Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone (Ratification) Law, 2007 (Law No. 14(ΙΙΙ)/2007)

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(2) Le nep[mwori ola<popac; µerasO TOU 1<eq1tvou TOU Mtpouc; I l<Ol el<elvou mu Mepouc; II Tou nlvaKa, unep1oxue1 To 1<elµevo nou eI<tl0erm oTo Mepoc; I OUTOU. 4. Apµ6ota APXll y1a Tf1V e<papµoyl'j orriv em1<pctTeta Tile; L'i17µ0I<parlac; TWV OlQTasewv TOU npwtoK6AAOU, elvm O Ynoupy6c; Epyao[ac; l(al KolVWVll<WV Ao<pal\loewv 11 onotoool']noTe AetToupy6c; Tou Ynoupyelou mu, oe6vTwc; esou mooornµtvoc; npoc; TOUTo an6 Tov Ynoupy6. luvom11<6, TITAO,. Ep(H]VEla. Enlonµn Eq,1iµcpli5a 1n, EE: L 179, 17.7.2003. 184 TOU 1991. l(Opwm1 TOU npwTOl(6AAOU, lllvrnm,, Ml:po, I, Ml:po, II. ' Apµ61i1a Apx~. 228 IlivaKas; (A.p0po 3) Mfoos;I PROTOCOL TO THE 1979 CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TR.ANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION TO ABATE ACIDIFICATION, EUTROPIDCATION AND GROUND-LEVEL OZONE The Parties, Dete1mined to implement the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution; Aware that nitrogen oxides, sulphur, volatile organic compounds and reduced nitrogen compounds have been associated with adverse effects on human health and the environment, Concerned that critical loads of acidification, critical loads of nutrient nitrogen and critical levels of ozone for human health and vegetation are.still exceeded in many areas of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's region, Concerned also that emitted nitrogen oxides, sulphur and volatile organic compounds, as well as secondary pollutants such as ozone and the reaction products of ammonia, are transported in the atmosphere over long distances and may have adverse transboundary effects, Recognizing that emissions from Parties within the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's region contribute to air pollution on the hemispheric and global scales, and recognizing the potential for transport between continents and the need for further study with regard to that potential, Recognizing also that Canada and the United States of America are bilaterally negotiating reductions of emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds to address the transboundary ozone effect, Recognizing furthermore that Canada will undertake further reductions of emissions of sulphur by 2010 through the implementation of the Canada-wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000, and that the United States is committed to the implementation of a nitrogen oxides reduction programme in the eastern United States and to the reduction in emissions necessary to meet its national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter, Resolved to apply a multi-effect, multi-pollutant approach to preventing or minimizing the exceedances of critical loads and levels, Taking into account the emissions from certain existing activities and installations responsible for present air pollution levels and the development of future activities and installations, Aware that techniques and management practices are available to reduce emissions of these substances, Resolved to take measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize emissions of these substances, taking into account the application of the precautionary approach as set forth in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, · Reaffirming that States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their 229 own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, Conscious of the need for a cost-effective regional approach to combating air pollution that takes account of the variations in effects and abatement costs between countries, Noting the important contribution of the private and non-governmental sectors to knowledge of the effects associated with these substances and available abatement techniques, and their role i n assisting in the reduction of emissions to the atmo sphere, Bearing in mind that measures taken to reduce emissions of sulphur, nitrogewoxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international competition and trade, Taking into consideration best available scientific and technical lmowledge and data on emissions, atrn:ospheric processes and effects on human health and the environment of these substances, as well as on abatement costs, and aclmowledging the need to improve this lmowledge and to continue scientific and technical cooperation to further understanding of these issues, Noting that under the Protocol concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes, adopted at Sofia on 31 October 1988, and the Protocol concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes, adopted at Geneva on 18 November 1991, there is already provision to control emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, and that the technical annexes to both those Protocols already contain technical guidance for reducing these emissions, Noting also that under the Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, adopted at Oslo on 14 June 1994, there is already provision to reduce sulphur emissions· in order to contribute to the abatement of acid deposition by diminishing the exceedances of critical sulphur depositions, which have been derived from critical loads of acidity according to the contribution of oxidized sulphur compounds to the total acid deposition in 1990, · Noting furthermore that this Protocol is the first agreement under the Convention to deal specifically with reduced nitrogen compounds, Bearing in mind that reducing the emissions of these substances may provide additional benefits for the control of other pollutants, including in particular transboundary secondary particulate aerosols, which contribute to human health effects associated with exposure to airborne particulates, Bearing in "mind also the need to avoid, in so far as possible, taking measures for the achievement of the objectives of this Protocol that aggravate other health and environment related problems, Noting that measures taken to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia should involve consideration of the full biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and, so far as possible, not increase emissions of reactive nitrogen including nitrous oxide which could aggravate other nitrogen-related problems, 230 A ware that methane and carbon monoxide emitted by human activities contribute, in the presence of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, to the formation of tropospheric ozone,and Aware also of the commitments that Patiies have assumed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Have agreed as follows: Article 1: DEFINITIONS For the purposes of the present Protocol, "Convention" means the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, adopted at Geneva on 13 November 1979; "EMEP" means the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe; "Executive Body" means the Executive Body for the Convention constituted under atiicle I 0, paragraph 1, of the Convention; "Commission" means the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; "Parties" means, unless the context otherwise requires, the Parties to the present Protocol; "Geographical scope of EMEP" means the area defined in article 1, paragraph 4, of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in °Europe (EMEP), adopted at Geneva on 28 September 1984; 1'Emission" means the release of a substance from a point or diffuse source into the atmosphere; "Nitrogen oxides" means nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (N02); ".Reduced nitrogen compounds" means ammonia and its reaction products; "Sulphur" means all sulphur compounds, expressed as sulphur dioxide (S02); "Volatile organic compounds", or "VOCs", means, unless otherwise specified, all organic compounds of an anthropogenic nature, other than methane, that are capable of producing photochemical oxidants by reaction with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight; "Critical load" means a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur, according to present knowledge; "Critical levels" means concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere above which direct adverse effects on receptors, such as human beings, plants, ecosystems or materials, may occur, according to present knowledge; 231 "Pollutant emissions management area", or "PEMA", means an area designated in annex III under the conditions laid down in article 3, paragraph 9; "Stationary source" means any fixed building, structure, facility, installation or equipment that emits or may emit sulphur, nitrogen oxides, volatile, organic compounds or ammonia directly or indirectly into the atmosphere; "New stationary source" means any stationary source of which the construction or, substantial modification is commenced after the expiry of one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. It shall be a matter for the competent national authorities t9 decide whether a modification is substantial or not, taking into account such factors as·the environinental benefits of the modification. Article 2: OBJECTIVE The objective of the present Protocol is to control and reduce emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds that are caused by anthropogenic activities and are likely to cause adverse effects on human health, natural ecosystems, materials and crops, due to acidification, eutrophication or ground-level ozone as a result of Jong-range transboundary atmospheric transport, and to ensure, as far as possible, that in the long term and in a stepwise approach, taking into account advances in scientific knowledge, atmospheric depositions or concentrations do not exceed: (a) For Parties within the geographical scope ofEMEP and Canada, the critical loads of acidity, as described in annex I; , (b) For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP, the critical loads of nutrient nitrogen, as described in annex I; and (c) For ozone: Article 3: (i) For Pa1iies within the geographical scope of EMEP, the critical levels of ozone, as given in annex I; (ii) For Canada, the Canada-wide Standard for ozone; and (iii) For the United States of America, the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. BASIC OBLIGATIONS I. • Each Party having an emission ceiling in any table in annex II shall reduce and maintain the reduction in its annual emissions in accordance with that ceiling and the timescales specified in that annex. Each Pa1iy shall, as a minimum, control its annual emissions of polluting compounds in accordance with the obligations in annex II. 2. Each Patiy shall apply the limit values specified in annexes IV, V and VI to each new stationary source within a stationary source category as identified in those annexes, no later than the timescales specified in annex VII. As an alternative, a Party may apply different emission reduction strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission levels for all source categories together. 232 3. Each Party shall, in so far as it is technically and economically feasible and taking into consideration the costs and advantages, apply the limit values specified in annexes IV, V and VI to each existing stationary source within a stationary source category as identified in those annexes, no later than the timescales specified in annex VIL As an alternative, a Party may apply different emission reduction strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission levels for all source categories together or, for Parties outside the geographical scope of EMEP, that are necessary to achieve national or regional goals for acidification abatement and to meet national air quality standards. 4. Limit values for new and existing boilers and process heaters with a rated thermal input exceeding 50 MWth and new heavy-duty vehicles shall be evaluated by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body with a view to amending annexes IV, V and VIII no later than two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. 5. Each Party shall apply the limit values for the fuels and new mobile sources identified in annex VIII, no later than the timescales specified in annex VIL 6. Each Party should apply best available techniques to mobile sources and to each new or existing stationary source, taking into account guidance documents I to V adopted by the Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto. 7. Each Party shall take appropriate measures based, inter alia, on scientific and economic criteria to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds. associated with the use of products not included in annex VI or VIII. The Parties shall, no later than at the second session of the Executive Body ·after the entry into force of the present Protocol, consider with a view to adopting an annex on products, including criteria for the selection of such products, limit values for the volatile organic compound content of products not included in annex VI or VIII, as well as timescales for the application of the limit values. 8. Each Party sh~ll, subject to paragraph 10: (a) Apply, as a minimum, the ammonia control measures specified in annex IX; and (b) Apply, where it considers it appropriate, best available· techniques for preventing and reducing ammonia emissions, as listed in guidance document V adopted by the Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto. 9. Paragraph 10 shall apply to any Party: (a) Whose total land area is greater than 2 million square kilometres; (b) Whose annual emission~ of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and/or volatile organic compounds contributing to acidification, eutrophication or ozone formation in areas under the jurisdiction of one or more other Parties originate predominantly from within an area under its jurisdiction that is listed as a PEMA in annex III, and which has presented documentation in accordance with subparagraph (c) to this effect; (c) Which has submitted upon signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol a description of the geographical scope of one or more PEMAs for one or more pollutants, with supporting documentation, for inclusion in annex III; and (d) Which has specified upon signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol its intention to act in accordance with this paragraph. 233 10. A Party to which this paragraph applies shall: (a) If within the geographical scope of EMEP, be required to comply with the provisions of this article and annex II only within the relevant PEMA for each pollutant for which a PEMA within its jurisdiction is included in annex III; or (b) If not within the geog1'aphical scope of EMEP, be required to comply with the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 and annex II, only within the relevant PEMA for each pollutant (nitrogen oxides, sulphur and/or volatile organic compounds) for which a PEMA within its jurisdiction is included in annex III, and shall not be required to comply with paragraph 8 anywhere within its jurisdiction. 11. Cana,da and the United States of America shall, upon their ratification, acceptance or approvar of, or accession to, ·the present Protocol, submit to the Executive Body their respective emission reduction commitments with respect to sulphur, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds for automatic incorporation into annex II. 12. The Parties shall, subject to the outcome of the first review provided for under article 10, paragraph 2, and no later than one year after completion of that review, commence negotiations on further obligations to reduce emissions. Article 4: EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Each Party shall, in a manner consistent with its laws, regulations and practices and in accordance with. its obligations in the present Protocol, create favourable conditions to facilitate the exchange of information, technologies and techniques, with the aim of reducing emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds by promoting inter alia: (a) The development and updating of databases on best available techniques, including those that increase energy efficiency, low-emission burners and good environmental practice in agriculture; (b) The exchange of information and experience in the development of less polluting transp01t systems; ( c) Direct industrial contacts and cooperation, including joint ventures; and (d) The provision of technical assistance. 2. In promoting the activities specified in paragraph 1, each Party shall create favourable conditions for the facilitation of contacts and cooperation among appropriate organizations and individuals in the private and public sectors that are capable of providing technology, design and engineering services, equipment or finance. Article 5: PUBLIC AWARENESS 1. Each Party shall, in a manner consistent with its laws, regulations and practices, promote the provision of information to the general public, including information on: 234 (a) National annual em1ss10ns of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds and progress towards compliance with the national emission ceilings or other obligations referred to in article 3; (b) Depositions and concentrations of the relevant pollutants and, where applicable, these depositions and concentrations in relation to critical loads and levels referred to in article 2; (c) Levels offrOp6spheric ozone; and (d) Strategies and measures applied or to be applied to reduce air pollution problems dealt with in the present Protocol and set out in a1ticle 6. 2. Furthermore, each Party may make information widely available to the public with a view to minimizing emissions, including information on: (a) Less polluting fuels, renewable energy and energy efficiency, including their use in transport; (b) Volatile organic compounds in products, including labelling; (c) Management options for wastes containing volatile organic compounds that are generated by the public; (d) Good agricultural practices to reduce emissions of ammonia; (e) Health and environmental effects associated with the pollutants covered by the present Protocol; and (f) Steps which individuals and industries may take to help reduce emissions of the pollutants covered by the present Protocol. Article 6: STRATEGIES, POLICIES, PROGRAMMES, MEASURES AND INFORMATION I. Each Party shall, as necessary and on the basis of sound scientific and economic criteria, in order to facilitate the implementation of its obligations under article 3: (a) Adopt supporting strategies, policies and programmes without undue delay after the present Protocol enters into force for it; (b) Apply measures to control and reduce its emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds; (c) Apply measures to encourage the increase of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy; (d) Apply measures to decrease the use of polluting fuels; (e) Develop and introduce less polluting transport systems and promote .traffic management systems to reduce overall emissions from road traffic; 235 (f) Apply measures to encourage the development and introduction of low-polluting processes and products, taking into account guidance documents I to V adopted by the Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto; (g) Encourage the implementation of management programmes to reduce emissions, including voluntary programmes, and the use of economic instruments, taking into account guidance document VI adopted by the Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto; (h) Implement and further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as the progressive reduction or phasing-out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all sectors that emit sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds which run counter to the objective of the Protocol, and apply market instruments; and (i) Apply measures, where cost-effective, to reduce emissions from waste products containing volatile organic compounds. 2. Each Party shall collect and maintain information on: (a) Actual levels of emissions of sulphur, nitrogen compounds and volatile organic compounds, and of ambient concentrations and depositions of these compounds and ozone, taking into account, for those Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP, the work plan of EMEP;and (b) The effects of ambient concentrations and of the deposition of sulphur, nitrogen compounds, volatile organic compounds and ozone on human health, te1Testrial and aquatic ecosystems and materials. 3. Any Party may take more stringent measures than those required by the present Protocol. Article 7: REPORTING 1. Subject to its laws and regulations and in accordance with its obligations under the present Protocol: (a) Each Patty shall repmt, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission, to the Executive Body, on a periodic basis as determined by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body, information on the measures that it has taken to implement the present Protocol. Moreover: (i) Where a Patty applies different em1ss10n reduction strategies under article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3, it shall document the strategies applied and its compliance with the requirements of those paragraphs; (ii) Where a Party judges certain limit values, as specified in accordance with aiticle 3, paragraph 3, not · to be technically and economically feasible, taking into consideration the costs and advantages, it shall repott and justify this; (b) Each Party within the geographical scope of EMEP shall report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission, to EMEP, on a periodic basis to be dete1mined by the Steering Body of EMEP and approved by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body, the following information: 236 (i) Levels of emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds using, as a minimum, the methodologies and the temporal and spatial resolution specified by the Steering Body ofEMEP; (ii) Levels of emissions of each substance in the reference year ( 1990) using the same methodologies and temporal and spatial resolution; (iii) Data on projected emissions and current reduction plans; and (iv) Where it deems it appropriate, any exceptional circumstances justifying emissions that are temporarily higher than -the ceilings established for it for one or more pollutants; and (c) Pa1iies in areas outside the geographical scope of EMEP shall make available infom1ation similar to that specified in subparagraph (b ), if requested to do so by the Executive Body. 2. The infonnation to be reported in accordance with paragraph 1 (a) shall be in confcnmity with a• decision regarding f01mat and content to be adopted by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body. The terms of this decision shall be reviewed as necessary to identify any additional elements regarding the format or the content of the information that is to be included in the reports. 3. In good ,time. before each annual session of the Executive Body, EMEP shall provide information on: (a) Ambient concentrations and depositions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds as well as, where available, ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds and ozone; and (b) Calculations of sulphur and oxidized and reduced nitrogen budgets and relevant information on the long-range transport of ozone and its precursors. Parties in areas outside the geographical scope of EMEP shall make available similar information if requested to do so by the Executive Body. 4. The Executive Body shall, in accordance. with a1iicle 10, paragraph 2 (b), of the . 1,Convention, .arrange for the preparation of infmmation on the effects of depositions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds and concentrations of ozone. 5. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, arrange for the preparation, at regular intervals, of revised information on calculated and internationally optimized allocations of emission reductions for the States within the geographical scope of EMEP, using integrated assessment models, including atmospheric transport models, with a view to reducing further, for the purposes of atiicle 3, paragraph 1, the difference between actual depositions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds and critical load values as well as the difference between actual ozone concentrations and the critical levels of ozone specified in annex I, or such alternative assessment methods as approved by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body. Article 8: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING The Parties shall encourage research, development, monitoring and cooperation related to: (a) The international harmonization of methods for the calculation and assessment of the adverse effects associated with the substances addressed by the present Protocol for use in 237 establishing critical loads and critical levels and, as appropriate, the elaboration of procedures for such harmonization; (b) The improvement of emission databases, in particular those on ammonia and volatile organic compounds; (c) The improvement of monitoring techniques and systems and of the modelling of transp01t, concentrations and depositions of sulphur, nitrogen compounds and volatile organic compounds, as well as of the formation of ozone and secondary particulate matter; (d) The improvement of the scientific understanding of the long-term fate of emissions and their impact on the hemispheric background concentrations of sulphur, nitrogen, volatile -organic compounds, ozone and particulate matter, focusing, in .pa1ticular, on the chemistry of the free troposphere and the potential for intercontinental flow of pollutants; (e) The further elaboration of an overall strategy to reduce the adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and photochemical pollution, including synergisms and combined effects; (f) Strategies for the further reduction of emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds based on critical loads and critical levels as well as on technical developfl?ents, and the improvement of integrated assessment modelling to calculate internationally optimized allocations of emission reductions taking into account the need to avoid excessive costs for any Party. Special emphasis should be given to emissions from agriculture and transpmt; (g) The identification of trends over time and· the scientific understanding of the wider effects of sulphur, nitrogen and volatile organic compounds and photochemical pollution on human health, including their contribution to concentrations of particulate matter, the environment, in particular acidification and eutrophication, and materials, especially historic and cultural monuments, taking into account the relationship petween sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, volatile organic compounds and tropospheric ozone; (h) Emission abatement technologies, and technologies and techniques to improve energy efficiency, energy conservation and the use ofrenewable energy; (i) The efficacy of ammonia control techniques for farms and their impact on local and regional deposition; G) The management of transport demand and the development and promotion of less polluting modes of transpo1t; (k) The quantification and, where possible, economic evaluation of benefits fot" the environment and human health resulting from the reduction of emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds; and · (I) The development of tools for making the methods and results of this work widely applicable and available. 238 Article 9: COMPLIANCE Compliance by each Party with its obligations under the present Protocol shall be reviewed regularly. The Implementation Committee established by decision 1997/2 of the Executive Body at its ,fifteenth session shall carry out such reviews and report to the Parties at a session of the Executive Body in accordance with the terms of the annex to that decision, including any amendments thereto. Article 10: REVIEWS BY THE PARTIES AT SESSIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE BODY 1. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, pursuant to a1ticle 10, paragraph 2 (a), of the Convention, review the information supplied by the Parties, EMEP and subsidiary bodies of the Executive Body, the data on the effects of concentrations and depositions of sulphur-and nitrogen compounds and of photochemical pollution as well as the reports of the Implementation Committee referred to in article 9 above. 2. (a) The Paities shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, keep under review the obligations set out in the present Protocol, including: (i) Their obligations in relation to their calculated and internationally optimized allocations of emission reductions referred to in article 7, paragraph 5, above; and (ii) The adequacy of the obligations and the progress made towards the achievement of the objective of the present Protocol; (b )" Reviews shall take into account the best available scientifi~ information on the effects of acidification, eutrophication and photochemical pollution, including assessments of all relevant health effects, critical levels and loads, the development and refinement of integrated assessment models, technological developments, changing economic conditions, progress made on the databases on emissions and abatement techniques, especially related to ammonia and volatile organic compounds, and the fulfillment of the obligations on emission levels; (c) The procedures, methods and timing for such reviews shall be specified by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body. The first such review shall commence no later than one year after the presei1t Protocol enters into force. Article 11: SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES l. In the event of a dispute between any two or more Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present Protocol, the parties concerned shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means of their own choice. The parties to the dispute shall inform the Executive Body of their dispute. 2. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the present Protocol, or at any time thereafter, a Party which is not a regional economic integration organization may declare in a written instrument submitted to the Depositary that, in respect of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol, it recognizes one or both of the following means of dispute settlement as compulsqry ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any Party accepting the same obligation: (a) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice; (b) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body, as soon as practicable, in an annex on arbitration. 239 A Party which is a regional economic integration organization may make a declaration with like effect in relation to arbitration in accordance with the procedures referred to in subparagraph (b). 3. A declaration m11cde under paragraph 2 shall remain in force until· it expires in accordance with its terms. or until three months after written notice of its. revocation has been deposited with the Depositary. 4. A new declaration, a notice of revocation or the expiry of a declaration shall not in any way affect proceedings pending before the International Court of Justice or the arbitral tribunal, unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise. · 5. Except in a case where the parties to a dispute have accepted the same means of dispute settlement under paragraph 2, if afteF twelve months following notification by one party • to another that a dispute exists between them, the parties concerned have not been able to settle their dispute through the means. mentioned in paragraph 1, the dispute shall be submitted, at the request of any of the parties to the dispute, to conciliation. 6. For the purpose of paragraph 5, a conciliation comm1ss1on shall be created. The commission shall be composed of an equal number of members appointed by each party concerned or, where. parties in conciliation share the same interest, by the group sharing that interest, and a chairperson chosen jointly by-the members so·appointed. The commission shall render a rt1commendatory award, which the parties to·the dispute shall consider in good faith. Article 12: ANNEXES The annexes to the.present Protocol shall form an integral part of the Protocol. Article 13: AMENDMENTS AND ADJU!'lTMENTS 1. Any Party may propose amendments to the. present Protocol. Any Party to the Convention may propose an adjustment to annex II to the present Protocol to add to it its name, . together with emission levels, emission ceilings and percentage emission reductions. 2. Proposed amendments and adjustments shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary of the Commission, who shall communicate them to all Parties. The Parties shall discuss the proposed amendments and adjustments at the next session of the Executive Body, provided that those proposals .have been circulated by the Executive Secretary to the Parties at least ninety days in advance. · 3. Amendments to the present Protocol, including amendments to annexes II to IX, shall be adopted by consensus of the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body, and shall enter into force for the Parties which have accepted them on the ninetieth day after the date on which two thirds of the Parties have deposited with the Depositary their instruments of acceptance thereof. Amendments shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party has deposited its instrument of acceptance thereof. 4. Amendments to the annexes to the present Protocol, other than to the annexes referred to in paragraph-3, shall be adopted by consensus .of the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body. On the expiry of ninety days from the date of its communication to all Parties by the Executive Secretary of the Commission, an amendment to any such annex shall become effective 240 for those Parties which have not submitted to the Depositary a notification in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5, provided that at least sixteen Parties have not submitted such a notification. 5. Any Party that is unable to approve an amendment to an annex, other than to an annex referred to in paragraph 3, shall so notify the Depositary in writing within ninety days from the date of the communication of its adoption. The Depositary shall without delay notify all Parties of any such notification received. A Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for its previous notification and, upon deposit of an instrnment of acceptance with the Deposita1y, the amendment to such an annex shall become effective for that Party. · 6. Adjustments to annex II shall be adopted by consensus of the Patties present at a session of the Executive Body and shall become effective for all Parties to the present Protocol on the ninetieth day following the date on which the Executive Secretaty of the Commission notifies those Patties 111 writing of the adoption of the adjustment. Article 14: SIGNATIJRE 1. The present Protocol shall be open for signature at Gothenburg (Sweden) on 30 November and 1 December 1999, then at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 30 May 2000, by States members of the Commission as well as States having consultative status with the Commission, pursuant to paragraph 8 of Economic and Social Council resolution 36 (IV) of28 March 1947, and by regional economic integrati~n organizations, constituted by sovereign States members of the Commission, which have competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by the Protocol, provided that the States and organizations concerned are Parties to the Convention and are listed in annex IL 2. In matters within their competence, such regional economic integration organizations shall, on their own behalf, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which the present Protocol attributes to their member States. In such cases, the member States of these organizations shall not be entitled to exercise such rights individually. Article 15: RATill'ICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL AND ACCESSION 1. The present Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by Signatories. 2. The present Protocol shall be open for accession as from 31 May 2000 by the States and organizations that meet the requirements of article 14, paragraph 1. 3. The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. Article 16: DEPOSITARY The Secretaty-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary. 241 Article 17: ENTRY INTO FORCE 1. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date on which the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession has been · deposited with the Depositary. 2. For each State and organization that meets the requirements of article 14, paragraph 1, which ratifies, accepts or approves the present Protocol or accedes thereto after the deposit of the sixteenth instmment of ratification, acceptance; approval or accession, the Protocol shall enter- · into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit by such Party of its instmment 6l:' ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. ., Article 18: WITHDRAWAL At any time after five years from the date on which the present Protocol has come into force with respect to a Party, that Party may withdraw from it by giving written notification to the Depositary. Any such withdrawal shall take effect on the ninetieth day following the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal. Article 19: AUTHENTIC TEXTS The original of the present Protocol, of which the;,English, French and Russian texts 'are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 1N WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed the present Protocol. DONE at Gothenburg (Sweden), this thirtieth day of November one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine. 242 Annex I CRITICAL LOADS AND LEVELS I. CRITICAL LOADS OF ACIDITY A. For Parties within the geographical scope ofEMEP 1. Critical loads (as defined in article 1) of acidity for ecosystems are determined in accordance with the Convention's· Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and geographical areas where they are exceeded. They are the maximum amount of acidifying deposition an ecosystem can tolerate in the long term without being damaged. Critical loads of acidity in terms of nitrogen take account of within-ecosystem nitrogen removal processes (e.g. uptake by plants). Critical loads of acidity in terms of sulphur do not. A combined sulphur and nitrogen critical load of acidity considers nitrogen only when the nitrogen deposition is greater than the ecosystem nitrogen removal processes. All critical loads reported by Parties are summarized for use in the integrated assessment modelling employed to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex II. B. For.Parties in North America 2. For eastern Canada,· critical sulphur plus nitrogen loads for forested ecosystems have been determined with scientific methodologies and criteria (1997 Canadian Acid Rain Assessment) similar to those in the Convention's Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and gecfgraphical areas where they are exceeded. Eastern Canada critical load values (as defined in article 1) of acidity are for sulphate in precipitation expressed in .kg/ha/year. Alberta in western Canada, where deposition levels are currently below the environmental limits, has adopted the generic critical load classification systems used for soils in Europe for potential acidity. Potential acidity is defined by subtracting the total (both wet and dry) deposition of base cations from that of sulphur and nitrogen. In addition to critical loads for potential acidity, Alberta has established target and monitoring loads for managing acidifying emissions. 