Sector Action Plan on Environment and Climate Change

Sector Action Plan on Environment and Climate Change Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division Bangladesh Planning Commission Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh June 2023 Sector Action Plan Environment and Climate Change Editorial Board Dr. Anjan Kumer Dev Roy, Additional Secretary, AWRRID, Planning Commission Mohd. Enamul Haque, Joint Chief, AWRRID, Planning Commission Md. Mofidul islam, Chief (Rtd.), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Md. Samsul Islam, Deputy Chief and Project Director, AWRRID, Planning Commission Md. Saiful Islam Mondal, Deputy Chief and Deputy Project Director, AWRRID, Planning Commission Prepared and Published by Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division Bangladesh Planning Commission Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh www.plancomm.gov.bd Copyright © Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission, June 2023 All rights are reserved. However, we encourage use of the Sector Action Plan by any interested person, but no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Cover Designed by Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division Bangladesh Planning Commission Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Published: June 2023 Printed by Turtle 67/D (3rd Floor), Green Road, Dhaka-1205 M. A. Mannan, MP Minister Ministry of Planning Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh & Vice Chairman, Bangladesh Planning Commission Message It is of immense pleasure to know that the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division (AWRRID) of the Planning Commission is publishing the Sector Action Plan for the Environment and Climate Change sector to establish linkage with the strategies of the Eighth Five Year Plan (2020 - 2025). The Sector Action Plan for the Environment and Climate Change sector has been provided with valuable inputs on streamlining the sector planning and guiding the annual development program with a focus on the targets set by the 8th FYP and Vision 2041. The SAP will make it easier to identify the areas of intervention and propose some policy recommendations on how to achieve the targets set by the government in the 8th Five-Year Plan. Bangladesh has made commendable progress in MDGs. The success also continues in the SDG period which is reflected by the SDG Progress Award received by the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina from Sustainable Development Solution Network. Despite the achievement, we have to go a long way to materialize the dream of the Father of the Nation to become a happy and prosperous nation. We should not be complacent as we have to carry out the ongoing rapid transformation of the country. I hope this plan will be a useful reference for the policymakers, respective agencies, development partners, academics, and researchers alike to further research endeavors and enhance national development and I would like to see the continuation of such publications in the future as well. On this occasion, I would like to take the opportunity to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina for providing strategic guidance and inspiration. My sincere appreciation goes to the AWRRID officials for their encouraging engagement in preparing the document. (M. A. Mannan, MP) Dr. Shamsul Alam State Minister Ministry of Planning Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Message The Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division (AWRRID) of the Bangladesh Planning Commission is going to publish Sector Action Plan for the Environment and Climate Change sector in connection with the country’s Eighth Five Year Plan (2020 - 2025). This SAP will act as a bridge between the 8th FYP and ADP. The SAP preparation was undertaken for generating an elaborate action plan focusing on the targets set by the 8th FYP along with potential monitoring indicators for the Environment and Climate Change sector. An urge for the sector action plans for all the planning sectors was already felt in the 7th Five-Year Plan. Renowned climate change experts and development practitioners in the relevant fields with a longstanding flair were assigned to conduct the studies. In light of Vision 2041 and the Eighth Plan, the SAP intends to tackle the negative impacts of climate change and ensure food and water security. This Plan (SAP) has set a vision; “Tackling environment and climate change risk and vulnerabilities on Agriculture and Fisheries, and Livestock managing land, water, environment, and ecosystems in an integrated way for achieving food and nutrition security” towards sustainable and climate resilient agriculture in line with the development vision of the nation, i.e., Vision 2041, the Delta Vision, and SDGs. To achieve the status of upper-middle income country by 2031 envisaged by the Government, this Plan has focused on environmental management, agriculture, land, and water management. I believe this type of structured planning will assist the national development processes further to achieve the targets. I congratulate AWRRID for taking up this pragmatic and timely initiative. I would like to thank the authors and also the organizations who have contributed to preparing this Sector Action Plan. Well Documented SAP will also be helpful for policy planners, respective agencies, development practitioners, international development partners, researchers, and academicians as well. I expect that the SAP will be valuable for the officials of respective government agencies and AWRRID officials. I believe that other relevant officials will be immensely benefited with SAP for upgrading and updating their knowledge and professional competencies. Finally, I convey my gratitude to the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina for her visionary guidance and continued encouragement to our national planning initiatives. My gratitude also goes to our Honorable Minister, Ministry of Planning, Mr. M.A. Mannan, MP for his continuous support in making this publication a reality. (Dr. Shamsul Alam) Message I am enlightened to know that the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division (AWRRID) of Bangladesh Planning Commission is going to publish the Sector Action Plan on the Environment and Climate Change sector. Following the directives from the 7th Five Year Plan, AWRRID has taken a useful initiative to prepare the Sector Action Plan. This Plan will facilitate effective implementation of the Eighth Five Year Plan (2020 - 2025). Developing a strategic plan is important; however, it’s essential to have an operational plan to help manifest the strategic vision. Without an action plan, the goals and milestones meticulously mapped out in the planning process may remain neutral. An action pursues the strategies and encourages more specific activities, such as projects and programs, that follow the preferred direction of change and include estimates of the resource requirements and the time frame. It helps understand the road map in the sector planning process. This SAP is well prepared and, will assist the readers to understand the rationale for the choice of the specific domain underlying the Plan and the design of the policy package adapted for the Plan for reconciling the goals to achieve the national targets. The Plan will help anyone interested in understanding the environmental management, climate change, and development challenges of Bangladesh. I am certain that the use of the SAP will improve the existing process of project selection in line with the strategic directions of the 8th FYP. Qualitative changes in the whole process of project preparation, appraisal and implementation will be ensured through this effort and in turn it will promote achieving of the goals of 8th FYP. (Satyajit Karmaker) Satyajit Karmaker Secretary Planning Division Ministry of Planning Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Message I am happy to know that the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division (AWRRID) of Bangladesh Planning Commission is going to publish the Sector Action Plan on the Environment and Climate Change sector which will help implement the country’s Eighth Five Year Plan (2020 - 2025). AWRRID has taken a useful initiative to prepare the Sector Action Plan. For developing the Plan several broad themes have been identified and also 95 actions have been marked and prioritized. Among these actions, 50 are short-term, 32 are medium term and 13 are long term actions. To assist in the monitoring of the Plan, a result-based framework has been developed with specific indicators. This SAP is rich in content and, if made available, will enrich the knowledge base relating to development challenges and development options for the Environment and Climate Change sector. This plan will help the readers to understand the rationale for the choice of the specific domain underlying the Plan and the design of the policy package adapted for the Plan for reconciling the goals to achieve the national targets. I hope that the relevance of the issues and the diverse contents and analyses would make the plan useful for the respective government agencies, policymakers, and others who are interested in understanding the environmental management, climate change, and development challenges of Bangladesh. (A K M Fazlul Haque) A K M Fazlul Haque Member (Secretary) Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission Foreword The Sector Action Plan (SAP) for the Environment and Climate Change sector is going to be published by the Agriculture, Water Resources, and Rural Institutions Division (AWRRID) of the Bangladesh Planning Commission. This SAP will bridge the link with the Eighth Five-Year Plan (2020 - 2025). The SAP preparation has followed a comprehensive and stakeholder-driven approach to develop the Plan with a focus on environmental management and addressing climate change impacts in agriculture, fisheries, and livestock-related themes. The Plan has identified a total of 95 priority actions with a total estimated cost of BDT 58,240 crores and an implementation period spanning over two five-year planning cycles, i.e., 8th FYP (2020-2025) and 9th FYP (2025-2030). Among these actions, 50 are short term, 32 are medium term and 13 are long-term actions. To assist in the monitoring of the Plan, a result based framework has been developed comprising 82 unique indicators and a total of 126 indicators. It is expected that the SAP will enhance the knowledge base relating to development challenges and development options for the Environment and Climate Change sector. This plan will help the readers to understand the rationale for the choice of the specific domain underlying the Plan and the design of the policy package adapted for the Plan for integrating the goals to achieve Vision 2041. Finally, I am grateful to Mr. M. A. Mannan MP, Hon’ble Minister, Ministry of Planning and Dr. Shamsul Alam, Hon’ble Minister of State, Ministry of Planning for their constant guidance in finalizing the Sector Action Plan. I would like to express my deep gratitude to the authors and reviewers of the plan for their sincere efforts in finalizing the manuscripts in time. I am also indebted to the relevant officials of AWRRID for their untiring support and cooperation in managing the study. I strongly believe that this Sector Action Plan will smoothen the 8th Five Year Plan Implementation and facilitate the sector agencies and others as well. (Md. Sayduzzaman) Md. Sayduzzaman Chief (Additional Secretary) Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division Bangladesh Planning Commission Preface It is the privilege to express my heartfelt thanks to the Secretary of the Planning Division, Ministry of Planning and Member (Secretary) of the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission for providing their guidance and valuable support for completing this Sector Action Plan for Environment and Climate Change. I would like to thank all the members of the Technical Committee and Editorial Board for their guidance to the study and to provide an endeavor to ensure quality elements in this document. The Sector Action Plan on Environment and Climate Change has been prepared by the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division of the Bangladesh Planning Commission to achieve the goals set in the 8th Five Year Plan. Perspective Plan, Sustainable Development Goal and Five-Year Plan are used to achieve long term goals of socio-economic development. Goals and objectives of these plans are achieved by implementation of Annual Development Program. Sector Action Plans will help to establish linkage between the national plans and Annual Development program. In this regard, Sector Action Plans will play a vital role as the sector implementation path. We strongly belief that this Sector Action Plan will help our policymakers, development partners and all relevant stakeholders to identify projects and programmes in line with the actions within it for attaining goals and assessing accomplishments set forth in Eighth Five Year Plan and beyond. In conclusion, I would like to recall the contribution of all the Project Directors involved in this project in past, Deputy Project Director and the officials of AWRRID for their continuous support and cooperation in conducting the study effectively. (Md. Samsul Islam) Md. Samsul Islam Deputy Chief and Project Director FSP&CD Project Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division Bangladesh Planning Commission Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xv Executive Summary Bangladesh has made significant socio-economic development in recent decades. Bold steps initiated by the present government have established a new development paradigm through innovative approaches to bring about a cohesive and integrated management system to ensure long-term sustainability, backed by rapid socio-economic development in recent decades. This has also driven the country’s sustainable development agenda by striking a “right balance” between equitable national economic progress and human development. The country experienced an increase in per capita income from USD 754 in 20091 to USD 2657 in 20222 and expansion of adult literacy from 58% to 75.6%. This has resulted in reduced poverty incidence from 35% to 18.7%3, and declined extreme poverty rate from 18% to 5.6%3. The 8th Five Year Plan has been prepared to realize the present government’s Vision 2041 and the associated Perspective Plan 2041 (PP2041) that sets the road map to become an Upper Middle-Income Country (UMIC) and eliminate extreme poverty by FY2031 and to achieve a High-Income Country (HIC) status by FY2041. The economy of Bangladesh has grown at an average pace of 7% per year and is amongst the fastest in the world in the last decade. As a result, Bangladesh moved out from the World Bank-defined list of low-income countries (LIC) to Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) Bangladesh ranks 7th on the 2021 World Climate Risk Index, even though it contributes to a small share of global emissions. Despite such remarkable achievements, adverse climate change impacts and natural disasters plague Bangladesh due to its geographic location and flat, low-lying topography. Natural disasters such as tropical cyclones and storm surges, monsoon floods, flash floods, droughts, sea-level rise, salinity intrusion, ocean acidification, etc., are exerting stress on the country’s impressive development trajectory, impeding socioeconomic progress and human well-being, and further exacerbating by climate change. Furthermore, high population density, poverty, and reliance on climate-sensitive sectors, such as water resources, agriculture, fisheries, and livestock for water and food security, increase the country’s vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, intending to tackle the negative impacts of climate change and ensure food and water security, the Government of Bangladesh has decided to prepare a Sector Action Plan (SAP) for each sector mentioned in the 8th five-year plan (2020-2025). This Sector Action Plan (SAP) has set a vision; “Tackling environment and climate change risk and vulnerabilities on Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock managing land, water, environment and ecosystems in an integrated way for achieving food and nutrition security” towards sustainable and climate resilient agriculture in line with the development vision of the nation, i.e., Vision 2041, the Delta Vision, and SDGs. To achieve the status of upper-middle income country by 2031 envisaged by the Government, this Sector Action Plan has been prepared for the Environment and Climate Change sector, focusing on agriculture, land, and water management. The SAP has been devised into 3 broad themes with 10 specific sub-themes and identifies 53 strategies that have been formulated in alignment with the current agenda. Strategies for promoting conventional agriculture, innovations, technologies, and practices have been prioritized. The strategies have been devised with priority to minimizing yield gaps among research lab and farm level, strengthening crop extension services, fisheries integrating livestock, and integrating pest, diseases, and nutrient 1 GED, 2020. 8th Five Year Plan (July 2020 – June 2025) 2 BBS, 2023. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh 2022-2023 (Provisional) 3 BBS, 2023. Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2022 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexvi management. Despite the continuous effort and important initiatives from GoB for environmental pollution control, several issues and challenges still need to be addressed. Changing citizen behavior and corporate social responsibilities for pollution control and waste management, management of solid, liquid, plastic, and e-waste with zero discharge policy, managing hospital waste, hazardous and toxic waste, pollution from feces, persistent organic pollutants (PoPs), fecal sludge management at the local level, ensuring installing and functionalities of effluent treatment plants (ETPs), air quality improvement, proper monitoring of industrial pollution, enforcement of punishments to polluters, replacement of traditional brick kilns and rice parboiling units, halting open incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), stormwater quality control, managing environmental risk to health, etc. are major issues that are considered to be addressed. Integrating the “Polluters Pay” and “Beneficiary Pay” principles, such as payment for ecosystem services, will control pollution from industries, urban areas, agricultural waste, and livestock waste. Forest, ecosystem, and biodiversity conservation and management are significant and integral parts of ECC sector interventions for protecting forest-dependent livelihood and income generation, maintaining ecosystem services, and halting biodiversity loss/ degradation. Strong coordination and monitoring among inter-agency and ministries, especially with local government, are emphasized considering multi-stakeholders’ engagement. The implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 has been given special attention to facilitate integrated land and water resources management for agriculture. Creating an enabling environment for climate-smart agriculture practices to address adaptation and emission reduction is envisaged as part of formulating strategies for this sector. Further, private sectors are highlighted to be engaged for investment mainly in parallel to public investment. The SAP includes promoting knowledge sharing and capacity development, encouraging research and innovative activities, Compliance, and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols. Field-based skill development of farmers, hands-on training, and knowledge management initiatives are acknowledged in a transformative way for capacity development and sustainable knowledge management. A total of 95 actions have been identified and prioritized under this SAP ECC, which account for a total estimated cost of BDT 58,240 crores with 10 years of implementation period spanning over two five year planning cycles, i.e., 8th FYP (2020-2025) and 9th FYP (2025-2030). The action plan allocates a major portion (25%) of the budget for the Sustainable Land and Water Management (C1T3) theme to facilitate the integrated and sustainable management of the land and water resources around the country to maintain the environmental standards and to preserve ecosystem and biodiversity from pollution and degradation. Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management, and Capacity Development (C3T10) theme cover 15.5% of the total investment to further strengthen the innovation, knowledge, and capacity building on climate change adaptation, mitigation, and environmental issues. The Enhanced Finance (C3T7) theme receives an 11% budget with a focus on proper implementation of the recommended actions, expansion of climate-smart technologies, strengthening extension services, innovative research, capacity, and skill development. Setting up a crisis management fund for the management of the post-COVID-19 regime and Delta fund for proper implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 as envisioned in the 8th Five Year Plan (2020-2025) and Perspective Plan (2021-2041), contributed to this allocation. Around 11% of the investment will go to Climate Smart Agriculture (C1T2) and Green Growth and Low Carbon Development (C1T4) each, around 7.5% allocation goes to Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management (C2T5) and Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management (C2T6). Institutions and Governance (C3T6) theme will receive 5.6% investment. Enhancing Local Level Climate Change Adaptation and Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xvii Resilience (C1T1) and Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols (C3T9) themes will receive 2.6% and 1.7% investment respectively. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) will receive BDT 21,330 crore allocation (36.6%) for spearheading environmental protection and addressing climate change impacts, along with the special responsibilities of introducing Environmental Fiscal Framework to include the environmental cost into budget and revenue through the development of different financial instruments in coordination with Ministry of Finance (MoF). A total of BDT 20,515 crore (35.2%) has been allocated to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and BDT 5,745 crore (9.8%) to the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL) as key stakeholders for combating climate change impacts in livestock and fisheries sub-sectors with the extension of climate-smart technologies and practices. In contrast, the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) has got BDT 3,150 crore (5.4%) for ensuring integrated land and water management, increasing water use efficiency for food security, and poverty reduction. Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MoLGRDC) has got BDT 2,550 crore (4.4%). Ministry of Planning (MoP) will receive 4% of the investment, as the Establishment of Delta Fund has been vested to the General Economics Division (GED) under this ministry. Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) will receive 3.4% of the allocation to tackle climate-induced disasters and sudden shocks like COVID-19. However, the involvement of many other ministries is foreseen as supporting or coordinating entities for the successful implementation of this SAP ECC. Moreover, a total of 21 actions have been identified with potential for private sector investment/ engagement. In terms of project implementation duration, a total of BDT 24,570 crore will be required for short term (up to 3 years) actions, BDT 22,370 crore for medium-term (up to 6 years) actions, and BDT 11,300 crore for long-term (up to 10 years) actions. A total of 50 short-term, 32 medium term and 13 long-term actions have been proposed. There is a gap between 8th FYP allocated budget for the ECC sector and the estimated budget in this SAP. This is due to the fact that a lot of the initiatives are done by other ministries and will be included in the respective sector budget. Besides, as climate change impacts are creating more pressure on the sustainable development of the country, more financing sources from the international arena and private sector should be actively harnessed. To enhance the management, implementation, coordination, and monitoring of the SAP ECC, a new unit/ committee named the National Environment and Climate Change Unit (NECCU) has been proposed in the SAP ECC. NECCU will function under the supervision of the National Steering Committee on Environment and Climate Change (NSCECC) and Technical Advisory Committee, comprising high-level policymakers and relevant 5 separate cells to carry out its functions: Management and Coordination Cell, Planning, Appraisal, and Project Selection Cell, External Coordination, and Finance Cell, Monitoring and Evaluation Cell and Technical Support cell. A recommendation is in place for strong monitoring and evaluation of this plan to be headed by IMED through the Monitoring and Evaluation Cell. Project implementation monitoring can be done by both IMED and Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division (AWRRID) in coordination with implementing agencies and relevant stakeholders. A result-based monitoring framework has been developed to facilitate the M&E and reporting process. This result-based M&E framework followed the Theory of Change approach and selected SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound) indicators aligned with National Priority Indicators (NPI), SDGs indicators, indicators introduced inside the Annual Performance Agreements (APA) of relevant stakeholders, etc. The National Adaptation Plan (NAP) monitoring framework can also be aligned and synchronized with the monitoring frame of this plan. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexviii The developed result-based framework comprises 82 unique indicators and a total of 126 indicators. Efforts have been made to create this framework based on existing indicators with already available data. However, baseline data are not present for some indicators, which must be collected through responsible agencies. The Environment, Climate Change and Disaster Statistics Cell (ECCDSC) of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) can be engaged to collect those data as national data and statistics organization to facilitate the M&E process. Regular updates of this action plan, as well as a knowledge management plan, is envisaged in every 5 years. However, project monitoring, evaluation, and reporting are envisaged to be performed every year. The system-level monitoring may be facilitated through tracking consistent progress with the National Priority Indicators (NPI) for Environment and Climate Change sector stated in the 8th Five Year Plan. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xix Contents Executive Summary xv Abbreviations and Acronyms xxiii Glossary xxxi Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Background of the Study 3 1.2 Rationale 3 1.3 Scope of Works 3 1.4 Methodology 4 1.4.1 Approach 4 1.4.2 Planning Horizon 5 1.4.3 Guiding Principles 5 1.5 Goals 6 1.6 Limitations 7 Chapter 2. Environment and Climate Change 11 2.1 Scoping and Challenges 11 2.1.1 Addressing Climate Change Consequences 11 2.1.2 Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management 14 2.1.3 Cross Cutting Issues 16 2.2 Risk and Vulnerabilities 17 2.2.1 Environmental Hazards 17 2.2.2 Natural Disasters 21 2.2.3 Climatic Hazards and Impacts 21 2.3 Stakeholder Mapping 26 2.3.1 Power Map 1: Ministries and Departments 27 2.3.2 Power Map 2: NGO, INGO and CSO 27 2.3.3 Power Map 3: Research Institutes and Academia 28 2.3.4 Power Map 4: Development Partners 29 2.3.5 Power Map 5: Private Sector 29 Chapter 3: Assessment of Priority Area for Sector Actions 33 3.1 National Policy Landscape of ECC Sector 33 3.2 Achievements of Past Initiatives 33 3.3 Institutional Capacity Need 41 3.3.1 Methodology Used for Stakeholder Participation and the Institutional Analysis 42 3.3.2 Insights on Institutional Capacity Needs 43 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexx 3.4 Alignment with National Goals and Targets 45 3.5 Maintaining Linkage with SDGs 47 3.6 Priority Strategies of the 8th Five Year Plan 48 3.7 Gap Analysis 50 Chapter 4: Development of Action Plan 59 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Strategies for Action 59 4.3 Prioritization of Action and Investment Plan 64 4.4 Investment Phasing 66 Chapter 5: Implementation Strategies for the Sector Action Plan 69 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 Implementation Framework 69 5.2.1 Management and Coordination Cell 70 5.2.2 Planning, Appraisal and Project Selection Cell 70 5.2.3 External Coordination and Finance Cell 70 5.2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Cell 71 5.2.5 Technical Support Cell 71 5.3 Capacity Building and Strengthening of Institutions 73 5.4 Potential Sources of Fund and Financing Strategies 75 5.4.1 Potential Sources of Fund 75 5.4.2 Strategies for Financing 81 5.5 Strategies for Delta Fund Establishment 84 5.6 Strategies for Private Sector Engagement 85 5.7 Monitoring and Evaluation 87 5.8 Way Forward 88 Annexure 91 Annex 1: National Policy Framework aligned with the Themes of SAP ECC 91 Annex 2: Sector Actions and Indicative Projects 100 Annex 3: Result Based Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 131 References 159 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxi List of Tables Table 2.1: Acceptable Sound Limit in Bangladesh 18 Table 2.2: Noise Levels in Divisional Headquarters of Bangladesh 18 Table 2.3: Water Quality Status for Some Important Rivers of Bangladesh (2020) 19 Table 2.4: Projected Annual Surface Warming (°C) in Maximum Temperature 22 Table 2.5: Projected Annual Surface Warming (°C) in Minimum Temperature 22 Table 2.6: Projected Annual Change (%) in Rainfall 22 Table 3.1: Past Initiatives in Bangladesh Related to ECC Sector 33 Table 3.2: List of Indicators for Institutional Analysis 42 Table 3.3: Identified Gaps in Different Clusters and Sub-Clusters of ECC Sector 51 Table 5.1: Potential Funding Sources for the Thematic Areas 80 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxii List of Figures Figure 1.1: Overall Approach 4 Figure 1.2: Guiding Principles for Sector Action Plan 5 Figure 2.1: Thematic Areas Relevant to Environment and Climate Change 11 Figure 2.2: Power Map of Ministries and Departments 27 Figure 2.3: Power Map of NGO, INGO and CSO 28 Figure 2.4: Power Map of Research Institutes and Academia 28 Figure 2.5: Power Map of Development Partners 29 Figure 2.6: Power Map of Private Sector 30 Figure 3.1: List of Indicators for the Assessment 41 Figure 3.2: The Sustainable Development Goals 48 Figure 4.1: Theory of Change Diagram 60 Figure 4.2: Phasing of Investment for Implementation of SAP ECC 66 Figure 5.1: Institutional Framework for Implementing the SAP ECC 69 Figure 5.2: Climate Funds Flow in Bangladesh 76 Figure 5.3: Steps to Enhance Private Sector Engagement 85 Figure 5.4: The Kampala Principles for Effective Private Sector Engagement (PSE) 86 Figure 5.5: Success Stories of Kampala Principles 87 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxiii Abbreviations and Acronyms AAB Action Aid Bangladesh AAL Alpha Agro Limited AAS Agriculture Advisory Society ACIL ACI Limited ADB Asian Development Bank ADP Annual Development Programme AF Adaptation Fund AF Arannayk Foundation AFP Ahmed Food Products AIS Agriculture Information System AMG A Monem Group APA Annual Performance Agreement ARIs Agriculture Research Institutes ASC Army Services Corps AWD Alternating Wetting and Drying AWRRID Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division BA Bigbiz Agro BADC Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation BANHRDB Bangladesh Applied Nutrition and Human Resources Development Board BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BARCIK Bangladesh Resource Centre for Indigenous Knowledge BARI Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute BAU Bangladesh Agricultural University BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BC British Council BCAS Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BCCT Bangladesh Climate Change Trust BCIC Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation BCIP EFCC Bangladesh Country Investment Plan for Environment, Forestry and Climate Change BCSAA BCS Administration Academy BDHS Bangladesh Household Survey BDP2100 Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 BDPC Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Center BDPP Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Project BDT Bangladeshi Taka BEHEP Bangladesh Environment, Health and Education Program BELA Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association BFD Bangladesh Forest Department Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxiv BFDC Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation BFRI Bangladesh Forest Research Institute BFRI Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute BG Bashundhara Group BGEF Bright Green Energy Foundation BHDC Bandarban Hill District Council BIDS Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies BINA Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BIRTAN Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training for Applied Nutrition BIWTA Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority BJRI Bangladesh Jute Research Institute BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute BM Bengal Meat BMD Bangladesh Meteorological Department BMDA Barind Multi-Purpose Development Authority BNH Bangladesh National Herbarium BORI Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute BPATC Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre BPD Bangladesh Power Division BPDB Bangladesh Power Development Board BPL Bengal Plastics Ltd. BRDB Bangladesh Rural Development Board BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BSAE BRAC Seed and Agro Enterprise BSCIC Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industry Corporation BSMRAU Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University BSMRMU Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University BSRI Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute BTRI Bangladesh Tea Research Institute BUET Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology CA Christian Aid CAL Century Agro Limited CAMET Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation, Experiment and Training Park CARE CARE, Bangladesh CB Caritas Bangladesh CBA Community Based Adaptation CC Climate Change CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCAFS-CGIAR CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CCDB Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxv CCEC Centre for Coastal Environmental Conservation ccGAP Climate Change and Gender Action Plan CCM Climate Change Mitigation CD Cabinet Division, GoB CDB Cotton Development Board CDC Centre for Disease Control and Prevention CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEGIS Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services CFF Climate Fiscal Framework CG City Group CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIF Climate Investment Fund CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CIRDAP Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia & the Pacific CLEAN Coastal Livelihoods and Environmental Action Network CNRS Center for Natural Resource Studies CPD Centre for Policy Dialogue CPRD Center for Participatory Research and Development CREL Climate Resilient Ecosystem and Livelihood CSD Centre for Sustainable Development CSRL Campaign for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods CT COAST Trust CTCN Climate Technology Center and Network CUET Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology CW CONCERN – Worldwide DAE Department of Agriculture Extension DAM Department of Agriculture Marketing DBECC Development of Biotechnology & Environmental Conservation Centre DBHWD Department of Bangladesh Haor and Wetlands Development DDM Department of Disaster Management DGHS Directorate General of Health Services DIA Disaster Impact Assessment DLS Department of Livestock Services DMB Disaster Management Bureau DoE Department of Environment DoF Department of Fisheries DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSS Department of Social Services Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxvi DU University of Dhaka DWA Department of Women Affairs DYD Department of Youth Development EbA Ecosystem based Adaptation ECA Ecologically Critical Area ECC Environment and Climate Change ECCDS Environment, Climate Change and Disaster Statistics ECF Environment Concern Foundation ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council EFCC Environment Forestry Climate Change EFR Environmental Fiscal Reform EG Eon Group EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EKN Embassy of Kingdom of Netherlands EQI Environmental Quality Index ERD Economic Relations Division ESDO Environment & Social Development Organization EU European Union Delegation to Bangladesh FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FCDO Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, U.K. FF Fresh Foods FFWC Flood Forecasting & Warning Centre FYP Five Year Plan GCF Green Climate Fund GCM General Circulation Model GED General Economics Division GEF Global Environment Facility GIZ German Society for International Cooperation GmbH (English) GLUK Green Life-UK GoB Government of Bangladesh GS Grameen Shakti GSB Geological Survey of Bangladesh GUK Gana Unnayan Kendra GW Groundwater HIC High Income Country HMSS Bangladesh Health and Morbidity Status Survey HORTEX Horticulture Development Foundation HSD Health Service Division ICCCAD International Centre for Climate Change and Development, IUB ICDDR,B International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxvii ICM Integrated Crop Management ICT Information and Communication Technology IDCOL Infrastructure Development Company IDM Integrated Diseases Management IES Institute of Environmental Science, Rajshahi University IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IFRC The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society IMED Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Division INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IOM International Organization for Migration IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM Integrated Pest Management IRB Islamic Relief Bangladesh IRD Internal Resources Division IRRI International Rice Research Institute IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IWFM Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET IWM Institute of Water Modelling JCM Joint Crediting Mechanism JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JIRCAS Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences JJS Jagrata Juba Shangha JU Jahangirnagar University KA Kazi Agro KF Kazi Farms KFW Kreditanstalt Fuer Wiederaufbau KUET Khulna University of Engineering & Technology LAPA Local Adaptation Plans of Action LDC Least Development Country LDCF Least Development Country Trust Fund LGD Local Government Division LGED Local Government Engineering Department LGIs Local Government Institutes LGRD Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives Division LTSL Lal Teer Seed Limited MDG Millennium Development Goals MFA Marine Fisheries Academy MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxviii MIE Multi-Lateral Implementing Entity MJF Manusher Jonno Foundation MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC Ministry of Commerce MoCHTA Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs MoDMR Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoF Ministry of Finance MoFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock MoFood Ministry of Food MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoHPWD Ministry of Housing and Public Works MoI Ministry of Industries MoL Ministry of Land MoLGRDC Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives MoLJPA Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs MoP Ministry of Planning MoPA Ministry of Public Administration MoPEMR Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources MoRTB Ministry of Road, Transport and Bridges MoS Ministry of Shipping MoSW Ministry of Social Welfare MoWCA Ministry of Women and Child Affairs MoWR Ministry of Water Resources NACOM Nature Conservation Management NAP National Adaptation Plan NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NARS National Agricultural Research System NASP National AIDS/STD Programme NATA National Agriculture Training Academy NBR National Board of Revenue NbS Nature based Solutions NCCB Network on Climate Change Bangladesh NDA National Designated Authority NG Nilsagor Group NIB National Institute of Biotechnology NIE National Implementing Entity NILG National Institute of Local Government NIRAPAD Network for Information Response and Preparedness Activities on Disaster NPI National Priority Indicator Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxix NRCC National River Conservation Commission NSDS National Sustainable Development Strategy NSTU Noakhali Science and Technology University NTP National Tuberculosis Control Program OGB Oxfam GB Bangladesh PA Protected Area PA Practical Action, Bangladesh PAIL Petrochem Agro Industries Limited PC Planning Commission PD Programming Division PES Payment for Ecosystem Services PHC Primary Health Care PI Plan International PKSF Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation PM2.5, PM10 Particulate Matter PMO Prime Minister’s Office PP2041 Second Perspective Plan, 2041 PPP Public Private Partnership PPPA Public Private Partnership Authority PRG PRAN-RFL Group PSTU Patuakhali Science and Technology University PWD Public Works Department QF Quality Feeds RCM Regional Climate Model RCP Representative Concentration Pathways RDCD Rural Development and Cooperative Division RDFP Rangpur Dairy & Food Products RDRS RDRS Bangladesh RFFPI Riverine Fish & Food Processing Industries RHD Roads and Highway Department RREL Rahimafrooz Renewable Energy Limited RRI River Research Institute SAAFL SA Agro Feeds Ltd. SAC SAARC Agricultural Information Centre SAP Sector Action Plan SAP ECC Sector Action Plan for Environment and Climate Change SAU Sher e Bangla Agricultural University SAU Sylhet Agricultural University SCA Seed Certification Agency SDGs Sustainable Development Goals Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxx SEB South East Bank SG Square Group SID Statistics and Informatics Division SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SKSF SKS Foundation SLCPs Short Lived Climate Pollutants SMRC SAARC Meteorological Research Centre SPARSO Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization SRDI Soil Resource Development Institute SREDA Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority SUST Shahjalal University of Science & Technology SVRS Sample Vital Registration System SW Surface water SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity & Threat TAL Tanzan Agro Limited UMIC Upper Middle Income Country UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNH UN HABITAT UNW UN Women USAID United States Agency for International Development WAB Water Aid, Bangladesh WARPO Water Resources Planning Organisation WASA Water Supply and Sewerage Authority WB World Bank WC Waste Concern WF World Fish WFP World Food Programme WG Walton Group WHO World Health Organization WMO World Meteorological Organisation World Fish World Fish Center WT Wild Team WVB World Vision Bangladesh YPSA Young Power in Social Action Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxxi Glossary Adaptation It’s an adjustment process to the actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to the expected climate and its effects. Adaptive capacity The ability of systems, institutions, humans, and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences. Adaptive management Refers to the process of iteratively planning, implementing, and modifying strategies for managing resources in the face of uncertainty and change. Adaptive management involves adjusting approaches in response to observations of their effect and changes in the system brought on by resulting feedback effects and other variables. Biodiversity The whole variety of life encompassing all genetics, species and ecosystem variations, including plans and animals. Biomass Living matter within an environmental area, for example plant material, vegetation, or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source. Climate change Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forces such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the atmosphere’s composition or land use. The Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over a comparable period. The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between climate change attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition and climate variability attributable to natural causes. Climate model It is a numerical representation of the climate system based on its physical, chemical, and biological properties, interactions, feedback processes, and accounting for some of its known properties. The climate system can be represented by models of varying complexity; that is, for any one component or combination of components a spectrum or hierarchy of models can be identified, differing in such aspects as the number of spatial dimensions, the extent to which physical, chemical, or biological processes are explicitly represented, or the level at which empirical parameterizations are involved. Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide a representation of the climate system that is near or at the most comprehensive end of the spectrum currently available. Climate models are applied as a research tool to study and simulate the climate, and for operational purposes, including monthly, seasonal, and inter annual climate predictions. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxxii Climate scenario A plausible and often simplified representation of the future climate, based on an internally consistent set of climatological relationships that has been constructed for explicit use in investigating the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change, often serving as input to impact models. Climate projections often serve as the raw material for constructing climate scenarios, but climate scenarios usually require additional information such as the observed current climate. Coping The use of available skills, resources, and opportunities to address, manage and overcome adverse conditions aims to achieve the basic functioning of people, institutions, organizations, and systems in short to medium term. Coping capacity The ability of people, institutions, organizations and systems to can address, manage, and overcome adverse conditions in the short to medium term by using available skills, values, beliefs, resources, and opportunities. This glossary entry builds from the definition used in UNISDR (2009) and IPCC (2012a). Detection and attribution Detection of change is defined as the process of demonstrating that climate or a system affected by climate has changed in some defined statistical sense without providing a reason for that change. An identified change is detected in observations if its likelihood of occurrence by chance due to internal variability alone is determined to be small, for example, <10%. Attribution is defined as the process of evaluating the relative contributions of multiple causal factors to a change or event with an assignment of statistical confidence. Ecosystem-based adaptation It refers to biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation strategy to help people adapt to climate change’s adverse effects. The ecosystem-based adaptation uses the range of opportunities for the sustainable management, conservation, and restoration of ecosystems to provide services that enable people to adapt to the impacts of climate change. It aims to maintain and increase the resilience and reduce the vulnerability of ecosystems and people in the face of the adverse effects of climate change. Ecosystem-based adaptation is most appropriately integrated into broader adaptation and development strategies. Emission scenario It manifests a plausible representation of the future development of emissions of potentially radiatively active substances (e.g., greenhouse gases, aerosols) based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about driving forces (such as demographic and socioeconomic development, technological change) and their key relationships. Concentration scenarios derived from emission scenarios are used as input to a climate model to compute climate projections. In IPCC First Assessment Report, a set of emission scenarios was presented, used as a basis for the climate projections (1996). These emission scenarios are referred to as the IS92 scenarios. In the IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios, the so-called SRES scenarios were published, some of which were used, among others, as a basis for the climate projections presented in Chapters 9 to 11 of IPCC TAR and Chapters 10 and 11 of IPCC AR4. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change xxxiii Emission scenario New emission scenarios for climate change, the four Representative Concentration Pathways, were developed for the present IPCC assessment. Exposure The presence of people, livelihoods, species or ecosystems, environmental services and resources, infrastructure, or economic, social, or cultural assets in places that could be adversely affected. Hazards The potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical event or trend, or physical impact, may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, and environmental resources. The term hazard usually refers to climate-related physical events or trends or their physical impacts. Impacts (Consequences, Outcomes) Effects on natural and human systems. The term impact is used primarily to refer to the effects on natural and human systems of extreme weather and climate events due to climate change. Impacts generally refer to effects on lives, livelihoods, health status, ecosystems, economic, social, and cultural assets, services (including environmental), and infrastructure due to the interaction of climate changes or hazardous climate events occurring within a specific period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts, and sea-level rise, are a subset of impacts called physical impacts. Low regret policy Refers to a policy that would generate net social and/or economic benefits under the current climate and a range of future climate change scenarios. Maladaptive actions (or maladaptation) Actions that may lead to increased risk of adverse climate-related outcomes increased vulnerability to climate change, or diminished welfare, now or in the future. Predictability It refers to the extent to which a system’s future state may be predicted based on knowledge of the current and past conditions of the system. Since the climate system’s past and current state-related knowledge is generally imperfect, the models utilize this knowledge to produce a climate prediction. Since the climate system is inherently nonlinear and chaotic, the predictability of the climate system is inherently unpredictable limited. Even with arbitrarily accurate models and observations, there may still be limits to the predictability of such a nonlinear system Projection A projection is a potential future evolution of a quantity or set of quantities, often computed with the aid of a model. Unlike predictions, projections are conditional on assumptions concerning, for example, future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized. See also Climate prediction and Climate projection. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Changexxxiv Resilience The capacity of a social-ecological system to cope with a hazardous event or disturbance, responding or reorganizing in ways that maintain its essential function, identity, and structure, while also maintaining the capacity for adaptation, learning, and transformation Risk It refers to the potential for negative consequences where something of human value (including humans themselves) is at stake and where the outcome is uncertain. Risk is often represented as the probability of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the consequences of these events. IPCC Assessment Reports assesses climate-related risks. Sensitivity The degree to which climate variability or change affects a system or species adversely or beneficially. The effect may be direct (e.g., a change in crop yield in response to a change in the mean, range, or variability of temperature) or indirect (e.g., damages caused by an increase in the frequency of coastal flooding due to sea-level rise). System of interest The ‘system of interest’ is the unit or space chosen to assess concerning a specific question. Depending on the objective of the analysis, the system of interest may be determined at different levels, e.g. a single crop system, an ecosystem, a region. Transformation A change in the fundamental attributes of a system, often based on altered paradigms, goals, or values. Transformations can occur in technological or biological systems, financial structures, and regulatory, legislative, or administrative regimes. Trend Changes in climate that show a similar direction over time. An observed/ historic trend could be, for example, the later arrival of rainfall over the last five years. Projected trends give a possible future direction, e.g. decreasing rainfall in summer. If combined with a data range (decrease of 10 days of rain or reduction of X amount of rain) can help to devise adaptation measures. Vulnerability It refers to the propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. Vulnerability encompasses a variety of concepts, including sensitivity or susceptibility to harm and lack of capacity to cope and adapt. Chapter 1 Introduction Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters because of its geographical location, flat and low lying landscape, population density, economic condition etc. Bangladesh experiences several natural disasters almost every year. The increased frequency of such events imposed by climate change significantly impacts on the country’s economy. Consequent environmental degradation is also concerning, especially regarding the growing population, urbanisation and industrial development. Climate change and environmental concerns are now the cross-cutting issue for all development sectors. Mainstreaming climate change, ensuing impacts and consequent adaptation are now of prime concern for national plans and policies. With the recent approval of the National Adaptation plan (NAP) of Bangladesh, the 8th Five Year Plan has been formulated with tackling climate impacts at the helm of the development think tank. As gradually this plan will be put to fruition by the subsequent ADPs, strong connection is to exist between these two, linking concept with application. This Sector Action plan aims to bridge the gap and guide the country’s structured development going into the future. The plan will particularly address the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector, as it holds a prime role in ensuring the country’s food security. This Sector Action Plan will thus contribute to accelerating the achievement of the upper middle-income status of Bangladesh by 2031, as envisaged by the Government. 1.2 Rationale The Government of Bangladesh uses Perspective Plan and Five Year Plan to achieve the long term goals of socio- economic development. These Plans, by definition, are the philosophical directions and guidelines for the economy to attain the country’s broad goals. These plan goals and objectives are implemented by the Annual Development Program. There is a missing link between Five Year Plan and ADP. This Sector Action Plan will fill-up the missing link. This framework plan identifies public policy initiatives and projects for public sector interventions including the role of government agencies in partnership with other government institutions, the private sector, development partners, local government bodies and non-government organizations. Against the backdrop that environment and climate change is vast and transcends the boundaries between the varying development sectors, the plan tries to establish a linkage among the different sectors under the umbrella of sustainable and adaptive interventions. 1.3 Scope of Works The scope of works for Sector Action Plan preparation includes the following topics: ● Stocktaking of the sector/situation analysis ● Overall and specific objective(s) and planned impact of intervention ● Review of Policies/strategies/laws supporting the sector/Ministries/Divisions ● Analysis of Sector institutions, coordination and capacity ● Assessment of Scopes, challenges and way forward ● A clear path from the national policy to the action (link the Plan with implementation) Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change4 ● Prioritizing the intervention actions by the Ministries/Divisions ● Addressing the cross-cutting issues (establish the links with other sectors) ● Identifying indicators for monitoring in line with the FYP and SDGs ● Identifying of projects and programmes for the intervention ● Estimating resource requirement of the Sector 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 Approach The Sector Action Plan (SAP) preparation comprise several steps and follows an organized sequential methodology. Figure 1.1 illustrates the overall approach followed in SAP preparation. The process is initiated with devising the sectoral boundary and identifying specific themes; followed up by situation analysis (present and past condition of environment and climate change) in consultation with stakeholders; review previous plan and existing national policies/strategies and analysis of sectoral cross-cutting issues. Based on this information, an overall analysis of the scopes and challenges for the sector is prepared. This also led to the institutional capacity analysis for the sector. Based on these and following the Theory of Change approach, a set of program or actions have been formulated under each strategic theme. In preparing the program/ actions linkage with national plans and policies, SDGs and 8th FYP has been ensured. A probable budget and an implementation mechanism along with result-based monitoring framework has been prepared following the Theory of Change approach. Figure 1.1: Overall Approach Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 5 1.4.2 Planning Horizon Planning horizon has been considered in compliance with the Eighth Five Year Plan period from July 2020 to June 2025. Some longer-term actions might expand beyond 2025 up to 2030. So, the proposed actions under SAP will be implemented within 8th and 9th FYP. The Sector Action Plan is contextualized to bridge Five Year Plans and Annual Development Programmes. The economic development of Bangladesh has been classified into fourteen sectors both in Five Years Planning cycle and the Annual Development Programme. The planning horizon proposed in this Sector Action Plan will also facilitate the national strategic goals for LDC graduation in 2026 and the SDG goals in 2030. The SAP facilitates the strategies and action particularly emphasizing on agriculture and water sector affected by climate change and contribute in sustainable environment. 1.4.3 Guiding Principles SAP has been developed following the principles described below. The principles have been identified based on understanding of the national goals & targets and international agenda and goals. Comprehensive and People Centred: During the preparation of the SAP, a comprehensive situation analysis of different levels of people in the context of climate change and environmental degradation has been performed to make it people centric. These principles involve engagement of multiple stakeholders from different levels to analysis the coping strategies adopted by them. This will allow for better understanding of which actions and strategies will be more acceptable to people. Figure 1.2: Guiding Principles for Sector Action Plan Versatility and Supportive: Environment and Climate Change (ECC) itself is considered as multiple and cross cutting sector and warrants involvement of multiple agencies. Therefore, to enhance the Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change6 coordination and supportive nature among the key agencies, strategies will be developed that will require the sharing of the perspectives and roles of different agencies. Country-driven and transparent: The planning process of the SAP is country-driven and transparent aligning with all relevant national plans and policies. SAP can contribute to national development, priority, particularly the goals and vision of the national plans and policies like Vision 2021 & 2041, LDC Graduation by 2024 while preparing the strategies. Coordination with International Agreements: In order to fulfil international commitments of the Government through alignment with agreements exist like Paris Agreement, Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction etc., the strategies and actions developed in the SAP will adhere to similar development agenda. Dynamic and Adaptive: The dynamic and unpredictable nature of climate change and ensuing impacts warrants that this document follows similarly, if not equally, adaptive traits in its concept and formulation of interventions. Gender Sensitive: A gender sensitive approach will be considered during developing the strategy and action as women, child and disable people are most vulnerable to climate change and thus strategies must reduce the vulnerabilities of women, child and disable people. Integration of Private Sector: Private sector has much potential to contribute to the planning, development and implementation of climate adaptation strategies through sector specific expertise, financing, technology, efficiency, entrepreneurship and in financing through PPP projects. As such, strategies developed in this SAP should encourage private sector financing. Green Growth: Proposed strategies and actions should promote green growth as implementation of ecosystem-based initiatives entails benefit to the environment. Also, adhering to a green growth principle will facilitate in reduction of emission and subsequent achievement of NDC emission targets. 1.5 Goals The Sector Action Plan on Environment and Climate Change has set target towards sustainable and climate resilient agriculture in line with the development vision of the nation i.e., Vision 2041, the Delta Vision and SDGs. SAP has been envisioned for tackling environment and climate change risk and vulnerabilities on Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock by managing land, water, environment and ecosystem to achieve food and nutrition security. The specific goals to achieve the SAP vision include – ● Goal 1: Promoting and enhancing local level climate change adaptation and resilience ● Goal 2: Development and expansion of Climate Smart Agriculture ● Goal 3: Promoting sustainable land and water management to achieve land degradation neutrality ● Goal 4: Environmental pollution control and conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity ● Goal 5: Promoting green growth and low carbon development ● Goal 6: Establishment of sustainable financing mechanism and strengthening institutions for environment and climate change risk management Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 7 1.6 Limitations The Environment and climate change sector cover actions and issues related to environmental conditions and climate change. So, this sector has close relationship with future planning and actions in different sectors like agriculture, water resources, fisheries, livestock, disaster management etc. For this intrinsic relations, environment and climate change is also considered as cross-cutting issue for many sectors. As covering all sector related issues and actions is a huge task, the Sector Action Plan preparation study has concentrated on covering mainly environmental challenges and climate change adaptation and mitigation actions for the agriculture, fisheries and livestock sectors as these are the most affected by the negative impacts of climate change. There are other sectors impacted by climate change, which has not been covered in this Plan and is expected to be covered by Sector Action Plan of the respective sector. Chapter 2 Environment and Climate Change Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 11 Chapter 2. Environment and Climate Change 2.1 Scoping and Challenges It has already been acknowledged that SAP acts as a connecting bridge between 8th FYP and Annual Development Programme (ADP). Thereby the scoping of ECC sector will be aligned with environment and climate change related activities, particularly in agriculture and water resources related strategies and action relevant for environment and climate change. In order to extract the scoping and challenges of ECC sector, the boundary for ECC sector to prepare this SAP has been devised in three broad themes with eight specific sub-themes under the broad themes as presented in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1: Thematic Areas Relevant to Environment and Climate Change 2.1.1 Addressing Climate Change Consequences The 8th Five Year Plan has conceived a sustainable development agenda, simultaneously highlighting both climate change adaptation and mitigation. Despite contributing less to global emissions, Bangladesh is recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and to reduce said vulnerabilities the country needs to give more focus to climate change adaptation. The Government has also recognized that sustained economic progress warrants a balance between climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation. Bangladesh is considered one of the most climate-vulnerable countries due to ensuing natural calamities and slow onset adversities. Constantly aggravating climate-induced disasters, coastal Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change12 tropical cyclones, monsoon flooding, flash floods, droughts, sea level rise, salinity intrusion, urban floods, etc., are causing catastrophic losses to many socio-economic sectors. These adverse effects especially pose challenges to agriculture, food security and livelihood. Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate variability. Changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, and increase in floods and droughts. Changes in crop calendar, crop phenology and pollination; crop damage during floods; pest infestation and diseases; abnormal growth and breeding for fisheries; deoxygenation and pH imbalances; and deaths of livestock and poultry under extreme heat occur recurrently. This creates a crisis for food and nutrition security and agriculture-dependent livelihoods, as also projected by IPCC. Strategies and actions will thus be developed to enhance the process of mainstreaming climate change adaptation and mitigation into national plans and policies, especially akin to the agriculture sector, to introduce climate smart agricultural practices and reinforce climate resiliency and to better facilitate reduction of GHS emissions. Thereby focus will be given on increased coordination among the institutions and policies, mainstreaming environmental and climate change issues in their institutional mandates, which will enforce them to take the environment and climate change concerns in their activities, ensuring participation of all stakeholder considering gender aspects and other marginalised groups. The activities under this theme will be further divided in three sub-themes i.e., enhancing local level climate change adaptation and resilience, climate smart agriculture; sustainable land and water management and green growth and low carbon development. ● Enhancing Local Level Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience This theme aims at transforming prioritization of strategic actions for climate change adaptation from national level to local level to enhance local level climate resilience through integrating climate change adaptation into local development planning process; engaging community, gender and people to make gender inclusive and participatory planning and development; shared learning to promote participation of all stakeholders including community; ensuring development of climate resilient market system and value chain and make available climate friendly products; incorporating native and indigenous knowledge of adaptation into systematic scientific technological innovations; reducing loss and damages due to climate change induced disasters; curbing internal migration and displacement; increasing alternating income generating activities among communities and so on. Identification and adoption of climate-adaptive and resilient measures suitable to the local contexts and needs are key challenges for Bangladesh. Therefore, Local Adaptation Plans and Community Based Adaptation (CBA) involve the empowerment of vulnerable communities with knowledge and support to become more adaptive, protection measures for the displaced people or urban vulnerable community due to extreme and slow-onset climate events keeping with the relevant national and international policies/ initiatives. Protection and security of the community and the society from the climate change induced disasters will be intensified through the actions of this theme following suggested measures in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and the Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan (MCPP). ● Climate SMART Agriculture – Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate variability as crop require sustained ambient temperature for their growth, and abrupt heat or cold waves Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 13 hamper productivity. Disease outbreak are also highly sensitive to temperature and moisture content and severity varies across regions. To ameliorate such predicaments, adoption of Climate Smart agricultural practices and technologies such as construction of mini-pond in crop field, cultivation of less water loving crops in north and north-west drought prone areas; zero or minimum tillage technology for flood prone area; sarjan method cultivation for salinity prone area; floating garden method for flood and water-logged prone area and creating Climate Smart Villages where farming will be developed. Integrated farming services will reduce the pressure on land and administer certain level of environmental protection through effective recycling of waste from animal activities like poultry and duck rearing. On the other hand, fisheries, aquaculture and livestock management will ensure nutritional security. The Livestock sector is highly vulnerable to climate change due to disease outbreak, production loss, feed shortage. Thereby, to increase the resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture sector, development of stress tolerant varieties of crops, fodder, cattle and poultry and their effective extension; integrated farming; introducing climate smart technology and climate smart village; fisheries, aquaculture and livestock management along with climate smart health and feed management; gender inclusion is needed to ensure participatory planning and development. Adaptations devised in the NAP will be considered under this theme to ensure overall productivity of agriculture against climate change events. ● Sustainable Land and Water Management – Both water and land are widely used for agricultural and other economic activities. Approximately 70-80 percent of total fresh water used in Bangladesh is for irrigation purpose. Due to lack of sufficient knowledge and awareness, some farmers use excessive amount of water for irrigation, consequently hampering eco-system services. Integration of water valuation process can reduce the wastage of water to a great extent. In addition, land management is also crucial for achieving sustainability in agricultural production. It has also been addressed in 8th FYP that climatic and environmental factors such as water logging, depletion of groundwater and soil fertility, erosion, salinity along with increasing population and economic growth is creating pressures on agricultural land that ultimately lowers the production rate. Land degradation, loss of soil fertility, salinity intrusion, unavailability of water in drought prone areas and cyclone induced storm surges in south-western region discourages people in further engaging in farming activities and promote internal displacement for adopting diversified livelihood resulting in lack of man power in agriculture sector and declination of productivity. Bangladesh has already prepared national targets and action plans for achieving Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). The integrated land and water management approaches; different ways to implement BDP2100 for ensuring food security through water and land management; exploring the potentialities of marine fisheries and blue economy that will reduce the pressure on water resources; initiatives to promote water valuation and reduce land degradation; different Ecosystem based Adaptation, Community based Adaptation and different ways to tackle migration or internal displacement will be considered under this theme through aligning with 8th FYP while developing strategies and actions. ● Green Growth and Low Carbon Development – The Updated NDCs of Bangladesh has specified actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions following a low carbon development pathway. Bangladesh has committed to reducing greenhouse emissions from energy, agriculture, livestock and urban waste management along with the development of forestry resources and in this regard is exploring all avenues including mechanisms under Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change14 REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Agriculture and livestock sectors can be recognized as both a victim of and a contributor to climate change since it produces a substantial amount of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming and climate change. CH4 emissions from cultivated rice fields; N2O and CO2 emissions from Nitrogen-based fertilizer use; enteric fermentation of livestock; CH4 and N2O emissions from livestock manure management are four major sources of GHG emission from agriculture sector of Bangladesh. CH4 as a prime GHG is produced through anaerobic decomposition of organic material in flooded rice fields, through enteric fermentation process and through anaerobic decomposition of manure. Considerable amount of CH4 is also released from paddy fields depending on several factors such as climate, characteristics of soil, paddy and agricultural practices, particularly water regime. Additionally, the conversion of non-agricultural land such as forest into agricultural land also contributes to emission. However, aligning with 8th FYP and considering the above issues, focus will be given on low carbon development, Afforestation, reforestation and increasing tree cover areas, boosting crop productivity that emits less amount of GHG, reduction of emission from rice and paddy field, replacement of low yielding cattle with high yielding, climate smart health and feeding management, manure and livestock management, fertilizer management, increasing on farm energy efficiency, introduction of smart monitoring of emission under this theme. 2.1.2 Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Reduced forest coverage and degradation of environment intensifies climate change impacts. On the other hand, forest and environment are one of the major and integral part of the ECC sector that are under threat due to adverse impacts of climate change. The 8th FYP focuses on acting to mitigate the threat to environment and forest, which is also a major concern of this SAP. This theme is further divided into two sub themes – ● Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management – Due to the growing food demand, it has been observed that farmers are using excessive amounts of pesticides in the fields to increase the productivity, which ultimately deteriorates/depletes the nutrients of the soil and increase various types of plant diseases. The two most important environmental factors in the development of plant diseases epidemics are temperature and moisture, which are changing continuously as a result of climate change. Climate change also has a significant influence on the behavior of insects, as insects are cold-blooded organisms and are particularly sensitive to temperature changes. Through direct effects on the life cycle of insects, climate change can impact the distribution and severity of infestations of crops, in addition to indirect climatic effects on hosts, natural enemies, competitors, and insect pathogens. Thereby, integrated pest management can be explored to address the issues and region specific GIS mapping of plant and crop disease should be included in the process. Apart from identifying the disease, the resistivity of the host plants need to be increased so that they can avoid, tolerate or recover from the attacks of insects that will be considered in this theme. In spite of the continuous effort and noteworthy initiatives from GoB like shifting tannery industries from inside to outside of Dhaka, central ETP installation, adopted 3R strategy for waste management, strict and systematic solid waste collection and disposal system in city corporations and municipalities, regular river water quality monitoring, surface water clean-up drive, imposing strict enforcements and punishments through mobile court, several issues and challenges are still need to be addressed to get rid of environmental pollution. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 15 Changing citizen behavior and corporate social responsibilities for pollution control and waste management, management of solid, liquid and e-waste with zero discharge policy, managing hospital waste, hazardous and toxic waste, pollution from faeces, persistent organic pollutants (PoPs), faecal sludge management at local level, ensuring installing and functionalities of effluent treatment plants (ETPs), air quality improvement, proper monitoring of industrial pollution, enforcement of punishments to polluters, replacement of traditional brick kilns and rice parboiling units, halt open incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), storm water quality control, managing environmental risk to health etc. are major challenges under this theme which are considered to be addressed. Integration of “Polluters Pay” and “Beneficiary Pay” principle such as payment for ecosystem services will control the pollution occurring from industries, urban areas, agricultural waste, livestock waste will be included under this theme. However, different payment principles alone cannot control the situation until citizen behavior is changed and the polluters realize their responsibilities towards environment. This can be achieved by the extended producer responsibility approach, application of stringent environmental compliance and smart monitoring. Private sector can play an important role in activities related to pest and disease management and controlling pollution through providing plant protection advisory services to the farmers and promoting pest control methods in combination with chemical control, which will also be considered under this theme. ● Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management – Bangladesh has been divided into 30 agro-ecological zones and 88 sub-zones based on physiography, soil properties, soil salinity, depth and duration of flooding which are relevant for land use and for the assessment of agricultural potential. The general agro-ecological variations of Bangladesh range from below sea-level basins to small hills that are more or less exposed to climate change induced catastrophe and human activities, ultimately hampering the existing ecosystem services. On the other hand, forest and tress stabilize soil, prevent erosion, enhance lands capacity to store water, which eventually creates an enabling environment that is required for effective agricultural production together with safe living conditions for humans. But climate change induced rise in - sea levels and temperature, as well as increased incidence of storms and flooding will cause damage to forest resources and harm species sensitive to the climate. Forest, ecosystem and biodiversity management is one of the major and integral parts of ECC sector interventions for protecting forest dependent livelihood and income generation, maintaining ecosystem services and halting biodiversity loss/ degradation. The world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, is protecting millions of people’s life and property from recurrent storm surges, providing opportunities for alternative income generation activities, sequestrating carbon and providing many other ecosystem services. In addition, the large haor, beel and wetlands are providing many tangible and intangible benefits through diversified ecosystem services like flood control, crops production, fish production, rendering habitats for different species to conserve biodiversity, adding value to the recreational activities i.e. eco-tourism etc. These vast resources are vital for the economy and lifeline of the country. Hence, this theme urges to take strategic actions for natural resource management attributed from forest and its ecosystem, protecting and conserving Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs), management of land and wetlands ecosystem, conservation of biodiversity and its habitat, reducing wild life crime, utilization of smart technologies for Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change16 wild life and biodiversity management, expansion of forest coverage and greenbelt creation and maintenance, REDD+ mechanism, hill forest management and research on indigenous species etc. Additionally, priority is needed to be given on expanding social forestry and urban forestry, promoting Nature based Solutions (NbS), ecological risk assessment for ecosystems, managing wetlands for sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and other ecosystem services and promoting IT for ensuring precision agricultural under this theme. 