United Nations Convention on environmental impact assessment in a transboundary context (Ratification) Law, 1999 (Law No. 24(III)/99)

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EVVOLQ «Iuµl>aOlj» Oljµai.vEL tlj Iuµf3aOT) t(t)V HvroµEV(t)V E8vrov yLa tT)V Exti.­ µljOT] t(l)V TIEQLl>aAA.OvtLXO)V E3tl.3ttci>OE(t)V OE ~LQOUVOQLaX6 TI).aLOLO, 31:0U EYLVE Oto Eon:6 tTJi; cl>LVA.avotai;, oni; 25 cl>Ej)QO'\JaQi.OU 1991. 3. ME tov 3taQ6Vta N6µo, XUQOOVEtm lJ IuµfJaorr rt E3tL')(1JQWOTJ tlji; on:oi.ac; Ey,tQL8TJXE µE tljV An:6<paOT) tOU Y3t0'\JQYLXO'U IuµfJo'UA.LOU µE AQ. 49.483 ')(QL rrµeooµTJvi.a 15.4.1999 xm tTJ<; on:oi.ai; to xetµEvo oto ayyAL?<6 n:Qrot6tun:o EX'ti. 0etm om Mtooi; I tou Ili.vaxa xm OE EAATJVLX1' µm't(l)QaOTJ ato Mtooc; II 'tou Ili.vaxa: NoEi.tm 6n OE n:EQi.mwoTJ avti.<paoTJi; µem;u tou ?<etµevou tou Mtooui; I xm Exdvou Tou MEQouc; II 'to'U Ilivaxa, ea u:rt£QLOX'UEL -ro xetµevo :rtou exTi. 0etm oto Meooc; I tou mvaxa. 388 ITINAKAI (aQ0QO 3) MEPOl:: I CONVENTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN A TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXT The Parties to this Convention. Aware of the interrelationship between economic activities and their environmental consequences, Affirming the need to ensure environmentally sound and sustainable development, Detetlllined to enhance international co-operation in assessing environmental impact in particular in a tr.ansbo=dary context, Mindful of the need and L~portance to develop anticipatory policies and of preventing, mitigating and monitoring significant adverse environmental impact in general and more specifically in a transboundary context, ,$ecalling the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, the Finaf Act of the Conference on Security and C o-operation in Europe (CSCE) and the Concluding Documents of the Madrid and Vienna Meetings of Representatives of the Participating States of the CSCE, Commending the ongoing activities of States to ensure that, through their national legal and administrative provisions and their national policies, environmental impact assessment is carried out, Conscious of the need to give explicit consideration to environmental factors at an early stage in the decision-making process by applying environmental impact assessment, at all appropriate administrative levels, as a necessary tool to improve the quality of information presented to decision makers so that enviroll!!lentally sound decisions can be made paying careful attention to minimizing significant adverse impact, particula~ly in a transboundary context, Mindful of the efforts of international organizations to promote the use of environmental impact assessment both at the national and international levels, and taking into account work on environmental impact assessment carried out under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, in particular results achieved by the Se111inar on Environmental Impact Assessment (September 1987, Warsaw, Poland) as well as noting the Goals and Principles on environmental impact assessment adopted by the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme, and the Ministerial Declaration on Sustainable Development (May 1990, Bergen, Nor'ltay), 389 Have agreed as follows: Article 1 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Convention, (i) "Parties" means, unless the text otherwise indicates, the Contracting Parties to this Convention; (ii) "Party of origin" means the Contracting Party or Parties to this Convention under whose jurisdiction a proposed activity is envisaged to take 11lace; (iii) "Affected Party" means the Contracting Party or Parties to this Convention likely to be affected by the transboundary impact of a proposed activity; (iv) "Concerned Parties" means the Party of origin and the affected Party of an environmental impact assessment pursuant to this Convention; (v) "Proposed activity" means any activity or any major change to an activity subject to a decision of a competent authority in accoidance with an applicable national procedure; (vi) "Environmental impact assessment" means a national procedure for evaluating the likely impact of a proposed actiyity on the environment; (vii) "Impact" means any effect caused by a proposed activity on the environment including hwnan health and safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, landscape and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interaction among these factors; it also includes effects on cultural heritage or socio-economic conditions resulting from alterations to those f ac~i:-ors; (viii) "Transboundary impact" means any impact, not exclusively of a global nature, within an area under the jurisdiction of a Party caused by a proposed activity the physical ori~itl of which is situated wholly or in part within the area under the jurisdiction of another Party; (ix) "Competent authority" means the national authority or authorities designated by a Party as responsible for performing the tasks covered by this Convention and/or the authority or authorities entrusted by a Party with decision-making powers regarding a proposed activity; (x) "The Public" means one or more natural or legal persons. Artic;l• 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS l. The Parties shall, either individually or jointly, take all appropriate anq effective measures to prevent, reduce and control significant adverse transboundary environmental impact from proposed activities. 390 Z. Each Party shall take the necessary legal, administrative or other measures to implement the provisions of this Convention, including, with respect to proposed activities listed in Appendix I that are likely to cause s ignif icau~rse transbQJ.JJldary :i,mruu;t, the establishment of an envif"orunental unpact assessment procedure that permits pub~t~-P~~!ion and preparation of the enviror.mental impac: assessment documentation described in Appendix II. 3. The Party of or1g1n shall ensure that in accordance with the prov1s1ons of this Convention an environmental impact assessment is undertaken prior to a decision to authorize or W1dertake a proposed activity listed in Appendix I that is likely to cause a significant adverse tra:1sboundary impact. 4. The Party of origin shall, consistent with the provisions of this Convention, ensure that affected Parties are notified of a proposed activity listed in Appendix I that is l~kely to cause a significant adverse transboundary impact. s. Concerned Parties shall, at the initiative of any such Party, enter in~o discussions on whether one or more proposed activities not listed in Appendix I is or are likely to cause a significant adverse transboundary impact and thus should be treated as if it or they were so listed. Where those Parties so agree, the activity or activities shall be thus treated. G~neral guidance for identifying criteria to determine significant adverse impact is set forth in Appendix !II. 6. The Party of origin shall provide, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, an opportunity to the public in the areas likely to be affected to participate in relevant environmental impact assessment procedures regarding proposed activities and shall ensure that the opportunity provided to the public of the affected Party is equivalent to that provided to the public of the Party of origin. 7. Environmental impact assessments as required by this Convention shall, as a minimum ~equirement, be undertaken at the project level of the proposed activity. To the extent appropriate, the Parties shall endeavour to apply the principles of environmental impact assessment to policies, plans and programmes. 8. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right of Parties to implement national laws, regulations, administrative provisions or accepted legal practices protecting information the supply of which would be prejudicial to industrial and co111111ercial secrecy or national security. 9. Th@ pro7isions of this Convention shall not affect the right of particular Parties to implement, by bilateral or multilateral agreement where appr6priate, more stringent measures than those of this Convention. 