3. For the United States of America, the effects of acidification are evaluated through an assessment of the sensitivity of ecosystems, the total loading within ecosystems .of acidifying . compounds, and the uncertainty associated with nitrogen removal processes within ecosystems. 4. These loads and effects are used in integrated assessment modelling and provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings and/or reductions for Canada and the United States of America in annex II. II. CRITICAL LOADS OF NUTRIENT NITROGEN For Parties within the geographical scope ofEMEP 5. Critical loads (as defined in article I) of nutrient nitrogen (eutrophication) for ecosystems are determined in accordance with the Convention's Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and geographical areas where they are exceeded. They are the maximum amount of eutrophying nitrogen deposition an ecosystem can tolerate in the long tenn without being damaged. All critical loads reported by Parties are summarized for use in the integrated assessment modelling employed to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex II. 243 ill. CRITICAL LEVELS OF OZONE A. For Parties within the geographical scope ofEMEP 6. Critical levels (as defined in article 1) of ozone are determined to protect plants in accordance with the Convention's Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and geographical areas where they are exceeded. They are expressed as a cumulative exposure over a threshold ozone concentration of 40 ppb (parts per billion by volume). This exposure index: is refened to as AOT40 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb). The AOT40 is calculated as the sum of the differences between the hourly concentration (in ppb) and 40 ppb for each hour when the concentration exceeds 40 ppb. 7. The long-te1m critical level of ozone for crops of an· AOT40 of 3000 ppb.hours for May July (used as a typical growing season) and for daylight hours was used to define areas at risk where the critical level is exceeded. A specific reduction of exceedances was targeted in the integrated assessment modelling undertaken for the present Protocol to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex: II. The . long-term critical level of ozone for crops is considered also to protect other plants such as trees and natural vegetation. Further scientific work is under way to develop a more differentiated interpretation of exceedances of critical levels of ozone for vegetation. 8. A critical level of ozone for human health is represented by the WHO Air Quality Guideline level for ozone of 120 µg/m3 as an 8-hour average. In collaboration with the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe (WHO/EURO), a critical level expressed as an AOT60 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 60 ppb), i.e. 120 µg/m3, calculated over one year, was adopted as a sunogate for the WHO Air Quality Guideline for the purpose. of integrated assessment modelling. This was used to define areas at risk where the critical level is exceeded. A specific reduction of these exceedances ·was targeted in the integrated assessment modelling undertaken for the present Protocol to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex II. B. For Parties in North America 9. For Canada, critical levels of ozone are determined to protect human health and the environment and are used to establish a Canada-wide Standard for ozone. The emission ceilings in annex .II are defined according to the ambition level required to achieve the Canada-wide Standard for ozone. 10. For the United States of America, critical levels of ozone ·are detennined to protect public health with an adequate margin of safety, to protect public welfare from any known or expected adverse effects, and are used to establish a national ambient air quality standard. Integrated assessment modelling and the air quality standard are used in providing guidance for setting the emission ceilings and/or reductions for the United States of America in annex II. 244 Annexll EMISSION CEiliINGS The emission ceilings listed in the tables below relate to the provisions of article 3, paragraphs 1 and 10, of the present Protocol. The 1980 and 1990 emission levels and the percentage emission reductions listed are given for information purposes only. TABLE1 Emission ceilines for sulnhur (thousands of tonnes of S02 ner vear) Emission levels Emission ceilings for Percentage emission reductions for 2010 Party 1980 1990 2010 (base year 1990) Armenia 141 73 73 0% Austria 400 91 39 -57% Belarus 740 637 480 -25% Beh.i:ium 828 372 106 -72% Bullmria 2050 2008 856 -57% Canada national a1 4643 3236 PEMA(SOMA) 3135 1873 Croatia 150 180 70 -61% Cvnrus di 28 46 39 -15% Czech Renublic 2257 1876 283 -85% Denmark 450 182 55 -70% Finland 584 260 116 -55% France 3208 1269 400 -68% Germanv 7514 5313 550 -90% Greece 400 509 546 7% Hunrmrv 1633 1010 550 -46% Ireland 222 178 42 -76% Italv 3757 1651 500 -70% Latvia .. - 119 107 -10% Liechtenstein 0.39 0.15 0.11 -27% Lithuania 311 222 145 -35%. Luxembourrr 24 15 4 -73% Netherlands 490 202 50 -75% Norwav 137 53 22 -58% Poland 4100 3210 1397 -56% Porturlal 266 362 170 -53% Renublic of Moldova 308 265 135 -49% Romania 1055 1311 918 -30% Russian Federation "' 7161 4460 PEMA 1062 I 133 635 -44% Slovakia 780 543 110 -80% Slovenia 235 194 27 -86% Soain °1 2959 2182 774 -65% Sweden 491 119 67 -44% Switzerland 116 43 26 -40% Ukraine 3849 2782 . 1457 -48% United Kinrldom 4863 3731 625 -83% United States of America 01 Euronean Communitv 26456 16436 4059 -75% a/ Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, Canada shall submit an emission ceiling for sulphur, either at a national level or for its PEMA, and will endeavour to provide a ceiling for 2010. The PEMA for sulphur will be the sulphur oxides management area (SOMA) that was designated • pursuant to annex III to the Protocol on Fmiher Reduction of Sulphur Emissions adopted at Oslo on 14 June 1994 as 245 the South-east Canada SOMA. This is an area of 1 million km2 which includes all the territory of the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, all the tetTitory of the province of Quebec south of a straight line between Havre-St. Pierre on the north coast .of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the point where the Quebec-Ontario boundary intersects the James Bay coastline, and all the tetTitory of the province of Ontario south of a straight line between the point where the Ontario-Quebec boundary intersects the James Bay coastline and Nipigon River near the north shore of Lake Superior. · · bl Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area. c/ Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide for inclusion in this annex: (a) specific emission reduction measures applicable to mobile and stationary sources •Of sulphur to be applied either nationally or within a PEMA if it has submitted a PEMA for sulphur for inclusion in annex III; (b) a value for total estimated sulphur emission levels for 1990, either national or for the PEMA; (c) an indicative value for total sulphur emission Ievels for 2010, either national or for the PEMA; and (d) associated estimates of the percentage reduction in sulphur emissions. Item (b) will be included in the table and items (a), (c) and (d) will be included in a f,11otnote to the table. d/ Figures for Cyprus adopted at the twenty-third session of the Executive Body. 246 TABLE2 Emission ceilings for nitrogen oxides (thousands of tonnes of NO2 per year) Emission levels Emission ceilings Percentage emission Party reductions for 2010 1990 for 2010 (base year 1990) Armenia 46 46 0% Austria 194 107 -45% Belarus 285 255 -11% Beillium 339 181 -47% Bulllaria 361 266 -26% Canada •11 2104 · Croatia 87 87 0% Cvnrus 011 18 23 28% Czech Remiblic 742 286 -61% Denmark 282 127 -55% Finland 300 170 -43% France 1882 860 -54% Getmanv 2693 1081 -60% Greece 343 344 0% Hilnllarv 238 198 -17% Ireland 115 65 -43% Italv 1938 1000 -48% Latvia 93 84 -10% Liechtenstein 0.63 0.37 -41 % Lithuania 158 110 -30% Luxembourn 23 II -52% Netherlands 580 266 c54% Norwav 218 156 -28% Poland 1280 879 -31% Portugal 348 260 -25% Renublic of Moldova 100 90 -10% Romania 546 437 -20% Russian Federation "1' 3600 PEMA 360 265 -26% Slovakia 225 130 -42% Slovenia 62 45 -27% Soain "" 1113 847 -24% Sweden 338 148 -56% Switzerland 166 79 -52% Ukraine 1888 1222 -35% UnitedKinlldom 2673 1181 -56% United States of America ell Eurooean Communitv 13161 6671 -49% al/ Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, Canada shall submit 1990 emission levels and 2010 emission ceilings for nitrogen oxides, either at a national level or for its PEMA for nitrogen oxides, if it has submitted one. b I/ Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area. cl/ Upon ratification, acceptance· or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide for inclusion in this annex: (a) specific emission reduction measures applicable to mobile and stationary sources of nitrogen oxides to be applied either nationally or within a PEMA if it has submitted a PEMA for nitrogen oxides for inclusion in annex III; (b) a value for totai estimated nitrogen oxide emission levels for 1990, either national or for the PEMA; (c) an indicative value for total nitrogen oxide emission levels for 2010, either national or for the PEMA; and (d) associated estimates of the percentage reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions. Item (b} will be included in·the table and items (a), (c) and (d) will be included in a footnote to the table. d 1/ Figures for Cyprus adopted at the twenty-third session of the Executive Body. Party Annenia Austria Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus b21 Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Gennany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation· 1121 PEMA Slovakia Slovenia Spain •21 Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom European Community 247 TABLE3 Emission ceilings for ammonia (thousands of tonnes ofNH3 per year) Emission levels Emission ceilings 1990 for 2010 25 25 81 66 219 158 107 74 144 108 37 30 7 9 156 101 122 69 35 31 814 780 764 550 80 73 124 90 126 116 466 419 44 44 0.15 0.15 84 84 7 7 226 128 23 23 508 468 98 108 49 42 300 210 1191 61 49 62 39 24 20 351 353 61 57 72 63 729 592 333 297 3671 3129 all Figures apply to the European part wiihin the EMEP area, Percentage emission rednctions for 2010 (base vear 1990) 0% 19% 28% 31% 25% 19% 29% 35% 43% 11% 4% 28% 9% 27% 8% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 43% 0% 8% 10% 14% 30% 20% 37% 17% 1% 7% 13% 19% 11% 15% b2/ Figures for Cyprus adopted at the twenty-third session of the Executive Body, Party Armenia Austria Belarus Belti:ium Bule:aria' Canada 1131 Croatia Cvorus '"' Czech Renublic Denmark Finland France Gernianv Greece Hungarv Ireland Italv Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourn Netherlands Norwav Poland Portmml Reoublic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation °31 PEMA Slovakia Slovenia Soain "'1 Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom 248 TABLE4 Emission ceilings for volatile organic compounds (thou.sands of tonnes ofVOC per year) Emission· levels Emission ceilings 1990 for 2010 81 81 351 159 533 309 324 144 217 185 2880 105 90 18 14 435 220 178 85 209 130 2957 1100 3195 995 373 261 205 137 197 55 2213 1159 152 136 1.56 0.86 103 92 20 9 502 191 310 195 ·831 800 640 202 157 100 616 523 3566 203 165 149 ·140 42 40 1094 669 526 241 292 144 1369 797 2555 1200 United States of America ' 31 Euronean Community 15353 6600 Percentage emission reductions for 2010 (base vear 1990) 0% 55% 42% ~56% 15% 14% 22% 49% 52% 38% 63% 69% 30% 33% 72% 48% 11% 45% 11% 55% 62% 37% 4% 68% 36% 15% 19% 6% 5% 39% 54% 51 % 42% 53% 57% a3/ Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accessrnn to, th.e present Protocol, Canada shall submit 1990 emission levels and 2010 emission ceilings for volatile organic compounds, either at a national level or for its PEMA for volatile organic compounds, if it has submitted one. b3/ Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area, c3/ Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide for inclusion in this annex: (a) specific emission reduction measures applicable to mobile and stationary sources of volatile organic compounds to be applied either nationally or within a PEMA if it has submitted a PEMA for volatile organic compounds for inclusion In annex III; (b) a value for total estimated volatile organic compound emission levels for 1990, either national or for the PEMA; (c) an indicative value for total volatile organic compound emission levels for 20IO, either nalional or for the PEMA; and (d) associated estimates of the percentage reduction in volatile organic compound emissions. Item (b) will be included in the table and items (a), (c) and (d) will be included in a footnote to the table, d3/ Figures for Cyprus adopted at the twenty-third session of the Executive Body. 249 Annex III DESIGNATED POLLUTANT EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT AREA (PEMA) The following PEMA is listed for the purpose of the present Protocol: Russian Federation PEMA This is the area of Murmansk oblast, the Republic ofKarelia, Leningrad oblast (including St. Petersburg), Pskov oblast, Novgorod oblast and Kaliningrad oblast. The boundary of the PEMA coincides with the State and administrative boundaries of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 250 Annex IV LIMIT V ALOES FOR EMISSIONS OF SULPHUR FROM STATIONARY SOURCES I. Section A applies to Parties other th.an Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and section C applies to the United States of America. A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America 2. For the purpose of section A, except table 2 and paragraphs 11 and 12, limit value means the quantity of a gaseous substance contained in the waste gases from an installation that is not to be exceeded. Unless otherwise specified, it shall be calculated in terms of mass of pollutant per volume of the waste gases ( expressed as mg/m3), assuming standard conditions for temperature and pressure for dry gas (volurrie at 273.15 K, 101.3 kPa). With regard to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, the values given in the tables below for each source category shall apply. Dilution for the purpose of lowering concentrations of pollutants in waste gases is not permitted. Start-up, shutdown and maintenance of equipment are excluded. 3. Emissions shall be monitored 11 in all cases. Compliance with limit values shall be verified. The methods of verification can include continuous or discontinuous measurements, type approval, or any other technically sound method. 4. Sampling and analysis of pollutants, as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate any measurement system, shall be carried out in accordance with the standards laid down by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) or by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development of CEN or ISO s~andards, national standards shall apply. 5. Measurements of emissions should be carried out continuously when emissions of SO2 exceed 75 kg/h. 6. In the case ·of continuous measurement for new plant, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the calculated daily mean values do not exceed the limit value and if no hourly value exceeds the limit value by 100%. 7. In the case of continuous measurements for existing plant, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if (a) none of the monthly mean values exceeds the limit values; and (b) 97% of all the 48-hour mean values do not exceed 110% of the limit values. 8. In the case of discontinuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the mean value based on an appropriate number of measurements under representative conditions does not exceed the value of the emission standard. 9. Boilers and process heaters with a rated thermal input exceeding 50 MW1h: 11 Monitoring is to be understood as an overall activity, comprising measuring of emissions, mass balancing, etc, It can be carried out continuously or discontinuously. 251 TABLE1 Limit values for SOx emissions released from boilers a/ Thermal input Limit value Alternative for (MWth) (mg S02/Nm3t domestic solid fuels removal efficiencv Solid and liqui d fuels, new 50-100 850 90%"' installations 100- 300 850 • 200 c/ 92%d/ (linear decrease) 95% di > 300 200 c/ Solid. fuels, existing installations 50- 100 2000 100- 500 2000-400 (linear decrease) > 500 400 50- 150 40% 150 - 500 40 • 90% (linear increase) > 500 90% Liquid fuels, existing installations 50- 300 1700 300 - 500 1700-400 (linear decrease) > 500 400 Gaseous fuels in general, new and existing installations 35 Liquefied gas, new and existing 5 installations Low-calorific-value gases new 400 (e.g; gasification of refinery existing 800 residues or combustion of coke oven gas) Blast-furnace gas new 200 existing 800 New combustion plant in refineries > 50 (total 600 (average of all new combustion refinery installations) caoacity) Existing combustion plant in 1000 refineries (average of all existing combustion installations) a/ In particular, the limit values shall not apply to: • Plant in which the prnducts of combustion are used for direct heating, drying, or any other treatment of objects or materials, e.g. reheating furnaces, furnaces for heat treatment; • Post-combustion plant, i.e. any technical apparatus designed to purify the waste gases by combustion that is not operated as an independent combustion plant; Facilities for the regeneration of catalytic cracking catalysts; Facilities for the conversion of hydrogen sulphide into sulphur; Reactors used in the chemical industry; Coke battery furnaces; Cowpers; Waste incinerators; and • Plant powered by diesel, petrol or gas engines or by combustion turbines, i1Tespective of the fuel used. b/ The 02 reference content is 6% for solid fuels and 3% for others. c/ 400 with heavy fuel oil S <0.25%. di If an installation reaches 300 mg/Nm3 S02, it may be exempted from applying the removal efficiency. 252 IO. Gas oil: Table2 Limit values for the sulphur content of gas oil a1 Sulphur content (per cent by weiuht) Gas oil < 0.2 after 1 July 2000 < 0.1 after 1 January 2008 · a/ "Gas oil" means any petroleum product withm HS 2710, or any petroleum product which, by reason of its distillation limits, falls within the category of middle distillates intended for use as fuel and of which at least 85 per cent by volume, including distillation losses, distils at 3500C. Fuels used in on-road and non-road vehicles and agricultural tractors are excluded from this definition. Gas oil intended for marine use is included in the definition if it meets the description above or it has a viscosity or density failing within the ranges of viscosity or density defined for marine distillates in table I of ISO 8217 ( 1996). 11. Claus plant: for plant that produces more than 50 Mg of sulphur a day: (a) Sulphur recovery 99.5% for new plant; (b) Sulphur recovery 97% f'.or existing plant. 12. Titanium dioxide production: in new and existing installations, discharges arising from digestion and calcination steps in the manufacture of titanium dioxide shall be reduced to a value of not more than 10 kg of SO2 equivalent per Mg of titanium dioxide produced. B. Canada 13. Limit values for controlling emissions of sulphur dioxide from new stationary sources in the following stationary source category will be determined on the basis of available information on control technology and levels including limit values applied in other countries and the following document: Canada Gazette, Part I. Department of the Environment. Thermal Power Generation Emissions - National Guidelines for New Stationary Sources. May 15, 1993. pp. 1633-1638. C. United States of America 14. Limit values for controlling emissions of sulphur dioxide from new stationary sources in the following stationary source categories are specified in the following documents: (a.) Electric Utility Steam Generating Units - 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 60, Subpart D, and Subpart Da; (b) Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart Db, and Subpart De; ( c) Sulphuric Acid Plants - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart H; (d) Petroleum Refineries - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart J; (e) Primary Copper Smelters - 40 C.F.R. Part ~O, Subpart P; (f) Primary Zinc Smelters - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Q; (g) Primary Lead Smelters - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart R; (h) Stationary Gas Turbines - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpati GG; (i) Onshore Natural Gas Processing - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpati LLL; (j) Municipal Waste Combustors - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ea, and Subpart Eb; and (k) Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators - 40 C.F.R. Patt 60, Subpart Ee. 253 AnnexV LIMIT VALVES FOR EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES FROM STATIONARY SOURCES· 1. Section A applies to Patties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and section C applies to the United States of America. A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America 2. For the purpose of section A, limit value means the quantity of a gaseous substance contained in the waste gases from an installation that is not to be exceeded. Unless otherwise specified, it shall be calculated in terms of mass of pollutant per volume of the waste gases (expressed as mg/m3), assuming standard conditions for temperature and pressure for dry gas (volume at 273.15 K, 101.3 kPa). With regard to the oxygen content of exhaust gas, the values given in the tables below for each source category shall apply. Dilution for the purpose of lowering concentrations of pollutants in waste gases is not permitted. Limit values generally address NO together with N02, commonly named NOx, expressed as N02. Start-up, shutdown and maintenance of equipment are excluded. 3. Emissions shall be monitored II in all cases. Compliance with limit values shall be verified. The methods of verification can include continuous or discontinuous measurements, type approval, or any other technically sound method. 4. Sampling and analysis of pollutants, as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate any measurement system, shall be carried out in accordance with the standards laid down by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) or by the Iµtemational Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development of CEN or ISO standards, national standards shall apply. 5. Measurements of emissions should be carried out continuously when emissions of NOx exceed 75 kg/h. · 6. In the case of continuous measurements, except for existing combustion plant covered in table I, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the calculated daily mean values do not exceed the limit value and if no hourly value exceeds the limit value by 100%. 7. In the case of continuous measurements for existing combustion plant covered in table 1, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if (a) none of the monthly mean values exceeds the emission limit values; and (b) 95% of all the 48-hour mean values do not exceed 110% of the emission limit values. 8. In th© case of discontinuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the mean value based on an appropriate number of measurements under representative conditions does not exceed the value of the emission standard. 9. Boilers and process heaters with a rated the1mal input exceeding 50 MWth: 11 Monitoring is to be understood as an overall activity, comprising measuring of emissions, mass balancing, etc. It can be carried out continuously or discontinuously. 254 Table 1 Limit values for NOx emissions released from boilers n1 Limit value (mf!!Nm') 01 Solid fuels, new installations: Boilers 50 - 100 MWu, 400 Boilers 100 - 300 MWth 300 Boilers >300 MWth 200 Solid fuels, existing installations: Solid in general 650 Solid with less than 10% volatile compounds 1300 Liquid fuels, new installations: Boilers 50 - 100 MW1h 400 Boilers 100 - 300 MW1h 300 Boilers >300 MWu, 200 Liquid fuels, existing installations 450 Gaseous fuels, new installations: Fuel: natural gas ,, Boilers 50 - 300 MW11, 150 Boilers> 300 MWu, 100 Fuel: all other gases 200 Gaseous fuels, existing installations 350 a/ In paiticular, the limit values shall not apply to: Plant in which the products of combustion are used for direct heating, drying, or any other treatment of objects or.materials, e.g. reheating furnaces, furnaces for heat treatment; Post-combustion plant, i.e. any technical apparatus designed to purify the waste gases by combustion that is not operated as an independent combustion plant; Facilities for the regeneration of catalytic cracking catalysts; Facilities for the conversion of hydrogen sulphide into sulphur; Reactors used in the chemical industry; Coke battery furnaces; Cowpers; Waste incinerators; and Plant powered by diesel, petrol or gas engines or by combustion turbines, inespective of the fuel used. b/ These values do not apply to boilers running less than 500 hours a year. The 02 reference content is 6% for solid fuels and 3% for others. 10. Onshore combustion turbines with a rated thermal input exceeding 50MW11,: the NOx limit values expressed in mg/Nm3 (with an 0 2 content of 15%) are to be appli~d to a single turbine. The limit values in table 2 apply only above 70% load. 255 Table 2 Limit values for NOx emissions released from onshore combustion turbines >50MWth Existing installations, all fuels Natural gas Li uid 120 150 200 a/ ,Natural gas is naturally occurring methane with not more than 20% (by volume) of ine1is and other constituents. bl 75 mg/Nm3 if: Combustion turbine used in a combined heat and power system; or Combustion turbine driving compressor for public gas grid supply. For combustion turbines not falling into either of the above categories, but having an efficiency greater than 35%, determined at ISO bast\ load conditions, the limit value shall be S0*n/35 where n is the combustion turbine efficiency expressed as a percentage (and determined at ISO base load conditions). c/ This limit value applies only to combustion turbines firing light and medium distillates. d/ The limit values do not apply to combustion turbines running less than 150 hours a year. 11. Cement production: Table 3 Limit values for NOx emissions released from cement production a/ Limit value (mf!'!Nm~) New installations (10% 02) , Dry kilns 500 Other kilns 800 Existing installations ( 10% 02) 1200 a/ Installat1ons for the production of cement chnker 111 rotary lCilns with a capacity >500 Mg/day or m other furnaces with a capacity >50 Mg/day. 12. Stationary engines: Table4 Limit values for NOx emissions released from new stationary engines Spark ignition(= Otto) engines, 4-stroke, > 1 MWu, Lean-bum engines All other en ines Compression ignition (= Diesel) engines, > 5 MW1h Fuel: natural gas Get ignition engines) Fuel: heavy fuel oil Fuel: diesel oil or as oil Limit value 250 500 500 600 500 a/ These values do not apply to engines running less than 500 hours a year. The 02 reference content is 5%. 256 13. Production and processing of metals: Table5 Limit values for NOx emissions released from primary iron and steel e1 production Limit value m Ne 400 a/ Production and processing of metals: metal ore roasting or sintering installations, installations for Jhe production of pig iron or steel (primary or secondary fusion) including continuous casting with a capacity exceeding 2.5 Mg/hour, installations for the processing of ferrous metals (hot rolling mills > 20 Mg/hour of crude steel). 14. Nitric acid production: Ca Table6 Limit values for NOx emissions released from nitric acid production excluding acid concentration units ccificatiou Limit value m 350 Existin installations 450 B. Canada 15. Limit values for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from new stationary sources in the following stationary source categories will be determined on the basis of available information on control technology and levels including limit values app1ied in other countries and the following documents: (a) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). National Emission Guidelines for Stationary Combustion Turbines. December 1992. PN1072; (b) Canada Gazette, Pati I. Department of the Environment. Thermal Power Generation Emissions - National Guidelines for New Stationary Sources. May 15, 1993. pp. 1633-1638; and (c) CME. National Emission Guidelines for Cement Kilns. March 1998. PN1284. C. United States of America 16. Limit values for controlling emissions of NOx from new stationary sources in the following stationary source categories are specified in the following documents: (a) (b) Da; (c) Subpart Db; (d) (e) (f) (g) Coal-fired Utility Units - 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 76; Electric Utility Steam Generating Units - 40 C.F.R. Pati 60, Subpati D, and Subpart Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units - 40 C.F.R. Pati 60, Nitric Acid Plants - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart G; Stationary Gas Turbines - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart GG; Municipal Waste Combustors - 40 C.F.R. Pati 60, Subpa1i Ea, and Subpati Eb; and Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ee. 257 Annex VI LIMIT VALUES FOR EMISSIONS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and section C applies to the United States of America. A. Pa1ties other than Canada and the United States of America 2. This section of the present annex covers the stationary sources of non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions listed in paragraphs 8 to 21 below. Installations or parts of installations. for research, development and testing of new products and processes are not covered. Threshold values are given in the sector-specific tables below. They generally refer to solvent consumption or emission mass flow. Where one operator carries out several activities falling under the same subheading at the same installation on the same site, the solvent consumption or emission mass flow of such activities are added together. If no threshold value is indicated, the given limit value applies to all the installations concerned. 3. For the purpose of section A of the present annex: (a) "Storage and distribution of petrol" means the loading of trucks, railway wagons, barges and seagoing ships at depots and mineral oil refinery dispatch stations, excluding vehicle refuelling at service stations covered by relevant documents on mobile sources; (b) "Adhesive coating" means any process in which an adhesive is applied to a surface, with the exception of adhesive coating and laminating associated with printing processes and wood and plastic lamination; (c) "Wood and plastic lamination" means any process to adhere together wood and/or plastic to produce laminated products; (d) "Coating processes" means the application of metal and plastic surfaces to: passenger cars, truck cabins, trucks, buses or wooden surfaces and covers any process in which a single or multiple application of a continuous film of coating is laid onto: (i) New vehicles ·defined (see below) as vehicles of category Ml and of category NI insofar as they are coated at the same installation as Ml vehicles; (ii) Truck cabins, defined as the housing for the driver, and all integrated housing for the technical equipment of category N2 and N3 vehicles; (iii) Vans and trucks defined as category Nl, N2 and N3 vehicles, but excluding truck cabins; (iv) Buses defined as category M2 and M3 vehicles; and (v) Other metallic and plastic smfaces including those of aeroplanes, ships, trains, etc., wooden surfaces, textile, fabric, film and paper surfaces. This source category does not include the coating of substrates with metals by electrophoretic or chemical spraying techniques. If the coating process includes a step in which the same article is printed, that printing step is considered part of the coating process. However, printing processes operated as a separate activity are not included. In this definition: Ml vehicles are those used for the carriage of passengers and comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; 258 M2 vehicles are those used for the caiTiage of passengers and comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass not exceeding 5 Mg; M3 vehicles are those used for the carriage of passengers and comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 Mg; Nl vehicles are those used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding3.5 Mg; N2 vehicles are those used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 Mg but not exceeding 12 Mg; N3 vehicles are those used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 Mg. (e) "Coil coating" means any processes where coiled steel, stainless steel, coated steel, copper alloys or aluminium strip is coated with either a film-forming or laminate coating in a continuous process; (f) "Dry cleaning" means any industrial or commercial process using VOCs in an installation to clean garments, furnishings and similar consumer goods with the exception of the manual removal of stains and spots in the textile and clothing industry; . (g) "Manufacturing of coatings, varnishes, inks and adhesives" means the manufacture of coating preparations, varnishes, inks and adhesives, and of intermediates as far as they are produced in the same installation by mixing pigments, resins and adhesive materials with organic solvents or' other carriers. This category also includes dispersion, predispersion, realization of a certain viscosity or colour and packing the final products in containers; (h) "Printing" means any process of reproduction of text and/or images in which, with the use of an image carrier, ink is transfem:d onto a surface and applies to the following subprocesses: (i) Flexography: a printing process using an image carrier of rubber or elastic photopolymers on which the printing inks are above the non-printing areas, using liquid inks that dry through evaporation; (ii) Heat set web offset: a web-fed printing process using an image carrier in which the printing and non-printing areas are in the same plane, where web fed means that the material to be printed is fed to the machine from a reel as distinct from separate sheets. The non-printing area is treated to attract water and thus reject ink. The printing area is treated to receive and transmit ink to the surface to be printed. Evaporation takes place in an oven where hot air is used to heat the printed material; (iii) Publication rotogravure: rotogravure used for printing paper for magazines, brochures, catalogues or similar products, using toluene-based inks; (iv) Rotogravure: a printing process using a cylindrical image carrier in which the printing area is below the non-printing area, using liquid inks that dry through evaporation. The recesses are filled with ink and the surplus-is cleaned off the non-printing area before the surface to be printed contacts the cylinder and lifts the ink from the recesses; (v) Rotary screen printing: a web-fed printing process in which the ink is passed onto the smface to be printed by forcing it through a porous image carrier, in which the printing area is open and the non-printing area is sealed off, using liquid inks that dry only through evaporation. Web-fed means that the 259 material to be printed is fed to the machine· from a reel as distinct from separate sheets; (vi) Laminating associated to a printing process: the adhering of two or more flexible materials to produce laminates; and (vii) Varnishing: a process by which a varnish or an adhesive coating is applied to a flexible material for the purpose of later sealing the packaging material; (i) "Manufacturing of pharmaceutical products" means chemical synthesis, fermentation, extraction, formulation and finishing of phannaceutical prnducts and, where carried out at the same site, the manufacture of intermediate products; G) "Conversion of natural or synthetic rubber" means any process of mixing, ctushing, blending, calendering, extruding and vulcanization of natural or synthetic rubber and additionally processes for the processing of natural or synthetic rubber to derive an end product; (k) "Surface cleaning" means any process except dry cleaning using organic solvents to remove contamination from the surface of material, including degreasing; a cleaning process consisting of more than one step before or after any other pt·ocessing step is considered as one surface-cleaning process. The process refers to the cleaning of the surface of products and not to the cleaning ofp1'ocess equipment; (1) "Extraction of vegetable oil and animal fat and refining of vegetable oil" means the extraction of vegetable oil from seeds and other vegetable matter, the ptocessing of dry residues to produce animal feed, and the purification of fats and vegetable oils derived from seeds, vegetable matter and/or animal matter; (m) "Vehicle refinishing" means any industrial or commercial coating activity and associated degreasing activities performing: (i) The coating of road vehicles, or part of them, carried out as part of vehicle repair, conservation or decoration outside manufacturing installations, or (ii) The original coating of road vehicles, or part of them, with refinishing-type materials, where this is carried out away from the original manufacturing line, or (iii) The coating of trailers (including semi-trailers);. (n) "Impregnation of wooden sutfaces" means any process impregnating timber with preservative; (o) "Standard conditions" means a temperature of 273.15 Kand a pressure of 101.3 kPa; (p) "NMVOCs" comprise all organic compounds except methane which at 273.15 K show a vapour pressure of at least 0.01 kPa or which show a comparable volatility under the given application conditions; (q) "Waste gas" means the final gaseous discharge containing NMVOCs or other pollutants from a stack or from emission abatement equipment into air. The volumetric flow rates shall be expressed in m3/h at standard conditions; (r) "Fugitive emission of NMVOCs" means any emission, not in waste gases, of NMVOC into air, soil and water as well as, unless otherwise stated, solvents contained in any product and includes uncaptured emissions ofNMVOCs released to the outside environment via C 260 windows, doors, vents and similar openings. Fugitive limit values are calculated on the basis of a solvent management plan (see appendix I to the present annex); (s) "Total emission ofNMVOCs" means the sum of fugitive emission ofNMVOCs and emission ofNMVOCs in waste gases; (t) "Input" means the quantity of organic solvents and their quantity in preparations used when carrying out a process, including the solvents recycled inside and outside the installation, and which are counted every time they are used to carry out the activity; (u) "Limit value" means the maximum quantity of a gaseous substance contained in the waste gases from an installation which is not to be exceeded during normal operation. Unless otherwise specified, it shall be calculated in te1ms of mass of pollutant per volume of the waste gases (expressed as mg C/Nm3 unless specified otherwise), assuming standard conditions for temperature and pressure for dry gas. For solvent-using installations, limit values are given as mass unit per characteristic unit of the respective activity. Gas volumes that are added to the waste gas for cooling or dilution purposes shall not be considered when determining the mass concentration of the pollutant in the waste gas. Limit values generally address all volatile organic compounds except methane (no further distinction is made, e.g. in terms of reactivity or toxicity); (v) "Normal operation" means all periods of operation except start-up and shutdown operations and maintenance of equipment; (w) "Substances harmful to human health" are subdivided into two categories: (i) Halogenated VOCs that have possible risk of irreversible effects; or (ii) Hazardous substances that are carcinogens, mutagens or toxic to reproduction or that may cause cancer, may cause heritable genetic damage, may cause cancer by inhalation, may impair fertility or may cause harm to the unborn child. 