn at io na l re se ar ch in st itu te s, N GO s, an d CB Os 3. T ra in h ou se ho ld s on im pr ov ed fo od p re pa ra tio n (c oo ki ng d em on st ra tio n) th at m ax im ize s/ re ta in s nu tri en ts , p re se rv at io n, a nd hy gi en e yN um be r o f de m on st ra tio n ev en ts yN um be r o f h ou se ho ld s tra in ed M oA , M oH , M oE , E PH I, EI AR , H EI Bo A, B oH , Bo E, R AR I Al l r el ev an t D P, pr iva te , a nd in te rn at io na l re se ar ch in st itu te s, N GO s, an d CB Os 4. S en sit ize to in co rp or at e ag ro ec ol og ica lly p ro du ce d an d he al th y fo od s in to fe ed in g in st itu tio ns * yN um be r o f f ee di ng in st itu tio ns re ac he d yN um be r o f in di vi du al s ha vi ng ag ro ec ol og ica lly pr od uc ed h ea lth y fo od s M oA , M oH , M oE , E PH I, EI AR Bo A, B oH , Bo E, R AR I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 125 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 5. S tre ng th en a nd p ro m ot e th e On e He al th a pp ro ac h (h ea lth in te rc on ne ct io n be tw ee n pe op le , a ni m al s, pl an ts , a nd th ei r s ha re d en vi ro nm en t) Nu m be r o f t ra in in g se ss io ns to p ro m ot e th e On e He al th a pp ro ac h M oH , M oA , L DI (li ve st oc k de vt in st itu te ), EA A, EB I, EP A, Ve te rin ar y In st itu te Bo H, B oA , Bu re au o f liv es to ck an d fis he rie s (B oL F) , Bo W SA Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s Nu m be r o f p ar tic ip an ts se ns iti ze d on th e On e He al th a pp ro ac h M oH , M oA , L DI (li ve st oc k de vt in st itu te ), EA A, EB I, EP A, Ve te rin ar y In st itu te Bo H, B oA , Bu re au o f liv es to ck an d fis he rie s (B oL F) , Bo W SA Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s Nu m be r o f p ra ct ice s an d/ or in no va tio ns pr om ot ed to s tre ng th en On e He al th M oH , M oA , L DI (li ve st oc k de vt in st itu te ), EA A, EB I, EP A, Ve te rin ar y In st itu te Bo H, B oA , Bu re au o f liv es to ck an d fis he rie s (B oL F) , Bo W SA Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e 126 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L Nu m be r o f i nd iv id ua ls w ho k no w th e On e He al th a pp ro ac h M oH , M oA , L DI (li ve st oc k de vt in st itu te ), EA A, EB I, EP A, Ve te rin ar y In st itu te Bo H, B oA , Bu re au o f liv es to ck an d fis he rie s (B oL F) , Bo W SA Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 6. E st ab lis h/ s tre ng th en a di ve rs ifi ed h ea lth y di et a nd go od fo od h yg ie ne p ra ct ice s co un se llin g ce nt er a t T VE TS , an d FT C/ PT C Nu m be r o f c ou ns el in g ce nt re s es ta bl ish ed / st re ng th en ed M oA , E IA R, EP HI , M oL S Bo A, B oH , Bo LS Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s Nu m be r o f i nd iv id ua ls co un se le d M oA , E IA R, EP HI , M oL S Bo A, B oH , Bo LS Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 7 . I nt ro du ce p er so na liz ed nu tri tio n ad vi ce u sin g AI Te ch a nd A pp s No . o f u se rs o f th e di gi ta l t ra ck in g te ch no lo gy M oA , E th . AI In st itu te (I NS A) , M iN T - Al l r el ev an t D P, pr iva te , a nd in te rn at io na l re se ar ch in st itu te s, N GO s, an d CB Os 2. A gr oe co lo gy - ba se d H om e an d sc ho ol ga rd en in g 1. E st ab lis h a co m m un ity di al og ue p la tfo rm o n a di ve rs ifi ed h ea lth y di et a nd nu tri tio n Nu m be