10. The provisions of this Convention shall not prejudice any obligations of the Parties ,..:nder international law with regard to aceivities having or likely to have a transboundary L~pact. 391 NOTIFICATION 1. Foi a proposed activity listed in Appendix I that is likely to cause a significant adverse t..r@~J?.9undary impact, the Party of origin snan, ·tor 1:he purposes of ensuring adequate and effective consultations under Article 5, notify any Party which it considers may be an affected Party as early as possible and no later than when informing its own public about that proposed activity. z. This notification shall contain, inter alia: (a) Information on the proposed activity, including any available information on its possible transboundary impact; (b) The nature of the possible decision; and (c) An indication of a reasonable time within which a response under paragraph 3 of this Article is required, taking into account the nature of the proposed activity; and may include the information set out in par~graph 5 of this Article. 3. The affected Party shall respond to the Party of origin within the time specified in the notification, aclcnovledging receipt of the notification, and shall indicate whether it intends to participate in the environmental impact assessment procedure. 4. If the affected Party indicates that it does not intend to participate in the environmental impact assessment procedure, or if it does not respond within the ti.me specified in the notification, the provisions in-paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this Article and in Articles 4 to 7 will not apply. In such circumstances the right of a Party of origin to determine whether to carry out an environmental impact assessment on the basis of its national law and practice is not prejudiced. 5. Upon receipt of a response from the affected Party indicating its desire to participate in the environmental impact assessment procedure, the Party of orisin shall, if it bas not already done so, provide to the affected Party: (a) Relevant information regarding the environmental impact assessment procedure, including an indication of the time schedule for transmittal of coll'lllents; and (b) Relevant information on the proposed activity and its possible significant adverse transboundary impact. 392 6. An affected Party shall, at the request of the Party of oricin, provide the latter with reasonably obtainable information relating to the potentially affected environment under the jurisdiction of the affected Party, where such information is necessary for the preparation of the environmental impact assessment documentation. The information shall be furnished promptly and, as appropriate, through a joint body where one exists. 7. When a Party considers that it would be affected by a significant adverse transboundary impact of a proposed activity listed in Appendix I, and when no notification has taken place in accordance with paragraph l of this Article, the concerned Parties shall, at the request of the affected Party, exchange sufficient information for the purposes of holding discussions on whether there is likely to be a significant adverse transboundary impact·. If those Parties acree that there is likely to be a significant adverse transboundary impact, the provisions of this Convention shall apply accordingly. If those Parties cannot agree whether there is likely to be a significant adverse transboundary impact, any such Party may submit that question to an inquiry commission in accordance with the provisions of Appendix IV to advise on the likelihood of significant adverse transboundary illlpact, unless they agree on another method of settling this question. 8. The concerned Parties shall ensure that the public of the affected Party in the areas likely to be affected be informed of, and be provided with possibilities for making co11111ents or objections on, the proposed activity, and for the transmittal of these coaments or objections to the competent authority of the Party of origin, either directly to this authority or, where appropriate, through the Party of origin. Article 4 PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMl'ACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTATION l. Toe environmental impact assessment documentation to be submitted to the competent authority of the Party of origin shall contain, as a minimum, the information described in Appendix II. 2. The Party of origin shall furnish the affected Party, as appropriate through a joint body where one exists, with the environmental impact assessment documentation, The concerned Parties •hall arrange for distribution of the documentation to the authorities and the public of the affected Party in the areas likely to be affected and for the submission of comments to the competent authority of the Party of origin, either directly to this authority or, where appropriate, through the Party of origin within a reasonable ti.me before the final decision is taken on the proposed activity. 393 Articles CONSULTATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTATION The Party of origin shall, after completion of the environmental impact assessment documentation, without undue delay enter into consultations with the affected Party concerning, inter alia. the potential transboundary impact of the proposed activity and measures to reduce or eliminate its impact. Consultations may relate to: (a) Possible alternatives to the proposed activity, including the no-action alternative and possible measures to mitigate significant ··adverse t ransboundary impact and to monitor the effects of such measures at the expense of the Party of origin; (b) Other forms of possible mutual assistance in reducing any significant adverse transboundary impact of the proposed activity; and (c) Any other appropriate matters relating to the proposed activity. The Parties shall agree, at the commencement of such consultations, on a reasonable time-frame for the duration of the consultation period. Any such consultations may be conducted through an appropriate joint body, where one exists. Article 6 FINAL DECISION 1. The Parties shall ensu re that, in the final decision on the proposed activity, due account is taken of the outcome of the environmental impact assessment, including the environmental impact assessment documentation, as well as the comments thereon received pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 8 and Article 4, paragraph 2, and the outcome of the consultations as referred to in Article 5. 2. The Party of origin shall provide to the affected Party the final decision on the proposed activity along with the reasons and considerations on which it was based. 3. If additional information on the significant transboundary impact of a proposed activity, which was not available at the tL~e a decision was made with respect to that activity and which could have materially affected the decision, becomes available to a concerned Party before work on that activity commences, that Party shall L'lllllediately inform the other concerned Party or Parties. If one of the concerned Parties so requests, consultdtions shall be held as to whether the decision needs to be revised. 394 Article Z POST-PROJECT ANALYSIS 1. The concerned Parties, at the request of any such Party, shall determine whether, and if so to what extent, a post-project analysis shall be carried out, taking into account the likely significant adverse transboundary impact of the activity for which an environmental impact assessment has been undertaken pursuant to this Convention. Any po.st-project analysis undertaken shall include, in particular, the surveillance of the activity and the determination of any adverse transboundary impact. Such surveillance and determination may be undertaken with a view to achieving the objectives listed in Appendix V. 2. When, as a result of post-project analysis, the Party of or1g1n or the affected Party has reasonable grounds for concluding that there is a significant adverse transbou.