4. The following requirements shall be satisfied: (a) Emissions of NMVOCs shall be monitored 1/ and compliance with limit values shall be verified. The methods of verification may include continuous or discontinuous measurements, type approval, or any other technically sound method; furthe1more, they shall be economically viable; (b) The concentrations of air pollutants in gas-canying ducts shall be measured in a representative way. Sampling and analysis of all pollutants, as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate any measurement system, shall be canied out according to the standards laid down by the European Committee for Standardization (C::EN) or by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development· of CEN or ISO standards, national standards shall apply;. (c) If measurements of emissions of NMVOCs are required, they should be carried out continuously if emissions ofNMVOCs exceed 10 kg of total organic carbon (TOC)/h in the exhaust duct downstream from an emission reduction installation and the hours of operation exceed 200 hours a year. For all other installations, discontinuous measurement is required as a minimum. For the approval of compliance, own approaches may be used provided that they result in equal stringency; 261 (d) In the case of continuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the daily mean does not exceed the limit value during normal operation and no hourly average exceeds the limit values by 150%. For the approval of compliance, own approaches may be used provided that they result in equal stringency; (e) In the case of discontinuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the mean value of all readings does not exceed the limit value and no hourly mean exceeds the limit value by 150%. For the approval of compliance, own approaches may be used provided that they result in equal stringency; (f) All appropriate precautions shall be taken to minimize emissions of NMVOCs during start-up and shutdown, and in case of deviations from normal ◊peratiori; and (g) Measurements are not required if end-of-pipe abatement equipment is not needed to comply with the limit values below and it can be shown that limit values are not exceeded. · 5. The following limit values should be applied for waste gases, unless stated otherwise below: (a) 20 mg substance/m3 for discharges of halogenated volatile organic compounds (which are assigned the risk phrase: possible risk of irreversible effects), where the mass flow of the sum of the considered compounds is greater than or equal to 100 g/h; and (b) 2 mg/m3 (expressed as the mass sum of individual compounds) for discharges of volatile organic compounds (which are assigned the following risk phrases: may cause cancer, heritable genetic damage, cancer by inhalation or harm to the unborn child; may impair fertility), where the mass flow of the sum of the considered compounds is greater than or equal to IO g/h. 6. For the source categories listed in paragraphs 9 to 21 below, the following revisions are relevant: (a) Instead of applying the limit values for installations set out below, the operators of the respective installations may be allowed to use a reduction scheme (see appendix II to the present annex). The purpose of a reduction scheme is to give the operator the possibility to achieve by other means emission reductions equivalent to those achieved if given limit values were to be applied; and (b) For fugitive emissions of NMVOCs, the fugitive emission values set out below shall be applied as a limit value. However, where it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the competent authority that for an individual installation this value is not technically and economically feasible, the competent authority may exempt that installation provided that significant risks to human health or the environment are not expected. For each derogation, the operator must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the best available technique is used. 7. The limit values for VOC emissions for the source categories defined in paragraph 3 shall be as specified in paragraphs 8 to 21 below. 262 8. Storage and distribution of petrol: Table 1 Limit values for VOC emissions released from the storage and distribution of petrol, excluding the loading of seagoing ships Capacity, technique, further specification Threshold values .Limit value Vapour recovery unit serving storage and 5000 m0 petrol 10 gVOC/NmJ distribution facilities at refinery tank fa1ms throughput annually including methane or terminals Note: The vapour displaced by the filling of petrol storage tanks shall be displaced either mto other storage tanks or into abatement equipment meeting the limit values in the table above. 9. Adhesive coating: Table2 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from adhesive coating Capacity, technique, further Threshold value Limit value Limit value for specification for solvent fugitive emissions consumption ofNMVOCs(% (Mf!lvear) of solvent input) Footwear manufacture; new and >5 25 g solvent per existing installations . pair Other adhesive coating, except 5 - 15 5001 mgC/Nm0 25 footwear; new and existing > 15 50"' mgC/Nmj 20 installations .. ·' a/ If techmques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvent, the hm1t value shall be 150 mg C/Nm .. I 0. Wood and plastic lamination: Table3 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from wood and plastic lamination Capacity, technique, further s ecification Wood and plastic laminating; new and existin installations Threshold value for solvent consum ear Limit value for total emissions ofNMVOCs 30 gNMVOC/m 11. Coating processes (metal and plastic surfaces in passenger cars, truck cabins, trucks, buses, wooden surfaces): 263 Table4 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from coating processes in the car industry Capacity, technique, further Threshold value for solvent Limit value ni for total specification consumption(Ml?fyear)~ emissions of NMVOCs New installations, car coating > 15 45 g NMVOC/m" or (Ml, M2) (and> 5,000 coated items a year) 1.3 kg/item and 33 g NMVOC/m2 Existing installations, car > 15 60 g NMVOC /m2 or coating (Ml, M2) (and> 5,000 coated items a year) 1.9 kg/item and 41 g NMVOC/m2 New and existing installations, > 15 (::S 5,000 coated monocoques 90 g NMVOC/m' or car coating (Ml, M2) or > 3,500 coated chassis a year) 1.5 kg/item and 70 g NMVOC/m2 New installations, coating of > 15 (::S 5,000 coated items a year) 65 g NMVOC/m" new truck cabins (Nl, N2, N3) New installations, coating of > 15 (> 5,000 coated items a year) 55 gNMVOC/m' new truck cabins (N 1, N2, N3) Existing installations, coating > 15 (::S 5,000 coated items a year) 85 g NMVOC/m' of new truck cabins (Nl, N2, N3) Existing installations, coating > 15 (> 5,000 coated items a year) 75 gNMVOC/m' of new truck cabins (Nl, N2, N3) New installations, coating of > 15 (::S 2,500 coated items a year) 90 g NMVOC/m" new trucks and vans (without cabin) (Nl, N2, N3) New installations, coating of > 15 (> 2,500 coated items a year) 70 g NMVOC/m' new trucks and vans (without cabin) (Nl, N2, N3) Existing installations, coating > 15 (::S 2,500 coated items a year) 120 g NMVOC/m2 of new trucks and vans (without cabin) (Nl, N2, N3) Existing installations, coating > 15 (> 2,500 coated items a year) 90 g NMVOC/m' of new trucks and vans (without cabin) (Nl, N2, N3) New installations, coating of > 15 (::S 2,000 coated items a year) 210 g NMVOC/m' new buses (M3) New installations, coating of > 15 (> 2,000 coated items a year) 150 g NMVOC/m' new buses (M3) Existing installations,coating > 15 (::S 2,000 coated items a year) 290 g NMVOC/m' of new buses (M3) Existing installations, coating > 15 (> 2,000 coated items a year) 225 g NMVOC/m' of new buses rM3) al For a solvent consumpt10n 15 Mg a year (coatmg of cars), table 14 on car refimshmg apphes. bl The total limit values are expressed in terms of mass of solvent (g) emitted in relation to the smface area of product (m2). The surface area of the product is defined as the surface area calculated from the total electrophoretic coating area and the surface area of any parts that might be added in successive phases of the coating process which are coated with the same coatings. The surface of the electrophoretic coating area is calculated using the formula: (2 x total weight of product shell): (average thickness of metal sheet x density of metal sheet). 264 Table 5 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from coating processes in various industrial sectors Capacity, technique, Threshold value Limit value Limit value for further specification for solvent fugitive emission of consumption NMVOCs fMi¥/vear) (% ofsolvent input) New and existing 5 - 15 100"'"' mg C/NmJ 25°1 installations: other coating, incl. metal, plastics, textile, fabric, > 15 50/75° 10101 mg C/NmJ 20"1 foil and paper (excl. web screen printing for textiles, see printing) New and existing 15 - 25 100"' mg C/Nm" 25 installations: wood >25 50/75°' mg C!Nm' 20 coating al Limit value applies to coating applications and drying processes operated under contained conditions. b/ If contained coating conditions are not possible (boat construction, aircraft coating, etc,), installations may be granted exemption from these values. The reduction scheme of paragraph 6 (a) is then to be used, unless it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the competent authority that this option is not technically and economically feasible. In this case, the operator must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the best available technique is used. c/ The first value applies to drying processes, the second to coating application processes. d/ If, for textile coating, techniques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvents, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3 for d1ying and coating together. 12. Coil coating: Table6 1m1t va ues or L' . t1 NMVOC emissions re ease rom cm dfi ·1 ti COil 111! Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for further specification solvent consumption (mgC/Nm3) fugitive emissions of (Mg/year) NMVOCs (% of solvent immt) New installations > 25 50a, 5 Existing installations >25 50a, 10 .J a/ Iftechmques ate used which allow reuse ofrecovered solvent, the hm1t value shall be 150 mg C/Nm . 13. Dry cleaning: Table7 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from dry cleaning Capacity, technique, further Threshold value for solvent Limit value s · tion ear 20 Limit value for total emissions ofNMVOCs calculated as mass of emitted solvent per mass of cleaned and dried product. 265 14. Manufacturing of coatings, varnishes, inks and adhesives: T?ble8 Limit values fo1· NMVOC emissions released from manufacturing of coatings, varnishes, inks and adhesives Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for further specification solvent consumption (mgC/Nm3) fugitive emissions of (Mg/year) NMVOCs . (% of solvent input) New and existing 100 - 1,000 150 w 5 8/ C/. installations > 1,000 150 O/ 3 0/ C/ al A total hm1t value of 5% of solvent mput may be apphed instead of usmg the waste gas concentrat10n hm1t and the limit value for fugitive emissions ofNMVOCs. bl A total limit value of 3% of solvent input may be applied instead ofusing the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value for fugitive emissions ofNMVOCs. c/ The fugitive limit value does not include solvents sold as part of a preparation in a sealed container. 15. Printing (flexography, heat set web offset, publication rotogravure etc.): Table9 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from printing processes Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for fugitive further specification solvent consumption (mg C/Nm3) emissions ofNMVOCs (Mg/year) (% of solvent input) New and existing 15 -25 100 30w installations: heat set web >25 20 30"' offset New installations: >25 · 75 10 publication rotogravure Existing installations: >25 75 15 publication rotogravure New and existing 15 -25 100 25 installations: other rotogravure, flexography, >25 100 20 rotary screen printing, lamination and varnishing units New and existing installations: rotary > 30 100 20 screen printing oh .textiles, paperboard .. a/ Solvent residue m finished products 1s not to be considered as part of the fugitive em1ss10ns ofNMVOCs . 266 16. Manufacturing of phannaceutical products: Table 10 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from manufactnring of pharmaceutical products Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for fugitive further specification solvent consumption (mg C/Nm3) emissions ofNMVOCs ·(Mwyear) (% ofsolvent input) New installations > 50 20 a1 bl 5 0/Q/ Existing installations > 50 20 ll/C/ 15 C/0/ ., al Iftechmques are used wluch allow reuse ofrecove1ed solvents, the hmtt value shall be 150 mg C/Nm . bl A 'total limit value of 5% of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value for fugitive emissions ofNMVOCs, cl A total limit value of 15% of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value for fugitive emissions ofNMVOCs. di The fugitive limit value does not include solvents sold as part of a coatings preparation in a sealed container. 17. Conversion of natural or synthetic rubber: Table 11 Limit values for NMVOC emission released from conversion of natural or synthetic rubber Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for fugitive further specification solvent consumption (mgC/Nm3) emissions ofNMVOCs (Mg/vear) (% of solvent in nut) New and existing installations: conversion of > 15 20 alb! 25 al c/ natural or synthetic rnbber al A total limit value of 25% of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value for fugitive emissions ofNMVOCs. bl If techniques are used which allow reuse ofrecovered solvent, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3• cl The fugitive limit does not include solvents sold as part of a preparation in a sealed container. 18. Surface cleaning: Table 12 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from surface cleaning Capacity, technique, further Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for fugitive specification solvent consumption emissions of NMVOCs CMWYear) (% of solvent input) . New and existing installations: 1.-5 20mg 15 surface cleaning using compound/Nm3 substances mentioned in >5 20mg 10 paragraph 3 (w) compound/Nm3 New and existing installations: 2 - 10 75 mg C/Nmj Q/ 20 Q/ other surface cleaning > 10 75 mg C/NmJa, 15 Q/ a/ Installations winch demonstl·ate to the competent authority that the average organic solvent content of all cleaning material used does not exceed 30% wlw are exempt from applying these values. 267 19. Vegetable oil and animal fat extraction and vegetable oil refining processes: Table 13 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from extraction of vegetable and animal fat and refining of vegetable oil Capacity, · Threshold value Total limit value (kg/Mg) technique, for solvent further consumption specification <M!!lvear) New and existing > 10 Animal fat: 1.5 installations Castor: 3.0 Rape seed: 1.0 Sunflower seed: 1.0 Soya beans (normal crush): 0.8 Soya beans (white flakes): 1.2 Other seeds and vegetable material: 3.0at All fractionation processes, excl. degumming 1.5 bl, 4.0 Degummine:: a/ Limit values for total emissions of NMVOCs from installations treating single batches of seeds or other vegetable material shall b.e set case by case by the competent authorities on the basis of the best available technologies. b/ The removal of gum from the oil. 20. Vehicle refinishing: Table 14 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from vehicle refinishing Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for fugitive further specification solvent consumption (mgCINm3) emissions of NMVOCs (Mg/year) (% of solvent input) New and existing >0.5 50 a1 25 installations . . a/ Comphance with limit values to be proven by 15-mmute average measurements . 21. Impregnation of wooden surfaces: Table 15 Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from impregnation of wooden surfaces Capacity, technique, Threshold value for Limit value Limit value for fugitive further specification solvent consumption (mg CINm3) emission ofNMVOCs (Mg/year) (% ofsolvent input) New and existing > 25 100 a, DI 45 DI installations a/ Does not apply to impregnation with creosote. b/ A total limit value of 11 kg solvent/m3 of wood treated may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value for fugitive emissions ofNMVOCs. 268 B. Canada 22. Limit values for controlling emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from new stationary sources in the following stationary source categories will be determined on the basis of available information on control technology and levels, including limit values applied in other countries, and the following documents: (a) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Environmental Code . of Pi'actice for the Reduction of Solvent Emissions from Dry Cleaning Facilities. December 1992. PN1053; (b) CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Process Emissions from New Organic Chemical Operations. September 1993. PNl 108; (c) CCME. Environmentai Code of Practice for the Measurement and Control of Fugitive VOC Emissions from Equipment Leaks. October 1993. PNl 106; ( d) CCME. A Program to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 40 Percent from Adhesives and Sealants. March 1994. PNl 116; (e) CCME. A Plan to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 20 Percent from Consumer Surface Coatings. March 1994. PNl 114; (f) CCME. Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aboveground Storage Tanks. June 1995. PNl 180; (g) CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for Vapour Recovery during Vehicle Refueling at Service Stations and Other Gasoline Dispersing Facilities. (Stage II) April 1995. PNl 184; (h) CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for the Reduction of Solvent Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Degreasing Facilities. June 1995. PNl 182; (i) CCME. New Source Performance Standards and Guidelines for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Canadian Automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Coating Facilities. August 1995. PN1234; G) CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Plastics Processing Industry. July 1997. PN1276; and (k) CCME. National Standards for the Volatile Organic Compound Content of Canadian Commercial/Industrial Smface Coating Products - Automotive Refinishing. August 1997. PN1288. C. United States of America 23. Limit values for controlling emissions of VOCs from new stationary sources in the following stationary source categories are specified in the following documents: (a) Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids - 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 60, Subpart K, and Subpart Ka; 269 (b) Storage Vessels for Volatile Organic Liquids - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Kb; (c) Petroleum Refineries - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart J; (d) . Surface Coating of Metal Furniture -40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart EE; (e) Surface Coating for Automobile and Light Duty Trucks - 40 C.F.R. Pait 60, Subpart MM; (f) Publication Rotogravure Printing- 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart QQ; (g) Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label Surface Coating Operations - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart RR; (h) Large Appliance, Metal Coil and Beverage Can Surface Coating - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart SS, Subpart TT and Subpart WW; (i) Bulk Gasoline Terminals - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart XX; G) Rubber Tire Manufacturing - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart BBB; (k) Polymer Manufacturing - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart DDD; (I) Flexible Vinyl and Urethane Coating and Printing - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart FFF; (m) Petroleum Refinery Equipment Leaks and Wastewater Systems - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart OGG and Subpart QQQ; (n) Synthetic Fiber Production - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart HHH; (o) Petroleum Dry Cleaners - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart JJJ; (p) Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart KKK; (q) SOCMI Equipment Leaks, Air Oxidation Units, Distillation Operations and Reactor Processes - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart VV, Subpart III, Subpart NNN and Subpart RRR; (r) Magnetic Tape Coating - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart SSS; (s) Industrial Surface Coatings - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart TIT; and (t) Polymeric Coatings of Supporting Substrates Facilities - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart VVV. 270 Appendix I SOLVENT MANAGEMENT PLAN INTRODUCTION 1. This appendix to the annex on limit values for emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) from stationary sources provides guidance on carrying out a solvent management plan. It identifies the principles to be applied (para. 2), provides a framework for the mass balance (para. 3) and provides an indication of the requirements for verification of compliance (para. 4). PRINCIPLES 2. The solvent management plan serves the following purposes: (a) Verification of compliance, as specified in the annex; and (b) Identification of future reduction options. DEFINITIONS 3. The following definitions provide a framework for the mass balance exercise: (a) Inputs of organic solvents: 11. The quantity of organic solvents or their quantity in preparations purchased that are used as input into the process in the time frame over which the mass balance is being calculated. I2. The quantity of organic solvents or their quantity in preparations recovered and reused as solvent input into the process. (The recycled solvent i's counted every time it is used to carry out the activity.) (b) Outputs of organic solvents: 01. Emission ofNMVOCs in waste gases. 02. Organic solvents lost in water, if appropriate taking into account waste-water treatment when calculating 05. 03. The quantity of organic solvents that remains as contamination or residue in output of products from the process. 04. Uncaptured emissions of organic solvents to air. This includes the general ventilation of rooms, where air is released to the outside environment via windows, doors, vents and similar openings. 05. Organic solvents and/or organic compounds lost due to chemical or physical reactions (including, for example, those that are destroyed, e.g. by incineration or other waste-gas or waste-water treatments, or captured, e.g. by adsorption, as long as they are not counted under 06, 07 or 08). 06. Organic solvents contained in collected waste. 271 07. Organic solvents, or organic solvents contained in preparations, that are sold or are intended to be sold as a commercially valuable product. 08 .. Organic solvents contained in preparations recovered for reuse but not as input into the process, as long as they are not counted under 07. 09. Organic solvents released in other ways. GUIDANCE ON USE OF THE SOLVENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR VERIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE 4. The use of the solvent management plan will be determined by the particular requirement which is to be verified, as follows: (a) Verification of compliance with the reduction option mentioned in paragraph 6 (a) of the annex, with a total limit value expressed in solvent· emissions per unit product, or as otherwise stated in the annex. (i) For all activities using the reduction option mentioned in paragraph 6 (a) of the annex, the solvent management plan should be put into effect annually to determine consumption. Consumption can be calculated by means of the following equation: C=ll -08 A parallel exercise should also be undertaken to determine solids used in coating in order to derive the annual reference emission and the target emission each year; (ii) For assessing compliance with a total limit value expressed in solvent emissions per unit product or as otherwise stated in the annex, the solvent management plan should be put into effect annually to determine emission of NMVOCs. Emission of NMVOCs can be calculated by means of the following equation: E=F + 01 • Where F is the fugitive emission ofNMVOC as defined in subparagraph (b) (i) below. The emission figure should be divided by the relevant product parameter; (b) Determination of fugitive emission of NMVOCs for comparison with fugitive emission values in the annex: (i) Methodology: The fugitive emission ofNMVOC can be calculated by means of the following equation: F = II - 01 - 05 - 06 - 07 - 08 or F = 02 + 03 + 04 + 09 This quantity can be determined by direct measurement of the quantities. Alternatively, an equivalent calculation can be made by other means, for instance by using the capture efficiency of the process. The fugitive emission value is expressed as a proportion of the input, which can be calculated by means of the following equation: 1=11+12 (ii) Frequency: Fugitive emission of NMVOCs can be determined by a short but comprehensive set of measureme nts. This need not to be done again until the equipment is modified. 272 Appendix II REDUCTION SCHEME PRINCIPLES 1. The purpose of the reduction scheme is to allow the operator the possibility to achieve by other means emission reductions equivalent to those achieved if the limit values were to be applied. To that end the operator may use any reduction scheme specially designed for his installation, provided that in the end an equivalent emission reduction is achieved. Parties shall report on progress in achieving the same emission reduction, including experience with the application of the reduction scheme. · PRACTICE 2. If applying coatings, varnishes, adhesives or inks, the following scheme can be used. Where it is inappropriate, the competent authority may allow an operator to apply any alternative exemption scheme which it is satisfied fulfils the principles outlined here. The design of the scheme takes into account the following facts: (a) Where substitutes containing little or no solvent are still under development, a time extension must be given to the operator to implement his emission reduction plans; (b) The reference point for emission reductions should correspond as closely as possible to the emissions that would have resulted had no reduction action been taken. 3. The following scheme shall operate for installations for which a constant solid content of product can be assumed and used to define the reference point for emission reductions: (a) The operator shall forward an emission reduction plan which includes in particular decreases in the average solvent content of the total input and/or increased efficiency in the use of solids to achieve a reduction of the total emissions from the installation to a given percentage of annual reference emissions, te1111ed the target emission. This must be done in the following time frame: · Time period Maximum allowed total New installations E:mtini? installations annual emissions By 31.10.2001 By 31.10.2005 Target emission x 1.5 By 31.10.2004 By 31.10.2007 Target emission (b) The annual reference emission is calculated as follows: (i) The total mass of solids in the quantity of coating and/or ink, varnish or adhesive consumed in a year is determined. Solids are all materials in coatings, inks, varnishes and adhesives that become solid once the water or the volatile organic compounds are evaporated; (ii) The annual reference emissions are calculated by multiplying the mass determined as in subparagraph (i) by the appropriate factor listed in the table below. The competent authorities may adjust these factors for individual installations to reflect documented increased efficiency in the use of solids. 273 Activity Multiplication factor for use in subuaraeraoh <h) (ii) Rotogravure printing; flexography printing; laminating 4 as part of a printing activity; printing; varnishing as part of a printing activity; wood coating; coating of textiles, fabric, film or paper; adhesive coating Coil coating; vehicle refinishing 3 Food contact coating; aerosoace coating 2.33 Other coatings and rotarv screen orinting 1.5 (iii) The target emission is equal to the annual reference emission multiplied by a percentage equal to: (The fugitive emission value+ 15), for installations in the following sectors: " Vehicle coating (solvent consumption< 15 Mg/year) and vehicle refinishing; " Metal, plastic, textile, fabric, film and paper coating (solvent consumption between 5 and 15 Mg/year); · " Coating of wooden surfaces (solvent consumption between 15 and 25 Mg/year). (The fugitive emission value + 5) for all other installations; (iv) Compliance is achieved if the actual solvent emission dete1mined from the solvent management plan is less than or equal to the target emission. 274 AmmexVIl TIMESCALES UNDER ARTICLE 3 1. The timescales for the application of the limit values referred to in article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3, shall be: · (a) For new stationary sources, one year after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for the Party in question; and (b) For existing stationary sources: (i) In the case of a Party that is not a country with an economy in transition, one Y""' nae, the da.to of ,mt""/ ii:iJ:fl. fmce of th e present Protocol or 31 December 2007, whichever is the late!'; and (ii) In the case of a Party that is a country with an economy in transition, eight years after the entry into force of the present Protocol. 2. The timescales for the application of the limit values for fuels and new mobile sources referred to in article 3, paragraph 5, and the limit values for gas oil refetTed to in annex IV, table 2, shall be: · (i) In the case of a Party that is not a country with an economy in transition, the date of entry into force of the present Protocol or the dates associated with the measures specified in annex VIII and with the limit values specified in annex IV, table 2, whichever is the later; and (ii) In the case of a Party that is a country with an economy in transition, five years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol or five years after the dates associated with the measures specified in annex VIII and with the limit values in annex IV, table 2, whichever is the later. This timescale shall not apply to a Party to the present Protocol to the extent that that Party is subject to a shorter timescale with regard to gas oil under the Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions. 3. For the purpose of the present annex, "a country with an economy in transition" means a Party that has made with its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a declaration that it wishes to be treated as a country with an economy in transition for the purposes of.paragraphs 1 and/or 2 of this annex. 275 Annex VIII LIMIT VALUES FOR FUELS AND NEW MOBILE SOURCES INTRODUCTION 1. Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and section C applies to the United States of America. 2. The annex contains limit values for NOx, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (N02) equivalents, and for hydrocarbons, most of which are volatile organic compounds, as well as environmental specifications for marketed fuels for vehicles. · 3. The timescales for applying the limit values inthis annex are laid down in annex VII. A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES 4. Limit values for power-driven vehicles with at least four wheels and used for the carriage of passengers ( category M) and goods ( category N) are given in table 1. HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES 5. Limit values for engines for heavy-duty vehicles are given in tables 2 and 3 depending on the applicable test procedures. MOTORCYCLES AND MOPEDS 6. Limit values for motorcycles and mopeds are given in table 6 and table 7. NON-ROAD VEHICLES AND MACHINES 7. Limit values for agricultural and forestry tractors and other non-road vehicle/machine · engines are listed in tables 4 and 5. Stage I (table 4) is based on ECE regulation 96, "Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard to the emissions of pollutants by the .engine". FUEL QUALITY 8. Environmental quality specifications for petrol and diesel are given in tables 8 to 11. TABLE1 Limit values for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles Refe:reimce mass Limit V a.lu.es (R\V) Ca:rboim Hyd:rocll.ll'bons Nitrogen HydroCll.ll'bons Pa:rticwates., (kg) monoxide oxides and nitrogen oxides combined Ll (l 1km) L2 (ivkm) . L3 (<>/km) L2+L3 (g/km) L4 (g/km) Category Class Tobe Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Diesel applied f:rom ht A MCI 1.1.2001 All gt 2.3 0.64 0.20 - 0.15 0.50 - 0.56 0.05 N1c11 I 1.1.2001 e1 RW<l305 2.3 0.64 0.20 - 0.15 0.50 - 0.56 0.05 II 1.1.2002 1305 < RW < 1760 4.17 0.80 0.25 - 0.18 0.65 - 0.72 0.07 m 1.1.2002 1760<RW 5.22 0.95 0.29 - 0.21 0.78 - 0.86 0.10 B Met 1.1.2006 All 1.0 0.50 0.10 - 0.08 0.25 - 0.30 0.025 N1 di I 1.1.2006 v RW1305 1.0 0.50 0.10 - 0.08 0.25 - 0.30 0.o25 n 1.1.2007 1305<RW<l760 1.81 0.63 0.13 - 0.10 0.33 - 0.39 0.04 m 1.1.2007 1760 <RW 2.27 0.74 0.16 - 0.11 0.39 - 0.46 0.06 a/ For compression-ignition engmes. bl The registration, sale or entry into service of new vehicles that fail to comply with the respective limit values shall be refused as from the dates given in this column and type approval may no longer be granted :with effect from 12 months prior to these dates. c/ Except vehicles whose maximum mass exceeds 2,500 kg. d/ And those categofY M vehicles specified in note c. e/ 1.1.2002 for those categofY M vehicles specified in note c. fl 1.1.2007 for those categorY M vehicles specified in note c. g/ Until 1 Januruy 2003 vehicles in this categofY fitted with compression-ignition engines that are non-road vehicles and vehicles with a maximum mass of more than 2,000 kg which are designed to carry more than six occupants, including the driver, shall be considered as vehicles in category NI, class III, in row A. I\) ..J (j) 277 Table2 Limit values for heavy-duty vehicles - European steady-state cycle (ESC) and European load-response (ELR) tests Row Tobe Carbon Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Particulates Smoke applied from monoxide (g/kWh) oxides (g/kWh) (m"l) oJ (t!lk.Wb) (t!lk.Wh) ., A 1.10.2001 2.1 0.66 5.0 0.10 I 0.13 °' 0.8 Bl 1.10.2006 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 0.5 B2 1.10.2009 1.5 0.46 2.0 0.02 0.5 a/ With effect from the given dates and except for vehicles and engines intended for export to countries that are not parties to the present Protocol and for replacement engines for vehicles in qse, Patties shall prohibit the registration, sale, entry into service or use of new vehicles propelled by a compression-ignition or gas engine and the sale and use of new compression-ignition or gas engines if their emissions do not comply with the respective limit values. With effect from twelve months prior to these dates, type approval may be refused if the limit values are not complied with. b/ For engines with a swept volume below 0.75 dm3 per cylinder and a rated power speed above 3000 revolutions per minute, ' Table3 Limit values for heavy-duty vehicles - European transient cycle (ETC) test a1 Row Tobe Carbon Non-methane Methane"' Nitrogen Particulates applied monoxide hydrocarbons (g/kWh) oxides from bl (t!