r o f p la tfo rm s es ta bl ish ed M oA , M oH , M oE , M oW SA Bo A, B oH , Bo E, B oW SA Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s Nu m be r o f i nd iv id ua ls w ho p ar tic ip at ed in th e di al og ue s M oA , M oH , M oE , M oW SA Bo A, B oH , Bo E, B oW SA Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue 127 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 2. In tro du ce c lim at e- re sil ie nt , n ut rie nt -d en se fo od cr op s to H Hs w ith v ul ne ra bl e gr ou ps yN um be r o f t ra in in g ev en ts c on du ct ed yN um be r o f H Hs tra in ed o n nu tri en t- de ns e fo od p ro du ct io n an d co ns um pt io n M oA , EI AR , s ee d en te rp ris es Bo A, re gi on al re se ar ch in st itu te s, an d re gi on al se ed en te rp ris es Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s 3. P ro m ot e ho m e ga rd en in g yN um be r o f t ra in in g ev en ts in h om e ga rd en in g yN um be r o f H H tra in ed on h om e ga rd en in g fo r h om e co ns um pt io n an d m ar ke tin g M oA , EI AR , s ee d en te rp ris es Bo A, re gi on al re se ar ch in st itu te s, an d re gi on al se ed en te rp ris es . Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 4. C re at e an a gr oe co lo gy - ba se d sc ho ol g ar de ni ng yN um be r o f s ch oo l ga rd en s cr ea te d yN um be r o f s tu de nt s re ac he d M oE , M oA Bo A, B oE Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 5. In tro du ce s m al l r um in an ts an d po ul try a t H H le ve ls yN um be r o f H Hs w ho ha ve s m al l r um in an ts an d po ul try M oA Bo A Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s yN um be r o f w or ks ho ps co nd uc te d M oA , M oL S Bo A, B oL S Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue 128 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 6. P ro m ot e co m po st in g of fo od w as te a t t he h ou se ho ld an d co m m un ity le ve ls (N B: in clu de s to ol s an d m at er ia ls) yN um be r o f h ou se ho ld s tra in ed o n co m po st in g of fo od w as te M oA , M oL S Bo A, B oL S Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 7. P ro m ot e th e co ns um pt io n of h om es te ad p ro du ct s in ur ba n, p er i-u rb an , a nd ru ra l ar ea s yN um be r o f h ou se ho ld s co ns um in g ho m es te ad pr od uc ts M oA , M oH , Bo A, B oH Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 8. P ro m ot e ut iliz at io n of un de ru til ize d/ ne w v ar ie tie s of n ut rie nt -d en se fo od so ur ce s yN o. o f u nd er ut iliz ed / ne w v ar ie ty n ut rie nt - de ns e fo od s ou rc es de ve lo pe d yN o. o f h ou se ho ld s tra in ed o n ut iliz in g un de ru til ize d/ ne w va rie ty n ut rie nt -d en se fo od s ou rc es M oA , E IA R, M oH , E PH I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H, R AR I, Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 9. O rg an ize d ive rs ifi ed he al th y di et c on su m pt io n pr om ot io n ev en ts Nu m be r o f e ve nt s or ga ni ze d M oH , M oA , M oE , M oC S Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H, B oE , Bo SC Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s Nu m be r o f i nd iv id ua ls co ns um in g di ve rs ifi ed he al th y di et s M oA , M oH , EP HI , Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue 129 St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 10 . D ev el op a gr oe co lo gy - ba se d di ve rs ifi ed h ea lth y di et re cip