2.1.3 Cross Cutting Issues ECC sector has a wide a scope to contribute in many other sectors to boost up the resilience of the country against climate change as it is cross cutting. Climate change is directly related to water resources management, agriculture and disaster risk reduction. Thereby strengthening the coordination among the line ministries and agencies is highly required and the possible ways of increasing the coordination among the line ministries and agencies along with other important aspects regarding the cross-cutting issues like harnessing international funds, Institutional governance, promotion of knowledge sharing and capacity development, encouraging research and innovative activities, Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols will be discussed within this broad theme – ● Enhanced Financing – It has been recognized in the 8th FYP that agricultural research has been a neglected area with low budgetary allocation and comparatively lower research and financial facilities for the scientists. Though uses of technology in agriculture sector have substantially increased in recent years, still there prevails resource scarcity, which limits the scope of institutions within the government to support a comprehensive set of activities for sound environmental management, particularly that ensures agricultural sustainability and execute climate change adaptation programs. Thereby, with a view to enhancing the finance for ECC, GoB has prioritized some initiatives in the 8th FYP. These initiatives include sustainable fund harness and mobilization of GCF and other available funds; regular mobilization and increased monitoring of BCCT fund utilization; promoting financing solutions; fund harness and mobilization for NbS from Environment and Biodiversity Fund; establishment of Delta Fund that will also be explored under this theme. ● Institutions and Governance – Prevailing lack of coordination and proper institutional arrangement hinder the emergence of institutions and policies that GoB has introduced to address the environmental challenges that the country is facing. It is also recognized in the 8th FYP that inadequate coordination between the MoEFCC and the other key ministries have undermined the state of environment management. In accordance to enhancing the institutional coordination and overall governance of Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFRs); inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial coordination; increased coordination of MoEFCC with LGIs; establishment of Delta wing; establishment of Water and Sanitation Regulatory Agency (WARSA); decentralized environmental management; strengthening Governance and increased partnerships with CSOs and NGOs will be promulgated under this theme. ● Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols – On behalf of the GoB, MoEFCC is responsible for carrying out the compliance and obligations under different Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and UN conventions and protocols. There are a set of targets or actions plans that need to be implemented to satisfy these compliances and obligations. Under this theme, a set of actions to facilitate these compliances and obligations will be included. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 17 ● Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Development – Research, innovation and capacity development is a continuous and gradual process to be integrated throughout the planning period. ECC related knowledge generation through research and publications, management of knowledge through proper database, Management Information System (MIS), digital library and inventory innovative technology and transfer of technology, capacity development of institutions and skill development of officials, training or awareness building programs for community, improvement of training facilities, shared knowledge generation and management etc. are key issues that need to be focused. A lack of knowledge and inadequate capacity to address environmental challenges exist in the current system. In the 8th FYP, it was acknowledged that MoEFCC, and its main agency for environmental management, the Department of Environment (DoE), have inadequate capacities, technical knowledge and staffing due to very limited resources availability. Thereby initiatives under this theme will promote the following – a) Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFRs); b) technology transfer through CTCN and JCM; c) biosafety measures implementation; d) research on innovation on environment and climate change; e) proper knowledge management through ensuring knowledge generation, sharing, communication and utilization; f) improved coordination and knowledge sharing at local levels; g) establishment of Delta Knowledge Hub and Delta Coalition and finally sensitize LGIs about climate change. 2.2 Risk and Vulnerabilities 2.2.1 Environmental Hazards Waste pollution Increasing solid wastes in urban areas are of major concern with the growing population of Bangladesh. The total volume of municipal solid wastes in urban areas of Bangladesh is approximately 23,688 tons/ day generated by a total of 41.94 million urban population and averaging 0.56 kg/capita/day waste generation rate in 2014 (Waste Concern, 2014). According to DoE (2010), the rate of waste collection in other major cities ranges from 44.3% to 76.47% of total municipal waste (43.5% for Dhaka City), leaving huge amounts uncollected and untreated. Recent statistics from Dhaka North City Corporation shows improvement in waste collection to 80% (DNCC, 2020). The amount of municipal waste will grow up to 47,000 tons/day (0.82 kg per capita per day) by 2025 (Waste Concern, 2014). The majority of urban waste is from food waste (77.7%), followed by plastics (7.3%), paper (4.8%), wood (2.7%), fabric (2.56%), e-waste (0.64%), metal (0.44%) and others (3.74%) (Waste Concern, 2014). This ratio of wastes is changing in recent times with increases in shares of plastics and e-wastes. Current solid waste management facilities include inadequate collection system and uncontrolled landfilling except for the sanitary landfill at Matuail and Amin Bazar site in Dhaka. It should be noted that, treatment, recycling and disposal of hazardous waste is still of serious concern for Bangladesh. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change18 Sound pollution Noise pollution has become a significant problem in divisional headquarters of Bangladesh where sound levels are far beyond the acceptable level for the human ear. Road, rail, and air traffic, industry, construction, hydraulic horns etc. are the major sources of sound pollution. Frequent long-term exposure to high levels of noise reduces hearing, causes cardiovascular diseases, sleep disturbance, annoyance and occupational health hazards. Dhaka city has one of the highest population densities in the world and in busy areas, the average sound level is 80-110dB, which is far beyond human tolerance levels (60dB). Previous studies also found that 500-1,000 vehicles honk at the same time when stuck in traffic in Dhaka. According to Noise Pollution (Control) Rules 2006, the acceptable sound limit in Bangladesh is as described in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Acceptable Sound Limit in Bangladesh Areas Sound limit (Night-Day) Residential areas 45dB-55dB Educational institutions, hospitals, place of worship 40dB-50dB Public areas 60dB-70dB Commercial or industrial areas 70dB-75dB Table 2.2 shows the noise level ranges in the divisional headquarters of Bangladesh. The table shows that, the highest noise levels in the cities are far beyond acceptable limits. Table 2.2: Noise Levels in Divisional Headquarters of Bangladesh City Noise Levels Dhaka 43.5-135.6 dB Chattogram 41.9-132.1 dB Sylhet 42.2-130.6 dB Khulna 40.6-133.2 dB Barisal 44.5-133.8 dB Rangpur 37.3-130.1 dB Rajshahi 44.2-134.4 dB Mymensingh 47.0-130.7 dB Source: Report on Noise, DoE (2017) Land degradation Land degradation is a special challenge for Bangladesh especially because it is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The per-capita availability of arable land is gradually declining. The present availability of net cultivable land is only 15 decimals per person in Bangladesh. Waterlogging, salinity encroachment, landslides, soil erosion etc. are the natural factors of land degradation. Cropping pattern, infrastructure construction, industrialization, solid waste disposal is also responsible for land degradation. Major causes of land degradation include soil erosion, water pollution, river bank erosion, coastal salinization, soil pollution, acid sulphate soil, acidification, water logging, depletion of soil fertility, sedimentation, deforestation etc. In the North-Western parts of Bangladesh, there are about 50,000 km2 of lands below the threshold for sustainable land management. In this area, the average change of cropland to other uses is nearly 690 km2 during 2000-2010.This change is causing organic matter depletion. In this area about 5,000 km2 (<10% of total national degraded area) of land Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 19 is also projected to decline in productivity (DoE, 2019). According to SRDI (2012) out of 2.86 million hectares of coastal and offshore lands, about 1.056 million hectares of arable lands (~37%) are affected by varying degrees of salinity. Around 97,147 hectares of land are affected by water logging and 8.36 million hectares of arable land are affected by acidification in Bangladesh (SRDI, 2020). The average rate of soil erosion in Bangladesh was between 7-120 tons/ha/year (Banglapedia, 2015). All of these factors are resulting in land degradation. Urban air pollution Urban air environment in major cities of Bangladesh is one the most polluted in the world. Air pollution can cause chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Outdoor air pollution causes 4.2 million premature deaths (29% of all deaths and disease from lung cancer, 17% of all deaths and disease from acute lower respiratory infection, 24% of all deaths from stroke, 25% of all deaths and disease from ischemic heart disease, 43% of all deaths and disease from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) around the world (GED 2020). The use of fossil fuel for energy, emissions from industrial plants, especially brick kilns; emissions from transport vehicles without adequate emission control mechanisms, and gaseous releases from the improper treatment and disposal of solid and liquid wastes are the main factors contributing to outdoor air pollution. The two major air quality parameters to identify the level of air pollution are PM2.5 and PM10. According to the annual report 2017-2018 of DoE, although the other indicators of pollution were within the limit, these two parameters have exceeded the permissible limit by a large margin. The main reason behind this is the number of industries, brick kilns and volume of traffic in that area. The permissible limit of average PM10 and PM2.5 is 100 and 50 μg/m3 respectively. For heavily industrialized, densely populated areas like Dhaka, Gazipur and Narayanganj PM10 varied in the range of 150 to 220 μg/m3 and PM2.5 varied in the range of 80 to 90 μg/m3 in 2017(DoE,2017). In 2020, PM10 in these cities, varies in the range of 154 to 312 μg/m3 and PM2.5 varies in the range of 107 to 210 μg/m3. In 2021-2022, PM2.5 varies in the range of 50 to 350 μg/m3 in Dhaka city during most period (annual report 2021-2022, DoE, 2022). The air pollution reaches higher values during winter/ dry periods (October-March) and remains below 100 μg/m3 during wet season (April-September). The Air Quality Index (AQI) value of 100 or below is considered as healthy. According to Annual report of DoE (2022), in Dhaka, AQI was more than 100 for 82% days in 2021-22. Similar situation was also present in Mymensingh (93%), Rangpur (83%), and Rajshahi (73%). Every year, the situation gets worse and the air quality is tremendously deteriorating during the dry period (November to March). Water Pollution Water pollution in Bangladesh mostly occurs due to industrial discharges, municipal wastes, agrochemicals, salinity intrusion and arsenic contamination. These have severely undermined the quality of the rivers over the years. Table 2.3 presents the water quality situation in the major rivers of Bangladesh. Table 2.3: Water Quality Status for Some Important Rivers of Bangladesh (2020) River pH DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) Padma 7.52-7.66 7.0-7.5 2.1 - 50 Karnafuli 6.73-8.5 0.78-8.48 4.0-49 Surma 5.8-9.5 6.03-8.94 1.4-4.0 Buriganga 6.5-7.79 0.0-5.79 3.0-56 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change20 River pH DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) Turag 6.88-7.79 0.0-5.56 4.4-62 Balu 6.96-8.61 0.0-6.32 2.0-76 Shitalakhya 6.88-7.82 0.0-4.8 6.0-49 Karatoa 7.44-7.66 0.78-7.82 2.0-6.3 Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for fisheries 6.5-8.5 ≥5 mg/l ≤6 mg/l Source: Department of Environment, 2022, Annual Report 2021-22 Growing industrialization is the key reason behind serious degradation of river water quality over the years. In the dry season, the overall inland surface water quality drops below the permissible limit of Department of Environment (DoE) standards. However, it improves in the wet/monsoon season slightly. Being the capital, Dhaka City and its surrounding areas consisting of major economic hubs, is heavily industrialized with lots of tanneries, fabric dying industries, apparel washing and chemical processing industries, plastic industries, etc. These industrial areas are mostly contributing to the degradation of river water quality. The major rivers surrounding Dhaka Buriganga, Turag, Shitalakhya and Balu have degraded at a rapid rate over the years. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of these rivers are very low and the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels are at very high level and is very damaging for the ecosystem and environment. Other water quality parameters like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were within the permissible limit for the major rivers but the limits largely exceeded for the rivers around Dhaka city. The water quality in the Karnafuli, karatoa and Surma River is also deteriorating with increasing industrialization along the river banks. However, the river water quality of the north-eastern region is mostly within water quality standards. The rivers, khals and water bodies around the industrial regions are heavily polluted due to uncontrolled disposal of solid/ liquid wastes and heavy metals. The environmental law enforcement was not strict in the past, and this has resulted in the present degradation of water quality. But at present, various initiatives are ongoing in relevant ministries and agencies to enforce the environmental laws and ensure quality of industrial wastewater discharge. Overuse of groundwater Overuse of groundwater causes decline of groundwater table. Both the pre-monsoon and post monsoon groundwater tables have declined gradually, because of overexploitation of groundwater. In case of Dhaka city, this decline has been very rapid. Groundwater level fluctuates between 5 to 15 meters below ground level in intensively irrigated areas, in some places during peak dry season irrigation, it even goes down to 23 meters. Groundwater levels have fallen to 80 m below ground level in the central part of Dhaka city (GED 2018). This has happened because about 85% of the water supply in this city depends on groundwater. The explosive growth of the number of tube wells for drinking water supply is a major reason for this issue (GED 2018). Impact of industries in residential areas In the major metropolitan cities of Bangladesh, many industries are established in residential areas. Industrial sites cause several negative externalities, such as traffic noise disturbance, congestion, and obstruction of view. Industries are directly or indirectly connected with biophysical ecosystems as they largely depend on ecosystem resources. Socio-ecological problems are created when industries conflictingly interact with local ecosystems (nearby rivers, wetlands, lakes, forests etc.). Untreated Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 21 industrial effluents cause serious degradation of the three components of the natural environment — air, water and soil, and has resulted in adverse consequences for human health and economy of our country. For example, Chowdhury et al., (2020) has reported that polluted river water around Dhaka causes yield reduction up to 27% for rice and 38% for cabbage compared to freshwater. Water quality of many other rivers have been affected by the nearby industrial effluent, fertilizer and pesticide overuse etc. 2.2.2 Natural Disasters River bank erosion Every year, a significant portion of fertile lands and settlements are being lost due to river bank erosion. The major rivers form islands or chars between their braiding channels. Many of these chars are inhabited. They are extremely sensitive to changes in the river conditions and move with the river flow. Accretion compensates for the erosion processes, but these are very unpredictable. Every year in Bangladesh, around 10,000 hectares of land is eroded by rivers (NWMP, 2001). In the erosion prone area along the Jamuna River, the districts Kurigram, Gaibandha, Jamalpur, Bogra, Sirajganj, Tangail, Pabna and Manikganj are more vulnerable. Along the left bank, the erosion of total area and settlement is higher compared to that of the right bank. These are the districts of Rajbari, Faridpur, Manikganj, Dhaka, Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Chandpur along the Padma River. According to CEGIS estimates, between 1973 and 2021, erosion along the Jamuna River was 93,965 ha and accretion was 14,545 ha. During this period, erosion along the Ganges River was 30,300 ha while accretion was 29,100 ha. On the other hand, along the Padma River, erosion was 33,585 ha and accretion were 5,485 ha respectively. Earthquake Bangladesh is situated at the juncture of several active tectonic plate boundaries and it sits on the world’s largest river delta close to sea level, facing both the risk posed by a quake and tsunamis and flooding in the quake’s aftermath. Since 2003 to 2017, 3 major earthquakes occurred in Nepal, India, Myanmar and Tripura. Large numbers of people felt the tremors in Bangladesh while these earthquakes occurred and there were several causalities. The number of earthquakes has been increasing significantly over the last 20 years. According to Geological Survey of Bangladesh, the country has experienced at least 465 earthquakes of minor-to-moderate magnitudes between 1971 and 2006 (Islam et al., 2016). The MRVAM study (2015) showed that, major seismic risk is coming from the Dauki fault that affects the nearby areas of Sylhet and Mymensingh. The cities of Bogra, Mymensingh, and Rangpur face the greatest seismic hazard in Bangladesh. Dhaka is within the zone of impact for this. Overall, the general consensus is that rapid urbanization of Bangladesh has created a greater vulnerability to seismic events because urban planning and preparedness of the essential services have not been at par with the risks, at all. 2.2.3 Climatic Hazards and Impacts Rising temperatures and Rainfall Variability The Sixth Assessment Report of the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) reports a rise in temperature of 0.99°C during 2001-2020 with respect to 1850-1900. Global surface temperature was 1.09°C higher in 2011– 2020 than 1850–1900, with larger increases over land (1.59°C) than over the ocean (0.88°C). For the future, the IPCC projected global warming for 2046-2065 range from 1.0 to 1.4°C whereas it ranges from 1.0 to 3.7°C for the period 2081-2100. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change22 Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods and droughts, more intense tropical cyclones, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification are the results of climate change in Bangladesh and these are causing serious negative impacts on lives and livelihoods of millions, and gradually putting negative footprint on socio-economic development of Bangladesh. An ADB study projected that, Bangladesh is likely to face 2.0% loss of annual GDP by 2050 and more than 9% of GDP by 2100 under business-as-usual scenario (Ahmed and Suphachalasai, 2014). According to IPCC, Bangladesh would experience a net increase in poverty of approximately 15% by 2030 (IPCC, 2014) due to the impacts of climate change. Based on IPCC AR6 based downscaling model results, the region-wise annual changes in temperature and rainfall during 2030s and 2050s under low (SSP1-2.6) and high (SSP5-8.5) emission climate scenario are prepared by CEGIS (2021) and presented in the following tables. Table 2.4: Projected Annual Surface Warming (°C) in Maximum Temperature Hydrological Region Base*(°C) SSP1-2.6 SSP5-8.5 1981-2010 2030s 2050s 2030s 2050s North West (NW) 29.52 0.63 1.41 0.08 1.75 North Central (NC) 29.51 0.71 1.39 0.31 1.82 North East (NE) 28.79 0.74 1.36 0.42 1.91 South West (SW) 30.00 0.55 1.20 0.14 1.56 South Central (SC) 29.25 0.66 1.27 0.31 1.65 South East (SE) 28.68 0.67 1.28 0.32 1.69 Eastern Hills (EH) 27.99 0.65 1.19 0.40 1.79 Bangladesh (BD) 29.11 0.65 1.29 0.27 1.72 *Regional/ Country Average (Source: CEGIS, 2021) Table 2.5: Projected Annual Surface Warming (°C) in Minimum Temperature Hydrological Region Base*(°C) SSP1-2.6 SSP5-8.5 1981-2010 2030s 2050s 1981-2010 2030s North West (NW) 20.25 0.80 1.49 0.65 2.37 North Central (NC) 20.68 0.78 1.46 0.69 2.32 North East (NE) 20.10 0.89 1.59 0.84 2.52 South West (SW) 21.57 0.73 1.41 0.61 2.25 South Central (SC) 22.21 0.67 1.32 0.58 2.11 South East (SE) 22.14 0.71 1.32 0.64 2.18 Eastern Hills (EH) 22.98 0.71 1.25 0.65 2.14 Bangladesh (BD) 21.58 0.74 1.38 0.65 2.24 * Regional/ Country Average (Source: CEGIS, 2021) Table 2.6: Projected Annual Change (%) in Rainfall Hydrological Region Base*(mm) SSP1-2.6 SSP5-8.5 1981-2010 2030s 2050s 1981-2010 2030s North West (NW) 1958 1.50 3.24 5.04 5.61 North Central (NC) 2239 -0.40 1.03 1.08 3.04 North East (NE) 3653 -1.81 -0.82 -1.35 0.61 South West (SW) 1826 0.68 4.05 1.11 3.95 Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 23 Hydrological Region Base*(mm) SSP1-2.6 SSP5-8.5 1981-2010 2030s 2050s 1981-2010 2030s South Central (SC) 2380 -0.42 2.34 0.39 3.12 South East (SE) 2925 -0.29 2.23 0.24 3.10 Eastern Hills (EH) 3527 0.21 2.28 1.37 3.12 Bangladesh (BD) 2579 0.12 2.38 1.41 3.50 * Regional/ Country Average (Source: CEGIS, 2021) The tables show that, both maximum and minimum temperature is rising in all regions in the future in Bangladesh. The annual warming is much higher during mid-century and some regions will face more intense changes during summer. The rainfall pattern is going to be more variable and erratic in the future. There is an indication that, pre monsoon and monsoon rainfall will increase. On annual basis, the rainfall is expected to increase in most regions except NE. Under the high emission scenario (SSP5 8.5), as temperature rise will be higher, and more erratic behaviour of rainfall along with changes in rainfall amounts is expected. These basic changes in the climate in future will aggravate the climate induced disasters and hazards. Flood Flood is a recurrent phenomenon of Bangladesh that occurs in almost every other year, if not every year. Each year in Bangladesh about 26,000 square kilometres (around 18% of the country) is flooded; which rises up to 55 percent to 67 percent during severe and catastrophic flood events respectively (MoWR, 2015). These flood events take heavy toll on the people of Bangladesh including death, loss of properties and livestock, loss of agricultural resources etc. The floods of 1987, 1988, 1998, 2004 and 2007 are the major floods that occurred in our country. In 1987, the major parts of Bangladesh received heavy rainfall and about 39% of the country was inundated. In 1988, a devastating flood occurred in Bangladesh, inundating 61% area. In 1987, the magnitude of flooding was associated with high rainfall within the country, while in 1988 it was associated with heavy rainfall in the upper catchments outside the country. During the 1988 floods, embankments of 1990 km (17.5%), irrigation canals/drainage channels of 283 km (5.3%), 1465 (10%) structures, protection works of 265 km (24.8%) of BWDB were partially or fully damaged. In April 2004, due to heavy rainfall from 11 April in the Meghna basin, flash floods occurred in the north-eastern region causing record damage to Boro crops in Sunamganj, Sylhet and Habiganj. During the month of July 2004, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna basins experienced 30% and 42% higher rainfall than their monthly normal and out of 86 water level monitoring points of BWDB, 35 points crossed the danger level. During the 2004 floods embankments of 3158 km (27.7%), irrigation canals/drainage channels of 341 km (6.4%), 562 number of structures (3.8%) and protection works of 178 km (16.6%) partially or fully damaged. In August 2007, the flood mainly occurred in north west region inundating around 42% area of the country and the death toll was around 405. The increase of monsoon precipitation over Bangladesh and increase of the same in the adjacent region of sub Himalayan west Bengal, Sikkim and gangetic west Bengal have increased the vulnerability of the country to severe floods. The magnitude and frequency of mega floods is increasing due to climate change, human causes like construction of dam in upper riparian countries, unplanned urbanization in illegally encroached floodplains, lack of combination of structural and non-structural measures etc. – and all these are aggravating the situation. The estimated damage due to flood events of 1988, 1998, 2004, 2007 and 2017 were US$1.2, US$ 2.8, US$ 6.6, US$1 and US$0.9 billion respectively. The flood of 2020 has been an alarming event for the Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change24 country where around 5 million people were affected and 41 people lost their lives. In addition to that, evidently, frequency and magnitude of flood events have also increased as a consequence of climate change. During 1960-1985, only 1 mega flood event occurred; whereas 8 mega flood events took place in last 35 years (1986-2020). On top of that, future climate change may incur additional 5-10% flood inundation in terms of area, as the future rainfall is increasing along with its distribution. Other man-made causes like construction of dams in upper riparian countries, unplanned urbanization in illegally encroached floodplains, lack of combination of structural and non-structural measures etc. are aggravating the situation. Flash Floods In the eastern and northern hilly regions, flash floods occur. Flash floods generally have high velocities and a rapid increase in water levels but also have a relatively short duration. At local levels, this makes them very destructive. Due to flash floods, the people living in the haor and adjoining haor areas are the most affected population and most of them live below the poverty level. This causes more distress among the flood affected people. Mostly in the haor area, about 55% of Boro crop area is highly vulnerable due to flash floods. At the districts of Brahmanbaria and Habiganj, about 20% of Boro crop area is moderately vulnerable and in the Netrokona and Kishoreganj districts 25% of Boro crop area is less vulnerable due to flash flood. Flash floods occurred in the north-eastern region of the country causing record damage to Boro crops in Sunamganj, Sylhet and Habiganj, in April 2004, due to heavy rainfall from 11th April in the Meghna basin. For 2 to 10 days, the Surma River at Kanaighat and Sylhet, the Kushiyara River at Amalshid and Sheola, the Manu River at Manu Railway Bridge and the Khowai at Habiganj peaked above the danger level. More than 15% of the lands at several Haor districts were flooded by flash flood events in 2006, 2007, 2010 and 2015 (CEGIS, 2017). Flood flash event of 2017 was the most devastating, damaging roads and embankments, pre-mature Boro crops in six Haor districts worth 13,000 crore Taka which posed a serious threat for the overall food security of the country. Separate instances of flooding occurred in 2020 and damaged crops. Drought Agricultural droughts occur in Bangladesh, which are also termed as severe moisture stress. As a major water deficiency related issue, the occurrences of drought, is the most severe in the North-west region (WARPO, 2001). This area has the lowest average annual rainfall in the country. Due to the combined effect of presence of soils with low moisture holding capacity (<200 mm available moisture), increasing number of dry days (precipitation <0.5 PET) and occurrence of extreme summer temperature of more than 40°C, the drought situation of the area becomes extremely severe during April-May. Nineteen droughts occurred in Bangladesh between 1960 and 1991. The average occurrence of drought in the country is once in 2.5 years. Bangladesh experienced severe droughts in the year of 1951, 1957, 1961, 1972, 1976, 1979, 1989 and 1997. A rise of temperature by 0.016 °C/year, 0.02 °C/year and 0.012 °C/ year for mean annual temperature, mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature respectively was seen from analysis on the data of BMD over a 32-year period from 1977 to 2008. Statistically rising trend was found in 19 stations out of 31 stations for mean annual temperature. A rising trend was found for 17 stations out of 31 stations for minimum and maximum temperature. The ten most drought affected upazilas in Bangladesh are: Niamatpur, Porsha, Patnitala and Sapahar in Naogaon, Tanore in Rajshahi, Nachole and Shibganj in Chapai Nawabganj, Baliadangi in Thakurgaon, Hakimpur in Dinajpur and Panchbibi in Joypurhat. A 2015 study assessed climate change induced drought impact on crop yield for some selected crops – BR11 (Transplanted Aman), BR14 (Boro Rice), and BR29 (Boro rice) in years 2030 and 2050. With respect to base condition (1979-2008) for BR11 and Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 25 BR14, there was an overall decrease in production ranging from less than 10% to greater than 40%, while for BR29, the range of reduction is from less than 10% to 30-40%. Changes in temperature and precipitation affects the occurrence of droughts, which in turn affects food security in the country. So, climate change plays a huge role in this regard. Sea level rise One of the most important impacts of climate change for Bangladesh, is sea level rise, due to which, the coastal region is facing salinity intrusion, land degradation, severe water logging, crop damage, scarcity of drinking water etc. Sea level rise is caused by global warming which affects two main processes. First of all, higher ocean water temperature causes thermal expansion and secondly, atmospheric warming results in the melting of land ice. According to IPCC AR6, global mean sea level has risen by 0.2 m between 1901 and 2018. The average rate of sea level rise was 1.3 mm/yr between 1901 and 1971, increasing to 1.9 mm/yr between 1971 and 2006, and further increasing to 3.7 mm/yr between 2006 and 2018. A recent study of DoE (2016) has found that the overall trend of sea level rise in the coastal area of Bangladesh is 6-20 mm/year. The trend is much higher in the Chattogram coastal plain area than the Ganges and Meghna subzones. Sea level rise in Bangladesh is slightly higher than global average mean. By 2050 sea level rise could be up to 4 cm higher than global mean and by the end of the century up to 10 cm. Ingress of salinity in coastal areas The average salinity concentrations of the rivers in the coastal area are higher in the dry season than in the monsoon because of lack of freshwater flow from upstream. Salinity level generally increases almost linearly from October to late May with the gradual reduction of freshwater flow from the upstream. Observation of salinity shows an increase of salinity in Khulna from 0.7 ppt to 16.8 ppt in the Rupsa River from 1962 to 2011 (50 years). The levels of river salinity in the adjacent south-central and south east coastal zones remain low. The low salinity (0 to 2 ppt) level in the south-central zone, i.e., in much of the Barisal area for the whole year, results from the significant volume of freshwater flow from the Padma River and the Lower Meghna River through the Arial khan, Buriswar, and Bishkhali Rivers. The problem of river salinity is most severe in the southwest zone. Salinity intrusion reduces the freshwater area that results in decrease of agricultural production in many parts of the coastal zone, especially the Khulna region and the extreme south of the Patuakhali region, and locally in the Noakhali and Chittagong regions. Climate change will significantly increase river salinity during dry season by 2050. According to studies, 19.3% of Khulna Division would be exposed to salinity concentration greater than 1 ppt. This means decreases of fresh water availability in the river system due to future climate change. 13.5% area is likely to be affected for shortage of irrigation water due to increase of salinity in the coastal regions. Soil salinity map for the period of 1973, 2000 and 2009 produced by Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) shows that severity of soil salinity has been increasing in Jashore, Magura, Narail, Faridpur, Gopalganj and Jhalokati over last 24 years. Storm surge and cyclone The entire southern boundary of Bangladesh is exposed to the Bay of Bengal and eventually to the Indian Ocean. During the period 1961-2013, a total 61 tropical cyclones hit Bangladesh and its close neighbouring territories with a range of 1.5 to 10m high storm surges. The cyclone that hit greater Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change26 Barisal in 1970 caused nearly 300,000 deaths. However, the one with almost the same severity in terms of wind speed hit in 2007 (the SIDR) took lives of nearby 3,406 people. This is credited briefly to a combination of these factors: improved cyclone warnings, more cyclone shelters, awareness building, and highly developed disaster risk management capabilities. Cyclone “Amphan” occurred in 2020 and affected more than a million people in 26 districts (including the most severely affected districts of Satkhira, Bagerhat and Patuakhali). More than 26 people were killed; 55,667 houses, 149,000 ha agricultural lands, 180,500 hatcheries, a total of 150 kms of embankments, 200 bridges and culverts, 100 km of roads were damaged causing a total loss of BDT 11 billion (IFRC, 2020). Strom surges with 10 m height hit Bangladesh coast once in 20 years and storm surges with 7m height hit Bangladesh coast once in 10 years. Previous records indicate that the greatest damage during cyclones has resulted from the inundation caused by cyclone-induced storm surges. Though time series records of storm-surge height are scarce, existing literature indicates a 1.5 m to 9 m height range during various severe cyclones. 2.3 Stakeholder Mapping A total of 209 stakeholders have been identified through internal consultations, brainstorming sessions and KIIs. For the convenience of the whole process, these stakeholders have been categorized into seven categories that are mentioned below: ● Ministries ● Departments ● Research Institutes and Academia ● NGO ● INGO ● CSO ● Development Partners ● Private Sector After identifying and categorizing the stakeholders, assessment was done to identify their Level of Influence, Impact and Level of Support in the ECC sector. Based on the outcome of this analysis, a power map has been prepared to highlight which stakeholders are powerful or influential in ECC sector. The level of influence of the stakeholders is crucial to understand their influence in decision making from the perspective of the ECC sector. Likewise, the criteria ‘impact’ will guide the SAP by giving an analytical overview of these stakeholders regarding their impact on the community or society regarding climate change-related vulnerability reduction. The criteria ‘Current Level of Support’ tries to identify the level of cooperation among stakeholders (both government or others) in their ECC related operations. The detailed assessment criteria are as follows: Level of Influence Impact Current Level of Support 1 = No decision-making authority or Influence 2 = Some influence but not critical 3 = influence but no decision authority 4 = Medium level decisions and influences decisions 5 = Key decisions and critical in influencing 1 = Very low 2 = Low 3 = Medium 4 = High 5 = Very high 1 = Negative 2 = Resistant 3 = Compliant 4 = Interested 5 = Positive Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 27 Depending on the category, stakeholders may have varying responsibility, power/influence, and impact, which suggests different ways to deal with these stakeholders. Stakeholders with high power/ influence and low impact must be considered sincerely due to their high level of influence/power by informing them and inviting them in collaboration. Those with low interest and low power shall be only involved with minimum effort. A stakeholder with low power but high interest shall be kept informed and involved (if possible). Finally, the high influence/power, high-interest stakeholders shall be closely involved and informed. The outcome of the whole process is five power maps that are explained below: 2.3.1 Power Map 1: Ministries and Departments Ministries are the top tier stakeholders in ECC related activities. Departments under the ministries work closely with them. So, a power map (Figure 2.2) containing departments and ministries has been prepared to understand their power or influence. The most influential/ powerful ministries for the ECC sector are the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and all the agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the relevant agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL) and the relevant agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) and the relevant agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Land (MoL) and the relevant agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) and the relevant agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MoLGRD) and the relevant agencies under the ministry; Ministry of Finance (MoF) and the relevant agencies (e.g., IDCOL) under the ministry and Ministry of Planning (MoP) etc. Moreover, departments such as BWDB, BRDB, DoF, DoE, BCCT, DLS, DAE, LGED, WARPO, BRRI, BARI, BARC, BFCF, FD and PKSF, BIDS, etc. have been identified as stakeholders with high impact and support while having less influence/power in ECC sector than the ministries. Figure 2.2: Power Map of Ministries and Departments 2.3.2 Power Map 2: NGO, INGO and CSO As NGOs, INGOs, and CSOs work closely, in some cases conduct, fulfil, or observe similar responsibilities, they are kept in the same power map (Figure 2.3). NGO and INGOs such as CIRDAP, BRAC, IUCN, CARE, Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change28 CCDB, USAID, RDRS, NACOM, BCAS, UKAID and Embassy of the Kingdom of Netherlands, etc. have high influence/power, impact, and support in ECC sector. In contrast, there are so many organizations with a lower power/influence with different level of impact and supports in the ECC sector. CSOs such as Bangladesh Environment, Health and Education Program (BEHEP), Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA), Environment Concern Foundation, Environment & Social Development Organization etc., has a comparatively lower level of power/influence with a medium level of influence and compliant in supporting or interested. Figure 2.3: Power Map of NGO, INGO and CSO 2.3.3 Power Map 3: Research Institutes and Academia All the stakeholders under this category have a positive level of support with a high to medium level of impact. The power/influence, however, varied. For example, BUET, BAU, SBAU, IWM, CEGIS, SAU, SRDI, BSMRAU, CPRD, C3ER, CPD and ICCCAD etc., have been identified as the most influential or powerful stakeholders in ECC sector. The Figure 2.4 shows the associated power map. Figure 2.4: Power Map of Research Institutes and Academia Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 29 Figure 2.5: Power Map of Development Partners 2.3.4 Power Map 4: Development Partners Development partners such as the World Bank, GCF, SIDA, FAO, FCDO, ADB, UNDP, IFAD, IFC, EU, USAID, KFW, WFP etc. have been identified as the most influential ones from the stakeholder’s list (Figure 2.5). They have a high level of impact and support. While development partners like JICA, GIZ, CIDA, IOM, UNW, WHO and UNH, etc., have comparatively low influence and a high level of impact and interest in support. 