/k.Wh) (t!lk.Wh) (e/kWh) A (2000) 1.10.2001 5.45 0.78 1.6 5.0 0.16 / 0.21 Cl Bl (2005) 1.10.2006 4.0 0.55 1.1 3.5 0.03 B2 (2008) 1.10.2009 4.0 0.55 1.1 2.0 0.03 a/ The conditions for verifying the acceptability of the ETC tests when measuring the emissions of gas-fuelled engines against the limit values applicable in row A shall be re-examined and, where necessary, modified· in accordance with the procedure laid down in article 13 of Directive 70/156/EEC. b/ With effect from the given dates and except for vehicles and engines intended for expmt to countries that are not parties to the present Protocol and for replacement engines for vehicles in use, Parties shall prohibit the registration, sale, entry into service or use of new vehicles propelled by a compression-ignition or gas engine and the sale and use of new compression-ignition or gas engines if their emissions do not comply with the respective limit values. With effect from twelve months prior to these dates, type approval may be refused if the limit values are not complied with. c/ For natural gas engines only. d/ Not applicable to gas-fuelled engines at stage A and stages Bl and B2. e/ For engines with a swept volume below 0.75 dm3 per cylinder and a rated power speed above 3000 revolutions per minute. 278 Table4 Limit values (stage I) for diesel engines for non-road mobile machines (measurement procedure ISO 8178) Net power Tobe Carbon Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Particulate (P) (kW) applied from monoxide (g/kWh) oxides matter . a/ . (f!/k.Wh) . (f!/k.Wh) (f!/k.Wh) 130 ::SP< 31.12.1998 5.0 1.3 . 9.2 0.54 560 75<P<130 31.12.1998 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.70 37 <P < 75 31.03.1998 6.5 1.3 9.2 0.85 a/ W 1th effect from the given date and with the except10n of machmery and engines mtended for export to countries that are not parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall pe1mit the registration, where applicable, and placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the limit values set out in the table. Type approval for an engine type or family shall be refused with effect from 30 June 1998 if it fails to meet the limit values. Note: These limits are engine-out limits and shall be achieved before any exhaust after-treatment service. Table 5 Limit values (stage II) for diesel engines for non-road mobile machines (measurement procedure ISO 8178) Net power Tobe Carbon Hydrocarbons Nit.-ogen Particulate (P) (kW) applied from monoxide (g/kWh) oxides matter a/ (f!/k.Wh) (tvkWh) (tvkWh) 130 ::SP< 31.12.2001 3.5 1.0 6.0 0.2 560 75 <P< 130 31.12.2002 5.0 1.0 6.0 0.3 37::SP <75 31.12.2003 5.0 1.3 7.0 0.4 18 <P <37 31.12.2000 5.5 1.3 8.0 0.8 a/ With effect from the given dates and with the exception of machmery and engmes mtended for export to countries that are not parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the limit values set out in the table, Type approval for an engine type or family shall be refused with effect from twelve months prior to these dates if it fails to meet the limit values. Table6 Limit values for motorcycles and 3- and 4-wheelern (> 50 cm3; > 45 km/h) to be applied . . from 17 June 1999 a1 Eni,?inetvoe Limit values 2-stroke CO= 8 g/km HC=4g/km N0x= 0.1 g/km 4-stroke co= 13 g/km HC= 3 g/km N0x = 0.3 g/km al Type approval shall be refused as from the given date if the vehicle's emissions do not meet the limit values. Note: For 3- and 4-wheelers, the limit values have to be multiplied by 1.5. 279 Table7 Limit values for mopeds (::S 50 cm3 ; < 45 km/h) Stage To be applied from "' Limit values CO(wkm) HC + NOx (wkm) I 17.6.1999 6.0 bl 3,0 bl II 17.6.2002 1,0 Cl 1.2 a/ Type approval shall be refused as from the.given dates 1fthe vehicle's emissions do not meet the limit values. b/ For 3- and 4-wheelers, multiply by 2. c/ For 3- and 4-wheelers, 3 .5 g/km. Table 8 Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with positive~ignition engines Type: Petrol Limits 81 Test Parameter Unit Minimum Maximum Method"' Date of publication Research octane number 95 - EN 25164 1993 Motor octane number 85 - EN 25163 1993 Reid vapour pressure, summer period 01 kPa . 60 EN12 1993 Distillation: Evaoorated at 100°C %v/v 46 . EN-ISO 3405 1988 Evaporated at 150°C %v/v 75 Hydrocarbon analysis: olefins o/ov/v - 18.0"' ASTMD1319 1995 aromatics - 42 ASTMDJ319 1995 benzene - 1 proiect EN 12177 1995 Oxygen content o/om/m - 2.7 EN 1601 1996 Oxygenates: Methanol, stabilizing %v/v - 3 EN 1601 1996 agents must be added Ethanol, stabilizing agents %v/v - 5 EN 1601 1996 may necessary Iso-oroovl alcohol %v/v " 10 EN 1601 1996 Tert-butvl alcohol %v/v " 7 EN 1601 1996 Iso-butyl alcohol %v/v - 10 EN 1601 1996 Ethers containing 5 or more %v/v . 15 EN 1601 1996 carbon atoms per molecule Other oxvgenates ., o/ov/v . 10 EN 1601 1996 Sulphur content mg/kg . 150 Project EN-ISO/DIS 14596 1996 a/ The values quoted m the spec1ficat10n are 'true values'. In the estabhshment of their hm1t values, the terms ofISO 4259, "Petroleum products• Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods oftest", have been applied and, in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall .be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259 (published in 1995). b/ EN - European standard; AS1M • American Society for Testing and Maierials; DIS • Draft international standard. c/ The summer period shall begin no later than 1 May and shall not end before 30 September. For member States with arctic conditions the summer period shall begin no later than 1 June and not end before 31 August and the RVP is limited to 70 kPa. 280 d/ Except for regular unleaded petrol(minimum motor octane number (MON) of 81 and minimum research octane number (RON) of 91), for which the maximum olefin content shall be 21% v/v. These limits shall not preclude the introduction on the market of a member State of another unleaded petrol with lower octane numbers than set out here. . e/ Other mono-alcohols with a final distillation point no higher than the final distillation point laid down in national specifications or, where these do not exist, in industrial specifications for motor fuels. Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2000, petrol can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the environmental specifications set out in table 8. Where a Party determines that banning petrol with a sulphur content which does not comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table 8, but does not exceed the current content, would raise severe difficulties for its industries in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by I January 2000, it may extend the time period of marketing within its territory until I January 2003 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reason for this to the Executive Body. Table9 Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with compression~ignition engines Type: Diesel fuel Parameter Unit Limits., Test Minimum Maxi.mum Method"' Date of publication Cetane number 51 - EN-ISO 5165 1992 Density at l 5°C kg/m3 - 845 EN-1S03675 1995 Distillation point: 95% cc - 360 EN-1S03405 1988 Polvcvclic aromatic hydrocarbons o/om/m - 11 IP'391 1995 Sulphur content mg/kg - 350 Project EN-ISO/ 1996 DIS14596 .. a/ The values quoted m the spec1ficatton are 'true values'. In the establishment ofthelf hm1t values, the terms of ISO 4259, "Petroleum products - Detennination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test", have been applied and, in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R=reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259 (published in 1995). b/ EN - European standard; IP - The Institute of Petroleum; DIS - Draft international standard. Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than I January 2000, diesel fuel can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the environmental specifications set out in table 9. Where a Party determipes that banning diesel fuel with a sulphur content which does not comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table 9, but does not exceed the ctment content, would raise severe difficulties for its industries in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by I January 2000, it may extend the time period of marketing within its te1Titory until 1 January 2003 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reason for this to the Executive Body. 281 Table 10 Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines Type: Petrol Parameter Unit Limits 81 Test Minimum Maximum Method"' Date of publication Research octane 95 EN 25164 1993 number Motor octane number 85 EN 5163 1993 . Reid vapour pressure, kPa summer period Distillation: evaporated at 100°C %v/v - evaporated at I 50°C - Hydrocarbon analysis: olefins %v/v aromatics %v/v - 35 ASTMD1319 1995 benzene %v/v Oxygen content % m/m Sulphur content mg/kg - 50 project EN-ISO/DIS 14596 1996 a/ The values quoted m the spec1ficat1on are 'true values'. In the establishment of their hm1t values, the tenns ofISO 4259, "Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test", have been applied and, in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259 (published in 1995). bl EN - European standard; ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials; DIS - Draft international standard. Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2005, petrol can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the environmental specifications set out in table 10. Where a Party determines that banning petrol · with a sulphur content which does not comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table I 0, but does comply with table 8, would raise severe difficulties for its industries in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by I January 2005, it may extend the time period of marketing within its territory until I January 2007 at the latest. In such .a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instmment of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reason for this to the Executive Body. Table 11 Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines Type: Dieselfuel Parameter Unit Limits., Test Minimum Maximum Method"' Date of publication Cetane number Density at I 5°C Kg/m' - EN 5163 1993 282 Parameter Unit Limits., Test Minimum Maximum Method"' Date of publication Distillation point: 95% oc . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons % . mlm Sulphur content mg/kg . 50 project EN-ISO/DIS 1996 14596 al The values quoted in the specification are 'true values'. In the establishment.of their limit values, the terms ofISO 4259, "Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods oftest", have been applied and, in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken· into account (R =reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259. bl EN - European standard; DIS - Draft intemational standard. Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2005, diesel fuel can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the environmental specifications set out in table 11. Where a Party determines that banning diesel fuel with a sulphur content which does not comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table 11, but does comply . with table 9 ,. would raise severe difficulties for its industries in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by I Januaiy 2005, it may extend the time period of marketing within its territory until I January 2007 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration .to be deposited together with its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reasori for this to the Executive Body. B. Canada 9. New vehicle emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, heavy-duty .engines and motorcycles: Motor Vehicle Safety Act (and successor legislation), Schedule V of the Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations: Vehicle Emissions (Standard 1100), SOR/97-376, (28 July, 1997), as amended from time to time. 10. Canadian Environmental .Protection Act, Diesel Fuel Regulations, SOR/97-110 (4 February, 1997, sulphur in diesel fuel), as amended from time to time. 1 I. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Benzene in Gasoline Regulations, SOR/97-493 (6 November, 1997), as amended from time to time. 12. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Sulphur in Gasoline Regulations, Canada. Gazette, Part II, June 4, 1999, as amended from time to time. C. United States of America 13. Implementation of a mobile source emission control programme for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks and fuels to the extent required by sections 202 (a), 202 (g) and 202 (h) of the Clean Air Act, as implemented through: (a) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 80, Subpatt D - Reformulated Gasoline; (b) 40 C.F.R. Part 86, Subpart A - General Provisions for Emission Regulations; (c) 40 C.F.R. Patt 80, section 80.29 -- Controls and Prohibitions on Diesel Fuel Quality. 283 Annex IX MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF EMISSIONS OF AMMONIA FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES 1. The Parties that are subject to obligations in article 3, paragraph 8 (a), shall take the measures set out in this annex. 2. Each Party shall take due account of the need to reduce losses from the whole nitrogen cycle; A. Advisoty code of good agricultural practice 3. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall establish, publish and disseminate an advisory code of good agricultural practice to control ammonia emissions. The code shall take into account the specific conditions within the territory of the Party and shall include provisions on: Nitrogen management, taking account of the whole nitrogen cycle; Livestock feeding strategies; Low-emission manure spreading techniques; Low-emission manure storage systems; Low-emission animal housing systems; and Possibilities for limiting ammonia emissions from the use of mineral fe1tilizers. Patties should give a title to the code with a view to avoiding confusion with other codes of guidance. B. Urea and ammonium carbonate fertilizers 4. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Patty shall take such steps as are feasible to limit ammonia emissions from the use of solid fertilizers based on urea. 5. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Pmty shall prohibit the use of ammonium carbonate fertilizers. C. Manure application 6. Each Patty shall ensure that low-emission slurry application techniques (as listed in guidance document V adopted by the Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto) that have been shown to reduce emissions by at least 30% compared to the reference specified in that guidance document are used as far as the Patty in question considers them applicable, taking account of local soil and geomorphological conditions, slurry type and farm structure. The timescales for the application of these measures shall be: 31 December 2009 for Parties with economies in transition and 31 December 2007 for other Patties. 11 7. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall ensure that solid manure applied to land to be ploughed shall be incorporated within at least 24 hours of spreading as far as it considers this measure applicable, taking account of local soil and geomorphological conditions and farm structure. 284 D. Manure storage 8. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall use for new sluny stores on large pig and poultry fa1ms of 2,000 fattening pigs or 750 sows or 40,000 poultty, low-emission storage systems or techniques that have been shown to reduce emissions by 40% or more compared to the reference (as listed in the guidance document refetTed to in paragraph 6), or other systems or techniques with a demonstrably equivalent efficiency. 21 9. For existing slurry stores on large pig and poultry fanns of 2,000 fattening pigs or 750 sows or 40,000 poultty, a Party shall achieve emission reductions of 40% insofar as the Party considers the necessaty techniques to be technically and economically feasible.21 The timescales for the application of these measures shall be: 31 December 2009 for Parties with economies in transition and 31 December 2007 for all other Parties. 11 E. Animal housing 10. Within one year from the date of entty into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall use, for new animal housing on large pig and poultty farms of 2,000 fattening pigs or 750 sows or 40,000 poultry, housing systems which have been shown to reduce emissions by 20% or more compared to the reference (as listed in the guidance document referred to in paragraph 6), or other systems or techniques with a demonstrably equivalent efficiency? Applicability may be limited for animal welfare reasons, for instance in straw-based systems for pigs and aviary and free-range systems for poultry. Notes: 1/ For the purpose of the present annex, "a country with an economy in transition" means a Party that has made with its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a declaration that it wishes to be treated as a country with an economy in transition for the purposes of paragraphs 6 and/or 9 of this annex. 2/ Where a Party judges that other systems or techniques with a demonstrably equivalent efficiency can be used for m~nure storage and animal housing in order to comply with paragraphs 8 and 10, or where a Party judges the reduction of emissions from manure storage required under paragraph 9 not to be technically or economically feasible, documentation to this effect shall be reported in accordance with article 7, paragraph 1 (a). . 285 Mfoosn . IIPUTOKOAAO THI: I:YMBM:HI: TOY 1979 rIA TH AIAI\.1E00PIAKH PYlIANI:H THI: ATMOI:ll>AIP Al: I:E MEr AAH AllOET M:H, rIA TH M:EU!EH TH:E 0:SINI:EHI:, TOY EYTPOll>Il:MOY KAI TOY OZONTOI: EE EillnEAO EAA<I>OYE TA :EYMBAMOMENA MEPH, AIIO<l>A:EI:EMENA va 8cpapµ6crou:v 'trJ cruµPaCITJ yta 'trJ 8taµ80optaKT\ a,;µocrcpatptKT\ purravcrri 0"8 µ8ya1'.Tj U1t00"1:UCJ1'1, rNOPIZONTA:E O'Cl ,:a ossi.ota ,:01) ascowu, ,:o Seto, Ot 1t't'fj'ttKBc; opyavtKac; BVC00"8tc; Kat ot avriyµav8c; asmtoux,sc; BVC00'8tc; ax,ouv O'UV080d µs 8mp11,ap8ic; yta 'trjV uyda, ,:01) av0pcorrou Kat ,:o 1t8p1pa,11,A,OV O'UVBitE-:IBc;, <l>OBOYMENA O'Cl O'UV8X,lS81:Ut TJ urrapPacrri 't(OV Kpicrtµmv cpop,imv o~i.vtcrric;, 't(OV Kpicrtµmv cpop,:{mv 0p81t'ttKOU ascowu Kat 't(OV Kpicrtµmv 8ltl1tEO(OV osovwc; yta 'tTJV uyeio, 't01) av0pmnou Kat tTJ PMcr'trJcrri cm no1,,11,6, crriµda crtriv 1t8ptox,i1 ,ric; OtKovoµuo'\c; Em1:pom1c; tmv Hvmµsvmv E0vcov yta 't'fJV Eupco7CTJ, <l>OBOYMENA Eill:EH:E on ot BKnoµnac;. OS8t0t(OV ,:01) asmwu, 0dou Kat 'lttTjtlKOlV opyavtKO)V 8Vffi0"80)V, Ka0mc; Kat 08U'l:8p8UOVtWV pU7tWV, onWc; osov,:oc; Kat 1tpOtOVt(l)V UVttOpUCITJS tTj<; aµµmvfac;, µ8ta<pt\povtat crtriv a1:µocrcpmpa 0'8 µsya.11,ri an6crmcrri Kat µitopd vu ex,ouv Emp11,ap8i.c; 8tuµ80optaKE<; cruven8IB<;, · ANArNOPIZONTA:E on ot BKnoµnec; uno cruµpa11,Mµ8vu µepri sv,oc; 1:ric; 1t8pt0x,~c; tric; . OtKovoµtKT\<; Em1:potjc; tmv Hvmµavmv E0vrov yta tTjV Eupronri cruµpa,11,A,QUV O"'t'fJV a,,:µocrcpatpt~ punuvCIT] as nayKocrµto snt1t800 Kat cr8 8ni.n8oo 11µtcrcpmpiou, Kat avayvmpil;ovtac; to svo8x,oµsvo µµewcpopac; tWV 8K1toµnrov µstUS'U 't:WV Tj1tBtpWV Kat 'trjV ava.yKTj yta 1t8pat1:t\pm BSEtUCT1'J tOU svosx,oµavou uuwu, ANAfNOPIZONTA:E ETII:EH:E on o Kuvuoac; Kat ot Hvmµav8c; 11011,11:s{sc; 't'fJ<; Aµspt~c; Ota1tpayµutsfov1:m otµ8proc; tTj µ8tWCTTj t(l)V BlmOµnrov osctoimv toll. asro1:0u Kat 1C'trj't:llCOlV opyavucc:ov BVOl0'8WV ytu 'trjV UV't:tµ8tC:OntO"l'j '!:OU cputvoµavou 't:OU otUµ80optaKO'U osov1:0c;, ANArNOPIZONTA:E ETIIITAEON 6n o Kavaoa.c; Sa npopd cr8 1t8pattepm µstmcrstc; 1:mv BKnoµnc:ov 0dou ewe; to 2010 µs 'trjV scpupµoy~ 'trj<; 'ILUVKUVUOtKT\c; cr1:patl1'Yt~c; KU'tU 'tl'l<; ostvric; ppox,~c; µeta to 2000 (Canada-wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post -2000), Kat on ot Hvroµavcc; 11011,m:isc; 'trjc; Aµspuo'\c; EX,OUV oscrµeuwi. vu scpapµocrouv npoypaµµa, µdrocrric; t(OV ossto{mv 't:OU asc:otou crnc; UVUtOA,UCB<; Hvmµavsc; 11011,nsisc; 1:qc; AµEpuo'\c; KU0roc; Kat vu µstcocrouv w; EKnoµnec; O"'t:OV paeµo nou x,psta.ssmt yta 'trjV ~Pl'lCTTJ 1:COV E0Vt1CWV npownmv 1t0lO'trj-mc; 'tOU aepa toU 1t6ptpa.11,AOV't0<; OO'OV ucpopa O''tfl. crmµa,,:{ota, AIIO<l>A:EI:EMENA va E<papµocrouv µta npocreyytcrri nou 0(1, ').,a,µpa.vst unO\j/Tj no11,t..(l,1tMc; smmmcrstc; Kat 1tQA,A,fJ.1tA,O'U<; punouc; ytu 'CTJV npOfcTj\j/Tj ~ tTjV 8A,a,X,tCT'C01tOtTjCIT] tric; unapPacrric; t(l)V Kpi.crtµmv cpoptimv Kat snmaorov, AAMBANONTA:E YITO'l'H nc; sKnoµnac; ano optcrµevsc; una.px,oucrsc; opacr1:ript61:riwc; Kat · . sy1camcrtacrs1c;, ot onoisc; su8uvov1:at ytu ta ucptcrtiiµsvu eninsoa atµompatpt~c; punavcrric;, Ka0coc; Kat 'trjV aviinwsri µBAAOVtUCWV OpUO"'t:Tjpto~trov Kat syKUtUO"tU0'800V, rNOPIZONT A:E Ott una.px,ouv tBX,VtKE<; Kat npaK'ttKE<; otax,dptcrric; yta 't:Tj µBtffiCIT] trov 81C1toµncov t(OV 8V Mym oucrtmv, 286 AITO<I>A~Il:MENA va MPovv µii,pa yta 'tT]V np6PAE'1'11, np6tc11'1'11 ft stcax,tcrton:0{11011 'tO)V BKnoµnrov 'tO)V 8V wyro oucrtrov, AUµpavovmc; un:6\j/11 't11V ecpapµoyft 't'r]c; npotc11nnKftc; npocriiyytcr11c;, 6nroc; opisetat cr1:11v apx,ft 1511c; OtaKftpul;11c; 't01) P{o yta 'tO 7teptpanov Kat 't'r]V avanwl;11, EITANABEBAI.0.NONTAk 6n ta Kpa'trJ ex,ouv, ouµcprova µs tov x,ap't'r] trov Hvroµ&vrov E0vrov Kat ttc; apx,e<; toU Ote0vouc; otKUtOU, tO KUplapx,o OtT<airoµa VU BKµB'CUAA.e'UOVW,t 'tt<; 7t11yec; 'tOU<; ouµcprovci µs nsptpallovnKec; Kat avanwl;taKe<; notctttKe<; touc;, Kat 'tTJV 8U0uv11 va oiacrqmtcisovv 6n Qt opacr'tT]pt6tTjtS<; 11:01) sµnlmouv <i'tT] OtKatooocr(a touc; ft unuyovtat crtov e;\.eyx,6 tauc; osv npoKUAO'UV s11µta (j'CQ 7teptPatcA.OV UA,A.O)V Kpatrov ft nspiox,rov 8Kt6c; 'tO)V op{rov 't11S s0vucric; t01J<; OtKatooocr{ac;, 'EXONT AI: EITifNO~H t11c; avayK11c; yta µta OtKOVOµtKft nsptcpspstaKft av-uµstromcrri 1:11c; atµocr<patptKftc; pooo,vcrric;, 7t01J 0a AUµpavst 1J1tO\lf11 'tt<; ucptcrtaµsvsc; µsml;u 'tO)V x,roprov Otacpopec; roe; npoc; nc; sm?i,;c:ocrstc; Kat to K6crtoc; sAU't'tffi<irJ<; ,;rov punrov, l:HMEIONONTA~ 'tr] rn1µavttKT) cruµPotcft tau totromcou Kat tau µ11 K1Jpspv11nKou wµfo <i't'r]V an6K't'r]<irJ yvrocrsrov ym nc; smn,;rocrstc; nov cruvoiiov,m µs nc; sv Myro oucrlec; Km nc; om0fotµB<; 'tBX,VtKiic; µsirocrric;, Kat 'trJ cruµpotcft ,;ouc; 01:11 µsirocrri 1:rov BKnoµnrov O'trJV m;µ6mpa.tpa, 'EXONT AI: KATA NOY 6n ta µatpa nou 11,11cp011Kav yta 'trJ µsirocrri trov sKnoµnc:ov 0slou, ol;sio{rov 'tol) asrotou, aµµrov(ac; Km 1tt11'tlKC:OV opyavtKC:OV svrocrsrov OBY npiinet va U7tO'CSAO'UV µfoo au0a{pe't'r]c; ft UOtKatOAO"f11'tT]<; otaKptcr11c; ft cruyKSTCUAl)µµevou nsptoptcrµou St<; pupae; 't01J Ots0VOU<; UVtayrovicrµou Kat sµn;op{ou, AAMBANONTAk YTIO'I'H -uc; 1Caku1:spsc; om0fotµsc; smcr'tT]µovtKac; Kat tsx,vtKe<; yvc:ocrsic; Km oaooµeva yta 'ti<; 81C1tOµnec;, tt<; a,;µocrcpatpt!CES otspyamsc; Km 'tt<; smntrocrsic; tO)V 8V Myro oucrtrov O'trJV uysia wu av0pc:onou Km to nsptPatcwv, Ka0roc; Kat crto 1c6cr1:oc; µs{rocn'ic; wuc;, Kat avayvropisovtac; 1:11v avu'Y!C11 Pstci;{rocrric; 'tffiV yvrocrsrov 0,l)'t(DV Kat cruvex,1crric; 'tr]<; CT'\JVspyacrlac; m, en:tcr'tT]µOVtlCO Kat tsX,VtlCO 87tt7t800 yta 't11V 7t8pattEpro TCUW.VOll<irJ 'tO)V 0sµa,:roy UU'l:WV, kHMEIQNONTAk 6n 'CO npro1:6KOA.AO CTX,81:tKa µs ,:ov BAB"fX,O ,:rov BTCnoµn:cov ol;eto{rov ,:01) 11.scotou ft 'tr]<; otaµs0optaKftc; µsw.cpopuc; tol)(;, 11:01) syKpt011Ks Cl'tT] '.l:6cpta crnc; 31 OK1:ropptou 1988, Ka0cbc; Kat w npro1:61COA,A,O crx,snKa µs tov e;\.eyx,o trov sKnoµnrov 1tt11rncrov opyavucrov svrocrsrov ft 1:11c; otaµs0op1aKftc; µstacpopuc; touc;, 7t01) S"fKpi011Ks CT'tT] fsv&UT] crttc; 18 Nosµppiou 1991, npof3Mnouv 11011 tov e;\.eyx,o trov BKnoµncov ol;sililrov tau 11.srotou Km 71:'tTJ'tlKrov opyavtKcov svcocrsrov, 1<:m 6it m 1:sx,vtKa napap,:ftµata aµcpoteprov trov nprotoK6Urov nsptiix,ouv fto111:sx,vucft 1Ca00011r11crri yta 'CT] µsirocrri 't(J)V 8V Myro 81C1t:0µ1trov, kHMEIONONTA'.l: EITikH'.l: 6n to nprot6Kotctco crx,snKa µs 1:11v nspattepro µBirocrri 1:rov BKnoµnrov 0aiou, nou syKpi011Ks crto 'Ocrtco crrn; ·14 Iouviou 1994, npopMm::t 11011 'tr] µsirocrri trov sKnoµnrov 0aiou µs m6x,o 'trJ cruµpotcft cr1:11 µeirocrri trov 61;ivrov svano0fosrov µstcovovmc; tic; mrnppacraic; trov Kpicrtµrov svano0fosrov 0aiou, nou anoppeovv a.no Kpicnµa ~opi:ia ol;u'tT]mc; avaA.oya µs 'tOV pa,0µ6 cruµµstox,ftc; 'COJV ol;r::ioroµ&vrov 0staux,rov svcocrsrov Cl''t'r] <i1JVOAUCl7 6l;tv11 svan60scrri ,:o 1990, Ll-IlvIBinNONTAk IIBPAITEPQ 6tt ,:o nap6v npro1:61C0Mo anow;\.e{ 'CT]V npco'tT] cruµcprovia, Km:' scpapµoyft 1:11c; ouµPacrric;, 7t01J acpopu BtOtKa crttc; av11yµ&vsc; asrotoux,sc; svrocrstc;, 'EXONTAk KATA NOY 6n 11 µsirocrri trov sTCnoµncov 1:rov 8V Myro oucrtcov µnopei va napucrx,st np6cr0sta ocpaA.11 yta wv ii;\.eyx,o unrov punrov, cruµnspttcaµpavoµ&vrov stot1C61:apa trov 287 6ta.µs0opta.KC!lY a.spot.uµa:i;coy OEU1:spoyEYOOY crcoµa.no{COY, 11:01) ex,ouv Ent7t'COOCTStc; CT'CT\Y uys{a, ,:01) a,y0pronou cruvoa6µevsc; µs 'CTJY etc0scrri cre·a.spocpap6µma. crcoµmt8ta., 'EXONTAZ KATA NOY ETIIZHI: 'CT\Y a,ya;yKTJ a.n:ocpuyiJc;, CT'COY pa.0µ6 ,:01) s<pttc'COU, 'CT\c; "-TJ'l'T\c; µetpcoY yta. 'CT\Y e7tttEU~TJ tCOY crtcomoY tou :n:a.p6v-coc; :n:pcot0K6A-'>,ou, ,:a, onoia. 0a. smoetYc:ocrouv aA-M n:pop1.1Jµma. cruYa.<p1J µa TrJY uyaia. tcm to m:pipa,:>.,:>.,oy, l:HMEIONONTAZ 6tt ,:a, µe,:pa, 11:01) A.l]<p0l]Ka.v yta. 'CT\ µdcocrri 'CCOY stcn:oµn:roY O~lltotCOY 'C01) a.l;rotou Ka.t a.µµcoy{a,c; :n:pen:Et ya, A,a,µpayouv 1)1CO~ITJ 'COY :n:t.fipTJ p10yscoxriµ1tc6 Kl)l(A,0 ,:01) a.l;c:otou Ka.t, CT'COY pa.0µ6 'COU E<pttc'COU, ya, µ17v :n:potca.A.OUV a,u~ricrri 'CCOY Etcn:oµ:n:roY opa.cr'CtKOU a.l;rotou, cruµ:n:sptA,a,µpa,yoµevou ,:01) u1wsstofou 'C01) a.l;rotou, 11:01) 0a. µ:n:opoucra.v va. E1CtOEtVC:Ocrouv (XA,A,(I, npop1.1Jµa.ta. cruYa.<p1J µs to 6./;mto, rNOPIZONTAl: 61:1 'CO µe0aYtO Ka.t 'CO µovo~StolO ,:01) av0pmca. 11:01) etcn:aµ:n:ovta.t a.n:6 a.v0pron:tYEc; opa.cr'CT\plO'CT\'Ce<; cruµpa.t.A-OUV, :n;a,poucr{a, ossio{mv ,:01) al;cfn:ou Ka.t 1t'CT\'l:l1COOV opya.YtKCOY sycocrsmv, cr1:0Y crxriµa.ncrµ6 tpon:ocr<pa.tpttcou 6/;oYtoc;, ica.t rNOPIZONTAZ ETIII:HZ ttc; ornµsucrstc; :n:ou ex,ouv aYa.Mpe11:a. cruµpa.:>.,Mµma. µepT\ pa.crst 1:11c; cruµPa.crric;•rcA.a.tcrtOU 1:mY HYmµevmv E0vrov yta. nc; tltµmticec; a,).A,a,yer,, ZYM<I>ONHZAN TA AKOJ\OY@A: Ap0po 1: Opu:rµoi fta touc; crtco:n:ouc; 1:ou na.p6vtoc; :n:pmtotc6A-MU, me;: 1. «cruµPacrri» YOEt'Ca.t TJ cruµPa.crri yta. 'CT\ ota.µs0optaKTj pu:n:a.vcrri 'CT\c; a.tµ6cr<pa.tpa.c; crs µsya:>.,11 a.n:6cna.crri, :n:ou syicpi0TJKE CT'CT\ fEVEUT\ crw; 13 Noeµppfou 1979 2. «EMEP» Yos{,:a,t to CT1)V'COYtcrµevo :n:p6ypaµµa OUYEX,OU<; sn:iPM'l'TJS Kat astoA-OYT\O'T\S 'CT\S µs,:a,cpopa.c; a1:µocrcpmpucroy pu:n:mY crs µsyat.T\ a:n:6CT'CUO'T\ O''CT\V Eupm7tT1· 3. «sictsMcrttK6 6pyayo» Yosti:m to E1C1:sMcmK6 6pyaYo 'CT\c; ZuµPacrric; :n:ou crucr1:a0lJKE p6.crst 1:'T]c; :n:apayp6.cpou l ,:ou ap0pou 10 tl]<; cruµPacrric;· 4. «E:n:t1:po:n:1J» YOEt1:a.l T\ OtKOYOµtKl] Emtpo:n:1J tmY HYcoµevmv E0vroY yta 'CT\Y Eupro:n:rr 5. «cruµpat.Mµma µEpl]» VOOUV'Cat, SK'C6c; aYtt0E'CO'U un:6ostsT\S crto KEtµEYO, 'CO, cruµpa1.Mµma, µepT\ tou :n:ap6vtoc; :n:pmtoK6t.A.ou· 6. «yscoypacptic6 :n:sofo tou EMEP» voshm TJ rcsptox,iJ n:ou Ka0opll;stm P6.crst tT]c; na,pa,yp6.cpou 4 tOU ap0pou 1 'COU n:pm'toKOA-A,01) 'CT\c; cruµpaO'T\c; 1:01) 1979 yta 'CTJ 8ta.µs0optctKTj a1:µocr<pa.tptKiJ pun:aYcrri crs µsy6.:>.,11 an:6cr,:a,O'T\ crx,snic6. µs tT] µaKponp60scrµ1'] x,p11µa,1:0o6'CTJO'T\ ,:01) cruvtOYtcrµevou n:poyp6.µ µa,1:oc; O'UYSX,OU<; sn:{PM'l'TJc; Kat asioMyT]crric; 'CT\S µs,:a,cpop6.c; a1:µocrcpatpt1CCOY pu:n;my crs µsyat.ri an6crtacrri Ci'l:'TJV Eupcon:ri (EMEP), 11:01) syKpi811tcs cr'CT\ feVE'UTJ crnc; 28 Zs:n:wµppiou I 984· 7. «EKnoµ:n;1J» yod1:a.t TJ etluCilJ µtac; oucr{a.c; crt11Y a1:µ6cr<pmpa an:6 eva Ciljµsio 11 µta. mwiJ otriXUO'T\S' 8. «osdota 'COU a/;OJtoU» VOO'UYtat 'CO µovossioto '!:OU a(;rotou Kat to oto~s{oto 'COU a(;co.,:ou, llK<ppa/;6µeVa me; OlOSeioto 'COU a~COtoU (N02)• 288 9. ((UVT\yµevec; a/;COWUXBc; BVWCmc;» VOOUV'tat T\ aµµcov{a Kat 'ta 7tpO'iOV'tU UV'J:tOpUCTT]c; UU'CT]c;· 10. «0efo» VOO'UV'tat DA.Ee; at 0etouxec; BVWcrntc;, EK<ppa/;6µmec; coc; oto/;eioto 'toU 0eiou (S02)• 11. «·'lt'tT\'ttKac; opyavtKac; mcbcretc;» it «VOC» voouvmt, eKt6c; av opit;sw.t 6."A.'A.o n, 6A.Ec; at opyavucac; mdicre½ av0pconoymouc; cpuCTTJc;, sK1:6c; wu µe0av{ou, irou eivm tKavsc; va itapa.youv <pCO'tOXT\µtKa o/;etoCO'ttKCI. µfoco a,vnopa.CTECOV µe o/;s{ota, 'tOU USOl'tOU napoucr{a rtAtaKou cpco1:6c;· 12. «Kp{mµo cpoptfo» voeimt µta irocrontj BK1:iµrtCTT] TI\<; fa0eCTT]c; cre evav it irsptcrcro,:spouc; puirouc; K(l't(O a,ir6 'tT\V onoia, cruµcpcova µe w; uira.pxoucrec; yvcbcrw;, OBV oriµtoupyouv,:m CTT]µavnKac; emf3"A.af3e{c; emn,:cocretc; cre cruyKeKptµeva euaicr0ri1:a cr1:cJtxeia 1:ou neptf36.Uovmc;· 13. «Kpimµsc; cr1:6.0µei;» voouvwt at cruyKBV'tpmcretc; pu7tcov 01:riv a1:µ6crcpmpa, navco am\ nc; onoiei; µnope{ va uira.pl;ouv, cruµcpcova µa nc; uira.pxoucrsc; yvcbcrstc;, 6.µscrm; smf3"A.af3e{c; smn,:rocrB½ crs anoMK1:sc;, 6ncoc; av0pronouc;, cpu1:6., oucocrucrtitµam it u"A.tKa.· 14. «nBptoxit ow.xstptCTT]c; 8K1toµndiv puncov» it «PEMA» voehat µw. 7t8ptoxit nou npocrotop{t;smt mo napap'tT\µa III, cruµcpcova µe ta opt/;6µEVU O"tT\V napaypacpo 9 '1:01) 6.p0pou 3· 15. «crm0spit nririt» voshm onotoliitno,:e cr1:a0sp6 K'tipto, ooµit, crucrKsuit, eyKa1:6.crmcrri it el;oir1ctcrµ6c;, nov BKnaµnst it µnopei va eKnaµIJlet 6.µecra it sµµecra crtriv a,:µ6crcpmpa 0eio, o/;etota 'tOU USW'tOU, '1t'tT\'ttK8<; opyaVtKac; BVOJO'ctc; it aµµcov{a• 16. «veu crm0epit 7tTtYit» voeb:m onataoitno,:e cr,:a0epit nmit, TI\<; onoiac; rt KamCTKeuit it 11 CTT]µavn1cit µemcrKeuit 6.px1crs µe,:6. w nepac; m6c; s,:ouc; an6 TI\V riµepoµrivia avapl;ric; 't11c; tcrxuoc; '1:01) nap6vwc; npco'tOKOA.A.OU. Evan6KBt'tat crw; apµ6omc; e0VtKsc; apxsc; vu anocpacr{t;ouv eav rt tpononoiricrrt eivm crriµavntj, it oxi, 1caµl36.vovwc; un61Jlrt cruvteA£01:sc; 6ncoc; ,:a nsptl3a"A."A.ovnK1i ocpa1cri TI\c; µe1:acr:iceuitc;. Ap0po 2: I:'1:6xoc; ,:ou nap6vwc; npco1:01c6"A.A.Ou s{vm o sAEYXoc; Kat rt µsicocrri 1:cov sKnoµncov 0efou, ol;stliicov mu at;onou, aµµcoviac; Kat 1tTI\'ttKc:ov opyavtKrov mc:ocrecov nou nap6.yov1:m an6 av0pconoyeveic; opacr'tr\pt6-cri1:ec; Kat eivm ouva1:6v va sxouv e7ttf3"A.af3eic; emm:c:ocrev; cr't11v uysia 1:ou av0pcoirou, cr1:a cpucrtKci otKocrucr'tTjµm:a, cr,:a u"A.tK6. Kat crtti; Ka"A.1ctspyeiec;, Myco ol;iv1cr11c;, eu,:pocpicrµou it crmµancrµou 6/;ovwc; cre enfnsoo eoacpouc;, cruvensia otaµe0optaKitc; a-cµocrcpmptKitc; µemcpopa.c; cre µey6.1cri an6crmcr11, Kat rt otacrcp6."A.icr11, crwv f3a0µ6 mu ecptKmu, 61:t, µaKponp60ecrµa Km µe CT'tUOtaKTj npocrayytcrri, A.Uµ/36.vovmc; 1J7tOIJIT\ 'tti; 7tpo6oouc; 'CT\<; E7ttCTTI\µOVtKTjc; yvcocr11c;, at atµocrcpatptKac; BVU7to0foetc; it cruyKevtprocmc; OBV uirepf3a{vouv: a) yta 'CU µspri BV'tOS 'CO'U yecoypa<ptKO'U ireoiou '1:01) EMEP Kat '1:01) Kavaoa, ,:a, Kptcrtµa cpoptfa ol;ivtcrric;, 6ncoc; neptyp6.cpovmt cr,:o nap6.p't1lµa I· 13) yta m µsp11 BV'tO<; 1:01) yecoypa<ptKO'U neoiou 'tOU EMEP, 'tU Kpicrtµa cpop-cia 0pem:tKou at;c:owu, 6ncoc; m:ptypacpovtm crm napap'tr\µa I, Kat y) yia ,:o 6/;ov: Ap0po 3: 289 i) yw. ta µepri evt6c; 1:Q'I) yeroypa<ptKO'U neoiou 'COU EMEP, ni; Kpknµec; cmi8µec; 6l;ov1:0i;, 6nroi; avacpepovtm cno nap6.p1:riµa I· ii) yta tov KavaM; ,:o navKavaotK6 np6wno yta 1:0 6/;ov (Canada-wide Standard for ozone) Kat iii) yta w; Hvroµevec; IIo'.,\,i,:siec; 1:TJ<; AµsptKi\c;, ,:o e8vtK6 np6,:uno 1tot61:rJi:ac; ,:ou aiipa .,:ou nepipa.'.,\,'.,\,ovi:oc; 6crov acpopa. cr,:o 61;ov, 1. Ka.Se µepoc; nou exet avcbta,:o 6pt0 eKnoµncbv, ,:o onofo avacpepetm cre nivaKa ,:ou 1ta.pap1:1',µa.1:0c; II, µstrovst Kat ota'l:Tjpe{ 1:TJ µsirocrri 1:rov s1:11crirov eKnoµncbv tou Ka1:a. 1:0 sv Myro a.vcb,ato 6pt0 Kat nc; XPOVtKei; KAtµa.Kcbcreii; nou npocrotopil;ovtat cr,:o ev Myro napa.p'l:Tjµa. Ka8e µepoc; BM'YXBt, Km:' eMxmw, nc; e1:11criec; sKnoµnec; i:ou cre punoy6voui; svcbcretc;, cruµcprova µe w; unoXPBcbcrw:; nou ava.cpiipov,a.t mo na.pa.p'l:Tjµa. IL 2. Ka.es µepoc; ecpapµ61;et nc; opta.Kec; nµec; 7t0U op{l;ovw.t (11:0. na.pap1:11µaw. IV, V KUt VI yta. K6.8e vea. cr1:a.8epi\ 1tTJYT\, nou eµni:nwt crs µta Ka,riyopia crw.8epcbv 1tTJ'Y<DV, 6moc; npocrotop{l;ov,at crw. ev Myro napa.pti\µa.m, svt6c; 'IT]c; xpovttjc; 1CA.tµa.Krocrric; nou opil;stat cri:o na.pa.p'IT]µa. VII. Eva'.,\,'.,\,a.KnKcoc;, eva µiiprn; O'UVO.tat vu scpapµ6cm otacpopenKiic; crtpa'IT]ytKsc; µeirocrric; trov sKnoµnrov nou sm,:uyx&.vouv moouvaµa. cruvo'.,\,tKa. mineoa sKnoµmbv yta 6'.,\,ec; nc; K0.1:TJ'YOpiei; 1tTJ'YCOV a.8potcrttK6.. 3. K6.0s µepoc;, ecp6crov sivat i:sxvuca. Kat otKovoµtK6. s<ptKt6 Kat '.,\,uµpavovmc; un61j!TJ 1:0 K6cr1:0c; Kat ,:a, n'.,\,eovSK'Cllµaw., scpapµ61;st nc; opta.Ksc; nµec; nou op{l;ov,at cr,:a, napa.p1:11µata IV, V Kat VI yta. K6.8s ucptcr1:6.µev11 crm0spi\ 1tTJ'YT\ nou sµni:ntst crs µta K0.1:TJ'YOpia. crm8sprov n11yrov, 6nroc; npocrotopil;ovmt cn:a. sv Myro na.pa.p1:11µa.1:a, ev1:6c; 1:rov XPOVtKrov KA.tµa.Kcocrsrov nou npocrotop{l;ov,:at crto napa.p'l:Tjµa. VII. Eva.'.,\,'.,\,a.KttKcoc;, eva µepoc; O'UVO.'Cat va. eqiapµ61;et Ota.<pOpettKB<; cr,:pa'l:TjytKsc; µsicocrric; 'CCOV 8K1toµnrov nou sm,:uyxavouv tcroouva.µa O'UVOA.tK(J, enineoa 6K1toµncbv yta 6'.,\,ec; nc; K0.1:TJ'YOPtBS a8potcrttKa, T\ 'Yta. ,:a µepTJ 8Kt6c; ·i:ou yscoypa<ptKOU neoiou toU EMEP, a.u-i:ec; nou a.nat'CO'l>V'Cat yta 'IT]V e7ttt8USTJ 'CCOV e8vuccbv Kat nsptcpepstmcrov CT'CO%COV yta. 1:TJ µs{COCTTJ 'IT]<; OSlVtCTTJ<; Kat 1:TJV 'CllPTJCTTJ 'CCOV e8vtK@V itpO'tU7tCOV 1t0t01:Tjt0.<; 'COU a.spa. 4. Ot opta.Kec; ttµec; ym 1:0uc; vfouc; Kat touc; ucptcr,6.µsvouc; MPriwc; Kat 8epµav1:11pec; 8wpya.crtrov µs ovoµa.crtttj 8spµttj tcrxu TJ onoia urcsppa{vet ta 50 MWth Kat ta. vfo papfo oxi\µma uno'.,\,oyil;ov,:m an6 ,a µsp11 de cruve8p{acrri wu EKte'.,\,ecrmcou opyavou µs crKon:6 'tTJV 1:pon:on:o{ricr11 tcov napap'l:Tjµa.1:cov IV, V Kat VIII sv1:6c; Mo e,:cbv to apy6wpo µs,:6, 'CTJV Tjµ6pOµTJV10. BVUPSTJc; tcrx;uoc; 'COU 1tap6v1:0c; 1tpC01:0KO~A.OU. 5. K6.8e µepoc; e<pap~t6/;Bt nc; optaKsc; nµsc; yta ta KO.Ucrtµa Kat nc; veec; KlVTJ'CBc; 11:TJY!l<; nou npocrotopH;ovtat O',:O napap'l:Tjµa VIII, 8Vt6c; 'CCOV XPOVtKCOV tltµUKCOCTBCOV 11:0U npocrotop{l;ovtat cr,:o napa.p'l:Tjµa VIL 6. Ka.es µiipoc; scpapµ61;st nc; KClA,'UtepBc; ota.8ecrtµBc; 1:6%\'tKiic; yta. nc; KtVTJtB<; 1tTJY8<; Kat yta Ka8s vfo 11 U<ptcrt<lµBVTJ crta.8epi\ 7tTJYT\, '.,\,a,µpavovmc; U7t0\j/TJ ta Ka.teU8uv1:fJpta eyypa<pa I scoc; V 11:0U 6VeKptVe to 8K't6A.€CT't:tKO 6pyavo CT'l:TJ OBKCl'tTJ iipooµri cruvdip{a.crri ,:01) ( a.n6cpa.crri 1999/1) Kat tic; tpononou',crsu; a,u,:rov. 7. Ka.86 µspoc; '.,\,uµpavst 1C(ltCJ.A.ATJA.Cl µiitpa pamcrµeva, µs,asu 6,)...'.,\,rf,v' cre emcr1:11µovtK<l Kat otKovoµtKa. Kptti\pta. yta 'tTJ µsicocrri 1:cov sKnoµnrov m:111:tKcbv opya.vtKcbv evrocrscov nou cruvllBov,:m µe 1:TJ XPT\CTTJ npot6vtcov nou 8ev nept'.,\,uµpavovtat cr,:a, napa.ptfJµa.m V1 ~ VIII. To a.py6tep0 µexpt 'IT] b6'U't:6pTJ CTUVBOpfoCTT] 1:0U 61C'tBA.€0''ttKO'U opyaVOU U7t0 1:TJV BVClPSTJ 11'\<; tcrx;uoi; wu na.p6v1:0c; npco1:0K6'.,\,'.,\,ou, ,:a, µepri essi:a.t;ouv optaKiic; 1:tµec; yia 1:TJV nspIBKttKO'IT]ta. crn ntTJ'CtKec; opya.vtKec; evrocrntc; 1:cov npot6v,:rov nou oev nsptA.aµp&.vovta.t cr1:a. na.pa.pti\µa.i:a VI it 290 VIII, 1<a8cil(; Kat XPOVtKec; tltµaKcocrEtc; yta TllV e<papµo')'ll 'tOW optaKcov nµcov, npoKEtµwou va u106sTI1crouv eva napap1:TJµa ym 1:a av Mym npot6vm, cruµn:EptAaµpavoµevmv Kpt'CTJp{mv yta triv E7ttAO')'it 'COU<;, 8, Ka0E µepoc;, µE TllV Ent(fl'UAaSTJ 'CTJ<; napaypa<pou 10: a) E<papµ61,;et, Ka,:' eMx,icrto, 1:a µstpa EMyx,ou 1:mv eK1toµncov aµµmv{ac; nou opil;ovtai crto napaptTJµa IX, Kat P) E<papµ61,;st, 6nou 1:0 0smps{ Ka'tUMTJAO, nc; KaM1:Epsc; ota8fo1µsc; tEx,vucec; yta 'tTJV n:p6ATJ~!TJ Kat 'CTJ µsimCTTJ tow EKn:oµmbv aµµmviac;, 6nwc; ava<pepovwt crto KatEu0uvTijpto eyypa<po V 7t0U EVBKptVB 'CO BK'CBABCTttK6 6pyavo CTT!l OBKU'CTJ epooµTj cruvsopiacrit 'COU ( an:6<paCTTj 1999/1) Kat ttc; 1:pononotitcrstc; au1:0u, 9. H napaypa<poc; 10 1crx,us1 ')'ta KU0s µepoc;: a) wu onoiou ri cruvoAtKrt x,spcraia sm<pavata unappaivst ,:a 2 BKawµµupm 1:81:pa')'OOVlKU X,tAt6µstpa• P) 'COU onoiou Ot BTijcrtBc; BK'/toµnsc; 0dou, osa1o{mv 1:0U al,;cotou, a,µµmviac; it/Kat 7t'CTJ'ClKCOV opyavtK(l)V evrocrsmv, nou cruµpciMOUV CT'CTJV osiVtCTTj, 'tOV 8Utpo<ptcrµ6 it to crxr1µcmcrµ6 61,;ovmc; O"E nepwx,ec; un6 'CTJ oucmooocr(a sv6c; it neptcrcrotsprov aMOOV µspcbv, npospx,ovtat KUpimc; an6 nsptox,it un6 'CTJ otKmooocria 1:0u, T] onoia x,apaK1:TJpil;B1:m me; PEMA cr1:0 napap'CTjµa III, Kat to ono{o BX,Bl unopaABt npoc; to'U'COU tBKµY]pt<DCTTj cruµcpwva µs to O"'COtX,Eio y) y) 'CO onoio BX,El unoPaABt Kata tT]V un:oypacpit, TllV lCl)pOOcrt], TllV anoooxit it T11V eyKptcrrJ wu nap6vwc; npro1:01C6AAOU, it Ka1:a T11V npocrx,cbpT]CTTJ tou crs auto, nsptypa<pit 1:0u yswypa<ptKou nsoiou µme; it naptcrcr6wpmv PEMA yta wav it nsptcrcr61:epouc; punouc;, µs crx,snKl't tmcµTjpiroCTTJ, npoKstµevou va cruµnsptATJ<p0st crto napaptT]µa III, Kat o) 'tO onoio sx,et OT]AC.00"81 Ka1:ci 1:T]V unoypacpit, 'CTJV lCl)POOCTTJ, 1:T]V anooox,it it 'CTJV syKptCTTJ 1:0u nap6vtoc; n:pmtoK6AAOu, it Kata 1:TJV npocrx,ropricrit wu crs auto, tT]V np60rnit tou va EVEp')'EL cruµcpmva µE 'CTJV napoucra napaypa<po, I 0. Ka0s µspoc; yta to onoio tcrx,(>at 11 napoucra napaypa<poc;: a) eav ppiCTKs1:m svt6c; 1:0u ysmypa<ptKou nsoiou 1:0u EMEP, cruµµop<pcova1:at µs 1:1c; om1:asstc; 1:0u nap6vtoc; ap0pou Km 1:0u napapTijµa1:0c; .JI µ6vo sv1:6c; Tll<; crx,an1cl'tc; PEMA yta KU0E puno ')'ta 'tOV onoio cr'tO n:apcip'C'fjµa III 1tEptAaµpavs1:at µta PEMA un6 'tT] OtKatooocria 'tOU it P) eav oev pp{CTKs1:m svt6c; wu ysmypa<ptKou neoiou wu EMEP, cruµµop<pcovswt µs nc; otatassic; trov napaypa<pmv I, 2, 3, 5, 6 Kat 7 Kat 'tOU napapTijµawc; II, µ6vo svt6c; 'CT]<; crx,snKl'tc; PEMA ')'ta Ka0s puno (ose{ota 'tOU al,;cbtou, 0sio, it/Kat 7t'tT]tlKB<; opyavtKec; svcocrsic;) ')'ta 'WV onoio crto napapTllµa III 7tEptAUµpavsmt µta PEMA un6 1:TJ otKatOoocr{a 'tOU, Kat OBV uitOXPBOUtat va cruµµop<pcovswt µs TllV nap&,ypa<po 8 crs onmaoitnotE nspt0x,it s~min:tst cr'tY] OlKatOoocria 'tOU, 291 11. 0 Ka.va.ouc; Kilt m Hvcoµevm; IloA.t'tBtB<; 'tT\<; Aµapua']c;, KU'l:a, 'CT\V KUPCOO'T\, 'tTJV Cl'/tOOoxfl it 'tTJV syKptCJ'T\ WU na.p6v1:0c; 7tpffi'COK6A.A.01l, it Ka.'Ca, 'tTJV 7tpOO'XOlPT\CTTJ tom; 0"8 a.m6, unopaA.AOUV m:o eK-raA.8otuc6 6pya.vo -rte; a.vtfcrwixac; oacrµaucretc; wuc; yta µstcomi tcov BKnoµmhv 6crov a.cpopa. crto 0sfo, ta. ol;eiom tou a.~rotou 1cat ttc; nt11ttKsc; opya.vtKsc; avrocrmc;, oocrta va. avcrmµa.tco0ouv a.utoµatO)(; crto na.pap'tTjµa. IL . 12. Ta. µep11, un6 'C}lV ,eittq>UA.U/;11 'COU a.1tO'C8A.Scrµa.toc; 't'llc; npw1:11c; ClVUCTKO'ltT\O'T\<; 'tT]<; 1tpopA.81t6µavqc; CT'tTJV na.pa,ypucpo 2 'CO'U ap0pou 10 Km to a.py6tapo svu B'tO<; µa-ca 't'llV owtlitpmmi a.utjc;, upx,fl;ouv omnpuyµa.