es Nu m be r o f r ec ip es de ve lo pe d M oA , E IA R, M oH , E PH I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s Nu m be r o f H Hs w ho re ce ive d th e ne w ly de ve lo pe d fo od re cip es M oA , E IA R, M oH , E PH I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s 11 . P ro m ot e fo od w as te m an ag em en t a nd tr ea tm en t yN um be r o f t ra in in g w or ks ho ps o rg an ize d yN um be r o f i nd iv id ua l/ HH s tra in ed M oA , M oH , EP HI Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 12 . I nc en tiv ize p ro du ce rs w ho s up pl y ag ro ec ol og ica lly pr od uc ed h ea lth fo od Nu m be r o f h ea lth y fo od pr od uc er s w ho a re su pp or te d th ro ug h th e in ce nt ive s ys te m M OA B oA C SO s 3. P ro te ct io n an d pr om ot io n of h ea lth y lo ca l an d tr ad iti on al fo od c ul tu re s 1. D oc um en t a nd re vi ta liz e lo ca l/t ra di tio na l f oo d kn ow le dg e th ro ug h or al hi st or ie s, re cip e bo ok s, a nd ed uc at io na l m ed ia . yN o. o f r ec ip e bo ok s pr od uc ed a nd s to rie s do cu m en te d yN o. o f p eo pl e w ho ac ce ss ed th e re cip e bo ok s yN o. o f p eo pl e re ac he d th ro ug h m ed ia M oA , E IA R, M oH , E PH I, EB I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo H Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 2. C on du ct e ve nt s su ch as h ea lth y tra di tio na l f oo d fe st iva ls an d re gi on al c ui sin e da ys . yN o of fe st iva ls/ ev en ts or ga ni ze d yN o. o f p ar tic ip an ts M oH , M oA , M oE , M oC S, EB I Bo H, B oA / Bo L, Bo E, Bo CS Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue 130 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 3. D ev el op o pt im ize d fo od re cip es fo r u nd er ut iliz ed fo od s yN o. o f o pt im ize d re cip es d ev el op ed yN o. o f p eo pl e w ho ac ce ss ed re cip es M oA , E IA R, M oH , E PH I, an d HE I Bo A, B oH , RA RI Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s 4. P ro te ct tr ad iti on al a nd cu ltu ra l f oo d pr ep ar at io n th ro ug h le ga l a nd p ol icy fra m ew or ks . Nu m be r o f l eg al fra m ew or ks d ev el op ed M oC S, M oA , M oJ Bo CS , B oA / Bo L, B oJ Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s 5. S up po rt st or yt el lin g, m ed ia c am pa ig ns (i nc lu di ng di gi ta l p la tfo rm s) , a nd c he fs ’ in iti at ive s th at e le va te lo ca l/ tra di tio na l f oo d cu ltu re yN o. o f e ve nt s or ga ni ze d yN o. o f i nd iv id ua ls w ho p ar tic ip at ed b y ca te go ry yN o. o f m ed ia c ha nn el s en ga ge d an d m ed ia an al yt ics M oH , M oA ,M oE , M oC S, M oL S Bo H, B oA / Bo L, Bo LS ,B oC S Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 4. F oo d w as te re du ct io n an d fo od s af et y 1. In tro du ce a nd p ro m ot e im pr ov ed a nd a gr oe co lo gy - fri en dl y te ch no lo gi es (h ou se ho ld -le ve l p os t- ha rv es t h an dl in g of fo od a nd fe ed ) Nu m be r o f i nn ov at ive te ch no lo gi es in tro du ce d M oA , E IA R, M oI , M oT RI , HE I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo TR I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s yN o. o f f oo d pr oc es sin g an d pr es er va tio n te ch no lo gi es pr om ot ed yN o. o f h ou se ho ld s re ac he d M oA , E IA R, HE I Bo A/ Bo L Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue 131 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 2. E