~dary impact or factors have been discovered which may result in such an impact, it shall immediately inform the other Party. The concerned Parties shall then consult on necessary measures to reduce or elimina~e the impact. Article 8 BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL CO-OPERATION The Parties may continue existing or enter into new bilateral or multilateral agreements or other arrangements in order to implement their obligations under this Convention. Such agreements or other arrangements may be based on the elements listed in Appendix VI. Article 9 RESEARCH PROGRAMMES The Parties shall give special consideration to the setting up, or intensification of, specific research prog~ammes aimed at: (a) Improving existing qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing the impacts of proposed activities; (b) Achieving a better understanding of cause-effect relationships and their role in integrated environmental management; (c) Analysing and monitoring the efficient implementation of decisions on proposed activities with the intention of minimizing or preventing impacts; (d) Developing methods to stimulate creative approach~s in the search for environmentally sound alternatives to proposed activities, production and consumption patterns; 395 (e) Developing methodologies for the application of the principles of environmental impact assessment at the macro-economic level. The resu~ts of the programmes listed above shall be exchanged by the Parties. Article to STAfflS OF THE APPENDICES The Appendices attached to this Convention form an integral part of the Convention. Article 11 MEETING OF PARTIES 1. The Parties shall meet, so far as possible, in connection Yith the annual sessions of the Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental and Water Problems. The first meeting of the Parties shall be convened not later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, meetings of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by a meeting of the Parties, or at the written requ~st of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to them by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. 2. The Parties shall keep under continuous review the implementation of this Convention, and, with this purpose in mind, shall: (a) Review the policies and methodological approaches to environmental impact assessment by the Parties with a view to further improving environmental impact assessment procedures in a transboundary context; (b) Exchange information regarding experience gained in concluding and implementing bilateral and multilateral agreements or other arrangements regarding the use of environmental impact assessment in a transboundary context to which one or more of the Pa~t-ies are party; (c) Seek, where appropriate, the services of competent international bodies and scientific coamittees in methodological and technical aspects pertinent to the achievement of the purposes of this Convention; (d) At their first meeting, consider and by consensus adopt rules of procedure for their meetings; (e) Consider and, where necessary, adopt proposals for amendments to this Convention; (f) Consider and Wldertake any additional action that may be required for the achievement of the purposes of this Convention. 396 Articl•JJ RIGHT TO VOTE l. Each Party to this Convention shall have one vote. 2. Except as provided for in paragraph l of this Article, regional economic integration organi~ations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number ~f votes equal to the number of their member States which are Parties to this Convention. Such organizations shall not exercise their right to vote if their member States exercise theirs, and vice versa. Article 13 SECRETARIAT The Executive Secretary of the Economic Coanission for Europe shall carry out the following secretariat functions: (a) The convening and preparing of meetings of the Parties; (b) The transmission of reports and other information received in accordance with the provisions of this Convention to the Parties; and (c) The performance of other fwictions as may be provided for in this Convention or as may be determined by the Parties. Article 14 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION 1. Any·Party may propose amendments to this Convention. 2. Proposed amen-ahients shall be submitted in writing to the aecretariat, which shall co111Dwli.cate them to all Parties. The proposed amendments shall be discussed at the next meeting of the Parties, provided these proposals have been circulated bytbe secretariat to the Parties at least ninety days in advance. · 3. The Parties shall make every effort to reacb agre-ent on any proposed amendment to this Convention by consensus. If all efforts at consensus bave been exhausted, and no a1reement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. 397 4. Amendments to this Convention adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article shall be submitted by the Dltpoaitary to all Parties for ratification, approval or acceptance. They shall enter into force for Parties having ratified, approved or accepted them on the ninetieth day after the receipt by the Depositary of notification of their ratification, approval or acceptance by at least three fourths of these Parties. Thereafter they shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after that Party deposits its instrument of ratification, approval or acceptance of the amendments. 5. For the purpose of this Article, "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. 6. The voting procedure set forth in paragraph 3 of this Article is not intended to constitute a precedent for future agreements negotiated within the Economic Commission for Europe. Article 15 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. If a dispute arises between two or more Parties about the interpretation or application of this Convention, they shall seek a solution by negotiation or by any other method of dispute settlement acceptable to the parties to the dispute. %. When signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Convention, or at any time thereafter, a Part] may declare in writing to the Depositary that for a dispute not resolved in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article, it accepts one or both of the following means of dispute settleJ!.!ent as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting the same obligation: (a) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice; (b) Arbitration in accordance with ·the procedure set out in ~ Fpendi.x VI I. 3. If the parties to the dispute have accepted both means of dispute settlement referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, the dispute may be submitted only to the International Court of Justice, unless the parties agree otherwise. 398 Article 16 SIQIATURE This Convention shall be open for signature at Espoo (Finland) from 25 February to l March 1991 and thereafter at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 2 September 1991 by States members of the Economic Commission for Europe as well as States having consultative status with the Economic Commission for Europe pursuant to paragraph 8 of the Economic and Social Council resolution 36 (IV) of 28 March 1947, and by regional economic integration organizations constituted by sovereign States members of the Economic Commission for Euro~e to which their member States have transferred competence in respect of matters governed by this Convention, in;:luding the competence to enter into treaties in respect of these matters. Article 17 RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL AND ACCESSION 1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by signatory States and regional e,:onomic integration organizations. 2. This Convention shall be open for acce~sion as from 3 September 1991 by the States and organizations referred to in Article 16. 3. The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall .be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Uni~ed Nations, who shall perform the functions of Depositary. 4. Any organization referred to in Article 16 which becomes a Party to this Convention without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Convention. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Convention, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Convention. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Convention concurrently. 5. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the regional economic integration organizations referred to in Article 16 shall declare the extent of their competence vith respect to the matters governed by this Convention. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary of any relevant modification to the extent of their competence. Article 18 ENTRY INTO FORCE 1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 399 2. For the purposes of paragraph l of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of such an organization. 3. For each State or organization referred to in Article 16 which ratifies, accepts or approves this Convention or accedes thereto after the deposit of the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by such State or organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Article l9 WITHDRAWAL At any time after four years from the date on which this Convention has come into force with respect to a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Convention by giving written notification to the Depositary. Any such withdrawal shall take effect on the ninetieth day after the date of its receipt by the Depositary. Any such withdrawal shall not affect the application of Articles 3 to 6 of this Convention to a proposed activity in respect of which a notification has been made pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 1, or a request has been made pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 7, before such withdrawal took effect. Article 20 AUTHENTIC TEXTS The original of this Convention, of which the English, French and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention. DONE at Espoo (Finland), this twenty-fifth day of February one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one. 400 APPE:NI>IX I LIST OF ACTIVITIES 1. ·crude oil refineries (excluding undertakings manufacturing only lubricants from crude oil) and installations for the gasification and liquefaction of 500 tonnes or more of coal or bituminous shale per day. 2. Thermal power stations and other combustion installations with a heat output of 300 megawatts or more and nuclear power stations and other nuclear reactors (except research installations for the production and conversion of fissionable and fertile materials, whose maxirnUJD power does not exceed l kilowatt continuous thermal load). 3. Installations solely designed for the production or enrichment of nuclear fuels, for the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels or for the storage, disposal and processing of radioactive waste. 4. Major installations for the initial smelting of cast-iron and steel and for the production of non-ferrous metals. 5. Installations for the extraction of asbestos and for the processing and transformation of asbestos and products containing asbestos: for asbestos-cement products, with an annual production of more than 20,000 tonnes finished product; for friction material, with an annual production of more than SO tonnes finished product; and for other asbestos utili~ation of mo~e than 200 tonnes per year. 6. Integrated chemical installations. 7. Construction of motorways, express roads~/ and lines for long-distance railway traffic and of airports with .a basic runway length of 2,100 metres or more. 8. Large-diameter oil and gas pipelines. 9. Trading ports and also inland waterways and ports for inland-waterway traffic which pemit the passage of vessels of over 1,350 tonnes. 10. Waste-disposal installations for the incineration, chemical treatment or landfill of toxic and dangerous wastes. 11. Large dams and reservoirs. 12. Groundwater abstraction activities in cases where the annual volume of water to be abstracted amounts to 10 million cubic metres or more. 13. Pulp and paper manufacturing of 200 air-<lried metric tonnes or more per day. 401 14. Major mining, on-site extraction and processing of metal ores or coal, t5. Offshore hydrocarbon production. 16. Major storage facilities for petroleum, petrochemical and chemical products. 17. Deforestation of large areas. ~/ For the purposes of this Convention: ''Motorway" means a road specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties borderinc on it, and which: (a) Is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriaceways for the two directions of traffic, separated from •~ch other by a dividing strip not intended for traffic or, exceptionally, by other means; • (b) Does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; and (c) Is specially sign-posted as a motorway. "Express road" means a road reserved for motor traffic accessible only from interchanges or controlled junctions and on which, in particular, stopping and parking are prohibited on the running carriageway(s). 402 APPENDIX II CONTENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTATION Information to be included in the environmental impact assessment documentation shall, as a minimum, contain, in accordance with Article 4, (a) A description of the proposed activity and its purpose; (b) A description, where appropriate, of reasonable alternatives (for example, locational or technological) to the proposed activity and also t~e no-action alternative; (c) A description of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the proposed activity and its alterr:atives; (d) A description of the potential environmental impact of the proposed activity and its alternatives and an estimation of its significance; (e) A description of mitigation measures to keep adverse environmental impact to a minb1um; (f) An explicit indication of predict,ive methods and underlyin5 assumptions as well as the relevant environmental data used; (g) An identification of gaps in knowledge and uncertainties encountered in compiling the required information; (h) Where appropriate, an outline for monitoring and management programmes and any plans for post-project analysis; and (i) A non-technical summary including a visual presentation as appropriate (maps, graphs, etc.). 403 AP?ENDIX III GENERAL CRITERIA TO ASSIST IN THE DETE~~INATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ACTIVITIES NOT LISTED IN APPENDIX I 1. In considering proposed activities to which Article 2, paragraph S, applies, the concerned Parties may consider whether the activity is likely to have a significant adverse transboundary impact in particular by virtue of cne or more of the following criteria: (a) illl: proposed activities which are large for the type of the activity; (b) Location: proposed activities which are located in or close to an area of special environmental sensitivity or importance (such as wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention, national parks, nature reserves, sites of special scientific interest, or sites of archaeological, cultural or historical L~portance); also, proposed activities in locations where the characteristics of proposed development would be likely to have significant effects on the population; (c) Effects: potentially adverse humans or on valued pctential use of an cannot be sustained proposed activities with particularly complex and effects, including those giving rise to serious effects on species or organisms, those which threaten the existing er affected area and those causing additional loading which by the carrying capacity of the environment. 2. The concerned Parties shall consider for this purpose proposed activities which are located close to an international frontier as well as more remote proposed activities which could give rise to significant transboundary effects far removed from the site of dev~lopment. 404 APPENDIX IV INQUIRY PROCEDURE 1. 