-caumnc; yta 't'llV a.vaA}llj/TJ nepm-cspm unox,peoocrnrov µBlffiO'T\<; 'CffiV eK7tOµnoov. A.p0po 4: AvtllAAU"{1\ 1tA:T}pocpopuov Ko:t 'tEXVOAOyim; 1. Ka.es µapoc;, 'tTJpoovmc; 'tTJ voµo0acria., -couc; Ka.vovtcrµouc; Kat nc; npa.KnKB<; -rou Kat cruµcpmva. µe ,:ic ; •unoxpsoocretc; -cou 611:roc; a.n:opp!\ouv a.n:6 to n:a.p6v . n:pm-c6KOA.A.o, 8T]µt0upyai auvoi:1cec; cruv0itKe<; ym 't11 8teuK6A.uvmi 'tT]<; a.vmA.A.a.YTJ<; n:1npo<popubv, ,qvo1oytoov Km 'teXVtKoov, µe cr-r6xo 'tTJ µeiffiCTTJ 'CffiV BKn:oµn:oov 0s{ou, o/;atO{rov toU a.~ootou, a.µµrov{a.c; .Kut 71:'tTjttKOOV opya.vtKrov eVrocrsmv, n:pom0wvta.c;, µa-ca.1;'6 aUmv: a.) 't'llV a.van:rul;n Kat 'tT}V eVl'jµspmcrri pa,cramv oaooµsvcov yw, i:tc; Ka.M,;epec; ota.0smµac; wx,vtKsc;, cru~tn:sptA.a.µpa.v6µsvmv eKaivcov n:ou a.ul;civouv 't'llV svepystma'] a.n:6/iomi, yta. ,:ouc; Kaucrtitpsc; x,a.µri11,wv sn:maomv eKn:oµm'tc; Km yta. ,:qv op0fJ nspipa.A.A.OvttKfJ npa.KnKfJ crtn yempyio: P) 'tT}V UV'CUA.A.Uyf] 71:ATJpOq>Optoov Kut sµn:etpia.c; ytu 'tT}V a.van:w/;11 µam<poptKCOV crua't'llµatrov n:ou pun:a.ivouv Aty6-repo· y) ttc; aµsaec; pwµnxa.vtKB<; sn:ucpsc; Kut 'tTJ cruvspya.aia., cruµneptA.a.µpa.voµevow Kotvcov smx,sipitaemv, Ka.t 2. Ilporo0oov-ca.c; i;ic ; 8pa.at11pt6tTj1:B<;, ot on:oiec; opi~ovrm O''C}lV napaypa.cpo 1, Ka0e µspoc; Ol'jµtoupyd suvo'iKB<; cruv0f]Kec; yta. 1:11 8rnuK6A.uvmi trov en:a.cprov Ka.t -rric; cruvspya.aia.c; µeml;u a.pµooirov opya.v~aµrov Km a.-c6µrov awv t8tmnK6 ,cm 8tjµ6crto wµfo nou dvm crs 6fo11 va. n:poaq>spouv 'Ce;(VOA.Oyia., axsota.crµ6 Km µµrixa.voAoytKS<; unripacriec;, e/;07tA.tcrµ6 it XP11µ<1.1:0otKovoµtKsc; 1l'ICT\pscrisc;. A.p0po 5: Euau:iG11-ronofa1cr11 wu 1co1vou 1. Ka0e µapoc;, 't}lpoovta.c; 'tTJ voµo0scria., WU<; KUVOVtcrµouc; Kut nc; n:pUK'ttKS<; 'COU, npoco0e{ 'tT}V nupox,it 7tA.}lpO<poptoov crto eupu KOWO, auµnspt11,aµpa.voµsvrov n:A.11po<poptrov ytu: a) ttc; s0vucsc; s'Cf]arnc; 81C1toµnsc; 0sfou, ol;etOicov ,:OU a.srowu, a.µµo.w{a.c; Kett 71:'tT}'.[tKOOV opya.vtKoov svrocrsmv Ka.0roc; Kat ,:qv np6ooo ·npor; -r11v Kawu0uvcrri -cric; cruµµ6pcpcomir; µe -ca. e0vtK!l a.vona.-ra. 6pm eimoµn:oov it ClA.A.8<; un:oxpsrocretc; nim a.va.cpspov-rm crto cip0po 3· P) nc; sva.n:o0ecreic ; Km auyKav-rpcocrstc; -rcov crx,snKoov pun:cov, 1cm 6nou sivm e<ptK-c6, nc; eV Myro BVU7t00Bcretc; Kat cruyKEVtpcocretc; CTE crxami µs ta. Kpfcrtµa. cpop1:i.a. Km -rte; crta.0µec; 71:0U uva.cpspov-rm crto ap0po 2 · . 292 y) 1:ex an:fareoex 1:pon:ocr<patptKou 6l;ov1:0c; Kat o) 'tt<; O"'Cpa.'ITjytKB<; Kat 'tex µs,:pex 7tOU 8<pcxpµ6l;ov1:at T\ 1tp81t1lt ya, a<pexpµocr'tOUV yta 'tT\ µairo011 't(OV n:poPATJµU't@V ex1:µocr<patptJCi\c; pun:a.v011c; n:ou asatai;ov'tat O"'tOV n:a.p6v n:pro'tOKOAAO Kat itpocrotop{t;oVtat O"'tO ap0po 6. 2, En:i011c;, Ka.0a µspoc; Mvex'tat vex Kexwcrti]crat aupsroc; oia.0emµac; O"'tO Kotv6 7tArtpo<popiac; µa cr't6y.,o 'IT\V a?,,a,xicrwno{rim, 't@V BKn:oµmbv, cruµnaptAa.µpexvoµsvrov 1tArtpocpopicbv ym: a) m Kcxucriµa, n:ou punex{vouv Aty6tapo, ttc; a.va.vacbmµac; 7trtysc; avspyamc; Kat -criv avapyamJCi\ cxn600011, cruµnaptAa.µpexvoµsvric; -ciic; XPT\011<; wuc; crnc; µa-cexcpopsc;· P) -etc; 7t'ITjttKsc; opya.vtKsc; EVcbcrmc; cra itpo"i6vm, cruµnaptAa.µpexvoµsvric; -cric; amcri]µa.v011c;· y) tt<; llmAOyec; oiaxaiptCITJ<; trov exnopAi]trov 7t0U n:spiexouv 7t'CTj'ClKB<; opycxvucsc; BVoocrau; nou n:expa.yovmt cxn:6 'tO Kotv6· o) nc; op0sc; a.ypottKsc; n:pexKrncsc; ym 'IT\ µslrocrri 'CCOV BK1toµmbv a,µµrovfoc;· s) nc; amntcbcraic; crtrtv uya{ex Kat -co napipa,11,wv n:ou cruvosovtm µa wuc; punouc; n:ou Kex11,un:1:0vmt exn:6 1:0 nexp6v n:prot6KOAAO Kat crt) m µe1:pex 7t0U OUVCT,V'tal ya, Aa.µpa.vouv a.wµa, Kat pioµrixa.viac;, 7tp0Ketµsvou vex cruµpa,11,11,ouv crtrt µetroCITJ 1:rov eKnoµncbv 1:rov punrov nou KcxMn:1:0vtm exn:c\ 1:0 nexp6v npro1:6Ko11,w. Ap0po 6: 1. Kaea µspoc;, 6nroc; exn:at1:shm Km pa.crst op0cbv B?tlO"'ITjµovtKffiV Kat otKovoµtKCOV Kpttrtpirov, n:poKatµevou vex omuKoMvai 1:riv acpcxpµoyi] 1:rov unoxpi::cbcri::cbv wu nou n:popABnovtat exn:6 1:0 6.p0po 3: a,) Kex1:a,cr1:pcbvat cr,:pm:riytKec;, 7toAl1:llCBc; Kat n:poypa.µµexm unocrti]pisric; xrop{c; exoucmoMrrt'IT\ KCX0ucr1:epri011 µa,:6, 'CTjV evexpsri tcrx;uoc; 1:0U n:exp6v1:0c; 7tp@1:0KOAAOU· P) 8<pa.pµ61;at µstpex yta 'tOV BABYXO Kat 1:ri µdro011 1:rov 8Kitoµn:cbv 0dou, osatoirov 1:0U a.i;oo1:0u, a.µµrovia.c; Kat 11:1:rinKoov opyexvtKcbv avcbcrarov· y) ecpcxpµ61;st µstpex yta triv BV06.ppuvcrri 'IT\<; avi::pysta.Ki]c; exn:600011c; Km 'IT\<; XPT\011<; exva.vi::rocrtµrov itrt')'WV avepyi::mc;· o) e<pcxpµ61;8t µs,:pex yta 1:T]V 8A,(1,1:1:0,)CITJ tT]c; XPT\011<; Kexucr{µcov 7t0U pun:a,{vouv· a) exva.nwcrcret Km 0ewt cra A.Bt1:oupyiex µirmcpoptKU crucr1:i]~Lexm n:ou punex{vouv 11,ty61:i::po Km n:poco0e{ crucrti]µex1:ex omxetptCITJ<; 1:TJ<; KU1CAocpopiac; ym 'IT\ µdro011 1:cov cruvoAtKrov 8Kn:Oµn:rov exn:6 'ITjV OOtJCi\ 1CU1CAO<pop{ex· m:) Bcpa.pµ61;at µetpex yta. 1:TJV av0a.ppUVCITJ tTj<; exva.ntuST\<; Kat 1:T]<; Bcpexpµoyi]c; otepycxcrtrov Km npo"i6v1:cov µa xexµ11M B7tl7tBOCl pun:cxv011c;, 11,a,µpavovtac; U7t0\j/1l m KextEu0uvti]pm syypcxcpcx I sroc; V nou eyKpi0T]Kexv exn6 1:0 8K'C8A80''tlK6 6pyexvo O"'CT\ OBKCT,'tT\ epooµri cruvaopiexcri] wu ( a.n6cpcxCITJ 1999/1) Km w; 1:pon~noti]crmc; cxmrov· 293 t ,) sv0appuvct 'IT]V c<papµoy{j rcpoypaµµ6:i:rov omx,ctptOT]c; ym ni µdmcni 1:rov cKrcoµm:ov, croµrccptAaµpavoµBVrov c0cAOVi:tKCOV rcpoypaµ~ui1:rov, Kat TI\ X,pr\OT] oucovoµtKCOV µforov, Aaµpavonac; urc61j111 to Kawu8llv1:iJpto eyypacpo VI rcoll cy1cpi8111<s an6 ,:o sKteABcmK6 6pyavo crni oeKatT] sp&oµri croveopiacriJ toll ( arc6cpaOT] 1999/1) Kat nc; 1:porcorcotiJcrsu; allwu· 11) scpapµ6(,st Kat 81t8~8pyal: ,stat m,pauepro 71:0AtnKB<; KUL µihpa cruµcprova µs nc; s0vtKB<; 1:0ll totat1:8p6Tijt8<;, 611:mc; 1:11v rcpooosmtKiJ 'µctCOOT] 11 'TTI crtaotaKiJ Ka1:apy11cni· 0 1:rov U'l:8A8U:OV 1:11c; ayopac;, 'l:O)V cpopoAoytKCOV KwiJ,:prov, ,:rov anaAAaycov an6 cp6pOll<; Kat oacrµouc; Kat smootjcrsu; CTE OAOll<; 1:0ll<; toµaic; 'lCOll BK1tBµ1tollV 0efo, o~s{ota toll at ,cotoll, aµµrovta Kat rc1:11ttKec; opyavtKBS avcocretc; noll avt{1eawtat crto crt6x,o tall nap6vtoc; rcp mto1e6AAOll, Kat c<papµ6l: ,Et µ11X,llVtcrµouc; 'TTIS ayopa<;, Kat 0) s<papµ6t ,ai µfapa, 611:oll aivat ot1eovoµuca arco8otuc6, yia ni µsiroOTJ tcov EKnoµncov an:6 an:6PATJta rcoll n:epiex,ouv nntttKB<; opyavtKsc; avcocrw; ... 2. Ka0e µepoc; cruWyat Kat OLCltT)pd rcA11pocpoptsc; yta: a) ta ll<ptcrtaµava m{rcaoa sK1Coµncov 0doll, al: ,rotoux,cov av<:ocrscov Kat m:111:tK<:ov opyav11e<:ov av<:ocmcov, Kat 1:rov a1:µocrcpatptK<:ov cruyKavtprocrecov Kat svarco0ecrerov tcov av 11,6ym avrocrsrov Kat toll 6(,ovtoc;, AaµPavovtai; U1COIJl11 yta ta µep11 71:0ll pptcrKOVtat BVt6c; toll yeroypacpncou 71:SOtOll toll EMEP, to rcp6ypaµµa epyacriac; toll EMEP, Kat P) tti; amrctcocratc; trov atµocr<patptK<:ov croyKavtp<:ocracov Kat 1:11c; svarc60ecnic; 0doll, at ,co-coux,rov avrocremv, rcntttK<:ov opyavtK<:ov svcocracov Kat 6(,ovtoc; CTTijV llYBia. toll av0pconoll, crta. x,spcra{a Kat llOll.ttva otKocrocrtjµata Kat crta llAtKa. 3. Ka0e µepoc; 01'.ivm:m va Mµpavet µfapa allcr1:11p61:apa a.rc6 ta smpaU6µsva µe 1:0 nap6v npcot6KoAAD. Ap8po 7: 1. Ma 1:11v Erct<pDAU~TJ tric; voµo0ecrfoc; Kat trov Kavovtcrµwv toll Kat cruµcpcova µs tu; ll1tox,pacocretc; rcoll arcoppfouv arc6 to rcap6v rcprot6KOAAD: a) Ka.Se µspo<; urcopaAAEt crto BKteAEcrttK6 6pyavo fr0EOTJ, µfoco toll aKtsABcrttKou ypaµµatfo tric; Em-i:porciJc;, cre taKta 8tam:iJµa1:a, 6rcroc; Ka0op{t ,ouv ta µepri crs cruvooo ,:ou BKtBABcrttKOD opy6.voll, fie n:A11pocpoptsc; ym ta µetpa rcoll eAapa ym triv ecpapµoyiJ toll rcap6vm; nprotoKOl\,AOll. Emrcpocr0etroc;: i) cra rcepirctCOOT] rcoll BVa µepoc; scpapµ6t ,st 8iacpopsn1<ec; crtpatT)ytKec; µeimcnic; trov eK1toµncov, cruµ<prova µs ttc; rcapayp6.<pollc; 2 Kat 3 tou 6.p0poll 3, tsKµT]ptcovat ttc; crtpa.1:11y11<ec; rcoll c<papµ61;et Kat t11 cruµµ6pcpcocriJ toll npoc; tu; ananiJcreu; trov av A6yro napaypacprov· ii) cre rcapirctroOT] noll BVa µepoc; Kpivat 6n optcr~tBVec; optaKB<; nµec;, 6rcmc; Ka.0op{t ,ovtat cr1:11v nap6.ypacpo 3 toll ap0poll 3, osv sivat 1:axvncu Kat oucovoµtKa E<plKtec;, Aaµpavov-mc; ll'/tOlj/11 to K6crwc; l(at ta 71:AEOVSK'tllµata, ll1toP6.AASt BK0ecrri crniv onoia at'ttoAoye{ tTjV Kp{crri toll· P) Ka.Se µepoc; av1:6c; toll yecoypacpucou '/t80t0ll 'tOll EMEP ll1toP6.AAEt crto EMEP e1e8s<TT], µfom toll BKtBAEcrtucou ypaµµm:fo nic; EmtponiJc;, cra taK,6. otacrtjµa.m, 6nmc; 294 Ka0opi1;st -ro Ka0oorryTJ'ttK6 6pyavo tOU EMEP Kat syKpivouv -m flllPTJ crn cruvooo ,:OU BKtsMcrnKou opyuvou, µs nc; aK6A.Ou0sc; nAT)poq>opisc; yta: i) ta 81tL1t80[J, tC.OV 8K1t0µ1tmV 0siou, O~Stoirov 1:0U a(;mtou, aµµroviac; Kat 1t'tlj'ttKillV opyavtKmv svmcrsrov XPlJcrtµonmmvtac;, Kai;' sMx,tcrto, ttc; µs000011,oyfac; Kett 't1'J XPOVlK11 Kat x,ropt~ avuAUCTTJ, 6nroc; 1ca0opi1;st 1:0 Ka0oom1ri:tK6 6pyavo 'toU EMEP· ii) 'm sninsoa trov 8K1toµnmv KU06 oucriac; Ka'tU tO stoc; avaq,opuc; (1990), XP'f\crtµonmmvtac; ttc; iornc; µs0oooA.Oyisc; Kat x,povt~ Kat x,ropt~ avuAUCTTJ' iii) osooµeva yta tt(; 1tpopASn6µsvsc; 8K1toµm\c; Kat ta U(j)tcrtuµsva crx,sota µsiroO'T]c; Kat iv) 611:ou Kpivstat avay1eaio, nc; rux,6v s~atpsttKsc; cruv011Ksc; nou otKatoA.Oyouv SK1toµnsc; npocrroptvu U'JIT)Mtspsc; an6 ta avmtata 6pm nou ax,ouv 0scrmcrtd yta SVaV 11 7t6ptcrcr6tspouc; punouc; Kat y) ta µap'f\ crs 7t8ptox,sc; 8Kt6c; tOU ysroypacptKOU nsoiou tOU EMEP napex,ouv nAlJpocpoplsc; avticrtotx,sc; autmv nou npocr8topi1;onat crto crtmx,sio P), suv S1'Jt'f\0Bi an6 ,:o sK,sMcrttK6 6pyavo. 2. Ot 7tAT)poq>oplsc; nou nspJA,aµpuvovtat crttc; sK0ecmc;, cruµq,rova µs to crtmx,sio a) 'tlJc; napaypucpou 1 sivat cruµq,rovsc; µs an6q>acrlJ, 6crov acpopu CTtT) µopq,11 Kat crw nsprnx,6µsv6 touc;, T\ onoia 11,aµpuvstat an6 ta µsplj (j8 cruvooo toU 8Kt8ASCTttKOU opyuvou. To nspwx,6µsvo ,:qc; 8V Myro an6qmO'T]c; snavs~stu1;stat sv avuyKlJ mcrw va smcrljµaivovtat wx,6v np6cr01n:a cnmx,sia ym tT) µopq>fi Kat to 1tspwx,6µsvo trov 7tATjpocpoptmv 71:0U ea 1t8pt11,a,µpuvovtatcrnc; 6K0acrsic;. 3. EyKa{proc; nptv a.no KU08 s,:ficrta cruvooo tOU 8Kt8ASO'ttK01J opyuvou, 1:0 EMEP napax,Et 7tATJpoq,opisc; crx,snKa, µs: a) ttc; cruyKsvtpmcrstc; Kat svano0fostc; crto nspipuUov .0stoux,cov Kat at;rotoux,cov svmcrscov Ka0mc; Kett, crttc; 7t8pl1ttill0'8t<; nou urccrpx,ouv' ttc; cruyKsvtpmcrstc; cr'tO nsptP<iAA.OV 1ttT)ttKmv opyavtKmv· svmcrnrov Kat 61;ovtoc;, Kat P) ttc; 8Kttµficrstc; trov 1tpoiino11,oytcrµmv 0siou Kat O~stocoµevou Kat av11yµevou a1;mtou Kat cru vaq,sic; 1tAT)pocpopfac; ym tT) µstaq>opu 61;ovtoc; Kat npo8p6µcov ,:ou crs µ1,yu11,11 arc6crtaO'Tj. · Ta µep'f\ cr8 nsptox,ec; sKt6c; ,:ou y8coypacptKou rc88iou 1:0u EMEP nap!\x,ouv av,im:otx,ec; 1tAT)pocpoplsc;, sa.v 1;TJtT)0s{ arc6 'to 8Kt!lNlO'tt1c6 6pyavo. 4. To sK'tsAScri:tK6 6pyavo, cruµq,rova µs rn crtmx,sio P) t'f\S napaypaq,ou 2 tou 6.p0pou 10 . 'tlj<; cruµPaO'TJc;, q>povtit;St yta tT)V napoucriaO'Tj . itA;qpoq>optmv crx,sttKcr µ8 ttc; smrc,mmnc; tOJV svano0scrsrov 0eiou Kat svmcrsrov tou at;mtou Kat trov cruyKsvtpmcrsrov 61;ovtoc;. 5. Ta flllPTJ, crttc; cruv68ouc; ,:ou BKtsAScrttKou opya.vou, q>ponit;ouv va ava0sropouv1:ctt taKttKU Ot 71:AT]pocpopisc; yta tT)V U1tOA.Oytcrµevq Kat 8rn0vmc; PsAttcr't07tOlT]µfNTJ Katavoµ11 tffiV µstmcrscov trov BKnoµnmv ym ta Kp6.'t1'J svt6c; tou ysroypaq>tKou nsoiou 1:0u EMEP, XPlJcrtµonmmvtac; OAOKA,'f\proµeva µovtsAa 8ic,iµT)O'T]c;, cruµnsptAaµpavoµevrov µov1:s11,rov m:µocrcpatpt~c; µstacpopa.c;, npoKstµevou va µ8tco0si nspattepco, yta to cricorc6 ,TJc; napuypcrcpou I tou 6.p0pou 3, 1'J 8tacpopu µem~u npuyµumcoov svarco0scrscov 0dou Kat ut;mwux,rov svoocrsrov Kat tCOV i:tµoov Kpicrtµrov cpoptirov, Ka0ooc; Kat 1'J Otaq>opu µE1:a~u npayµattKOOV cruyKsv,:pcocr8ffiV 61;ovwc; Kat trov Kpicnµrov crm0µcov 61;ovtoc; nou Ka0opi1;ovtm cr,:o napuptT)µa I, 11 svar..AaKttKsc; µs06oovc; SKtiµT]crlj<; 7tOU syKptVOUV ta µBpT] 0'8 01JVOOO tOU 8KtSASCTttKO'U opya.vou. . 295 Ap8po 8: 'Eprmva, avo:11:TUl;T( icm 11:apa1to11,ou8110'11 Ta, µspYj BV0a.ppUVOUV 'Cf\V epsuva., a.va7tWSY\, na,pa.KOAOU0YjO"Yj Kat 01JVBP')'a.cria, 7tOU a.cpopouv: a.) 'CY\ orn0vfi eva.pµ6vtcryt -colV µs06orov yta. wv uno11,oytcrµ6 Km 'tf\V BK1:iµricrri 'COlV B1ttPAa.pcov 87tt7t'CC00"80)V 1t01) 01JV080V'Ca.t µs m; oucrisc; 1t01) K(1,A,'IJ7t'COV'Ca.t crto na.pov npro'COKQA,A,O, yta. wv Ka.0optcrµ6 Kpicnµrov cpoptirov Km crm0µrov, Km, 6nou dvm ouva.1:6v, 'tf\V rnsl;spya.crta. Ota.OtKa.crtrov yta 'trj\l BY Myro eva,pµ6vtcryt· 'tf\ PeA'ttO)cryt 'tO)V pacrsroy OEOOµevmv yta. w; BK1t0µ1tsc;, Kl)p{roc; a,mCOV 'Cf\<; a.µµrovia.c; Km trov 7t'trj'CtKrov opya.VtKcov evrocramv· y) 'CY) pa11,,:{rocryt a,cpavoc; 'tO)V 01JO"tT]µatWV Kat 'tBX,VtlCOOV 1ta.pa.KOMU8TJcryt<; Km a.<pB'CllpOU 'tf\c; Ka.'Cap'Ctcrytc; µov,:i\11,rov µBta.<popac;, 'CO)V cruy1rnvtpC00"80)V Kat 'CO)V 8V(1,1t00BCTBO)V 0siou, a.(;rotoux,mv BVOOO"f;O)V Km 1t'C'rj'tlKCOV opya.vtKCOV BVCOO"BO)V, Ka0coc; Km toU crx,11µa.ncrµou 61;ovtoc; Km ow,:spsfoucra.c; crroµa.nomKftc; u11,ric;· o) 'CTJ pa11,-i;{rocryt 'C'rj<; 87tlO"'tYjµovtKftc; Ka.WVOTJO"f\S crx,stuca µa 'tf\V 'C'UX)l tO)V BK1toµnoov µa.Kponp60scrµa, Km 1:tc; cruvsnatsc; wuc; crttc; 01JyKev1:promnc; m,ptpa,11,11,ovwc; 8siou, a.(;iliwu, m:yt'CtKoov opya.vtKoov evcocrsrov, 61;ovwc; Km crmµa,nomtjc; 'llATJc;, cra snineoo 11µtcr<pmpiou, µe tota.iwp11 eµcpa.cryt cr1:ri X)lµttj O"'Ucrmcryt -i;11c; sMu0spric; 1:pon6crcpmpac; Km O"'tf\V m0a.v6n1w, Ol111tBtpronKftc; µs,:a,cpopac; 'CO)V p'U7tO)V• a) 'C'rJY napa.m\pro snal;spya.cria. µme; cruvo11,itjc; m:pa.'C'rjyudtc; yta. 'CTJ µeimcryt trov entPA,a,Prov 87tl1t'tffi0"80)V tytc; ol;ivtcrytc;, 'COU eU'CpO<ptcrµou Km tytc; cprowrnµttjc; puna.vcrric;, 01Jµ1tsptA,a,µpa,voµevrov Cl"UVEP')'tCOV Kat 01JV01la.(;6µevrov (1,7t0tBA,ecrµatmv• cr'C) crtpa.tytyucec; yta. 'CTJV 7tepcmepm µs{rocryt 'CffiV BK1t0µ7tCOV 0afou, ol;ato{mv 'WU a.(;rotou, a,µµroviac; Km 7ttyt'CtKOOV opya.vtKOOV eV000"80}V, µs Pacrri Kpicrtµa. <poptfo Kat Kpicrtµec; O"'ta0µsc; Kat nc; 1:ax,vucec; sl;a11,{l;atc;, Kat yta tyt pahirocryt 'CO)V OAOKA11PO)µevrov µovtBAO)V BKttµricrric; rocr-i;a va uno11,oyi(;smt 11 ots0vroc; pa11,1:tcrwnoi11µsv11 Kamvoµfi 1:rov µauhcrarov a1<1toµncov /1,(1,µpavovmc; 1)7tO\j/11 'CTjV a.vayKTj a.nocpuyf]c; 1)1tBppo11,tKOU KOcrtouc; yta, onowoftnow µspoc;. Etoudt crytµacr{a, 7tpB7t8l ya, OtVe'Cat cr1:tc; BK7t0 µnsc; a.no 'CY\ ysropyta Kat nc; µsw<popec;· 1;) 'COY 1tpocrot0ptcrµ6 'tO)V tacramv KU'CU 'CTJV n:apooo tOU XPOVOU Kat 'Cf\V antcr'tYjµoviKft KcHav611crri -i:rov supu1:sprov emmrocrsrov 0siou, al;mtou, mri-i:tKrov opyavtKmv BVWO"BWV Kat <prowx;1iµ1Kftc; pun:a.vcrr,c; Cl"'tf\V uysfo 'COU av0pronou, cruµm,ptA,a,µpa,voµevric; 'tY\<; cruµpo11,ftc; touc; crnc; cruyiceVtprocrstc; crmµanomtjc; uAyt<;, aw m:pipa,11,11,ov, toicoc; 6crov a.<pop<i cr't:Tjv ol;ivtcrr, Kat 1:ov au1:pocptcrµ6, Km aw uAtKa, toiroc; oa cra icrtoptK<i Km 11:011,mcrnK<i µvr,µela., A,a,µpavovmc; U7t0\j/TJ 'Cf\ O"X,BO"f\ µata.l;u ol;atOtO)V 'COU 0a(ou, OSEtO\O}V 'COU a.(;ffi'COU, a,µµrov{m;, m11nKrov opya.vtKCOV BVCOcrsmv Km -i:pon:ocrcpmptKou 61;ovtoc;· 11) nc; 'l:EX,VOAOyisc; EM'C'CO)O"Tjc; tO)V BK1toµncov, Km nc; 't:BX,VOAoyim; Kat tBX,VtKec; yta. trt pe;\,-i;irocryt 'CY\<; eVspyetaKftc; an6oocrr,c;, 'CY\<; oia.1:fip11crric; tytc; BVspysta.c; Km 1:11 x,pf]cn1 a.vavscocriµrov nriyrov eVepystac;· 0) tytv a.n:01:sMcrµanK6t111:a trov wx,vuccov aM-yx,ou tr,c; a.µµroviac; ym m a.ypoKtf]µam Km w; smmcocrstc; wuc; crt11v wmKft Kat nspt<papstatj ava.n60scryt· t) 'CT\ Ota.X,Btptcryt tyt<; ½T\'C'l"JO"f\<; µsmcpoprov Kat 'tf\V a.Vll1ttul;1l ica.t 7tpOC08Yjcryt µforov µsta<pop<ic; nou pun:a.ivouv ;\,1y61:spo · 296 ta) 'TTJV 7t0ClO'tlK07totl]CTT] Kat, 07t0ll s{vat 8(jllK'CO, 'CT\V OtKOVO µ t1d\ al;toAO'YlJO'lJ 'CCOV oqis)..chv ym w nsptP<iUov Kat 'CT\V av0promvri llysia 1tOll anoppeow an6 'TT\ µeicocrri 1:cov sKnoµnrov Bsioll, ol;swicov -coll al;ch-coll, aµµcov{ac; Kat 7t'tT]'ttKcov opyavtKrov svcocrncov, Kat tP) 'TTJV avanrul;ri µfocov, ym 'TTJV ellpsia ot<iooCTT] Kat scpapµoyfi -ccov µs06ocov Kat 1:cov anowA-Bcrµa1:cov 'TT\<; sv Myco spyacriac;;. Ap0po 9: l:ll µp,op(jlroO"ll H cruµµ6pq>COCTT] Ka0s µepollc; 1tpoc; -etc; ll7t0?(p8(00'8l<; 7tOU anoppeow an6 'tO nap6v npco1:6Ko;\,w sl;s1:al;a-cat crs -caK-ca omcrtfJµm:a. H sm-cponfi ecpapµoyric;, noll cruyKpo-cfJ0TJKB µs 'TTJV an6cpaCTT] 1997/2 'tOll 8K'C8A-BCl'CtKOU opyaVOll KU'Ca 'tlJ l:leKU'ClJ neµ1ttl] cruvsop{acrfi 'COU, npopaivst O''TTJV 8V Myro el;etaCTT] Kat llrcop<iA-A-Bt BK68CTT] crta µepT] cre cruvooo 'COll 8K'CBA-8Cl't:tKOU opyavoll, cruµcprova µs -collc; 6pollc; 'tOll napaptfJµawc; 'TTJ<; an6qiaCTT]c; au'tfic;, cruµnept;\,aµpavoµevcov ruxov tpononmficrsrov 'COll, Ap0po 10: A Vll6K0lt110'11 mto 't'll Jl,BPtJ Kll't'O: 't'«; ITTJVolfouc; 't'Oll 8K't'8Mlff't'tKO'U opyo:vou 1. Ta µep11, KO:'Ca 'Ct<; cruv6ocillc; 'COll 8K'C8A-BO''CtKOU opy<ivou, cruµ<prova µs 'CO cr-cmxeio a) 'CT]<; napaypuqioll 2 toll apBpou 1 o 't1lc; croµPaCTTJc;, el;ei:at;ow 1:u; n)..11pocpop{ec; noll napexouv ta µep11, ~o EMEP Kat 'ta 081l1:8p8UOVta 6pyava toll 8K't8A-8Cl'CtKOU opy<ivoll, 't(l oeooµeva yta 'Ct<; smmchcrst<; -ccov cruyKsvtpchcrsrov Kat tcov evano6fosrov Bsiou Kat al;cow'iixcov evrocrscov Kat 'CT\t; (jlffi'tOXT]µtKYj<; pU7tUVCll]<; KU6roc; Kat ttc; 8K0ecrstc; 'CTJ<; 87tttp07tYj<; ecpapµoyfic; toll ap0pou 9. 2. a) Ta µsplJ, cre cruv6oollc; toll BJCteA-BcrttJCou opy<ivoll, el;e1:<il;ow nc; llnoxpechcre1c; i:ou nap6vtoc; npcotoK6Uou, crttc; ono{ec; 1tept)..aµpavov1m: i) ot ll7t0XP8chcrstc; toll<; coc; npoc; 'Ct<; ll7tOMytcrµevsc; Kat ots6vcoc; Pshtcrt01totl]µevsc; ICU'CO:VOµsc; 'CCOV µetffiO'eCOV 'tCOV 8K1t0µ1troV, 7t01l O:VO:q>EpOV'Cat O''CT]V 1tapaypacpo 5 toll <ip0poll 7 UVCOtBpCO, Kat ii) lJ sn<ipKeta 1:cov U7tOJ(pechcrscov Kat 11 smteA-Bcr6eicra np6o6oc; KU'tU tT]V snirnll/;T] toll cr1:6xoll toll nap6v-coc; npcotoK6)..)..oll· 13) r'tljv O:VUO'KOTClJCllJ ;\,aµpuvovmt ll7t0~/1l Ot KO:A,Utepsc; ota0fotµsc; 87tlO''CT\µOVtKEc; 7tA-lJpocpopiec; coc; npoc; ttc; smntrocrstc; 'CT]c; ol;ivtCTT]c;, .toll 81ltpocptcrµou Kat 'CTJc; cpcowxriµitjc; punavcr11c;, cruµnspMµpavoµsvrov eKnµficrscov yta 6A-Bc; ttc; crxsnJCsc; 87tl7ttffi0'8t<; O''t11V llysia, tCOV Kpimµcov crm6µrov Kat cpop-c{rov, 11 av<inrul;,11 Kat tEl(,8to1toiriCTTJ o)..otl11pcoµevrov µov1:e)..cov BKtiµ110'11S, ot 1:sxvoMytKsc; sl;sW;st<;, ot µs-capa)..Mµsvsc; otKovoµtKsc; cruv6fJKEc;, 11 87Ct'CEA-80'0sicra np6oooc; crxe'C.tKa µs ttc; p<icrstc; os6oµevrov yta 'tt<; 8K7toµm\c; Kat nc; t&XVtKsc; µsicoCTT]c;, toicoc; os all1:cov itoll crxsi:~ovmt µs 'CTJV aµµcovia Kat 7t'CTJ'CtKsc; opyavtKsc; svcbcretc;, Kat 11 eK7tA-TJPC00'11 1:cov ll7tOXPeilicrncov coc; npoc; 1:a rninsoa sKnoµnchv· · y) Ot OtO:OtKacrisc;, Ot µs0ooot Kat 11 XPOVtKYj 1CA-tµaKCOCllJ 'CCOV 8V Myco ClV(lO'K07tYj0'8COV Ka6op{1;ovtat an6, ta µsp11 0'8 cruvooo toll 8K't8A-BO''CtKO'U opy<ivou, H npili'CT] avacrK07t'l10'lJ ea apxicret t0 apy6tepo eva atoc; µs1:u 'CT]V evap/;11 tcrxuoc; 'tOll rcap6vtoc; 7tpCO'tOKOA-Mll, · Ap0po 11: LltEU08't'1J0'11 't'COV Ol(l(j)Opcov 1. E<iv ouo 11 nsptcrcr6tepa. µspri omcpcovficrow coc; npoc; 1:11v spµrivs{a fJ 1:riv scpapµoy1t 1:0u nap6vtor; rcpcot0K6MOu, sml;11touv 1:11 Mcrri 'CTJ<; omcpopac; µfoco omnpayµateucrscov 11 aA-A-COV 297 eiprivm:cbv µsamv rric; emAOy11c; 1:0uc;. Ta otacpmvouv-m µspri evriµepcbvouv m eK-ceA.ecntK6 6pyuvo CTXB'CtKU µe 'CT] omcpmv{a 'COUc;. 2. Ku-ca 'CTJV K:Upmmi, urcooox11, syKptCTT] 'COU rcup6vtoc; rtpOO'COKOAAOU 11 'CT\V rcpocrxcbpT\01] ae ClU'CO, 11 01tmeo11rcote ecpel;11c;, BVCl µspoc; 1COU oev e{vm rtepupep8taK6c; opyavtaµ6c; OtKOVOµt1cf]'; OAOKA11PffiCTT]c; O'UVU'Cat vu OTjAcbCT8t µ8 syypucpo KU'CU'Ct0sµevo crtov 0eµuwcpuAaKU 6n, ytu wx6v omcpopsc; 1cepi 'CTJV epµlJV8ia 11 'CTJV ecpupµorri wu rcup6vtoc; npootoK6AAou, uvayvmpi/;8t svu, 11 Km ta O'\JO UKOA.Ou0u µfou e1tiAUCTT]c; omcpoprov, me; \)'ltOXP800'CtKU UU't0ot1caimc; Kat aveu tota{tepric; cruµcpoov{uc;, BVClV'Cl onotouoftnote µspouc; a1tOOBX8tat 'CTJV uu'Cf\ U1tOXP8ffi(jTj: P) OlUt'tT]CTia, cruµcpoovu µ8 omotKacriec; 1tO'lJ ea 8yKpt0ouv a1t6 'CU µepri 0"8 cruvooo 'CO'U 8KteMITTtKou opyavou, w cruv-coµ6t8po ouvut6v, Km Ou 1t8p1,\,11cp0ouv a8 nupaptriµu nepi otat'C'Tjcriac;. Mepoc; nou 8tVm n8ptcpep8taK6c; opyav1crµ6c; otKovoµu<11c; 0A01CA,ftprocrric; Mvu-cm vu unopa,11,,\,e1 oft,\,romi µ8 tcroouvuµo U1CO'CSA,Bcrµa crx8'ClKU µ8 'CT\ Olat'CTJCTlU, cruµcprovu µ8 nc; OlUOlKUaiec; 1tO'lJ avacpapovtat O"'CO cr-cmxeto p). 3. 611AffiCTT] unopu;i Mµevri KCl'CU 'C'TjV nupaypucpo 2 nupaµBV8l cre 1crxu µsxpt 'CT\ Alll;T\ rric; cruµcpoova µa -couc; 6pouc; rric; ft eooc; tpeic; µftv8c; acpou Kata-c808i crtov 08µm:ocpuAaKU ypun'Cf\ moo1wiriari m,pi avatl11cr800c;. 4. Nea OT\AOOCTT], 8t001tOiTjCTT] avatltjcr8mc; 11 T\ A)ll;T\ tcr;o'.ioc; µ1w; 011AOOCTT]c; oev 0iy8t KU'C1 ouosva -cp61to eKKpeµ8{c; OlUOtKacrtac; evcomov 'COU 6.te0vouc; lllKClCT'tTjpiou 11 1:01) Otat'CTj'tlKOU OlKacrrriptou, e1Ct6c; eav cruµcpoovricrouv (lA,A,O)c; -ca omcpoovouvta µep11. 5. TIAl]V -cric; 1tept1t'CWCT800c; lCCl'CU 'CTJV onoia 'CU otucpmvouvta µsp11 sxouv Cl1t008X0ei ta iota µfoa 8'1t1AUCTT]c; otacpopcov paaet 'CTjc; 1tapaypacpou 2, 8UV, µ8'CU mipooo ocooeKa µrivmv a1t6 'CTJV 1COtVO'lt01TjCTT] ll'ltO SVCl µapoc; crn UA,AO O'tl ucp{crta'Cat otacpopa, µewl;u wuc;, 'CU evotu<p8p6µeva µspri oev sxouv pu0µicret TI1 81acpop<i µe 'CU µfoa rric; nupuypacpou 1, 11 omcpopa unopaA,Ae'Cat, Ka-c6mv mtjcreooc; onotouoftno-c8 an6 -ca µep11, cr8 cruvotaMUYTJ. 6. rm -couc; crKonouc; 'CT\\; napaypa.cpou 5, cruyKpot8hat 81tt-cponri cruvomA,\,ayftc;. H 81tttpo1t11 ano-ceA.efa:at an6 fcro apt0µ6 µeArov nou otopi/,;81 K&.08 evomcpep6µevo µepoc; i], 6mv m un6 cruVOtaA,Aa'YT\ µspri sxouv ta auta cruµcpepovta, 11 oµ<iou 1tO'lJ cruµµepi1;emt 'CU cruµcpepovta mna, Kat a1t6 sva 1tp68opo 1CO'U emAByouv an:6 KOWO'\J an6 ta Ol0ptcr0svm µBpl]. H 81tttponri 8KOl08t otat'CTjttKT\ un6cpami µe crucr-ca.creic;, tic; onoiec; -cu 8tucpoovouv-cu µspri Aaµpavouv un61JIT\ KUA.Jl 'C'T\ nicr-cet. Ap0po 12: IlapapTI'tJOOTa Ta napuptriµu-m 'COD iiup6vmc; npoo'COKOAAOD unoteAouv avanoanaam µepoc; uuwu. Ap0po 13: Tporcorco1110-e1c; Kat avanpoo-apµoyfa; 1. Ka0e µepoc; ouvm:m vu npo-ceiv8t tpononou1ae1c; aw nap6v npoo-c6Kono. Ka.Se µapoc; rric; cruµPacrric; ouvu-cm va 1tpo1:e{ve1 avarcpocrapµorri 'COD napaptf\µmoc; II mu nup6vwc; 1tp00'COKQA,A,OU, npoKetµsvoD va 1tpocr0foet cre U'\l'tO 'CO 6voµa 'tOD, cruvoo1m6µevo a1t6 81Cl1t80U 8K1t0µ1tmV, avmtatU Optu 8K1toµ1tmV Kat 1t0CTOCT'Ctat8c; µ8tWCT8tc; tOOV eK1t0µ1tmV. 298 2. Ot 1tp01:aw6µBVsc; 1:pononon'Jcrmc; Ka.t avanpocrapµoyec; unopa,11,11,ovtat ypan1:ooc; cr1:ov aKcsMcr1:tK6 ypa,µµatfo 'TTjc; Em1:pom'Jc;, o onoioc; tu; yvcocr1:01toIBi cra 6M ta µep11. Ta, µsp11 crut;111:0uv 1:tc; npom0akmc; 1:pononotfJcratc; Km avanp.ocrapµoysc; cr1:11v rn6µav11 cruvo/'io 1:ou 8K'tllABCT'ClKOU opyavou, un6 'tOV 6po 6-n O 8K't8A,ECT'ttl(O<; ypa,µµa,1:foc; exat l'itaPtPacrnt 1:tc; 1tpo1:acratc; crta µep11 'tOUAUX,lCT'tOV 8V~V'ta 11µepac; vcophapa,. 3. TpononotfJcrstc; 1:ou nap6noc; 1tpro1:0K611,11,ou, cruµnapiMµpavoµevcov 1:pononotfJcrarov trov na,pap-c11µaicov II Kat IX, ayKpivov1:m µa cruvaivacrq 1:oov na,p6vi:cov µapmv cra cruvo/'io wu 8K'C8ABCT'ClKOU opyavou, Ka.t 1:i0avmt cra mxu yta ta µep11 11:01) nc; a,noosx011KaV ,riv 8V8V11KOCT'CTJ 11µepa an6 'tljV 1iµspoµ11via Ka'ta080"Tjc; 'tCOV ayypacprov a,nooox,fJc; CT'tOV 0aµa,mpUMKa a,n6 ,:a, /'iuo 1:pi,:a, 'tCOV µepoov. TponormtfJcrau; 1:i8av,:m cra tcrxu yta 07tOlOOTJ7tO't8 IJ,A,/1,Q µspoc; 'TTJV 8V8VljKOCT'CTJ 11µspa, a,n6 'tljV 11µapoµ11via Ka1:a8acrljc; a.now av Myco µspoc; 1:01) ayypacpou ano/'ioxfJc;. 4. TpononotfJcrat<; 1:cov na,pap't1iµchcov 1:ou na,p6vwc; npcotoK611,11,ou, n11,11v 1:rov no.pap'tT]µa1:rov nou ava,cpepov1:m cr1:11v napaypacpo 3, ayKpivovmi µe ouvaivacrq 1:rov na,p6V1:cov µapoov CTE cruvooo ,:01) EK't8ABCTtlK01J opyavou. Ma1:a, mipooo 8V8VTJV'CU 1iµEpmv a,n6 'tljV 11µepor111via, yvcocr1:onot11crfJc; iric; a,n6 1:ov EK'tEMcrnK6 ypaµµa,,:fo 1:11c; E1mponfJc; ae OM m µap11, 1:pononoi11cr11 onoiouofJn01:e an6 ta BV Myco napap--cfJµa,,:a, napayat a,11:01:eMcrfta'ta yta 6cra µep11 08V sx,ouv unopaMt KOtvonoi11crq crtov 8eµa1:ocpUMlW, cruµcpcova, µe 'ttc; Ota'tll/;Etc; 'tT]<; napa,ypacpou 5, un6 'tOV 6po 61:t 'tOUAaX,lCT'tOV oeKaE/;t µsp11 08V sxouv unopaMt tljV av Myro KOlV07tOtljcrq. 5. 01totoofJ1tO't8 µspoc; a,ouva,1:ei va eyKpiwn 1:pononoi110"11 n:a,paptfJµatoc;, 7tA11V 't(i)V 1tapa,p1:ljµa1:COV 7t0U a,va,cpEpOV'tat CT'tT]V na,paypa,cpo 3, 'tO KOlV07tOtet eyypacpcoc; O''tOV 0eµatocpUMKa av1:oc; BVBVTJV'ta 11µspoov an:6 'tTJV 11µepoµ11via, yvcoawnoi11crqc; 'TTJc; syKpm11c;, 0 0aµa,-cocpuMKac; Koivonmel a,µe11,11,111:i ae 611,a, 1:a, µspri 1:11v Kotvon:oi11crq nou napaMµpavet. 'Eva µspoc; /'iuva,,:m, onowofJn:ow, va, a,vnKa1:acr1:fJcret 1:11v n:p61:ep11 Kotvonoi11crq µa an:o/'ioxi'J, on:01:e 11 1:ponon:oi11crq 1:ou BV Myco na,pa,ptfJµa1:0c; napayai acpsl;fJc; an:01:sAEcrµata evavn au1:0u. 6. Ava,npocrapµoys<; wu napapi:fJµawc; II ayKpivovmt µa cruva,iva0111:rov n:ap6v1:cov µepoov cra cruvooo 'tOU EK'tEMCT'ttKOU opyavou, na,payouv 08 a7tO'tBAEcrµa,,:a, yta OM ,:a, µsp11 'tOU nap6v1:0c; npco'toK611,11,ou 'TTJV avav11KocrtfJ 11µspa an6 'TTJV 11µspoµ11via Ka1:a ,riv onoia o 8K'tEABO-'ttK6c; ypa,µµa,1:fo<; 'TTJ<; Emtpom'J<; KOtvO'lt:Ot8i ypan1:wc; am 8V Myro µsp11 'tljV syKptcrq 'tT]<:; a,va,npocrapµoyfJc;. Ap0po 14: Yri:oypalJ)'ll 1. To nap6v npco1:6KOAAO Sa, na,pa,µaivat avotK't:6 yta unoypa,cpfJ aw Gothenburg (:Eou118ia) cr--ctc; 30 Noaµppiou Ka.t 'TTJV 111 ~8Kcµppiou 1999, Ka.t ,ca,1:6ntv CT'tljV s/'ipa, 't(i)V Hvroµevcov E8vmv O''tlj Nfo Y6pKlj sooc; nc; 30 Matou 2000, an6 ,:a, KP<l'TTJ µEAl) 'tT]c; Em1:ponfJc; Ka8mc; Ka.t a,n6 KpUtlj 't(i)V onoirov 11 CTX,Ecrlj µa 1:11v Em1:pom'J 1J7t0Ktmat CTE ica8ecr1:ooc; oia,pouMucrarov, cruµcpcova µe 'tT]V 'l):apaypacpo 8 wu ~111cpicrµmoc; 36(IV) tou OticovoµtKou Ka.t Kowcovi,cou :Euµpou11,{ou --c11c; 2811c; Map1:iou 1947, Ka.t a,n6 m:ptcpepatmwuc; opyavicrµouc; ot1<ovoµ1,cfJc; 011,otl1'Jprocrljc;, rcou sxouv crucr,a0ei an6 KUpiapx,a KP<l'TTJ µe11,11 'tTJS Em1:po1tfJc;, 01 07t0l0t exouv apµol'it6'tlj'tU l'itanpayµ<iwucrqc;, cruva~11c; Ka.t ecpapµoyfJc; 8te8voov cruµcpcovubv cre 0eµm:a nou 1<a11,um:ov,m an6 to 1tpco,61<0Uo, un6 'tOV 6po 6n ,:a, crxenKa Kpa'tT] Ka.t opyavtcrµoi stvm µep11 t11c; cruµpacrqc; Ka.t a,ve1,cpepov1:a.t aw 1tapap1:11µa II. 2. LE 0eµa,,:a, 1:11c; apµoot6'tT]tac; touc;, 01 8V Myco 7tEptcpepEtaKOl opye1,vtcrµoi OlKOVoµiKfJc; 011,o,c11,fJpmcr11c; acr1<ouv, ym Myapmcrµ6 wuc;, ,a 8tKa.tooµa1:a Km ava,11,e1,µp&.vouv ttc; rn0uvec;, nc; 299 onoisc; ava8sn:t w nap6v 7tp0Yl:OKOAAO crm Kp6:n1 µs1c11 wuc;. :E'ttc; 7tBptmcocretc; au1:sc;, ta Kpa-i:11 µe1c11 'tCOV opyavtcrµcov amcov OBY OtKmouv-i:m va acri<;ouv 'ta otKmcoµam aU'Ca µeµovcoµeva. Ap8po 15: Kupco<J11, mi:o6ox,tj, &"fKPl<J11 Km 1tpOGJ(,OJPTt611 1. To 1tap6v 1tpco1:6KOAAO 1J7tOKEttm crE 1cupcocrri, anoooxiJ T\ eyKptcrri an:6 ta unoypo;cpovta. µspri. 2. To nap6v npcot6KoAAO ea napaµEi.vet avouct6 an:6 ttc; 31 Ma'iou 2000 yia npocrxcop11cr11 Kpm:cov Km opyavtcrµcov nou n1c11pouv nc; anm~crmc; 1:YJc; napaypacpou 1 wu ap8pou 14. 3. Ta syypacpa K'UpCOCITJc;, anoooxiJc;, eyicptcrric; T\ npocrxcopricrric; 1camtteev1:m crtov eeµm;ocpUMKa. Ap0po 16: @eµatocpUA(),1((),(; dvm O revtK6c; fpaµµm:foc; 'CO)V Hvroµevcov E0vcov. Ap0po 17: 1. To nap6v npco1:61<01cAO -i:i0emt cre tcr:x,u triv BVBVYJKOcrtft 11µ!\pa an6 trJV rii1epoµ11v{a Kata tYJV ono{a ea Katataeei O'tOV eeµatocp'UA,CJ,K(J, to o!\Kato EKto eyypacpo K'UpCOCTTJ<;, a1tOOO:X,Tjt;, eyKptcrric; to'\l nap6vtoc; 7tpCOtoKOAA01l, iJ 1tpocrxcop11crric; ae a1J1:6, 2. fta Ka8e Kpatoc; Kat opyavtcrµ6 11:01) 1CAljpo{ ttc; anm~cretc; trJc; napaypacpou 1 tOU ap8pou 14, w onofo KUpcovet, anoos:x,emt ft eyKp{vat to nap6v npoot6ico1c1co ft npocr:x,oopd crs au,;6 µeta tYJV Kat<l8BCTYJ toll 061Ca'C01l ElC'W'\l eyypacpou K'UpCOCITJ<;, a1tOOO:X,TJ<;, eyKptCTYJ<; TJ 1Cp00''.X,COPYJCTYJ<;, to 7tp00t01COM.0 •d8ew,t cre tcrx;(> 1:YJV BVBVT1KOO''CTJ ljµepa an6 'CT\V 1'\µepa KataeECTYJ<; toll syypacpou K'UpOOCTYJ<;, anooO:X,T]<;, eyKptCITj<:; ft npocr:x,coprtcrrtc;, Ap0po 18: Ono-ceofino,e µeta napeAEucrri nevtae1:iac; an6 TllV 1iµepo µ rtvia Kata trJV onoia to nap6v npoot6KOAA.0 e:x,et teee{ cre tcrx;u yta eva µepoc;, to µepoc; ouvamt va ano:x,copftcret a1t6 a1J1:6 amo{oovtac; ypan~ 1COtv07tOl1'\CTYJ Cl'tOV eeµata<p'UA(),1((),, H ano:x,copricrrt tcr;o5et an6 tTjV BVBVrtKOO'tT] riµepa µata trJV rtµapoµ11via napa1ca~ftc; tric; KotvorcoirtCITJ<:; an6 tov eeµa,:ocpu1ca1Ca ft crn µetayevecr1:ep1111µepoµrivia rcou evoexoµevcoc; 1Ca8opH;swt 0-1:YJV KOtvono{ricrri anoxcopricrric;, Ap8po 19: A1l8EVTlKii l(Elf.lZV<l To 1tpco1:6wrco -cou nap6vtoc; rcpco1:01<6AAou, -cou orcofou to Katµavo cr,riv ayytctlCTJ, ya1c1cucfi Km trJ pcocrtKll s{vm al;{crou au8entKa, Ka,a,i0e,m cr,:ov favtK6 fpaµµm:fo ,cov Hvooµevrov E8vcov. :EE TII:ETrl:EH TON ANrlTEPrl, ot unoysypaµµevot, oa6vtcoc; el;oucnoootriµevot, 1J1teypmvav tO nap6v 1cpco'tOKOAAO, 'Eytvs crto Gothenburg (:Eourtoia), trJV 30~ Nosµ~pfou 1999. 300 IlAP APTHMA I KPI!:IMA <l>OPTIA KAI !:TA0ME:E I. KPIEIMA <l>OPTIA OE:YTHTA:E A. rw, µfon BVT6c; 'tOU yaroypacptKOU 7tEOiou 'tOU EMEP 1. Ta Kpicrtµa cpop'tia (6rccoc; opit;ov'tilt cno <ip8po 1) ol.;1rrr1,:a,c; yta Ta otKocn>cr'LT\µa,,:a, Ka8opit;ov'tm cruµcprova µa w ayx,mpiow µaSoooA.Oyu:ov Km KptTitpirov yw TI\ x,aptoyp<icp11crri Trov Kpicrtµrov cr'ta0µrov/cpopt{rov Km Trov yaroypa<ptKrov rcepwx,rov 6rcou uirnppa,ivov'tm, w onoio nsptAaµp<ivaw,t cr'tT\ cruµPacrri. Ilp6KEttm yta 'tT\ µsytcr'tT\ nocr6trt'ta BVanoSfoarov nou npoKaAouv ol.;ivtcrri nou µnops{ va unocrTEi eva, otKocrucrTTtµa µaKponp68wµa x,ropic; va un:ocrTEi PMP11- Ta Kpimµa, cpop'tia o/.;u'tT\m<; yta. TO <it;row ACJ,µpavouv uit6\j/1'J Tl<; otaotKacrisc; anoµa.Kpuvcrric; tou at;rowu EVt6c; Tou otKocn>cr'LT\µa,T oc; (n.x,. anopp6<prtcrri an6 ,:a, cput<i), svro ,:a, Kpicrtµa q>opTia · o/.;i>Trttac; ym 1:0 Saio OEV ttJ:; 11,a,µp<ivouv uit6\j/T\, To µstKt6 Kpi.crtµo q>optio yta. to 0aio Km to <it;row ACJ,µpavst un6\jlrt to <it;row µ6vo 6,:a,v rt EVan68ecrri ul;rotou um;ppa.i.vm 'tT\V n:ocr6t11w, at;rotou 7t01J a.noµa.KpUVBtcJ,t flSO"ro 1:COV limouca.crtcov tou OtlCOcnJO"'LT\µrtwc;. 'QACJ, ta. Kpicrtµa. q>optia 11:0U a.va.cpspovtm crttc; EK8fow; tCOV µaprov cn>VO\j/l½OV'tm yta. XPT\CTT\ m:a. OAOKAl]proµevu µovTEACJ, EKtiµ11crric; nou x,p11mµonotouv,:a,t roe; 1<a.1:au8uv'LT\ptE<; ypa.µµsc; yta. wv Ka.0opicrµ6 1:rov uvro,:a,,:rov op{cov EK1t0µ1trov 'tOU 1ta.pa.p'tftµa.1:0c; II. B. fta. µi;pn crm B6pEta. AµsptK1] 2. fta., 'tOV uva.t0At1C6 Ka.va.oc'i,, ta. Kpicrtµa. cpop,:{a, Saiou Km ut;ro1:0u yta. ,:a, oa.crtK<i OtKOcrucr,:ftµa.,:a, sx,ouv Ka.0optcrtE{ µs E1tt0"1:1']µovtKB<; µe0olioADyiBc; Ka.t Kpt-i:ftpta. (EK-ciµricrri yta. TI\V 61.;tvri f3pox,ft crtov Ka.vuo<i ,:ou 1997), av1:{cr1:01x,a. µa EKEiva. wu eyx,mptliiou µaSoooADytrov Krtt Kp11:11pirov ytu 'tT\ x,a.ptoypacp11crri 1:cov Kpicrtµrov ma.0µrov/cpoptlrov Ka.t Tcov yaroypuq>tKrov n:spwx,rov 6n:ou unapf3a.ivovta.t, w on:o{o n:EptAa.µp<iva,:a,i O"TI\ cruµPa.crri, Ot t1µsc; TOOV Kpimµrov q>op,:{cov (6mi:Jc; op{sov-i:a.t crto <ip8po I) o/.;UTTtta.c; yta. wv a.va.toAtK6 Kuva.M a.cpopouv ta. 8BnK<i ol.;fo crE f3pox,6moocrri, EKq>pu1;6µEVE<; crs kg/mc1:<ip10/i;,:oc;. H Albe1ta m:o liut11<6 Ka.va.o<i, 6n:ou ot crt<i0µac; EVa.1t66ecrric; ppicrKovta.t airi wu na.p6v1:0c; K<itro uir6 ,:a, naptPa.AA.OVttK<i 6pta., sx,at mo0e,:ftcret ta. yBVtK<i cruITTitµa.,:a, ,:a,1.;tv6µ1']0"1']c; 1:rov Kpicrtµmv cpop1:ioov, nou x,pricrtµonoto-6vta.t CTTI\V Eupro7t11 yta. 'tT\ OUV1'JtlKT\ o/.;U'tT\'tU 'tOU Eo<icpouc;. H ouvri1:uc11 ol;-61:ri'ta. U7tOAO'Yi½B't(l,t a.cpa.tprov,:a,c; 'tT\ crlJVOAttj (uypft Ka.t l;11pft) EVa.1t66E0"1'] Katt6VtO)V p<iO"'l']c; un:6 EKEiv11 'tOU 0dou Ka.t toll a.l;ro1:ou. E,c1:6c; a.n:6 ta. Kpimµu cpop,:{a. ouvrinKitc; ol;uTitta.c;, rt Albe1ta EX,Et SacriricrBt q>opTia. cr1:6x,ouc; Kat q>optiu 1ta.puKoA.0-66rt011c; ym 'tT\ omx,aiptO"'I'] 1:mv EKiroµirrov irou npoKa.A.Ouv ol.;ivtO"'I']. 3. f'ta. nc; Hvcoµevac; IT011,1wisc; TT\<; AµBptKitc;, ot ammrocraic; 'tT\S ol.;ivtO"'I']<; uiro11,oyit;ovmt µfooo B1C1:iµ11crric; TI\S EUa.tcr811crim; 1:COV OtKOcrucr1:riµ!1,1:@v, ,:OU cn>VOAtKO"IJ cpop,:iou 1:0)V BV(DQ"EO)V 7t0U itpOKUAOUV ol;iVtO"'I'] sv1:6c; 1:0)V Ot1C00"1JO"Trtµ<i1:mv, Ka.t Titc;·· a.papa.t6Titta.c; crx,EttlCO: µa w; Ot(l,OtKrtcriEc; a.noµ<iKpUVO"'I']<; tOU a.t;rowu BV1:6c; 1:COV OtKQcn>crTitµ<i,:mv. 4. Ta. EV A6yro cpop,:(u Ka.t ot amn1:rocrstc; x,pricrtµon:otouvmt cr,:a. OADKA'l']pmµeva. µovtEAU EK1:iµricrric; Ka.t ira.pi;x,ouv Krt8olift'Y110"1'J yia. tov Ka.8opwµ6 1:mv a.vro1:a.1:mv opimv EK1toµnrov ft/Km µatrocracov yta. wv Ka.va.M Krtt nc; Hvmµevac; IloAtwiac; t'l']c; AµaptKJ1<; crto na.p<ip,11µa. II. Il. KPI:EIMA <l>OPTIA 0PEilTIKOY AZOTOY f'ta, µspn EV'l:OC 1:01) yamypa.cptlCO"U 7tBOtoU 1:0U EMEP 5. Ta. Kpimµa. cpop,:{a. (61t0)(; opil;ov1:m cr,:o <ip8po I) SpaitnKo-6 a.t;rowu (rnnpocpicrµ6c;) ym ,:a, otKocrucrtfiµa.m Ka8opit;ovta.t cruµcpoova µa 1:0 syx,stpioto µa800011,oytrov Ka.t Kpt1:ripioov yta. 'tT\ x,a.p,:oypU<p1']0"1'] 't@V Kpfotµ@V crta.0µrov/<poptirov Ka.t 1:00V yamypa.q>UC(DV 7tBptoX,WV 07t0U u1tsppa.ivov1:m, 1:0 oiroio itEptAUµp<ivamt crtrt cruµpuO"'l'J. Ilp61Cat1:m yta. TI\ µsytcr'tT\ rcocr6trt~a. BVan60E0"1']<; ul;rowu irou irpoKa.Mi w1:pocptcrµ6 1:riv oiroia. µno pd va. uirocr,:a{ µa.Kpo1tp68scr µa. evu o tK <>~cr1:riµa x,mpic; va. uirocrwi f3NiPrt- 'OAU ,:u, 1cpicrtµa. cpop,:{a, nou a.va.q>Epov1:m crw; 301 6K0fostc; 't(OV µspcbv mJVO'JftsOVtat -yw, XPTJOT\ O"t(l, OAOlCA'r)pCOµeva. µovtaAU 6K1:iµ11cnic; '/COU XP~crtµonoto'Uvi:a.t me; Ka.'tsu0uv1:T]pIBc; ypa.µµsc; yta. ,:ov Ka0optcrµo tmv avcb1:a1:mv opicov· c1moµncbv ,:ou napap'l:Tjµawc; II. m. KPU:IMEI: I:TA0MEI: OZONTOI: A. fw, µspn 6V1:0C: tOU ysmypa<ptKO'U nE01.0U 'tOU EMEP 6. Ot Kpimµsc; m:a0µsc; (oii:mc; opfsovtat cr,:o cip0po I) ot;ov1:0c; Ka0opi1;ovi:a.t yw, 1:11v npocr,:a,cr{a, 'tIDV <pU'tcbV cruµ<prova, µs 'tO EYXctpioto µs0oooAOytcbV Kat Kpt'l:'r)pirov yta 1:'r) xa.ptoypa<pricrri 1:rov Kpicrtµrov crta0µcbv/<poptimv Kat 1:mv ysroypa.<ptKcbv nsp1oxrov 6nou un:sppa.ivovi:at, 1:0 onoio nsptAaµpa.vstat CT'C'r) cruµpa.cni. E1e<ppat;ov1:m roe; crropsuµev11 sK0scrri, 11 onoi.a unsppa.ivst sva 6pto cruyKevtprocrric; ot;ovi:oc; 40 ppb (parts per billion by volume, µsp11 a.vu otcrsKa.wµµ'Upto 1m1:' 6-yKov). O sv Myro 0EiK1:11c; s,c0scrric; a.vacpspsi:m roe; AOT40 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40ppb, cruvoAtKT] s1e0scni civro wu opiou trov 40ppb). O AOT40 un:oAOyit;si:a.t roe; 1:0 6.0potcrµa 1:rov ota<popcbv µsml;u 1:11c; ropw,iac; cruyKsvi:pmcrric; ( crs ppb) ,cm 40ppb yia ,c6,0s cbpa, o,:a,v 11 cruyKsvtprocrri un:sppaivst ,:a, 40ppb. 7. H µaKpon:p60ecrµ11 Kpicrtµ'T] cna.0µ11 6sov·i:oc; yw, ttc; KUMtBpyewi;, Tj'tOt AOT40 yta 3000ppb.cbpec; yw, 1:11v nspiooo Ma.tou-IouAiou (11 onoia XPTJcrtµonowhm roe; cruviJ011c; KUM1EPYTJ1:tKT] n:spioooc;) Kat yta 'ttc; cbpsc; a.no 'C'r)V a.vai:oA:fJ µsxpt 'CY) Merri 1:0U TJAiou, XP11mµonotiJ011,ce yta tOV npocrotoptcrµo 1:rov 11:Eptoxcbv '/tOU Ota.tpsxouv 1dvouvo, crnc; onoiec; n:a.pa.1:Y)pEha.t unspPa.crri 1:'r)<; Kpimµric; cri:6.0µric;, To µovi:sAO 61C'ttµ'T]CTT]c; 'ltOU smMx011ics a.no 'tO na.pov 11:pro1:01eoAAo yta. 1:11v napoxiJ ica.tsu0uv1:T]ptrov ypaµµcbv yta 1:0v npocrotoptcrµ6 1:rov avcb'ta.'trov opirov e=oµmov cr1:o na.pap'C'r)µa II npospAEns cruyiceicptµsvri µsirocni 1:o)V uneppacrsrov, H µaicponp60ecrµri cr1:6.0µri 61;ovm; yta. nc; KUAAtspysm; AUµpavsi:a.1 snicnic; U'ltO\JITJ yta. 'C'r)V npocr,:a,cria. ClAArov <pU'tcbV, onroc; osvtprov Ka.t <pUcrtKT]i; PAUO"'i:'r)OT\i;, Ot smcr'C'r)µOVtKsc; spya.crisc; cruvsxfsovi:a.t yta. 'tTJV a.v6.n:rul;11 µme; n:sptcrcrowpo ota<popono1111-1svTJc; spµrivsia.c; 't(OV un:sp~a.crsrov trov Kpimµmv cr1:a.0µrov ot;oV'toc; yta. 'C'rJ P"-6.CT'C'r)OT\, 8, Mta. 1epimµ11 cr,:6.0µ11 61;ov1:0c; yta. 1:11v a.v0pcbmvTJ uysia 6K<ppci1;st ,:o Enineoo 61;ovwc; 120µg/m3 me; µs(JT] ttµiJ yta 8 ropEc;, to onoio 0fasi 11 Ka.tsu0uv1:iJpta. ypa.µµiJ y1a. 1:11v nm6tTJ'ta 1:ou a.spa. 1:0u IIa.yicocrµtou Opya.vtcrµo'U Yysia.c; (IIOY). :Es cruvspya.cria. µs to nspt<pspEtaKo ypa.<peio yta 'tTJV Eupro'ltTJ 1:ou IIa.y,c6crµtou Opya.vtcrµou Yysia.c; (WHO/EURO), µta. KpicrtµT] m:6.0µ11 EK<ppa.1;6µevri crE AOT60 (crropEUµEVTJ s,c0scrri civro tou opiou 1:rov 60 ppb), T]'tot 120 µg/m3, nou unoAOyicr1:11Ks cre 616.cr'C'r)µa. evoc; swuc;, sy,cpi0TJK6 crs av1:um1:6.crmcrri 1:'r)<; ,ca.1:eu0uv1:fipmc; ypa.µµiJc; yia. 'tTJV not6'C'r)m wu a.spa. 1:0u IIOY yta. 1:ouc; cr,cono'Uc; tou OAOKATJpcoµsvou µovtsAou sic,:iµTJ(JT]c;, H m:ci0µ11 a.u'CT] XPTJcrtµonorfJ0TJKB ym i:ov n:pocrotoptcrµo trov nspioxrov '/tOU /)w,,:psxouv Kivouvo, crnc; onoisc; n:a.pU'tTJpEha.t unspPa.crric; 1:'r)<; Kpicr1µ11c; cr1:ci0µric;. To µov1:sAO sK1:iµ11(JT]c; nou amMx0TJK6 a.n6 to napov nprot6KoAAo ym 'C'r)V na.poxit ,ca,,:su0uvtfiptcov ypa.µµcbv yta. 1:0v npocr8toptcrµ6 1:rov a.vcb1:a.1:rov op{rov s,cnoµn:cbv cr,:o 1ta.p6.p1:riµa II n:posPAEnE cruyKEKptµevri µsirocrri trov unsppcicrscov, B. r1a. µspn cr:m B6pma. Auwttj 9, fta. 'tOV Ka.va.oa, ot KptcrtµE<; cr,:a0µE<; 6/;ovtoc; Ka.0op{(;OV'ta.t Yta. 1:11V npocr,:a,cr{a, 1:'Tj<; a.v0pcb7ttvTJc; uysia.c; Ka.t i:ou nsp1paAAov1:0c; Ka.t xprimµonotouv,:m yta. 'tTJ 0scrmcrri evoc; 11:0.VKO.VO.OtKO'U 1tp01:1J'ltOU yta. 'to o(;ov, Ta. a,vcbm,:a, 6pta. EKnoµnrov '/tOU a,va.<pSpOV'tUt CT'CO na.pcip'C'r)µa. II ,ca.0opi1;ovi:a.t cruµcprova. µs 1:'r)V smo1ro1e6µev11 crtci0µ11 n:ou a.na.t1:Eha.t ym 'tTJV E'ltttEU/;TJ wu na.v,ca.va.01:,co'U nporonou ym w 61;ov. lo. fta nc; HvroµsvEc; IloAttaisc; 'CY)<; AµsptKT]c;, 01 ,cpi<'nµec; cr,ci0µsc; 61;ovwc; ,ca,0;pfsovi:m ym 1:'r)V npocr,a.cr{a. 1:11c; 811µ6ma.c; uysia.c; µs Ena.picsc; n:Ept0cbpto a.cr<pa.Mia.c;, yta. 111v npocr,:a,cr(a. 'tTJ<; 011µ6cr1a.c; su11uspia.c; a.no ,c6.0E yvrocr'CT] ii npoPAEnoµevri smPAUPTJ snin'tro(JT], ,cm XPTJcrtµon:OtoUV'ta.t yta. 'tl] 0fom(JT] sv6c; s0vtKOU npownou 1tot61:111:a.c; 1:0U a.spa. ,:bu 11:sp1palliv1:0c;. To OAOKA'Tjpcoµevo np6wno EK1:iµ11crric;· 1cm to np6wno yta. .1:'r)V notO'C'r)'ta. ,:ou a.spa. XPT]crtµon:otouV'ta.t yta. 1:'r)V na.poxfl Ka.tEu0uv'tT]ptmv ypa.µµcbv yw. ,:ov n:pocrotoptcrµ6 tcov a.vcbta.trov opirov Elcn:oµncbv Tj/Ka.t 1:rov µstcbcrsrov yta. nc; Hvroµsvsc; IloAttsisc; 1:11c; AµspuciJc; crto na.pa.p1:11µa. II. 302 IlAP APTHMA II ANOTATA OPIA EKilOMilON Ta avclrca,;a, 6pm eKnoµm:ov nou na.pa,;i0ev1:at crwui; icchco0t n[vmcei; crxe1:H;ov1:at µe ,:ii; oia,:ci~eti; 1:COV napaypaqicov 1 Kat 10 ,:01) cip0pou 3 ,:01) nap6vwi; npcotoKOAA01J, Ot cr,:a0µec; eKnoµncbv wu 1980 Kat wu 1990 Ka.0cb<; Kat 01 noaoanaiec; µeubcreu; ,:cov eimoµncbv napa,,:{0evmt aicotletmtica yta criconouc; 1tA1lPOCJl6p11cn1c;. Ilivaicac; 1 Avcfrmi-a opw, eicnop.mcbv Oeiou (xthaoec; i-ovot S02 ava irro<;) Enim,6a Avcoi-ai-a sniirn6a Iloaoo-i-miE; µs1cbo-e1s mmo1.ncbv mcno1tncov -yia i-o EKitOpl,11:COV "flfl, 't'O 2010 I:uµ,paA-Mµ,svo J.Ulpm; 1980 1990 2010 (xpovtK11 PliITTJ i-o 1990) AouEv!a 141 73 73 0% Auawia 400 91 39 -57% Asuicoorocria 740 637 480 -25% Bat.:vto 828 372 106 -72% BOUA.'YUoia 2050 2008 856 -57% Kava6cic i;0vtic6 (al 4643 3236 PEMA(SOMA) 3135 1873 Kooaria 150 180 70 -61% Kunooc\b) 28 46 39 -15% Tcrf:'Yt1Cll Ll.numcoaria 2257 1876 283 -85% Ll.avia 450 182 55 -70% ©wA.avoia 584 260 116 -55% f'aA.A.