nc ou ra ge p ub lic a nd pr iva te s ec to rs to b e in vo lve d in th e su pp ly an d m as s pr od uc tio n of in no va tiv e an d ag ro ec ol og y- fri en dl y te ch no lo gi es fo r fo od a nd fe ed yN um be r o f p ub lic an d pr iva te s ec to rs en ga ge d in th e su pp ly o f a pp ro pr ia te te ch no lo gy yN o. o f h ou se ho ld s ac ce ss in g th e te ch no lo gi es M oA , M oT RI , M OI , M iN T, In ve st m en t Co m m iss io n, an d th e na tio na l ba nk , De ve lo pm en t Ba nk Bo A/ Bo L, Bo TR I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 3. T ra in th e co m m un ity o n fo od lo ss /w as te re du ct io n pr ac tic es a nd te ch ni qu es yN o. o f t ra in in g ev en ts yN o. o f i nd iv id ua ls tra in ed M oA , E IA R, M oI , M oT RI , HE I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo I, Bo TR I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 4. C on te xt ua liz e th e cu rre nt na tio na l p os th ar ve st m an ag em en t s tra te gy th ro ug h th e le ns o f ag ro ec ol og y Nu m be r o f d oc um en ts re le as ed M oA Bo A/ Bo L Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 5. P ro m ot e ap pr op ria te fo od p re se rv at io n/ st or ag e te ch no lo gi es fo r a d ive rs ifi ed he al th y di et yN o. o f p re se rv at io n te ch no lo gi es in tro du ce d yN o. o f h ou se ho ld s th at a re fa m ilia riz ed w ith th e te ch no lo gi es M oA , E IA R, M oI , M oT RI , HE I Bo A/ Bo L, Bo I, Bo TR I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s 132 co nt in ue t o ne xt p ag e St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 6. S tre ng th en a dv oc ac y, pu bl ic aw ar en es s, a nd co m m un ica tio n on ag ro ec ol og y- ba se d fo od an d fe ed s af et y an d qu al ity m an ag em en t s ys te m s yN o. o f a w ar en es s ev en ts c on du ct ed yN o. o f i nd iv id ua ls re ac he d th ro ug h th e aw ar en es s ev en ts yN o. o f a nd ty pe s of pr om ot io na l m at er ia ls pr od uc ed a nd di st rib ut ed yN o. o f i nd iv id ua ls/ HH s re ac he d M oA ,M oL S, M oC S, M oH , M oT RI , M oI Bo A, B oH , Bo LS Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os a nd C BO s 7. P ro m ot e fo od h yg ie ne an d W AS H yN o. o f p ro m ot io na l ev en ts yN o. o f a nd ty pe s of pr om ot io na l m at er ia ls pr od uc ed a nd di st rib ut ed yN o. o f i nd iv id ua ls/ HH s re ac he d M oH , M oA , M oW I Bo H, B oA , Bo W I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 8. C on te xt ua liz e th e cu rre nt na tio na l f oo d sa fe ty a nd qu al ity s tra te gy fo r p rim ar y ag ric ul tu ra l p ro du ce th ro ug h th e le ns o f a gr oe co lo gy No . o f d oc um en ts co nt ex tu al ize d M oA , M oH , a nd re gu la to ry bo di es (E AA , FD A) Bo A, B oH , re gu la to ry bo di es Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 133 St ra te gi c O bj ec tiv e 6. C on tin ue St ra te gi c Fo cu s Ar ea s (4 ) Ac tiv iti es ( 34 ) In di ca to rs Re sp on si bi lit y/ In st itu tio ns Pr io ri ty /T im e Fr am e N at io na l in st itu tio ns Re gi on al in st itu tio ns N G O s/ CB O s S M L 9. E ns ur e th e qu al ity a nd sa fe ty o f i m po rte d fo od pr od uc ts yN o. o f l eg al fra m ew or ks de ve lo pe d/ re vi se d yN o. o f r eg ul at or y in st itu tio ns ca pa cit at ed o r st re ng th en ed M oT RI , M oI , M oA Bo A, B oT RI , Bo I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 10 . C