'rhe requesting Party or Parties shall notify the secretariat that it or they submit(s) the question of whether a proposed activity listed in Appendix I is likely to have a significant adverse transboundary impact to an inquiry commission established in accordance with the provisions of this Appendix. This notification shall state the subject-matter of the inquiry. The secretariat shall notify immediately all Parties to this Conventiou of this submission. z. The inquiry commission shall consist of three members. Bot9 the requesting party and the other party to the inquiry procedure shall appoint a scientific or technical expert, and the two experts so appointed shall deeignate by common agreement the third expert, who shall be the president of the inquiry conanission. The latter shall not be a national of one of the parties to the inquiry procedure, nor have his or her usual place of residence in the territory of one of these parties, nor be employed by any of them, nor have dealt with the matter in any other capacity. 3. If the president of the inquiry co111111ission has not been designated within two months of the appointment of the second expert, the Executive Secretary of the Economic Coonission for Europe shall, at' the request of either party, designate the president within a further two-month period. 4. If one of the parties to the inquiry procedure does not appoint an expert within one month of its receipt of the notification by the secretariat, the other party may inform the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, who shall designate the president of the inquiry commission within a further two-month period. Upon designation, the president of the inquiry commission shall r~quest the party which has not appointed an expert to do so within one month. After such a period, the president shall inform the Executive Secretary of the Economic C011111ission for Europe, who shall make this appointment wjthin a further two-month period. 5. The inq11-ky co111111ission shall adopt its own rules of procedure. 6. The inquiry co111111ission may take all appropriate measures in order to carry out its functions. 7. The parties to the inquiry procedure shall facilitate the work of the inquiry co11111ission and, in particular, using all means at t~eir disposal, shall: (a) Provide it with all relevant documents, faciliti~s and information;· and (b) Enablt! it, where necessary, to call witnesses or experts and receive their evidence. 405 8. The parties and the experts shall protect the confidentiality of any information they receive in confidence during the work of the inquiry commission. 9. If one of the parties to the inquiry procedure does not appear before tne inquiry commission or fails to present its case, the other party may request the inquiry commission to continue the proceedings and to complete its work. Absence of a party or failure of a party to present its case shall not constitute a bar to the continuation and completion of the work of the inquiry commission. 10. Unless the inquiry commission determines otherwise be~ause of the particular circumstances of the matter, the expenses of the inquiry, commission, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne by the parties to the inquiry procedure in equal shares. The inquiry commission shall keep a record of all its expenses, and shall furnish a final statement thereof to the parties. 11. Any Party having an interest of a factual nature in the subject-matter of the inquiry procedure, and which may b• affected by an opinion in the matter, may intervene in the proceedings with the consent of the inquiry commission. 12. The decisions of the inquiry commission on. matters of proced•.1re shall be taken by majority vote of its members. The final opinion of the inquiry commission shall reflect the view of the majority of its members and shall include any dissenting view. 13. The inquiry commission shall present its final op1n1on within two months of the date on which it was es~ablished unless it finds it necessary to extend this time limit for a period which should not exceed two months. 14. The final opinion of the inquiry commission shall be based on accepted scientific principles. The final opinion shall be transmitted by the inquiry commission to the parties to the inquiry procedure and to the secretariat. Objectives include: 406 APPENDIX V POST-PROJECT ANALYSIS (a) Monitoring compliance with the conditions as set out in the authorization or approval of the activity and the effectiveness of mitigation measures; (b) Re•riew of an impac:: for proper management an<! in order to cope with uncertainties; (c) Verification of past predictions in order to transfer experience to future activities of the s~~e type. 407 APPENDIX VI ELEMENTS FOR BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL CO-OPERATI0N 1. Concerned Parties may set up, where appropriate, institutional arrangements or enlarge the mandate of existing institutional arrangements within the framework of bilateral and multilateral agreements in order to give full effect to this Convention. 2. Bilateral and multilateral agreements or other arrangements may include: (a) Any additional requirements for the implementation of this Convention, taking into account the specific conditions of the subregion concerned; (b) Institutional, administrative and other arrangements, to be made on a reciprocal and equivalent basis; (c) Harmonization of their policies and measures for the protection of the environment in order to attain the greatest possible similarity in standards and methods related to the implementation of environmental impact assessment; (d) Developing, improving, and/or ha=onizing methods for the identification, measurement, prediction and assessment of impacts, and for pest-project analysis; (e) Developing and/or improving methods and programmes for the collection, analysis, storage and timely dissemination of comparable data regarding environmental q'.tality in order to provide input into environmental impact assessment; (f) The establishment of threshold levels and more specified criteria for defining the significance of transboundary impacts related to the location, nature or size of proposed activities, for which environmental impact assessment in accordance with the provisions of this Convention shall be applied; and the establishment of critical loads of transbou.1dary pollution; (g) Undertaking, where appropriate, joint environmental impact assessment, development of joint monitoring programmes, intercalibration of monitoring devices and harmonization of methodologies with a view to rendering the cata and information obtained compatible. 408 APPENDIX VII ARBITRATION l. 'The claimant Party or Parties shall notify the secretariat that the Parties have agreed to submit the dispute to arbitration pursuant to Article 15, paragraph 2, of this Convention. The notification shall state the subject-matter of arbitration and include, in particular, the Articles of :this Convention, the interpretation or application of which are at issue. The secretariat shall forward the information ~eceived to all Parties to this Convent ion. 2. The arbitral tribunal shall consist of three members. Both the claiman~ Party or Parties and the other Party or Parties to the dispute s'hall appoint an arbitrator, and the two arbitrators so appointed shall designate by common agreement the third arbitrator, who shall be the president of the arbitral tribunal. The latter shall not be a national of one of the parties to the dispute, nor have his or her usual place of residence in the territory of one of these parties, nor be employed by any of them, nor have dealt with the case in any other capacity. 3. If the president of the arbitral tribunal ha• not been designated withi~ two months of the appointment of the second arbitrator, the Executive Secretary of the Economic Co11111ission for Europe shall, at the request of either party to the dispute, desirnate the president within a further two-month period. 