(a 3208 1269 400 -68% rsnuavia 7514 5313 550 -90% EA-Moa 400 509 546 7% Ouvvao(a 1633 1010 550 -46% IoA.av6ia 222 178 42 -76% ltaA.ia 3757 1651 500 -70% Ai;i:wvia - 119 107 -10% Atnev<nciw 0.39 0.15 0.11 -27% At0ouavia 311 222 145 -35% Aoul:euBouovo 24 15 4 -73% Kcii:ro Xrooec 490 202 50 -75% NooBnvia 137 53 22 -58% IToA.rov!a 4100 3210 1397 -56% IToowvaA.ia 266 362 170 -53% linumcoatla me MoMaB(ac 308 265 135 -49% Pouuavia 1055 1311 918 -30% Procmdi Ouocrnovoia cµJ 7161 4460 PEMA 1062 1133 635 -44% 1:A.oBaKia 780 543 110 -80% 1:A.oBEvia. 235 194 27 -86% Ianavia tPl 2959 2182 774 -65% 1:ouno{a 491 119 67 -44% EA.Bsria 116 43 26 -40% Ouicoavia 3849 2782 1457 -48% Hvrouevo Bacr{A.Eto 4863 3731 625 -83% Hvro11svec TioA.t'teiec t'11c A11enumc <r> Euoronai:1CT1 Kow6mnx, 26456 16436 4059 -75% 303 (a) Ka:ra TI1V KUpwcni, a1rooox,1111 i\y1<:p1cni ,:ou mxp6vi:os 1tpw,01<:6Uou, 11 Kina TI1V 1tpocrx,6Jp11cn'] i:ou crs am6, o Kavaoai; u1ropa,.,AE1 ava avro,ai:o 6pto e1<:1roµ1rrov yia i:o 0sio, sh:s crs s0vtK6 s1ri1rs60 ehs yia 1:11v PEMA .ou, Km ea n:pocr1rae11crs1 va op{crst ava av6J,:aw 6p10 y1a ,:o 2010. H PEMA yia .o esio 0a s(vat Tl 1tspt0X,l] 6iax,eip1cnic; ol;s16irov ,:ou 0siou (SOMA), Tl onoia op!crTI1KS ws SOMA vonoava;,:o,.,ucou KavaM. pacrst ,:ou 1rapapt11µai:oc; III ,:ou 1tprowK6Uou y1a TI1V nspam\pw µsiwcni ,:wv &Kn:oµmliv esiou, nou eyKpi0T]KE cr,:o 'OcrM crns 14 Iouv{ou 1994. Ilp6Kst,m yia µia 1tsp1ox,11 1 sKai:oµµupiou ,ei:payrov1K6Jv X,tht0µi\,:pwv, Tl onoia neptt,,a,µpave1 6"-TJ TilV emKpa,:sia ,:rov s1tapx,1rov TilS N11crou Prince Edward, TilS Neas tKonac;, tou New Brunswick, 6"-11 TI1V mucpai:eta TilS enapx,{ac; i:ou Quebecvonwc; µtac; su0eiac; ypaµµ11s µetal;u ,:ou Havre-St.Pierre CTTil p6peia aKtr\ ,:ou K6hn:ou i:ou St-Laurent Kat ,:ou crriµeiou 61tou ,:o cruvopci .. Quebec-Ontario i:aµve,at µe TI1V aK.oypaµµl] .ou 6pµou James, mt D"-11 TI1V aK'taITTJ TilS e1rapx,ias ,:au Ontario, vonro,; µ1m; eueeias ypaµµ11c; µe,:al;u ,:au crriµeiou 61rou 1:0 cruvopo Ontario Quebec taµvem1 µs TI1V aKwypaµµ11 .ou 6pµou ,:ou Jmnes Kat tov 1romµ6 Nipigon, Kov,a cr-r11 J36psia 6x,e11 TilS ,.,{µvric; Superior. (J3) Ta cri:otx,e[a 1crx,uouv yta ,:a eupw1tai:K6 ,µ11µa ev,6,; TIJ<; nspto)(,T]c; wu EMEP. (y) Ka,a TI1V KUpOOO'TJ, a1to6ox,1111 syKptO'T] ,:ou 1tap6vi:oc; n:pw'tOKOhhDU, 11 KCJ.'ta TI1V irpocrx,ropricri] wuc; crs aui:6, m Hvroµavsc; Ilohtwlec; TilS AµsptKT]c; un:oJ3a"-"'°uv, 1rpo1Cs1µi\vou va O'llµ1tspth1l<peouv aw nap6v 1tapap'tJlµa: a) e181Ka µa,pa µeicocrric; trov EK1toµ1rrov sqmpµocrtlia crs Ktv11,sc; Kat crta0spsc; 7tf\YBS eeiou, nou ea sq,apµocr,:ouv sh:s crn s0vtK6 smns8o s(,:g ev,6c; µtac; PEMA, sav sx,st unoJ3"-1les{ µta PEMA yta to eefo yta O'llµ1tspi"-TJ'V1l crto 1tap<ip'tJlµa III, Pl µta nµ11 yia ,1,; O'llVOhUCac; EK~µroµevs,; crta0µsc; EK1toµ1rrov es(ou yia 'tO 1990, si'tE crs eev1K6 67tt7t600 sits yta TT\V PEMA, y) µta EVOB\KtlKT] nµ11 yta n,; O'llVOA,\1C6S crtaeµsc; EK1t0µ1trov es!ou yta 'tO 20 I 0, shs cre sev1K6 sm1ts60 cii:s )'ta TI1V PEMA, Kai 6) O'llcrx,sncrµi\vs,; BKnµ11crs1c; TilS 1rocrocr,iaiw; µs{cocrric; EK1toµn:rov esiou. To cr,mx,Elo J3) ea nepthT]<peEf cr,:ov 1r[vaKa Kat ,a cr,mx,s[a a), y) Km 6) ea nsptATJ<peouv as unocrriµstrocrri wu mvaKa. (6) Ta crw1x,eia yia 'tJlV K61rpo uweet11e11Kav O'tJlV 23" auvooo mu EKwAEcrttKou Opyavou TilS tuµpacrri,;. 304 IlivaKm; 2 AV<.O't'(l't'(l opta 81C1toµ:n:rov ol;i:toimv TOU a;ro-rou Q'.lA.UXOE<; 't'OVOt N02 ava ETO<;) :E'IJftjJalMµ,svo µiipo<; Eninsiia Avun:a-ra c'ipta IloO'om1aiE<; µEtO>O'Et<; EKnoµnrov 1990 EK7!0ft7!00V 'Yla 't'O EK7!0µ7!00V 'YIU TO 2010 2010 {,ynovtKii MO'tl 't'O 1990) Aousvia 46 46 0% Auo-wia, 194 107 -45% AEUK'.000)0-t(l, 285 255 -11% Btil'Yto 339 181 -47% B0111.:vaoia 361 266 -26% Ka.vo:66.c; <•J 2104 Kooo:rlo: 87 87 0% Kunpoc; col 18 23 28% To-E'Ytlcrl LinuoKoa:tia 742 286 -61% Liavia 282 127 -55% <l>w11.av6io: 300 170 -43% fot.,t.fo 1882 860 -54% f'souavia 2693 1081 -60% E1,M60: 343 344 0% Quyyo;oia 238 198 -17% fomvo{a 115 65 -43% Ii:at.fa 1938 1000. -48% As,:,:ovia 93 84 -10% AW.'t'EVo-tcitv 0.63 0.37 -41% At0ouav[o: 158 110 -30% Aou~sul3ofoyo 23 11 -52% Ka.'t'Ol Xroosc 580 266 -54% Noo13nr!a 218 156 -28% TT011.rovia 1280 879 -31% TToptoya1.,ia 348 260 -25% Lin uo1<:parla me MoAlla13!w; 100 90 -10% Pouuavia 546 437 -20% Proo-tlCTI Oµo0'7t0Voia (µ) 3600 PEMA 360 265 -26% :E1;ol3a,Kia, 225 130 -42% :E1.,ol3EV[a 62 45 -27% Ianavia <~) 1113 847 -24% :Eounoia 338 148 -56%' E1.,jktia 166 79 -52% Ou1epa,v[a 1888 1222 -35% Hvroµtvo Ba.o-iAEto 2673 1181 -56% HvrouevEc IloAtte!Ee me Aue011dic lrl Eupronat1C17 Kotv6-rrrm 13161 6671 -49% (a) Kata t1'JV lCTiprocni, mi:ooo;o111 eyKptcni wu 1mp6vwc; nprowK6A.AOu, ii Kct,6. t1'JV npocrxror11m\ wu crs au,6, o Kava6ac; unoP6.1'.ABt nc; cri:&.0µs,; EKnoµnrov ol;atoirov wu al;ci.Jwu ym w 1990 Km m av(ow.m 6pta sKnoµnrov ol;etoicov wu ttl;onou yw w 2010, shs crs e0vuc6 miirnoo ehe ym t1'JV PEMA wu yw w ol;siow. .ou ul;rowu, s6.v exe1 unop&.1'.1'.Et µia. 305 (y) Ka:ca TIJV KUprorni, cxno6o;di ii syKp1011 wu 1tcxp6v1:0<; ITprowK6Uou, ii Ka'i:li t11V 1tpocriccop11oii wu<; cre au,:6, m HvroµsvEc; IT0:\.1rn1Ec; tr\<; Aµsp1Kiic; unopa.Uouv, npoKstµsvou va cruµ1tEp!7'.11cp0ouv aw ncxp6v ncxpliptrjµcx: ex) ElOIKU µstpCI. µsirocrri<; nov aK1t0µ1tOJV acpcxpµocrn\cx cra KlVljtB<; KIX\ crm0apsc; 'ltljysc; o~a16irov toU IX~COtOU, 7tOU ea acpcxpµocrrouv ai,a m: a0v1K6 amnsoo Eiw svt6<; µllX<; PEMA, Eliv sica1 unoP:l.110si µllX PEMA yllX tcx o~ai6ta wu al;rowu yllX cruµnapl:l.111J111 m;o naplipniµa III, P) 111a nµ,; yllX nc; cruvo:\.ucsc; sKnµroµsvsc; m:lieµE<; aKnoµnrov ol;ato{rov WU ~OJtOU YllX w 1990, 6L't6 cra a0v1K6 smnaoo aha 'YllX t11V PEMA, y) µllX 6V06tKnKii nµ,; ytcx nc; ITTJVOAtKsc; crr6.0µac; aKJtoµnrov ol;616irov wu cxl;rowu 'YllX w 2010, aha cra a8v1K6 amnaoo aha yllX trJV PEMA, KIXI 6) crucricancrµsve<; B1"tlµiicr6l<; nic; nocrocrnalcxc; µa(ro<Jljc; aKnoµnrov ol;Etliirov wu cxl;rowu. To crwixaio P) 0cx 1tEp1A1jrp8ai O'toV 1tLVIXKIX Kat m CT'tOl)cEill Cl.), y) Kat Ii) ea 1tEplA1j<p0ouv cra unorniµa(wrni toU 1t!vaKIX. (Ii) Ta crtOt)cEicx ytcx t11V Kunpo u100Et,;011Kcxv crrriv 23" cruvooo wu EKtaAEcrnKou Opylivou t11S l:uµPcxrnic;. 306 Uiva1ea.:; 3 Avroi:-ai:-q: 6pta mowµnrov aµ,µ,covia.:; (xtAtaOE<; i:-6vot NH3 avci tw.:;) E11t1tEOU EIC1!0Jt7lOOV AVCO't'U't'U 6pta Ilocro<ntaiE<; µ.siroomc; 1990 EIC1!0Jt1!COV yta 't'O EK110µ,11cl>v yia w 2010 I:vµ,pail6µzvo µ,tpo<; 2010 (xpovim\ flo:O'IJ i-o 1990) ApµEV{a 25 25 0% Auc:11:oia 81 66 -19% AsuKoorocrio. 219 158 -28% Bslyto 107 74 -31% Bou11,yapio. 144 108 -25% Kooatia 37 30 -19% Kunoo, <Pl 7 9 29% Tcrsx.1Kfi Ll.nµoKpo.1:io. . 156 101 -35% Lia.via 122 69 -43% <l>tvAUVliio. 35 31 -11% faAlia 814 780 -4% fspuo.viu 764 550 -28% EA.Aci6a 80 73 -9% Ouyyapio. 124 90 -27% IpA.O,VOto. 126 116 -8% haAia 466 419 -10% f, S't'COVlU 44 44 0% -At%'t:EVCJ't:0:tV 0.15 0.15 0% At0ouavio. 84 84 0% J\.ou~sµpoupyo 7 7 0% ~-\,1:ro Xropsc; 226 128 -43% ~,ppriyiu 23 23 0% Tiulrovia 508 468 -8% r op,oyat..{o. 98 108 10% Llr1/toKpatlu 't'llc; MoAlio.Pio.c; 49 42 -14% Pouµuvio. 300 210 -30% Proutlcr] Oµocrnovliiu (a) 1191 Pr.MA 61 49 -20% EwPuKio. 62 39 -37% !:AoPsvia 24 20 -17% Icmavio. (a) 351 353 1% Jourioia 61 57 -7% ~"Psno. 72 63 -13% ( )UKpav{o, 729 592 -19% F' l Ivroµtvo Bo.crikto 333 297 -11% Eupromxi:1CT] Kotv6't'1jm 3671 3129 -15% ( a) Ta mmxsia 1crxuouv yia -i:o rupm11atK6 ,µi]µa sv,6i; -rrii; nsp10XJ\i; .au E;MEP. (P) Ta mmxda yta -rriv K-(mpo 1Jl00oTT]81jKav O'tllV 23~ cruvooo mu EK'tEf.,E<JTIKOU Opyuvou Tils Lur1Pam1i;. 307 Ilivaimc;4 Avro,:a,:a 6pta EKTi:OjWtIDV 1tT1\TlKIDV opyavmrov EVIDO'EO)V (xtA-10:0Ec; TOVOL voe ava ewe;) E:n:famoa A vroi-ui:a 6pw. Iloaoui:wiEi; µsiroami; EK11:0Jl,11:00V 1990 EK:n:OJl,7!00V yta TO EK7!0Jl,7!00V 'YW TO 2010 I:1J1t6a1,,J..6J.1,EV0 u.fooi:; 2010 (YOOVtK'I] (lUCl'I] 't'O 1990) An"="N Rl RT 00/4 """'""lN 1'il 1:'iQ -:'i'i% A ·-frt q1 ':lflO -4?.% "A.6'\,v,n 124 144 -56% r, . 217 JR<; .1,0; • T(NUN,;,(,r (a) '>S!RO T<nnm-lN TM QO -14% T< ,,.,,.nnc (O) 18 14 . ')')0/4 'Trmvnm Am' nvnN..jr, .11'i ')')fl .,100/4 Am,IN 17R SM -'i?% ....... , -··"'- ')(lQ 110 -1R% rr11Hr1 ')Q','7 110fl .(;1% f'pnum.:~ 11Q'i 00, .i,0% P11/2);N 171 ?61 -10% 01l'V'VIY.n1f'I 'JO'i 117 -11% Tn1m,.RiN 10'7 <;<; .'7?0/, T"N1lN ')')11 11,;o -4R% A----··'~ J<;? 1% -11% ,\ 1 51, fl Rh ,1,;o;. '-" ofN 101 Q? -11% I\ nnl'm • Am',nom ?.O 0 -'i'i% K ftrrn X rhnsr <;(l') 1Q1 -6?.% . - ' 110 1Q'i .17% TTo'.l.mvfn R11 ROO .4% TT "'- (;40 ?O? -fiR% An,.-·---·-'-· =r Mn1;;;NAINr 1'i7 . 100 -16% ~ filfi ST\ .1'i% Prn,mm n, .o• (P/ 1""" PFl\,fl, ?01 li,'i -10% '>'1-"-··-'-· 140 140 -6% '>'1-"-·'-· 4?. 40 -'i¾ fr,,rm,!N lJl/ 1094 (;(;Q .10% 'l"nwn.Rlr, <;')(; ?.11 .'i4% 'P1A.e.,-/r, ')Q') 1114 .'i1% n,wnm,fr, 11fiQ 707 -4?% TT~ ,r~ I,,,,... Or.r,....i'l. ,...,... ')C:'i, 1?00 -'ii% HvroµEVE<; IToA.t't'EiEc; TIJc; Aµi;pua'tc; <r> 'P, " ' TC rnv6,:m:n 1,1,1 i,{;00 -'i7% (a.) Ka.,a 't1]V KUPWCTil, a.nooox,~ ~ syKpt01] 'WU 1mp6v1:0s !tpClltoKOAA.OU, ~ K0.1'.U n1v 11poox,wp11crii ,OU OB a.u,6, o Ka.vulias u11opii.Ust ns cr,ii.0µss 111:lJnKwv opyuv1Kwv svwcrsmv yta. ,o 1990 Kut m uvdnum 6pta. sKnoµrrwv wuc; yta. ,:o 2010, sits crs s0vtK6 smrrslio sits ytu 't1]V PEMA wu yta. ns 1t1:l]nKi:S opyuvtKi:S svwcrs1s, sii.v sx,st urropii.Ust µiu. (P) Ta. crwtx,siu tcrx,uouv ym 1:0 supm11a.'iK6 ,µ~µu sv,6c; 1:TJS nspmxfis wu EMEP. (y) Ka.iii. tl]V KUpW01], a.1101iox,,i ~ eyKpt01] wu 11up6vws 11pmroK6lliu, ~ KUTii.1'.T]v 11pocrx,wp11crii rou,; crs a.ur6, m Hvroµi:vsc; TTot..t'tEiE<; tTJ<; Aµspttjc; u11opii.1,,J..ouv, 11p01mµi:vou vu cruµrrsptt..T]cp0ouv crw rrap6v rra.pii.p1:l]µU: a.) stlitKii. µi:,pu µsim011s -rmv sKnoµ11wv sq,a.pµocr,fo as Ktv11,i:s Km cr-ra0spi:c; 1ll]yi:,; 1t1:TJTIKWV opya.vtKrov svwcrarov, rrou 0a. scpa.pµocrrnuv sl,s· crs s8v11c6 sn(nslio sits sv-r6s µta.s PEMA, aii.v i:x,st urroP1,,110Ei µta. PEMA yta. ns 7ltlJTIKe<; opyuvtKSS svwcrsts yta. cruµ11spl1,,111j1TJ crro rrupii.p'l:T]µu III, P) µta. nµfi yta. n<; cruvoA.tKi:S EKnµwµsvss cr,ii.01La<; EK11oµrrwv 1tTT]n1Cwv opyuv1Kwv svmcrawv yta. ro 1990, shs aa s0vtK6 mirrs6o sha yta. -rriv PEMA, y) µta. sv1is1Kntj nµfi yta. ns atJVOA.tKS<; crta0µss Elmoµnwv 1t1:l]TIKOlV opyuvtKOlV EVOlCJECllV yta. 't'O 2010, Ehs CJE s0vtK6 E1lt1!600 a(w yta. tl]V PEMA, Ka.t Ii) crucrx,sncrµi:vas BKnµ~crsts 1:TJS rrocroanuiuc; µairo011c; sKJwµrrwv 11n1nKwv opyuvtKrov svwcramv. To · ototx,Eio P) 0u rrsptA.l]cp0ai awv 11[va.Ka. Ka.t m CJ1:otx,siu a), y) Km Ii) eu 11sp11,,11cpeouv crs urromiµsiro(Jl] ,:ou rrivmm. (Ii) Ta. m:mx,s(u y1a. Tilv Ku11po uto0sni911Kuv CJ't1]V 23" cruvolio wu EK,BA.scrnKou Opyii.vou tTJS :EuµPu011c;. 308 IlAP APTHMA III KA@OPU:MOr', IIEPIOXm:: MAXEIPir',IU: PYnoroNON EiffiOMIION (PEMA) Ka:w:ypacpemt T\ Katrotapro PEMA ym wuc; crKonouc; tou nap6vi:oc; npro1:0K6AAou: PEMA ProcrtKJ1£ Oµocrnovoiac; 11p6Kettat ym t'r]V nspioxfi (oblast) tou Murmansk, tT\ t.riµoKpat{a 1:ric; KapsA{ac;, 'tf\V nsptoXfJ (oblast) tou Leningrad (cruµnsptAaµpavoµavric; t'r]c; Ayiac; IletpounoATJc;), t'r]V nsptoxfi (oblast) tou Pskov, 'tf\V nspioxfi (oblast) tou Novgorod Kat 1:riv neptoxfi (oblast) ,:ou Kaliningrad. To cruvopo i:ric; PEMA cruµnintst µs 1:a e0vuca cruvopa Kat m 8totKT)tt1<a 6pta trov sv 'Myro neptcpepeuiiv t'r]<; Promtjc; Oµocrnovoim:;. 309 IIAP APTHMA IV OPIAKEI: TIMEI: rIA TII: EKIIOMIIEI:: 0EIOY AIIO l:TA0EPEI: illITEI: 1. H e\lOTI]'W, A tcrx(>st yia µepri 8K1:6c; 'J:01) K.avaoa. Km 1:rov Hvroµevrov rroi,t1:BlOOV 1:YJS AµcptKi\c;, ri sv6TI]1:a B ym wv KavaM Km ri eV01:YJW, f' ym nc; Hvroµevsc; I1o1twiec; 1:ric; AµsptKT]c;. A. Mspn BK'J:OC 1:01) K.avaoa. Km 1:rov Hvroµevrov I1o1t'J:El00V :me; Aµspucru; 2. f'ta wuc; crKoirouc; 1:Y]c; eV61:ri1:ac; A, irlriv 1:011 irivaKa 2 Km i:rov irapaypacprov 11 Km 12, roe; optaKT] ttµi\ vod,m Tj 7tOCT01:Yj'J:(1, a,eptac; oucriac;" 7t01l 7tBpt1aµpavB,m cr,:a a,epta, a,ir6P1rim B1C1tBµ1t6µeVa an6 µm cyKmacr1:acrri, ri onoia oeV irpe:irni va, unsppaivB1:m. EKi:6c; avn0etou unoosil;croc;, unoloyi~S'J;(),t roe; µa~a punou 1((1,'J:1 6yKoV a,spirov a,noPATJ'l:COV ( mccppas6µeVTj CTB mg!m\ crB 01,ropouµeVBc; np6wncc; cruv0ftKsc; 0spµoKpacria,c; Km niccrric; ym l;rip6 a,epto (6YJCoc; crs 273.15 K, 101.3 kPa). 'Ocrov a,cpopa 1:Y]V 7tBpIBK'tt1CO'tTj'J:a trov 1((1,1JCTacpirov CTB ol;uy6vo, icrxuouv Ol ttµe.; nou na,pm:t0svmt crwuc; aK6Aou0ouc; nivaKB<; ym Ka0s Ka'J:Y]yopia, ?tTjyoov. Apairocr11 µ1, crJCon6 tri µsirocrri 1:rov cruyKBV1:pc:ocr1,rov 1:rov puircov cr,:a, Kaucra,epta oeV sm1:ps1rn1:m. 6eV uiroloy~ovw.t ot BKnoµnec; Ka1:a 1:YJV maciVTJCTTJ, 1:YJV na,uCTTJ 1:ric; Mtwupyiac; Kat 1:rJ cruvtftpricrri 'J:01) B/;07tAtcrµou. 3. Ot BKnoµnec; na,pa1C0Aoueouv1:m 1 crc 6Mc; 1:ic; nspimoocrw;. H cruµµ6pcprocrri npoc; nc; optaKBc; nµec; 87tllAT]08UB1:m. Ot µe0ooot s/;aKpiproCTT]c; ouvavtm va 1tBp1.Mµpavouv cruvcxsic; ft acruVBXBic; µ1,1:pftcrsic;, syKplCTTJ runou Km 1caes UAAT] 1:BXVlKa op0i\ µe0ooo. 4. H OBtyµatOATJlj/1U Km TJ UVUAUCTT] 'J;(OV punrov, Ka0c:oc; Km Ol µe0ooot µs,:pT]CTT]<; avacpopoov yta 1:Y] pa0µov6µT]CTT] ,:rov 0-UCT'J:Y]µa,,:rov µetpT]CTT]c;, BK'J:BAOUV,:(1,l cruµcprova µB ta npowna 1:Y]c; Eupronai:Ki\c; Em1:ponftc; Tunonoiricrric; (CEN) T\ wu L'.IB0vouc; Opyavicrµou Tunonoi11crric; (ISO). Ev avaµovft 1:11c; av6.nwl;ric; nporunrov CENT\ ISO, tcrx;uouv ,:a, B0VtK6. np6wna. 5. Mc1:pftcrsu; i:rov BK1toµ1ec:ov BK'tBAouv,m cruvcxooc; 61:av 01 BKnoµnsc; S02 unsppaivouv m 75 kg/h. 6. LB rrnpimrocrri cruvcxc:ov µ1,1:pi\crcrov ym vscc; cyKamcr1:6.crc1c;, 11 cruµµ6pcpro01] npoc; m 1tp6w1ta 1:rov BK1t0µ1tc:ov Bmruyxavsmt, BU.V Ol U7tOAOYts6µeVsc; TjµBpftcrrnc; µscree; 1:tµec; Oe\l un1,ppaivouv 'tl]V optaKT] nµi\ Km 1,6,v Kaµia ropmia nµft oeV unsppaivm tl]V optaKT\ nµft Kata 100%. 7. LE 1tBpi1t1:roCTTJ cruvsxmv µstpftm,rov yia ucpicr1:6.µeVsc; syKatacrt6.crsic;, ri cruµµ6pcprocrri npoc; ,:a 1tp6w1ta trov e1C1toµnmv smwyxavsi:m BCJ;V a) Kaµia an6 ttc; µTjvtaiec; µfocc; nµsc; Oe\l un1,ppaive1 1:ic; opmKec; nµec; Kat P) s6.v 97 % 611,rov tcov µforov nµmv nou µsi:pft0rtICav crB µia 7tspiooo 48 copmv Oe\l unsppaiVBl 1:0 110% 1:COV optaKOOV nµmv. 8. Ls nspfatroCTTJ acruvcxcov µs1:pricrscov, roe; cMx,tcr'J:Y] a1eahricrri, ri cruµµ6pcpro01] npoc; ta 1tp6ru1ta 1:COV SK1t0µ1toov mtruyx6.vs1:m s6.v T] µfori nµi\, U7tOAOYts6µeV1] pacrst Ka'J:UAAT]AOU apt0µou µ1,1:pftcrcrov u1e6 av1:mpocrron1,unKec; cruv0i\Kcc;, oeV uir1,ppaivs1 ,riv nµi\ ,:ou nporu1eou tOOV B1C7t0 µitOOV, 9. AsPritec; Km 0spµavi:i\pcc; oIBpyammv µB ovoµacrnKi\ 0spµtKi\ tcrx(> 6.vco trov 50 MW11,: 1 H mxpuKoA.Ou011ori voeimt co,; (Yl)VOAUCJ11ipacrTTJpt6TTJm, 11 onoia nsptA.aµBavst µarp11ori rcov sKnoµmov, tcroi;uym µai;u,; K.An. Eivm ouvm:6v va sKwABi1:m rn,a cruvsx~ ~ a(Yl)vsx~ ,p6no. 310 Iltvmm,; 1 OptaKe,; Ttµi,; "{tll EIC1t0Jl,1tll', Sox an6 AiP11-ri::,; (a) EVUAAUKTUCOO<; "fUJ, 0spµt1'1\ mx,ii,; Opw.K1\ Ttftl\ r11v an600011 '(MWth) (mgSOz/Nm3)(11> 1'U0aptO'Jl,01l Ot1'W,KOOV O'T6p6©V KU'llO'lWDV 50- 100 850 90% \OJ :E-rspsa Kat uypa KUUC1tµa, vfo:; 100-300 850 - 200 (y) 92% (5) E"fKll,WO"tam,t<; ( ypaµµtKTl ~Biroori) 95% (5) >300 200 y) :E-rspsa KUUO"\µa, 1l<ptot6.µEVE<; 50-100 2000 EyKatama<rnt<; 100-500 2000-400 (ypaµµtKTl µsiroori) > 500 400 50-150 40% 150-500 40- 90% ( ypaµµtKT\ µsiroori) > 500 90% Yyp6, KUUOtµa, U(j>!O'tUµEVE<:; 50-300 1700 syKamcr,:6,crsti; 300 - 500 1700-400 ( ypaµµ1K11 µE!roOT)) > 500 400 Aepta Kaumµa YEV!Kn, VEE<; Kat 35 U(j)!O"tO,l!EVEc; E'YK<X,'CUO"'CO,OE\c; YyponotT)µEvo aEpto, VEE<; Kat 5 U(j)tO"tnl!EVEc; E'YKU'tUO"'t0,06\c; Aepta xaµ111oit<; 0spµaV'ttlCTl<:; a~iac; vfo; 400 (n,x. aspto1tol110"11 icmaA.oinrov U<fl!O"'t[J,µEVE<; 800 limAto'tTjpirov it icaucrri a.Epirov an6 icaµivouc; omav0pa,crov) Aepta u1111icaµivrov vssc; 200 1l(J)\OtUUEVEC 800 Nssc; syica-i:acrtao'Et<; Kaucrri,; crs >50 ( 01JVOA!KT\<; 600 lituAtcrtftpm (µfooc; 6po,; 611,rov tow liuvaµtK6'tTjta<; VEOlV syicatacrt6.crEOOV l([J,'IJ(l'TIC) tou lim11,tcrTI1 piou) y <ptcrtaµsvsc; sy,ca,,:acrtacr&t<; KUUO"T)<; 1000 crs lim11,toti1Pta (µforn:; 6poc; 611,rov trov • ll{!)tcr-ruuevrov s-v1elimcr1:acrsrov Kaucrnc) ( a) Etliuc6,&pa, 01 optaKE<; nµec; liev ioxuouv yia: µovalisc; cm<; ono!ec; ,:a npo16v1:a TllS Kauoric; XPTJcrtµonotouvm1 y1a uµsOT] 0epµav0TJ, o,:eyvroµa 11 UMTJ sns~spyaola avwmµEVrov 11 UAtKciJv, n.x. Kaµivoi ava0Epµav0l]c;, Kaµwm yta 0spµtKT] s1ts~spyao(a; µovaosc; µs,:a TllV KUUOI], 11w1 Ka0s 1:sxv1Kft lita1:ril;ri 7t01) aitoPM1ts1 O'tOV 1ca8apt0µ6 ,{OV Kaµivaspirov µs Kaucrri, TJ oxoia liev MttaupyEi roe; avs~UPTl1't11 syKa,,aomOTJ Kaua%, µovaosc; avayEVVTjO'l']<; Ka,a;\,u,ciJv xou XPrimµo1tmouv1:m O'l'TJV K«m;\,unKft ltl)p6;\,ucrri, µovaosc; µs,:arpoltT)c; uop60stou as 0slo, avnopao1:11psc; nou XP1lcrtµonotouvm1 OT11 mµ1Kft pwµrixavia, Kaµwot ()"l)crt01xiac; 1tapayroy1jc; on-mv0paKrov, npo6spµav1:11psc; aepa mv1Kaµivrov (Cowpers), ano,:sq,prott<; anoP;\,11,:rov Km µov6.lisc; nou ;\,s1,:oupyouv µs ns1:pEMto1avri1:11psc;, pevi;tv01avri-n\psc; it KIVTJ1:T)PE<; aspiou 11 aspwm:p6p1;\,ouc;, avs~apTll-m an6 w xrrimµonmouµevo wumµo. (Pl H 1tsptEKTIK6tri-m avaq,opac; os 0 2 Eivm 6 % ym m orspsa 1caumµa Km 3 % ym m un6AOma'. (y) 400 µs papu ns-rpe;\,aw nsprnKnK6t111:ac; os S<0,25%. (Ii) Eav µw. sy1Cm6.om011 q,1:avs1 m 300 mg/Nm3 S02, ouva~m va e~mps6e[ an6 TTjV sq,apµoyi] 'l'TJS m16liocnic; 1Ca8apt0µou. 311 10. Iki:pemw (gas oil): IIivaKm; 2 Opux,1cs<; TtµE<; "(la 'IT(V 7tEpIBK"nKO't'll't'a 't01l 7tE'tpEAClto1l (gas oil) O'E 0eio (a) Ile IBKTtK6 ,:a O'E 0eio 'to IlEi:psmto (gas oil) < 0.2 µs,:6, t'l']V 11'] Iou?ciou 2000 < 0.1 e,:6, v 1 fo.voua. iou 2008 (a) Q,; «1tEtpl:AUt0 (gas oil)» voeh:m 011:01061111:ots 11:po16v 71:Etpe'l,,alou avm11:0KptV6µsvo ow HS 2710 i\ urw;-y6µsvo, M-yro ,cov op(rov a11:6oml;11,; wu, OTijV KUTijyopla 1cov µEoaicov KAaoµa.tcov Kat 11:poop1s6µsvo ym JCU\Jotµo, TOU 011:o(ou 71:0000t6 tOUAO.Xtcr'tOV 85% Kat' 6-yKOV, cruµ11:ep1'1,,aµpavoµl:vcov 'tCOV U7tffiAEtOOV 1l1t6oti;t/;T]S, a1tocr.~emt moue; 350°C. Ta Kauotµa 11:ou XPTJcrtµo11:otouvmt ota o6uc6. Kat m µT] o6tK6. oxriµata 1cm 1ou,; yEcopytKouc; EAJCUonips,; el;mpouvtat a1t6 wv 11:ap6vm optoµp. To !!Etps'l,,aw (gas oil) 1tou 1tpoop!~e,m yw. vaun'l,,m1~ XP11Cll1 1tsptJ..aµpa.vEtat owv optcrµ6, sa.v !!ATJpo! TTJV avcotspro 11:sp1-ypa(fl11 ii ea.v sxst 1/;ro6e,; ii !!UKVOTT]ta !!OU sµm1tt6l one; KAiµmrnc; 1/;moou,; 11 !!UKVOTTJ'W.S !!OU opisoVTUI rm TU vaumca, ilioµam O'tOV 'lt\VUKU I tau ISO 8217 (1996). 11. Movalia, Claus: yta µovalia nou napa.yst nsptcrcr6,:spa a.no 50 t 0siou 'l']µEpl]cricoc;: a) avaKt'l']O"'I'] 0siou 99,5% yta nc; vssc; syKa1:acr1:acrstc;· P) avaK'l:T]O"'I'] 0e{ou 97% '.'{ta nc; ucptcr,:aµEVsc; ey1<atacrtamnc;. 12. ITapayu:ryiJ oto~stoiou ,:ou nmv{ou: o"I:tc; vase; Kat nc; ucptcnciµEVcc; E'}'Kamcri:acrstc;, ot BK7t0 µnee; ano ,:a crtaota x,roVBUO"'l']S KUl. ano,:scppCOO"'l']c; 1<U1:ll 't'l']V napaycoyiJ OtO~ElOlOU ,:OU nwNiou µstrovovmt crs µia i:tµiJ nou OBY ea unappa.ivst ta 10 kg tcroouvaµou S02 avci i:6vo na.pay6µEVou oto~stoiou ,:ou nmviou. B. Kavaoac; 13. Ot optaKEc; nµac; yta. ,:oy a'AR,yx,o ,:coy BK1toµnrov Oto~Btoiou ,:OU 0siou a.no vfo; crm0spac; . 7t'l']yac; crnc; UKOAOU0sc; KU'tl]yopiec; cr,:a,0sprov 7tl]ycbv ea npocrotoptcr'tO\JV Pfost tffiV. Ota.0fotµrov n?cripocpoptrov yta 'tl]V i:ax,voADyia. sMyx,ou Kat nc; cri:ci0µsc;, cruµnsptA.Uµpavoµavoov i:rov opta.Kmv nµrov nou icrxuouv O'e (lA,Af,c; x,ropsc; Kat 'WU UKOA.OU0o qypcicpou: Canada Gazette, Part I. Department of the· Environment. Thermal Power Generation Emissions - National Guidelines for new Stationary Sources. 15 Matou 1993, cr. 1633-1638. r. Hvmµavsc; IlOA.t'tBlE<; :rue; AµeptKlj<; 14. Ot opw,Kac; nµac; ym 'WV a'AR,yx,o '1:00V B1<7tOµnrov S02 an6 vase; crm0spac; 7t'l']yac;, 7t0U aµnini:ouv crnc; UKOAOU0ec; Kll'tTJYOPlEc; crm0sprov 1t11YOOV, Ka0opisovmt crm e~ftc; eyypacpa: (a) Electric Utility Steam Generating Units - 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 60, Subpart D, and Subpart Da; (P) Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Db, and Subpart De; (y) Sulphuric Acid Plants - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart H; (o) Petroleum Refineries - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart J; (s) Primary Copper Smelters - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart P; (cr1:) Primary Zinc Smelters - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Q; (s) Primary Lead Smelters - 40 C.F.R. Pa1i 60, Subpart R; (1']) Stationary Gas Turbines - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart GG; (0) Onshore Natural Gas Processing - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart LLL; (t) Municipal Waste Combustors - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ea, and Subpart Eb: and (K) Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ee. 312 IlAP APTHMA V OPIAKE:E TIME:E EKIIOMIUlN O:SEIL'.ION TOY AZOTOY AilO l:TA0EPEI: IlHr'EI: 1. H eVO'C'J'\'W, A 1crxus1 yta µepri SK1:6c; '1:01) Kavo:M Kat 1:(0V Hvcoµevcov 11oAt'l:8tOOV TI\c; AµsptKftc;, 11 eV6TI\-w, B ym wv Ko:vo:M Kat ri av6TI\to: r yta nc; Hvcoµevec; 11011,mfoc; 1:11c; AµsptKftc;. A. Mepn eKt6c; 'COU Ko:vaM Kat 'tCOV Hvcoµevcov IloAtteUDV :rue; AµsptKT)C: 2. fta wuc; crKonouc; 't1']c; av61:riwc; A roe; optaKft ttµft voshm ri nocr61:111:o: o:epiac; ouaio:c; nou :n:sptMµpavstat crs Kaµtvaepta elC'lteµn6µava an6 µta eyKo:1:acrm<J11, 11 onoio: OeV npenst VO: unsppo:ivstat. EK1:6c; O:V'tt0Eto1l U'/tOOeil;scoc;, U'/tOAOyil;;stat roe; µar,o: punou Kat' 6yKoV Kaµtvo:epicov (sKcppcr1:,6µeVl] crs mg/m3), crs 0scopouµavsc; itp6wnsc; cruv0ftKsc; 0epµoKpo:aio:c; Kat 1tte<J1']<;; yto: ~11p6 o:eptO ( 6yKoc; crs 273.15 K, 101.3 kPa). 'Oaov acpopa 'C'J'\V 1t8pt8KttK6t11to: tCOV Kaucraspfrov as o~uy6vo, tax{>ouv 01 nµe<;; nou napo:tt6av1m ati:mc; aK611,ou0ouc; itivaKsc;. yto: KU0e Ka't1']yopfo. 1tlJ'YOOV. Apairo<J11 µs crKon6 TI\ µBicoO"'ll 1:cov cru')'lcav1:procrsrov tcov punrov crta Kauaaepto: OBV sm,:penetat. Ot optaKec; 'ttµec; ysvtKIJ, KaMittoUV 'tO NO µat,i µe tO N02, Kotvooc; croµpo11,t1:,6µeVo: roe; NOx, sKcppa1:,6µava as N02. /:,.EV uno11,oy{t,ov1:m ot sKTCoµnec; Katc't 'C'J'\V 8KKIV110'11, 'C'J'\V 1t0:'UO"'ll 't1']<; A,Sl'WUpyia<;; Kat TI\ cruvtitP110'11 'COU B~07tAtcrµou. 3. Ot sKTCoµitsc; napaKoAou0ouvw.t 1 as 6"'8c; ttc; itsptntoocrstc;. H cruµµ6pcpro<J11 npoc; nc; opmKec; nµs<;; e7tO:A1']0wsmt. Ot µe0ollot e~aKpipcoO"'llc; ouvav1:at va, nsptMµpavouv cruvsx,sic; it acruvsx,sic; µetpftcrstc;, eyKplCJ1'] BK TU'ltO'O Kat Ka0s a.U11 'tBXVlKIJ, op0ft µe0ooo. 4. H ostyµatoA.1']\JflU Kat 11 avUAUO"'ll tCOV punrov, Ka0ooc; Kat Ol µe0ooot µetpTJO"'ll<; o:vo:cpopoov yta TI\ pa0µov6µ11<J11 tcov crua-criµa,:cov µfap11<J11c;, BKteAouvtat cruµcpcova µa ta np6wm1 TI\t; Eupcono:'iKftc; Emtponftc; Tun:onoiriaric; (CEN) it mu /::,.ts0vouc; Opyavtcrµou Tu1to1toiri<J11c; (ISO). Ev o:vo:µovit 1:ric; o:vanw~ric; n:powncov CEN ft ISO, 1axuouv ta e0vtKU 1tp6tu1tO:. 5. Ms1:pficrstc; trov aKitoµncbv sKtaADuvtcit cruvax,roc; 61:0:v ot sKnoµnec; NOx unappo:ivouv ta 75 kg/h. 6. :Ea. napintro<J1'] cruvsx,cbv µs,pfiaarov yta vsec; ayKamcnacrstc;, s~mpouµevcov ,:rov ucptmaµavcov ByKm:acr,acrscov KO:'ll<J1']c; nou o:vo:cpepovto:t crrnv nivo:Ko: 1, 11 cruµµ6pcpro<J11 npoc; ta :n:p6wita 1:COV eK1t0µ1tffiV .e1tt't1lYX,UVSto:t, 81J,V Ot 1J7tOAOyt1:,6µeVsc; 11µspficrtsc; µfoac; ttµec; OBV um,ppo:ivouv 'C'J'\V opio:Kft 1:iµfi Kat sav 1<0:µio: coptaio: nµfi oav unsppo:ivei ,11v opto:Kft nµfi Kata 100%. 7. LB 1tepintco<J1'] cruvsx,cbv µstpitcrscov . yto: ttc; ucptcrtaµeVsc; eyKo:to:atacretc; KCl'UO"'ll'i nou o:vacpepovrni atov 1tiva1<a I, 11 cruµµ6pcpcoa11 npoc; ta np6tuno: -ccov &Knoµnrov emwyx,aveto:t &av a) KO:µia an6 nc; µ11vm1ec; µease; ttµec; OeV 1J1teppaivet nc; opto:Kec; ttµec; Kat P) elJ,V 95% 611,mv tmv µfocov nµoov 7tOU µstpfi011KO:V as µ{o: 7tepiooo 48 mprov OeV unsppaiVel tO 110% tCOV optClKffiV nµcov 8K1t0µ1tCOV. 8. Le 1tspintro<J11 o:cruvsx,cbv µetpficrerov, roe; eiax,tcrtll ano:i'tl]<J1'], n cruµµ6pcprocrri itpog ta :n:p6wna trov SKitoµncov smwyx,avetClt elJ,V Tl µecrri ttµit, 1J'ltOAOyt1:,6µavri pacret KClta.MllAOU apt0µou µetpficreroV U'ltO ClVtt1tpoaro1te1JtlKE<; cruv0ftKec;, OeV U7tsppaiVet 'tTJV ttµfi toU 7tpO'ru7t01J 't(OV eK1t0µ1troV. 9. AePri1:sc; Kat 0epµav-cftpec; otspyacrtrov µe ovoµacrtucft 0epµtKit tcr;o> avco tO)V 50 MW1h: 1 H mxpcxKoA.Ou811mi vosiw.t ro, cruvoAtKT] lipcxa'TT)pt6TT)w., 11 on:oicx n:sptMµPiivst µfapTJml i:rov sKn:oµmiJv, wo~uy10 µli~f!S K.Ait .. E(vm liuvm:6v vu BK,6A-El,m Kmii O'llVB)(,~ ~ txO'llVBxfl ,p6n:o. , 313 IlivaKac; 1 OptaKec; nµec; yta &ICffOIJ,11:Ec; NOx an:6 liPrrrnc; (a) :Eteps6. ,ca;6crtµa., veec; eyica:tacrt6.crsu;: Ael3rp;sc; 50 - I 00 MW th Asl311tsc; 100 - 300 MWth Ae ts >300 MWth :E1:sps6, ,ca,ucnµa, ucpicrt6.µsvi,c; E"(Katacrt6.crsu;: crtspi,6, ,caurnµa, ysvtKa crtspe6. KU'Ucrtµct 7tEptsK'tUCO'tT)tctc; crE 1t'tT)'ttKS<; svcocrstc; KU't'CO toll IO % Yyp6. l(Cl,'l)crtµa; VEE<; EYKcttctcr1:acreu;: Ael3T)tBc; 50 - 100 MW th Ael311tsc; 100 - 300 MWu, Ae 1:e >3oo MW1h y Aspta Kcturnµa, vfo; ey,ca,,;a,a,;acreu;, Kll'UO"tµo: cpllcrtKO a.BptO Asl3111:sc; 50 - 300 MW1h Ael3TjtBc; > 300 MWth K, , , , Etouc6i:spa, ot optaKB<; nµl\r; liEV icrxfiouv yta: 0 taK' 't't 400 300 200 650 1300 400 300 200 450 150 100 200 350 µovaosc; one; onoiEc; i:a npoi:6v,:a nir; Kaumic; XP1101µ01tmouvw1 yta aµEmi 8l\pµav011, cm\yvroµa f\ &.U11 EitE~Epyacr(a avnKmµl\vrov f\ UA.tKoov, n.x. Kaµtvot ava8epµavmic;, Kaµtvot ytu OspµtKf\ Ens~spyacria, µovaoEc; µETU TijV Kaumi, f\wt Ku0E 'tEXVIKTJ litatu~lj ltOU a:n:opMnEl OTOV KU0ctptcrµ6 ,OJV 1caµtvaEpirov µe KUUOlj, 11 ono(a lici, Mtwupysi roe; avs~apnini EyKa,acrmmi Kaumir;, µova.oEc; avayBVV11mic; KamA.ui:wv nou XP1101µ01to1ouv,;m crniv Ka,:a;\.unKf\ 1CUp6A.umi, µova.oEc; µEi:a,:po:n:f\c; ulip60ElOU 06 0do, avnlipacr,:f\psc; :n:ou XP11mµo:n:ot0uv,m crni rnµ1Kf\ pwµTlxavia, Kuµtvot O'llcrwixiac; :n:apayroyf\c; omav0paKrov, · npo0spµav-rf\psr; al\pa UIJltKaµ(vrov (Cowpers), ano,E<ppro,ec; anoPA.111:rov Kut . µov&.lisc; 7tOU A.lltTOupyouv µe ICE,p&A.alOKlVlj'tTJPEc;, PEVslVOK\V11'tTJPE<; f\ KlVlj'tTJPE<; aspiou f\ aEptocr,:p6PtA.Ouc;, ave~up'tJl,:a an6 w XP1Jmµo:n:otouµEVo Kaumµo. (P) Ot EV Myro i:tµec; liEV mxuouv ym MPT11:Er; :n:ou Mtwupyouv A.1y6,:epo an6 500 wpE<; snioiroc;. H IC6p16KnKOTtj,:U ava<popur; OE 02,Eivm 6% ytu ,:a O,EpEU Kaumµa Kat 3% yta ,:a UICOA.Ol7ta. IO. AEpt0crtp6!3t),,m KauCTT\c; cr1:11v ~11p6. µs ovoµam:ud] 0i,pµtK~ tcrx;u avco tcov 50 MWth: ot optctKsc; ,:tµec; NOx BKcppa.~6µsvec; crs mg/Nm3 (µs 7tBpteK'CtKO'tT)1:Cl, 15% crs .02) tcrxuouv ym evav µ6vo KtvT]t~pa. Ot opta.1esc; nµsc; cr1:ov n{vaKa 2. icrxuouv µ6vo m: nEptntcocretc; cpopi:lou 6.vco i:ou 70%. 314 Ilivmca,; 2 OptllKll<; -rtp.lll<; "(tll EK7COJJL'ltE<; NOx an6 aept00"tp6!3tAO'UCj JC(l'l)O"IJ'i O"tTtV !;11pa NEE Ns Y cpm,;a,µsvsc; syKa,1:acrwm:tc;, ONJ, m Kaumµa, • (J)umKO a,spto y 6 ISO 150 200 (a) To (flUmK6 m\p10 eivm µe0avto n:ou anwTa oni cpi\CTT] Km n:sptex,et aopav~ Km a'/J.n oum:a-rtKa cm ava1'oyia 20 % (KaT' 6yKo) Kat' avcinaw 6pt0. (P) 75mg/Nm3 aw; atc61'ou0e<; n:eptmrocrets: • uap10mp6pt1'ot 1cai\CTT]<; n:ou XP11mµon:010uvmt cre ou~µu:m cruvouucrr1ev11s n:cxpcxyoo~s Sepµ6n1,cx<; Km 11AEK,ptcrµou ~ • uep10cr,p6Pt1'ot KUUCTT]S n:ou tctvouv ouµmeITTE<; cm 011µ6mu oiKrua no.pox,~<; (jlUcrtKou cxepiou. rm ,ous cxepmcn:p6Pt1'ou,; Kaucrrii; n:ou oev aµmm:ouv os tcaµia un:6 n,; uvoo-i:spoo Kaniyopie<;, aUa 11 an6oocn'j 1:0u<; unsppa!vat 1:0 35 %, 6noo<; npocro10p!l;em1 cra ouv0~tc8'; pamtcou q,opnou ISO, 11 optex~ -rtµ~ sKnoµnmv sivm 50*n/35, 6nou n sivm 11 an61ioori wu aspt0cr,pop!1'ou Kctucrrii; ·EK(flpal;6µev11 cre iroooITT6 am wt<; EKm6 (Km n:pocro1opt~6µev11 oe ouv01jKBS pacrtKou <flOpT[ou ISO). · · (y) H optct~ nµ~ eKnoµnrov taxi\st µ6vo ym 1:ous cteptocnp6pu..oui; tcaucrri<; crwu<; onoiou<; XP11mµonmouvmt oos Kaumµo EAU<ppa Km µ,:ouia 1c1'acrµum 1tETps1'uiou. (Ii) Ot opw.Ke<; nµei; oev icrx6ouv ym cxept00,p6p11'oui; Kauori<; nou 7'Etwupyouv l,.ty6,spo u;n6 150 rops<; Btricrt001;. 11. Ila,pa,ycoy1J 1:mµsvwu: N sac; 8"(KCX,'t(X,Q"'tUQ"8t(; ( 1 0% 02) E11po{ KA.{pavot Aomo{ 1CA{ a,vot IlivaKa,;3 ia eK1w nt NO, an6 ,: 500 800 1200 ( a) EyKctmcr,acrsti; ytu 1:11v nu;payooy~ w1µev,ou 1c1'iv1rnp cre n:ept0,p0<ptKous K1.ipavous µa rcupuyooyt~ llCUVO'rllTC! QVOO TOOV 500 t/11µapa ~ crs 6.1,.MS KaµtVOU<; µa OUVUTOTIJTCX 6.voo TOOV 50 thiµ!;pa. 12. 1:ta0spo{ KtVT]'TT\PBc;: IlivaKac; 4 OptaKE<; i:tlJll'.i yiu EK7WJJL'ltll<; NO, an6 veou,; tna0epoiic; KLV1lT11PE<; Ktvl]'TT\pec; µs ampaAMµsv11 avaq>A.B~T] (= Otto), 'tBTpUXPOVot, > j MW111 • KlVTJ'TT\PBc; q>TCOXOU µsi:yµawc; • OA.Ol ot A.Ot71:0t lClV ' 8 Kw111:iJpsc; avaq>M~T]c; croµ1tIBO"T]<; (= v,;iJ/;sA), > 5 MW th 1ea,1'.icriµo: cpucrt1e6 Kaumµo (KtvT],;iJpec; aspoav<iq>AB~TJ<;) 1eavcrtµo: pap-6 ns,;peMto 1eaucrt o: 'ltET BNJ,to 1e{v as oil 250 500 500 600 500 (a) Ot ev 'Myoo nµss oev mx,uouv ym KtVl]~psi; rwu Mnoupyouv 1,.iy6rnpo cxn:6 500 ropsi; s-n1otoo,. H n:sprnKnK6'rllw uva(flop&s crs 0 2 sfvm 5 %. 315 13. IIapayroyiJ Kat µs1:arcoi11crri µs-ruAMOv: Ilivaimc;5 OptaKsc; n,wc; yw, EKTl:OJmBc; NOx U'/tO T11V nproToyEVfJ napayroyfi crt6fJpo1l Kat X,UA1lPa (a) (a) Ilapayroyl\ Km µEmnoiricni µe-m rov: syKa1:amacrs1c; cppu!;ric; 1\ 'tl\!;rii; µswA11.wµa1:rov, syKatMtacmc; napayroyl\c; aKa,epymiwu xu,ocn61\pou 1\ xcx'A.upa (nprowysvouc; 1\ 6sutspoysvouc; cruvTIJl;11c;), cruµnsp1Aaµpavoµev11c; TI]<; cruvsxouc; s!;ewcnic;, µs napayroyudJ 1Kav6TI]ta avro ,rov 2,5 Mg/ropa, syKatm:rtacrs1c; ym TI]V B1t£!;Epyacrlo, cn6TjpOUXCOV µstUAACOV (syKatmitacrsic; 6spµ1\c; e!;EAUaTj<; > 20 t/wpo, UKmepyacrtou XaA.upa). 14. IfopayroyiJ vt-rptKou o~fo<;: Ilivmmc;6 Opmicsc; npuc; yw mmoµnsc; NOx an:6 t11v n:apayroyfJ vtTpmou ol;soc;, El;mpoupuvrov Trov · µovaorov 6/;tv'r(c; 0'1lYICEV't'proITT\c; ti( ', EtOO KU1l6t 1l 0 B. Kavaouc; 15. . Ot optUKE<; 'ttµe,; yta WV EAEYXO i:rov EKrcoµrcrov O~Eto{rov 'tOU (J,~0),:01) (NOx) an6 VEE<; O''t<l0EpE<; 1tTIYE<, O''tt<, aKOA01J0E<; K<l'tT\YOpfa<; O''ta0sprov TCrJYWV 0a rcpocrotoptcr'tOUV pacret 'tOOV ota0fotµrov 'l'CAT\PO<poptrov yta 'tT\V 'tEXVOAoyia eMyxou Kat 'tl<; O''ta0µec;, O'lJµrcepttcaµpavoµiivoov 'tOOV opta.KffiV nµrov '/'COU tcr;efmuv cre UAAE<; x,rope<; Kat 'tOOV O,KOAOU0rov eyypucprov: a) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). National Emission Guidelines for Stationary Combustion Turbines). LlEKeµPpto<; 1992. PN 1072· P) Canada Gazette, Part I. Department of the Environment. Thermal Power Generation Emissions,- National Guidelines for new Stationary Sources. 15 Ma.tau 1993, cre'J... 1633 -1638• Kat y) CME. National Emission Guidelines for Cement Kilns. Mup-r:to<; 1998. PNl284. r. Hvroµiivsc: IIoAt-r:dsc :me; Aµepttjc; 16. Ot optaKec; nµec; yta ,:ov eMyxo -r:cov eKnoµm:ov NOx arc6 vae,; cr-r:a.0spac; 1t11rac; nou sµrcimouv crn,; aK6Aou0s,; Ka'tT\yopie<; crm0eprov rc11yrov Ka0op~ovi:at crm a1<6Aou6a eyypmpa: a) Coal-fired Utility Units -40 Code of Federal regulations (C.F.R.) Part 76· 316 P) Electric Utility Steam Generating Units - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart D and Subpart Da· y) Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units - 40 C.F.R. part 60, Subpart Db· 8) Nitric Acid Plants - 40 C.F.R. part 60, Subpat1 G· s) Stationary Gas Turbines - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart GG· Eb·Km crt) Municipal. Waste Combustors - 40 C.F.R Part 60, Subpart Ea and Subpart t;) Hospital/Medic~J/Infectious Waste Incinerators - 40 C.F.R. Pa1160, Subpart Ee. 317 IlAP APTHMA VI OPIAKEI. TIME!: rIA EKilOMIIE:E TITHTIKON OPf ANIKON ENO:EEON ATIO I.TA@EPE:E TIHrE:E 1. H eVOTitta A tO;QJet yta µap11 6Kt6c; 'WU Kavaoci Kat 1:rov Hvroµavrov floA.t'CEt(l)V Titc; Aµepttjc;, 11 eVO'C'rj'C(l B yta 'COV Kavaoci Kat 11 eVO'C'rjW r yta nc; Hvroµsvsc; IloA.t'C8IBc; 'C'r]c; Aµspttjc;. A. Mepn 6K'COC: 'COU Kavalici Kat 1:rov Hvcoµevrov IloA.t'CEtCOV mc; Aµspttjc; 2. H eV6Titta auTIJ wu 1mp6v1:0c; 1mpap't1lµa1:0c; KaMmet nc; ma0epac; 1tTJYEc; sKnoµmov 1tTitttKrov opyavuccbv eVcbosrov 7tA.11V tou µs0aviou (NMVOC), ot onoiec; 1tapati0eVtat cr,:a aK6A.ou0a oriµda 8 ecoc; 21. C:,.eV KaM1t1:0v1:at sy,camotcicretc; 11 1:µ11µa1:a syKmmncicrerov ym epeuva, avci1trul;11 Kat 001c1µ11 vecov 1tpoi:6vi;rov Kat ornpyamcbv. Ot Ka1:comwc; nµec; napm:i0eVmt m:ouc; aK6Aou0ouc; nivaKe<; nou sxouv Katapnc;,:ei avci to µfo. Luv110roc; avmpspovmt aB KamvciA.COCTTJ otaAutcbv 11 po11 µcit;ac; sK1toµn11c;. '01:av svac; cpopfoc; mcµetciAA.BUo'T]c; aaKei noWc; opacrTitpt61:11-cec; nou unciyov1:at CTTI\V auTII tlciori, cr1:11v mn11 syKataotaori cr,riv auTII toito0scria, 11 KO,'CUVClACOOT] OtaA'\J'COOV Kat 11 poft µcit;ac; EK1toµ1tcov 'CCOV eV Myro opacr1:11pt0TI1trov 1tpocr1:i8eV1:at. Eciv oeV unooeucvuetm Katcbta'C'r] nµ11, 11 opmtj ttµft nou olOeta.t mxuet yta 6A.Bc; ttc; crxsnKac; eyKamcrtcim,ic;. · 3. fta 1:0uc; crKoitouc; 'C'r]c; eVO'C'rjtac; A ·tou nap6vrnc; napaptftµmoc;: a) roe; «ano0ijKEUOTJ Kat otci0eOTJ PeV/;iv11c;» voehat 11 cp6p,roori cpop'IT\yrov, cnoripoopoµtKCOV payovtcov, <pOPTitYiorov Km 1tOV'C01t6pcov itA.oirov cre ano0ftKec; Kat crta0µouc; anoawiijc; otuA.tcrtrtpicov 1rntpeA.moetocov, el;mpouµevou tou avscpoomoµou oxriµcitrov cr1:0uc; crm0µouc; KUUcriµrov itOU J<UA,'U7t'l:OV'tllt U7t0 ta crxe1:tKci syypacpa yta tt<; KtVT]tSc; 1t11YE<;' P) roe; «KOAA11tt1Cll eiticnprocrri» voeitat Kci0e ornpyacria Km:ci ,riv onoia µm cruy,coU11nicri oucria smti0etat cre µm emcpciveta, cl;atpouµev11c; TI\\; cruyKoA.A.Y\'i:tK11<; snicrtprocrric; Kat Titc; el;SMCTT]c; itO'\J OX,etit;ovtat µs otepyacriec; EK'C'U1trocrric; Kat el;EMCTT]<; l;uMu Kat 7tA.<lcr'ClKO'U' y) roe; «el;EAO,CTT] l;uAOU Kat 11:MCl'CtKO'U)) VOet'Cat Kci0e otepyacria yta TI\ cruyK6A.A.Y\OTJ l;uMu ft/Kat itA.UcrttKou yia TI\V napayroyft el;11Mcrµsvrov npoi:6v1:rov· o) roe; «oiepyaaia enicr1:prooric;» voshat 11 scpapµoyft µem11.11.uccbv ft 1t:McrnKcov crtprocrscov cre: smpa'C'rjya U'\J'COKlVT]'CU, 0a11.aµicrKOU<; cpop'C'rjycbv, cpop,11ya, Mro<popsia 11 l;uAtvEc; 61ttcpavem;, 11 onoia K0,A'U7ttet. Ka0e otepyaaia KUtci ,11v onoia U7tA.ft ft 7t0/,AU7!;A.TJ scpapµoyft cruvsx,ouc; µsµppav11c; e1ticr1:prooric; scpapµ61;s,at ae: i) Katvoupta oxftµam, ta onoia opit;ovmt (PUns Katrotspro) roe; ox,ftµm:a Ka'C'rjyopiac; Ml Kat Km:11yopiac; Nl, ecp6crov ucpicrmnat snicn:proori crnc; iom; syKataotacretc; 6nroc; Kat ta ox,ftµam 'C'r]c; Kll'C'r]'YOpiac; Ml· ii) 0aMµimcouc; cpop,11ycov, Ot onoiot opii;ovtat roe; xrop0<; 'COU ooriyou, Ka.t OM m eVcrcoµatcoµsva 11:sptKaMµµa.1:a i:sxvtKou el;on11,icrµou trov ox11µci1:cov N2 Kat N3· iii) l(A,Btcrni Kat avotx,,ci <pOPTI\Yll, w. onoia opil;ov,m roe; oxftµm:a ,rov Km:moptcov Nl, N2 Kat N3, µ11 cruµnsptA.Uµpavoµevcov 1:cov 0aMµicrKrov ,rov cpop'IT\ycov· iv) A.Bcocpopeia, ta 011:oia opil;ovtat roe; o:eflµaw trov Ka'IT\yoptrov M2 Kat M3, Kat v) ciAA.Bc; µstaA.AtKsc; Kat 11:11.acrnKsc; smcpcivsiec;, cruµncptMµpavoµsvrov ,wv EmcpavEtcbv asponMvrov, n11.oirov, mo11poopoµtKOlV crupµcov K.A1t., l;uA.tvEc; smcpavernc;, entcpavasc; ucpavtoupytKcov 1tpoi:6v1:wv Kat ucpacrµa,cov, µsµppavcov KatX,apttOU. 318 kB CJ,U'l;ft TIJV Kct1:11yopiu 'ITT\Y<llV oev 7i:8p1Auµpavm;m 11 rnicri:pcoOT] unocri:pcoµa,:cov w: µetaAAfJ. µfoco WXVtKCllV 11AB1C'Cpocp6p110TJc; Kat x,11µtKOU \j/BKMµou. Eciv 11 otspyucriu sn:icrtpCOOT]<;; 71:!lpMµpavst cri:aoto Km:6, to onoio 'tO ioto siooc; ucptcrta'Cat 8K'CU71:COCT11, 'CO cri:6.oto TIJ<;; 8K'CU1tCOcri,c; 0sropsii:m µspoc; 'tll<;; ornpyucriai;; rnlmproOT]c;, Ocri:6cro oev (j\)µnsptMµpavovi:at otspyucrisc; eKnincoOTJc; nou Mttoupyouv roe; x,coptcri:ft opucr'TTJpt6'C1li:u. :E'tov optcrµ6 uui:6: i:u ox,11µu1:u Ml sivat BKsivu nou x,p11mµonmouvtm ym 't1l µsi:ucpopa empunov Kat cpspouv KU'C1 UVCll'CUto 6pto, 71:A11V TIJ<; 0foscoc; 'COU 0011you, OKt<ll 0fostc; KU0ftµevcov, ,:a oxftµutu M2 sivm sKeivu nou x,p11mµono1ouvm1 ym TIJ µsmcpopa emPutrov, cpspouv KU'C1 UVClltUtO 6pto, 7CA11V TIJ<; 0fosco~ toU 0011you, nsptcrcr6tepsc; tCOV OK'COO 0foscov JCU011µBYCOV Kat BX,OUV µsytcr'CO pa,poc; 1tOU OBY urcsppuivet 'COU<; 5 t, i:u oxftµam M3 sivm sKetva nou x,p11mµono1ouvmt ym 't1l µemcpopa empai:rov, cpspouv, n'A11v TIJ<;; 0foscoc; wu 0011you, neptcrcr6i:epsc; un6 oKi:ro 0fostc; Ku0ftµsvcov Kat ex,ouv µsytcrto pa.poc; nou uneppuive1 i:ouc; 5 t, i:u ox,11µum NI sivm sKeivu nou x,prjmµonmouvi:m ytu 'TTJ µei:acpopa eµnopeuµa.'CO)V Kat BX,OUV µsytcr'CO pa,poc ; 1tOU OBY uneppuivst 'COUS 3,5 t, i:u ox,11µum N2 Eivat sKEivu nou x,p11mµon01ouv1:m ym 'TTJ µeta<popci eµnopsuµai:cov Kat sx,ouv µsyww pa.poc; nou uneppctivst wuc; 3,5 t, u'AM osv uneppuivst wuc; 12 t, ta ox,ftµum N3 eivat e1<sivu nou x,p11crtµon01ouvm1 ym 1:11 µsw.cpopa sµnopeuµa.i:cov Kat ex,ouv µsyicrw papoc; nou unsppuivet wuc; 12 t, e) we; «nposnicri:pcocri,» voehm Ka0s otspyacria Kui:a t11v onoiu x,a'Aupac; crs nriviu, avol;siorotoc; x,a11,upuc;, emcri:pcoµevoc; x,a11,upuc;, Kpaµum X,UAKOU 11 tatvisc; UAOuµwiou emcri:provovi:at sii:s µe crx,11µancrµ6 µsµppa.v11c; 11 el;1111,acrµev11 snicrtpcocri, cre cruvex,ft otspyucria: cri:) roe; <<crtsyv6 Ka06.ptcrµu» vosimt Ka.Os p10µ11x,uv11Cft ft eµnopticft opacn:rip161:11m nou x,p11mµonotei 1tti,'ClKE<; opyavtKec; svciicrstc; cm eyKatacrmcri, ym tov Ka0uptcrµ6 evouµatcov, sninAOOv Kat uva11,oyoov 1<u,uvu11,conKrov uyu0cov, eK,6c; un:6 'tllV acpuipecri, µe to x,spt MKsorov Km K11Aiocov cr'tllv tlcocnoucpuvwupyia Kat CTTIJ p10µ11x,uvia evouµatoov· /;,) we; «Kutucr1Ceu11 nupuoxeuucrµatcov enicr,pcocri,c;, pepvtKtcov, µe1,.uv1rov Km KOAA11ttKrov oucrtciiv» voehat 11 Kum01ceuft nupucrKsuucrµatcov snicr,:pcocri,c;, pspvtKtmv, µs'Aavtrov Kat KOAA11'ttKOJV oumcov, Kat tcov evomµfocov 1tpo'i6v,cov-scp6crov yive,at crwv ilito PtoµTjX,UVtK6 x,copo, om 'tll<; av6.