er tif y th e qu al ity o f ag ro ec ol og ica lly p ro du ce d lo ca l f oo ds yN o. o f l oc al p ro du ce rs ce rti fie d fo r q ua lit y fo od p ro du ct io n yN o. o f f ar m er s/ pa st or al ist s/ ag ro -p as to ra lis ts / co op er at ive s be ne fit tin g fro m ce rti fic at io n M oA , I P, EI AR , I ES , M oT RI Bo A, R AR I, Bo TR I Al l r el ev an t D P, NG Os , a nd C BO s 134 An ne x II I. L is t o f t as kf or ce m em be rs fo r t he d ev el op m en t o f t he N AE S N o. N am e O rg an iz at io n Ro le in th e TF 1. M iti ku A ye le (P hD ) M in ist ry o f A gr icu ltu re Ch ai rp er so n 2. Ze ne be A di m as su (P hD ) Al lia nc e of B io ve rs ity a nd C IA T De pu ty c ha ir 3. En da lk ac he w W ol de m es ke l ( Ph D) CI FO R- IC RA F Se cr et ar y 4. Ch al a W or do fa , ( Ph D) M in ist ry o f A gr icu ltu re M em be r 5. Li re A be yo (M r) M in ist ry o f A gr icu ltu re M em be r 6. So lo m on M es el e (M r) M in ist ry o f A gr icu ltu re M em be r 7. Ts ig er ed a Fi ka du (M rs ) M in ist ry o f A gr icu ltu re M em be r 8. Al i M oh am ed (P ro f.) M in ist ry o f A gr icu ltu re M em be r 9. Te m es ge n De sa le gn (P hD ) EI AR M em be r 10 . Te fe ri Ta de ss e (P hD ) Ha ra m ay a Un ive rs ity M em be r 11 . Ba yu se h Ts eg ay e (P hD ) ES FS AC M em be r 12 . Ta de ss e De ss al eg n (P hD ) GI Z M em be r 13 . De ge fie T ib eb e (P hD ) Al lia nc e of B io ve rs ity a nd C IA T M em be r 14 . Fi kr e Le m es a (P ro f.) GI Z M em be r 135 An ne x IV . Li st o f t ec hn ic al w or ki ng g ro up s A. T he m at ic W or ki ng G ro up O ne : S us ta in ab le Fa rm P ra ct ic es ( SO 1) B. T he m at ic W or ki ng G ro up T w o: Kn ow le dg e, R es ea rc h an d Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g (S O 2) C. T he m at ic W or ki ng G ro up T hr ee : 3 . M ar ke t S ys te m D ev el op m en t ( SO 3) 1. At o Li re A bi yo (M oA )- L ea d 2. M r W ub sh et D em iss ie (G IZ ) 3. Dr G et ac he w A ge ne hu (I CR IS AT ) 4. M r G irm a Ki br et (M oA -S LM ) 5. Dr Z en eb e Ad im as u (E La RP ) 6. Dr B ek el e Ka ss a (E IA R) 7. Dr R eg as sa F ey isa (E OS A) 8. Dr Z en eb e M ek on ne n (E FD , C EF DC ) 9. Dr A be ra A se fa (E IA R, M RC ) 10 . P ro f. Fi kr e Le m es sa (G iZ ) 11 . D r C ha ny al ew S ey ou m (H ar am ay a Un ive rs ity ) 1. Dr G irm a M am o (E IA R) -L ea d 2. Dr T ef er i T ad es se (H ar am ay a Un ive rs ity ) 3. Dr A ts ed e So lo m on (E IA R- HA RC ) 4. Pr of . B irh an u Be la y (I CA RD A- IL RI ) 5. Dr H ai lu A ra ya (P EL UM E th io pi a) 1. Pr of . A li M oh am m ed (M oA )- L ea d 2. M r G em ec hi s Ja le ta (N IR AS In te rn at io na l) 3. M r A sc ha le w L em m a (A TI ) 4. M r G iza w G /M ar ia m (I SD ) 5. M r W eg ay eh u Te sf ay e (S NV ) 6. Yo di t B al ch a (M s) , A BC D . T he m at ic W or ki ng G ro up F ou r: P ol ic y, G ov er na nc e an d En ab lin g En vi ro nm en t ( SO 4) E. T he m at ic W or ki ng G ro up F iv e: S oc ia l In cl us io n an d Em po w er m en t ( SO 5) F. T he m at ic W or ki ng G ro up S ix : Su st ai na bl e Co ns um pt io n an d H ea lth y D ie ts ( SO 6) 1. Dr M iti ku A ye le (M oA )- L ea d 2. M r T am iru S eb se be (E RS HA ) 3. M r M ar ko s Ha ile (H EL VE TA S Sw iss In te rc oo pe ra tio n) 4. M r B ul ch a Be re ch a (M oP D) 5. M r E sh et ay eh u Te fe ra (P riv at e Se ct or ) 6. M r S ol om on K eb ed e (M EL KA -E th io pi a) 1. W ro G en et A bd el a (M oA )- L ea d 2. M s Hi ru t K as sa (A ct io n Ai d) 3. Dr L em le m A re gu (A TI ) 4. M s Te m en et A m an ue l ( GI Z) 5. M s Ti gi st W or ku (I LR I) 6. M s W or ka le m G irm a (C ha m pi on s fo r F oo d Se cu rit y (C 4F S) E th .) 