4. If one of the parties to the dispute does not appoint an arbitrator within two months of the receipt of the request, the other party may inform the Executive Secretary of the Economic Connission for Europe, who shall designate the president of the arbitral tribunal within a further two-month period. Upon designation, the pruident of the arbitral tribunal shall request the party which has not appointed an arbitrator to do so within two months. After such a period, the president shall inform the Executive Secretary of the Economic C011111ission for Europe, who shall make this appointment within a further two-month period. S. The arbitral tribunal shall render its decision in accordance with international law and in accordance with the provisions of this Convention. 6. Any arbitral tribunal constituted under the provisions set out herein shall draw up its own rules of procedure. 7. The decisions of the arbitral tribunal, both on procedure and on substan~e, shall be taken by -jority vote of its members. 8. The tribunal may take all appropriate measures in order to establish the facts. 9. The parties to the dispute shall facilitate the work of the arbitral tribunal and. in particular, using all means at their disposal, shall: 409 (a) Provide it with all relevant documents, facilities and information; and (b). Enable it, where necessary, to call witnesses or experts and receive their evidence. 10. The parties and the arbitrators shall protect the confidentiality of any information they receive in confidence during the proceedings of the arbitral tribunal. 11. The arbitral tribunal may, at the request of one of the parties, recommend interim measures of protection. 12. If one of the parties to the dispute does not appear before the arbitral tribunal or fails to defend its case, the other party may request the tribunal to continue the proceedings and to render its final decision. Absence of a party or failure of a party to defend its case shall not constitute a bar to the proceedings. Before rendering its final decision, the arbitral tribur.al must satisfy itself that the claim is well founded in fact and law. 13. The arbitral tribunal may hear and determine counter-claims arising directly out of the subject-matter of the dispute. 14. Unless the arbitral tribunal determines otherwise because of the particular circumstances of the case, the expenses of the tribunal, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne by the parties to the dispute in ~qual shares. The tribunal shall keep a record of all its expenses, and shall furnish a final statement thereof to the par:ies. 15. Any Party to this Convention having an interest of a legal nature in the subject-matter of the dispute, and which may be affected by a decision in the case, may intervene in the proceedings with the consent of the tribunal. 16. The arbitral tribunal shall render its award within five months of the date on which it is established unless it finds it necessary to exteqg. the time limit for a period which should not exceed five months. 17. The award of the arbitral tribunal shall be accompanied by a statement of reasons. It shall be final and binding upon all parties to the dispute. The award will be transmitted by the arbitral tribu.~al to the parties to the dispute and to the secretariat. The secretariat will forward the information received to all Parties to this Convention. 18. Any dispute which may arise between the parties concerning the interpretation or execution of the award may be submitted by either party to the arbitral tribunal which made the award or, if the latter cannot be seized thereof, to another tribunal constituted for this purpose in the same manner as the first. 410 nINAKA[ MEPO[ II IYMBAIH rlA THN EKTIMHIH TON nEPIBAMONTIKON EnmTOIEON IE ~IAIYNOPIAKA nMIIIA Ta Mtpri OTl'lv TTapouoo rnµ(3oor,, 'Exovro< ; ouvdoriori Tl")< ; ouoxtr1017< ; µ€:Ta(u TWV OIKOVOµIKWV OPOOTrJPIOT~TWV KOi TWV ETTITTTWCEWV TOU<; y,a TO TTEp1l36Mov. Em'3e'3a1wvovra<; r11v avayKa16rr,ra va 01aoq>aA1arEi 11 TTEp1J3aAAovr1Ka op80>..oy1Kr') KOi arnp6po<; avamu~ri ATToq>ao1oµtva va EVTEivouv T'l 01£9v,; ouv£pyaoia o-rov roµfo rri<; £Kriµ11011<; TWV TTEpt(3aMOVTIKWV ETTIIDWOEWV, KOi EIOIKCI OE 01aouvop10Ka nAaicr1a. rvwpi(ovra<; T'lV avayKOIOTflTO KOi Tfl Of]µaoia Tr)<; u108tTf]OrJ<; TTOA.ITIKWV npoArJTTTIKOU xapaKr,;pa KOi Tl")<; np6A114111<;, Tl")<; µEiwori<; KOi T'l<; napaK0Aou817017<; TWV Ol")µOVTIKWV ouoµtVWV TTEp1!3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWOEWV EV ytvtl KOi, E!OIKOTtpa, OE 01aouvop1aKa nAaio1a. YTTEV8uµi<ovroc; Tl<; OXETIKt<; OIOTO~EI<; TOU XapTI") TWV Hv1.uµtvwv Eevwv, Tr] 610Kupri~11 Tll<; 61aoKE4J'1<; rr,c; rro1Cx6Aµric; rwv Hvwµtvwv E9vwv y10 To Av8pwmvo nEp1l3aMov, Tl")V TEAIKfl npa~ri Tl")<; ~ICIO'KE4)rJ<; y10 Tl")V AmpaAEIO KOi Tl") LUVEpyaoia 07T)V Eup<..i.>TTJ"] (Ll.A.l:.E.) KOi TO TEAIKO KEiµEva rwv LUVOVTflOEWV TWV AvrmpoOWTTWV TWV EuµµETEXOYTWV OTrJ ti.A.I:.E. Xwpwv, T'7<; Moopir17<; KOi T'7<; 81twr,<;. rr,µEIWVOVTC<; µe JKOVOTT011'101'1 TO µtrpa TTOU txouv Aricp9ti OTTO TO Kpcm, WOTE va 51aocpaA1orti, µtcrw rwv t8v1Kwv voµ1Kwv KOi 0101K17r1Kwv o,ara~Ewv KOi rwv E9Vil(WY TTOA!TIKWY, 17 i51evtpyt1a Tl'l<; EKTiµrioric; TWY m:p1'3aMoVTIKWV ETTITTTWOtWV. 411 "Exovrac; auvtil5riari Tl"lc; avayKa16T1"1Tac; va i\r,q>8ouv aol3apa un641ri 01 TTEp1l3aMOVTIKOi napayOVTE<; OTl')V apxt; Tl"I<; 151a61Kaoiac; Ati'l'l"lc; OTTO(j)CIOEWV, EQ)Opµ6~ovrac:; Tl')V EKTiµriafl TWV TTEp1l3aMOVTIKWV ETTlmWOEWV, OE 6Atc; Tic; KaTciMri.\tc:; 15101Krir1Ktc; l3a8µi&c:;, ~ avayKaio Epyai\Eio y1a Tl"I l3£i\ TiWCJfl T1"1<; TT016rr,Tac:; Twv nA11pocpop1wv nou naptxovra1 arouc; apµo15iouc:; y1a Tll Ati4Jl"I OTTO(j)OO'EWV, ETTITptnovrac; tra, Tfl M'l-'11 TTEp1l3aMOVTIKCI op80Aoy1KWV aTTO(!>CIOEWV, KOTal3aMovrac:; Ka8E npo01Ta8t1a va ntp1op1a8ouv, 6ao Efva, l5uvaT6v, 01 arUJaVT1Ktc; 15uaµEvtic:; m1mwat1c; TWv 15paar11p10Tt;Twv Kai t1151K6Ttpa aE l51aauvop1aKa nAaia1a. rvwpi~ovrac:; r1c:; npoaTTa8tt£c; nou txouv KaTal3aAt1 01 61t8vtic; opyav,aµoi y1a Tl"jV 1Tpow8na11 Tf'lc; TTPOKTIK(Jc; Tl"lc; EKTiµnanc; TWV TTEp1l3aMOVTIKWV ETTlmWOEWV, 0£ ETTiTTEl>O TOO'O £8VtK6 600 KOi l>1£8vtc;. Aaµl3avovrac;. UTT04Jll Tic; UTT6 TllV aIyi15a Tile; 01Kovoµ1Kr,c:; Emrponr'Jc:; y,a Tf"lV Eupwm1. Tou Opyav1aµou Hvwµtvwv E8vwv. O'XETIKE<; Epyaaitc;, KOi E115tKOT£pa TO TTOpiaµara TOU I£µ1vapiou y1a Tl"IV EKTiµf'lOf'l TWV ntp1f3aAAovr1Kt.iJv tn1mt.i.>atwv (ttmtµl3p1oc; 1987, Bapao(3ia no>.wvfac:;). KOi m1l3tl3aiwvovrac; arouc; rKonouc; Kai Tic:; Apxtc; Tll<; £KTiµ11a11c:; Twv ntp1paMovr1Kwv ETTITTTWOEWV I TTOU u108tr11ot TO AIOIKflTIKO :ruµ~ui\10 TOU npoypaµµaroc; TWV Hvwµtvwv E8vwv y1a TO ntp1l3aMov Kai TllV Ynoupy1Kt; a1aKup11~11 y1a Tll 151apKt; avamu~f"l (Maioc; 1990, MntpyKtv Nopl31'1vias). l:uµq,WVrJOOV WS OKOAou8ws: "Ap8po 1 OPIIMOI (a) 'Mtprl' a11µaiv£1, £KT6c; KOi av opi~ETOI 61acpop£TIKCI an6 TO KEiµEVO, . TO ruµl3aM6µtva Mtpri arrw napouoa Iuµl3aar'}. (13) 'Mtpoc:; npotAwarK ariµaivE1 ro ruµj3aM6µtvo Mtpo~ ~ ra ruµ~aAA6µ£va Mtpf'l arr,v rrapouaa Iuµl3aar'}, un6 Tr'} l51Ka1ol5ooia Twv onoiwv np61<£1Ta1 va 151E~ax8Ef TTPOT£1VOfJEV'115PaOTflPIOTl1TO .. 412 (y) '01y6µEvo Mtpoc:;' ar-iµoivE1 TO I::uµ~oM6µEvo Mtpoc:; r'j ra I:uµ~oM6µEvo Mtpri orriv nopouoa rnµi,oori, y10 TO onoia ri npomv6µEvrJ 1SpaaTr,p16TrJra Evotxua, va OUVETTCIVETCI OlOOUVOplOKE<; ETTITTTWOtl<;. (o) 'Evo1oq>Ep6µEva Mtpri' oriµaivE1 TO Mtpoc:; npot.\woric; Kai To 01y6µEvo Mtpoc:; µ1ac; tKTiµrioric:; TWV TTtpl~CMOVTIKWV ETTIIDWOtWV, 11 OTTOia yivtTQI OE tcpapµoyr; Tl"}<; napouoac:; I:uµl30011c:;. (E) ·npomv6µ£v17 ~pOOTl"JPIOTrJT0° crriµaiVEI KC10£ 15pOOTrJp10TrJTO r'j K09£ cr17µ0VT1Kr'j µEra~o.\r'j µ1ac:; opacrr11p16r11rac:;. ri onoio un6KE1rm ot an6q,aori TrJ<; apµ601ac:; opxr'Jc:; ouµq,wvwc; npoc; Ka8t Eq>apµo<6µEVrJ t8v1Kr'] 01ao11c:aoia. (OT) 'EKTiµnori TWV TTEPl~OMOVTIKWV ETTIIDWOtwv' or,µaivEI µ,a E9VIKr'j OIOOIKOOia TTOU £XEI we:; QVTIKEiµEVO Tl")V EKTiµriori TWV m8avwv ETTITTTWOEWV µ1ac:; npomv6µEvric:; OpaOTrJPIOTrJTO<; CITO TTEp1~6Mov. (C 'EmmwoE1c:;' oriµaivt1 K09E Enimwori µ1ac:; npomv6µEvric:; opoOTrJp16TrJTO<; O'TO TT£p1!36Mov KOi £11S1K6T£pa O'TrJV ov8pwmv11 uy£ia KOi acrcpa>-.£10, OTl"J x>-.wpi~a KOi navioa, OTO toaq>oc:;, OTOV atpa, OTO UOQTQ, OTO tc:>.iµa, CITO TOTTIO KOi OE IOTOPIKCI µVl")µEia r'j aME<; UAIKt<; KOTOOKEUt<;, ri OTr]V aMriAuri1Spao11 aurwv TWV rrapay6vrwv. Enio11c:; ouµTTEp1.\aµl3avE1 ric:; EmmwoE1<; OTrJV no.\mor1Kr'j tc:>.r,povoµ,a r; or1c:; KOIVWVIKOOIKOVOµIKE<; ouv8r'jKE<;, 01 OTTOiE<; TTPOKOAOUVTQI OTTO µErnl30.