µstl;11c; x,pcocrttKOJV, PrtttVOlV Kat (j\)yJCOAATj'ttKOlV UAtKCDV µe opyuvtK01JS 01a1,.u,ec; 11 a11,11,ouc; cpopeic;. k'TTJV Kat11yopia au'CfJ nep111,uµpavov,m erctcri,c; 11 ow.crnopa., 11 1tpootacr1topci, 11 81ttt8ul;11 ev6c; (j\)YK8Kptµevou tl;rooouc; ft x,proµutoc; l(at 11 cr1JcrK8UUcria 'WU teAtKou rcpoi:6vtoc; cre oox,eia· 11) roe; «sKruncocri,» voeitat 1<a0e ornpyucria avunupaycoyftc; Kitµevou 11/icm etK6vrov Ku,a 1:11v onoiu, µs TIJ x,pftcri, ev6c; cpopfo e11<6vuc;, 11 µeMv11 µemcpspemt cre µia emcpcivetu, 11 onoia ecpupµ6~e1:at crttc; ctK6Aou0ec; emµapouc; otspyacrisc;: i) cpMl;oypucpiu: otepyacriu eKwncocri,c; nou x,p11cr1µonotei tvuv cpopfa stK6vuc; nou an:01:sMitat an6 SMCTttK6 ft sAacr,uca. cpooton:01,.uµepft, cnov onoio 01 e1ewrco-6µevsc; neptox,sc; sivat u'1'11M1:epec; un:6 nc; µ11 eKwnouµevsc;, x,p11cnµonmciivi:ac; uypsc; µe'Aavsc; 01 onoisc; cr,syvcovouv om tric; sl;atµtcri,c;· ii) 0spµft cruvsx,ftc; sKrurccoOTJ offset: ornpyucria sKwncocrric; ,pocpooo1:0uµsv11 un6 poA.6 rcou x,p11criµonotsi evav cpopfo w,6vac; crwv onoio 11 sKwnouµev11 Km 11 µ11 e1ewrcouµev11 rcsptoxft ppicrKov,at crw iota enineoo Kat 611:ou «tpocpooocria µs poM» OT]µaivet 6n w npoc; s1erunco01] UAtK6 tpocpooo1:sim1 cr'tll µ11x,avft un:6 tvu poM, crs uv-c1ow.cr1:011,ft npoc; 'CllV 1:pocpooocriu µs x,oop1cr1:a cpuANJ.. H µ11 319 8KTIJ1touµEVf\ nepwx,n ucp{m:a:cat B7t8~Bpyacria ym va ll1,,K8t vsp6 Kat µa toV ,p6no am:6 va 6tcox,vat 'C'll µsMvri. H sKmnouµEVT\ napwx,11 ucpim:a,m anel;epyaaia yut va Mx,smt Kat va µsmoiost 1:ri µsM.vri CJ'C'llV npoc; aKwnroCJTJ smcpavsta. H s~6:tµtcrri yivstm as cpoupvo 6nou x,primµonotd,m t;scr,6c; aapac; yta tT] 0epµavcrri to1J wnroµevou 1JA,tKOU· iii) oriµomoypa<ptK11 paeumnia: paeumrcia 1i:ou x,pricnµonotsfam yta 'C'llV sKwrcrocrri x,apnou yta nsptootKci, cpuiM.ota, Km:aMyouc; Kat ava1,,oya . rcpoi'.6v,a x,pricnµonotcov,ac; µsMvsc; µa P<iCJTJ ,o toMUBVto· iv) paeumnia: BKmnronKi\ otspyacria nou x,primµonorni KUA,tVoptK6 cpopfo stK6vm; crtov onoio T\ aKmrcouµevri nspwx,11 ppiCJKBtat x,aµriM,spa an6 'C'llV µri aKmnouµEVT\ nsptox,11, x,pricr1µono1cov,ac; uypb; µsM.vsc; ot onoiec; crwyvrovouv 8ta 'C'll<; a~atµtcrric;. Ot acrox,ac; ysµit;ouv µs µaMvri Kat to nspiCJcreuµa Ka0ap[t;a,at arc6 'C1l µT] 8KTIJ7tOUµEVT] 87tHpUV8ta nptv TJ 87tHpUV8ta 1t01l np6K8t'Cat VU 8KTIJ1tC008{ Bp0et CJB enacp11 µs toV lCUA,tVopo Kat acpatpfost 'CT\ µaiavri an6 nc; wox,ac;· . v) nsptcnpocpttj µs,a~omnia: CJUvsxflc; ornpyacria sKwnroCJT]c; Ka-ca 'C'llV ono{a T\ µB"'6.Vf\ µs,acpapa,at CJ'C11V npoc; BKW1tffiCJTt entcpaVeta ntll/;OV'Cac; 1:f]V µforo nopcooouc; cpopfo BtK6vac;, Ka:ta 'C'llV ono{a T\ 8K'C1l7COU µEVY] 1t8ptOX,11 et Vat otanspa'l:11 Kat f\ µT] EKTil1tOUµEVT] 8tVat mppaytcrµBVY), X,pf]O'tµ01totCDV'Ca<,; uypac; µsM.vsc; ot onoiac; cr,ayvcovouv µ6vo 6tci 'C'llc; a~a,µtCJT]c;. :Euvax,11c; sKwnroCJTJ CJT]µaivat 6n w uA,tK6 nou np6Kattat va EKmnro0d ,pocpooowitm cr'C'll µrix,av11 an6 eva poM, cra avttotacrtoi11 npoc; tTJV ,pocpooocria µa x,roptcr,a cpu1,,t.,a · vi) noMcrtprocrri CJUvoa6µEVTJ µa otapyacria sKwnrocrric;: T\ CJUyK6"'"'TJCJT! Mo 11 naptcrcro,aprov suKaµn,rov uA,tKCOV yta 'C'llV napayroy11 noiucr,proµanKou UA,tKou Kat vii) papviKroµa: oIBpyacria Ka,a 'C'llV onoia papviKt 11 CTUYJCOA,A-TJ'CtKT\ snicnproCJTJ yta 'C1l µa,ayEVfo,spri crcpp6.ytCJT] wu UA,tKou CJU01eauacriac; acpapµ6t;s,at cm eva auKaµnto UA,tKO' 0) roe; «KatacrKEUl\ cpapµaKrnnKcov npowv,rov» vodtm TJ x,riµuciJ cruv0ECJTJ, T\ t;uµroCJT], TJ E~ayroyi\, TJ avaµstl;ri Kat TJ ,EA-UCTJ EnEl;apyacria cpapµaKaunKcov npoi:6v,rov Kat, 6nou . am6 y{vs,at crwv ilito Ptoµrix,avtK6 x,copo, TJ Ka,a01CBUTj evomµforov npoi'.6v1:rov· t) me; «µE,atp01CTj cpUcrtKOU 11 CJUV08'CtKOU 8A,acr'Ct1C01J)) V08l'Cat K0.08 opacr'C'llpt6'CT\'CCl avaµstl;11c;, O.MCJTJc;, µi;{l;ric;, KaA,avoapicrµa,oc;, sl;e-mcrric; Kat pouA,KUVtCJµou cpucrtKOU 11 CJUv0s,tKou st.,acr'CtKou Kat ica0s cruvacp11c; oIBpyacria yta 'C1l µi;,a,pon~ cpucnKou 11 cruv0snKou a'.A,acrttKou cm 'C8t.,tK6 npoi'.6v· ta) roe; «Ka0aptcrµ6c; amcpavsiac;» voi;fam Ka0s litspyaofa BK,6,; wu cr,i;yvou Ka0apicrµa-coc; µa 'C1l %P11CJT! opyavtKcov otaimcov yta 'C'llV acpaipacrq punrov an6 'C'llV EmcpavEta ,ou uA,tKou, nEptt.,aµpavo µevric; 'C'llc; ano1,,inavCJT]c;. H oIBpyacria ica0.aptcrµou, T\ onoia cruvlcrta,m crs 7t8ptcrcr6wpa an6 eva cr,aota nptv an6 11 µs,a an6 Ka.Sa (1,A,A,Q crtaoto 81t8/;spyacriac; 0srop8l'Cat roe; oIBpyacria Ka0aptcrµou amcpavdac;. H otspyacria avacpapstat crwv Ka0apmµ6 'C'llc; smcp6.vstac; ,rov npoi:6v,rov Kat 6x,t crtov ica0aptcrµ6 wu al;on1,,1crµou nov x,primµonoii;hm cr'C'll oIBpyacrfrt· tP) roe; «El;ayroy11 cpunKmv i;'.A,a{rov Km t;rotKou 1,,{nouc; Kat oIBpyacrfac; al;wyevtcrµou cputtKou i;1,,a{ou» vodtat ic6.0a opacr'C'llpt6'C'llta yta 'C'llV sl;ayroyi\ cpunicou i;1,,aiou an6 crn6pouc; Kat 6.1,,Mc; cpmticac; oucrfac;, T\ mi;~i;pyacria ~ripmv uno'.A,stµµa,rov yta ,riv napayroy11 t;ro01:pocpcov, o Ka.0aptcrµ6c; immv Kat cpunKmv sia.irov nov npoapx,ovtai a.no crn6pouc;, qmt11dj oucria iJ/Kat t;roticec; oucrfac;· ty) roe; «cptviptcrµa. ox,riµa1:rov» voahat Ka.Sa Ptoµrix,avtKTj 11 sµnoptKl\ opacrtf]pt6-crim micr,proCJT]c; Kat ClX,81:tKB<; opacr'C'llpt6trj'CEc; anoA,t1taVCJT]c; nov a<popouv: 320 i) TIJV rnlcn:proCITJ ootKrov omµa,rov fJ µspoui:; amrov, 11 ono{a npayµawnou:hm roe; µspoc; TIJc; 81ttcrK::81J1lc; WU oxfJµa,1:oc;, TIJc; crov~p110TJc; 1:0U 11 TIJc; OtaKOCJµ1707J<; WU aK1:6c; 1:rov syKaw.cr,:acrsrov 1tapayroy11c;, 11 ii) TIJV apxtKT] an{cr,:proCITJ oouccov omµa,:rov 11 µspouc; au1:cov µs UAtKll cpwtp{crµatoc;, 6w.v au,6 npayµawnou:faat µaicpta an6 1:17v apxttj ypaµµ11 napayroytjc;, 11 iii) TIJV sn{cr,:proCITJ puµou1cicouµsvrov (croµ1tsptAaµf3avoµevrov 11µtpuµou1cicouµsvrov)· to) roe;· «sµ1toncrµ6<; /;utctVroV 81ttcpaV8tCOV» V08l'tat Ka6s otapyacrfo. Ka,a 't11V 07t01Ci l;uABta sµ1t01:{t;sw.t µs npocri;a,,:aunicsc; oucr{sc;• u:) roe; «icavovticsc; crov6fJicsc;» voounm 6spµoKpacr{a, 273,15 K Kat7tl8CTTJ 101,3 kPa· tcr,:) roe; «NMVOC» voouvwt DAS<; ot opyavticsc; avcocrstc; nAtJV wu µs6a,v{ou, ot ono{sc; crn 6spµoKpa,cr{a 273,15 K napoucrtcit;ouv 'ltIBO"YJ KSKopscrµevou a,,:µou wuMxtcrrnv 0,01 kPa 11 1tapoucrtat;ouv av<iMYYJ 1tTIJ'ttKO't1l'm un6 nc; osooµevsc; crov6f]icsc; scpapµoytjc;· ti;) roe; «mca.epta» voouv,:at ,:a, 1:BAtKa aepta an6f3ATJ1:Ci nou nsptexouv NMVOC 11 aUouc; punouc; Kat eKA'UOV'l:Cit CJ'COV aepa µforo Kanvoooxou 11 sl;oitAtcr~O'l) µdrocr11c; 1:rov mcnoµnrov. H oyKoµa,pttj pofJ ,:rov anof31cfJ1:rov asp{rov sKeppat;s,:m crs m /h un6 1eavovtKsi:; cruv611Ksc;· t11) roe; «aval;eAByK't8<; 81C7tOµnec; NMVOC» voouvw~ OAS<; ot 8K1t0µ1tec; NMVOC, 7tA11V ,roy 1tspu:x6µsvrov a,:a an6f31c111:a aepta, (J'tOV a,1:µocrcpatptKO aepa, O"'tO Boacpoc; Kat c;,:a, uoa,,a,, Ka6roc; Kal, 8K'tO<; aV'tt6SWU U1to08~8ro<;, Ot 8K7tOµnec; otaAU1:ffiV 7t0U 7tSpIBXOV't(l,t Ci8 npo'i6vm Kat nsptAaµf3avouv µ11 oscrµsu6µavsc; sKnoµnsc; nou stluov,at aw sl;roi:sptK6 1t8ptf3aAAOV µforo 1tapa6uprov, 6upcov, aspayroyrov Kat oµostorov a,votyµa,rov. Ot optaKE<; ,tµsc; yta nc; avsl;sASYJC'CB<; eKnoµnsc; uno1coy{t;ovi:at (36.crst i:ou crxsofou lhaxs{pm11c; OtaAUtffiV (f3Mns npocrap1:1wa I wu napovwc; napapi:fJµawc;)· t6) roe; «crovo1cucsc; eKnoµnsc; NMVOC» . vositat to a6potcrµa, ,:rov avsl;sAByK,:rov 8K1t0µ1trov NMVOC Kat trov 8K1tOµnrov NMVOC <na anaepta· K) roe; «sicrpofJ» vosfaat 11 nocr6'tTJ,a opyavtKrov otaAmcov Kat TJ nocr6tTjta opyavtKrov ota1cutrov nou XPricriµonotouv,:at crs napacrKsuacrµa,,:a, yta i:11v smi:eAScr11 µ tac; otspyqcriac;, cruµnsptAaµf3avoµevrov ,:rov avaKUtlouµavrov ota1cmrov sv,:6c; Kat s1C1:6c; 'tTJ<; syKa1:acr1:aCTT]c;, ot onofot unoAOyit;ovi:at Ka6s cpopa 7t0U xp11mµonotouv1:at yta TIJV 87tt'CSASO"YJ 1:11c; opacr'tTjptO'tTj'Cac;· Ka) roe; «optatj nµfJ» vosfaat 11 µsytcr,:11 nocr6,:11m aeptac; oucr{ac; nou nspu\xs,at cra anaepta ,:a ono{a stluovtm an:6 syKa'tcicrmCJYj Kat osv npsnst va unspf3a{vs,m Km:a ,11 foapKsta <pucrtoAOyttjc; ASttoupyiac;. EK't6c; avn6ewu unooeil;scoc;, npsn:st ya, un:oAoyil:;e'tat crs 6pouc; µat;ac; punou Ka1:1 6yKo anaapfou (s1Ccppat;6µav11 crs mgC/Nm3, BK't6c; avn6swu unoos~sroc;) 6sroprovmc; KCiVOVtKsc; cruv611Ksc; 6spµoKpacr{m; Kat 7tIBCJYjc; yta l;11pa aspta. fta eyKa,acrtacrstc; nou xp11mµono10uv Ot(l,A'Utec;, . Ot optaicsc; nµsc; OtoOV'tat coc; µovaoa µat;ac; ava xapUK't'rjptcr'ttKT] µovaoa TIJS a,v,:fo-wtx,11c; opa,cr,:17pt6,:11,:ac;. 'OyKOt asp{ou '/WU npocr,:i6av,:at cr,:a anaapta yta 'l'US11 11 a,pa,{roCJYj 08V Aaµf3aVOV'tat U7t0'1'11 lCCi'ta 'tOV npocrol0ptcrµ6 't11<; µal:;ttj<; cruyKSV'tproCJT]<; 'tOU punou cr,:a anaspta. Ot optaKsc; nµfa; yavtKroc; acpopouv 0"8 6ASc; nc; 7tTIJ'l:tKE<; opyavticsc; eVrocrstc; n1c11v WU µB6av(ou (oav ')'tVB'tat Kaµia 7t8pat't8pro 'otllKPlCITJ n.x, 6crov acpopa CT'tTJV avnopacrnTC6'tTJ,:a, fJ ,:11v wl;tKOTIJ'tfi)• icf3) roe; «Kavovttj 11,stwupyia» voouv,:at 6AB<; ot nspfooot AStwupyim; sK,:6c; an6 nc; cpfoetc; evapl;ric; Kat 7tfiUCITJ<; TIJ<; Aet'tOupy{ac; Kat nc; nspt6oorn; croVt11PTJCITJS 'COU sl;onhcrµou· 321 icy) ot «amplapau; yia 't'f\V av0pd:nttVTt uysfo oucr{sc;» unootatpouv,cii as ouo KU't'f\YOPIBc;: i) aA.OyovroµBVsc; ITOE nou cruvsmiyovmt m0av6 Kivouvo µ6viµrov smm:cocrsrov 11 ii) smrivouvsc; ouaisc; nou dvm KapKwoy6vot, µsmAAal;ioy6vot 11 1:0/;tKec; ym 'tTJV avanapayroyft 11 µnopouv va npoKaMcrouv KapKivo, yavsntj KATJpovoµiKft PMPTJ, KapKivo ot&. etcrnvoftc;, µeiroCTTJ 1:11c; yovtµ6't'f\1:ai; 11 PMP11 CT'tU eµppua. 4. ITpfast va 1tATJpouv1:at ot aK6Aou0ac; anat'tftcreic;: a) ot mmoµnec; NMVOC napaKoAou0ouvmi 1 Kat TJ cruµµ6pcp@CT1'] µa 1:ic; optaKec; 'ttµec; el;aKptPIDVE'Cut. Ot µe0ooot al;aKpiproCTl']c; ouvavmt va 1tEpt11,a,µp&.vouv cruvex,su; Kat UCTUVEX,Ei(; µstpi\crstc;, eyKptCTTj 't'IJ7t0U Kat K&.0s U,AAl'] 'CEX\'tKCJ, op0i\ µe0ooo· Ent7tpocr0enoc;, 1tpE1tEL va dvat atKovoµtKti Eq>tKtac;· P) ot cruyKanpcocmc; m:µocrcpatptKCOV pumov as aapuyroyouc; µatpouvmi µs uvnnpocrronsunK6 ,:p6no. H oetyµatoA.Tj'lftU Kat 11 UVUAUCl"l'] 't(OV punrov, KU0ID<; Kat Ot µe0ooot µetpl']CTTJ<; avacpopcov yta 'tr\ pa0µov6µl']CT1'] t(OV O"UO"'tl']µtitrov µetpl']CTTJ<;, EK'CEAOUV'tat cruµcprova µs ,:a np6wna 'Cl']<; Eupronui'.Kftc; Ennponftc; Tunonof11CTTJ<; (CEN) 11 wu i1IB0vouc; Opyavtcrµou Tunonof11CTTJc; (ISO). Ev avuµovft 'tr\<; avanwl;ric; npon'mrov CEN 11 ISO, tcrx,uouv m s0vtKci np6wna· y) Eq>6crov U7tat'C01JV'Cat µa,:pftcrstc; 'tO}V EKnoµncov NMVOC, am:ec; npayµu1:0notouv1:at µe cruvex,it tp6no stiv 11 O"UVolttj nsptEKttK6-c11m trov sKnoµncov NMVOC cra opyavtK6 tiv0paKa unappaivst m 10 kg (TOC)/h crwv ayroy6 EKpoitc; KatllV't'f\ tl']<; ayKata.crtaCTTJ<; µsiroCTTJc; -ccov aKno µncov, Kat etiv 0t co pee; Aettoupyiac; uneppaivow nc; 200 at11crlcoc;. rm 6AEc; tt<; &.AAE<; ayKatacnticratc;, anmtdmt Kat' sMx,icr-cov acruvex,i\c; µe,p11CTTJ. fta wv eAEyx,o 'tr\<; cruµµ6pcproCTTJc; µa ta npoavacpap0BVm, ouvamt vu x,p11cnµonm110ouv Kat awe; npocrsyyfoetc;, eq>6crov sl;acrcpaAil;ouv 1,s{crou uucrtl']pec; µs,:pftcrstc;· o) npoKatµBVou napi cruvsx,cov µetpi\crarov, roe; EAax,tcr't'f\ anaitl']CTTJ, ta np6wna yta nc; EK1toµnsc; 't'f\PO'UV'tut ECJ,V Ot KU0l']µEptVB<; µecrec; ttµec; OEV U7teppaivouv 'Cl']V optatj nµft Kuta 'tl']V Kavovttj AEttoupyiu Kat etiv Kaµfo roptaia ttµ11 oEV uneppaivet tl']V optaKi\ nµ11 Katti 150 %. fta 'COV EAEYX,O 'tl']<; cruµµ6pq>@CTTjc; µe ta npoavacpep06Vta, O'UVU'tat vu x,p11crtµo1tot110ouv Kat awe; npocreyyicretc;, scp6crov el;ucrcpaAil;ouv el;icrou aucr'tl']pac; µe1:p11m,tc;· E) npoKstµBVou nepi acruvax,cov µE1:pftcracov, roe; aMx,tcr'tTj anaitl']CT'I'], ,:a np6wna yta ttc; aKnoµnec; -c11pouvmt Eav 11 µi\011 nµ11 611,cov -ccov evoail;scov oev uneppaivat TrJV optaKTJ nµfJ Kat stiv Kaµia coptaia nµfJ oEV unsppaivst tl']V optaKTJ nµfJ Katti 150 %. rm wv eAEyx,o ,11c; cruµµ6pcpcoCl"l']c; µs ,;a npoavacpsp0BVta, ouvatat va x,p11cnµono1110ouv Kat aAAE<; npocrayyicrstc;, scp6crov sl;aacpaA{l;ouv sl;icrou aucr't'f\pec; µs1:p11crau;· ' crt) npfast va 11,a,µptivovmt 6Aec; ot KUtllAATJAE<; npocpuMl;stc; yta 'tl']V sAax,icrtonofrJCl"l'] 'CCOV BK1toµncov NMVOC Kata 't'f\V BVUp/;l'] Kat 'tl']V 7tU'UCTTJ 'tr\<; AEttoupyiac; Kat cr,riv nspim:OOCl"l'] napsruicrsrov an6 't'f\V Kavovitj AEttoupyia Kat l;) oEV anattouvtat µs1:p11crstc; e&.v oEV x,pEttil;Etat el;on11,wµ6c; µEtroCl"l']c; ,11c; punavcr11c; cno ti:loc; 'tl']<; napayroyttjc; otaotKaaiac; yta tl']V 'tllPllCTTJ 1:rov aK6A.Ou0rov optaKcov ,:iµcov Kat etiv Etvm ouvm6v va U'/tOOEtX,'tEt 6n 0t optaKE<; nµec; OEV uneppaivovmt. . 1 H 11apaKowuB11ITTJ voshm w~ cruvoAtKT] 6pmn,ip16np:a, 11 onoia 1tEp1MµPiive1 µs,p11ITTJ ,wv mmoµmilv, 1cro~uym µli~o;~, K.A1t. Eivm ouvm6v yo; EKTEAEIWt KUTU m>VEXTJ fJ CXCTUVEXT] Tp61to. 322 5. Ot a.K6AfJu0ec; optmcac; nµac; tcrxuouv ym m a.na.apta., EKt6c; a.vn0tholl ll7tOOBissmc;: a.) 20 mg ollcria.9m3 yta. mcnoµnac; a.Myovmµevmv mrp:tKrov opya.vtKrov mrocrsrov (01 07tOIB<; cpapouv tr] cppa.011 KtVOUVOll: 7tt0av6c; KlVOUVO<; µ6vtµr.ov 67tl7ttC:006ffiV), OtUV 1'] µa/,;ttcft poft toll a.0poicrµa.toc; tmv EVC:Oosmv 7t0ll sss-i:a.1,;ovw.t sivat µsya.Mtspri a.n;6 ft {011 µs 1 00 g/h, Kat j3) 2 mg/m3 (sKcppa./,;6µEV1'] me; a.0potcrµa. 'tffiV µa/,;rov 'tffiV B1ttµapouc; EVaJO"BffiV) yta 61<1t0µ1tac; 7t1:rJ'ttKaJV opya.VtKC:OV BVC:OO"BffiV (ot 07tOIB<; -cpspOUV 1:1'] cppa.01'] KtVO'OVOll: µ1topoUV VU npoKa.Mcrouv 1capKivo, yBVsttKft dTJpovoµtKft j3Mj3ri, Ka.pKivo ota. s101tVoftc;, j3Mj3ri om sµj3pua., µstffi011 tr]c; yovtµ6t1'jtUc;), O'tCl.V TJ µa./,;t1cft poft 'tOU a.0po{crµa.toc; 'tffiV BVC:OOBffiV 7tOU BSE'tll/,;OV'tat dva.t µsya.AutsprJ a.n;6 ft {011 µs 10 g/h. 6. rm nc; Ka.trjyopisc; 7t1']'YaJV 7t0ll 1ta.pa.1:i0EVta.t crttc; 1ta.pa.yp6.cpollc; 9 smc; 21 KCl.1:0)1:Epr.o, tcrxuouv ot UKOAfJU0sc; ava.0smpftosic;: a.) a.v,:i, tric; scpa.pµoyftc; 1:mv opta.Krov nµrov ym nc; syKa.1:a.01:6.crstc; noll ica.0opil,;ovtai KCl.'tffitBpOO, EtVa.t ouva,;6y VU 61tt'tpa.1ts{ O''tOll<; <pOpBt<; BKµEtUAABU011<; 'CCOV Cl,VttcrtotXffiV syKa.-ca.crta.crsmv va XPTJcrtµonmftoouv eva. np6ypa.µµa. nsptopicrµou (j3A.Bns rtpocra.ptr]µa. II tou nap6vtoc; 11:a.pa.p'Cftµa.1:oc;). I:icoii:6c; tall npoypa.µµa.wc; m,ptoptcrµou sivm va oo0si crrnv <popea. EKµBta.WU011c; TJ OUVUtOt~'C<Y, VU B7ttWXBt µs (lA,A,QU<; 'tp07toll<; µstC:O<JEt<; tO)V 6K1t0µ1troV tcrOOUVa.µsc; µs BKBtVB<; 7t0U 0a 67ttW'YXUVQV'C<Y,V µa 'trJV a<pa.pµo'Yft tffiV OBOOµBVmV opta.KC:OV nµrov Kat 13) 6crov a.cpopa crnc; a.vsssMyictec; BK1toµnsc; NMVOC, Ot nµac; tmv a.vasSA,B-yKtffiV BK1t0µ1troV 7t0ll 1ca,0opi/;oVtat KUtffitBpm tO"XIJOUV roe; optaKsc; nµsc;. !1crt6cro, O'taV 1'] a.pµ6ota apxfl icpivet 6n ri 011µµ6pcpmcrri npoc; 1:rJV nµft a.u-cft om a{vm scptK,:ft a.ii:6 1:sxv1Kftc; Kat micovoµ1Kftc; a.1t6'1'BOO<; yta. µ{a. 01J-yKEKptµBV1'] syKa.tacrm011, ri a.pµ6ota. a.pxft µn;opd va. ssa.tpscrnt tr]V EV Myro eyKa.ta.cr1:a011, ecp6crov OBY a.va.µeveta.t va. npo1CU'1'Et crriµa.vnic6c; Kivouvoc; yta. 1:riv uyda mu av0pro7tOU ft 'CO 7tBptj3<'iAA.OV. I;s Ka0s na.psrut011, 0 cpopfoc; mcµsta.WU011<; ocps{A,Bt VU a.nooEtKVUEt O'tr]V a.pµ6ota a.pxft 6n XPTJcrtµonotEt'ta.t rJ j3aA.ttO't1'] 8ta0scrtµ1'] tEXVtKft. 7. Ot opta.Ksc; nµsc; yta. nc; s1moµ1tsc; voe ym nc; Ka.1:rJyopfoc; 7tTJ'YffiV 7t0ll opil,;ovta.t Ota <J1'jµBto 3 Ka.0op{/,;OVW.t Ota. 011µs{a 8 sr.o,: ; 21 KCl.tO)tBpm. 8. Ano0ftKED011 Kat 8t<'i0s011 j3mi,;ivric;: Ilivmmc;l OptaKec; 't'lflES yw. EK11:0µ,n;ec; voe :n:ou EKA.110V't'at a:n:6 1:11v ano011Keu011 mn Tl1 ow.Gecrri TllS f3ev~iv11c;, el:;mpouf1Ev11c; T'll<; cp6pTrocr11c; :n:ov-ron6prov 11:1..oirov IlapayroytK11 tKavotrJi;a, TSXVlK11, 0:1..1..0 a a u:inKo Mov<'ioa. a.v<'iK't1']<J1']c; a.tµou 7t0U esunripstei eyKa.1:acrt<'icretc; a.no0ftKsu011c; Ka.t ou'i0e011c; 0"6 01J'YKPO'tftµata. oesaµsvrov TJ ts a.n1<ou m:a.0 ou OtuA.tcr imv 6.ta.Kivri011 5000 m j3svl,;ivric; E'tTJOir.oc; 10 g VOC/Nm cruµnsp1Aa.µj3a.voµevoll µs0a.viou l:1]µ&irocn,: 0 a,µ6,; ;cou µITTai:om,e,m an6 rn yeµicrµa ,rov oe~aµevrov ano9~KEUITT)<; pev~{v11,; µemwni,e,m ehe ere a:l.).g,; oe~aµeve,; ano0~KEUITT)<; ei,e crs e~on:1.icrµ6 µeiro011,; ,rov EKnoµnrov, nou TllPouv n,; optaKE<; nµis,; nou mxpati0evmt cr,:ov avro,epro mvaKa. 323 9. Ko11,A;rp:ucfJ anicn:pcocni: ITivaKac; 2 Optaicec; TLJJ,EC, "(ta TLC, e1mopatec; NMVOC it0'I) 8KA.1JOVTO.t an:6 6tepyao-iec; KOAA'll'ftKijc; 87tt6TPC00"11C, ITapaycoytKtt ucav6-r11-ra, Ka-rro,:a'r'll nµij OptaKij nµij . OptaKij -riµij yta T8)tVtKtt, allo KO.TUVClACO<f11'o 6taX,'llT8C, 8K7t0pai:EC, x,apaKT11ptcrTtK6 ·otaA'IJT'll (t!ETOC,) NMVOC(% 8UJP011C 0taA,1JT1]) KamcrK&IYll unooriµchrov· >5 25 g otaM1:11 ava veac; 1<:at ucptcri:cx.µavec; ~ruyapt 8')'KO.'tUO"'tCl0"81.C; A.UT] KOAAT]'tUCTJ anicr,:pcocni, 5-15 50\"J mg C/Nm, 25 8K't0<; KO.'tUO"K8UT\ > 15 50\"! mg C/Nm, 2ff U1tO0T]µa,:rov• VB8<; Kat uqncri:ciµavec; ayKamcri:a.crau; ( o,) Eo,v xr11cr1µ01to10uvm1 ~BX,Vll<B<; ltOU 87n'tp8ltOUV TI]V 8lt(l,VO,XP1lC1tµ01tOlljCTTJ WU llVllKTij0EV,:oi; OlllAU~, 11 opmKf\ nµft e[vm 150 mgC/Nm3. 1 o. El;sAflcni 1;u11.ou Kat nAflcrnKou: Iliva.Ka.i:; 3 OptaKiic; TtJJ,E<; yta. 8K1topatec; NMVOC nov EKA'llOVTat an:6 6tspyacriec;; sl;H,acrtJ<; l;i>A01l Kat itMGTtKOl) fiapU"fCO"(tKij tKUV0'l:1lTU, T8)tVtK1'j, Ka:rco-rai:11 -rtµij OptaKij i:tµij yia -rte;; allo x,apUK'r'llPl<J'ttK0 ICilTO.VClACOO"ll':i 0ta/\.'IJ'r'll <J'llVOAtKEC, EK1t0J.l,1tll',i (tit-roe:) NMVOC E/;BMO"T] l;u11,ou Kat 1tA,UO"'ttKOU' veac; >5 30 g NMVOC/m' Ka.tu1tapxoucrac;syKa1:acr1:acrau; 11. Litapyacrfoc; an{cri:procnic; (µamlltKec; Kat 1tAfLITTtKsc; amcpavatac; cra amPct't'flYll au1:0Kiv111:a, Sa11.aµicrKouc; cpop1:11yc:bv, cpop1:11ya, Mroqiopa{a, l;uAtVB<; 81tt(f)UV8t8<;): 324 IlivaKac; 4 OptaKec; -riµsc; yw. sKnoµ.niic; NMVOC nou mtl:6ov-rat an6 otspyacrillc; sni<r-rpro0'1l<; m11v a'll-r0Ktv11-ro~wµ,11xavia Ilo:paycoyuct\ tKaVOTJJ't'o:, TE)CVtKt\, &1,,i,,o Kai-roi-aTIJ i-tµt\ Ka-ravaAcoO"Jlc; OptaKt\ i-tµt\ w> yta x,apaKTljpUTTtKO 6tai.1lTIJ (tlF:r:oc;) c«> mivoi.tKEc; eKnoµntc; NMVOC N sec; eyKumcrtcicre1c;, emcr1:procrT) > 15 45 g NMVOC/m2 11 U'O't01ClVll'tffiV (M 1, M2) (Km> 5,000 emcr,;pmµsva wµcix,rn 1.3 kg/wµcix,to Km E'CT!crimc;) 33 g NMVOC/m2 Y cptcnciµevec; eyKawcrtcicretc;, emm:pmcrri > 15 60 g NMVOC Im' 11 UU't01ClV11'tffiV (M 1, M2) (and> 5,000 emcrtproµtvu 1.9 kgheµcix,to Kat wµcix.w. E'CT!crimc;) 41 g NMVOC/m2 Neec; Kat ucp1cr1:ciµevec; eyKatacr1:cicrsic;, > 15 (:S 5,000 emm:pmµsvec; 90 g NMVOC/m" 11 emcr'tpOlcr!] O.U1:01ClV11'tOlV (Ml, M2) citpuKwt oAocpspoucrac; 1.5 kgheµciX:to Km emKciAmvric; 11 >3500 sii:m1:proµtvu 70 g NMVOC/m2 itAaicrm E'CT!crimc) Nssc; eyicumcrtcicrstc;, emcr1:procrT) > 15 (:S 5000emcrtproµsva 1:eµax1a 65 g NMVOC/m' 00.AaµicrKmv Kutvouptmv cpop1:11yrov (N 1, s1:11crimc;) N2, N3) Nsec; syK!l.1:acrtcicrsic;, emcr'tpCOITT] > 15 (>5000 emcr,;pmµsva ,;sµuxm 55 g NMVOC/m2 0aAaµ{crKOlV KO.tvouptOlV q>Op'tl"jymv (N 1, B'tl"jOt(J)(;) N2, N3) Y cpicrtaµBVsc; B7K!l.1:acr1:6.cretc;, emcrtpmcrri > 15 (:SSOOO emcrtpmµsva 1:eµcix,tu 85 g NMVOC/m' 0a;\.aµicrKrov Kmvouptmv cpop1:11yrov (NI, E'tl"jO"tOl<;) N2, N3) Y cptm:6.µBVec; ey1emacrtcicre1c;, emcnpmcrri >15 (>5000 emcr,;pmµeva 1:sµcix,tu 75 g NMVOC/m2 0aAaµtcrKrov Ka.tvouptrov cpop1:11yrov (Nl, E'tl"jO"tCO<;) N2, N3) Nfoc; syK!l.'l:ucr1:cicr6l<;, smcr,;pmcrT] > 15 (:S2500 emcr1:pcoµsvu 1:eµcix,tu 90 g NMVOC/m2 Kmvouptmv U.VOlK'tOJV Kat Wtcr'tOJV 6'tl"jO'IOlC;) (J)00't11'YOOV (ymok 0a.A!l.UlcrKO) (NI, N2, N3) Nfoc; syicmacrtcicrstc;, emcr1:pmcrT] > 15 (>2500 emcrtpmµsva. 1:sµcix,tu 70 g NMVOC/m2 KO.tvouptmv !l.VOllC'tOJV Kat WlO''tOJV E'tl"jITTOlC;) ©oomvrov (ymok 0uAa.uicrKo) (Nl, N2, N3) Y cptcrtciµBVsc; eyKa.tamacrstc;, smcrtpmcrri > 15 ($2500 emcr,;pmµsva. 1:eµcix,tu 120 g NMVOC/m2 KatVOUptOlV UVOlK'tOJV Kat Wtcr'l:OJV (x,mpic; e1:11criroc;) 0ala.u{mco) (Nl, N2, N3) Y <ptcrt6.µevec; e7Ka.wm:6.creic;, emcrtpmcrri > 15 (>2500 emcr,;pmµsva. ,;eµaxto. 90 g NMVOC/m' Ka.tvouptmv uvotKtrov Km w1cr1:rov (x,copic; E'tl"jO'tOl<;) ea.;l.a.uicr1eo) (Nl, N2, N3) Nsec; ey1ea.ta.crtcicre1c;, enicn:pmcrT] > 15 ($2000 emcrtpmµsva teµcix,tu 210 gNMVOC/m2 KUtvOUDlOlV A.60lQ)ODE{rov (M3) smcrimc;) Nsec; 6"fK!l.'tCJ.O''tU06tc;, emcrtpOlcrT] > 15 (>2000 emcrtpmµsva 1:eµcix,to. 150 g NMVOC/m2 Ka.tVOUDlOlV A,6[0(j)006tOlV (M3) emcrimc;) Y cpm1:ciµsvsc; s7Ka.ta.cr1:6.crsic;, smm:pmcrri > 15 ($2000 emcrtpmµtva. 1:sµax,ta 290 g NMVOC/m2 KatVOUPlOlV AEOlWOOEirov (M3) e'CT!criroc) Y cptmciµsvsc; e7Ka.ta.cr1:6.cre1c;, smcrtpmcrri > 15 (>2000 emcrtproµsva. ,;eµaxm 225 g NMVOC/m' Ka.tvouotrov AEIDWOD6tIDV (M3) emcrimc) (a) rm 1e0,mvaAmOT] 010,,:frm $15t B'tT\criroc; (smcr,prom1 autoKivt'\trov), rnx;usi o n[v0,1em; 14 ym to cpiv(prnµa a.m:oKtVl]'tOlV. (P) 01 O"UVOAIK&c; opmKE<; nµsc; BKcppal;ovtm ro;; BK1tBµ1t6µev11 µal;a 0\UAU'tT\ (g) cruvapti\<iEI TOU sµpuoou ti]<; smcpwsmi; ,:ou npoi'.6vtoc; (m2). To sµpuo6v 'tTI<; smcpavsmi; rou 1tpo16vros op(~s,m roi; ,:o sµpu1i6v TIJS Emcp&vsmi; nou unoADy!~stm an6 t1J cruvoAtKI] smcpavBm nou EmXPismt µs 1JABKtpocp6p11ClTJ Km to &µpuo6v ,rov wx6v µspoov nou npocrti0evm1 crn omoox11eti; cpacra1i; TIJS ornpyucrim; smcrtproClTJs Km smxpiovtm µs m !om rtctpucrKw&crµam · snicrtpro011i;. To sµpuoov TI]<; smcpavs1m; nou BmXPIBtm µs 1JABKtpocp6p1101J uno).,oy(l;stm un6 wv wno: (2 X cr\lVOAIK6 p&pm; ,OU 0,µu/;00µ0,1:os) : (µecro naxos 'tTIS AUµap[vui; XnuKV0tl]'tct 'tllS AUµup(vus), 325 IHva.11:a.c;5 Opw:1ctc; i:tµic; yw: i:tc; EK1toµnec; NMVOC 11:01) EKA'IJOV1:Clt a.no 0tEpym:riEc; E1ticri:procr11c; (JE otci<popo1lc; pwµ11xa.vt1m1Jc; i:oµEic; Ifo.payroytm\ umv6't1]'t'U, 't'EX,VtKlj, Ka,:co,:a'tll 't'lJll] OptaKl] Ttµ1\ OptaKl] ,:iµlj ym Ullo X,UplllC't1]plO"t'tK6 KQ't'QVUAC0ff11C, 6tti:X,1l't'EC, EKnoµml.; 6mA'l'i't11 (t/ti;oc;) NMVOC (% Elcrpoljc;; 6tUA'llTI]) Neec; Kcx.t ucpicnaµevec; eyKamcr1:<icre1c;: 5 - 15 100 (n)(~) 25 (p) UAA.El;; emcr1:pmcrmc;, mgC/Nm3 cruµitEpt/1.Qµpavoµsvcov µet«A.A.ou, 1tA.acr1:t1erov, ucpacrµ<i1:cov, ucpavwupytKrov > 15 50/75 (Pl(I)(O) 20 (µ) npoi:6v1:cov, µeµppavrov Kcx.t x;apnou mgC/Nm3 (esmpouµEVr]c; cruvexouc; µem~oturtlm; 1Jwacru<itcov, BMne EKtuncocrn) Nsec; Kcx.t ucptcr1:&.µevec; ey1m-racr1:<icre1c;: 15 - 25 100 l•l mgC/Nm' 25 SUA.t\lT1 ertlcr1:pcomi > 25 so175M mgC/Nm3 20 (a) H optaKit nµft 1uxuE1 ym nc; acpapµoyec; an!crrpro011s Kat ns ornpyacr!B1; crtEyvciJµawc; nou 1tpayµato1totOUVTCll (j6 (j1JV0ftK6S KA.EtcrTOU 1t6ptPuAMJVt0c;. (P) Euv-osv 6tVat ouvat6 va 6mKpawuv (j1JV8T1KES KA6t0",:0ll 1t6p1PWJ,.ovtoc; (KaTUO"K61JTI 1tMJIO)V, 6mcrtprocrri aapocrKacpciJv K.An.), m EyKama-raaEtc; µn~pouv va s~mpounat an6 Til (j1)µµ6pcpro011 11poi; nc; nµec; autec;. :ETI]v 11spimrocrri au~ XP11mµonorn[m1 ,:o 11p6ypaµµa nsptoptcrµou wu 011µslou 6 m:oixsio a), EITT6c; &av 11 apµ6om apxft Kplvs1 6n 11 EitWJyit au~ lisv EtVat -rsx;vuca it otKovoµ1Ka &<ptK~. LTI]V 1rnpbttrocrri au~, o cpopfoc; EKµsTuA.AE1JO'f!S ocps!AE1 va anoli&1KVue1 O"TI]V apµ601a apxft 6n XP11mµo11mshat T\ pe;\,ncrTil foa8emµ11 1sx;v1Kit, · (y) H npooTil nµft tcrX1J&t yta nc; opaaTijplOT!]TES crT&yvooµawc;, T\ liclrnp11 yta ni; ornpyacr!ei; scpapµo'Yiti; &111cr1:pro011c;, (Ii)· Eav, 6crov acpopa O"'tl]V en[crtpro011 ucpavtoupy1Koov itpoi:6v-rrov, XP11a1µono10uvtat rex;vtKES 11ou &m,ps11ouv 61taVaXP11mµo11oi11011 TO)V avaKT1]06V'!O)V li1aA.1JtOlV, 11 optaKit nµft &(vat 150 mgC/Nm3 ym TO cr,:syvroµa Kat 'tllV Eit!cr,:procrri µal;L 12. IIpomtcr1:pcoQT\: Iliva.11:a.c; 6 Opta.11:tc; nµic; yta. EKnoµniic; NMVOC 11:01> EKlfovi:m an:6 0tEpyaaiEc; npoE1timprom1c; Ila.pa.yroy111:ft 111:avo't"lli:a., 't'EXVtKft, (1,A,M) xa.pa.11:'t"llpmn11:o Ka.i:roi:a't"ll nµfi 11:ai:avairoa11c; otaA'll't"ll {t/E't'oc;) > 25 >25 OptUKTj i:tµit (mgC/Nm3) 50 a 50 a Opto:KT) TlJ.1,1) "flU 0ta'.X1l't'8<; EK1tOIJ,7tE<; NMVOC (a) Eav XPl]crtµonotouvtm t&XVIKES 11ou emtps11ouv E1tavaXP11mµo1toi11cr11 wu avaK't1]8evtoi; litaM'tl], 11 optaKli nµft dvm 150 mgC/Nm3. 13. ~1:eyv6 ica0<iptoµa: Iliva.11:ac; 7 Op1a11:tc; i:tµec; yta EK7tOJ.l,1t8<; NMVOC 1t01l EICA'IJOVTm ano owpyaai&c; O'T8"fVO'll Ka.llap{aµa.Toc; Ila.payroytKT) tKav6't"lli;a, i:EXVucii, KaTroi:a.Tq np.1,11 Kai:avaACOaqc; OptaKii T1µ11 a OtaA'IJTI t/ei;o Nae Kat u O 20 NMVOC/k nJ (u) H opmKit nµfi ym 1:1~ (j1JVOA.tKi:~ sKnoµne~ NMVOC u110;\,oyil;a,m ro~ &K1tsµ1t6µsvl] µa~a otaAU~ ava µa~a Ka8ap1crµevou Kai crwyvroµtvou 1tpo16vroi;. 326 14. Ka:i:acrK'.81lt'; n:apacrK'.81Jacrµa1:mv sn:icr,:pmcrric;, pspvtKl(J)V, µst-avtrov K(l,l KOAA'l'J'ClKroV 01JO'troV: Iliva1eac;8 Opta1etc; -n,as<; "(ta &Knoµntc; NMVOC nou &ICA'IJOV't'at am> niv 1ea-.aa1es11-q napaO'K&uaaµo:1:rov &nia1:proa11c;, pepvmu:ov, µ&Aavu:i>v Kat KOM1J't'tK@V 01JO'tc:ov Ilapa-y@"(tKl\ tKIJ.VOTI!'l:4l, '1:&l\'tK11, allo Ka,:ro1:a1:11 Ttfl,tt KllTllVClAO}Cl'1)c; 6taA1l't'tJ (t/fa:oc;) OptaKit TtJl,11 (mgC/Nm3) Nesc;Kmucptcr1:aµevac; 100-1,000 150a Opta1e11 i:1µ.11 rta 61ax,11i:&c; &Knoµntc; NMVOC 8"(Ka'l:acr,:acmc; > 1,000 150 r ( a) Mii:ops[ va icrxucrnt µm 01JVOAtKT] opmKI] nµiJ 5 % E1C1poiJc; omA'lit!] av,;( wu oplou 01J"fK6VtproC1TJc; o:imsplou Ko:t TI]<; optaKij<; nµijc; yta avs~eAEyK'ts<; E1<1toµntc; NMVOC. (P) Mnops( va icrxucrst µm 01JV0AtKT] opto:KTJ nµiJ 3 % EtcrpoiJc; 610:Mt11 o:vn wu op!ou cruyK6VtpWCITJ<; o:no:sp[ou Ko:t TI]<; optalGlc; nµl]<; yta avs~SAE"(Ktsc; &1<1toµnsc; NMVOC. (y) H opto:lGl nµiJ yto: nc; UVS~EAE"(KtE<; EKitoµniic; 06V itsp1:\.aµp11,vs1 O\o:AUTE<; ltOU ltCOAOUVTo:t roe; µepoc; no:po:C1K8\lacrµo:1:0c; crs mppaytcrµ6Vo ooxs(o. 15. EKwn:mmi (cpM~oypmpia, 0apµit O'UV8X,Yjc; 8K't:U71:illCITl offset, onµocrtoypacptK'ii paeuwn:ia. K.An:,): Iliva1eac; 9 Opta1et; -ri,asc; rm &Knoµntc; NMVOC no'O &1CA1'.iov,:m ano owpraai&; &K1:1'.inromt1o IlapayroytKl\ tKavoni-ra, Ka-rro-rani nµ.11 OptaKl\ ,:1µ,11 Optatc11 i:1µ,11 11a T&XVtlC'll, UAAO iapaKT1JptO'Tttc6 tcai:avCIAOllflJc; (mg C/Nm3) 0lCIX,1l'rE<;i 8K1tOJl,1tEc; 6taAv-r11 (t/t,:oc;) NMVOC (% &tO'PO'll<:; 0lUA1lTtl) Ntec; Kat ucptcr1:aµevac; 15-25 100 30 (a) ayKa·m,cr1:acra1c;: 0apµfJ O'UVaxflc; > 25 20 30 (0.) aKwn:mITTJ offset Neec; eyKa.mcn:acreic;: >25 75 10 onuomoypa,cpua'l f3a6uwn:ia Y cpicr,:aµevec; 8"(Ka'l:Clcrt<l0'8tc;: >25 75 15 on µomoypa,cpucn 13a6uwn:ia Neec; Kat ucpunaµevac; 15 -25 100 25 ayKata.cr1:acreic;: paeuwn:ia. yia at-AOuc; crK'.on:ouc;, <pM~oypa.cp{a, >25 100 20 n:epicr1:pocpttj µa,:a,~own:ia, µovaoac; 8~SAUCT'lj\; Kat l3apVtKOOUU't:OC: Nti,c; Ka.t 1J<ptcr1:aµevec; ayKa.tacr1:acra1c;: n:sptcrtpocptKYj >30 100 20 µata.~own:ia crs ucpa.vtoupytKa n:po'i6vta., x.a.Pt6vt (a) Ta unoAEiµµo:1:0: llmA'lit!] <rto: TBA!Ka npot6v.a osv npenst va unowy(~ovto:t roe; µiipoc; i:wv avs~iiAEyKtroV EKnoµmi>v NMVOC. 327 16. Ka:i:acrKEUTJ qiapµaKEUtucrov npo1:6vw.w: Ilivmcm; 10 OptaKi:<; 't'tJW<; yta EKno,mi:<; NMVOC no1l Eitl.fov,:m an6 'f11V KllTll<JKE1l11 <JlllPJWKE1lnKcov npo'i6v-.rov IlapayroytK'll tKllVO'f11Ta, 't'E;(,VtK'll, allo xapaK'f11Pt<J't'tKO Ka-.cfrraTll TtJl,11 Kll't'llVUA,{O<J'fl<; otaiil't'fl (t/i:To<;) > 50 > 50 OptllK'll TtJl,11 (mgC/Nm3) OptaK'll TIJl,11 yw. OtU;('IJ't'E<; EK'll:OJl,11:E<; NMVOC (a) Eav XP11mµo11owuv,;C1.1 tEX,VtKsc; 11ou i;mrpanouv snavaXP11mµo110!11Clll trov avaKt110sv,;rov 61a1'.mcov, 11 optCI.Kr] nµf\ clvCl.l 150 mgC/Nm3• (P) Mnops! VCI. icrxucm µm <rUVOA.lKr] oplCI.Kr] nµf\ 5 % map011,; 6mM111 o.n! WU op!ou cruyKevtprocnic; 0.7t«sp[ou Km 't'TJ<; opmKr]<; r1µf\<; ym o;vsssMyKm; sKnoµns,; NMVOC. (y) Mnopsi vo. 1crxucrm µta cruvo1'.11cf\ opmKr] nµf\ 15 % stcrpof\c; 6m1'.u111 av'ri ·mu op!ou cruyKevrpro<Jll<; ano.sp!ou Kat 111c; opmKr]<; nµf\<; ym avssliA.EYKrE<; &K110µ11a,; NM:V OC. (6) H opmKf\ nµf\ ym n,; o.vsseMyK-rs,; sKnoµnac; 6sv nsp11'.aµp6.vs1 6m1-.ursc; nou nrowuvrat roe; µt\poc; napa<JKsu6.crµm:o,; as mppay1aµevo 6ox,s!o. 17. Matatpo1t11 cpucrtTCou rt cruv0attKou SA,UO"'ttKO'U: Ili.VllKll<; 11 OptaKiic; Ttl,lllc; yta n<; EKnoµni:c; NMVOC nou etlfov-.ai an6 otEpyaaiEc; Jl,E'l'a'l'potjc; (jl1>tJtKou it tJUv0s't'tKou siaaTtKou IlapayroytK'll tKllVO'f11't'a, Ka-rro1:a-r11 -rtµ,ft OptaK'll 't'tf.'11 yta Tll;(,VlK'll, allo KllTllVUA,{O<J'fl<; Optmcft 't'lf.'11 Otcl;('IJTES 8K'll:OJ11tE<; xapaK'f11Pt<JTLKO i)tll,A,'ll'f11 (tli:'l'O<;) (mgC/Nm3) ·NMVOC (% Etaooni:: OtaA,\l't'tJ) Nfo:; Km 1)(ptcrt6.µsvsi; 20 (al(Pl 25 (a)(y) ayKatacrtacra1i;: µstatpom) > 15 cpucrtTCou iJ cruv0attTCou 8/1.(1,CJ'tlKOU ( o.) Mnops! va 1axucrs1 µm cruvo1'.tKr] opmKr] nµf\ 25 % stcrpof\c; lhaMt11 o.ni wu op!ou cruyKevtpro<J11<; o.no.sp!ou Kat tll<; opmKr]<; nµf\,; y1a CI.VBSEMYKrB<; BK1toµ11tc; NMVOC. (P) E6.v XP11mµo1mwuvrm rsx,v1Kac; nou sm1:pt\11ouv s110.vax,p11mµo11oi110"11 ,:ou C1.VC1.Kt118evwc; 6mA.1it11, 11 opmKf\ nµf\ sivm 150 mgC/Nm3. (y) H opmKf\ nµf\ ym nc; avsst\MyK-ra<; EK!toµnt\c; 6sv 11sp11'.o.µp6.vs1 6mMrs,; nou moA.OUVtCl.l roe; µi:poc; 11apacrKsu6.crµo.wc; crs mppaymµt\vo 6ox,s!o. 328 18. Ka.0a.ptcrµ6c; sm<pa.vsiac;: IliNaKac; 12 Optam'ic; 1:1,wc; yta -rt,; &Kn:oµ.nec; NMVOC n:ou etliiovi;at an:6 ouipyacsfuc; Ka0apmµo1J 871:t(jlllV&ia<; IlapwyroytKft Ka-rro,:a1:11 TlJ.l,11 OptaKll TlJ.l,11 OptaKft TtJ.l,1J yia tlCUVO'ft\TU, T&l\'lKll, KllTUVO:AffiO'TI<; (mg svroo"'l<; Nm3) Ollll1JT&<; 8KitOJ!,1tE<; o;Uo xapaK'ft\PtclTtK6 6taAU'ft\ (tie-roe;) NMVOC (% &tCfPO'llC: OtaA1J'tll) Neac; Kat ucptcr-caµavsc;' 1 - 5 20 15 syKamcn:amnc;: Ka0aptcrµ6c; smcpavaiac; >5 20 10 µe -rr1 XP110Tt oucncov nou avacpepov-cm m:o crn ua{o 3 cr1:otx.aio K'Y Neac; Kat ucptcrtaµavsc; 2 - 10 75 \a) 20 \a) 8yK(l1:(l0"1:(J,CTBtc;: (J,AA£c; 75\il) 15 (a) µe0ooot Kci.0aptcrµou > 10 smcpa.vaiac; (a) Ot nµes aun;, lisv wxuouv ym syica1:acmicrs1s 11ou a11olia11C\/llouv OTIJV apµ61im apx11 6n 11 µe<111 11spts1CTIK61:1]1:a cm opyavm:6 litaMTI] 6'A,rov ,:rov XP11mµo11010uµsvrov uAtKrov Krt0aptcrµm\ liEV u11spPaivst ,:o 30 %. 19. El;o:yroy11 (jl1ltlKCOV BAUtOOV Kat ~O)tK01J At7t01l<; Kat opa.crTijpt6Tiji:8c; B~B1Jyavtcrµou (jl1l'ttK01J sAafou: . IlivaKac; 13 OptaKE<; nµec; ym, &Knoµn:ec; NMVOC 71:01) lllCA1JOVTat an6 owpyaO"i&<; el;,ayroy11c; ljl1lTlKffiV EM:drov Km ~rotK01J Ain:ouc; Kat owpyaafuc; el;euyevtaµo1J cpv-rtKou &Amiou IlapayroytK'll Ka-rro-ra'ft\ TtJlit ~'OVOAtK'll optaK'tl Ttjll,'11 (kg/t) mavoTirta, KllTllVO:A(OO't]<; T&X\'tKft, llAAO 6taA1l'ft\ (t/ET01;) lllPllKTI1PWTtK6 Nfo;; K(H > 10 ZootK6 Ainoc;: 1.5 1J<ptcr1:6.µsvsc; Kp6-coov: 3.0 ilyKa:cacr,;6.cratc; k7t0p0t Kpo;µ~Tj<;: 1.0 :En6pot TjAtotponiou: 1.0 :E1t6pot cr6ytac; (KUVOVtKOU 0puµµa-cicrµm:oc;): 0.8 :En:6pot cr6ytac; (ABuKec; vtcp6.oac;): 1.2 AAAot cm6pot Kat <p1lttKec; uAEc;: 3.o<a) 'OABc; Ot oiaotKacriEc; tlacrµ6.1oocrric; 8K't6c; U'/t:OKOµµicocrri,;; (Pl. 1.5 A'lt:OKOUUlffiITT]: 4.0 (a) Ot opmiclis nµes ym ns cruvo'A,tices sic110µ11es NMVOC a116 6"(1Caw,mlicrsu; ercs~epyacrlw; µovcilv /iscrµcilv cr116prov 11 6.M11s <puntj, 1l"-11S icn8opi1;ov,m Krt,li 11sp!mrocrlj n116 1:u; apµ61its, apxss plicrst ,:rov icn),,1\,sprov lim8smµcov 1:sxvo1.oy1rov. (P) H nnoµliicpuv<11j ic6µµ1 n116 ,:o AllOt. 329 20. <I>tviptcrµa ox;riµa:crov: Ilivmcac; 14 . OptaK&<; nµec; yta EK1t0Jt1t&<; NMVOC 1tO'll EKA'IJOVT!ll ano 6tsp"(UO'isc; cpivtplO'Jt!lTO<; ox;-r1µ6:TroV IIapayooytm'i ucavoTll'ta, KaT<oTaTll nµt't OptaKit TtJtit OptaKTt TtJtit "(l!l TEXVtKTt, a:Uo KUTUVO:MOlf11<; (mgC/Nm 3 ) 0taX'llTEt; EK1t0Jt1t&<; xapaKT11PtO'TtK0 6taA1l't'11 (t/t,:oc;) NMVOC (% EtO'po11c; 61a1.,iii:11) Neec; Kat ucpicr1:a:µevec; > 0.5 50 (U) 25 SYKU'CU<J'CO,<JStC (a) H cruµµ6pcprocni npoc; TI<; op,aKe<; TIµei; 11ps11s1 vu a1106s1m&mt µi; µs,pficmi; ,rov µfocov 6pcov av&. 6ma'ITlµam 15 A£1m:ov. 21. Eµnoncrµ6c; ~uA.tvrov emcpavincov: IIivaKai:; 15 OpmK&t; i:iµti:; yia Ttt; mnoµnt; NMVOC nou EKA'6ovi:m ano 6tspyauis; Eµnoi:tuµoii !;iiAtVWV E7tt(jl!lVEtcOV IIapayroytK'l'i 1KaV6TI11:a, TE;(VtKTt, 0:AAO xapUKT11PtUTtKO Nfo; Kat ucpicr1:6.µevsc; 6 K!l'CU<J'C0,08 Kai:co,:aTll Ttµ1'j KUTUVO:AOllf11<; 61aiui:11 (t/&i:oi:;) > 25 ( a) 11EV taXUEt ym 1:0v sµ11oc1aµ6 µs Kpsot;cino. OptaK'l'i TtJl,Tt (mgC/Nm3) 100 «) > OptaKTt i:tJ!-11 yta 6 UlX'llTEi, EKltO Jl,n&<; NMVOC %s1u (~) M11ops( vu tcr;o'.icrst µm cruvo).,itj opmtcft nµri 11 kg lilllAUTI]/m3 671&/;spyucrµsvou l;uwu uvt! 1:0u opiou cruyKsvtprocrrii; anusp(ou Kat TI]<; opmtjc; c1µ11i; ym uvs/;EABYK,s<; EK110µ11ei; NMVOC. B. KavaMc 22. Ot opmKac; nµac; ym 'COV e'/..eyxo 'CO)V cKn:oµncov 1t'C1J'CtKCOV opyavtKCOV EVCO<JEOOV (VOC) an6 veec; crm0epec; nrtrec; nou eµnimouv crnc; aK6Mu0sc; Ka1:1Jyopisc; crm0eprov 7t1Jymv Ka0opit,;ovmt pa.cre~ 1:ow om0emµmv n'.A.rtpocpoptcov ym 'CfJV 1:sxvo11,oyia sMyxou Kat m enfatsfo µsimCll]c;, cruµm,ptAUµpavoµavoov 'CO}V optaKCOV nµcov 7t01J tcrx(>ouv crs 6,11,'/..ec; xcopsc;, Kat 'CO}V aK6A.ou0mv eyypa.cprov: a) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Environmental Code of Practice for the Reduction of Solvent Emissions from Dry Cleaning Facilities. Ll.sKeµj3ptoc; 1992. PN1053· P) CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Process Emissions from New Organic Chemical Operations. LEn:1:eµpp10c; 1993. PNI 108· y) CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for the Measurement and Control of Fugitive VOC Emissions from Equipment Leaks. OK1:coj3p10c; 1993. PNl 106· o) CCME. A Program to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 40 Percent from Adhesives and Sealants. Ma.pnoc; 1994. PN 1116· s) CCME. A Plan to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 20 Percent from Consumer Surface Coatings. Ma.pnoc; 1994. PNl 114· 330 crt) CCME. Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Above ground Storage Tanks. fo6vt0c; 1995. PNl 180· t;) CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for Vapour Recovery during Vehicle Refueling at Service Stations and Other Gasoline Dispersing Facilities. (StageII) AnpO .. toc; 1995. PN1184 · 11) CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for the Reduction of Solvent Emissions from Commercial and Industrial Degreasing Facilities. Iouvioc; 1995. PN1182· 0) CCME. New Source Performance Standards and Guidelines for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Canadian Automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Coating Facilities. Auyoucrwc; 1995. PN1234· t) CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Plastics Processing Industry. lout.to<; 1997. PN1276' Kat m) CCME. National Standards for the Volatile Organic Compound Content of Canadian Commercial/Industrial Surface Coating Products - Automotive Refinishing. Auyoucrwc; 1997. PN1288. r. HvroµBVEC IIo1'.tteiec; me Aµepuajc; 23. Ot opmKec; nµec; yta 'tOV EAEYXO trov EK1toµmbv voe an6 veec; crta0epec; 7tTJYES 7C01l eµnimouv crnc; aK6wu0e<; Ka't'llyopfac; ma0epmv miymv Ka0opit;ovmt crm aK6t.ou0a eyypmpa: a) Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids - 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 60, Subpart K, and Subpart Ka· 13) Storage Vessels for Volatile Organic Liquids -40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Kb· y) Petroleum Refineries - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart J, o) Surface Coating of Metal Furniture-40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart EE· e) Surface Coating for Automobile and Light Duty Trucks - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart MM· crt) Publication Rotogravure Printing- 40 C.F.R. Pait 60, Subpart QQ· t;) Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label Surface Coating Operations - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart RR· 11) Large Appliance, Metal Coil and Beverage Can Surface Coating- 40 C.F.R. Pait 60, Subpart SS, Subpart TT and Subpa1t WW· 0) Bulk Gasoline Terminals - 40 C.F .R. Pait 60, Subpait XX)· t) Rubber Tire Manufacturing - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart BBB)· w.) Polymer Manufacturing - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpmt DDD)' 331 1~) Flexible Vinyl and Urethane Coating and Printing - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart FFF· ty) Petroleum Refinery Equipment Leaks and Wastewater Systems - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart GGG and Subpart QQQ· to) Synthetic Fiber Production - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart HI-IH· IB) Petroleum Dry Cleaners - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart JJJ· ten) Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpait KKK· ti;) SOCMI Equipment Leaks, Air Oxidation Units, Distillation Operations and Reactor Processes - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart W, Subpart III, Subpart NNN and Subpart RRR· tTj) Magnetic Tape Coating - 40 C.F .R. Part 60, Subpart SSS· 18) Industrial Surface Coatings - 40 C.F .R. Patt 60, Subpart TTT· Km K) Polymeric Coatings of Supporting Substrates Facilities - 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart WV. 332 Ilpoao:p'.flllUl I :EXELiIO L\IAXEIPII:Hl: LiIMYTON EIEArQrH 1. l::to 1mp6v n:pocr6:pTI]µa tou n:apaptrJµm:oc; ym ttc; optaKec; ttµec ; tO)V eKJtoµn:mv n:trinKmv opyavuccov evcom;:mv 7tA'f]V ,:01) µe0aviou (NMVOC) an:6 crta0epsc; n:riysc; napexovtat KClteu0uvcretc; yta TI]V ecpapµorft ev6c; crxeoiou oiaxeiptcrric; OtW.1JtCOV. L\tatun:rovovmt Ot apxec; nov npen:et va ecpapµ61;ovtat ( crriµeio 2), napexetat eva nAaimo yia to tcro1;uyto µal;ac; ( crriµe{o 3) Kut 1J7t008lKVU8tat O tp6noc; xpfJcrric; t01J crxaofou yta TI]V asaKpiPmcrri tric; cruµµ6pcpmcrric; ( crriµdo 4). fENIKEE APXEE 2. To crxeoto omxeiptcrric; OlUAU'tCOV esun:ripetai tour; UKOAOu0ouc; O'K07tOUc;: a) esaKpiPmcrri t'f]c; cruµµ6pcpmcrric;, 6nmc; opil;etut crto napapTI]µa, Kat P) · npocro10p1crµ6 µeUovnKcov evaUctKttKcov Aucramv ym TI] µeimcrri ,mv aKn:oµnmv. OPIEM0I 3. Ot aK611.ou001 op1crµoi napexovv eva 1tMicrt0 yta t'f]V eKn6vricrri mo1;uyiou µ6.1;ac;: a) Etcrpoec; opyavtKcov otaAu,cov: I 1. H n:ocr6't'f]tct opyavtKcov 8tctAutcov cra Kct0apfJ µopcpt] ri opyavtKmv omAutcov nou napwxovtett cre ayopa1;6µevct nctpacrKeuacrµcttct nou XPricrtµonoteltat me; etcrpof] crTI] otepyacr{ct evt6c; TI]c; XPOVttjc; nept6oou yta t'f]V onoia 1J1tOADyi1;etett to tcrol;uyio µal;ac;. 12. H nocr6't'f]ta opyavtKcov 8taAu1:cov cre Ka0apfJ µopcpfJ f] opyctvtKcov otctAutrov nou 1t8pl8%0Vtett cre ayopa/;6µeva 1tClp!lO'KellUO"µatct 1t01J ClVClKtUtett Kett 87t!lVClXP1'lcrtµo7tOtettett me; etcrpof] 8mAu1:cov O"'t'fl otepyacria. (Ot avaKUKA,())µevm otaAu1:ec; cruvun0Myil;ovm1 Ka0e cpopa 7t01J XP'f]crtµonotouvtett yta TI] oteKnepaimcrri 't'f]c; opacr't'f]pi6t'f]tClc;.) P) EKpoec; opyavtKCOV OlClAUtcov: 01. EKnoµnec; NMVOC cre Kaµwaeptct. 02. Ot ancoABm; opyavtKCOV otaAutrov mo vep6, MµPavoµevt]c; u1t61j1'f], Kma nepin1:mcrri, TI]\; eitasepyacriac; tmv Auµatoov Kata 'tOV 1J7tOAOytcrµ6 'tt]c; nocr6TI]mc; 05. 03. H nocr6TIJ't<l opyavuccov 8taAutcov nou napaµevat crtct npo"i6vm TI]c; otepyacriac; un6 µopcpf] 7tpocrµeisemv T] 1J7tOABtµµatoov. 04. Ot µ'fj oecrµeu6µevec; 8K7toµnec; opyavtKCOV OtCY.A'\J'tCOV O"'tOV a,µocrcpatptKO aepa. l::uµm:piMµpavetm O yevuc6c; esaeptcrµ6i; tmv xmpoov, Kata TOY onoio eABu0aprovatat aepac; crto 8~0)tepuc6 naptPaAAOV µforo napa0uprov, 0upcov, m:payroyrov Kett oµostocov avmyµatrov. 05. Ot (J,7t(.0Aetec; opyavtKWV OlUA1Jt())V f]/Kett opyavtKOOV evrocrerov 7t01J ocpeiAOVtm O"e XtjµtKec; Tl cpucrtKec; avttopacretc; (6nou cruµneptMµpavovtat, Myou xapw, Ol 7t00"0'ttj't8c; 11:01) Katctcrtpecpovtctt, n.x. µe Kaucrri T] a.11.Aec; taXVlKEc; ene~epyacriac; aepirov Tj uyprov anop1i,fi1:rov, iJ oecrµauovtctt, n.x. µe npocrp6cpricrri, ecp6crov oev unoAoy[1;ovtat cmc; nocr6TI]tec; 06, 07 f] 08). 333 06. Ot opyavtKo{ 81ctM1:ec; 1tov 1tsp1sxovtm crm (j'\)AA£y6µsva. a.1t6!31c11ta.. 07. 01 opya.v1Koi 8mM1:ec;, fJ 01 a.mo{ nou nspisxonm crs na.pa.CTKsvucrµa.m nov 1tOOAO'UV'l:C1l T\ 1tpoopil;ovm1 va, 1t00ArJSOUV ooc; 1tpoi:6v sµ1top1Kf\<; a.sia.c;. 08. Ot opya.vucoi 81ct1cu1:ec; nov 1tsp1sx,ovm1 crs na.pa.CTKsuucrµam Km a.va.Ktmvtm yw. va. 81t(J,V<X,x,prJcrtµo1to111Souv' 6x1 6µooc; ooc; Etcrposc; CT't'f\ owpyacria., scp6crov OEV 'U1tOAOyi1;ovtm CT'trJV 7tOCT01:rJ,:CX, 1t0'\J opil;s1:m (j'tQ 07. 09. 