7. M r M es fin M en gi st u (P riv at e Se ct or ) 8. M r. Ab du lje lil Na sir (M oA ) 1. Dr B ay us h Ts eg ay e (A gr ec ol og y Co ns or tiu m )- L ea d 2. M s Em an H as se n (A BC ) 3. M r T ib eb u M og es (E PH I) 4. Dr M ul ug et a Ta m ir (M oA ) 5. Dr T in sa ye T am er at (W or ld Ve g) 6. M r I rre ss a W ol de gi or gi s (E IA R- M el ka ss a A RC ) 136 Annex V. External reviewers 1. Professor Emeritus Mitiku Haile (Mekele University) 2. Mr Eshetayehu Tefera (Ex. General Director of IFDC) The development of this strategy was led by the Ministry of Agriculture, with technical leadership and oversight provided by the National Agroecology Strategy (NAES) Technical Task Force. Technical and facilitation support was provided by the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (Co-Chair) and CIFOR-ICRAF (Secretariat). The process was supported by several projects and programs of the Agroecology TPP, which receives core funding from the French Government. The strategy benefited from technical and financial support under the Agroecological Transitions Programme for Building Resilient and Inclusive Agricultural and Food Systems (TRANSITIONS), funded by the European Union under the DeSIRA Initiative and managed by IFAD. Additional support was provided by the Liechtenstein Development Service–funded Food Systems Transformations through Agroecology project and the CGIAR Science Program on Multifunctional Landscapes and Policy Innovations. Contributions of the Thematic Working Groups was made possible with financial and technical support from Irish Aid, WorldVeg, GIZ, the CGIAR Multifunctional Landscapes Science Program, and AICCRA-Ethiopia. National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) Cover National Agroecology Strategy for Food System Transformation in Ethiopia (2026 to 2040) Acronyms Foreword Acknowledgements Executive summary 1 Background 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Rationale 1.3 Concepts and principles of agroecology 1.4 Essentials of agroecology 2 Situation analysis 2.1 Food system challenges 2.2 PESTEL, SWOT and stakeholder analyses 2.3 Existing policy, strategy frameworks and programmes 3 Strategic framework 3.1 Goal, vision and mission 3.2 Theory of change 3.3 Strategic objectives 3.4 Strategic areas of focus 4 Implementation mechanism 4.1 Coordination mechanisms 4.2 Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning (MEAL) 4.3 Knowledge and communication management References Annexes Annex I. Process of developing the National Agroecology Strategy Annex II. Key alignment actions of the agroecology strategy with other strategies, programmes, policies and proclamations Annex III. National Agroecology Strategy Implementation Matrix Annex III. List of taskforce members for the development of the NAES Annex IV. List of technical working groups Annex V. External reviewers Table 1. SWOT analysis for agroecology in Ethiopia Table 2. List of stakeholders, their roles, interests and power Table 3. Summary of outcome indicators with respect to the six SOs Table 4. Composition of technical working groups at the bureau, zone, district and kebele levels Figure 3. Process of developing the NAES Cover