\tc; OUTWV TWV nopay6vrwv. (ri} ·~1aouvop10Ktc; EmmwoE1c:;' oriµaiVEI KCl8E rnimwori, ox1 OTTOKAEIO'TIKCI noyK60µ1ou XOPOKTr'jpa TTOU ea µnopOUOE va TTPOKArJ0Ei 0£ µ1a TTEp1oxr; EVT6<; rr1c:; lS1K01olSocriac; e:v6<; Mtpouc; an6 µ10 npomv6µe:v11 L'lpamrip16r11ra T'l<; onoim; rJ (J)UO'IKr'} npotAEUOrJ ~piO'KETOI EV CAW r') EV µtpEI OE mp1oxr') TTOU UTTC!VETQI OTf"I 01Ka1ooooio 6.Mou ruµj3aM6µtvou Mtpouc;. (8) 'Apµ601a Apxr;· oriµaiVEI Tr)V E8V1Kr'} apxr') r; ric; E8VIKE«; apxtc; TTOU opi{ovra, an6 tva Mtpoc; y1a va EKTTAr,pwoouv ra,.1<08r')Kovra nou avacptpovrm orriv napouoa 413 ruµl3aari, Km/r'j Tr,v E~oumolS0Tr,µtv11 aTT6 tva Mtpoc:; apxr;, r; TI<; apxtc:;, yIa va aOKOUV E~OUO'IE<; OXETIKt<; µE Ar'J11111 CTTO(j)OOEWV yIa ICOTTOIC npomvoµEV'l opaon1p16Tr,ra. (1) 'To Ko1v6' crr,µaivt1 tva.~ mp1cro6n:pa np6crwna, cpuo1Ka r; voµ1Ka. 'Ap9po 2 rENIKEl: D.IATA=Elr 1. Ta Mtpri Aaµl3avouv, µEµovwµtva ~ OTTO KOIVOU, 6Aa TO KOTOMl'JAO KQI CTTOTEAt:crµarn<:a µtTpa y,a Tl)V TTp6A11111ri, Tl") µ£iWO'I") KOi TOV 0,£YX.O TWV ariµaVTIKWV ISuoµtvwv 01aauvop1aKwv tmmwcre:wv, nou ea .~mopouoav va txouv y10 To TTEp1!3aMov, TTpomv6µtvE<; opaar17p16rr,re:c:;. 2. K69E Mtpoc; Aaµl3avt1 ra anapairrira voµ1Ka, IS1011<11nK6 r; 6Ma µtrpa y,a rriv e:q>apµoy~ rwv 01ara~Ewv Tl'J<; TTapouoac; ruµl3aa11<;, ouµrre:p1>.aµl3avoµtv11c:;, 6aov acpopa arI<; npomv6µtvE<; 15pam11p16rr,rtc; TTOU avacptpovra1 arov Kara>.oyo rou napapTfllJOTO<; I KOi 01 OTTOIE<; EVIS(XETQI va txouv CJl')µOVTll<t<; ISuc:rµe:vti<; IS1acruvop1aKtc:; rn1mwoe:1<;, T'1<; Ka81tpwcr11c; µia<; 151001Kacria<; EKTiµr,o,-,c:; rwv m:p,~aMOVTIKWV tTTlmWO'EWV, 11 OlTOia ea £TT1Tp£lTEI T'l cruµµrroxr; TOU KOIVOU KOi Tl'lV TTpOtT01µacria TOU q>aKt>.ou EKTiµ11011c; TWV TTEp1!3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWO'EWV, 6TTwc; auroc; TTEp1yp6q>t:ra1 oro napapn-iµa 11. 3. To Mtpoc; npotAe:uoric; µe:p,µva, crOµ(pWva µt nc:; 01ara~t1c; r,-,c; napouoac; !uµl3aoric;. y,a Tl'JV EKTTOVl")O'I") EKTiµ11oric; TWV TTEptl3aMOVTIKWV rn1mwoEWV, TTPIV >.11q:>8Ei f'} CTTOq>OOfl napox~s OOEIOS ~ EKKlVflOT)<; µIac; npon:1v6µtvric; opamrip16TT)Tac; TTOU avacptpETOI OTO napaprriµa I KOi EVISEXETOI va EXEi oriµaVTIKt<; ISuoµtvtiS IS1acruvop1aKtc:; ETTITTTWOEI<;. 4. To Mtpoc; npot>.woric; µtp1µva, cruµq>wva µE Tl<; IS1ara~t1c; Tf"l<; napouaac; ruµl3aoric:;. wort ra 01y6µtva Mtpr, va £vriµ£pwvovra, yIa K00£ rrpomv6µ£vrJ opaOTr'\PIOTl'lTO TTOU avacptpETal OTO napapTriµa I KOi EVOEXETal va EXEi oriµaVTtKt<; oucrµEve:ic:; 01aauvop1aKtc; e:mmwotI<;. 414 5. 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Ta µtpri E~ua<ouv cruvtxwc ; r11v Eq>opµoy~ r11c; napoucroc; L0µl30011c; Km µE OUTO TOV O'KOTTO 80· (a) E~ET6<';ouv nc; noA1T1Ktc ; TOU<;KOI Tic ; µE8oooi\oy1Ktc ; rouc ; TTpOcrEyyiOElc ; OTOV roµta rr1c ; £KTiµrio-11c ; TWV mp1l3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWOEWV, TTpoKElµtvou va 13EATIWO"OUV m:pam:pw nc ; OIOOIKOOiEc ; EKTiµrioric ; TWV m:p1l3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWOEWV OE omauvop1aKa rrAairna. (13) AvraMacrcrouv TTAl"JPOq>opiEc; OXETIKES µE rr1v Eµm:1pia rouc; an6 HJ ouV04Jfl KOi rriv Eq>apµoyr; 01µEpwv Kat noi\uµEpwv ouµcpwv1wv r; a.Mwv pu0µim:wv nou mpopouv crn7v EKTiµ11011 TWV TTEp1l3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWOEWV O'E 01aouvop1aKC1 rrAaio-10, crnc ; onoiEc ; tva r; TTEp1006rEpa Mtpri rric ; napouoac ; L0µl3acrric ; Eiva1 ruµl3aM6µEva Mtpri. (y) Zrirouv, OTTOU XPEIO<';ETOI, rn; UTTl')pEOiEc ; opµ6o1wv rn1crrriµov1KWV Emrponwv KOi OIE8vwv opyav1oµwv, y1a etµarn µE8000Aoy1KO KOi TEXVIKCI, oXETIKCI µE TflV uAonoi11011 rwv crKonwv r11c ; napouoac ; L0µl3acrric ;. (c) LTf"jV TTpWTl"J rouc; O'UVEOpiaori E~ETa<';ouv KOi UI08ETOUV oµ6cpwva, 01ao1i<aor1Kouc ; Kav6vEC; yIa r1c ; ouvEop16oc1c ; rouc ;. (E) E~rn:it;ouv KOi, 6nou XPEICl<';ETOI, u106ETOUV npOTOOElc ; yIa TPOTTOTTOtriOEJc ; r17c ; napouoac;ruµl3ao11c ;. (or) E~na<';ouv Km avaAaµl36vouv ono,aor;TToTE rnmp6cr9ET'1 opao17 11 onoia µ,ropti va QTTOITEITCI y1a Tl,V ETTiTEU~rJ TWV OKOTTWV rnc ; napoucrac ; LUµl3ao11c ;. 423 'Ap8po 12 f1IKAIOMA 4'H4>0Y 1. Ka8t Mtpoc; orriv napouoa I:uµl3aori 5,aetm µIa 41~q>o. 2. EKT6<; an6 nc; npol3>.t4Jt1c; TWV 51aT<i~Ewv Tll<; napaypaq>ou 1 Tou nap6vroc; ap8pou, 01 TTEptcptpEIOKOi OIKOVOµucoi opyavIaµoi EVOTToir,or,c;, OE 0tµara Tf'l<; apµo616Tr,rac; Touc; aoKouv TO 61Koiwµa llJl')cpou, µE ap18µ6 411')cpwv foov npoc; Tov op18µ6 rwv KpaTwv Mt>.wv Touc; nou tiva, Mtpri OTf'lv napouaa ruµJ3aari. o, tv A6yw opyav,aµoi 6EV ea QO'KOUV TO 61Kaiwµa TOU<; VO 41r,q>i~ouv, EOV TO KpaTI'} Mt,\I") Touc; OO'KOUV TO 61K6 TOU<; OVTIO'TOIXO 5tKaiwµa KOi avriarpoq>o. 'Ap8po 13 rPAMMATEIA 0 EKrti\tO'TtK6<; rpaµµaTtac; Tl")<; 01Kovoµ1Kri<; Enirponric; yIa r11v Eupwm1 aaKti Ta aK6.\ou8a Ka81')Kovra ypaµµaTdac;: (a) Tl") ouyKAl")O'f1 KOi Tl')V TTp0ETOtµaaia TWV ruvt6p16aEWV TWV Mtpwv. (P} Triv OTTOO'TOAI') O'TQ Mtpl") TWV EK8tO'EWV KOi TWV AOITTWV TTA17pocpop1wv TTOU .\aµJ3avovra1 at tq>apµoyl') rwv 61ara~twv Tf'l<; napoucrac; !uµ~acrric;. (y} Trw EKTtAEO'I'} TWV aMwv K081'}KOVTWV nou TTPO~AETTOVTOI OTf"}V napouaa I:(Jµl3aal'} ri TTOU opi(OVTOI OTTO TO Mtp11. 'Ap8po 14 TPononOIH!EI! TH! !YMSM:Hr 1. Ono106~TTOTE Mtpoc; µnopEi va nportivt1 1ponono11')crt1e; OTf'lV napouaa ruµf.3aal'}. 424 2. 01 Tipomv6µEvEc; Tponono11')crtu; unol36Movra1 tyypaq>wc; cm1 ypaµµartia l'TOU Tl<; KOIVOTTOlti OE 6J..a TQ Mtp11. 01 EV Myw npoTttv6µtvtc; rponono11',ot1c; OU(llTOUVTCI OTTO TO Mtpri OTl'lV oµtcrw<; tn6µtvri cruvtopiacr11 TWV MEpwv, un6 Tf'IV npoun68EOI"\ 6n 11 ypaµµartia Tl<; txt1 0Iavtiµ£1 OTO Mtpri TOUAOXIO'TOV tV£Vl'\VTO rwtpt<; lTplV. 3. Ta Mtpr, KOTOj30Mouv K00E npoarra8EIO, TTpOKElµtvou va KOTa>.r'J(ouv OE cruµq>wvia µ£ oµoq,wvra y1a Ka8E npomv6µtvrt rpo1ToTToi11a11 ar11v napouaa ruµ~oar,. • Av 6J..E<; 01 rrpo01Ta8t1tc; yIa oµoq,wvia t~avr>.r,eouv Km <Stv tmn:ux8ti cruµ<pwvia, I"\ TpoTToTToir,011 u108£Ttira1 ~ taxaTrt J..uar, µE n>.E1011,111<pfa rwv 3/4 rwv MEpwv rrou Eivai rrop6vra Kot 4111<pi(ouv arr, ruvtopiacrr,. 4. o, TPOTTOTTOll'}OEI<; arr,v rropoucra ruµj3acrr,, TTOU u100tTOUVTOI ouµ<pwvwc; ,rpoc; Tl'lV lTCpaypacpo 3 TOU lTOpOVToS 6p8pou, U1TOl36Movra1 OTTO TO 0£µarocpu,\arc:a at 6>.a ra Mtpr, yIa Kupwari. tyKp1cr11 ri anoooxri. Ti8tvra, <St at 1crxu y,o To Mtpri 1TOU Tl<; Kupwaov, £VtKptvav r'J ano6tKHlKOV rriv EVEVl'lKOOir'J 17µtpa µtTa Tll Ar'J4J'1 OTTO TO 0tµOTO<.pUAOKO Tf1c; KOIVOTTOit1011c; Kupwo11c;. tyKp1a11c; ri OTJOOoxr'}c; TOU<; arr6 TOUMXtO'TOV Ta 3/4 TWV EV Myw Mtpwv. l:Tf1 cruvtxt1a, Ti8tVTOI 0£ Icrxu y,a OTTOIOOr'!TTOTE aMo Mtpoc; Tf1V EVEVf1KOOTri r,µtpa µna OTTO Tf1V KOT08£0'1 OTTO TO EV Myw Mtpoc; rou tyypa<pou Tou Kupwaric;, tyKp1011c; ri arroooxr'!c; Twv TPOTT0TJ0ll'\OEWV. 5. r,a Tou,; O'Korrou,; rou rrap6vroc; ap0pou. 6 6po<; 'Mtpri nou napioravrat KOi 4-irJ<Pi~ouv' 01-,µaiVEI TO Mtpri TTOU napiOTOVTOI cm, OUVE<5piacr11 KOi 4'f1<pi(ouv 8ETIKCI ri apvrJnKa. 6. H OIOOIKOOia Tf1<; 4Jll(pO<popiac; TTOU TTEpIypaq>ETQI OT11V rrcpaypacpo 3 TOU nap6vToc; ap8pou 6Ev tKAaµpavna1 we; anoTu.oucra npor,vouµtvo y,a Tl<; cruµq>wviE<; TTOU ea yivouv OVTiKEiµEVO µEMOVTIKWV 61arrpayµaTEUOEWV CITO n>.aio1a Tl']<; OIK0VO\JIKf}~ Emrpom')~ y1a Tl']V EupWTTfl. 425 "Ap8po 15 Enl/\ YI:H 8IA<POPON 1. 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H TUIKI'\ yvwµ., 8a KOIVOTTOl'leEi aTT6 Tl''IV E~ETOOTIK'l ETTITporrr; 0£ 6>.E<; Tl<; TTAEUptc; Tll<; E~ETQOTIKli<; 61ai51Kaorac; KOi 0Tf1 ypaµµarEia. nAPAPTHMAV ANAAYrH EK TON YITEPON H EV Myw ova>.uo11 tx£1 Eli51KOT£pa ~ OVTIKEiµEvo: (a) Triv napaKOAouerio'l r11c; Tl1P'l011<; TWV 6pwv TTOU txouv T£8Ei KOTCI Tf1V TTapoxi; ai5t1ac; ri KOTCI T'lV tyKp1011 Tf1<; 6paar11p16T1'1TC<;, K08wc; KOi TTOpaKo>.ou811011c; r11c; OTTOTEAEoµaT1KOTl1TO<; TWV i51op8wr1KWV µtrpwv. (13) Trw £~trao11 K68t tnimwo11c;. £1Tli51WKOVTa<; Tl'IV KOAI'! 61axtip1ori, TTPOKE1µtvou va apeEi Kaet aµq>1ol3r')r11cr'l. (y) T11v E~aKpiPwo-11 Tfl<; aKpil3t1ac; TWV npor,youµEVWV rrpol31'i4JEWV, TTPOKElµtvou VO OWPEUOVTOI xp,;a,µE; Eµ1TE1pitc; y,a Tl<; Opaorr1p16TflTEc; TOU ii51ou n'.mou. 436 nAPAPTHMA VI I:TOIXEIA THI lllMEPOYI KAI no/\ YMEPOYI !YNEPr AIIAI 1. Ta EvcS1acptp6µtva Mtpri µnopouv va rrpol3aivouv, av XPt1a<tTa1, at 8taµ1Kt<; pu8µiot1~ ri va 61tupuvouv TO rrtc5io Twv ri611 uqnan:iµtvwv pu8µiotwv oTa n>.aiO'la 61µtpwv KOi TTOAUµtpwv Iuµ<pu>VIWV, WOTE ., TTapouaa r.uµpaari va txt1 TTM\PES anortAtoµa. 