2.3.5 Power Map 5: Private Sector The Government has taken initiatives to ensure that ministries, department, agencies build relationships with the private sector, NGOs, and the research community in the areas of monitoring compliance and knowledge management, including data collection and policy research during the tenure of 8th FYP. Among an enormous list of private sector stakeholders, focus has been given on agriculture, water and land management as well as environment and climate change while shortlisting the stakeholders of private sector (Figure 2.6). Private sector stakeholders such as Abdul Monem Group, ACI Ltd., Walton Group, BRAC Seed and Agro Enterprise, Bashundhara Group, Square Group, Lal Teer Seed Ltd., etc. have been identified as the most influential ones from the stakeholder’s list. They have a high level of impact and support. Stakeholders like BRAC Bank Ltd, Southeast Bank Ltd., the City Group also have a high level of support but their level of impact is medium. In contrast to that, Kazi Agro, Nilshagor Group, Tanzan Agro Ltd. etc. have comparatively low influence and a medium to low level of impact and interest in support. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change30 Figure 2.6: Power Map of Private Sector Chapter 3 Assessment of Priority Area for Sector Actions Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 33 Chapter 3: Assessment of Priority Area for Sector Actions 3.1 National Policy Landscape of ECC Sector A large number of policies, legislations, plans or strategic documents are already present in Bangladesh, which directly or indirectly are aligned with the different thematic boundaries of this plan. A total of 130 latest policy documents till 2022 have been reviewed to understand the alignment of the policy documents with the objectives of this SAP ECC (presented in Annex-1). These documents cover legislation, policies, plans and strategies. This reflects gaps or future needs to address or integrate in some of the relevant policy documents through necessary reforms or update to accommodate various important, emerging and cross cutting agenda of this plan. 3.2 Achievements of Past Initiatives Due to being highly vulnerable to climate change, the government has recognized that noteworthy initiatives to tackle the adverse effects of climate change are in dire need for the continuation of the current growth pace. In this context, Bangladesh government has started to take significant initiatives since 2008 which include preparation of NAPA, formulation of BCCSAP and its implementation, development of Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) and Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), initiation of NAP process, selection of NDA, submission of INDC and NDC update, formulation of Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 etc. Apart from developing plans and policies considering climate change adverse impacts, GoB has also given emphasis on agriculture sector to address the climatic effects on the production and ensure food security. As water and land have linkages on agriculture production, some noteworthy initiatives have also been taken by GoB addressing climate induced stresses on water and land. A brief discussion is presented in Table 3.1 on the past initiatives so far taken in Bangladesh focusing on ECC sector: Table 3.1: Past Initiatives in Bangladesh Related to ECC Sector Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Climate Smart Agriculture 2019 Agricultural support project for small farmers in the south-western region of Bangladesh (DAE) Utilization of fallow land, increasing crop intensity and amount of fertile land through application of new techniques of crop cultivation and saline tolerant varieties in 58 upazilas of 9 districts of south-western region July2017 June 2022 Pilot project on expansion of solar energy and water-saving modern technology to increase crop production (DAE) Saving the use of fuel oil/electricity through using solar energy, increasing irrigation efficiency through introducing modern water management technology, increasing the use of surface water for irrigation purpose and reducing the usage of ground water, reducing irrigation cost and enhancing conservation of nature Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change34 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Climate Smart Agriculture July 2017 June 2022 Research, expansion and popularization of vegetable and spice cultivation in floating bed project (DAE- Wing) Increased diversification of crop production in submerged condition, encourage small scale farmers to cultivate vegetables and spices in a floating manner, encouraging women in agricultural activities to empower them in development and economic activities July 2016 June 2021 Improving agro meteorological information system project (DAE) Provide information on agro-climatic conditions to farmers in order to make agricultural production sustainable, increase the ability of farmers to adapt the adverse effects of weather and climate, increasing DAE’s capacity through improving agro meteorological information system October 2018 June 2023 Safe crop production project through adapting environment friendly strategies (DAE) Ensuring food and nutrition safety of the people, increasing farmer’s technical skills, increasing women involvement and income opportunity July 2015 June 2021 Irrigation expansion project with surface water through double lifting (BADC) Reduced use of groundwater for irrigation purpose Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Land and Water Management January 2017- June 2018 Climate Smart Agricultural Water Management Project (CSAWMP) (BWDB) Reduced vulnerability and enhanced livelihood opportunities for the beneficiaries, enhance agriculture & aquaculture production by improving the irrigation water use efficiency, create a favorable environment for improved water resources management by the core water institutions, in partnership with the beneficiaries January 2011 December 2016 Char Development and Settlement Project-4 (CDSP-4) Reduced social, institutional and environmental vulnerability of char areas Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 35 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Land and Water Management January 2013 - June 2018 Blue Gold Program (BWDB Component) Increased sustainability of the development of the polders through effective community participation, effective use of the water resources and protection against flooding, increased farmers income and strengthened livelihoods through improved farm, improved living environment productivity July 2013 June 2020 Coastal Embankment Improvement Project (Phase-1) (BWDB) Increased area is protected in selected polders from tidal flooding and frequent storm surges, which are expected to worsen due to climate change, improved agricultural production by reducing saline water intrusion in selected polders, improved capacity of the government of Bangladesh to respond promptly and effectively to an eligible crisis or emergency July 2014 June 2018 Flood and River Bank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (BWDB) Improved stability of the country’s main rivers including Jamuna, Padma, Ganges and Meghna through financing & completion of the construction of riverbank revetments and flood embankments or levees July 2014 June 2022 Haor Flood Management and Livelihood Improvement Project (BWDB Part) Flood Management in 29 Haors, agricultural Promotion and Income Generation Activities July 2014 June 2019 Irrigation Management Improvement Program (IMIP) (BWDB) Modernize the Muhuri-Kahua Irrigation Project in Chittagong and finance the feasibility study and detailed design for the upgrade of Ganges-Kobadak and Teesta irrigation projects in Khulna and Rangpur, establishment of performance-based irrigation management and agriculture support services Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change36 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Land and Water Management July 2015 June 2017 Model Validation on Hydro-Morphological Process of the River System in the Subsiding Sylhet Haor Basin (DBHWD) To know the inherent morphological process of the river system in the Haor areas in order to manage the rivers more efficiently, Enhance the knowledge on hydro-morphological behavior of the Surma and Kushiyara rivers in the Sylhet basin July 2015 December 2017 Classification of Wetlands of Bangladesh (DBHWD) Classification of Wetlands of Bangladesh, strengthened role of Department of Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development as a primary source of information on wetlands resources June 2015 2019 Study for Investigation of Groundwater and Surface Water Irrigation in Habiganj, Maulvibazar, Sylhet, Sunamganj, Netrokona and Kishorganj District (DBHWD) The present situation of surface and ground water investigated and a mathematical model developed 2015-2020 Study of Interaction Between Haor and River Ecosystem Including Development of Wetland Inventory and Wetland Management Framework Inventory of the wetlands in place through classification of satellite images, delineations of wetlands, study of interaction between haor and river ecosystems and LiDAR survey of Tanguar haor for an area of approximately 120 sq. km. for empirical data collection 2020-2024 Establishment of Digital Land Management System (MoL) Ensuring collection, scanning, digitization, database creation, editing plot checking, geo-referencing mouza map, matching of mouza map, and field checking of some 1,38,412 sheets of maps 2015-2020 Gucchagram (Climate Victims Rehabilitation) Project (MoL) Living accommodation in place for the climate victims and river eroded victims who have become landless, homeless, without a permanent address on khas land, making all such rehabilitated families owner of a piece of homestead land and settled Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 37 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Green Growth and Low carbon Development 2018 Biogas-Based Power Projects (IDCOL) Biogas based electricity plants established in the poultry farms in order to reduce dependency on fossil fuel used forerunning captive generators 2018-2021 Afforestation in Coastal Region including the Newly Accreted Chars of Bay of Bengal (BFD) Accelerated accretion and stabilized newly accreted char land, increase green vegetation coverage as protective shelter belt against cyclone and tidal surge as adaptive measures against adverse effects of climate change, increase carbon sink to help mitigate climate change impacts Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management 2020-2021 Development and Expansion of Bio Rational Based Integrated Pest Management Technologies of Vegetables, Fruits and Betel Leaf (BARI) Awareness raised through organizing day long Trainers training workshop (ToTs) for the teachers of different educational institutions titled ‘Insects and diseases management by using bio pesticides-based technology in fruits and vegetables’ 2010-2018 CDM Project Using Municipal Organic Waste of Towns (City Corporation/ Municipality) in Bangladesh (Phase-1) Municipal organic waste converted to resources and the production of Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduced; National 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) Strategy for Waste Management implemented, and alternative income for poor people of urban areas created 2012-2019 Strengthening Phytosanitary Capacity in Bangladesh Project (DAE) Awareness raised about plant health at global, national and regional level and support implementation of International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) through Pest Risk Analysis of listed 133 insect and mite pests on cereal crops, 83 on pulse crops, 125 on oilseed crops, 76 on fiber crops, 69 on sugar crops, 39 on tuber crops, 190 on vegetable crops, 313 on fruit crops, 75 on spices crops, 87 on flower crops, 546 on forest trees, 71 on narcotics and beverage crops and 133 on medicinal plants Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change38 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management 2016-2020 Ecosystem based development, management and conservation of the Saint Martin’s Island (DoE) Enhanced biodiversity of the Saint Martin’s Island (Narikel Jinjira); community engaged in conservation initiatives and community members livelihood improved and eco-tourism promoted; Waste management system developed at Saint Martin’s Island 2013-2018 Climate Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihood (CREL) in ECA (DoE) Ecological Critical Areas (ECAs), wetlands and Protected Areas (PA), improve governance of natural resources and biodiversity, and increase resilience to climate change through improved planning and livelihoods diversification to realize Bangladesh to become a knowledge based, healthy, food-secure, and climate-resilient middle-income Country 2013-2018 Implementation of the National Biosafety Framework of Bangladesh (DoE) Implementation of the National Biosafety Framework in compliance with the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety through enhancing the existing capacity on Biosafety at the institutional, individual and systemic levels of Bangladesh as well as to address national needs and priorities on conservation of biological diversity and protecting human health Cross Cutting Enhanced Finance 2009 Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) Till 2022, 790 projects have been approved (more than 700 projects have been implemented by government ministries and the rest are implemented by NGOs) Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 39 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Cross Cutting Enhanced Finance 2014 Nomination of Economic Relations Division (ERD) to GCF Broad strategic oversight of the funds’ activities provided in Bangladesh; convene relevant public, private and civil society stakeholders to identify priority sectors to be financed by the fund; financed by the fund; Communicate nomination letters to entities seeking accreditation to the fund under direct access; implement the no-objection procedure on funding proposals submitted to the fund; ensure consistency of funding proposals with national climate change plans and priorities; provide leadership on the deployment of readiness and preparatory support funding in the country Institutions and Governance 2008 National Adaptation Programme and Action 38 adaptation measures, 16 under implementation (8 short term and 8 medium term projects) 2013 Climate Change and Gender Action Plan Gender equality in climate change related policies, strategies and intervention ensured 2009 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 44 programs (short, medium and long term) 2018 Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 BDP2100 proposes the long term strategy for the country’s development considering various issues and challenges including future climate change. Among the 80 projects, 34 projects have been identified as linked to environment and climate change. 2012 Haor Master Plan Main focus is agricultural development for ensuring food security, biodiversity enhancement and wetland management in the haor area Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change40 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Cross Cutting Institutions and Governance 2021-2022 Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan The MCPP proposes a shift in Bangladesh’s trajectory from one of vulnerability to resilience to prosperity (VRP). The Plan’s principal aims are to secure Bangladesh’s prosperity by 2041, launching an economic transformation with proposed actions under 6 key priority areas. The actions follow climate resilience, adaptation and green growth. Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) Bangladesh prepared and submitted INDC pursuant to the pledge made before the Paris agreement on limiting the global GHG emission and global warming. 2020-2021 Updating of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) The country has taken an initiative to update the NDC commitments incorporating all economic activities and enhance the target for GHG emission reduction. 2020-2022 National Adaptation Plan (NAP) A total of 23 adaptation strategies with a total of 113 interventions have been proposed under 8 devised sectors for achieving these strategies and achieving 6 goals and vision of the NAP. The NAP has been developed in a stakeholder driven process incorporating scientific knowledge and innovation. 2014 Bangladesh National Action Plan for Reducing Short Lived Climate Pollutants 16 key measures (7 measures for reducing CH4 from major sources) have been proposed. 2017 Bangladesh Biodiversity Act A sophisticated GMO Dictation Lab established in Department of Environment for enhancement of biosafety, establishment of Web Based Networking System Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 41 Thematic Cluster Sub-Cluster Year Landmark Initiatives Major/Key Achievements Cross Cutting Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Development 2015-2018 National Capacity Development for Implementing Rio Conventions through Environmental Governance Institutional capacities developed for management of global environment; Mainstreaming of global environmental conventions (Rio conventions) into human resource development 2016-2018 Strengthening Institutional Capacity to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) Main Objective of the SLCP project is to sustainability increase the level of the action taken in Bangladesh to reduce SLCPs by further promoting the coordination and the scaling up of activities to reduce SLCPs at the National level 2018- 2021 Strengthening the activities of Agricultural Training Institutes (DAE) Activities of Agricultural Training Institutes strengthened, and infrastructure and facilities developed through creating skilled manpower with technical knowledge on agriculture 3.3 Institutional Capacity Need The selected vital ministries, department and agencies have been reviewed using the information provided on their websites and in accessible documents. Furthermore, the study team has organized several virtual KII sessions to explore the organizations’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A set of indicators have been used for the KII sessions (Figure 3.1) using six leading indicators and multiple sub-indicators. Several sub-indicators have been used to get the real insights for assessing the capacity needs. Moreover, 8th Five Year Plan (FYP) has been reviewed to identify different aspects of sector-specific institutional capacity needs. The review outcome helped the study team create a synergy between the national plan and identified institutional capacity needs. Skilled Human Resource for project planning, implementation, evaluation, and monitoring of the projects Adequate skilled Human Resource for development of Terms of Reference (ToR), concept note, proposal, Development Project Performa (DPP), preparation of the budget, and conducting feasibility study, etc. Institutional capacity development needs in respect to sector ECC Figure 3.1: List of Indicators for the Assessment Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change42 3.3.1 Methodology Used for Stakeholder Participation and the Institutional Analysis CEGIS and C3ER extensively reviewed the organizations’ websites and accessible documents. Furthermore, officials from CEGIS and C3ER had several virtual KII sessions to explore the organizations’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Finally, for the SAP institutional setting has been prepared at the institutional level using this information. For the assessment, a set of indicators were developed. After a thorough assessment, using six main indicators and multiple sub indicators, the following Table 3.2 resulted, presenting the indicators. Table 3.2: List of Indicators for Institutional Analysis Primary Indicators Sub Indicators Issues and Challenges Need to Be Addressed Related to ECC Sector ● What are the issues and challenges needed to be addressed in respect to sector ECC and functions of your organization? ● What strategies and which type of projects should be emphasized to be included inside the ECC sector? Institutional arrangements ● What is the type of organization, i.e. implementing/ monitoring/ regulatory? ● Is there any ECC related unit within the organization? Policy and Legal Framework ● Is there any specific mandate on climate change/ environment within the organization? ● What is the level of the jurisdiction of the organization, i.e., national/ sub national/ local? ● What is the priority working areas/sectors of the organization? ● What is the mechanism of prioritization of environment and climate change-related projects? Is there any mechanism exists? Project Implementation ● Does the organization have a specific plan for the next 5 years for ECC related projects? ● How many ECC related projects so far has been completed by the organization and allocation/disbursement of budget against 7th FYP? Challenge/Problems ● What challenges/problems is the organization experiencing at the time of preparing, implementing (resources mobilization like financing, technical resources, Technology Transfer or Extension, institutional framework, and coordination) and monitoring, etc. of ECC related activities/projects.? Knowledge/Capacity ● Is there adequate skilled Human Resource for project planning, implementation, evaluation and monitoring of the projects? ● Is there adequate skilled Human Resource for development of Terms of Reference (ToR), concept note, proposal, Development Project Performa (DPP), preparation of the budget, and conducting feasibility study, etc.? ● What are your institutional capacity development needs in respect to sector ECC? Accountability ● What is the Monitoring and evaluation mechanism (APA or Result based framework) of the organization? Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 43 3.3.2 Insights on Institutional Capacity Needs According to the 8th Five Year Plan, agriculture is a key supply-side determinant of food security and nutrition; water resource and land management are the most important input to agriculture but has much broader implications due to climate change and natural disasters (GED, 2020). Thus, this section mainly focuses on the institutional capacity needs on agriculture (agriculture, fisheries and livestock), water resources and land management aligned with the environment and climate change issues. The following is an overview of institutional capacity needs for various ministries, departments, agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), development partners, training/research institutes, and academia. ● Promoting Sustainable Agriculture: Several technologies and methods, such as organic farming, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD), and others, were identified and suggested in current plans and policies. Those documents emphasized coordination and collaborative activities of various government ministries and agencies, including the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), the Ministry of Land (MoL), the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), and the Local Government Division, for the success. The actual adoption status, however, has not achieved the required level. Moreover, fostering collaboration between public-private and international organizations is also critical in this regard. Furthermore, comprehensive capacity building initiatives (through knowledge and skill enhancement) for the employees of these organizations are required, especially on the following: o Practices for protecting and conserving the environment by promoting technologies sex pheromone, botanical pesticides, biological control, etc. o Surface and rainwater utilization o Solar energy utilization o Rain-fed agriculture o Better protection of biodiversity (plant, animal, fisheries, pollinator, etc.) o Food safety, nutrition, and dietary diversification o Natural resource management (land, water and biodiversity) o Sustainable but economically profitable farming practices ● Conducting Research on Advanced Varieties and Increase Productivity: It is essential to conduct research to develop area-specific advanced varieties and increase productivity. Institutes of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) and agricultural universities must play a significant role in developing relevant new technologies. The Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) could oversee new technology diffusion at the agricultural field level. The MoA may take the lead in ensuring adequate coordination among the other ministries. For example, in rice, a short-duration variety of Aus rice to prevent climate uncertainty during the late summer is critical. Research is also required to reduce the yield gap by enhancing productivity and employing modernized and relevant technology. Research is also required to close the production gap by enhancing productivity and implementing modern and suitable farm-level technology. It is crucial to develop a skilled employee base for MoA, DAE, research institutes and academia, etc. to efficiently carry out such research and coordination. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change44 ● Water Usage Optimization: Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), under the MoWR looks after the flood control, drainage and irrigation projects to increase productivity in agriculture and fisheries. Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) under MoLGRDC is one of Bangladesh’s largest public sector organizations entrusted with planning and implementing local-level rural-urban and small-scale water resources infrastructure development programs. The DAE under MoA offers efficient and effective needs-based extension services to all farmers to help them maximize resource utilization and promote sustainable agricultural and socio-economic development. So, coordination between MoWR, MoLGRDC and MoA and their agencies is crucial for ensuring optimal water resources management for agriculture. In addition to coordination, comprehensive and transformative capacity building for the ministries mentioned above and agencies are required. Technologies such as crop diversification, enhancing irrigation efficiency, enhancing conveyance efficiency (e.g., buried pipe, PVC/plastic/polythene pipe, etc.), and on-farm water use efficiency (e.g., drip irrigation, fertigation through drip irrigation system for the non-cereal crops, etc.) can be included for the capacity building and skill development activities. It is equally important to emphasize conservation and sustainable management for water for inland fisheries. ● Sustainable Seed Production and Fertilizer Usage: The Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), DAE, and other relevant government organizations must improve their capacity for seed production in compliance with adaptation to climate change-related challenges. Research and capacity development for relevant agencies are required for environmentally friendly practices like reducing urea use and increasing non-urea fertilizers, etc. ● Sustainable Land Use Management and Crop Zoning: Given the rising need for food production, it is critical to encourage optimal land use and conservation to increase production efficiency. Priority needs to be given to comprehensive land use planning that incorporates economic, ecological, environmental, social, and cultural aspects into production. The 8FYP emphasized soil and water conservation, land development, drainage and flood management, and reclamation initiatives. Land-use planning has also been encouraged, and crop zoning as a tool to control production programs. MoL, in collaboration with MoA and their agencies, can work on these aspects through their transformative capacity building actions. Other ministries such as MoWR, MoEFCC and/or their agencies can also be invited to collaborate. ● Introducing Good Agricultural Practices (GAP): A remaining agenda from 7FYP and emphasized on 8FYP is introducing the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). GAP is built on four pillars, i.e., economic viability, environmental sustainability, social acceptability, and food safety and quality. Research, extension, and knowledge base development are expected to facilitate the approach. Coordination and combined approach of various government ministries and agencies, including the MoA, MoEFCC, MoL, MoWR, and the Local Government Division is required to carry out these activities. GAP implementation will ensure the safety and quality of food and other agricultural goods, capture new market possibilities for farmers and exporters, and enhance natural resource utilization, etc. It would also be a significant endeavor to encourage regenerative agriculture, which attempts to absorb carbon in soil and aboveground biomass to reverse present worldwide patterns of atmospheric buildup. ● Post-Harvest Management and Agro-Processing: Agricultural research institutes such as BARI and BRRI need to conduct research on post-harvest management technology development, Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 45 such as packaging and agro-processing. For a successful output, need-based capacity development and fund management must be arranged for these organizations. However, some technologies are already available in these organizations to develop and expand the agro-processing industry. Nonetheless, some specialized extension efforts, such as those connected to fruit and vegetable industries, might be entrusted to the private sector. In that case, close and efficient collaboration and coordination between the mentioned government agencies/institutions/ministries and the private sector is a must. ● Research and Development to Enhance Livestock Productivity: The research capacities of BLRI and other universities and research institutions engaged in relevant research activities needs to be strengthened to address national priorities and harness the enormous potential of regional livestock resources. Such capacity-building initiatives are also required to ensure the safe and environment-friendly production of animal products and by-products, animal protein supplements, feed additives, premixes, probiotics, mineral and vitamin supplements, etc. Initiatives can be launched to promote and facilitate private organizations and non governmental organizations (NGOs) conducting livestock research. ● Promoting climate smart health management: Emerging and remerging disease outbreak is one of the main impacts of climate change on livestock. Frequent disease outbreak increases animal death and reduce productivity remarkably. Regular vaccination, deworming, biosecurity, health practice can reduce climate induced disease outbreak and increase productivity of livestock. ● Introducing climate smart feed management: Enteric fermentation is one of the main sources of methane emission from large ruminants. Balanced ration can help optimizing productivity and minimizing co3 eq emission from /kg production. Some feed additives like sea algae, charcoal, minerals, some grasses and other ingredients can reduce enteric methane emission remarkably and can also increase production of milk, meat and eggs. ● Breed upgradation: Native cattle produce minimum amount of milk, meat and egg. If we can replace our native breed with high yielding variety then productivity will increase and emission will decrease. Artificial insemination and breed upgradation technology can help to uplift production with minimum emission. 3.4 Alignment with National Goals and Targets Sector specific several targets have been developed under 8th Five Year Plan to boost up the current economic growth considering all the existing and possible hindrance mostly focusing on climate change. Climate Change is impacting agriculture, livestock, fisheries and water sector are the most vulnerable sectors. The specific targets developed under 8th FYP considering environment and climate changes effects are summarized in the following sections. Agriculture sector Agriculture sector strategies in relation to Environment and Climate Change include the following: ● development of crop varieties for rice (25 varieties) and non-rice (2000 genetic resources, 100 climate resilient varieties); ● introduction of organic fertilizer use and organic pest management system; Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change46 ● extending credit facilities to farmers through banks and other financial institutions at a low rate of 2 per cent; achieving expanded digitalization of market access and market linkage activities and establishing e-agricultural marketing; ● providing services to farmers regarding balanced fertilizer application through Online Fertilizer Recommendation System (OFRS) and Offline Fertilizer Recommendation System (Mobile Apps); conducting reconnaissance soil survey of the whole country, detailed/semi-detailed soil surveys of development project, for updated information and locating areas of problem soils (e.g., toxic, saline, alkaline or peat soils) and investigating soil degradation and erosion especially in hilly areas for planning reclamation, conservation and watershed management; conducting several program for updating Upazila soil and land utilization guide; land, soil and fertilizer recommendation guide at union level; soil analysis and fertilizer card distribution; Upazila wise updated soil and land related data entry for OFRS; updated soil and water salinity data generation for coastal saline areas; fertilizer sample analysis for quality control; demo plot for soil fertility management; farmers’ training on balanced fertilizer use and adulterated fertilizer identification; training of DAE/SRDI officers on Upazila Nirdeshika, Technology generation and transfer for sustainable soil management both for coastal saline areas and hilly area for ensuring sustainable soil management; ● Increasing crop productions by 2025 according to the following table. Crop Production in 2019 (Million MT) Production Target (2025) (Million MT) Rice 38.70 41.73 Wheat 1.25 1.46 Potato 10.29 12.54 Oil seed 1.15 1.29 Vegetables 18.45 23.96 Maize 5.40 6.89 Spices 3.95 4.36 Pulses 1.05 1.25 Jute 6.82* 8.03* * in Million bales Livestock Sector Considering the livestock issues revealed due to climate change, the 8FYP plan sets a target to expand the production of milk from 9.92 million MT in 2018-19 to 16.37 mil. MT in 2024-25; meat production from 7.5 to 8.51 million MT, and egg production from 17,109.7 to about 22,400 million pieces through enhancing productivity by using modern biological techniques, adopting appropriate disease diagnosis and treatment, and by addressing climate smart livestock interventions for safeguarding nutritional food security. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 47 Fisheries Sector The 8FYP Plan targets to increase the participation of women in aquaculture production, fisheries, CBOs/Co-management and fish/ shrimp processing industries by 30% along with increasing the production from 1.28 million MT in 2020-21 to 1.36 mil. MT by 2024-25 for open water areas, from 2.57 to 2.91 million MT by 2024-25 from aquaculture and from 6.97 to 7.3 million MT by 2024-25 from marine fisheries in order to increase resilience of fisheries sector against climate change. In addition, Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) will be promoted at all stages of fish/shrimp supply chain to comply international standards. Water Sector Agricultural practices in Bangladesh are largely determined by the hydrological cycle. There is a need to strengthen the protection measures against various climate change event, such as farmer’s protection against flooding in wet seasons, irrigation in dry seasons, supplementary irrigation even in wet seasons, protection against saline water intrusion in coastal areas, proper drainage both in wet and dry seasons, protection against river erosion, and safeguard measures against the water-related hazards (storm surge/cyclone) in the coastal belt. Thereby, some extensive targets have been developed under 8th FYP for water sector considering climate change effects, which includes ● protecting riverbank from erosion through integrated long-terms measures and conduct 2,356 km bank protection work each year during 8th FYP period; ● adapting strategies to mitigate climate change impacts; ● developing modern early warning systems to minimize economic losses from flood and other disasters; ● prevention of salinity intrusion through augmenting the freshwater flow in the southwest region including the Sundarbans; ensuring conjunctive use of surface and ground water for sustainable irrigation, ● securing groundwater conservation and implementing integrated coastal zone management strategies. 3.5 Maintaining Linkage with SDGs The sustainable development goals are one of the major global goals for progress. Bangladesh government has adopted a whole of society approach to implement these goals. The SDGs were integrated with the country’s 7th Five Year Plan (7FYP, 2015-2020) and these were given emphasis while setting the priority areas of the 7FYP such that the achievement of Plan objectives and targets also can contribute towards the achievement of the SDGs. A Development Results Framework (DRF) was also embedded in the Plan and the outcomes and targets in the DRF were aligned with the SDGs. Bangladesh’s implementation of the 2030 Agenda reflects the adoption of a coordinated approach in which partnership has been integral to 5Ps (people, prosperity, peace, partnership and planet) to define the overall architecture of sustainable development. During the period, the country has taken specific steps to ensure the required institutional framework including resource mobilisation, technology, capacity building, trade and systemic coherence. The systemic issues are sequenced as policy and institutional coherence, multi-stakeholder partnerships and data, and monitoring and accountability. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change48 In this context, Bangladesh has taken several measures through embedding SDGs into the 7FYP (2015 2020), 8FYP (2020-2025) and the 2nd Perspective Plan (2021-2041); accomplishing mapping of ministries/ agencies by targets; preparing action plans for all relevant ministries/agencies; and putting in place the needed monitoring and evaluation framework. Therefore, the Sector Action Plan should keep active linkage with SDGs and integrate the relevant targets in the sector actions and programs. Figure 3.2: The Sustainable Development Goals To ensure Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh by leaving no one behind in shortest possible time, a set of 39 indicators have been selected, under the instructions of SDG Working Committee of the Prime Minister’s Office. Under these indicators, some are selected from the global Sustainable Development Goals and some are selected after modification on Bangladesh perspective. All relevant ministries are connected with this process. These indicators have been considered in preparing the Sector Action Plan. 3.6 Priority Strategies of the 8th Five Year Plan The 8th FYP reflects well thought actions and strategies to address the issues of environment, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and disaster risk reduction in a broader development context as well as maintaining harmony between economic growth and environmental sustainability that is essential to achieve the government’s aspiration of being a High-Income Country by 2041. Strategies promoting green growth has also been incorporated and emphasized in 8th FYP as the government has acknowledged that a sustainable economic growth can only be ensured when it is interlinked with environmental integrity. In the 8th FYP, the strategy and activities formulated for the entire ECC sector have been segregated in three major sub sectors i.e., environment, climate change and forest. The prioritized strategy and activities for environmental subsector under 8th FYP include; Adoption for Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR) for Sustainable Development and implementation of necessary Administrative reforms for EFR, Environmental Institutional Reforms, Context-Specific Environmental and WASH Technologies/ Interventions, Implementation of the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 and Specific Activities to Improve Green Growth. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 49 For the climate change sub sector, priority strategies and activities include; Strengthening of the Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF) with additional funds and enhanced monitoring, enhanced partnership with international organizations to support knowledge and experiences sharing, facilitating the formulation and advancement of NAP process, initiatives to accelerate funding from GCF, enhancing activities related to technology transfer through CTCN and JCM, enhancing the understanding of climate change impacts on the livelihoods of local communities, actions to identify localized solutions for adaptation and improved coordination and knowledge sharing at the local levels through increasing the partnership with NGOs and civil society actors, enhancing women’s knowledge of environmental management and conservation, Investing in education, capacity building, training, technology transfer and environmental projects focusing on women, Enhancing plantation and social forestry related actions to conserve and expand forest and tree coverage area and productivity, Activities for conservation of biodiversity in the Sundarbans with special attention to the Royal Bengal Tiger, Actions for facilitating migrant integration into the city, Undertaking a gender transformative climate action in the coastal districts, Mainstreaming the Leaving No One Behind principle across climate actions of the government, Enhancing the capacity and role of parliament, IMED, and OAG for improving governance mechanism for climate finance, Mainstreaming climate budget report, increasing the monitoring and remedial actions for arsenic removal in arsenic -prone areas on a routine basis, Basin-wide management of water resources, Increasing the protection of the resource base of surface water in greater Dhaka, Taking measures for protection and recovery of public water bodies from encroachment, Exploring options for harvesting rainwater, Establishment and implementation of effective regulations to control the discharge of cooling water from the power stations, Improvement of the compliance monitoring system for industries and development projects and its effective implementation, Developing strategy for managed aquifer recharge and introducing natural and artificial aquifer recharge systems using rainwater harvesting, Developing stringent water quality criteria for ECAs and RAMSAR sites, Reducing the use of harmful chemicals in agriculture, Establishment and implementation of CETP in industrial zones, Execution and enforcement of the ‘Noise Pollution Control Regulation-2006’, Building facilities for the treatment of waste in all major cities complemented with tax rebates and financial incentives for the production of environmentally friendly products, including energy efficient appliances, recycled materials, sustainable paper products etc. and establishment of waste-based power plants. For the forest sub sector, priority strategies and activities include; Preparation of site specific protection plans for hill forests, Reviewing and improvement of legal provisions relevant to forest protection, Strengthening the protection and management of the Sundarbans, Regulation the navigation of ships to minimize chances of oil spills, Implementation of watershed co-management activities to regulate water, increase tree cover and halt the deforestation and forest degradation in hill forest, Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism to support the forest restoration, Reassessment of the extent of land needing reforestation or restoration and adoption of different approaches for reforestation/ afforestation, Carrying out Coastal afforestation with climate resilient mangrove and other species on unused public lands and char lands, expansion of Protected Area up to 25% of state forests within the plan period of Wildlife Master Plan 2015, Identification of wildlife corridors, habitat and marine resources for biodiversity conservation through feasibility study, Development of management framework to manage the marine protected areas, Conduct of National Forest Inventory, tree cover assessment and mapping for monitoring the forest and tree resources and policy formulation for forest management, Conduction of Green House Gas inventory for forest sector to update the forest reference level, Updating and improving the BFIS, Increasing strip plantations, riparian forest buffer along the bank of all the rivers and hill forest restoration and conservation and Enhancing forest related research. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change50 Though environment is directly impacted by climate change, some other sectors like agriculture, fisheries, livestock and water are also influenced by climate change. So, these sectors also have some activities and strategies relevant to environment and climate change. The Agriculture sector activities and strategies related to environment and climate change include; Promoting sustainable agriculture and green growth, enhancing public-private partnership, Protecting and conserving environment by promoting ICM, INM, IDM, IPM, surface and rainwater utilization, use of solar energy in farm activities etc., promoting initiatives for improving irrigation water efficiency and surface water use, enhancing mechanization, value chain, urban agriculture, crop zoning, precision agriculture, Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), regenerative agriculture, agro-processing and enhancing extension activities of climate proof crop varieties. Likewise, the livestock sector also faces challenges due to climate change. Accordingly, some strategies have been prioritized under the 8th FYP including; Enhancing productivity through research and development, developing good quality breed, promoting poultry and livestock farming, improving veterinary services and animal health, supporting small and medium farmers and Improving management practice. In the fisheries sector, some strategies have been prioritized under the 8th FYP including; Adopting and implementing Fish health management strategy and aquaculture policy for sustaining development of the fisheries sector, Encouraging cage culture in the flood plains, Encourage sustainable and community-based flood plain aquaculture combined with maintaining sanctuaries and restocking of indigenous species, Conserving natural breeding, spawning, nursery and grow-out areas allowing natural reproduction of fish, Supporting Community organizations of shrimp farmers and other primary stakeholders with technology, input, financing and market linkage by contract growing system operated by the processing plants and monitored by the DOF and partner NGOs, Developing and implementing fish conservation strategy, Regular and long-term study/ research on change of biodiversity, impact of sanctuary, habitat restoration; physical, chemical & biological changes of haor basin, fish production, fish migration and socio-economic condition of fisher and ICT based dissemination system for fisheries information and technological suggestions in the remote areas. As the major climate induced disasters are related water, there is a huge role of Water sector in relation to climate change. Accordingly, the Water resources sector has several strategies and activities planned for climate change. These are, Develop, improve, redesign and modification of embankments, barriers and other water control structures to ensure protection against climate change impacts, Adopt spatial planning and flood hazard zoning, Extension of the flood warning lead time, Improve operation and maintenance, Restoration of water bodies and connectivity, River management, excavation and smart dredging, Ensuring safe water to sustainable drinking water and sanitation, Maintaining water quality for health and nutrition, livelihoods and ecosystems, Increase drainage capacity and reduce flood risk in the coastal zone, Expansion of Surface Water Irrigation, Reclaim new land in the coastal zone, Strengthening river and estuaries management in the newly accreted char areas, Protect agriculture and vulnerable communities in haor and flash flood areas, Implementing NRCC recommendations for conversation of rivers, water and biodiversity and Strategy for water resources in Chattogram Hill Tracts and trans boundary water management. 3.7 Gap Analysis Development of strategies and actions for the ECC sector, which has further divided in four clusters i.e. Climate Change Adaptation, Climate Change Mitigation, Environment and Forest and Cross Cutting Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 51 issues; requires an extensive desk review of past initiatives and gap analysis of the line ministries and agencies to address the existing issues for this particular sector. In this regard, to process the gap identification of the concerned line ministries and agencies, a selection was made through analyzing their role in ECC sector and then the team carried out Key Informant Interviews (KII) with stakeholders and professional of each of the selected ministry and agency. To conduct the KII sessions, a checklist had also been prepared to find out all the activities that the ministry or agency is doing for the improvement of ECC sector, and identifying the gaps that lie within those activities so that while developing the strategies and actions the identified gaps can be considered. The checklist covers the priority issues and challenges that needed to be addressed in respect of the ECC sector for each of the organization and further type of projects that the interviews think would be beneficial for the further development of ECC section. Besides, a rigorous analysis has been done on the institutional arrangements; available policy and legal framework; the organizations implementation process; their existing capacity for implementation ECC related projects; the challenges for preparing, implementing and monitoring the ECC projects and their monitoring and evaluation mechanism of the organization through performing KIIs. After conducting KII, gaps have been found which are presented in the following Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Identified Gaps in Different Clusters and Sub-Clusters of ECC Sector Cluster Sub-Cluster Identified Gaps Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Climate smart agriculture ● Stress tolerant varieties and extension services need to be enhanced ● Integrated farming services should be increased ● Application of climate Smart technologies need to be intensified ● Climate smart villages can be increased ● Fisheries and aquaculture management can be improved ● Livestock management can be improved ● Gender inclusion in agriculture practices should be more venhanced Land and Water Management ● Integrated land and water management should be focused more ● Valuation of water need to be implemented ● More attention on Blue Economy ● Increased land degradation ● Increased migration or internal displacement Green Growth and Low carbon Development ● Efficiency of crop productivity could be improved ● Increased emission from paddy field ● Livestock and manure management need to be improved ● Fertilizer management need to be improved ● Lower on farm energy efficiency ● Monitoring mechanism of emission from agriculture need to be established Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change52 Cluster Sub-Cluster Identified Gaps Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management ● Integrated pest management need to be enhanced ● Tracking mechanism of region specific disease outbreak need to be enhanced ● Lower resistant of host plants ● Pricing policy for waste management need to be introduced ● Pollution monitoring mechanism need to be enhanced ● Environmental compliance need to be enhanced ● Citizens need to be aware on pollution control and their roles ● Private sector engagement in pollution control need to be enhanced Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management ● Forest coverage need to be expanded ● Coastal greenbelt need to be expanded in more areas ● Social forestry need to be expanded ● Urban forestry need to be expanded ● Biodiversity and ecosystem condition need to be maintained ● Agro-forestry condition need to be maintained ● Ecological risk assessment should be enhanced ● Wetlands management should be more emphasized ● Use of IT for precision agriculture need to be enhanced ● Mainstreaming and implementation of biosafety rules need to be strengthened ● Precautionary measures need to be enhanced ● Agro-Chemicals use reduction need to be enhanced ● Environmental risk management for health need to be enhanced ● Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation activities need to be enhanced Cross Cutting Enhanced Financing ● Fund harness and mobilization from international funds need to be enhanced ● Mobilization and monitoring of fund utilization need to be enhanced ● Financing solution related actions need to be enhanced ● Fund harness and mobilization for EbA, NbS, CBA etc. need to be enhanced ● Delta Fund mobilization need to be enhanced Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 53 Cluster Sub-Cluster Identified Gaps Cross Cutting Institutions and Governance ● Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFRs) need to be strengthened ● Coordination among inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial need to be improved ● Coordination of MoEFCC, MoA, with LGIs need to be improved ● Water and Sanitary Regulatory Agency (WARSA) need to established ● Governance Activities can be improved ● The partnerships with CSOs and NGOs need to be improved Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Development ● Capacity building initiatives need to be enhanced for implementation of biosafety measures, agro-ecosystem management, Environmental Fiscal Reform, enhanced financing etc. ● Research on innovative technology on agriculture need to be enhanced ● Knowledge management initiatives need to be enhanced ● Coordination and knowledge sharing at local levels need to be enhanced ● Delta Knowledge Hub and Delta Coalition need to be established After identifying the gaps for each specific cluster and sub-cluster, need assessment for the organization have been done which outlines that there is a need of the development of stress (Heat, Saline, Cold, Less Water Incentive) tolerant variants along with strengthening the extension services. There is also a need to develop a proper framework for the active participation of women along with men in agriculture practices. Additionally, integrated farming practices; reducing the emission from agriculture sector; assessing risk and vulnerabilities of fisheries, aquaculture and livestock; assessing the climate change impacts on meat and milk production along with identifying appropriate adaptation options; accelerating the implementation of National Adaptation Plan (NAP) are in dire need for the development of ECC sector particularly for the sub-cluster climate smart agriculture. In terms of land and water management, the most needed action required is to improve the efficiency of farm water use through adopting different irrigation techniques both for rice and non-rice crop; optimize the overexploitation of water through integrating different water saving techniques; both ensuring and enforcing water valuation particularly for irrigation system and water stressed areas. However, being the most vulnerable to climate change, enhancement of water resources in the coastal area including marine fisheries is also needed to give top most priority. The need of introducing the techniques for rainwater harvesting to reduce pressure on ground and surface water, particularly for irrigation purpose; proper aquifer and catchment management; development of alternative livelihood options particularly for south-west, Barind, Haor, and hard to reach areas; identifying the causes of land degradation for sustainable soil and land management; exploration of various ecosystem based adaptation and community based adaptation to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture, water and land fall in this sub-cluster. Under the Climate Change Mitigation cluster, it is already known that considerable amount of GHG is now being emitted from agriculture and thereby, the need of identifying different techniques that will reduce emission from agriculture is significant. Additionally, the need of development of less Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change54 emission generating technology; minimizing yield gap; enhancing carbon sequestration through development of agro-forestry; promoting smart monitoring technique of GHG emission from agriculture and livestock are also identified through assessing gap under this cluster. Techniques to reduce pollution and extensive use of agro-chemicals; developing payment system for different ecosystem services; promoting organic farming and several nature based solution to enhance agro ecosystem management; identifying crop, fisheries and livestock susceptibility induced due to climate change; adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Disease Management (IDM) are needed to increase the resilience of agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector against climate change. Establishment of implementation and enforcement of Biosafety rules for minimizing risk to health and ecosystem and promoting research to reduce extensive use of chemicals in agriculture are needed to ensure biosafety and health. Enhancing the financing mechanism for EFCC is in dire need for the overall enhancement of the ECC sector. Thereby, increasing the fund harness of different international fund sources, including Green Climate Funds (GCFs); establishment of Delta Fund; integration of environment and climate change related cost into national budgeting; increasing monitoring mechanism for government owned CCTF Fund are required particularly for enhancing EFCC financing. Additionally, establishment of Delta Wing; strengthening EFCC governance; increased partnership of MoEFCC with NGOs and CSOs; strengthening Bangladesh National Herbarium and Rubber Board; Establishing a separate regulatory agency for water and sanitation services in municipalities are needed to be given emphasis for the improvement of institutions and governance. Apart from all the initiatives, enhancing the knowledge and building capacity particularly for the ECC sector is required for successful implementation of ECC initiatives addressed above and for this, capacity building of MoEFCC with its lined ministries and agencies, promoting research and innovation on ECC sector; encouraging knowledge sharing and utilization at local level, identifying technology for capacity building is needed for entire knowledge management and capacity development for the ECC sector. Selected key implementing agencies need to be strengthened considering the gaps identified during the gap analysis and review of the 8th FYP. Some significant recommendations, which may strengthen the existing institutional arrangement, are as follows: ● A comprehensive data management infrastructure for ECC sector is needed. For example, the MoEFCC is a designated ministry that works substantially on the environment and climate change in collaboration with other agencies. However, it still lacks a central database for ECC related projects or activities. ● For an impactful project planning and implementation, practical and robust coordination between significant agencies and other line agencies is required. ● Capacity-building projects are frequently undertaken by various government and non government organizations without coordination with other relevant institutions. The training sessions are explicitly offered on an ad-hoc basis. There is a need to build efficient and robust coordination between research and extension connections to convey innovative technology to farmers, private sector businesses, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). On the other hand, agricultural research has been a neglected subject with little budgetary allocation and comparably lesser research and financial facilities for scientists. ● Linkage of the project with ECC plans and policies needs to be ensured. There should be a clear understanding of which part of the development framework will be satisfied through Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 55 these projects mentioned in the plans and policies. Training on the environment and climate change for the relevant staffs need to be organized regularly in such a way so that staffs can build a linkage between ECC issues and their specific working field. This practical knowledge and implementation-based capacity development on the ECC approach will enhance the quality of the performance. ● Technical expertise, skilled employees, baseline information, and potent Management Information Systems (MIS) to devise, implement, and monitor ECC related project activities are in shortage at many of the relevant ministries/departments and other organizations, such as the MoEFCC, MoWR, MoA, BWDB, DAE, DoE, DoF, and DLS etc. In addition, there is also a lack of expertise and understanding about the relationship between climate change adaptation and the development efforts of their specific organization, which needs urgent focus. ● Proper recording and dissemination of ECC related activities undertaken by government or non-government organizations is insufficient and needs a collaborative focus to overcome the issue. ● For successful project management and to comprehend the project’s outcome and develop a prospective road map based on the experience, a comprehensive, holistic, and systematic monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be developed in addition to robust coordination mechanisms. Moreover, lack of training on project management and monitoring and evaluating the projects is an issue that needs to be addressed. ● Sometimes, capacity-building sessions for government officials are only offered to higher ranking officials. Staff working at the field level for DoF, DAE, DLS, BWDB, LGED, DLS etc., typically do not receive adequate ECC related training, even though they are directly responsible for ECC related actions on the field level. ● Major climate-sensitive government organizations, i.e., MoA, MoWR or MoEFCC, has no specific course or training scope for their staffs within their organizations. So, there is now an urgent need for separate capacity development initiatives on climate change adaptation within the organizations. ● It is necessary to ensure that long-term or permanent strategies are prioritized amid short term response-based approaches or strategies. ● Agencies already having ECC related issues in their mandates should take steps to update them (if required) to address ECC related issues better. Otherwise, mandates should be modified to address the issue. ● There is considerable unexplored potential for including the private sector in ECC-related projects like the blue economy, which should be promoted. ● Fund constraint can slow down any development works. Therefore, particular focus should be given to the arrangement of more funds in research or development regarding ECC issues. ● The success of the SAP depends on the committees and units referenced in the implementation mechanism section and the functions and responsibilities of relevant agencies. They all have to work together holistically and facilitate each other to ensure success. Chapter 4 Development of Action Plan Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 59 Chapter 4: Development of Action Plan 4.1 Introduction Being the harbinger of harmony amongst planning and implementation akin to the environment and agriculture sector, the SAP has identified numerous strategies to go about in developing the sector and has laid out a comprehensive action plan with spatially, temporally and financially segregated implementation agenda. This chapter describes the formulated strategies and developed action plan. The Action Plan has been developed following the Theory of Change approach and structured guidelines. The action plan comprises the identified actions to be implemented under this plan along with its investment plan, result based monitoring framework, implementing agencies and potentiality of private sector engagement in financing. Figure 4.1 illustrates the Theory of Change developed for the Sector Action Plan. 4.2 Strategies for Action This SAP ECC identifies 53 strategies to address issues and challenges devised under scopes of each of the ten (10) subthemes discussed in Chapter 2 (Section 2.1). The strategies are aligned with the development vision of the government portrayed in the Perspective Plan (2021-2041) of Bangladesh, 8th Five Year Plan (2020-2025), Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, Bangladesh Country Investment Plan for Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (2016-2020), National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Updated BCCSAP, Updated NDCs, Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan (MCPP), National Agriculture Policy (2018) and SDG Action Plan (2017). These strategies particularly focus on tackling environment and climate change risk and vulnerabilities on Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock managing land, water, environment and ecosystem in an integrated low carbon development pathway for achieving food and nutrition security. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change60 C1T2: Climate Smart Agriculture C1T3: Sustainable Land and Water Management C3T10: Research, Capacity Development and Knowledge Management C3T8: Institutions and Governance C3T7: Enhanced Finance C2T5: Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management ‘Polluter Pay’ C1T4: Green Growth and Low Carbon Development • • • • • C1T1: Enhancing Local Level Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience C2T6: Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management integrate ‘Payment Services’ in Figure 4.1: Theory of Change Diagram Identified strategies are as follows: C1T1: Enhancing Local Level Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience 1. Promote initiatives to enhance climate resilience of communities among cross-cutting sectors and different levels 2. Integration of community and their local knowledges for sustainable climate resilient environment management 3. Integrating climate change adaptation into local level development planning 4. Ensure participation of women, marginalized groups in climate resilient development and decision-making process Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 61 C1T2: Climate Smart Agriculture 1. Development of stress tolerant varieties and ensure its effective extension at farm level 2. Promotion of climate smart technologies for agriculture, fisheries and livestock farming practices 3. Encourage integrated and mixed farming to maximize the utilization of resources tackling adverse impacts of climate change in climate vulnerable areas 4. Development of a holistic, inclusive and sustainable agriculture, fisheries and livestock management framework for Bangladesh 5. Promotion of precision agriculture and crop diversification to make the agriculture system more climate smart and resilient up to farm level C1T3: Sustainable Land and Water Management 1. Implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 for achieving food security and reducing poverty tackling deep uncertainties of climate change 2. Enhance on farm water and irrigation efficiency for rice and non-rice crops to combat water stress due to climate change 3. Promotion of different water saving techniques (such as AWD, drip irrigation, mulching, reduce tillage, buried pipe etc.) and sustainable groundwater management for agriculture practices 4. Development of operational early warning and community-based dissemination system in haor areas 5. Reduce land degradation due to soil erosion, over exploitation, soil fertility loss and excess agro-chemical use 6. Fostering blue economy and secure livelihoods through e-commercialization of marine fisheries and aquaculture in Coastal Areas 7. Harness ecosystem services from land and water resources in a sustainable way through ensuring valuation of water C1T4: Green Growth and Low Carbon Development 1. Boost crop productivity and accelerate emission reduction from the paddy field 2. Increase on farm energy efficiency through enhanced use of renewable energy-based technologies at farm level 3. Managing livestock manure and fertilizer in a climate smart way to halt GHG emission 4. Expansion of afforestation, reforestation, forest conservation to increase carbon sequestration, and 5. Promotion, commercialization and affordable less emitting farm mechanization C2T5: Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management 1. Improvement of pollution control (air, water, noise) mechanism through regular and effective monitoring and enforcement Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change62 2. Promote Beneficiary Pays Principle, and ‘Polluter Pay’ principle 3. Development of improved waste (solid, liquid, e-waste, medical, chemical/hazardous etc.) management system with regular monitoring 4. Enhanced actions for plastic waste management in alignment with the “Multisectoral Action Plan for Sustainable Plastic Management” 5. Introduce and encourage 4R and bio-initiatives for waste management to turn ‘waste’ into ‘energy’ 6. Integrated pest, diseases and nutrient management for conservation of agro-ecosystem 7. Develop quality seed to strengthen climate change shield, manage excess use of agrochemical (insecticides, fertilizers etc.) to ensure food safety, ecosystem conservation and health 8. Patronize organic farming, good agriculture practices (GAP) and nature-based solutions (NbS) as climate change adaptation measures in agriculture, promote locally led adaptation and enriched quality food, nutrition and health C2T6: Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management 1. Managing forest, pasture, wetlands and fish sanctuaries to conserve ecosystem and biodiversity 2. Ensure conservation and sustainable use of coast and marine resources following blue economy principles 3. Ensure conservation and sustainable management of Forests, Ecosystem and Biodiversity 4. Encourage wise use of wetlands and introduce and integrate ‘Payment for Ecosystem Services’ in development planning 5. Ensure wildlife protection and conservation of habitat in PA and ECA, along with specific focus on endangered species 6. Promote afforestation, new mangrove plantation, hill and sal forest restoration, reforestation and other conservation practices for forest management C3T7: Enhanced Finance 1. Introduce Environmental Fiscal Framework and integrate it into the Climate Change Fiscal Framework 2. Build back better the financial capability of Bangladesh to tackle impacts of climate change, emergency crisis management, halt GDP losses and reach the Vision 2041 3. Strengthen capacity of relevant stakeholders to harness, mobilize and proper utilization of public and global climate fund 4. Ascertain transparency and strong auditory framework through monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) C3T8: Institutions and Governance 1. Strengthening existing institutional framework and ensure enhanced coordination and strong monitoring mechanism development among MoEFCC, MoA, MoFL, MoL, MoFood and MoLGRDC Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 63 2. Creating enabling environment and institutional framework to implement BDP2100 successfully 3. Improvement of governance of environment related acts, rules or policies through integrated and coordinated enforcement mechanism, effective use of enforcement tools and techniques, increased transparency and accountability 4. Augmenting opportunities for private sectors to invest and commercialize agro-based products and maintain the value chain resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change 5. Minimizing yield gaps between research field and farm level through introducing a holistic research system comprising multi-disciplinary scientists and skilled extension officers 6. Promoting strong collaboration with private sectors, NGOs, CSOs, academia etc. C3T9: Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols 1. Ensure regular activities to comply with obligations of MoEFCC under UN conventions/ protocols and other Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). C3T10: Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Development 1. Enhance institutional capacity and human skill development to mainstream climate change and environmental issues into development planning and implementation process 2. Encourage innovative research and knowledge management to bridge the lesson learned with emerging developments in environment and climate change 3. Enhance opportunities for collaborative research with academia 4. Fostering Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock Research, Development and Extension Services focusing on climate change adaptation and mitigation 5. Build awareness among communities regarding climate smart technologies and empower them to uphold their adaptive capacity 6. Make transformations for knowledge management and skill development among communities and officials of extension services regarding climate smart agriculture (CSA) and mechanization 7. Accelerate and expand IT based market of agriculture and agro-based products to generate employment, engage gender and youth to become resilient to climate change Formulated strategies include priorities for promotion of climate smart agriculture and climate smart village including research, innovations and development of climate smart technologies and practices in an inclusive way. Minimizing yield gaps in research lab and farm level, strengthening extension services for crop, fisheries, and livestock and integrated pest, diseases and nutrient management are considered under these strategies. Strong coordination and monitoring among inter-agency and ministries especially with local government are emphasized considering the engagement of multi stakeholders foreseen. Implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 has received special attention to facilitate integrated land and water resources management for agriculture. Creating enabling environment for climate smart agriculture practices and BDP2100 implementation addressing both adaptation and emission reduction are envisaged to be developed as part of strengthening existing institutions and governance. Further, private sectors are highlighted to be engaged for investment, largely parallel to public investment. Field based skill development of farmers, hands on training Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change64 and knowledge management initiatives are acknowledged in a transformative way for capacity development and sustainable knowledge management. 4.3 Prioritization of Action and Investment Plan A set of actions have been identified under this SAP ECC to implement the devised strategies smoothly after stocktaking of present progress and achievements for environment and climate change management for agriculture and food security. A thorough review and series of consultations with relevant stakeholders facilitated this actions identification process. Similar or desired actions or projects with estimated cost outlined in previous plans or strategic documents like the 8th Five Year Plan, Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, Bangladesh Country Investment Plan for Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (2016-2020), National Agriculture Policy (2018), SDG Action Plan (2017), Action Plan for Agriculture, Blue Economy Action Plan, available action plans of relevant ministries or agencies etc. were taken into considerations to finalize the set of actions along with the recommendations of consulted stakeholders and outcome of gap and need analysis. Identified set of actions/ projects will fulfill the need and address challenges identified in previous chapters to achieve the short vision and ease the way to achieve long-term vision. In addition, 11 criteria have been devised to formulate/ prioritize these actions, according to which they have to be/ must possess: ● Country demand driven and aligned with national development agenda ● Ability to facilitate green growth and environment friendly development ● Aligned with global commitments ● Ability to transform and build climate smart agriculture ● Able to fulfill farmer’s need ● Able to manage environment and climate change risk efficiently ● Built on existing strategic pathway and developments ● Ability to facilitate climate change adaptation and mitigation ● Attractive for private sector investment ● Have opportunities for social and gender inclusion ● Flexible and adaptive to institutionalize A total of 95 actions or projects have been identified and prioritized following the strategies, which would require a total investment of BDT 58,240 crores with 10 years’ implementation period spanning over two consecutive five-year planning cycles, i.e., 8th FYP (2020-2025) and 9th FYP (2025-2030). Following this, a list of indicative projects and investment plan comprising Action code, Project name, Responsible agencies and ministries, tentative cost, project implementation period and private sector engagement potentiality have been prepared and presented in Annex-2. The action plan allocates major portion (25%) of budget for Sustainable Land and Water Management (C1T3) theme to facilitate the sustainable management of the land and water resources around the country to maintain the environmental standards and to preserve ecosystem and biodiversity from pollution and degradation. This theme focuses mostly on managing land, water and soil in an integrated way so that on-farm efficiency of water use increases, land degradation reduces and soil Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 65 nutrient remains intact. Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Development (C3T10) theme cover 15.5% of the total investment to further strengthen the innovation, knowledge and capacity building on climate change adaptation, mitigation and environmental issues. The Enhanced Finance (C3T7) theme receives 11% budget with a focus on proper implementation of the recommended actions, expansion of climate smart technologies, strengthening extension services, innovative research, capacity and skill development. Setting up crisis management fund for management of post-COVID19 regime and Delta fund for proper implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 as envisioned in the 8th Five Year Plan (2020-2025) and Perspective Plan (2021-2041), contributed to this allocation. Around 11% investment will go to Climate Smart Agriculture (C1T2) and Green Growth and Low Carbon Development (C1T4) each, around 7.5% allocation goes to Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management (C2T5) and Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management (C2T6). Institutions and Governance (C3T6) theme will receive 5.6% investment. Enhancing Local Level Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience (C1T1) and Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols (C3T9) themes will receive 2.6% and 1.7% investment respectively. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) will receive BDT 21,330 crore allocation (36.6%) for spearheading environmental protection and addressing climate change impacts, along with the special responsibilities of introducing Environmental Fiscal Framework to include environmental cost into budget and revenue through development of different financial instruments in coordination with Ministry of Finance (MoF). A total of BDT 20,515 crore (35.2%) has been allocated for Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and BDT 5,745 crore (9.8%) for Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL) as key stakeholders for combating climate change impacts in livestock and fisheries sub-sectors with extension of climate smart technologies and practices. In contrast, Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) has got BDT 3,150 crore (5.4%) for ensuring integrated land and water management, increasing water use efficiency for food security and poverty reduction. The role of Local Government is also important for successful extension services towards farm level. Thus, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MoLGRDC) has got BDT 2,550 crore (4.4%). Ministry of Planning (MoP) will receive (4%) of investment, as Establishment of Delta Fund has been vested upon to General Economics Division (GED) under this ministry. Ministry of Disaster Management and relief (MoDMR) will receive 3.4% of the allocation to tackle climate induced disaster and sudden shocks like COVID-19. The rest of the budget is distributed among Ministry of Commerce (MoC), Ministry of Industries (MoI) and Ministry of Food as lead ministries. However, involvement of many other ministries are foreseen as supporting or coordinating entities for successful implementation of this SAP ECC. Moreover, a total of 21 actions have been identified with potential for private sector investment/ engagement. In terms of project implementation duration, a total of BDT 24,570 crore will be required for short term (up to 3 years) actions, BDT 22,370 crore for medium term (up to 6 years) actions and BDT 11,300 crore for long term (up to 10 years) actions. A total of 50 short term, 32 medium term and 13 long term actions have been proposed. There is a gap is 8th FYP allocated budget for the ECC sector and the estimated budget in this SAP. This is due to the fact that, a lot of the initiatives are done by other ministries and will be included in the respective sector budget. Besides, as climate change impacts are creating more pressure on the sustainable development of the country, more financing sources from international arena and private sector should be actively harnessed. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change66 4.4 Investment Phasing Phasing of investment has been done based on the defined planning horizon comprising two five year planning cycles, i.e. 8th FYP (2021-2025) and 9th FYP (2025-2030). Short term actions are envisaged to be initiated immediately after approval of this plan. Last financial year of 8th FYP i.e., FY2024-25 would require higher investment arrangement for multi-stakeholders. Delta Fund Establishment process has been anticipated to initiate from the financial year FY2023-24. Similarly, Emergency crisis management fund creation for post COVID19 risk management for climate induced issues is anticipated to start from the FY2023-24. Gradual increased investment for climate smart agriculture, land and water management, pollution control and ecosystem management, extended and collaborative research for tackling environmental and climate change risk until end of 8th FYP would facilitate substantially to achieve the graduation of Least Development Country (LDC) status by 2026. Investment for green growth and low carbon development may be higher after the FY2026. Further, update of this plan before the 9th FYP would add and adjust new investment plan capturing the dynamics of risk and vulnerabilities. Following figure illustrates a potential phasing of investment for this sector action plan. Figure 4.2: Phasing of Investment for Implementation of SAP ECC Chapter 5 Implementation Strategies for the Sector Action Plan Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 69 Chapter 5: Implementation Strategies for the Sector Action Plan 5.1 Introduction This chapter elaborates on effective strategies for successful implementation of the Sector Action Plan, including the overall implementation process and framework required for institutional capacity building and coordination. It also stresses on the framework for reducing implementation risk and challenges, harnessing potential sources of public, private and international funds and monitoring and evaluation framework for ensuring progressive development and transparency. The chapter also discusses the strengthening of existing institutional and coordination framework for fruitful implementation of this plan. 5.2 Implementation Framework In order to execute the management, implementation, coordination and monitoring of the SAP ECC, a new unit/committee named National Environment and Climate Change Unit (NECCU) had been proposed in the SAP ECC. The NECCU will advance implementation of this SAP ECC via maintaining constant communication and guidance from the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Development Division of Planning Commission. The Technical Support Cell/committee should include identified line ministries, agencies, NGOs, CSOs, development partners, private sectors, research institutions and academia. Figure 5.1 illustrates the proposed ‘National Environment and Climate Change Unit’ within the current institutional and coordination framework. The NECCU will function under the supervision of the National Steering Committee on Environment and Climate Change (NSCECC) and the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) comprising of high-level policy makers and relevant experts. Figure 5.1: Institutional Framework for Implementing the SAP ECC The National Environment and Climate Change Unit (NECCU) will oversee the development, implementation, M&E of SAP ECC, and will comprise of 5 separate cells to carry out its functions. These include the Management and Coordination Cell; Planning, Appraisal and Project Selection Cell; External Coordination and Finance Cell; Monitoring and Evaluation Cell; and Technical Support Cell. Proposed functions of these cells with specific role and responsibilities are described below. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change70 5.2.1 Management and Coordination Cell The Management and Coordination Cell/ committee can include DoE, BFD, BCCT and AWRRI division, under the leadership of the MoEFCC. The cell will coordinate with key ministries, divisions, agencies related to SAP ECC to coordinate their activities for smooth implementation. Moreover, specific relevant crosscutting ministries such as the MoA, MoFL, MoL, MoFood, SREDA, MoWR, MoLGRDC, MoWCA, MoCHTA etc. will be directly coordinated by this cell. The cell will also manage implementation of ECC related projects and will work closely with the ministries and divisions to align ADP portfolios with SAP ECC policy objectives. The cell may create a knowledge hub, conduct information management activities, and partake in coordinating knowledge and data sharing and exchange of knowledge among parties relevant to the ECC sectors. In addition, this cell would connect with the ECDS cell of BBS to get access to the updated environment, climate change and disaster related statistics and information. This cell will facilitate adaptation and mitigation technology transfer from developed countries through Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) and Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM). 5.2.2 Planning, Appraisal and Project Selection Cell AWRRID can take lead of this cell with Programming Division of Planning Commission and IMED as members. The main function of this cell would be to conduct review, analysis and research of ECC related policies to facilitate the planning, appraisal and selection of projects for implementation. It can assist relevant negotiation teams in national and international platforms as well as plan and prepare the documents needed for negotiation and policy development. The cell will also conduct research regarding ECC related projects and use the data and knowledge for future planning. The AWRRID can oversee the alignment of the project planning with the relevant national plans like updated BCCSAP, National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan, and the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 to avoid potential investment overlapping. PD and IMED can advocate to include projects within the ADP in an inclusive way through examining proper resources allocation and ensuring appraisal of the projects within prescribed format. Inclusion of dedicated climate change and disaster risk screening through proper tool like DIA framework will need to be ensured as part of the appraisal and project selection process. The cell will prepare a common prioritization mechanism for project selection for the ministries, division or agencies working in the sector. The key implementing entities of this plan i.e., MoA and MoFL should establish a dedicated Climate Change Unit (CCU) to coordinate all planning, budgeting and appraisal related activities along with this Cell. These units can take technical support from renowned knowledge and research institutes in relevant areas such as CEGIS, C3ER, ICCCAD, BCAS etc. 5.2.3 External Coordination and Finance Cell The Ministry of Finance will lead this cell, with support from the ERD, GED BCCT and PPPA. Arrangement of funding, financial assessment for the projects will be the main duty of this cell, which will also look in on accessing foreign funds i.e., GCF, Adaptation Fund, Environment or Biodiversity related funds, Delta Funds etc. GED has been included in this Cell additionally to establish the Delta Funds through its planned Delta Wing and thereby finance implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100. The cell will maintain liaison with national implementing entities (NIEs) like IDCOL, PKSF and will try to manage accreditation from more NIEs from potential parties. The close collaboration with the development partners, PPPA under PMO, and private sectors for arrangement of funding will also be taken care of by this cell. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 71 5.2.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Cell IMED can take the lead of this cell. As the lead in preparation of this SAP, the AWRRID can also assume an important role in M&E. The cell will prepare a common internal M&E mechanism and guideline, as well as provide policy guidance for the relevant ministries, agencies and divisions to track the progress of implementation. They will compile the progress and implementation reports of sectoral agencies and submit it to AWRRID so that AWRRID can provide policy feedback as per requirement. They will also seek suggestion from the External Coordination and Finance Cell for assistance in fund allocation for the M&E mechanism. The cell will also conduct overall M&E for the projects with the input of IMED utilizing the prescribed result-based M&E framework of the SAP ECC. This cell should also coordinate with the ECCDS cell and SDGs tracker to be aligned and consistent with the national progress. The system level monitoring may be facilitated through tracking consistent progress with the National Priority Indicators (NPI) for Environment and Climate Change sector stated in 8th Five-year Plan. 5.2.5 Technical Support Cell This cell will consist of multi-disciplinary members from various line ministries, agencies, civil society, development partners, private sector, academia etc. to support the other cells. The line ministries are also implementing climate relevant programs through ADPs. The environment and climate change focal points for each ministry and agency can work together in the cell headed by MoEFCC. It can improve and build-on the current Development Project Proforma (DPP) formulation for climate change adaptation (CCA) projects as well as streamline mainstreaming of climate change considerations in projects. The cell can also assist in M&E of projects. This cell and also support different programmes interventions via successful piloting of research outputs in, and facilitate partnerships and knowledge sharing among different stakeholders related to environment and climate change for enhancing the overall quality of implementation. Hence, this multi-stakeholder cell will act as an important part of SAP implementation by providing expert support to all the other cells of the NECCU. Analyzing the scopes and investment plan of this SAP ECC under different thematic areas, the key implementing entities found include DoE and BFD under MoEFCC, DAE, Agriculture Research Institutes (ARIs) like BARC, BRRI, BARI, BINA, BJRI, BSRI, SRDI, BMDA, DAM, CDB, BIRTAN, BADC, NATA, AIS, SCA, Hortex Foundation under MoA and DoF, DLS, BFRI, BLRI, and BFDC under MoFL as prime stakeholders of this plan considering climate smart agriculture. However, other ministries and line agencies are also integrated with this cross cutting sectoral plan. They are: DBHWD, WARPO, BWDB, CEGIS, IWM under MoWR, LGD, City Corporations, WASAs, RDCD, LGED, DPHE under MoLGRDC, SREDA under MoPEMR, DDM under MoDMR, MoI, BBS under MoP, Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) etc. While, many other stakeholders are identified as supporting or coordinating entities which include, AWRRID, GED and PD of Planning Commission, MoWCA, MoS, MoC, MoRTB, LGIs, District Administration, Academia like BAU, SAU, private sectors, IUCN, ICCCAD, C3ER, CCAFS CGIAR, CIMMYT, FAO, IRRI, World Fish, IFPRI, IDCOL, PKSF etc. The SAP ECC will not remain limited to these mentioned agencies or ministries only, rather keep close liaison and coordination with other agencies as per requirement for fruitful implementation of the plan such as development partners, civil society, private sectors, regional and global network, NGOs or INGOs are also have strong role on this. Besides, the research institutes and universities have a significant role in transforming knowledge into practice through new and innovative ideas for battling climate change impacts. Partnership and knowledge sharing among different research or academia related to environment and climate change could enhance the overall quality of implementation. Bangladesh Country Investment Plan Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change72 for Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (2016-2020) listed relevant research institutes and universities those are engaging in the endeavour of environment and climate change areas, blended with those this SAP ECC identified an updated list which are as follows: ● Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Cumilla ● Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh ● Bangladesh Agriculture Research Council (BARC) ● Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) ● Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS) ● Bangladesh Development Research Centre (BDRC) ● Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) ● Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) ● Bangladesh Institute for Development Studies (BIDS) ● Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) ● Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) ● Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) ● Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) ● Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) ● Cotton Development Board (CDB) ● Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition (BIRTAN) ● Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) ● Center for Climate Change & Sustainability Research, DUET ● Center for Environmental and Climate Change Research (CECCR), CUET ● Center of Energy Research (CER), UIU ● Centre for Climate Change and Environment Research (C3ER), BRAC University ● Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) ● Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) ● Climate Change & Health Promotion Unit, Ministry of Health ● Climate Resilient Local Infrastructure Center (CreLIC), LGED ● Department of Agroforestry & Environment at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University ● Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University ● Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University Rangpur ● Department of Forestry and Environmental Science at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet ● Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University ● Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University ● Institute for Forestry and Environmental Sciences at Chattogram University ● Different departments and Institutes of University of Dhaka ● Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi ● Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), BUET ● Institute of Water Modeling (IWM) ● International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), Independent University ● International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) ● National Academy for Planning and Development (NAPD) ● National Agriculture Training Academy (NATA) ● National Agriculture Research System (NARI) Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 73 ● National Institute for Local Government (NILG) ● Policy Research Institute (PRI) ● Research Centre, North South University ● River Research Institute (RRI), Faridpur ● Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogura ● Sylhet Agricultural University Research System (SAURES) ● Sher e Bangla Agriculture University (SAU) 5.3 Capacity Building and Strengthening of Institutions Earlier chapter outlined the capacity needs for institutions after thorough gap analysis and consulting stakeholdery. Further, the 8th Five Year Plan was substantially reviewed to get planned strategies for capacity building and strengthening of institutions in respect to sector ECC focusing on environment and climate change risk management for agriculture, land and water. This plan recommends some priority areas for capacity building and institutional strengthening. This plan also recognizes the need for transformative capacity building of relevant sectoral stakeholders, and has identified the following priority areas– Adequate Human Resources and Skill Development of Key Stakeholders The crisis of inadequate human resources hinders the overall development pace and generate less effective outcome of any initiatives. Especially, inadequate work force is reported in agriculture extension services. A Sub-Assistant Agricultural Officer (SAAO) serves on an average 1,162 farm holdings, which is an impossible target as outlined inside the 8th Five Year Plan (BBS, 2019; DAE, 2017). Similar situation is prevailing for other stakeholders as well, like DoF, DLS, BFRI, BLRI, DoE, LGD or LGIs. Therefore, adequate human resources should be recruited and necessary skill development trainings should be introduced for them to increase their efficiency. Furthermore, special capacity building initiatives should be undertaken among mid-level and young officials to develop their skills on climate change negotiation process and related aspects. Development of Holistic Research System to Minimize Yield Gaps and Achieve Nutrition Security The Government initiated the National Agricultural Technology Programme-Phase 2 Project (NATP2) to disseminate different rice yield gap minimization technologies. The project claims to minimize yield gaps in the demonstration plots by 1.05 t/ha (through 25% yield increase over conventional farmer practices), 1.20 t/ha (22% yield increase) and 0.61 t/ha (17% yield increase) for Aman, Boro and Aus season, respectively. However, the widespread adoption of the technologies remains a concern, particularly when the extension services in the country is yet considered to be moderately efficient. Increasing the efficiency of existing extension services would ensure proper demonstrations of the invented technologies and their farm level requirement to get expected yield similar to research lab. On the other hand, agriculture researches are being conducted by NARS institutes form a holistic team of multi-disciplinary scientists in a limited manner. Taking care of all aspects of research products like nutrient contents of a newly invented HYV or stress tolerant varieties become difficult to maintain or check in most of the cases. Similar situation prevails in case of livestock research as well. There has been very limited research on livestock management for potential impacts on production due to regenerative changes by climate change. Hence, a holistic research system needs to be developed comprising multi-disciplinary scientists to keep intact all potential nutrient and mineral contents instead of high focus of increasing productivity only. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change74 Intensive Research and Piloting on CSA and Enhanced Investment for Research Intensive research and implementation level piloting programs should be undertaken for introducing and expanding climate smart agriculture, especially in terms of different emerging practices and technologies like floating seed bed, vertical farming, increasing on-farm water use efficiency, quality seed, crop diversification and intensification based on future demand, livestock cross breeding, marine fisheries and aquaculture, regenerative changes of livestock and fisheries and its impact on dairy products and protein and nutrition demand, innovative soil and livestock manure management, AWD, IPM, Nature based solutions like floating agriculture, agro-forestry development etc. Thus, allocation of adequate budget should be kept to facilitate these research and piloting programs. Apart from research, adequate budget should be there to manage any sudden crisis like post-COVID-19 regime with respect to keeping up the food security assurance. More research on developing climate resilient agriculture for post-COVID-19 sustainable Bangladesh will need to be conducted. Collaborative research and piloting programs with IFAD, CIAT, FAO, CCAFS CGIAR, IRRI, World Fish, CIMMYT, IFPRI, WFP etc. need to be developed in this regard. Establishment of Delta Fund will also accelerate the investment crisis for land and water management to fight climate induced disasters. Enhancing Knowledge and Awareness of Private Sectors Private sectors are less interested to invest in large scale adaptation programs, where lack of knowledge and awareness related to potential risk management and getting desired return in short time instigate them to be more conservative. Frequent knowledge development and awareness building programs should be organized to equip them about different available tools and techniques for risk transfer. They should be well sensitized regarding the priority areas of climate smart agriculture, value chain, commercialization, agri-business or others mentioned in sub-sections later with potential incentives mechanism for engaging them in different level of project implementation. Capacity Development of Farmers and Fishermen Regarding Climate Smart Agriculture Capacity building initiatives, especially hands on or field level demonstrations for farmers or fishermen or livestock farmers regarding climate smart agriculture practices, mechanization, maintenance of machineries, should be undertaken parallel to strengthening the extension services. These capacity building initiatives will increase the adaptive capacity of farmers or fishermen, support to minimize yield gaps ensuring application of appropriate technologies and developing desired environment at farm level, minimize land degradation and maintain agro-ecosystem. On the other hand, it will also increase the efficiency of the intuitions responsible for extension. Accelerated initiatives for Alternative Income Generation Activities (AIGA) and low interest-based credit access facilities will need to be undertaken engaging NGOs, CSOs and private sectors to tackle environmental and climate change risk in agriculture system and potential loss of income and employment. Data and Information Management and Smart Agriculture Market Development based on ICT Development of a smart system utilizing the power of ICT can contribute to the booming of agriculture market through e-commercialization, ensuring desired value of production at farm level and maintaining sustainable value chain, ease the export industries and increasing the contribution towards GDP, food and nutrition security. Small or Medium Entrepreneurs should be promoted and provisions of adequate incentives or subsidies should be made available in this regard. Development of umbrella e-markets, mobile apps, fast and efficient delivery mechanism and ensuring consumer rights properly should be done to facilitate this process. On the other hand, agriculture information services are also important Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 75 to equip the farmers or fishers with required information on agro meteorology, technologies, fertilizer or soil management etc. Management Information System (MIS) should be developed for relevant stakeholders to manage and disseminate such data, information and knowledge to farmers. Farmers should be well trained to avail these services and understand the provided information. Development of Fertilizer Use Information System, Livestock Manure Management System, Online Integrated Pest and Diseases Management System, Smart Monitoring System of Emission from Agriculture, Mobile Apps etc. are foreseen to be initiated to extend climate smart agriculture all over Bangladesh. Development of Gender and Youth Inclusive Planning Framework Inclusion of women, as well as disable and indigenous people in farming, fisheries, poultry and livestock practices are in the plan. Department of Youth Development can play significant role in providing training and engaging youth in this process. This plan envisages to develop gender and youth inclusion framework for integration in agriculture, fisheries and livestock planning process. Increased Partnership, Networking and Coordination Last but not the least, partnerships and networking with national and global networks, CSOs, Platforms, business networks, entrepreneurs, research institutes should be increased for showcasing, demonstrating and exchanging knowledge, data and information related to climate smart agriculture and agro-ecosystem management with other similar countries. Development of Delta knowledge hub, increased collaboration with Delta Coalition countries, collaborative research with international research programs will support this process. Furthermore, it stressed on maintaining strong coordination among multi-level and multi sectoral stakeholders as identified during stakeholder mapping and implementation framework of this plan. All these recommended interventions for capacity building and strengthening institutions are incorporated inside the investment plan of this plan to be started immediately. 5.4 Potential Sources of Fund and Financing Strategies 5.4.1 Potential Sources of Fund Due to increased the vulnerabilities of the country imposed by climate change, Government is always giving emphasis on increasing the budget allocation to tackle the climate change phenomenon and reduce its adverse impacts on environment and physical systems. Government currently spends US$1 billion a year, around 6 to 7 per cent of its annual budget (MoF, 2020), on climate change adaptation, which is nearly a fifth of the US$5.7 billion, that the World Bank estimates Bangladesh will need as adaptation finance by 2050. Three-quarters of money spent on climate change in the country comes directly from the government, while the rest comes from international development partners. The Bangladesh Bank and other private and state-owned banks are also providing green financing for climate change related businesses and projects. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change76 Source: CFF, 2020 Figure 5.2: Climate Funds Flow in Bangladesh GoB has established the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) in 2009 for funding climate change related activities particularly implementation of BCCSAP (2009). The Government channels every year resources for significant investment in projects/programs for ensuring climate resilience. Up to FY2020-21, BCCTF received a total allocation of Tk. 3,900 crore and till August 2020, a total of 789 projects under BCCTF have been approved of which 728 projects are implemented by the Government Ministries/Divisions while the remaining 61 projects were implemented by different NGOs under the supervision of Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF). Food Security, Social Protection and Health received the highest allocation across the years under review followed by Infrastructure. It appears that out of the total climate change relevant allocation, the share of Food Security, Social Protection and Health is 41.3 percent and that of Infrastructure is 26.0 percent in FY2020-21. Apart from BCCTF, the Government of Bangladesh can access required funds from various internal funding windows for implementation of this plan. The Adaption Fund, Climate Investment Funds, UN REDD Readiness Program, Green Climate Fund (GCF), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Program (ASAP), Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA), Bio-carbon Fund, Clean Technology Fund, Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Fund, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, European Union Global Climate Change Alliance Plus (EUGCC+), Nature+Accelerator Fund, International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD), Blue Action Fund, Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) etc. are some of the noteworthy potential sources of funding for environment and climate change related projects. Some of these funds are not large enough for bigger projects and should be considered for small scale projects on research, study, capacity building, institutional strengthening etc. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 77 In order to tackle the planet’s most pressing environmental problems the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Trust Fund was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit providing support to government agencies, civil society organizations, private sector companies, research institutions, among the broad diversity of potential partners, to implement projects and programs in recipient countries. Global Environment Facility (GEF) Trust Fund has funded 43 projects in Bangladesh, with a total of US$160 million in the form of grant and US$1037 million as additional co-financing. GEF also manages the UNFCCC funds including the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and the Adaptation Fund. These funds have smaller amounts of funding available. Green Climate Fund (GCF) was created to support the efforts of developing countries to respond to the challenge of climate change, helps them to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate change (CFF, 2020). Bangladesh has so far received US$ 94.7 million as grant from GCF for four projects that include Enhancing Adaptive Capacities of Coastal Communities, Especially Women, to cope with Climate Change Induced Salinity. The fund can be accessed either through Economic Relations Division (ERD) as National Designated Authority (NDA) of GCF and through Accredited Entities of the country which are Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) and Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF). Founded under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) Adaptation Fund is an international fund that finances projects and programs in order to help developing countries to adapt to the harmful effects of climate change. Since 2010, the Adaptation Fund has committed more than US$ 830 million for climate change adaptation and resilience projects and programs, including more than 120 concrete, localized projects in the most vulnerable communities of developing countries around the world with 28 million total beneficiaries. It also pioneered Direct Access, empowering countries to access funding and develop projects directly through accredited national implementing entities. In 2014, it launched the Readiness Program for Climate Finance, designed to capture and share the growing experiences of AF direct access and other climate finance in order to strengthen the capacity of national and regional entities to receive and manage climate financing. Adaptation Fund finances climate adaptation projects comprising agriculture; coastal zone management; disaster risk reduction; food security; forests; multisector projects; rural development; urban development; water management sector. So far, Bangladesh has accessed the AF for the project titled “Adaptation Initiative for Climate Vulnerable Offshore Small Islands and Riverine Char land in Bangladesh”. Countries must submit proposals through an accredited institution such as the National Implementing Entities (NIEs); Regional Implementing Entities (RIEs); Multilateral Implementing Entities (MIEs). Climate Investment Fund- Till now, 9 projects in Bangladesh are funded by CIF and the government of Bangladesh is investing CIF funds in climate resilience planning and projects across critical sectors and in developing domestic renewable energy resources in addition to poverty reduction and achieving sustainable development objectives. A total of $110 million in grants and near-zero interest credits from the PPCR is improving climate resilient agriculture and food security; strengthening the security and reliability of fresh water supply, sanitation, and infrastructure; and enhancing the resilience of coastal communities and infrastructure. Another $75 million in grants and low-cost financing from the SREP is helping to kick-start investment in utility-scale renewable energy projects and expand off-grid solar markets. By targeting regulatory, financial, and technical barriers, SREP financing aims to attract early investors, keep the cost of energy more affordable for customers, and demonstrate market potential to stimulate future investment. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change78 To support the adaptation needs of 48 developing countries classified as LDCs the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) was established in 2001 by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties. LDCF has financed $159.46 million through granting 5 projects and co-financing 5 projects in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh is graduating from LDC countries, in future, scope for this fund will reduce. Additionally, several bilateral and multi-lateral technical agencies and financial institutions provide funding in the form of both grants and loans, which are recognized as international funding. There are international private financial institutions that also provide loans in different forms. Some of these financial institutions provide financial services in the means of equity or risk sharing. Also, there are international insurance agencies that provide different types insurance packages. Bilateral and Multilateral Channels- In addition to these funds, other significant channel of climate funding for Bangladesh are bilateral development assistance agencies such as DFID of the United Kingdom, USAID of the United States, Swedish SIDA, GIZ of Germany etc. Multilateral banks such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) and UN agencies such as UNDP, UNEP etc. also provide climate funding. Private Funding- Private sector funds from developed countries to developing countries are likely to become a significant source of climate funding. This is primarily because of the fact that the investment community is realizing that they are living in a situation, which is highly volatile, and this may further aggravate due to climate change. However, given the profit motive, which drives private investments, they will mostly be investing in mitigation rather than in adaptation activities, as it is quite difficult to generate revenue from adaptation intervention. CSR funds from the private sector at present are typically being used for socio-economic development, such as construction of schools. There is a window of opportunity for funding to be obtained from the private sector, by encouraging more private sector on spending their CSR funds in collaborative way for climate change related projects. Apart from the different climate financing sources, funding for implementation of this ECC sector plan can be harnessed and mobilized through different Environment or biodiversity fund. Moreover, the financing should be performed in a coordinated way so that climate financing can be done as part of financial solutions like investment in solid waste management, which have co-benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation, further investment from climate funding sources may not be required or may be reduced. The resources may be harnessed from other funds as well. Such as, “Debt-for-nature” swaps have proved successful, for example, although most such swaps have been fairly small, relative to both the debt of many developing countries and their conservation and development needs. The Environment Fund is a true green investment – and benefits all nations or member states of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). In 2020, the Environment Fund provided US$ 74.2 million, or 15 percent, of UN Environment Program’s (UNEP) total income. This fund also channelizes funds for capacity building and transfer of technological innovations. Nature+ Accelerator Fund is going to be launched in 2021 by IUCN to promote and invest in nature based solutions including the following areas: Marine conservation and coastal resilience; smallholder production systems and sustainable agriculture; ecosystem conservation and restoration; and innovation in services, finance, and technology. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 79 This fund will create evidence of a suite of nature-based solutions (NbS) aligned with the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions while creating significant impact on biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, reducing the risk of extinction of species, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the UNFCCC Paris Agreement. International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) Smallholder farmers are on the frontline of climate change and environmental risk from increasing temperature, erratic rainfall, pest infestations, rising sea levels, and extreme events such as floods, droughts, landslides, typhoons and heat waves. Thereby, The Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Program (ASAP) is IFAD’s flagship program for channeling climate and environmental finance to smallholder farmers focusing on policy engagement; climate risk assessment; women’s empowerment; private sector engagement; climate services; natural resource management and governance and knowledge management activities. So far, IFAD has been investing in poor rural women and men in Bangladesh for almost 40 years aiming to enable poor people in vulnerable areas to better adapt their livelihoods to climate change; help small producers and entrepreneurs benefit from improved value chains and greater market access; and empower marginalized groups, including poor rural women, both economically and socially. IFAD has invested in infrastructure benefiting extremely poor people in Bangladesh, particularly women; value chains supporting landless and marginal farmers, smallholder producers and rural entrepreneurs. In addition, IFAD also has a number of research and grant-funded activities in Bangladesh, including partnerships with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), World Fish, World Food Program, the World Bank and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Smallholder Agricultural Competitiveness Project; Promoting Resilience of Vulnerable Community through Access to Infrastructure, Improved Skills and Information; National Agricultural Technology Program - Phase II Project; Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises Project; Haor Infrastructure and Livelihood Improvement Project Climate Adaptation and Livelihood Protection; Char Development and Settlement Project IV are some of the noteworthy projects that IFAD has provided fund in Bangladesh. Blue Action Fund supports marine conservation projects that are implemented by NGOs in their efforts to conserve the ocean and improve the livelihoods of coastal communities in developing countries. Blue Action Fund provides grants to selected conservation projects in marine protected areas (MPAs) and their buffer zones, targeting the most sensitive coastal waters of Africa, Latin America and Asia/ Pacific and focusing on projects with measurable outcomes. The fund prioritizes those projects that are realized in an area with significant biodiversity that is recognized as an MPA or has the potential to achieve formal recognition as an MPA during the lifetime of the project; contribute to marine protection and sustainable livelihoods in coastal communities; tested and scalable; show a measurable impact within the duration of the project; and ask for a Blue Action Fund contribution of €1–3 million and have a duration of three to five years while providing grants. In case of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) the priority criteria will be well-grounded in the target country; have experience of the size and type of project proposed; and are willing to fund at least 25% of the total project costs (‘match funding’). A list of possible funding organization under the thematic areas of this Action Plan is presented in the following Table 5.1. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change80 Table 5.1: Potential Funding Sources for the Thematic Areas Broad Categories Thematic Area Potential Funding Windows Addressing Climate Change issues C1T1: Enhancing Local Level Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience ● ADB Climate Change Fund ● IFC Climate Investment Fund ● Adaptation Fund ● International Fund for Agriculture (IFAD) ● Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) C1T2: Climate Smart Agriculture ● ADB Climate Change Fund ● IFC Climate Investment Fund ● Adaptation Fund ● International Fund for Agriculture (IFAD) ● Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) C1T3: Sustainable Land and Water Management ● ADB Climate Change Fund ● IFC Climate Investment Fund ● Adaptation Fund ● Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) ● Blue Action Fund ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) C1T4: Green Growth and Low Carbon Development ● ADB Climate Change Fund ● IFC Climate Investment Fund ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) ● Bio Carbon Fund ● Clean Technology Fund ● REDD+ Fund Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management C2T5: Pollution Control, Pest and Diseases Management ● Adaptation Fund ● Nature + Accelerator Fund ● International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) ● Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) ● World Bank ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) ● ADB Climate Change Fund Environmental Pollution Control, Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management C2T6: Ecosystem and Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management ● IFC Climate Investment Fund ● Adaptation Fund ● Nature + Accelerator Fund ● Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund ● International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) ● Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) ● World Bank ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) ● ADB Climate Change Fund ● REDD+ Fund Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 81 Broad Categories Thematic Area Potential Funding Windows Cross Cutting C3T7: Enhanced Financing ● Global Environment Facility (GEF) ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) ● World Bank ● ADB Climate Change Fund C3T8: Institutions and Governance ● International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) ● Global Environment Facility Trust Fund (GEF) ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) ● World Bank ● ADB Climate Change Fund C3T9: Compliance and obligations under MEAs and UN conventions/ protocols ● Global Environment Facility (GEF) ● United Nations (UN) C3T10: Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Capacity Development ● ADB Climate Change Fund ● Global Environment Facility (GEF) ● Adaptation Fund ● International Fund for Agriculture (IFAD) ● Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) ● Green Climate Fund (GCF) ● Nature + Accelerator Fund ● REDD+ Fund 5.4.2 Strategies for Financing Accessing international climate finance can be a challenging task; the complicated architecture of international climate and environment finance appears to be a kind of barrier for countries such as Bangladesh. Fund delivery modalities induce competitive environment for the developing countries and their delivery partners in managing their shares in international climate finance. Enhanced institutional capacity is a pre-condition to overcome the access barriers as most of these funds follow high standard fiduciary systems and environmental and social safeguards. Good management practice, transparency, and track records all are essential to gain direct access to international climate finance. Many multi-lateral development partners run global readiness programs for LDCs to enable them to access international climate finance. For example, GIZ, UNDP, and GCF offer readiness support which mainly focus on enhancing institutional capacity of the focal point and NDA (national designated authority), identifying the potential NIEs (national implementing entities) and their capacity building and developing strategic framework or project pipeline for the funds. It depends on the country capacity to make the best use of readiness support and get equipped for direct access to climate funds. National Designated Authority (NDA) is a government-designated institution or agency in a country with the role of facilitating interface and function as the main point of communication between the country and the GCF. The Economic Relations Division of Ministry of Finance is the NDA for Bangladesh. On the other hand, National Implementing Entities (NIE) are accredited entities that are expected to mobilize and manage GCF finance in a country. Till date, two institutions in Bangladesh have been accredited as NIEs. The NIEs are: Infrastructure Development Company Ltd. (IDCOL) and Palli Karma Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change82 Sahayak Foundation (PKSF). Other potential NIEs are: Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Climate Change Trust (BCCT) and Department of Environment (DoE). In addition, Multilateral Implementing Entities are also operating in Bangladesh to facilitate the mobilization of fund for climate financing. They are: ● United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ● Asian Development Bank (ADB) ● Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ● International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) - World Bank (WB) ● International Finance Corporation (IFC) ● International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) ● Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmBH ● European Investment Bank (EIB) ● International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ● Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ● Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) ● United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ● World Food Programme (WFP) ● World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ● Agence Française de Développement (AFD) ● HSBC Holdings plc Coordination and collaboration with the NDA, NIEs or MIEs in case of climate funds or accessing other assistance tools for environment and biodiversity conservation related funds are thus very important and highly recommended to ensure proper financing of proposed actions along with the Government’s contribution. In this regard, strengthening of existing NIEs and accreditation of other NIEs are envisaged to be done gradually through this plan implementation period. However, updated Climate Fiscal Framework (2020) stated that the main challenge for the government departments is the mismatch between accessing criteria and the country systems and practices in relation to public finance systems. Bangladesh will be deprived of the climate funding from GCF if the public-sector entities of the country meet those criteria. While the public-sector entities of the country have quite a robust planning, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation framework, they all have solid experience of implementing projects using this framework. Considering the existing systems and procedures of the country, the accessing criteria introduced by the GCF should be reconsidered for Bangladesh given its extreme vulnerability to climate change. Loss and damages caused by frequent and intense climate change induced disasters can put significant risk on public finances with major fiscal implications in the short-term and wider long-term implications for development. Transfer of risk through appropriate financial instruments can ease the immediate financial burden reducing or avoiding long-term costs to public financial stability, economic growth and human development (CFF, 2020). There is an overriding need to test risk cover innovation beyond Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 83 traditional credit mechanism and disaster-relief programs to effectively safeguard the rural population in Bangladesh. Insurance may stand in good stead to provide risk cover for the rural farmers. The absence of insurance support retards development because smallholders cannot take risk in investing in fixed capital or concentrating on profitable activities and crops for fear of losing them and falling into debt. Thus, a critical task for the public sector will be to support the private sector in financial risk sharing. The greater involvement of the private sector is critical if Bangladesh is to prepare itself for both the challenges and opportunities of climate change. The companies in Bangladesh are yet to consider the impact of climate change on their existing activities. While the benefit and importance of private sector engagement in the battle against climate change is much debated, the reality is that in Bangladesh, most of the private entities perceive climate change either as an irrelevant, or at best, an extension of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The existing insurance policy neither adequately addresses climate issues, nor does it target the differentiated impact of climate change on different socio-economic groups such as women and people with disabilities and ethnic minorities. The existing insurance policy, therefore, needs to be reviewed, in partnership with Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority (IDRA), to identify areas where innovative tools related to climate risk transfer issues can be included. Parallel to the tax or insurance instruments, provision of introducing climate bonds is also recommended for reducing challenges regarding inactiveness of secondary capital market, increasing coordination among the key market players/stakeholders in the public and private sector, and introducing appropriate rules and regulations for ensuring good governance and building trust among the potential investors. Updated Climate Fiscal Framework 2020 suggested to revisit and update the existing medium-term debt strategy including climate bonds as promising financing windows. Similar to the Climate Fiscal Framework (CFF, 2020), the 8th Five Year Plan (2020-2025) specifically outlines strategic actions to introduce Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR), which can reduce pricing distortions at present undermining sound environmental management, as current fiscal policy lacks adequate instruments to achieve environmental sustainability. Introduction and proper implementation of ‘Polluters Pay Principles’ and ‘Beneficiary Pay Principles’ would reinforce this effort, i.e. to incentivize Green Growth by sustainable production and consumption. On this front, this plan includes two relevant actions for Agroecosystem management in a sustainable way e.g. Piloting of Polluter’s Pay Principle and Beneficiaries Pay Principle for Reducing Pollution and Over Agro-Chemicals Use and Development of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme for Breeding of Carp Fisheries in Halda River supporting Livelihoods of Fishermen. Development and implementation of pricing policies of water supply, sanitation and waste management will supplement the gradual transformation of Green Public Financial Management (GPFM). In parallel to this, introducing Environmental Pay Item (EPI) for inside the schedule of rates for any infrastructure development related project could also be an effective instrument along with appropriate tax or incentives tool. Integration and coordination of CFF and EFR are very important through this process. However, following priority actions are emphasized in the 8th FYP to successfully turn the Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) into operation: ● Coordinating NAP, BCCSAP, CIP, NAP and NDC with BDP 2100 ● Mainstreaming EFR within Ministry of Finance (MoF) developing effective partnerships with several local research institutions that can support with EFR policy formulation Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change84 ● Improving the capacity of MoEFCC and Increased Partnerships for MoEFCC ● Increasing the role of LGIs through establishing WASAs in 7 divisional cities by 2025, introducing adequate financial accounting and reporting standards, developing MIS system for each urban LGI that provides basic information on the water production and consumption, water use efficiency, pricing, quality and demand etc. and strengthening the capabilities of the MoLGRDC that provides oversight to LGIs for providing better guidance, supervision and monitoring of LGIs. ● Development of “Water and Sanitation Regulatory Agency” (WASRA) for regulating public and private utilities engaged with supply water and sanitation services and setting prices ensuring equitable pricing policy engaging both public and private sectors ● Decentralization of Environmental Management establishing formal coordinating mechanism between the national and local government environmental agencies, adopting participatory approach and policy reforms to engage LGIs for oversight of environmental management Further, the Ministry of Planning is preparing different sector action plans, which is aimed to be implemented through ADP. The fund allocated there relevant to environment and climate change can also be optimized before selecting projects for this plan. Key stakeholders of this plan for resources optimization should maintain a strong coordination with GED, PD, MoEFCC and MoF. 5.5 Strategies for Delta Fund Establishment The General Economics Division (GED) under the Planning Commission has already taken the lead of this fund establishment process. It has been estimated that around 2.5% of GNI will be required till 2030. This plan further extends the efforts to accelerate the process of the delta fund establishment with some specific strategic guidelines, which are as following: ● Establishment of Delta Wing in GED and required policy and regulatory framework like the Delta Act for the Bangladesh Delta Fund taking lessons learnt from Dutch Delta Fund and Delta Works Commission ● Increased partnerships, coordination and collaboration with 13 member countries of Delta Coalition to foster their aspirations to increase opportunities for financing in order to facilitate implementation of projects that will reduce vulnerability to climate change ● A total 34 projects among 80 have been identified as climate relevance projects amounts to around $US 2.5 billion can be channelized from public climate fund like BCCTF and international climate funds such as Green Climate Fund (GCF), Adaptation Fund or other ones as mentioned in earlier sections. Therefore, capacity building of relevant institutions and agencies to access global climate funds ● Special agreement can be done with the GCF or GEF for financing delta plan projects aiming to tackle adverse impacts of climate change and water related disasters and achieve food security ● Bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements need to be explored and performed with development partners such as the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, German Governments, UNDP to provide low interest and high grace period concessional loans or grants to form the fund ● Apart from public allocations through Annual Development Program (ADP) and climate funds, several environment and biodiversity funds, Agri research funds, Nature+ Accelerator Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 85 etc. may also be explored to access and mobilize funds to Delta Funds with systematic oversight of utilization through GED, IMED, PD and LGIs. ● More opportunities to engage private sectors are needed to be established to invest for delta projects introducing proper financial instruments for earning desired profits or co-benefits from their investment ● Extending the participatory water management and developing business model for community-based funding for small scale projects and actions under delta plan 5.6 Strategies for Private Sector Engagement Private sector has a huge potential on ECC sector investment, particularly for climate smart agriculture, emission reduction, strengthening extension services, social inclusion etc. This plan identified 21 actions, which are suitable for Private Sector Engagement (PSE). Bangladesh still lacks necessary policy interventions and institutional arrangements to popularize this process. Private sector investors mainly engage in mitigation projects rather than going for adaptation projects, as mitigation projects are comparatively easy and requires short-term monitoring and fast return. Thereby, to increase private sector investment in both adaptation and mitigation projects/ processes addressing the prevailing challenges, more concentrated efforts should start immediately. These should introduce proper policy, legal and institutional framework, increasing networking and partnerships by Public-Private-Partnership Authority (PPPA), capacity building, knowledge enrich and awareness building of relevant private sector investors and stakeholders, proper and easy to follow selection criteria development for investors selection, developing required financial instruments such as taxation or incentives, ease the modalities of engagement, and finally, ensuring the proper monitoring, transparency, evaluation and coordination. Following four steps (Figure 5.3) should be followed to enhance the private sector engagement. Figure 5.3: Steps to Enhance Private Sector Engagement To develop enabling environment for private sector investments and potential risk management, Government has developed policy and strategies for Public-Private-Partnership (PPPs) in 2010. These strategies offer different types of incentives such as Viability Gap Fund to provide financial subsidy up to 30% of total project cost for PPP projects having high socio-economic value, Public Private Partnership Technical Assistance Financing, Fiscal Incentives like tax benefit following CSR provisions etc. Further, Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change86 government has permitted the submission of unsolicited proposals for the delivery of PPP projects and the unsolicited bidder is incentivized through the application of either the Swiss Challenge System or Bonus System to encourage the private investor participation and innovation in PPP projects. Moreover, some implementation modalities have also been developed like Build-Own-Operate (BOO), Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT), Design-Build-Finance-Operate Maintain (DBFOM). Among these modalities, DBFOM is quite popular specially to attract private finance in selected projects of BDP2100 where private company will be responsible for financing, building, and operating a facility to provide services to users. The DBFOM structure also provides incentives to ensure proper operations and maintenance. In addition, international climate funds like GCF or GEF or LDCF and development fund like UNDP, World Bank, ADB have their own mechanism to engage private sectors like the Private Sector Facility of GCF. Private agencies can start their engagement by following required steps with the GCF through the Private Sector Facility (PSF), specifically established to engage the local and global private sector to support climate change mitigation and adaptation projects in developing countries. Economic Relations Division (ERD) can play a significant role to sensitize private sectors to attract them for investment as NDA of GCF. The Kampala Principles promote ownership of private sector engagement (PSE) through development of co-operation by partner countries, ensure the alignment of PSE projects, and programs with national sustainable development priorities. These Principles build upon and complement the Busan principles for effective development co-operation, address key challenges and opportunities presented by PSE in development co-operation, recognize the heterogeneity and diversity of the private sector, are geared towards supporting national and global sustainable development priorities, including the 2030 Agenda and the spirit of helping those furthest behind, are suggested for voluntary use by the diverse range of development co-operation and private sector actors engaged in country-level partnerships. Figure 5.4: The Kampala Principles for Effective Private Sector Engagement (PSE) Successful application of these principles in 3 countries including Bangladesh are illustrated in the following infographics (Figure 5.5), whose lessons learnt can be applied in many other areas and initiatives of this plan. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 87 Figure 5.5: Success Stories of Kampala Principles Focusing on agriculture, land, water, soil and agro-ecosystem management private sectors can be engaged in popularizing the various climate smart agriculture (CSA) agenda such as involving in cross-breeding, solar irrigation system, development of renewable energy-based farm system, bio gas plants, popularization of AWD, IPM, buried pipe and mulching, e-commercialization of agriculture productions, marine fisheries and aquaculture and dairy products etc. Sometimes, seed growers face difficulties in obtaining seeds from government research institutes and in that case increased coordination and involvement of private sector would improve farmers’ access. Farm mechanization, capacity building of farmers for machineries uses and maintenance, index-based insurance introduction, easing low interest-based credit access, promoting efficient fertilizer use, precision agriculture, livestock manure management, investing in sustainable food and ensuring food safety are some priority areas where the private sectors can engage and invest. Expansion of organic farming, floating seedbed for flood resilience, floating vegetable farming and executing different nature-based solutions for climate change adaptations are also suitable areas where the private sectors can play significant role beside the direct investment to large projects or in terms of financing to distribute burden over public investments. Further, the private sector can play a significant role in providing different income generation options and its related training for capacity development, different loan schemes for farmers, women and marginal groups, knowledge management initiatives to collect and restore indigenous knowledge through advertising, awareness building programs, social resources mapping and vulnerability mapping at the community level etc. 5.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation of SAP is recommended to be headed by the Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Development Division under the Monitoring and Evaluation Cell. Project implementation monitoring can be done by IMED in coordination with implementing agencies and relevant stakeholders. A result-based monitoring framework has been developed to facilitate the M&E and reporting process. This result-based M&E framework will apply Theory of Change selecting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time Bound) indicators aligned with National Priority Indicators (NPI), SDGs indicators, indicators introduced inside the Annual Performance Agreements (APA) of relevant stakeholders. The monitoring framework of National Adaptation Plan (NAP) can also be aligned and synchronized with the monitoring frame of this plan. Regular update of this action plan as well as knowledge management plan is envisaged in each 5 years. However, monitoring, evaluation and reporting of project are envisaged to be performed every year. Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change88 The developed result-based framework comprises of 82 unique indicators and a total of 126 indicators, with available status of base years (Annex-3). Efforts have been made to develop this framework based on predefined set of indicators, values of which are predetermined and readily available. The major data sources for the indicators are Annual Performance Agreements of MoEFCC, MoA, MoFL, MoWR, MoL, MoLGRDC, MoWCA, MoI, MoC, MoFood, MoP, MoF, MoCHTA, BBS, 8th FYP, BDP2100, NAP, NDC, SDG Tracker, NWRD, Perspective Plan 2041 etc. However, the baseline data are not present for some newly proposed indicators, which will need to be collected through the responsible agencies. The Environment, Climate Change and Disaster Statistics Cell (ECCDSC) of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) can also be given responsibilities to collect those data as national data and statistics organisation to facilitate the M&E process. The planned targets have been set based on the targets of 8th FYP, Perspective Plan, BDP2100, NAP and NDC, SDGs etc. 5.8 Way Forward The Sector Action Plan has accumulated a set of actions following the National vision and sustainable development goals for the environment and climate change sector. As the sector has wide implications on agriculture, fisheries and livestock production and livelihoods, the proposed actions cover these major domains relevant for national development. The SAP have been prepared following the theory of change approach and a result-based monitoring framework with potential indicators has been proposed. The SAP is expected to assist in bridging the gap between the Eighth Five Year Plan and annual development plan implementation. The relevant stakeholders could utilise this plan in their project preparation in line with the Eighth Five Year Plan. Annexure Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 91 A nn ex 1: N at io na l P ol ic y Fr am ew or k al ig ne d w ith th e Th em es o f S A P EC C Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 1 Ba ng la de sh C lim at e Ch an ge St ra te gy a nd A ct io n Pl an 2 00 9 (B CC SA P) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 Ba ng la de sh C lim at e Ch an ge an d G en de r A ct io n Pl an (c cG AP : Ba ng la de sh ) ( 20 13 ) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 3 Th e Su st ai na bl e an d Re ne w ab le En er gy D ev el op m en t A ut ho rit y (S RE D A) A ct , 2 01 2 √ √ √ √ √ 4 B an gl ad es h En er gy a nd P ow er Re se ar ch C ou nc il (E PR C) A ct , 20 15 √ √ 5 D is as te r M an ag em en t A ct , 2 01 2 √ √ √ √ 6 S ta nd in g O rd er s on D is as te r, 20 19 √ √ √ √ 7 D is as te r M an ag em en t (C om m itt ee S tr uc tu re a nd Fu nc tio ns ) R ul es , 2 01 5 √ √ √ 8 (D ra ft ) D is as te r M an ag em en t Fu nd R ul es , 2 01 5 √ √ √ 9 B an gl ad es h Cl im at e Ch an ge Tr us t A ct , 2 01 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 10 Ba ng la de sh O ce an og ra ph ic Re se ar ch In st itu te A ct , 2 01 5 √ √ √ √ √ √ 11 N at io na l C o op er at iv e Po lic y, 20 12 √ √ √ √ 12 N at io na l W om en D ev el op m en t Po lic y, 2 01 1 √ √ √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change92 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 13 N at io na lly D et er m in ed Co nt rib ut io ns (N D C) 2 01 5 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 14 Re ne w ab le E ne rg y Po lic y of Ba ng la de sh , 2 00 8 √ √ 15 N at io na l D is as te r M an ag em en t Po lic y, 2 01 5 √ √ √ √ 16 Cy cl on e Sh el te r C on st ru ct io n, M ai nt en an ce a nd M an ag em en t Po lic y, 2 01 1 √ √ √ 17 Pe rs pe ct iv e Pl an o f B an gl ad es h: Vi si on 2 04 1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 18 8th F iv e Ye ar P la n √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 19 Ba ng la de sh C ou nt ry In ve st m en t Pl an fo r E nv iro nm en t, Fo re st ry an d Cl im at e Ch an ge (B CI PE FC C) 20 16 2 02 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 20 N at io na l S oc ia l S ec ur ity S tr at eg y (N SS S) , 2 01 5 √ 21 N at io na l S us ta in ab le D ev el op m en t S tr at eg y (N SD S) , 20 13 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 22 Ba ng la de sh D el ta P la n 21 00 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 23 N at io na l A da pt at io n Pr og ra m m es of A ct io n (N AP A) 2 00 5 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 24 Ba ng la de sh C lim at e Fi sc al Fr am ew or k, 2 01 4 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 25 En er gy E ffi ci en cy a nd Co ns er va tio n Pl an U p to 2 03 0, 20 16 √ √ √ √ 26 (D ra ft ) N at io na l P la n fo r D is as te r M an ag em en t ( 20 16 2 02 0) ; √ √ √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 93 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 27 (D ra ft ) P la n of A ct io n to Im pl em en t S en da i F ra m ew or k fo r D is as te r R is k Re du ct io n, 20 15 2 03 0 √ √ √ √ √ 28 Pl an o f A ct io n on D is as te r a nd Cl im at e Ri sk M an ag em en t i n Ag ric ul tu re fo r D ep ar tm en t o f Ag ric ul tu ra l E xt en si on , 2 01 5 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 29 U pd at ed N at io na lly D et er m in ed Co nt rib ut io n (2 02 1) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 30 Ro ad m ap a nd A ct io n Pl an fo r Im pl em en tin g Ba ng la de sh N D C (T ra ns po rt , P ow er a nd In du st ry Se ct or s) , 2 01 8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 31 M uj ib C lim at e Pr os pe rit y Pl an √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 32 Ba ng la de sh E nv iro nm en t C ou rt Ac t, 20 10 √ √ √ √ 33 Ba ng la de sh B io sa fe ty R ul es , 2 01 2 √ √ √ √ √ 34 Br ic k M an uf ac tu rin g an d Br ic k Ki ln s Es ta bl is hm en t ( Co nt ro l) Ac t, 20 13 √ √ √ √ √ 35 Th e Sh ip B re ak in g an d Re cy cl in g Ru le s, 2 01 1 √ √ √ √ 36 Ba ng la de sh E nv iro nm en t Co ns er va tio n Ac t ( 19 95 ) √ √ √ √ √ √ 37 En vi ro nm en t C on se rv at io n Ru le s (1 99 7) √ √ √ √ 38 N at io na l E nv iro nm en ta l P ol ic y, 20 18 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change94 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 39 H az ar do us W as te a nd S hi p Br ea ki ng W as te M an ag em en t Re gu la tio ns , 2 01 1 √ √ √ √ 40 Ba ng la de sh N at io na l A ct io n Pl an fo r R ed uc in g Sh or t-L iv ed C lim at e Po llu ta nt s (S LC Ps ), 20 18 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 41 Ba ng la de sh W at er A ct , 2 01 3 √ √ √ √ √ 42 Th e N at io na l R iv er P ro te ct io n Co m m is si on A ct , 2 01 3 √ √ √ √ 43 M ar in e Fi sh er ie s Ac t 2 02 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 44 M ar in e Pr ot ec te d Ar ea (M PA ) 20 19 th ro ug h S. R. O . N o. 2 11 La w /2 01 9 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 45 N at io na l W at er P ol ic y (N W Po ), 19 99 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 46 In te gr at ed S m al l S ca le Ir rig at io n Po lic y, 2 01 4 √ √ √ √ √ √ 47 Pu bl ic W at er b od y M an ag em en t Po lic y, 2 00 9 √ √ √ √ 48 Co as ta l Z on e Po lic y (C ZP ), 20 05 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 49 N at io na l F is he rie s Po lic y 19 98 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 50 N at io na l S hr im p Po lic y 20 14 √ √ √ √ √ 51 Ja lm ah al P ol ic y, 2 00 9 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 52 RA M SA R Co nv en tio n √ √ √ √ √ √ 53 Fo re st A ct 19 27 √ √ √ √ 54 W ild lif e (P re se rv at io n & S ec ur ity ) Ac t, 20 12 √ √ √ √ 55 Bi od iv er si ty A ct , 2 01 7 √ √ √ √ 56 Ba lu m oh al a nd S oi l M an ag em en t Ac t, 20 10 √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 95 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 57 Ec ol og ic al C rit ic al A re a M an ag em en t R ul es , 2 01 6 √ √ √ √ √ 58 N at ur al W at er B od y Pr ot ec tio n an d Pr es er va tio n of O pe n Sp ac es an d Pl ay gr ou nd A ct , 2 00 0 √ √ √ √ √ 59 Ch itt ag on g H ill T ra ct s Re gu la tio n Ac t, 19 90 √ √ √ 60 Fi sh er ie s H at ch er y Ac t 2 01 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 61 Fi sh er ie s H at ch er y Ru le s 20 11 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 62 Th e Pr ot ec tio n an d Co ns er va tio n of F is h (A m en dm en t) A ct , 2 00 2 √ √ √ √ √ 63 N at io na l F or es tr y Po lic y 20 17 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 64 Co as ta l D ev el op m en t S tr at eg y (C D S) , 2 00 6 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 65 Ba ng la de sh C ou nt ry In ve st m en t Pl an : A ro ad m ap to w ar ds in ve st m en t i n ag ric ul tu re , fo od s ec ur ity a nd n ut rit io n (2 01 1) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 66 N at io na l L iv es to ck E xt en si on Po lic y (F in al D ra ft ) ( 20 13 ) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 67 Sl au gh te r A ct 2 01 1 √ √ √ 68 N at io na l P ou ltr y D ev el op m en t Po lic y 20 18 √ √ √ √ √ √ 69 An im al F ee d Ac t 2 01 2 √ √ √ √ 70 An im al D is ea se R ul e 20 08 √ √ √ √ √ 71 An im al D is ea se A ct 2 00 5 √ √ √ √ √ 72 Ba ng la de sh A ni m al a nd A ni m al Pr od uc t Q ua ra nt in e Ac t, 20 05 √ √ √ √ √ 73 N at io na l L iv es to ck D ev el op m en t Po lic y, 2 00 7 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change96 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 74 N at io na l B io di ve rs ity a nd St ra te gy a nd a ct io n pl an o f Ba ng la de sh (2 01 6 20 21 ) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 75 H ao r M as te r P la n √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 76 Th e Ba ng la de sh A gr ic ul tu ra l Re se ar ch C ou nc il Ac t, 20 12 √ √ √ 77 Ba ng la de sh A gr ic ul tu ra l R es ea rc h In st itu te (B AR I) A ct , 2 01 7 √ √ √ √ √ √ 78 Fi sh er ie s an d Li ve st oc k Fe ed A ct 20 10 √ √ √ √ √ 79 Fi sh er ie s Fe ed R ul es 2 01 1 √ √ √ √ √ 80 Fi sh er ie s Q ua ra nt in e Ac t 2 01 8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 81 Fi sh a nd F is h Pr od uc ts (I ns pe ct io n an d Q ua lit y Co nt ro l) Ac t-2 02 0 √ √ √ √ √ 82 Cl im at e Re si lie nt C ro p Va rie ty an d Te ch no lo gy D ev el op m en t Po lic y, 2 01 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 83 N at io na l A gr ic ul tu re p ol ic y 20 18 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 84 N at io na l A gr ic ul tu re E xt en si on Po lic y 20 20 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 85 N at io na l A gr ic ul tu ra l M ec ha ni za tio n Po lic y 20 20 √ √ √ √ √ 86 Ag ric ul tu ra l I m po rt an t P er so n Po lic y 20 19 √ √ 87 U nd er gr ou nd W at er M an ag em en t A ct fo r A gr ic ul tu ra l U se 2 01 9 √ √ √ 88 U nd er gr ou nd W at er M an ag em en t R ul es 2 01 8 √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 97 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 89 M as te r P la n fo r A gr ic ul tu ra l D ev el op m en t i n th e So ut he rn Re gi on o f B an gl ad es h, 2 01 2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 90 Pl an o f A ct io n fo r Im pl em en ta tio n of A gr ic ul tu re Po lic y, 2 01 8 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 91 N at io na l S ee d Po lic y, 19 99 √ √ √ √ √ 92 N at io na l I nt eg ra te d Pe st M an ag em en t ( IP M ) P ol ic y, 2 00 2 √ √ √ √ √ 93 N at io na l C ro p an d Fo re st Bi ot ec hn ol og y Po lic y In st ru ct io ns 20 12 √ √ √ √ 94 In te gr at ed M ic ro Ir rig at io n Po lic y, 2 01 7 √ √ √ 95 N at io na l O rg an ic A gr ic ul tu re Po lic y, 2 01 6 √ √ √ √ √ √ 96 Fe rt ili ze r ( Co nt ro l) O rd in an ce , 19 99 √ √ √ √ √ 97 Fe rt ili ze r D ea le r A pp oi nt m en t & Fe rt ili ze r D is tr ib ut io n In te gr at ed Po lic y 20 09 √ √ 98 Am en dm en t/ S up pl em en t/ Cl ar ifi ca tio n of F er til iz er D ea le r Ap po in tm en t & F er til iz er D is tr ib ut io n In te gr at ed P ol ic y (F ro m 2 00 9 to 2 01 1) √ √ 99 Fe rt ili ze r ( M an ag em en t) A ct , 20 06 √ √ √ √ √ 10 0 Fe rt ili ze r ( M an ag em en t) G ui de lin es , 2 00 7 √ √ √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change98 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 10 1 Fe rt ili ze r ( M an ag em en t) (A m en dm en t) O rd in an ce , 2 00 8 √ √ √ √ √ 10 2 Fe rt ili ze r ( M an ag em en t) (A m en dm en t) A ct , 2 00 9 √ √ √ √ √ 10 3 N on U re a Fe rt ili ze r I m po rt , S el l an d Su bs id y D is tr ib ut io n/ G iv in g M et ho d √ √ √ √ √ 10 4 Fe rt ili ze r ( M an ag em en t) G ui de lin es , 2 00 7 Am en dm en t √ √ √ √ √ 10 5 Th e D es tr uc tiv e In se ct s an d pe st s Ru le s, 19 66 (P la nt Q ua ra nt in e) √ √ √ √ √ 10 6 Th e D es tr uc tiv e In se ct s an d pe st s Ru le s, 19 66 (P la nt Q ua ra nt in e) Am en dm en t, 19 89 √ √ √ √ 10 7 Pl an t Q ua ra nt in e Ac t, 20 11 √ √ √ √ 10 8 Pl an t Q ua ra nt in e Ru le s, 2 01 8 √ √ √ √ 10 9 Cl im at e Ch an ge R es po ns iv e Ea rly an d Sh or t D ur at io n Va rie ty a nd Te ch no lo gy D ev el op m en t P ol ic y, 20 10 √ √ √ √ √ √ 11 0 Se ed S ta nd ar d an d Fi el d St an da rd o f N ot ifi ed a nd N on N ot ifi ed C ro ps √ √ √ √ 11 1 Se ed A ct , 2 01 8 √ √ √ √ √ 11 2 Se ed R ul es , 1 99 8 √ √ √ √ 11 3 N ur se ry G ui de lin es , 2 00 8 √ √ √ √ 11 4 Ba ng ab an dh u N at io na l Ag ric ul tu ra l A w ar d Tr us t A ct , 20 16 √ √ √ 11 5 G ro un d W at er M an ag em en t i n Ag ric ul tu re P ro du ct io n Ac t, 20 18 √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 99 Sl N o Po lic y/ Le gi sl at io ns /P la n or St ra te gi c Fr am ew or k Ty pe o f D oc um en t Ca te go ry C 1: A dd re ss in g Cl im at e Ch an ge C on se qu en ce s Ca te go ry C 2: En vi ro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Bi od iv er si ty Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t Ca te go ry C 3: C ro ss C ut tin g Le gi sl a tio n Po lic y Pl an St ra te gy / Fr am ew or k T1 : En ha nc in g Lo ca l L ev el Ad ap ta tio n T2 : C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re T3 : L an d an d W at er M an ag em en t T4 : Gr ee n Gr ow th T5 : Po llu tio n, Pe st a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t T6 : E co sy st em , Bi od iv er sit y Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t T7 : En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g T8 : In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce T9 : Co m pl ia nc e to M EA s T1 0: Re se ar ch , Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa cit y De ve lo pm en t 11 6 W ea th er A ct , 2 01 8 √ √ √ 11 7 N at io na l L iv es to ck E xt en si on Po lic y (2 01 3) √ √ √ √ √ 11 8 T he P es tic id es O rd in an ce , 1 97 1 √ √ √ √ 11 9 Th e Pe st ic id es (A m en dm en t) O rd in an ce , 2 00 7 √ √ √ √ 12 0 Th e Pe st ic id es (A m en dm en t) Ac t, 20 09 √ √ √ √ 12 1 Th e Pe st ic id es (A m en dm en t) O rd in an ce , 2 02 1 ( D ra ft ) √ √ √ √ 12 2 Th e Pe st ic id e Ru le s, 19 85 √ √ √ √ 12 3 Th e Pe st ic id e Ru le s, 19 85 Am en dm en t 2 01 0 √ √ √ √ 12 4 Th e Pe st ic id e Ac t, 20 18 √ √ √ √ 12 5 Th e Pe st ic id e Ru le s 20 19 (D ra ft ) √ √ √ √ 12 6 Ba ng la de sh G oo d Ag ric ul tu ra l Pr ac tic es A ct 2 02 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 12 7 Ag ric ul tu ra l F irm L ab ou re r Re cr ui tm en t a nd G ov er na nc e Po lic y 20 17 √ √ 12 8 In te gr at ed M in or Ir rig at io n Po lic y 20 17 √ √ √ 12 9 Po is on s Ac t, 19 19 √ √ √ 13 0 Ba ng la de sh U pd at ed C lim at e Ch an ge F is ca l F ra m ew or k, 2 02 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change100 A nn ex 2 : S ec to r A ct io ns a nd In di ca tiv e Pr oj ec ts St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re D ev el op in g G en de r In cl us iv e Cl im at e Ch an ge Re sp on se Fr am ew or k Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (E nh an ci ng Lo ca l L ev el Cl im at e Ch an ge Ad ap ta tio n an d Re sil ie nc e) C1 T1 .1 D ev el op m en t o f G en de r I nc lu si on Fr am ew or k fo r En ha nc ed P ar tic ip at io n of w om en a nd m ar gi na liz ed g ro up s in lo ca l l ev el a da pt at io n an d cl im at e sm ar t ag ric ul tu re 30 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 5, SD G 1. 21 , SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 11 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 FR 3, F W 1, FW 2 En ha nc ed pa rt ic ip at io n w om an , ge nd er g ro up , vu ln er ab le co m m un iti es M oE FC C, M oA , M oF L, D oE , D AE , D oF , D LS Pr om ot in g Cl im at e Ch an ge Ad ap ta tio n C1 T1 .2 Pi lo tin g an d Es ta bl is hm en t o f 10 C lim at e Sm ar t Vi lla ge (C SV ) f or lo ca l l ev el c lim at e ch an ge a da pt at io n w ith C lim at e Sm ar t A gr ic ul tu re Te ch no lo gi es 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1. 21 , N PT 4, SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Es ta bl ish m en t of C SV a nd cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es M oE FC C, D oE , A RI s, D AE , B LR I, BF RI , D LS , D oF , BM D A, SR D I, D AM , CD B Y Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th C1 T1 .3 In tr od uc in g Su ita bl e N ew c ro p in C oa st al Ar ea (e .g . s ug ar b ee t at c oa st al s al in e ar ea th at h as s al in ity to le ra nc e up to 14 ds /m ) 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1, SD G 2, SD G 13 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds In cr ea se cl im at e re si lie nc e of c oa st al co m m un iti es AR Is , D AE , D oE Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 101 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Pr om ot e m ea su re s to e xp an d m ec ha ni za tio n an d va lu e ch ai n de ve lo pm en t Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re ) C1 T2 .4 D ev el op m en t a nd Po pu la riz at io n of Te ch no lo gi es fo r Fa rm M ec ha ni za tio n in A gr ic ul tu re a nd Re du ce P ro du ct io n Co st 80 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Re du ce cl im at e ch an ge in du ce d ris k by in cr ea se d pr od uc tio n D AE , B AD C Pr om ot in g po ul tr y an d liv es to ck fa rm in g C1 T2 .5 D ev el op m en t a nd En ha nc ed P ro m ot io n of In te gr at ed a nd M ix ed F ar m in g (C ro p, Fi sh er ie s, V eg et ab le , U rb an , L iv es to ck a nd Po ul tr y) P ra ct ic es in Su ita bl e Ar ea s 60 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1. 