01 opya.vtKoi 8mMtsc; nov sAEvSspmvovtm µs UAAO~c; tp6nouc;. O1'.llir!EE XPID:ill: TOY !:XEL'iIOY Li!AXEIPIEID: 6.IM YTQN f!A THN EEAKPIBQEH Till: EYMM0P<l>.Ql:fil · 4. H XPT\CTlJ 'l:OU crxsoiou omxsiptCT'f\c; Ota.A'UtC\lV asaptU'tC1l C17t0 'tlJ (j'\)YKEKptµsvri (J,7t<X,t1:rJCT'f\, 1:rJ<; onoia.c; T\ KUA'U'!'T\ 1tp6Krn:m va, ESC1Kptl300Ss~ ooc; ssf\c;: a.) ssa.Kpif3mCT'f\ -iric; cruµµ6pcpoocrric; 7tpoc; tJ.S ll1tC1ltftcrsi.s 1:0'1) 1tpoypuµµll1:oc; 1tsptop1crµou JtO'\J itEptypucpstm (j'tQ CT'f\µdo 6 cr1:01xsio a,) 1:0'\) 1ta.pa.p-i;ftµa.1:0c;, T\ opta.Kf\ nµft CT'\JVOAtKC\lV SK1toµ1tmv EKcppul;smt me; EK1toµnsc; OlctA'UtC\lV a.va. µovaoa, 1tpot6v1:0c; ft 6nooc; a,A,A,[l)<; a.va.cpepsmt cr1:0 1tapup1:rJµa· i) y1a, 6AEc; tJ.S 8pa.crtrJpt61:rJtsc; crnc; onoisc; yivamt XPT\CT'f\ 1:ric; svaUaKnKf\c; 8wa.1:6trimc; 1rov a.vmpepamt cr1:0 CT'f\µsio 6 cr1:01x,aio a) tov na.pa.p,:ftµa.m:;, 1:0 crxsoto 81a.xdptCT'f\<; OlC1A'UtC\lV 7tp67tet Vil ti8stm crs icrxu KUSE XPOVO yw, 1:0V npocr8toptcrµ6 1:11c; ,ca,,:avuAooCT'f\c;. H Ka.mvUA[l)CT'f\ µnopsi Vil '\J1to1coy1crtd a.1t6 'trJV SStCTOOCT'f\: C=Il-08 IlapuUritca, npfost rniCT'f\c; Vil 1tpocr8topil;stm T\ 1tsptSK1:tK6t11m toov E1ttXPtc:1µutmv crs crtspsa. (j'l)Q"t<X,'CtKU, C\lCTtE VC1 cruvuyovtm Ot 81:TJCTIB<; SK1t0µ1tsc:; a.vacpopuc; Kill ot BK1toµ1tec; • crt6x,ot KUSE xpovo· ii) ym 1:rJV 8Ktiµ11CT'f\ 1:rJ<; 'l:T\PT\CT'f\S optmcmv nµmv CTUVOAtKC\lV EK1toµ1tmv 7t0U SK<ppal;ovmt ooc; SK1toµ1tsc; Ota.A'\J'tC\lV avu µovaoa npoi:6vtoc; ft 6nooc; (lA,A,[l}c; ava.cpspsmt crto 1ta.pup1:rJµC1, to crxsoto omxsiptCT'f\c; Ol<X,A'\JtC\lV 1tpE1t8l va ti8a1m crs 1crx,u KuSa x,p6vo ym tov npocr810p1crµ6 toov EK1toµ1tmv NMV0C. 01 EK1t0µ1tsc; NMV0C µnopouv va, 'U7tOAOytcrtouv a.1t6 trJV ssicroocrri: E=F+Ol 6nou F sivm 01 a.vsssA£yKtsc; E1C1toµnsc; 6nooc; opil;ovtm crto cr,;01xsio 13) crriµsio i) Kutoo0t. H nµf\ 7t0'U 7tp01CU7ttel Sa, 1tp81t8l 1Ca.t6mv va, 8tmpah:m om 1:11c; 1CC1tUAA'f\AT\<; napa.µetpO'U. ym to SK!lcrtota npoi:6v· 13) 1tpocr81op1crµ6c; 1:oov avaseA£yKtoov sKnoµnmv NMV0C yta 1ta.pa.l301cf] npoc; ttc; nµsc; C1VESBAEY1C'l:OOV S1C1toµ1tmv to'\J 7tllpaptftµatoc;: i) µsSoooAOyia: Ot a.VSSEAE"{Ktsc; SK1toµnsc; NMV0C µ1topouv va, 'U1tOAOytcrtouv ll7t0 1:rJV EStCTOOCT'f\: F=Il-01-05-06-07-08 11 F=02+03+04+09 334 H 1tOCiO'CT]'Cct ct1l't11 µnopai ya, 1tpcicrotoptcr'C8t µa amm0eim; µa-cp11CJT\ 'CCOY 1t00"0't11'CCOY ~. 8YC1,A,Af1,K'CtKU, µs UMO -cp61to, napaoeiyµaw,;; x,upri µs ~UCJT\ 'C'fjY a,n600CJT\ 'C'fl<; owpyacriac; coc; itpoc; 'C'fj OfoµEUCJT\ 'CCOY EKitoµmoY. H nµiJ ctYE/;EAEYK'CCOY EK1toµmoY EK<ppa~E'Cat CO<; EKO.toO"'Ctaia a,ya,A,Oy{a, 1:00Y Etcrpooov, Ot onoie,;; µnopouy ya, unoAoytcr-couY an6 'C'fJY el;icrcoOT\: I=Il+I2 ii) Ci1lX,VO'tl']tct: ot ctY8/;EAEYK'C8<; 8Kitoµna,;; NMVOC µnopouy ya, 1l1tOAOytcrtO'UY µs µta cruY1:oµri ctMU itA11P1l cretpu µe-cpiJcrsrov. 0 npocr6topmµ6c; am6c; osv x,petu~s-cm ya, snaYaAri<p0ei µax,pt ya, -cpononotri0s{ o sl;oitAtcrµ6c;. 335 Ilpoaap:ru am II IIPOrF AMMA IlEPIOPU::.MOY r eVlK6c; apx,sc; 1. LKon6c; 'toll npoyp<iµµatoc; nsptoptcrµou s{vm vu orocm O"CO cpopfo eKµst<iMBllOTj\; 'tr] OUVa.1:0'trj'W. VU e'ltl'C'UX,el µs 6,'JJ..,a, µec;a, µBt(J)OTj 'CO)V EK1toµ1troV KU'C(l 7tOCTOCT'CO tcroouvaµo µe eKeivo noll ea emwyx,av6tuv µe -criv scpapµoyfJ to)V optuKrov nµrov e1Cnoµ7t11c;. rm 1:0 CTKon6 all1:6, o cpopfoc; e1Cµe-ca.11,w011c; µnope{ va x,p11criµonoie{ onotooitno-ce crucr1:11µa µdro011c;, crx,eoiacrµivo etotKti ym 'tr]V ey1Ca1:6.cr1:acriJ toll, apKe{ vu emwyx,6.ve1:m crto tsAOc; tcroouvuµri µairocrri 'CO)V E1C1toµnrov. Ta µspri llnopa.AAOllV EK0acreic; crx,ettK<i µE 'tr]V 1tp6000 7t0ll 011µmrovetat npoc; 'tr]V eniteu~11 {cr11c; µs{rocr11c; tO)V eKnoµnrov, EK0etoV'tac; Kat 'tr]V ns{pa an6 1:riv ecpapµoyfJ 1:ou npoyp<iµµatoc; neptoptcrµm'.i. IIpaKttKft ecpapµoyfJ 2. IlpoKstµivoll yid. 'tr]V scpapµoyit smx,ptcrµa.1:rov, pspVtlClroV, cruyKoAAljttKrov oucrtrov ~ µe11,avrov, µnopsi vu x,p11criµonotehm to aK6AOll0o np6ypaµµa. fate; nspm1:rocrs1c; 61toll 11 aK6Aoll0lJ µeeoooc; Kpivsmt anp6crcpop11, 11 upµ6om upxfl µnopd va sm1:pel\'Bt crmv <popea sKµsttiAAZllQT\t; va scpapµ6crst onmooitno1:s svaAAaKttK6 np6ypaµµa anUAAayiJc;, ym w ono{o BX,et 7t8tcr0s{ 61:t U1COAOU0s{ ttc; apx,ec; nou CTKtaypa<pOUV'tat 800), L'CTJV KU'tapttcrr] 'COU npoyp<iµµatoc; Aaµp<ivovtut ll7tOl\'lJ tu U1COAOll0U osooµBVa: a) 61:av tu npoi'.6vtu llrc0Katticrtu011c; µs x,aµ11"-it it µ11osvtKft nspteKttK6'tr]tu crs OtuA.'U'CBc; pp{crKOVtat a1C6µ11 crto crtaoto -cric; av6,nru~11c;, 7tp87tet vu o{ostm CHO <popfa sKµsttiAABllQT\c; nap6.m011 x,p6voll ym rqv ecpapµoyit tou npoyptiµµm:oc; neptoptcrµou trov e1C7tO µ1troV '/tOU llX,et KUtapt{crst• P) 1:0 crriµdo ava<pop<ic; ytu 'trJ µs{ro011 1:rov BKno µnrov ea npercst vu avncrtotx,s{ .6cro 'CO OUVU'COV 1teptcrcr61:spo crttc; 81C1toµnec; 1t0ll ea 1tp081CU1t'tUV s<iv OeV Aaµpav6tuv KUVBVU µe1:po m,ptoptcrµou. 3. To UKOAoueo ip6ypaµµa nsptoptcrµou e<papµ6satat cr1:tc; syKatucr1:6.cratc; yta ttc; onofac; µnopd vu otm:unro0ei 11 ll1t60e011 61:t 1:0 npoi:6v ex,st crmeapit nspteK'Ct1C61:11tu crs cr1:spe6., 11 on:oia XPlJcrtµonoieitm Ka1:61ttv yta tov Ka0optcrµ6 toll 011µe{ou avacpoptic; yta 't1"] µdro011 1:ow s1cnoµnrov: a) 0 cpopfoc; eKµst<iAABllOTjc; lln:oPiiMBt crx,eoto 7teptoptcrµou 'COOV e1C7t:Oµn:rov, to onoio 7t8ptAaµpiivst etOtK6tspa µstrocretc; 'CllS µe011c; 7tepteK'Cl1CO'C'fl'CU\; 'CO)V 0'1JVOAtKroV mcrporov CJE OlUA.'U'Cec;, it/Km U'U~T\011 'tr]\; an6oocr11c; 'tile; XPitCTTJc; 0'1:Epsrov, rocrts ot 0'1JVOAU(ll\; EK1toµnic; 1:11c; EYKU'CC1CT'CUCTTJ<; vu µstro0ouv µsx,pt BVU OEooµivo nocrocn6 'COOV s~cnrov e1C1t0µ1trov ava<popiic;, KUAOUµsvo ((61C1toµnsc;-cri:6x,ot» .. H µsirocrri Ull~ 7tp87tEl vu 87tl'C8llX,08t µs 'CO U1COAOU0o x,povootaypaµµa: 1----------=:.::=..:.::.:.=-;;:..:.:::=.::..:..u::=----------l Meyta1:ec; Ent1:pen6µsvsc; c; X 1.5 P) Ot etitcrtec; eKnoµnsc; avacpopfo; ll7tOADYisovtm roe; e~itc;: 336 i) rcpocrlitopiss1:m TJ OlJVOA.tlCT) µasa crwpsmv O"'!:T)V rcocr6'!:T)m entXPicrµatoc; fy1<m µeMv11c;, ~spvuctou ~ OllYKOMT\1:llCT]c; u1c11c; ?toU KC/,1:C/,VUA.O)Ve'Cat O"'!:T) OlctpKBta sv6c; thouc;. nc; cr,:spsa voouvmt QA,(/, m UA.tKU 1:COV smxpicrµa,:cov, µe;\,avmv, ~epVtKlffiV KC/,l cruyKoA.A.111:lKffiV UA.ffiV 7COU c;,:epeOTCOlO'UV'!:C/,l 01:C/,V esa1:µ1cr,:d 1:0 vsp6 ~ Ol 'lt'!:T)'!:lKBc; opyavtKec; evmcrstc;· ii) Ol S'TTjcrtsc; 8KTCOµrcec; avacpopac; U7COA.Oy{sovmt µs 7COA.A.a7CA.acrtacrµ6 1:T)c; µasac; 7COU rcpocrotopissmt cruµcpcova µs to cr1:01xsio a) ere{ KU'CUA.AT\A.O OlJV'!:SA.Bcr'TTJ, 7COU A.aµ~avsmt U7CO toV UKOA.OU00 '/ttVUKU. Ot apµ6otec; apxec; OUVUVml VU UVU7tpOcrapµ6souv WU<; OlJVteA.Scnsc; '!:OU 7C1VUKU U'Uto'U 7CpOKSlµBVO'U VU 1c11cp0ouv U'/tO'l'T\ '!:BKµ11p1coµevec; aus~crstc; 1:T)c; arc6oocrric; 1:T)c; XP~ClT\c; cr,:spec:ov. Ba0uwrcia· cpA.Bsoypacp{a, ESBA.UCJT\ coc; µspoc; opctcr'!:T)ptO'!:T\,:ac; 8KTIJ7CCOCJT\S' 8KTil7CC0ClT\' ~EpVtKooµa CO<; µspoc; opU0-1:TJplO'!:T)'!:C/,<; 6KTIJ7tillCJT\c;· ETCtcrtpCOClT\ suA.Ou· smcr,:poocretc; ucpani:mpytKOOV rcpoi'.6v1:cov, Ercicr1:pCOCJT\ ym 1:p6cptµa· src{cr,:proO'TJ cr1:TJV a :Euvi:sA.SCl'Tftc; no1,,A.anAUCl'tUCl').w1J yw, cri:o cri:ot sio 4 3 2.33 1.5 iii) Ot eKrcoµnec; (j'!:OXOl l0'01JV'CUl µe TI<; 8'TTjO'tEc; EKTCOµrcs<; avmpopac;, rcoA.A.fl1CA.Ucnas6µsvsc; en{ eva rcocroo"to iao µe 1:riv: (nµ~ UVSSBMYK'!:COV eK1toµ1tOOV + 15) ym n,; SYKU'tUO'tUO"Bl<; O'toU<; mc6A.ou0ouc; toµsic;: " snicr1:procr11 ox11µ6.1:cov (KU1:UVUA.COO'TJ OtUA.'U'!:T) <15 t/awc;) Kat cptviptcrµa ox1iµa1:cov, " snim;proCJT\ µs,aA.A.ou, rc1cacrn1<ou, ucpav,oupyucou · npoi:6vtoc;, ucp6.crµa,:rn;, ,atviac; Km xapttoU (KatavaA.illClT\ otaA.U'!:T) µetasu 5 KC/,l 15 t/swc;), " enicrtpCOO'TJ SUA.lVCOV emcpavstc:ov ( KU'!:C/,VUACOCTT\ OlUA.'U'tT\ µsmsu I 5 Kat 25 t/a1:0c;), • (,:tµTj UV8SBA.!lyKtCOV 6K1t0µ1tC:OV +5) ym oA.Sc; n,; 'U7CO/,,,Ot1C6<; eyKU'!:C/,0',UO"Sl<;· iv) sxst smtsux0Ei 01Jµµ6pcpOOO'TJ 6tav 11 npayµm:1tj 8K1toµ~ OlUA.U'tOOV, 6nroc; npocroiopisstat arc6 ta crxsom 01axsip1.cr11c; OlUA.UtC:OV, 08V um,p~aivst nc; EKTCOµns,;-crtOXOU<;, 337 IlAP APTHMA VIl XPONIKE:I: KAIMAKO:I:En:: l:YMCllONA ME TO AP0PO 3 1. Ot xpovtKsc; tltµaK<n<rntc; ym 'TT\V EcpapµoyiJ 1:ow optaKrov nµrov nou avacpepovmt crnc; itapayp6:cpouc; 2 Kat 3 wu 6:p0pou 3, Etvat: a) yta VBec; O"'ta0Ep8c; 7t11yE<;, eva, ewe; [lB'tO: 'TT!V Y\µepOµ'flVLO, evap~'fl<; lCT;(UO<; 'COU nq,p6vmc; nprowK6AA.Ou ym 1:0 eV 'Mym µspoc;, Kat P) rm uno:pxoucrsc; cr1:a0Epec; n11rec;: i) npoKEtµevou itEpi µspouc; nou oEv Eivat x,ropa 1:11c; onoiac; ii mKovoµia OIBPXE'tat µEmpanK6 cr1:6:oto, eva ewe; µE'ta. 'TT\V T]µEpoµ11via evap~T]c; icrxuoc; wu nap6vwc; npmwKoAA,OU it 11 31 T] llEKEµpptou 2007, 6noto EK 1:mv ouo cruµpEi apy61:spa, Kat ii) 1tpOKEtµevou 7tcpi ~u\pouc; 1t01) ei.va.t x,ropa 't'fl<; ono{9,c; 11 OtKovoµia oIBpX,E'tat µEmpa'ttKO cr,:a.oto, OK'CCO 81:lj µE'CO: 1:TJV evap~T] tcrxuoc; WU n:ap6v-mc; npmwKOAA,OU, 2. Ot x,povucac; tltµaK<ncrEtc; yta 'TT\V Ecpapµoyit 'COJV OptCllCffiV nµrov yta Kaumµa Kat V8B<; KtvrJ-cEc; 7t11ysc; n:ou avacpspovmt CT'TT\V nap6:ypacpo 5 wu a.p0pou 3, Kat -cmv opmKoov nµcov yta 1:0 aEpIBAnto nou ava<pepovmt crwv mvaKa 2 -cou napap,:iJµawc;"IV, sivm: i) 7tpOKBtµevou nspi µspouc; nou OeV ei.vm xropa 'TT\<; onoia'c; T] otKOVoµia OtEpXB'l:at µsmpa'ttKO CT'CO:Oto, T] T]µBpoµT]Vta evap~ljc; tcr;(UO<; WU n:ap6vto1; npmwK611,11,ou it 01 11µspoµ11viec; nou crxE1:it;ovm1 µs 1:a µe1:pa nou opit;ov1:at O"'CO nap6:p'TT\µa VIII KUt µE nc; optaKE<; nµec; 1tOU opit;ovmt CT'WV n{vaKa 2 wu napap,:iJµa-coc; IV, 6n:oto EK -cow ouo quµpd apy61:Epa, Kat ii) 1tpOKEtµEVOU 7tEpt µapouc; 7tOU ElVat xropa, 'C'fl<; 07tO{ac; T] otKOVOµia OIBpX,E'Cat µEmpa'ttKO cmioto, 7t8V1:E 8'Clj µe-ca 'TT\V evap~T] tcr;(Uoc; WU nap6v1:oc; nprowK611,11,ou, it nev1:E B'tlJ µe1:a. -cu; 11µspoµ11viec; nou crx,Ei:it;ovmt µs 1:a µe1:pa nou opit;ovmt crw nap6:p1:lJµa VIII Kat µE nc; optaKac; nµac; nou opit;ovmt cr1:ov n{vaKa 2 wu napap,:iJµa-coc; IV, 61toto EK 1:mv ouo cruµpei apy6-cspa. H eV 'Myro x,povttj lCAtµa.KmO"'fl oeV tcr;(UEt ym µBpT] 1:ou nap6vwc; npmwK6AAou, scp6crov m eV 'Mym µap11 un6KEtVmt crs µtKp61:epT] x,povttj KAtµaKOJO"'fl 6crov acpop6: crw aspIBAato, cruricprova µs w npro1:6Ko11,11,o ym nepat1:epro µsiroO"'fl 1:rov s1C1toµnrov 0sfou. 3. rm -couc; mconouc; 1:ou nap6vwc; napap,:iJµawc;, roe; «x,ropa i:11c; onoiac; Tl otKovoµia otapx,si:m µei:apai:tK6 cri:a.oto»VOel'Cat 'CO µepoc; 7tOU µat;i' µE -co ayypacpo KUpm<JT]c;, an:oooxflc;, eyKptO"'fl<; iJ npocrx,oopT]O"'fl<; oiJ11,rocrE 6n em0uµei va avnµei:ronit;emt roe; x,ropa -c11c; onoiai; 11 oucovoµia oIBpXE'CUt µEmpa1:1K6 cr1:a.oio ym wuc; crKonouc; 1:rov O"'flµBirov 1 ithcat 2 -cou n:ap6v-coc; napap,:it µawe;. 338 IlAP APTHMA VIlI OPIAKE:E TIME!: rIA KA Y:EIMA KAI NEEI: KINHTEI: IlHrE:E EILArnrH 1. H BVO'tTJ'tU A tcrx(m ytu µepri mc1:6c; 'tQ1) Kuvuoa Kut 'tCOV I-Ivroµevcov TioA.t't6lCOV 'tTjc; Aµspttjc;, TJ 8V61:TJ'tU B "(ta 'tOV Kuvuoa Ka.t TJ 8V6'tTJ'tU f ytu 'ttc; Hvroµevsc; IloAt'tBIBc; 1:ric; Aµspttjc;. 2. To na.pcip'tTjµU 11:8ptA,Uµp6.vst optUKac; nµac; yta svcocratc; NOx, 11:01) BK<ppat;ovmt O)(; tcroouva.µa. otol;atoiou 1:01) ut;cowu (N02), Ka.t yta uopoyov6.v0paKac;, ot naptcrcrO't8pot 8K ,:cov ono{rov a{vut 'Tt'tTJ'tlKBc; opyuvtKac; svcocratc;, Ka0coc; Kut 7t8ptPaAAOV'ttKll np6runa yta Ka.ucrtµu 'tQ1) sµnopiou yta ox,i1µam. 3. Ot xpovtKec; tltµaKcocrau; yia. 'tTJV scpupµo'Yll 1:rov optuKcov nµcov wu nup6vwc; nupa.p'CTjµa.wc; a.vacpepovtui cno nap6.p'tTJµa. VII. A. MeQU 8Kt6c; 't01) Kuvaoa Kut 'tO)V Hvmµevrov II01ct't8tCOV m<; AµsptKU<; EI11BA1Hf A A YTOKINHTA KAI EAA<!JPA EMIIOPIKA OXHMA TA 4. Ot opta.Ksc; 1:tµi\c; yta ,:a ox11µa,:a, µa 1ClVTJ1:11PU, µa 'tOUA.UXtcr'WV ,:focrsptc; ,:poxouc;, 't(), onoiu XPTJcrtµon:ot0uv1:m yta 'tTJ µam<popa smpai:cov (Ku1:riyopiu M) Ka.t sµnopsuµ&,,:cov (Ku1:riyopiu N), nupa.1:i0sv1:m mov niva1ea 1. BAPEA EMTIOPIKA OXHMATA 5. Ot opta.Ksc; 1:tµec; yta 'WUc; KtVTJ'tllPilc; pupecov sµnoptKCOV ox11µ6.1:rov naputi0BV1:at O''tOUc; n{vaKsc; 2 Kat 3, ava1coyu µs i:tc; scpa.pµocr,:esc; 8t<iOtKacrisc; OOKtµcov. MOTO:EIKAETE:E KAI MOTOITOMIAA TA 6. Ot optaKE<; nµec; yta 1:tc; µo,:ocrtillwc; Kat ,:a µ01:011:0011/1,{l,:(l oioovi:ut CT'tOV 7ttVUKCl 6 Kat 'WV n{va.KU 7. MH O8IKA OXHMA TA KAI MHXANHMA TA 7. Ot opta1eac; i:tµac; "(tCl ,:a aypoi:tKO'Uc; Kat focrtlCOUc; 8A.KIJCT't11PB<; Kat i:ouc; aUouc; KLVTJTIJpBc; µri oot1ecov omµ6.1:rov/µrixa.vriµ6.trov 1ta.pa.1:i8sv1:m crtouc; nivuKsc; 4 Kut 5. Ot nµec; iwu avttcr'tOtXOUV CT'tO cr,6.oto I (mvaKac; 4) pacrit;ov,:m CT'WV KUVOVtcrµ6 96 'tTJc; OtKovoµua'Jc; Em,:po7t11c; yta 'tTJV Eupco7t11 yta 1:tc; «evta{sc; 6tat6.l;stc; crxsnK6. µs 'tTJY E"(KplCTTJ KlVTJTIJPOlV ava.cpkl;11c; µa cruµniscrri 1t01) 't011:008tO'\JV'tat crs uypoi:tKOU<; Kat oucrtKOU<; 8A,1Cl)O"'tllPBc; 0"8 crxecrri µs ttc; 81C7t0 µnae; punrov an:6 'tOV KlVTJ1:iJpa», IlOIOTHTA KA TIIMOY 8. Ot 7t8ptpaUovttKac; npo&ta.ypucpac; 1tot61:TJ1:Uc; yta 'tTJ psvt;ivri Kat 'tO 7t8tpSAUt0 KtVTJCTTJ<; (v.:111;sA) n:apa1:i0BVmt crwuc; nivu1esc; 8 aroc; 11. I::! i 'R 0 •I::! ~ Q. c:, !i !.\l ·~ ;a A I: :a ~ ! f: i,: I,() •9 e:,•-~ .. Jj,l:l c3 0 •I::! Q. • ~ !.\l I::! ... ... ~ .-i I::! U' ... i!i ... a> ,i;j lP > !;! ~ ... I,() ~ el J 8 :g ,i::; 0 J:l ... 6 ,t:j :,.. g 5 .. l:j ~ i,: ~.i ...,,.., ~ .!;; .. ~ es 5 I:! ... t:! ~ U' 'l .. ... U' '"' :g I:! .. Q. 0 3, II '!: z 1-.;; J M ....1 ...,, f;j i:i:i ..: OJ ,.,, 1J '!: z ;::;- r ~ ~ f;j ,ti ...: OJ ...,, I~ '!: z ::-1: t-l ~ f;j ,:a \O\ON\0000\\0 tntnt'--OOMMM"'d' OdOddOOO I I I 1 I 001.t100ll")tnMO\ lf1"1~t'---;C"JC"-}c-r'!r'1 00000000 tntnoo-00000 ~ '"""!-: C"'-! 9 9 ';--: 00000000 ' ' ' "q°~Otn001""1~ \0\0000\tnlt')\Ot OddOdddO 339 340 . Iliv1m:ai:; 2 Optai.ti; i-tJ.u'ii; yia papfo s,mopimi ox,11,-wi-a - Aoi.tJ.u'ii; ESC (E1>pco11:aii.6i; i.ilitl,oi; 6oi.1µrov 11s IJ't'a8spti; 1J1Jv8t\i.si:;) Kat ELR (E1>pro11:a'iict\ ooKt!Jt\ a11:61cptO'T(<; ~opi-ioll) E~ap!JOY'IJ Movol;doto Y6poyovav8paicsi:; Ol;siota i-o1> :Ero,-wi-(oia Kamta . ano(a) 't'01l a,v(lpaKa (g/kWh) U~OO't'01) (g/k.Wh) (m-1) (,vkWh) (!!/kWh) A 1.10.2001 2.1 0.66 5.0 0.10 I 0.13 lP) 0.8 Bl 1.10.2006 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 0.5 B2 1.10.2009 1.5 0.46 2.0 0.02 0.5 (a) Ms ICJXU ait6 tic; 11µapoµ11vlec; nou avmpepovm1, Km e/;lllpouµBVrov ox,riµchrov Kill !CtVlj.tl]prov nou npoopH;ovtlll ym sl;ayrorft ere x,ropEc; nou liBV s!vlll µlipl] wu nap6vtoc; nprotoK61c'.,\.ou 1ea8roc; Kill !CtVl]titprov nou rnno8stoiivtm crs ev x,pitcrm ox,i}µa'ta me; avt1Ka'tarrta0'1] 1:rov KlVl]titprov tour;, ta µep11 anayop6llouv tl]V EKlioO'l] alimac; Kll!CA.Ocpoplac;, tl]V nro:l.110'1], tl]V KllKA.ocpopla it TI] XPitO'll verov ox,11µatrov µe KIVl]titpa av6.cpA.B/;l]c; µs O'llµniEO'l] it KlVl]ti}pa aep!ou Kill tl]V 7tCJJA.l]O'l] Kill x,pitO'l] vtrov KtVl]ti}prov av6.cpA.B/;l]c; µs O'llµ1tls0'1] it K1V1]ti}prov asp!ou, suv 01 61C1toµntc; rnuc; liev BVapµov!1;ovtlll µs nc; avt(mmx,sr; op1aKlir; nµer;. 6ro6e1ea µitvEc; np1v an6 nc; npoavacpep0E{crec; 11µepoµ11viec;, elvm 6uvm6 va µ11v x,op11yeitm ByKptO'l] 't6nou ox,itµm:oc; suv llev '1poiiVtlll 01 optaKec; nµec;. (P) na KIVT]ti}psc; µs 6y1eo cruproO'l]c; 1eutro trov O, 75 dm avu Kii:l.ivlipo Kill crtpocpec; ovoµacrtt~c; mx,iioc; uvro trov 3000 ava A.Bnt6. A (2000) Bl (2005) B2 (2008) Il{vai.ai; 3 Optmcsc; 't'tJ.u'ii:; yta papfo 8!J71:0pt1Ca Ol(,1Jp.ia't'U - 6.0Ktµt\ ETC (E1>pco11:a'iK6<; Kilitl,oc; 6oKtµrov crs µsw.pai-ucti; 1J1JV8t\i.si;) (al Movol;si610 Yopoyovav Ol;siotai-ou a~roi-01> E~apµoyt\ 't'01l 0pUK8<; 71:A,'llV Ms8av10<1l Nitrogen ano<P> av8paKa µs0aviou (g/kWh) oxides (g/kWh) (g/k.Wh) (!!/kWh) 1.10.2001 · 5.45 0.78 1.6 5.0 1.10.2006 4.0 0.55 1.1 3.5 1.10.2009 4.0 0.55 1.1 2.0 I:ro,-wi-i61a<5> 0,16 / 0.21\E) 0.03 · 0.03 (a) Ot opm sl;a1ep{Pro0'1lc; tT]c; ano6sl;1µ0,11tac; trov 1loK1µrov ETC yta tT] µstpT]O'l] trov E1C1toµnrov trov !CtVTJtftprov nou x,pT]mµonmoiiv uepm, ere crx,sO'f] µs nr; npoP:I.S1t6µsvec; crtl] cr&1pa A op1aKec; nµec;, S1tavsl;et6.l;ovtm Kat, scp6crov 1eplvetm avaYKu!o, tponon01ouvm1 cruµcprova µs 111 6mll11eacr{a nou npopMnetm crto up0po 13 tl]c; 0611ylac; 70/156/EOK. (P) Me 1crx,u a1t6 tic; 11µepoµ11viec; nou avacpeponm, 1em sl;mpouµevrov ox,riµ6.trov Km K1V1]'ti}prov 1tou npoopil;oVtlll y1a el;ayroyi} ere x,ropec; 1tou llBV e!vm µepT] wu nap6vwc; nproto1e6A.A.Ou 1ea0roc; Kai KIVTJtitprov nou to1to0etoliv-m1 crE BV x,pitcrm ox,i}µaw me; avt1KatumaO'f] 'trov KIVTJtitprov tour;, ta µepTJ anayopsuouv tl]V eK6ocr11 Mmm; !CllKA.ocpop!ac;, tl]V nro:l.1]0'!], 111v KllKA.ocpop!a it TI] x,pitO'fJ verov omµ6.trov µe KIVl]titpa avacpA-B/;T]<; µs O'llµniEO'l] it KtVIJtitpa aepiou Kill tl]V nro:l.110'1] Kat x,pftcr11 verov Ktvritftprov av6.cpA.B/;l]c; µs O'llµniscrri it KIVT]ti}prov aeplou, suv m sK1toµ1tec; wuc; llBV svapµovil;ovm1 µs nc; avticrtmx,sc; op1aKe<; tiµec;. 6rolls1eu µitvsc; npiv a1t6 tic; npoavucpsp0s!crsc; riµspoµ11vlsc;, sivm lluvm6 vu µ11 x,op11ysltm ey1ep10'1] runou ox,itµatoc;, s6.v llev tl]poiivtlll 01 opmKec; nµec;. (y) fill K\Vl']TT}pEc; <pllCIIKOU llEpiou µ6vo, (ll) 6BV ecpapµ61;etm crs K1Vl]titp61; nou x,p11cr1µonmouv uapto crto crtullto A Km crw crt6.61a BI 1em B2. (s) na K\Vl']ti}psc; µs 6yKo cr6.pro0'1]c; Ka.tro trov 0,75 dm3 av6. Kii:l.1v6po Km crtpocpec; ovoµacrtt~c; 1crx,uoc; 6.vro ,rov 3000 uv6. :I.E1t16. 341 IIivamxc;4 Opto:KE<; -nJWc; (maoto I) ym Ktv1rr11pEc; vTI\~E"- yia p:q olimo: K1v11-ro: P,1\X,UVt\µo:i-a (61alimaofa JW't'P1llf1\<; ISO 8178) KaGap'I\ E<papµoyt\ Movo!;Eilito Ylipoyovo:vGpo:KEC, 0!;EiOtU't'01J I:roµai-ilita fo:x,'ll<; (P) mto(n) i-ou avGpmca (/kWh) o;~roi-ou (g/kWh) (kW) (l!fkWh) (l!fkWh) 130 <P < 560 31.12.1998 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.54 75<P<l30 31.12.1998 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.70 37 <P <75 31.03.1998 6.5 1.3 9.2 0.85 (a) Ms mx;u arr6 tl<; 11µapoµ11vfa<; rrou avmplipovm1, 1em sl;mpouµavrov µ11xUV!\µu,rov 1em KlV!\tftprov rrou rrpoopil;ovm1 yta el;ayroyfi cm xropE<; rrou 6EV e!vm µep11 wu rrap6vto<; rrprow1e6Uou, m µep11 e1t1tperrouv 'll\V mc6o<TT\ u6E1ac; 1C1J1CAOCj>oplac;, 6rrou alvm sqmcr6, Krt1 'll\ liiu0E<TT\ m:o Eµn6p10 verov K!Vl\tftprov, torro0E,11µavrov fi µ11 oe µ11xavftµam, µ6vo Eq,6oov t11pouv nc; optaKec; nµec; rrou avaCj>epovtm 01:ov rr(va1ea. Elvm ouva,6 vu µ11 xop71yEhm EyKpl<TIJ ym BVUV wrro fi µia OlKOYBV6l(l lC!Vl\tf\prov arr6 ni; 30 Iouvfou 1998, EUV 06V ,11pouv,m Ol op1a1CE<; nµe<;, 1:71µs{ro<TT\: 01 op1aKec; amt<; nµs<; rtCj>opouv µEtpficrn1c; rrou y(vovm1 arrw0sia<; cn:11v el;ooo wu KlV!\tfipa, rrpw arr6 i11v ey1ea,ucrra071 (J1)cnftµmoc; µEtarrel;Epyacrlac; trov rrpoi6vtrov 'll\<; El;u,µ1071,;. II{vo;Kac,5 Opto:Kll<; nJWc; (ai-aliw II) yta IHVl tPE<; VTI\~EA'Yta P.11 olitKIJ. 1,1v11i-o: µ11x,avt\1J,UTU (litalitKaaia JW't'P1\lf1\<; ISO 8178) Ka0ap1\ E<papµoyt\ Movo!;siliw YopoyovavGpatrn<; O!;siota i-ou I:.roµai:iota foX,'ll<; (P) mto(a) i-ou avGpmw. (g/kWh) a~cll,;ou (g/kWh) (kW) (f!lkWh) (l!fkWh) 130 <P < 560 31.12.2001 3.5 LO 6.0 0.2 75 <P < 130 31.12.2002 5.0 1.0 6,0 0.3 37<P<75 31.12.2003 5.0 1.3 7.0 0.4 18<P<37 31.12.2000 5.5 1.3 8.0 0.8 (a) Ms 10;:u arro n<; T)µEpoµ11v(E<; nou avaCj>Epovm1, 1em El;mpouµEVrov µ71xav71µ0:trov 1em KlVll'll\PffiV rrou rrpoopll;ovtm ym al;o:yroyft OE xcopac; rrou oEV Elvm µep11 iou rrap6vtoc; rrprotoK6Uou, ia µsp11 smtpsrrouv 111v e1eoo<TT\ u6Em<; 1C1J1CAOCj>Opia<;, 6rrou 6lvm a<ptt<t6, Km ,71 01u8E<TIJ ow Eµn6p10 verov KlV!\tftprov, ,orro0Etl\µavrov ft µ71 oE µT)Xrtvftµm:a, µ6vo auv t71pouv t!<; op1a1Cs<; ttµe<; rrou <lV<l(j)BpOvtat cn:ov mvaica, Eivm ouvat6 Va µ11 JGOPIWE!t(ll EyKplOlj yia evav rirro ft µlo: m1eoyavEta Ktv71tftprov oco6BKa µftvE<; 1tp1v o:rr6 t71v 11poavaq,Ep0aicm 11µapoµ71v(a, Euv OEV r11pouvm1 oi opm1eec; nµec;. IIivo:Kai; 6 Opto:KE<; nJWc; yia jll,01:00-tKAETE<;, -rpiKuKAU Kat 't'E"t'paKUKAa (> 50 cm3· > 45 km/h) sqiapµ,oo--rtEc; o.no i:tc; 17 Iouviou 1999 (a) T1Jnoc:: KivnTIJoa OotaKEc; Tt11tc; LiiXPOVO<; CO= 8 g/km HC =4 g/km NOx = 0.1 g/km Tstp&.x,povo~ CO= 13 g/km HC=3 g/km NOx= 0.3 g/km (a) 6EV xop11yciw1 fy1ep1011 rinou arr6 r11v avaq,ap6µEVl\ 11µapoµ11via Km rnma, a6.v m arnoµrrtc; wu oxftµmoc; 66V tl\POUV tl<; opmKS<; 1:1µs<;. :E11µa(ro01j: na tpi\C\J\CA(l Kal tEtpUIC\JICAU, 01 opta!CI:<; nµsc; 1l0At,.(l1lA0:010.l;ovtm Em 1,5' 342 Iliva«:m; 7 OptaKE<;j TlJ!Z<; 'YUi Jl,OTOltOO'll/s«Ta (::S 50 cm 3 • < 45 km/h) E(f)apµoy11 ano a 17.6.1999 II 17.6.2002 (a) D.&V xopnrehlll fyicp1011 'l1J1tou m16 ,11v avaqrnp6µe1111 11µspoµ11vla Kill 61tS1,a, euv 01 eKJtoµns,; wu ox~µaw,; O&V 1:11pouy 1:1,; opmKS<; nµs,;. (0) na ,piKUKAa Kill ,e,pctKUKAll, 01 opmKE<; 1:1µtc; 1totJ..a1tMJ.cnul;ovm1 B1tl 2. (y) rm 1:p{KUda Kill wtpctK1JK1ca, 01 opmKec; 1:1µii,; 1tolli1t1cacnut;ovm1 en{ 3,5 g/km. Iliva«:a<; 8 IlEptf}all.ovnKa npo-r1Jna yux Kai>o-t,m T01l EJ111:Qpfo1l npor; ;.:p11m1 O'E o;.:11pa-ra. E~07tAtO'JIEVU. JlE 1ClVlfT1]pa Entf}a.llopEV'lj<;j U.VIXljlAE~'IJ<; D11m 1•i Ll.mnu{ Ilapa.µei;po(,; Mova.lia· EJ..axw,:o Mt,yun;o Mt6olioc; 11'1 Hf!Epoµtjvla EKliOcnt~ Ao16u6c 01crav[rov speuvac; (RON) 95 - EN 25164 1993 Ao16u6c 01crav[rov 1e1vnmoa fMON) 85 - EN 25163 1993 Illscrri m:µciJv (µs6ooo, Reid), 6BptV~ mmioooc<r) kPa - 60 EN12 1993 A11:6cr1:a1';n: Ec.6.1:umn cr,:ouc 100°C %v/v 46 - EN-ISO 3405 1988 Ec6:m1crn moue I 50°C %v/v 75 Ava.Aucrn uooovovav6oa1erov: OA.E(f)[VBC %v/v - 18.0 °' ASTMD1319 1995 aoroum:ucfa; evciJcreic - 42 ASTMD1319 1995 B6V(6;\,to - 1 project EN I 2177 1995 IleptElC't\lCO'tll'm crs o1';uy6vo %m/m . 2.7 EN 1601 1996 Oc;uyovou1.Ec; &Vrocre1c;: ME6av6A11, 1tpi:1tst va 11:pocrtie&V,fll % v/v - 3 EN 1601 1996 cr-m6EPQ11:otnTBC At6av6A11, dvm itt0av6 vu %v/v . 5 EN 1601 1996 a1tat1:ouv,:m cr·m6eoon:omrfa; tcron;po1tU1'.11efJ a1'.1eo61'.n %v/v . 10 EN 1601 1996 TETPUBouru1'.ucn UAKOOA.T) %v/v - 7 EN 1601 1996 • 1cr0Bouru1'.t1CJ1 a1'.1eo61'.11 ¾v/v . 10 EN 1601 1996 m6spm; µE 5 ~ 1rnpmcr61:Epa a.rnµa %v/v, . .JS EN1601 1996 av0pa1ea ava UOPlO .ti.A.A.Ee; OC.U'YOVOU')! Ec; &VOlcrElC.:: 1' 1 %v/v - 10 EN 1601 1996 Ilepm1en1e6r11,a crE 0eio mg/kg - 150 Project EN-ISO/ 1996 DIS 14596 (a) 01 nµtc; nou avmpspov,;m avmiiipm civm «1tpayµm1Ksc; nµtc;». E-rov Ka0optcrµ6 imv opmKrov nµmv wu, ecpapµ6cri11Kav 01 6po1 wu ISO 4259 npo16v,;a. im,pe1ca!ou - Ka0op1crµ6c; Km ecpapµoyi1 oelloµsvmv aKptpeia,; cre crXECIT\ µe n,; µe06oou,; ooKtµ~,;, evm criov Ka0opicrµ6 eM.x1cri11, ttµ~c; A~cp0J1KE un61J111 µia eM.x1cri11 omcpopu 2R uvro rnu µnoev6c; (R=ompyam11pmKlj 81lava1cnrc1:1K6t11,a). Ta anots1cfoµaw eJttµtpou,; µetp/jcremv epµ11vwov,m p11cre1 tmv Kpltl"]p{mv TOU ISO 4259 (eKo6011Ke w 1995). (P) EN - eupmna1K6 np6=o· ASTM - Aµep1Kav1Kfi e-rmpeia ooKtµrov u1c1Kmv· DIS - crxi:010 orn0vouc; nporunou. 343 (y) H Ospwii neplolioc; apxCl;Et w apyowpo tljV I 11 Maiou Kai te1ce1cove1 w vcophspo m:u; 30 :Eem:eµppiou. fla ta Kpatlj µEA.rt nou pp(01<ovtat cnov apKttKo 1(1)KM 11 9eptvfi nsp!o6oc; apx(l;Et w apy6tspo -c11v I 11 Iouv(ou Kat t6A.Etcovs1 w vcopi'tspo cn1c; 31 Auyoum:ou Km 111t!s<l'l1 a-cµcov Reid nsp1op(l;atat ,rn 70 kPa. (6) TTA.ljV t11c; aitA.iic; aµoA.uP611c; PEVl;(Vljc; (s).,6:x1moc; ap18µ6c; OKtav!cov KIV11'tl1Pa (MON) 81 Kat sMx1m:oc; ap19µ6c; oKtav(cov i:peuvac; (RON) 91), yta tljV ono(a 11µ{;y1m111tep1sKttK6tljta cre o1ceq,(vsc; e(vat 21% v/v. Ta ev Myro opia oEV sµnoo!l;ouv 't11 616:0t<l'l1 m:11v ayop6: EV6c; Kp6:wuc; µEA.Ouc; aµ6).,uP611c; pevi;iv11c; · 6:Uou moou µs µ1Kp6'tepo ap19µ6 oKtav(cov ano wv avixq,ep6µevo mo nap6v. ( e) J\llec; µoVOClA.K061cec; µe .tBA.IKO <l'l1µsio a1t6crta~11c; 7t0U liEV 6\Vat U'!'ljMtepo 'tOU tEA.lKOU <l'l1µe!ou a1t6cn;a~11c; nou KaOopil;stat crta eOv11c6: np6wna ii, crttc; nepm-ccocrEt<; nou oEV uq,!crtavi:a1 e9vtK6: np6w1ta, ma p10µ11xaV1Kci 1tp6wna yw. Kaucnµa KLVll'tllPCOV. :E11µs{co<l'l1: Ta µi:p11 6iacrq>aA.!l;ouv 6n, to apy6tepo µEXP! tljV I 11 Iavouaplou 2000, 11 pevi;!v11 li1mC0etat O'tljV ayop6: tll<; smKpateiac; touc;, ·µovo eq,6crov 1tAljpo! ia nsp1paUovnK6: 1tp6nma tou ntvaKa 8. E6:v i:va µi:poc; Kplvs1 ott 11 anay6peu0'11 PEVl;!Vljc;, µe nep1EK'tlK6t11ta cre 9e!o nou oEV ,11pel ta avt!m:mxa 1tp6ru1ta wu ntvaKa 8, a'/J,,6: oEV uneppa!vEt -c11v ,p{;xoucra 1tep1EKt1K6t11ta, ea npoKaA.Oucra <l'l1µavttKec; 6ucrxspEtec; y1a tic; p10µ11xav!ac; tou, 6crov aq,opa crnc; anapa!t11tm; µemtpo1ti:c; m:1c; napaycoytKE<; touc; µov6:lim; µsXPI tljV l 11 lavouaplou 2000, 6uvatm va sneK'te(vEt tljV nep!olio li16:9sO'l1c; evt6c; tljc; SltlKpats{ac; wu µ/:XP1 tljV I 11 Iavouaplou 2003 w apyotepo. :Et11v 1tsplntco0'1j «ut,j, to sv Myco µi:poc; 61suKptv(l;s1, crs liii1'coO'l1 nou KatatlOstm µal;( µs to {;yypaq,o 1(1)PC00'11<;, anoooxiic;, {;yKpt0'1jc; ii npocrxrop11cr11c;, 6t1 1tpot18sm1 va napate!vEt tljV npoavaq,ep9e(cra nepiolio Kat u1toP6:A"-Et eyyp6:q,roc; wuc; Myouc; mo EK'tEM<TTtKO 6pyavo. IlivaKm; 9 Ilsptl}all,ov,:iKa np6,:una yia Kavcrtpa -rou s,mopfou nou XfJ1l<fl1lW1to10vv,:ai crs oxiJµa,:a el;on:A.t<ff.1£Va µs KlV11't"IJPE<; avaljlA.E/;Tti; µs 61)Jl,7ttECfll Tuno<;: ns1:ps11,at0 KLVT]CTT}<; (vn't~s1v) IIap«flE'tpoc; Movcxoa '01na (aJ ll.OKtJlti Emxu:r'to Miyicri:o Mi0olioc; (Pl Hµ&pOfltJVlU &KOOlfllc;; L'!.£l1Ctllt: K&,av(ou 51 - EN-ISO 5165 1992 IluKV6m,a o-muc; l 5°C kg/m' - 845 EN-ISO3675 1995 :Enµelo anoo"mcnc: 95% oc - 360 EN-ISO 3405 1988 Aproµm:uwf 'ltO/\.UKUK/\.IKO! %m/m - II IP 391 1995 u6oovov6.v8omCEc; Ilep1sKnK6Titta crs Oslo mg/kg - 350 Project EN-ISO/ 1996 DIS!4596 (a) 01 nµi\c; nou avaq,/;povtat avrotepco EtVat «itpayµanKe<; nµti;». :Ewv Ka8optcrµ6 ,rov opmiccov nµcov wui; sq,apµo<TTl]Kav ot opot tou ISO 4259 npotovta ns,ps1'aiou • KCl9optcrµ6i; Kat eq,apµo'Yii oslioµi:vrov aKp1pe(ac; cre crxtmi µs nc; µs966oui; 60K1µiic;, EVCO crwv 1ca8op10"µ6 eMx1m11i; ,1µiic; ).,iiq,91JKE ))7t0'1'11 µia sMx1m:11 6iaq,opa 2R 6:vro wu µ11/ievoc; (R = ornpyn(JtljptaKfi snava1'111tt1ico,11m). Ta ano,sUcrµam smµepoui; µetpiicrsrov spµ11vsuovtm p6:cret ,mv Kp1t11p(cov wu ISO 4259 (R1C608111es 'to 1995). (P) EN - supro1tatK6 np6rono· IP • tvO"tltoU,o 1ts,pe).,alou• DIS - crxi:610 orn9voui; npo,imou. :E11µElroO'l1: Ta µep11 oiacrq,aA.!l;ouv 6n, w apy6,spo µ/:XPi njv l 11 lavouapiou 2000, w nstpe1'aw Klv!Jcr!J<; (v,~t;sA.) otat!8emt ITTl]V ayop6: t11<; smKpat&!ac; wui;, µova eq,6crov n1'11po! ta nep1paUovnic6: np6wna wu mvaKa 9. E6:v {;va µtpoi; icptvet ott 11 mmy6peucni wu nstps1'a(ou ic!v11mti; (vtiit;sA.}, µe nsptEKttK6,11,a crs 9s(o nou OEV 111ps( ta av,!crto1xa np6wna wu mvaKa 9, a"-"'6: oev um:ppa(ve1 ,11v tpi\xoucra nep1s1rnico,1Jta, 9a npoKaAOucre 0'1jµavttKB<; oucrxepEt&<; yia ni; p10µ11xav!ei; wu, 6crov aq,op6: O"tl<; anapaiT11,sc; µs,cx,ponec; cm<; napaycoytici:c; wuc; µov6:osi; µi:XPt ,11v I 11 Iavouapiou 2000, 6uvam1 va EltEKtcivst 'l'llV irnptolio li16:0ecrrii; evt6c; tlj<; smicpa,s!ac; wu µeXPt ,11v II] Iavouapiou 2003 to apy6ispo. :EtljV 7t6p(m:fil0'1j am:ii, TO EV Myco µepoi; OlEUKplvit;et, 0'6 6iiAIDO'l1 7t0U Katati9&tal r1at;( llE TO {;yypaq,o K\)p@ITT]<;, anoooxiic;, /;ytcpt0'1j<; ii npocrxrop110'l1<;, on npot!9etm va 1tapmdve1 ,!JV npoavaq,ep9s!cra nspio6o Kat unopaUe1 syyp6:q,coi; wuc; Myouc; m:o EKt&A&O"t1K6 6pyavo. 344 m:vamir; 10 IlBptfJallov-rtK6: np6i-1Jna yw 1ca'l'iO'tpi.a 't'01l Bft71:opio1l 1i:o1J XP1JO'tpronow-6v-.m 0'8 oxfipi.a1:a fIB KtV1J't'ijpa emfJall.6JIBV11c; avliq>Ml/;,1]c; Ilapaµe,:po; Movaoa 'Opta(Q) Am.tun EMxul'w Mfyun:o Ms8oorn; wi HµEpOft'l}Vllt tKllo1111c Aot8u6c oKi:avkov i\peuvac 95 EN 25164 1993 Aot8u6c DKTavirov KlVTITilDO: 85 EN 5163 1993 IT!B<Jl] a,:µrov (µs8o6oc; kPa Reid), 8epivn nspio6oc; A116crwl;,11: El;,1hµ1cr11 crwuc; 100°C %v/v - ·E~ai:uu:in m:ouc; 150°C - Av/i,A.ucrr1 u6poyovav8p/i,Krov: oA.sq>ivsc; %v/v apcoµaTtKB<; BVffiClEt<; %v/v - 35 ASTMD1319 1995 Bev,6;>..10 %v/v flEpIBKnKOTl]Ta crs ol;,uy6vo % m/m I1Ep16KT!K61:1]TCl, <JS Oe(o mg/kg - 50 project EN-ISO/DIS 1996 14596 (a) Ot nµec; nou avaq,epovm1 mo np6t1mo civm «npayµanKec; nµec;». faov Ka0optcrµ6 ,cov oplllK@v 1:1µmv TOuc; eq,11pµ6crtl]KC1.V m 6po1 wu ISO 4259 npot6via ne,peA.alou • Ka0optcrµ6c; Kat sq,apµoyri oeooµevrov a1<p1pcim; cre crxecrri µe nc; µs06oouc; 001Ctµi\c;, &Vro mov 1caOoplClµ6 EA.aXLITTI]<; nµi\c; A.i\<pOJ]KE u1t61j/1] µIll eMx1mri 01a<pop<i 2R <ivro ,:ou µ1]0&116<; (R = litepyamTJplllKi\ enaVllA.1]itnK6t1]tll).Ta 11notsA.i:crµam emµi:pouc; µstpi\<rnrov epµTJVEllovtm pacre1 1:rov Kp!Tijp(rov TOU ISO 4259 (EKli601]K6 TO 1995). (P) EN - eupronatK6 np6m110· ASTM - Aµep1K11V1Ki\ stmpE!a lloK1µrov Km uA.1Kmv· DIS - crxeom 01sOvouc; itpownou. . :E11µelroCITj: Ta µepri OlllCl<pllA.lsouv 61:1, TO apy6tepo ftEXPI Tl]V I Ti lavouap{ou 2005, Ti Pevs(vri Olllti06'tlll ITTTJV 11yop<i ti]<; E1t1Kpa,E!ac; ,:ouc;, µ6vo iiq,6crov 7tA.l]pO( w 7t6ptpa1cA.OVtlK!l itp6tu7tll TOU 1tlVCI.Kll 1 o. E<iv BVll µepoc; KptVEI 6n T\ anay6pBUC11] P&11s(v11c;, µs 7t6pt6KnKOtTj'tll cre Os{o 7tOU 06V tTjpS{ 'tll avdmo1xa np6tuitll WU n!VllKll IO, llA.A.6. evapµov!~stm µe autsc; TOU 7tlVllKCl, 8,0a 7tpDKllA.OUClS ClljftCXVt\KB<; OUCJX6pB16<; 'Ylll nc; pmµ11xaviec; tOU, 6crov mpopa (ltl(; anapah11-rec; µstmporrec; cn:1c; n11payroy1Kec; wuc; µovaoec; µ/:;wt tl]V 1 T\ fovouaplou 2005, ouvmm v11 rneKtcivs1 tljv rceplolio lita0sCl1]c; evt6c; tric; 67t!Kpa,ciac; TOu µi:;w1 ,riv I Ti lavouaplou 2007 ,o apy61:epo. :En1v rrepl7ttroCllj au,q, 1:0 ev Myco µepoc; O\BUKptvlsm, crs lli\A.ffiCITJ rcou KllTatWstm µ11,( µe TO syypa<po KUp@Uljc;, orcoooxqc;, fylCplUl]<; I] rcpOCJXffiP11Cll]c;, 6,1 npot!Oemt vo rrapmcivEt -r11v npoavaq,sp0s!cro itep{ooo Km uxoP<i1c1cm syypa<proc; TOuc; Myouc; mo eKtsA.scrn1C6 6pyavo. 345 Ilivmcac;U Ileptf}aAlovnK«i np6wna yia KU'llCl'tJW, -rov eµnopfov nov XP1lCl'tp.onot01JVTat ae ox11,w,-ra el;o1tA.tCl'Jliva J.tE lctVTji;1\pec; llVU<f>"-El;Ttc; J.tE Cl"OJl,7tlECJTt T1Jn:oc;: nei:pt1mo KtVTJC!T]S (vt-f1~e1-,) Ilapaµe-rpoc; Movalia 'Opta \•J AoK1µ1'j EMXUJ't'O Mtyun:o MtOolim;WJ Hµepoµ11v{a EKliOffllC lis{,cmc: KB-rav{ou IlUKVOTil'I:(), CJTOUC: l5°C Kg/m3 . EN 5163 1993 l:nµs!o o:n:6cr-ro:1:nc: 95% oc Aproµo:TIKO{ TCOA.'lJKUKA,UCO{ %m/m u/ipoyovavOoa1<sc: IlBDIBK'tlKOTI1Ta crs 0sto mg/kg - 50 project EN-ISO/D1S14596 1996 (o:) 01 nµac; nou o:vmpliponm cn:o npowno E!vm «1tpayµo:,11<sc; nµac;». I:wv 1<0:8op10µ0 trov op10:Krov t1µrov wuc; sq,apµ6o't11Kav 01 6po1 wu ISO 4259 1tpo16vm :rcstps1a!ou • Ka0op1crµ6c; Km sq,o:pµoyiJ 6e6oµavrov m,p1peio:c; oe oxe011 µs nc; µs066ouc; 60K1µi'\c;, svro cn:ov Ko:Bopwµ6 EAO.Xt<1'tll<; nµiJc; 1iJq,0111<:s u:rc61J111 µm sM.x1m11 oiaq,opn 2R avro wu µ116sv6c; (R = 61BpyaO'tllplllKTJ snava111m:11<:6tnm), Ta a:rcoteAfoµam emµspouc; µetpiJoemv epµnv&0ov,m Pn<ret i:rov KPl'tllp{rov wu ISO 4259 ( eK660111<:s -ro 1995), (Pl EN • supomo:'iK6 :rcp6w:rco· DIS - oxeo10 61B8v01\c; :rcpownou. I:nµelcoon: To: µlipn 6moq,aAll;ouv 6n, w apy6tspo µi\XPI t11v In Iavouo:plou 2005, -ro :rcsi:pe1mo tiv11onc; (v,:iJl;eA) 6mti0sm1 O'tllV ayopn 'tll<; smKpatslac; ,ouc;, µ6vo sq,6oov :rc1npol m :rcsp1pa;>,,ADVT1Kll np6wna wu :rc(vmm 11. Env ava µspoc; 1<:p(vs1 6n n o:no:y6p&UOTj wu netpsAUiou 1<:[v11onc; (vtiJl;s1), µe 1tsp1BKt11<:6,nm os 0slo :rcou osv tnpsl m o:vtloi:01xa :rcp6ru:rca wu mvo:Ko: 11, at-.NJ. svapµov!l;Etm µs ami\c; -mu mvo:Ko: 9, 0a :rcpoKaAOucrs 011µ0:vn1<:i\c; 6ucrxsp1:tsc; y10: tic; p1oµnxo:vlsc; wu, 6oov o:q,opn crnc; o::rcapa!tntsc; µsmi:po:rcsc; crnc; :rco:po:yOl)'lKB<; -rouc; µov6.6sc; µ€.XPI 'tllV 111 Iavouapiou 2005, ouvai:m Vil 67tEKtetVEI 'tllV 7tEpio6o lh6.0EOTj<; evt6c; 'tll<; EmKpo:,:s(o:c; WU µi\xp1 'tllV I 11 lavouap!ou 2007 'tO apy6tepo. Et11v :rcepbt1:ro011 au,:iJ, -ro ev Myro µapoc; 61su1<:p1v!l;e1, oe 6iJ1m011 :rcou Kamt!Betm µal;! µe to ayypaq,o KUpcoonc;, o::rcoooxiJc;, ay1<:p1011c; iJ npocrxrop11011c;, 6n :rcpot!BE'tm vu :rcapme!v1:t t11V npoo:vaq,ep0e!oa :rcepiooo Km unopnw1 syypnq,coc; -rouc; Myouc; oi:o EKtEAE<TttK6 6pyo:vo·. B. Kavaoac; 9. Ilp6wn:a yia nc; eKn:oµnec; Katvoupu.ov omµ6:tmv yia e1acppa eµnoptKa oxflµam, s1acppa. cpop'TT\ya, f3apfo eµnoptKa oxflµaw., KtVTJ'tT]pec; f3apemv oxriµatmv Kat ofacutla: N6µoc; yia 1:l]V acrcpaA.eta ·i:cov oxriµ&:tmv µe KtVTJ'tTJpa (Motor Vehicle Safety Act) (Km enaK6A.Ou0ri voµo0ecria), 1mp«ipt11µa V 1:0)V Kavovtcrµrov yta 'TT\V ampaA.eta tmV omµatmV µe KtVTj'tljpa: e1<11:0µ1tec; oxriµa,i;rov (Ilp6runo 1100), SOR/97-376, (28 IouA.iou, 1997), (Schedule V of the Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations: Vehicle Emissions (Standard 1100), SOR/97-3 76) 611:mc; tpon:011:ot1't9T]Kav Kata Katpouc;. 10. KavaotK6c; v6µ°'; yia 1:l]V npocrmcria wu nepipu1A.ovi:oc; (Canadian Environmental Protection Act), Kavovmµoi yia w nei:ps1ato KLVf\ClT]S V'tT]1;e1, SOR/97-110 (4 <l>ef3pouapiou 1997, 0eio crw n:r;tpe1mo KtVTJC!T]S V'tT]1;e1) (Diesel Fuel Regulations, SOR/97-110), 611:mc; tpon:on:ot1't9T]Kav Kata Katpouc;. 11. KavaotK6c; v6µoc; yta TTJV npocri:acrla wu neptf3a.1MJvi:oc; (Canadian Environmental Protection Act), Kavovmµoi yta ,:o pev1;6A.to O''tl] f3ev1;iVTJ, SOR/97-493 (6 Noeµf3piou, 1997) (Benzene in Gasoline Regulations, SOR/97-493), 6n:mc; tponon:otiJ0TJKav Kata Katpouc;. 12. Kavaouc6c; v6µoc; yia 'TT\V npocrtacria tou neptPu11ovwc; (Canadian Environmental Protection Act), Kavovmµoi yta ,:0 0eio O''TT\ f3evsiVTJ, Kavaottj ecpriµepioa Tr]<; 1cupepvf]cremc;, µtpoc; 346 II, Iouvtoc;; 4, 1999 (Sulphur in Gasoline Regulations, Canada Gazette, PartII), 6moc; 'tpOitOltOtTJ0rtKaV KO,'ttl, Katpouc;;. r. Hvroµevec I1oAt'tBIBC 't1]£ AµeptlQl<; 13. EcpapµoyiJ ii:poypaµµa,wc;; eMyx,ou eKitoµmliv a-n:6 KtvrJtec; 1t11rec; yta elacppa aµnoptKti oxiJµa,i;a,, aAa.cppa cpop'trtya, ~a,pfo q>OP'tT!Y<i Kat Kafoiµa, cnov ~a,0µ6 ii:ou a.nmwimt an6 i;u ; ii:apa,ypacpouc;; 202 crwtx,aia a), g) Kat ti) ,;ou v6µou ym wv Ka0ap6 aepa (Clean Air Act), 6:n:roc; acpapµ6~emt µforo i;rov: a,) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F .R.) Part80, Subpart D - Reformulated Gasoline· ~) 40 C.F .R. Part 86, Subpart A - General Provisions for Emission Regulations· y) 40 C.F.R. Part 80, section 80.29 - Controls and Prohibitions on Diesel Fuel Quality. 347 IIAP APTHMA IX METP A rIA TON EAErxo TON EKIIOMIION AMMONIA~ AIIO ArPOTIKE~ IIHrE:E 1. Ta, µEpTJ 7t01l 1)1tOKEtvtat cr-ctc; 1l1tOXPECOO'Etc; 'tOU crwtxeiou a,) 'tljc; na,pa,ypa<pou 8 'tOU up0pou 3, A.(/,µpavouv -ca, µs-cpa, nou a,va<pspov-cm crw na,p6v nap<ip'tljµa. 2. Ku0e µspoc; A.(/,µpuvet cropa,pa, 'U7t01j!l] 'tTJV a,vayl<Tj µeio:>G'llc; 'tO)V a,nmAEtCOV a,n:6 'tOV 1tAlJPT\ lCl)KA,0 'tOU a/;CO'tOU, . A. :EuµBouA.EU'ttKOC KCOOtKac op0i)C; yempyucnc; npaK'tt19]C 3. Ev-c6c; ev6c; swuc; a,n6 'tTJV TjµepoµTjvia, sva,p~TJc; tcrx,6oc; wu na,p6v1:0<; npm1:0K61,,t,,0u yta liva, µspoc;, w EV Mym µspoc; Ka'ta,ptil;Et, 6Tjµocrte6Et Kat otavsµst cruµpouAEU'ttKO KCOOtKa op01Jc; ysmpyttjc; npaKttKl]c; yia, -cov EAEYXO -cmv EKnoµncov a,µµmviac;. 0 KrootKac; AflµpavEt un61J111 nc; stlitKsc; cruv0iJKsc;; cr'tTjv smKpa.-csta -cou µspouc;; Kat nspMµpa.vEt 6ia1:u~stc; yia: 'tTj ow.xEiptcrTj 'tOU a,t;cowu, A.(/,µpuvov-ca,c; U7tOIJIT\ 'COV 7tlvlJPTJ KUKAO 'COU a,t;cowu, 'Ctc; cr,:pa,'tTjytKE<; otm:po<pfJc; 't'OU t;rotKOU KE<pa,1,,a,{ou, ctc; Aty6-cepo pu1toy6vouc; 'tEJCVtKlic; ecpa,pµoyfJc; KOnptcic;, . ,:a, 1,,ty6-cepo punoy6va, crucr'tl]µm;a, a,no0i]KEUcrTjc; Konptuc;, ,:a, 1,,ty6-cepo punoy6va, crucr'tl]µa,,:a, cr,:a,p1,,1crµo6 t;comv Kat nc; 6uva-c6'tlj-cec; neptopicrµou -cmv EKn:oµncov aµµroviac; a,n:6 'CT\ XPlJOT\ opuK-ccov A,tna,crµutrov. Ta, µspri oioouv sva,v 'tl'CA,0 crtov KCOOtKa µe crK07t6 'tTJV a,no<puyfJ crurxucrric; µe IJ.AAOUC, Ka0oolJYTj'tlKOU<; K(()OtKEC,. B. Amacrµa,,:a, oupia.c; Kat a,v0paKtKou a,µµroviou 4. Ev-c6c; ev6c; ifwuc; a,n:6 'tTJV TjµEpoµrivia, sva,p~Tjc; tcrx,6oc; 'tOU na,p6vwc; 7tpOO'tOKOAA.0U yta sva, µepoc;, ,:o ev Myro µspoc; 1,,a,µpavEt KU0E ouva,,:6 µstpo yta 'tOV m:ptoptcrµ6 'COOV EK1toµ1tcov a,µµrovlac; a,n:6 'tTJ XPTJOT\ cr,:epecov 1,,ma,crµu,:rov µe Pucni 'tTjV oupia,, 5. Evc6c; ev6c; swuc; a,n:6 'tTjV TjµEpoµriv{a, sva,p~TJc; tcrx,6oc; t01) na,p6vtoc; 7tpOO'tOKOAA.01) yia, ava, µepoc;, w ev Mym µspoc; a,n;a,yopEUEt 'CT\ XPTJOT\ 1,,t7ta,crµa1:rov a,v0paKtKOU a,µµroviou. r. E<pa,pµoyn K01tptac; 6. Ka0e µspoc; otacrq,a,1,,f1;Et 6n XP11mµo1tOtoUV'tat Aty6tepo pu1toy6vo1 'tEJCVlKEC: E<papµoyiJc; K07tptuc; ( 611:mc; na,pa,tl0EV'tat cr-co Ka0oorirT\ttK6 syypa<po V 1t01) EV6KptvE to EK'tEAECT'ttKO 6pya,vo Ka'ta 'tTJV OSKa'tTj apooµTj crllVEop{acrfJ 'COU ( a,n6<pa,crTj 1999/1) Kat 'tUXOV 'tp07t07t0lTjClT] toll), ot Oitof.Ec; EX,El a,nooetxOet 6n µEteoVOUV -ctc; EK1t0µ1tec; Ka'ta touMx,tcr'tOV 30 % O'E O"V'YKPlOT\ µe -ctc; 'tEJCVlKBc; avacpopac; 1wu opit;ov,:a,1 cr,:o EV Myro Ka0ooT\YT\ttK6 eyypa<po, e<p6crov 1:0 ev Mym µspoc; 1:ic; 0eropei E<papµ6mµc:c;, A.(/,µpuvov,:a,c; U1tOIJITJ 'ttc; tontKsc; EOU<ptKsc; Kat yEroµop<poAoytKec; cruv0iJKEC:, to Eiooc; 'tTjC: uoa,pouc; K07tptac; Kat 'tTj ooµfJ ,:01) aypoK'tT]µa,1:0c;. Ot XPOVtKec; ]CA,tµaKCOcrm.c; yta 'tTJV E<papµoyiJ 1:mv µetprov autrov c:ivat: 31 T\ LlEKEµppiou 2009 yta ta µepT\ 1:mv 011:oirov T\ otKovoµia. ompxei:m µEtaPanK6 maoto Kat 31 T\ fleKeµppiou 2007 yia, ,:a, 1,,omu µepT\ <)). 348 7. Evtoc; evoc; etour; an6 'tTJV 11µapoµ11vw. evap~11c; icrx;uoc; wu napovtor; npmtoKOAAou -ym eva µapoc;, tO ev M-ym µepoc; 6ta.crcpaA{l;ct Ott 11 crtcpc&. K01tpt&. 1t0U acpapµosctat 0"8·'Y'll 1tOU op-ymva,at cVcrmµatmVctat evtor; 24 mprov toUAUX,tcrtOV ano 'tTJV acpapµoyf\, Ecpocrov ScmpEi to µfapo auto mpapµocrtµo, ;\,aµpavovmc; unolJlrt n,; toittKsc; dimptKEr; Kat yamµopcpow-ytKac; cruv0iJKc<;;, to aIBoc; trtc; ul\apouc; 1C01tptac; Kat 't1'J 6oµT] toU aypoK,:iJµatoc;. !:,., A1toS1]KEUOl] K01tptac; 8. Evtoc; evoc; etouc; an:6 'tTJV 11µapoµ11via evap~11c; tcrx,uoc; toU napovtoc; n:pmtotCOAAOU 'Yta eva µapor;, tO EV Mrro µepoc; x,p11crtµo1toIB{ -yta vfa an:oSeµata u6apour; K01tptac; CJE µc-y6.;\,a a-ypoK,:iJµata EK,pocpiJc; x,o{pmv teat 1touAcptKmv, 2000 x,oiprov n:6.x,uvcrrir; it 750 x,mpoµ11tspmv •TJ 40000 nouAcpucchv, Atyo,apo punoyova crucr,:iJµata iJ tax;vtKsc; ano6iJKEUCJ11<;;, ot onoi.cr; ex,m ano6ctX,tEi ott µetmvouv nc;· ElC'lto µn:sr; Kata. 40 % it napicrcrotEpo cra cru-yKptCJll µs ttr; tex,vtKer; avacpopa.r; (6nmr; napatl6cVtat crto KaS0611Y11ttKo s-y-ypacpo nou avacpspatat O"'tTJV napa.-ypacpo 6) it r,,A,A,(t crucrtiJµata 1'\ ,Ex,vtKB<;; µe a1toOEOEt-yµeva tcroouvaµ 11 an:ooocrri <2). 9. fta ta una.px,ovm ami6sµata uliapouc; tconpta.c; cra µa-ya.A.a a-ypoictiJµai:a SKtpoqnic; x,o{pmv •· Kat nouAcptKmv, 2000 x,o{pmv na.x,uvcrric; iJ 750 x,mpoµritspmv fJ 40000 nou;\,sptKrov, ta µsP'll Enttu-yx,avouv µatmcrctc; tmv a1C1toµmhv tTJ<; t6.~amr; tou 40 %, acpocrov to ev Mym µspor; Kp{vat ttc; anapa{'t1'jtsr; 1:ax,vtKsr; ecptKtsc; ano wx;vtKftc; Ka\ ottcovoµucftc; a1to'lfcmc; C2l. Ot x,povtKB<; 1CAtµaKchcretc; yta tTJV acpapµo-yiJ tmv µfapmv mnrov civat: 3111 /:,.aKeµppiou 2009 -yia m µsp11 tmv onoimv 11 otKovoµ{a 6mpx,atat µati;t.PattKO crta6to Kat 3111 /:,.sKaµppiou 2007 -ytq, ta A.Qt'lt(J, µsp11 (l). E. Lta0Atcrµoc; trocov 10. Evtoc; svoc; atouc; ano i:riv 11µapoµ11via evap~11c; icrx,uoc; tou napovwr; npmtoKoAAou -yia eva µapor;, io 8V Mym µepoc; x,p11crtµ01tOIB( crttc; veer; eyKmacnacreu; crtaPAtcrµou sromv O"ll µeyaA.a aypoK,:iJµam Etci-pocpiJc; x,oiprov Kat nouAcptKrov, 2000 x,oipmv 1t6.X,UV0"11<;; it 750 x,mpoµ11tspmv it 40000 nouAcptKrov, crucrtftµata crtaPAmµou, w onoia ex,ei anooetx,0e{ ott µeirovouv ttc; eKnoµn:ac; Kata 20 % Tl 1tllptcrcr6tepo (Jll cruyKptO"'f\ µe ttc; tEx,vtKac; avwpopac; (onmc; napatl08Vt(1,t O"to KaS0611Y11ttKo syypacpo 1i:ou avacpsge1m crto O"'llµBio 6) it a;\,;\,a crucrtftµata it tEX,VtKac; µe anoos6etyµeva tcroouvaµ11 an66ocrri < l, H ouvat6trita ecpapµoyijc; eivat ouvato va m,ptop{sstat yta Myouc; ausrotar; tffiV sromv, napaoe{yµatoc; x,ap11 0"8 crucrtiJµata XPT\0"11<;; ax(Jpou yw, touc; x,o{pouc; Kat cre crucrtiJµata opvtSmvmv Kat aAcu0spac; pocrKftc; -ym ta nouAcptKa. 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Tunwen1<e orn Tunoypaq>elo Tl"JC: Kunptat<!'Jc: Lir11.toI<paTlac; M1xaAdl(IJ l(apaoA17, 1445 /\eu1@ala, Tl)A. 22405824, C/Jal; 22303175 - www.mof.gov,cy/gpo AvTlrnna n1c; Enlanµnc; E<prwepl1iac; n<.uAOUVTOl npoc; £·1,00 To I<08€:va - ETIiata auv1ipop!'j: £40,00