2. o, 01µtpEi', ri noAuµtpds tuµl3aai1s ri 6.Mtc; pu8µiat1s µnopouv va npol3>.tnouv: (a) Ka8t tmTTAtov µtTpo via Touc; aKonouc; r11c; Eq>apµoyr'\c; Tr'\<; rrapouaac; Iuµl3aor,c;, Aaµl3avovras uTT6'1J'1 m; 161ain:pt<; ouver;,m; Tilt; auyKtKp1µtv11<; urrom:p1q>tpt1as. (13) 0£0'\JIKE«;, 610IKr,T1Kt«; KOi a.Mt<; pu8µi0'£1<; TIOU rrptTTEI va ouvamovrai OE !30011 aµo1l3a16T11Ta<; KOi ouµq>wvw<; npo<; r11v apxri rric; 1cronµiac;. {y) Trw £Vapµ6v1011 TWV TTOAITIKWV KOi TWV µtrpwv npoaraoiac; TOU TTEp1l3a.Movro<;, WOTE 01 npo6,aypa<ptc; KOl µi60601 O'XE1'1KCI µt Tl'lV E<papµovri Tl)<; EKTiµ11a11c; TWV TT£p1l3aMoVTIKWV ElTITTTWO'EWV va Eiva, 600 TO 5uvar6v oµo,6µopq,tc;. (5) Tr, or,µ1oupyia, rr, l3£Ariwcr11 ic:a1/r') r11v tvapµ6v1or, µt866wv TTpoo61op1oµou, µtTpf10'11S, np6l3AE4,111S KOi £KTiµria11s TWV ETTITTTWO'EWV, Ka8r.i.>c; KOi µt86owv EK TWV uartpwv ava>.uort<; (£) Tl'l i5r,µ1oupyia Kai/n r11 l3tAriwo11 µt86owv ic:01 rrpoypaµµarwv y1a rr, ouMoyr'\, ova>.uo11, arro8riKtucr11 1<01 0166ocrri crr~ ic:ara>.>.11>.o xpovo cruyKpio1µwv otcSoµtvwv 437 yIa Tl'lV TTOIOTl"lTO TOU TTEp1J3aMOVTO<;, µ£ aKOTT6 Tl')V TTapoxf) OEOOµtvwv yIa Tl')V KOTOpTICJI') Tl')c; EKTiµriaric; TTEp1J3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWOEWV. (OT) Tov Ka8op10µ6 opiwv KOi EIOIK6TEPWV Kp1r11piwv y,a TOV TTpoo<5,op,aµ6 Tl'l<; ariµaoia<; TWV OIQOUVOplOKWV £1TlmwaEWV CJ£ OUVOPTl'JOl"I µ£ Tr')V TTEPIOXf), Tl') (pUOI') t<a1 TO µtyt8oc; TWV nport1voµtvwv ~pacrr11p10Tr'\Twv nou nptrm va anon:1'.toouv To QVTIKEiµEVO EKTiµl')CJ'l<; TWV m:p1J3a>J.OVTIKWV ETTlmWCJEWV, OE t<papµoyf) TWV 61ara~twv r11c; napouoac; I:uµj3aoric;. Kai Tov Ka8op10µ6 Kp1aiµwv 51aauvop1aKwv punwv. (() T11v an6 KOIVOU TTpayµaTOTToir,011. 6TTOU XPEICl~ETOI, Tfl<; EKTiµr,or,<; TWV TTtp1J3aMOVTIKWV ETTITTTWOEWV, Tl') 011µ1oupyia KOIVWV TTpoypaµµaTWV TTapaK0Aou811011c;, Tl') auyKplTIKfl £~CKpiJ3wa11 TWV opyavwv tTIOmEia<; KQI Tf1V tvapµ6v1ari Tl')<; µt8ooo..\oyia<; rrp0KtIµtvou va t~aaq>a..\108£i 11 auµJ3ar6rrira TWV 6t6oµtvwv Kai TWv rrAr1poq,op1wv rrou auMtyovra1. nAPAPTHMA VII ~IAITH!IA 1. To QITOUV Mtpoc; r'\ Ta Mtp11 ea rrptTTEI va EIOOTTOlr\OOUV Tll ypaµµaTEia 6TI Ta Mtp11 auµcpwvrioav va uTToJ36Mouv HJ 61aq1wvia at 61a1rriaia, ouµq,wva µt Tl'}V rrapaypaq,o 2 Tau ap8pou 15 Tl')c; napouaac; I.uµl3aoric;. H t1i5onof11a11 8a avacptpt, To <~rrwa r11c; 61am1oiac; Kai ea ouµntp1Aaµl3avt1, t10IK6Ttpa, ra apepa rric; napouaa<; I.uµJ3aa11c;. crrr,v tpµrivtia ri TllV tq>apµoyr'\ rwv oTToiwv urrapxt1 np6l,3>.1,µa. H ypaµµarEia ea arroarti>.t, nc; ni\11poq,opit<; TTou ea MJ3tI at 6>-.a Ta Mtp11 T'l<; ncpouam; Iuµl3aa11c;. 2. To OIOIT'1TlK6 OIKOO'Tf1PIO ea OTIOTEAEITOI OTTO Tpia µt>.11. To OJTOUV Mtpoc; 11 Ta OITOUVTO Mtpri. 6rrwc; ETTiOI')<; KOi TO 0£UT£po Mtpoc; ~ Mtpri rric; i51acpwvia<;, ea opicouv an6 tva 51a1Tf1T"1, Kai 01 Mo op1aµtvo1 0101TflTtc; 0a opicrouv KaT6n1v Ko1v11c; cruµq,wvfac; TOI/ rpiro OtOlTl'JT~, 0 OTTO!oc; ea Eivai O TTp6tl5po<; TOU 51CITl')TIKOU 61icaor11piou. 0 rEAEuraioc; ea nptm:1 \la µriv tx t, r17v 18aytvt1a tv6<; an6 ra ouo 438 Mtpn Tl"lc; 61ac,wviac; OUT£ va EXEi TO auvr;e11 TOTTO KCTOIKiac; TOU arrw TTEp1oxr'I tv6c; arr6 Ta c5uo Mtp11 ouTt ea rrptrrt1 va Elva, urr6 Tl"IV tpyocSoaia Touc; ouTt va txt1 aaxo>.rietl µt Tr')V rrtpimwari µt Kcrno,a a.Uri 1cS16T1"1Ta. 3. Av o np6Ec5poc;; rou i5ra1rr1r1Kou 6n~aorripiou i5tv txtr op,orti, µtoo ot i5uo µftvtc; aTT6 TOV op1aµ6 TOU 6tUTtpou l51alTl'JTri, 0 EKTEAtOTIK6c; rpaµµaJtac; rr1c; OIKOVOIJIKrt<; EmTporrftc; via Tl"IV EupWTTl'J ea rrptTTtl, KOTOTTIV aiT11a11c; arr6 KOTTOfO Mtpoc; rnc; 61acpwvlac;, va oplat1 rrp6tl5po µtaa at µ1a rrtpa1Ttpw rrtplol5o l5uo IJl'IVWV. 4. Av tva arr6 TO cSuo Mtp11 c5tv opiat1 tva 61am1rr; µtaa at 6uo µr;vtc; arr6 Tl'I Ari'4'1"1 Tr')<; tri5oTToir,o-11c;;. TO 6.Mo Mtp~ IJlTOpd VQ. EVl)µtpWOtl TOY EKTEAtOTIKO rpaµµarta Tfl<; O.E.E., 0 OTTOio<; ea opiatl TOV TTp6ti5po TOU l51a1Tt1TIKOU l51KaOTt1PIOU µtaa 0-E ~.na ntpantpw rrtpiooo 6uo µrivwv. KaT6mv Tou cSrop1crµou rou o TTp6ti5poc; TOU 61alTf'lTIKOU 61Kaar11piou ea (t1Tr')OEI aTT6 TO Mtpoc; TTOU l5tv 6p1at l5101Tl1Tri va TO KCIVEI µtaa OE 6uo µftvEc;. Av lSEY TO KOTacptpEI µtaa at auTft Tl'IV TTEpiocSo, O TTp6E6poc; ea EVl'IIJEPWCJEI TOV EKTEAEOTIKO rpaµµaTta Tl)<; O.E.E. o OTToloc; ea TTptTTEI va 1<avt1 TO i51op1aµ6 µtao at tva 61aar11µa 6uo µrivwv. 5. To 61a1Tt1TIK6 c51Kaar,;p10 ea EKl5<i>aEI Tl'lV OTT6cpaa'l TOU auµcpwva µt TO A1t8vtc; AiKato 1<01 auµcpwva µt Tit; 61aTa~t1c; Tl'l<;; rrapouam; ruµ~aor,c;;. 6. 0TT01oor')nort i51am1T1K6 i51Kaarf'lp10 auara8Ei auµcpwva µt Tr<; cS1aTa~trc; TTou opi~OVTQI OTO TTap6v ea Ka0opic7EI Touc; i51Kouc; TOU 61a61KOOTIKOU<; Kav6vtc;. 7. 01 arrocpaat1c; Tou l51a1rrir1Kou c511<aarr,piou aE etµara c51a61Kaaiac; Kai ouaiac;, 8a TTaipvovra1 µ£ TTAE104Jl'l(pia TWV µEAwv TOU. 8. To 61Kaarftp10 µrropEi va TTC1p£1 6Aa Ta KaTaMl')Aa µtTpa y1a va OTTOiSti~EI Ta ytyov6ra. 439 9. Ta Mtp11 Tr,<; 61acpwviac; ea nptm:1 va 61tuK0Mvouv TllV tpyaaia Tou 6101TllTIKOU 61Kacrr11piou KOi E1611c6TEpa ea nptTTEI, µt KC9£ µtao TTOU ea txouv arri 6168Ear'J Touc;: (a) Na naptxouv O'TO i5lKOO'Tr'Jp10 6>.a Ta O')(tTIKCI tyypaq,a, m; i51tUKOAt'.IV(J£1<; KOi Tl<; n>.11pocpopfE<;. (13) Na naptxouv Tl"l 6uvar6T11Ta aro 61Kaar~p10 ava>..oya µE TllV rrtpimwa11, va Ka>.Ei µapruptc; Ka, EµTfElpoyvti>µovt,; Kai va >.aµl3avE1 Tll µapTupia Touc;. 10. Ta Mtpl'l KOi 01 61a1r11rtc; 9a nptlTEI va npoaTOTEUOOUV TOV tµn10TEUTIK6 xapa,m'}pa ono,aa6(tnoTE EIJlTIOTEUTIKI'\<; n>.11poq,oplcsc; M(3ouv KOTQ Tl<; EpyaalE,; TOU 510ITl')TIKOU 61Kaar11plou. 11. 'To l:i1a1r11r1K6 61Kaarf)p10 µnopEi IC.OT61Tlv OiTflOll<; an6 tva Mtpoc;, va TTpoTEiVEI npoawp,va µtTpa npocnoaiac;. 12. Av tva an6 Ta Mtp11 Tile; i5,a,wvia,; i5tv TTapoua1acm:i EVWTTIOV TOU 61alTl1TIKOU 61Kaar11plou ,; l>EV KOTacptpEt va napoua,aaEI TO ElTIXElp,;µara r11c; UTTEpaan1af)c; TOU, TO a.Mo Mtpoc; µTTopd va (rJTriO'El an6 TO 6111:aorr'Jp10 va OUVEXiOEI TIS tpyaaitc; TOU IC.Cl va pya>.EI T'lV TEAIKli aTT6cpaaf) TOU. H anouoia EV6c; Mtpouc; r'J ,, tM£1ljJ'1 um:paan,aric; aTT6 aur6 6tv ea anorEAtaE1 EµTT~ro y,a Ttc; tpyaaitc;. np,v aTT6 rriv tKOOOI") r11c; op1ar1K,;c; TOU aTT6cpaa11c;. TO 6IOIT'1TIK6 l:itKOatr'Jp10 TTpETTEI va (3EJ3a1w8Ei 611 11 afT11a11 tiva1 J3aa1µr,, v6µw Kat ouoia. 13. To 61Kaar,;p10 µTTOptl va 61KOOEI KOi VO opiOEI avrana,rf)at,c; 01 OTTOiEc; ea np0Ku11Jouv aµEaa aTT6 TO {r')Trwa Tnc; 61acpwviac;. 14. Av otv opiat1 KCITI i51aq,op£T1K6, TO i5101TrtT1K6 61Kocm'1p10 >..6yw t161Kwv m:p,araatwv r11c; uTT68ca11c;, Ta t{o6a rou 61Kaar11piou, auµmp1Aaµ(3avoµtvwv Ka, ruiv 0µ01f3wv Ttov µtA<iJv rou, ea papuvouv at iaa µepio,a ra ouo Mtpi, ri,c; 610<pwvia<;. To OIOITllTIKO OIKOCJTT\PIO 8a Kparf)cm apxtio 6>.wv TWV t~6i5wv TOU KQI ea OWCl'EI µ,a TEAIKI'\ KQTQCl'TQO'I') QUTWV Cl'TO Utpn. 440 15. Ono100,;nort Mtp~ rr,c; ,rapouoac; ruµj3aor,c; txt1 auµq,tpov voµ1K11c; q,uoric;; Ol0 ~11rriµa rric; 01aq,wvioc; KOi TO 0TT0io µTTopti va mr,ptOOTEi OTTO rriv OTT0q>oari, µnopti YO 1iaptµj3£1 enc; tpyaaitc; KOT0TTIV r11c; auyKaT68£0''1<; T0U ~IK001''1PiOU. 16. To 0I0IT'1T1K6 0IKOcm;p,o 8a TTOp0UOIQCJtl Tl,V on6q,aa11 T0U µtoo qt TTtVTE µf]vtc; OTTO rriv 11µtpoµ11vio OUOT0O(]c; T0U, EKT6c;; av KpiVEI aTTapaiTl')ll'l TT'} XP0VIK'l rrapaTacrri y1a µ1a TTtpiooo ,rou otv ea ~ETTtpva 1ouc; rrtvrt µi;vtc;;. 17. H aTT6q>aar, T0U 0l01Tf1TIK0U 0IK0Olf1PI0U 8a OUV00EUETQI OTTO amo"6yricrri KOi ea tiva, rtAtKf\ KOi otaµwr1Kf\ y1a 6Aa Ta Mtp11 Tile; oraq,wviac;. H an6q,ao11 ea OTIOCTTOAEi OTI0 TO 0IOIT11TIKO 611<a<m\p10 at 6,\.a T~ Mtp11 111c; 01aq>wvfac; Kai O'Tl'l ypaµµaTEia. H ypaµµartia ea QTTOOTtiAEI 11c; n>.r,poq>opitc; TT0U tAal3E OE 6Aa TO Mtp11 111c;; napouoac; ruµl3aor,c;. 18. Ono1ao,;noTE 01aq,wvio TTp0KUIIJEI ovaµEOO Ola Mtp11 oXETIKC µE Tl')V tpµrivtia KOi Tl')V EKTEAEOI) rric;; 0TT6q>00TJ<;, ,.mopd va UTTOj3i\11Sd an6 0TTOI06(JTT0TE µtpoc; OTO 0IOITl)TIK0 011~acm'\p10 TT0U tf3yaAE TflV <m6q,ao11 I\, av QUT6 OEV µnopti VO auyKAri8ti, a£ KCITT0I0 O.Mo 0IKOOT!lPI0 TT0U ea OUOla8Ei y1a OUTO TO OK0TT6 µ£ TOY io10 Tp6no OTTW<; TO TTPWTO.