21 , N PT 4, SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Fo od s ec ur ity ca n be ac hi ev ed b y su st ai na bl e re so ur ce s m an ag em en t, Ch an ce s of p es t in fe st at io n w ill g re at ly re du ce , In te gr at ed an d m ix ed fa rm in g w ill be in cr ea se d AR Is , D AE , BL RI , B FR I, D LS , D oF , BM D A, SR D I, D AM , CD B Pr om ot in g po ul tr y an d liv es to ck fa rm in g C1 T2 .6 Co ns tr uc tio n of K ill a (E le va te d Pl at fo rm s) fo r L iv es to ck a nd Po ul tr y Re ar in g in Fl oo d Pr on e Ar ea s 10 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 9, SD G 2, SD G 11 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en su re pr ot ec tio n fo r Li ve st oc k an d Po ul tr y LG D , M oD RR , D LS , D D M Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change102 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Ag ric ul tu ra l re se ar ch Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re ) C1 T2 .7 D ev el op m en t a nd Ex te ns io n of S tr es s (h ea t, co ld , s al in ity , w at er lo gg in g, e tc .) to le ra nt c ro p va rie tie s an d liv es to ck b re ed de ve lo pm en t a nd St re ng th en in g Ex te ns io n Se rv ic es 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1. 21 , N PT 4, 8. 1.1 , SD G 13 In cr ea si ng re si lie nc e of ag ric ul tu ra l pr od uc tio n sy st em s Fo od S ec ur ity ca n be ac hi ev ed , Sa lin ity , dr ou gh t a nd w at er lo gg in g to le ra nt H YV cr op v ar ie tie s w ill b e in ve nt ed AR Is , D AE , BL RI , B FR I, D LS , D oF , BM D A, SR D I, CD B Su pp or t su st ai na bl e gr ow th in fis h an d sh rim p pr od uc tio n w ith o th er aq ua tic re so ur ce s C1 T2 .8 N at io nw id e Cl im at e Ch an ge R is k an d Vu ln er ab ili ty As se ss m en t f or Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re in Ba ng la de sh 30 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 Im pr ov ed fa rm pr ac tic es a nd te ch no lo gi es fo r m ed ia tin g ne ga tiv e im pa ct s of C lim at e Ch an ge En ha nc e kn ow le dg e on ri sk a nd vu ln er ab ili ty of F is he rie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re in Ba ng la de sh du e to c lim at e ch an ge im pa ct s D oF , B FR I Fo rm ul at io n an d Ad va nc em en t of N AP Pr oc es s C1 T2 .9 M ai ns tr ea m in g an d Im pl em en ta tio n of N at io na l A da pt at io n Pl an (N AP ) f or Ag ric ul tu re in Ba ng la de sh 10 00 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 1. 21 , SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 FR 1, FR 2, F R3 , FW 1, FW 2, FW 3 an d cr os s cu tt in g st ra te gi es M or e fo cu se d pr oj ec ts on C lim at e ch an ge ad ap ta tio n an d m iti ga tio n fo r a gr ic ul tu re M oA , M oF L Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 103 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re En ha nc in g pr od uc tiv ity th ro ug h re se ar ch a nd de ve lo pm en t Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re ) C1 T2 .10 As se ss m en t o f C lim at e ch an ge im pa ct on L iv es to ck a nd po ul tr y, It ’s Im pa ct on P ro du ct io n of M ea t, M ilk a nd e gg an d Fo rm ul at io n of Ad ap ta tio n M ea su re s 15 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 1. 21 , SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds En ha nc e kn ow le dg e on c lim at e ch an ge im pa ct s on liv es to ck an d po ul tr y an d po ss ib le ad ap ta tio n D LS , B LR I In tr od uc tio n of a da pt iv e aq ua cu ltu re te ch no lo gi es an d fis he rie s m an ag em en t sy st em fo r th e C1 T2 .11 Su st ai na bl e Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re M an ag em en t i n H ao r an d Co as ta l A re as o f Ba ng la de sh 20 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1. 21 , SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 13 , SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds En ha nc e th e Su st ai na bi lit y of F is he rie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re M an ag em en t D oF , M oI , M oC Cr op z on in g an d la nd u se pl an ni ng Pr om ot io n of p re ci si on ag ric ul tu re C1 T2 .12 La nd U se P la nn in g, Cr op Z on in g, a nd Pr om ot io n of P re ci si on Ag ric ul tu re p ra ct ic es in c lim at e st re ss a re as fo r a ch ie vi ng la nd de gr ad at io n ne ut ra lit y. 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 1. 21 , SD G 8. 1.1 , SD G 6. 1.1 , SD G 2, SD G 13 , SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Su st ai na bl e La nd U se an d Sp at ia l Pl an ni ng ; Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en ha nc em en t of L an d U se Pl an ni ng , Cr op Zo ni ng , a nd Pr om ot io n of P re ci si on Ag ric ul tu re M oL , S RD I, D AE , B AD C, BM D A Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change104 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re En su rin g pr od uc tio n of e no ug h st ap le s an d di ve rs ify in g to th e no n cr op s ec to r Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re ) C1 T2 .13 Cr op In te ns ifi ca tio n in w at er s tr es s ar ea s th ro ug h D iv er si fy in g H ig h Va lu e no n Ri ce Cr op s lik e Pu ls es , O ils ee ds , S pi ce s an d Ve ge ta bl es an d pr om ot io n of re du ct io n of g ro un d w at er u se 70 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1. 21 , SD G 2, SD G 8. 1.1 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Re du ce fo od / nu tr ie nt so ur ce vu ln er ab ili ty AR Is , D AE , BM D A, BA D C, D AM , BI RT AN Y In tr od uc tio n an d po pu la riz at io n of G oo d Ag ric ul tu ra l Pr ac tic es (G AP ) C1 T2 .14 Co ns er va tio n of In di ge no us K no w le dg e an d Ex pa ns io n of G oo d Ag ric ul tu ra l Pr ac tic es (G AP ) f or Cl im at e Ch an ge Ad ap ta tio n 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2, SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Ex pa ns io n of G AP a nd en ha nc e kn ow le dg e on in di ge no us pr ac tic es AR Is , D AE Su st ai ni ng ag ric ul tu ra l gr ow th a nd de ve lo pi ng nu tr iti on se ns iti ve ag ric ul tu re C1 T2 .15 As se ss m en t o f C lim at e Ch an ge Im pa ct o n N ut rie nt s av ai la bi lit y in cr op s 50 Sh or t (F Y 20 25 2 6) SD G 2 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en ha nc e kn ow le dg e on C lim at e Ch an ge Im pa ct o n N ut rie nt s av ai la bi lit y in cr op s AR Is , BI RT AN , M oF oo d Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 105 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Im pr ov in g m an ag em en t pr ac tic e Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (C lim at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re ) C1 T2 .16 Ex pa ns io n of Cl im at e Re si lie nt Li ve st oc k Re ar in g an d M an ag em en t P ra ct ic es (d iv er si fic at io n, in te ns ifi ca tio n an d/ or in te gr at io n of pa st ur e m an ag em en t, al te rin g th e tim in g of op er at io ns , p ro vi si on of s ha de a nd w at er to re du ce h ea t s tr es s, ro ta tio na l g ra zi ng , ch an ge s in li ve st oc k/ he rd c om po si tio n et c. ) 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1, SD G 2, SD G 13 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Ex pa ns io n of C lim at e Re si lie nt Li ve st oc k Re ar in g an d M an ag em en t Pr ac tic es D LS , B LR I En su rin g op tim al u se of w at er re so ur ce s Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .17 Su st ai na bl e la nd m an ag em en t t hr ou gh di ff er en t a gr on om ic pr ac tic es 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1, SD G 2, SD G 13 St ra te gi es un de r Su st ai na bl e La nd U se an d Sp at ia l Pl an ni ng ; Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Su st ai na bl e la nd m an ag em en t D AE , B AD C, BM D A, BW D B, LG ED Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change106 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re En su rin g pr od uc tio n of e no ug h st ap le s an d di ve rs ify in g to th e no n cr op s ec to r Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .18 Im pr ov e on F ar m W at er U se E ffi ci en cy fo r n on R ic e Cr op (t hr ou gh In tr od uc tio n of S pr in kl er a nd D rip Ir rig at io n Sy st em , M ul ch in g et c. ) 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 1, SD G 2, SD G 13 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Im pr ov ed o n Fa rm W at er U se E ffi ci en cy fo r n on R ic e Cr op D AE , B AD C, BM D A, BW D B, LG ED Y Pr ot ec t ag ric ul tu re an d vu ln er ab le co m m un iti es in H ao r a nd fla sh fl oo d ar ea s C1 T3 .19 St re ng th en in g O pe ra tio na l F la sh Fl oo ds E ar ly W ar ni ng an d Co m m un ity ba se d D is se m in at io n Sy st em fo r F ar m er s an d Fi sh er m en o f H ao r Ar ea s 15 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 1, SD G 2, SD G 13 FR 1.4 , St ra te gi es un de r H ao r an d Fl as h Fl oo d Ar ea s; Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en ha nc e EW S an d di ss em in at io n in co m m un iti es FF W C, BW D B C1 T3 .2 0 D ev el op m en t o f O pp or tu ni tie s fo r Al te rn at iv e Li ve lih oo d G en er at io n Ac tiv iti es fo r S ou th w es t, Ba rin d, H ao r a nd ot he r H ar d to R ea ch Ar ea s to H al t I nt er na l D is pl ac em en t a nd En su re E ng ag em en t of V ul ne ra bl e Co m m un iti es fo r Al te rn at iv e Li ve lih oo d G en er at io n Ac tiv iti es 80 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 2, SD G 1.2 .1, SD G 13 FR 3; st ra te gi es un de r c oa st al zo ne , B ar in d an d D ro ug ht Pr on e Ar ea s; H ao r a nd Fl as h Fl oo d Ar ea s en ha nc e op po rt un iti es fo r Al te rn at iv e Li ve lih oo d G en er at io n Ac tiv iti es M oE FC C, D oE , M oA , M oF L, L G D , BM D A, D AE Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 107 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re M ain st re am in g Va lu in g W at er in to P ub lic In ve st m en t D ec isi on M ak in g in co lla bo ra tio n w ith Pl an ni ng Co m m iss io n C1 T3 .2 1 M ai ns tr ea m in g of V al ui ng W at er th ro ug h D ev el op ed Sh ad ow W at er P ric in g Fr am ew or k by W AR PO in to A gr ic ul tu re a nd Ir rig at io n Po lic ie s an d Im pl em en ta tio n of Pr ic in g fo r I rr ig at io n in B ar in d an d ot he r W at er S tr es se d Ar ea s 10 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 6 FW 1 Im pl em en t w at er p ric in g an d en su re eq ui ta bl e us e M oE FC C, D oE , M oA , BA D C, BM D A, W AR PO D ev el op in g st ra te gy fo r m an ag ed aq ui fe r re ch ar ge a nd in tr od uc in g na tu ra l a nd ar tifi ci al aq ui fe r re ch ar ge sy st em s us in g ra in w at er ha rv es tin g fo r gr ou nd w at er re ch ar ge Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .2 2 D ev el op m en t o f St ra te gi es a nd Ex pa ns io n of M an ag ed Aq ui fe r R ec ha rg e (M AR ) a nd R ai nw at er H ar ve st in g fo r Ar tifi ci al G ro un dw at er Re ch ar ge in D ro ug ht Pr on e Ba rin d Ar ea s 30 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 6 FW 1; st ra te gi es un de r B ar in d an d D ro ug ht Pr on e Ar ea s En ha nc e M AR an d ra in w at er ha rv es tin g M oE FC C, D oE , BM D A, BW D B Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change108 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re In cr ea se w at er u se effi ci en cy Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .2 3 D ev el op m en t a nd Ex te ns io n of W at er Sa vi ng T ec hn iq ue s (e .g ., AW D , D rip Ir rig at io n, B ur ie d Pi pe o r H os e Pi pe Ir rig at io n, C an al L in in g or F er tig at io n) 70 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 6 FW 1; st ra te gi es un de r B ar in d an d D ro ug ht Pr on e Ar ea s Ex te ns io n of W at er S av in g Te ch ni qu es BM D A, BW D B, LG ED , BA D C, D AE Ex pa ns io n of S ur fa ce W at er Ir rig at io n C1 T3 .2 4 Ex pa ns io n of S m al l sc al e Ir rig at io n Te ch no lo gy a nd In cr ea se S ur fa ce W at er u se fo r Ir rig at io n 15 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2, SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds In cr ea se Su rf ac e W at er u se fo r Ir rig at io n LG ED , BM D A, D AE C1 T3 .2 5 Re ha bi lit at io n of ex is tin g su rf ac e w at er irr ig at io n pr oj ec t pa rt ic ul ar ly M uh ur i, M an u, B ho la , B ar is al , Ch an dp ur , M eg hn a D ho na go da , T ee st a, G K 15 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 6 FR 3; F W 1; FW 2; st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Re ha bi lit at io n of e xi st in g su rf ac e w at er irr ig at io n pr oj ec t BW D B C1 T3 .2 6 Ra in w at er h ar ve st in g th ro ug h re e xc av at io n of c an al , p on d, sm al l r iv er e tc . a nd co ns tr uc tio n of d ug w el l 60 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 6, SD G 13 , SD G 15 FW 1.3 Ra in w at er ha rv es tin g BM D A, D AE , L G ED Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 109 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Ex pa ns io n of S ur fa ce W at er Ir rig at io n Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .2 7 En ha nc e m ar in e an d oc ea n re so ur ce s m ap pi ng fo r su pp or tin g Bl ue ec on om y 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 14 FR 3; F W 1; FW 2; st ra te gi es un de r F oo d Se cu rit y, N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds D oE , D oF , BO RI , B FR I Co nt in ui ng an d st re ng th en in g riv er dr ed gi ng to e nh an ce na vi ga bi lit y an d to fa ci lit at e w at er tr an sp or ta tio n C1 T3 .2 8 Re vi ta liz at io n an d Ra tio na liz at io n of w et la nd e co sy st em s. 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 6 FW 1; st ra te gi es un de r B ar in d an d D ro ug ht Pr on e Ar ea s Su st ai na bl e w et la nd m an ag em en t M oE FC C, D oE , D BH W D , BW D B St ra te gy fo r w at er re so ur ce s in Ch at to gr am H ill T ra ct s C1 T3 .2 9 D ev el op m en t of C at ch m en t M an ag em en t P la ns an d Ka pt ai L ak e Re ha bi lit at io n St ud y w ith P ilo t P ro je ct 15 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 6 FR 3; F W 1; FW 2; st ra te gi es un de r Ch at to gr am H ill T ra ct s Be tt er a nd effi ci en t w at er m an ag em en t in th e pr oj ec ts BW D B Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change110 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re 1.T ec hn ol og y ge ne ra tio n an d tr an sf er fo r su st ai na bl e so il m an ag em en t in h ill y ar ea s 2. D em o pl ot fo r so il fe rt ili ty m an ag em en t Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .3 0 Su st ai na bl e So il an d La nd M an ag em en t fo r I nc re as ed C ro p Pr od uc tiv ity a nd En ha nc e In te gr at ed Pl an t N ut rie nt S ys te m (I PN S) 60 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2, SD G 15 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds In cr ea se d Cr op Pr od uc tiv ity , En ha nc e IP N S SR D I, BI RT AN Ex pa ns io n of S ur fa ce W at er Ir rig at io n C1 T3 .3 1 Pr om ot in g re du ct io n of g ro un d w at er u se an d in cr ea si ng s ur fa ce w at er u se in B ar in d an d ot he r w at er sc ar ci ty a re as 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 2, SD G 6, SD G 13 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds ; U rb an A re as Ex pa ns io n an d Co m m er cia liz at ion of U rb an Ag ric ul tu re BM D A, BW D B, LG ED , BA D C, D AE U nd er ta ke Ac tiv iti es to Re du ce L an d D eg ra da tio n C1 T3 .3 2 As se ss m en t o f C au se s an d Im pa ct o f L an d D eg ra da tio n an d D ev el op m en t a nd Im pl em en ta tio n of M iti ga tio n M ea su re s 60 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 , SD G 15 st ra te gi es un de r c oa st al zo ne , B ar in d an d D ro ug ht Pr on e Ar ea s; m iti ga te la nd de gr ad at io n D oE Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 111 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Th e ca pa ci ty de ve lo pm en t of fi sh er m en in d ee p se a Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (S us ta in ab le La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t) C1 T3 .3 3 D ev el op m en t o f N ic he M ar ke t a nd E co m m er ce o f M ar in e Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re fo r Co as ta l A re as 12 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2, SD G 14 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds es ta bl is h su st ai na bl e e co m m er ce fo r M ar in e Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re fo r C oa st al Ar ea s D oF , B FD C Y Id en tif y co ns er va tio n ne ed s an d m et ho ds th at c an b e eff ec tiv el y ad m in ist er ed an d re gu la rly m on ito re d C1 T3 .3 4 As se ss m en t o f M ar in e Fi sh S to ck s an d As se ss m en t o f C lim at e Ch an ge Im pa ct s on Fi sh S to ck s 10 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 ; SD G 14 St ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds ; Ad va nc in g th e Bl ue E co no m y en ha nc e kn ow le dg e D oF , B FD C, M FA In cr ea se d Pa rt ne rs hi p w ith th e N G O s an d Ci vi l S oc ie ty Ac to rs C1 T3 .3 5 Ex pa ns io n of Co m m un ity b as ed Ad ap ta tio n (C bA ) an d Ec os ys te m b as ed Ad ap ta tio n (E bA ) Ac tio ns to T ac kl e Ad ve rs e Im pa ct o f Cl im at e Ch an ge o n Ag ric ul tu re , L an d an d W at er 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 6 27 ) SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 15 FR 3; F W 1; FW 2 en ha nc e Eb A an d Cb A D oE , D AE , BA D C, BM D A, SR D I, BW D B, B FD Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change112 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re En su rin g pr od uc tio n of e no ug h st ap le s an d di ve rs ify in g to th e no n cr op s ec to r Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (G re en Gr ow th a nd Lo w C ar bo n D ev el op m en t) C1 T3 .3 6 In cr ea si ng C ro p Pr od uc tiv ity a nd U si ng M od er n an d Ap pr op ria te Te ch no lo gi es fo r re du ct io n of G H G s at th e Fa rm L ev el 60 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds In cr ea si ng Cr op Pr od uc tiv ity AR Is , D AE , D oE , B AD C, BM D A Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th C1 T4 .3 7 As se ss m en t, Sm ar t M on ito rin g an d M an ag em en t o f G H G E m is si on fr om Ag ric ul tu re a nd Li ve st oc k 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds M on ito rin g an d M an ag em en t of G H G Em is si on D oE , A RI s, D AE , B LR I, D LS En su rin g op tim al u se of w at er re so ur ce s C1 T4 .3 8 En ha nc ed Im pl em en ta tio n of Al te rn at in g W et tin g an d D ry in g (A W D ) Te ch ni qu es fo r G H G Em is si on R ed uc tio n fr om P ad dy F ie ld a nd W at er R es ou rc es O pt im iz at io n 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds G H G E m is si on Re du ct io n fr om P ad dy Fi el d AR Is , D oE , D AE , BM D A, BA D C Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th C1 T4 .3 9 In st al la tio n of S ol ar En er gy S ys te m fo r Ir rig at io n an d Fa rm M an ag em en t a nd In cr ea si ng o n Fa rm En er gy E ffi ci en cy 10 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en ha nc e So la r E ne rg y Sy st em fo r Ir rig at io n D AE , D oE , BM D A, BA D C, Pr iv at e se ct or Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 113 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Im pr ov ed W as te M an ag em en t an d In tr od uc tio n of C irc ul ar Ec on om y Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (G re en Gr ow th a nd Lo w C ar bo n D ev el op m en t) C1 T4 .4 0 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Bi o ga s Pl an ts a t F ar m Le ve l f or L iv es to ck M an ur e M an ag em en t an d Su pp or t E ne rg y N ee d 10 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en ha nc e im pl em en ta tio n of B io g as Pl an ts D LS , D oE , Pr iv at e se ct or Y 1. Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th 2. Pr om ot e m ea su re s to e xp an d m ec ha ni za tio n an d va lu e ch ai n de ve lo pm en t C1 T4 .4 1 Pr om ot io n an d po pu la riz ed D ee p Pl ac em en t o f G ut i U re a th ro ug h M ec ha ni za tio n 20 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds In cr ea se fe rt ili ze r u se effi ci en cy a nd re du ce G H G em is si on s SR D I, D AE , BA D C, BM D A Y Co ns er va tio n an d pr ot ec tio n of fo re st s C1 T4 .4 2 Ex pa ns io n of aff or es ta tio n, re fo re st at io n an d fo re st c on se rv at io n ac tio ns 20 00 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 15 In cr ea se fo re st co ve ra ge an d En ha nc e Ca rb on Se qu es tr at io n BF D Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change114 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Ag ric ul tu ra l Re se ar ch Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es (G re en Gr ow th a nd Lo w C ar bo n D ev el op m en t) C1 T4 .4 3 D ev el op m en t o f In te gr at ed A gr o fo re st ry w ith C ro p an d Li ve st oc k Fa rm in g to E nh an ce C ar bo n Se qu es tr at io n 70 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 25 2 6 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds En ha nc e Ca rb on Se qu es tr at io n D AE , D LS , BF D , B AD C Re du ci ng O ve ru se o f Ch em ic al s in Ag ric ul tu re En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (E nv iro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l) C2 T5 .4 4 Pi lo tin g of P ol lu te r’s Pa y Pr in ci pl e an d Be ne fic ia rie s Pa y Pr in ci pl e fo r R ed uc in g Po llu tio n an d O ve r Ag ro C he m ic al s U se 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 25 2 6) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Pi lo tin g of Po llu te r’s P ay Pr in ci pl e an d Be ne fic ia rie s Pa y Pr in ci pl e D oE , B AD C Y Im pr ov ed A ir Q ua lit y C2 T5 .4 5 En ha nc in g re gu la r m on ito rin g of ai r q ua lit y an d im pl em en tin g eff ec tiv e m ea su re s to im pr ov e ai r q ua lit y 50 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 3 .9 , 11 .6 Re du ci ng en vi ro nm en ta l po llu tio n Re gu la r m on ito rin g of Ai r q ua lit y an d im pr ov em en t in a ir qu al ity D oE Im pr ov ed M an ag em en t of W at er Po llu tio n C2 T5 .4 6 En ha nc in g re gu la r m on ito rin g of s ur fa ce w at er q ua lit y of ri ve rs an d im pl em en tin g eff ec tiv e m ea su re s to im pr ov e riv er w at er qu al ity 50 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 6 .3 Re du ci ng en vi ro nm en ta l po llu tio n Re gu la r m on ito rin g of su rf ac e w at er qu al ity a nd im pr ov em en t in w at er qu al ity D oE Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 115 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Co nt ro lli ng N oi se Po llu tio n En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (E nv iro nm en ta l Po llu tio n Co nt ro l) C2 T5 .4 7 En ha nc in g re gu la r m on ito rin g of no is e po llu tio n an d im pl em en tin g eff ec tiv e m ea su re s to im pr ov e co nd iti on 30 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 11 Re du ci ng en vi ro nm en ta l po llu tio n Re gu la r m on ito rin g of n oi se po llu tio n an d im pr ov em en t in c on di tio n D oE Im pr ov ed w as te m an ag em en t C2 T5 .4 8 M on ito rin g an d re se ar ch o n eff ec tiv e w as te (s ol id , l iq ui d, e w as te , m ed ic al , ch em ic al , p la st ic e tc .) m an ag em en t 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 25 2 6 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 12 Re du ci ng en vi ro nm en ta l po llu tio n En ha nc in g re cy cl in g an d sa fe d is po sa l of w as te D oE Y Re du ci ng O ve ru se o f Ch em ic al s in Ag ric ul tu re En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (P es t a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t) C2 T5 .4 9 St re ng th en in g of Sm ar t F ie ld M on ito rin g M ec ha ni sm fo r Q ua lit y Se ed , F er til iz er , Pe st ic id es a nd F ee d 40 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 25 2 6) SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en su re Q ua lit y Se ed , Fe rt ili ze r, Pe st ic id es a nd Fe ed D AE , B AD C Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th C2 T5 .5 0 Ex te ns io n of In te gr at ed P es t M an ag em en t ( IP M ) an d In te gr at ed D is ea se s M an ag em en t (I D M ) P ra ct ic es in A gr ic ul tu re an d Li ve st oc k M an ag em en t 70 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 26 2 7) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Re du ce ov er u se o f ch em ic al s D AE , D LS Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change116 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Pr om ot io n of p re ci si on ag ric ul tu re En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (P es t a nd D is ea se s M an ag em en t) C2 T5 .5 1 U se o f I CT fo r P es t an d D is ea se s M ap pi ng fo r C ro p, F is he rie s an d Li ve st oc k Su sc ep tib ili ty d ue to Cl im at e Ch an ge a ll O ve r B an gl ad es h 25 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds en ha nc e kn ow le dg e on P es t a nd D is ea se s pr ev al en ce AR Is , D AE , D LS Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th C2 T5 .5 2 Pr ot ec tin g an d Co ns er vi ng A gr o ec os ys te m b y Pr om ot in g IC M , IN M , I D M , I PM (s ex ph er om on e, b ot an ic al pe st ic id es , b io lo gi ca l co nt ro l) 60 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 26 2 7 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Pr ot ec tin g an d Co ns er vi ng Ag ro ec os ys te m D oE , D AE , BA D C Sp ec ia l im po rt an ce / co ns id er at io n w ill b e gi ve n to th e liv el ih oo ds of th e fis he rm en En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (E co sy st em M an ag em en t) C2 T6 .5 3 D ev el op m en t of P ay m en t f or Ec os ys te m S er vi ce s (P ES ) s ch em e fo r Br ee di ng o f C ar p Fi sh er ie s in H al da R iv er su pp or tin g Li ve lih oo ds of F is he rm en 80 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds ; Ri ve r S ys te m s an d Es tu ar ie s Pa ym en t f or Ec os ys te m Se rv ic es (P ES ) sc he m e fo r Br ee di ng o f Ca rp F is he rie s in H al da D oF , D oE Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 117 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (E co sy st em M an ag em en t) C2 T6 .5 4 Ex pa ns io n an d Co m m er ci al iz at io n of O rg an ic F ar m in g an d N at ur e ba se d So lu tio ns (N bS ) l ik e hy dr op on ic c ul tu re of v eg et ab le s, flo at in g ag ric ul tu re et c. to E nh an ce Cl im at e Re si lie nc e in Ag ric ul tu re , N ut rit io n Se cu rit y an d Fo od Sa fe ty 70 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 26 2 7) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Ex pa ns io n an d Co m m er cia liz at ion of O rg an ic Fa rm in g an d N at ur e ba se d So lu tio ns (N bS ) D AE , B AD C, BM D A Fi sh a nd w et la nd sa nc tu ar ie s w hi ch w ill b e es ta bl is he d w ith co m pl et e ba n on fis hi ng in ce rt ai n ec o se ns iti ve ar ea s C2 T6 .5 5 Co ns er va tio n of W et la nd s, Fi sh S an ct ua rie s an d Fo re st s fo r Su st ai na bl e Ec os ys te m M an ag em en t 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 2, SD G 15 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds ; Ri ve r S ys te m s an d Es tu ar ie s Co ns er va tio n of W et la nd s, Fi sh Sa nc tu ar ie s an d ec os ys te m D oE , D BH W D , BF D , BW D B, D oF Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change118 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re D ev el op m en t of B io sa fe ty Po lic y an d Bi os af et y gu id el in es En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (E co sy st em M an ag em en t) C2 T6 .5 6 M ai ns tr ea m in g an d Im pl em en ta tio n of B io sa fe ty R ul es to M in im iz e Ri sk H an dl in g an d Tr an sf er of G en et ic al ly M od ifi ed O rg an is m to H ea lth a nd E co sy st em 30 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 26 2 7) SD G 2, SD G 15 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds M ai ns tr ea m in g an d Im pl em en ta tio n of B io sa fe ty Ru le s D AE , D LS , D oF , B IN A In cr ea se d re so ur ce s in th e m an ag em en t of e co sy st em an d bi od iv er si ty co ns er va tio n En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m (B io di ve rs ity Co ns er va tio n an d Fo re st M an ag em en t) C2 T6 .5 7 Ec os ys te m a nd bi od iv er si ty co ns er va tio n 10 00 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2, SD G 15 st ra te gi es un de r R iv er Sy st em s an d Es tu ar ie s Co ns er va tio n of e co sy st em D oE , B FD C2 T6 .5 8 W ild lif e pr ot ec tio n an d co ns er va tio n en da ng er ed s pe ci es (fl or a an d fa un a) 50 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2, SD G 15 Co ns er va tio n of e co sy st em D oE , B FD M on ito rin g an d ev al ua tio n of G ov er nm en t fu nd s Cr os s Cu tt in g (E nh an ce d Fi na nc e) C3 T7 .5 9 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Re gu la r M on ito rin g M ec ha ni sm o f U til iz at io n of G ov er nm en t O w ne d CC TF F un d th ro ug h Th ird P ar ty a nd E ns ur e Re gu la r M ob ili za tio n 10 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 13 , SD G 8, SD G 17 D ev el op in g Cl im at e ch an ge re si lie nt Ba ng la de sh th ro ug h op tim al u se o f na tu ra l re so ur ce s be tt er m an ag em en t of C CT F M oE FC C Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 119 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re 1. In iti at io n of th e pr oc es s fo r es ta bl is hi ng th e D el ta Fu nd le d by G ED 2. Im pl em en ta tio n of th e Ba ng la de sh D el ta Pl an 2 10 0 (B D P2 10 0) Cr os s Cu tt in g (E nh an ce d Fi na nc e) C3 T7 .6 0 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta Fu nd to F ac ili ta te th e Im pl em en ta tio n of e nv iro nm en t a nd cl im at e ch an ge re la te d pr og ra m s of B D P2 10 0 10 00 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 13 , SD G 8, SD G 17 El ab or at ed in In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns Es ta bl ish m en t of D el ta F un d an d BD 21 00 im pl em en ta tio n G ED , M oF M in im iz in g th e im pa ct o f th e CO VI D 19 pa nd em ic C3 T7 .6 1 Es ta bl is hm en t o f C ris is M an ag em en t F un d to Ta ck le S ud de n Se ve re Cr is is li ke C O VI D 19 fo r c lim at e in du ce d di sa st er s 20 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 25 2 6 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 13 , SD G 8, SD G 17 Es ta bl ish m en t of C ris is M an ag em en t Fu nd M oD M R, M oE FC C, M oA , M oW R, Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change120 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Su pp or t vu ln er ab le co m m un iti es aff ec te d by c lim at e ch an ge Cr os s Cu tt in g (E nh an ce d Fi na nc e) C3 T7 .6 2 D ev el op m en t o f In ce nt iv es a nd In su ra nc e (I nd ex ba se d In su ra nc e or C lim at e Sm ar t In su ra nc e) M ec ha ni sm to S up po rt M ar gi na l Fa rm er s an d Fi sh er m en A ff ec te d by A dv er se Im pa ct s of C lim at e Ch an ge in c on st ra in ed ec os ys te m (D ro ug ht Pr on e Ba rin d, C oa st al , H ao r a nd C hi tt ag on g H ill T ra ct s Ar ea s) 10 00 M ed iu m (F Y 20 25 2 6 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 17 El ab or at ed in In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns en su re In ce nt iv es an d In su ra nc e M ec ha ni sm to S up po rt M ar gi na l Fa rm er s an d Fi sh er m en D AE , BM D A, M oE FC C, In su ra nc e Co m pa ni es Su pp or t vu ln er ab le co m m un iti es aff ec te d by c lim at e ch an ge C3 T7 .6 3 Po pu la riz at io n of Lo w In te re st R at e ba se d Cr ed it Ac ce ss M ec ha ni sm to Cl im at e Vu ln er ab le M ar gi na l F ar m er s fo r Ag ric ul tu ra l I np ut s, M ac hi ne rie s Pu rc ha se an d M ai nt en an ce 10 00 Sh or t (F Y 20 25 2 6 to 2 02 7 28 ) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 17 El ab or at ed in In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns Po pu la riz at io n of L ow In te re st Ra te b as ed Cr ed it Ac ce ss M ec ha ni sm M oA , M oF L Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 121 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re U til iz in g th e G re en Cl im at e Fu nd (G CF ) Cr os s Cu tt in g (E nh an ce d Fi na nc e) C3 T7 .6 4 Fu nd H ar ne ss a nd M ob ili za tio n fr om G re en C lim at e Fu nd (G CF s) a nd ot he r G lo ba l F un ds fo r I m pl em en tin g En vi ro nm en t a nd Cl im at e ch an ge re la te d im po rt an t p ro je ct s as pe r N AP a nd N D C 10 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 17 El ab or at ed in In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns Fu nd H ar ne ss a nd M ob ili za tio n fr om g lo ba l fu nd s M oE FF CC , ER D , D oE , BF D , M oA , M oF L, In te gr at in g En vi ro nm en t an d Ec os ys te m Co ns er va tio n an d Cl im at e Ch an ge Is su es in Pl an ni ng a nd Bu dg et in g C3 T7 .6 5 In te gr at io n of B ot h En vi ro nm en ta l a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge Re la te d Co st fo r Bu dg et in g an d Re so ur ce s Al lo ca tio n th ro ug h D ev el op m en t an d Ad op tio n of En vi ro nm en ta l F is ca l Re fo rm s an d G re en Pu bl ic F in an ci al M an ag em en t 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 17 El ab or at ed in In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns En vi ro nm en ta l Fi sc al Re fo rm s an d G re en P ub lic Fi na nc ia l M an ag em en t M oE FC C, D oE , M oF Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change122 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re In cr ea se d co lla bo ra tio n am on g di ffe re nt m in ist rie s Cr os s Cu tt in g (I ns tit ut io ns an d G ov er na nc e) C3 T8 .6 6 Es ta bl is hm en t of In st itu tio na l Fr am ew or k w ith EF CC U ni t i n LG Is fo r E nh an ce d Co or di na tio n w ith M oE FC C, M oA , M oL , M oF L an d M oW R to F ac ili ta te D ec en tr al iz ed En vi ro nm en t a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge M an ag em en t 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 17 D is cu ss ed in In st itu tio na l re fo rm Es ta bl ish m en t of In st itu tio na l Fr am ew or k M oE FC C, LG D , L G Is Pr om ot in g su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re an d gr ee n gr ow th C3 T8 .6 7 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Pa rt ne rs hi p am on g th e Pu bl ic P riv at e an d In te rn at io na l O rg an iz at io ns to Pr ov id e Ex te ns io n Se rv ic es fo r H ig h Va lu e Cr op s, F ru its an d Ve ge ta bl es to M ak e Su st ai na bl e Ag ric ul tu re 10 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 13 , SD G 17 Li nk ed to In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns en ha nc e PP P fo r e xt en si on Se rv ic es fo r H ig h Va lu e Cr op s, Fr ui ts a nd Ve ge ta bl es BA D C, D AE , D AM Y Ca pa ci ty bu ild in g of fa rm er s C3 T8 .6 8 D ev el op m en t o f Fa rm er s As so ci at io n an d N et w or k fo cu si ng on C lim at e re si lie nc e 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Fa rm er s As so ci at io n an d N et w or k D oE , D AE Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 123 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Im pl em en ta tio n of th e Ba ng la de sh D el ta P la n 21 00 Cr os s Cu tt in g (I ns tit ut io ns an d G ov er na nc e) C3 T8 .6 9 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta W in g w ith G ED , Pl an ni ng C om m is si on fo r P ro vi di ng T ec hn ic al Su pp or t, G ui da nc e an d Co or di na tio n fo r t he Im pl em en ta tio n of th e BD P2 10 0 60 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 17 D is cu ss ed in In st itu tio na l re fo rm Es ta bl ish m en t of D el ta W in g G ED En su rin g sa fe w at er to su st ai na bl e dr in ki ng w at er a nd sa ni ta tio n C3 T8 .7 0 Es ta bl is hm en t o f W at er a nd S an ita tio n Re gu la to ry A ge nc y (W AR SA ) f or Re gu la tin g th e Pu bl ic an d Pr iv at e U til iti es En ga ge d w ith S up pl y W at er a nd S an ita tio n Se rv ic es a nd S et tin g Pr ic es fo r E st ab lis hi ng Eq ui ta bl e M ar ke t f or Pr iv at e In ve st m en t 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2, SD G 8, SD G 17 D is cu ss ed in In st itu tio na l re fo rm Es ta bl ish m en t of W AR SA AW RR ID , LG D In cr ea se o f re se ar ch ba se d ac tiv iti es C3 T8 .7 1 D ev el op m en t o f H ol is tic R es ea rc h Sy st em ta rg et in g cl im at e re si lie nt ag ric ul tu re a nd it s Ex te ns io n th ro ug h Pr op er P ilo tin g an d Ev al ua tio n to M in im iz e Yi el d G ap b et w ee n Re se ar ch L ab a nd F ar m 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 6 27 ) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds H ol is tic Re se ar ch Sy st em a nd it s Ex te ns io n AR Is , B FR I, BL RI Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change124 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re En su rin g sa fe w at er to su st ai na bl e dr in ki ng w at er a nd sa ni ta tio n Cr os s Cu tt in g (I ns tit ut io ns an d G ov er na nc e) C3 T8 .7 2 D ev el op m en t o f W at er Su pp ly , S an ita tio n an d Se w er ag e Pr ic in g Po lic ie s an d Ru le s fo r Ba ng la de sh 50 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 6 FW 1 W at er S up pl y, Sa ni ta tio n an d Se w er ag e Pr ic in g Po lic ie s an d Ru le s LG D In cr ea se d Pa rt ne rs hi p w ith th e N G O s an d M in is tr ie s C3 T8 .7 3 En ha nc ed P ar tn er sh ip of M oE FC C w ith N G O s, CS O s an d ac ad em ia 50 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 17 En ha nc ed Pa rt ne rs hi p am on g go vt . an d N G O s/ CS O s M oE FC C, D oE , B FD Y In cr ea se d co lla bo ra tio n am on g di ffe re nt m in ist rie s C3 T8 .7 4 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Cl im at e Ch an ge U ni t fo r M oA & M oF L W el l Co or di na te d w ith M oE FC C fo r P ro je ct D es ig n, B ud ge tin g an d Ac ce ss io n of F un ds 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 17 Li nk ed to In ve st m en t Co st o f t he BD P 21 00 a nd Fi na nc in g O pt io ns Es ta bl ish m en t of C lim at e Ch an ge U ni t fo r M oA & M oF L M oA . M oF L, M oE FC C In cr ea si ng Re so ur ce s fo r t he M in is tr y of En vi ro nm en t, Fo re st a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge (M oE FC C) Cr os s Cu tt in g (C om pl ia nc e an d ob lig at io ns un de r M EA s an d U N co nv en tio ns / pr ot oc ol s) C3 T9 .7 5 Ad dr es si ng Co m pl ia nc e an d ob lig at io ns u nd er M EA s an d U N co nv en tio ns / p ro to co ls 10 00 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 13 Re la te d to In st itu tio na l Re fo rm Co m pl ia nc e an d ob lig at io ns un de r M EA s an d U N co nv en tio ns / pr ot oc ol s M oE FC C, D oE , B FD Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 125 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re In cr ea si ng Re so ur ce s fo r t he M in is tr y of En vi ro nm en t, Fo re st a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge (M oE FC C) Cr os s Cu tt in g (C ap ac ity D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 76 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g of M oE FC C an d LG Is fo r En vi ro nm en ta l F is ca l Re fo rm a nd C lim at e N eg ot ia tio n 10 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 6 27 ) SD G 13 Re la te d to In st itu tio na l Re fo rm Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g of M oE FC C an d LG Is M oE FC C, D oE , L G Is Su pp or t vu ln er ab le co m m un iti es aff ec te d by c lim at e ch an ge Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 77 D ev el op m en t a nd Tr an sf or m at io n to E co m m er ce b as ed M ar ke t a t F ar m L ev el to E ns ur e Pr ofi t o f M ar gi na l a nd S m al l ho ld er F ar m er s 80 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 4 25 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds E co m m er ce ba se d M ar ke t at F ar m L ev el M oE FC C, M oC Y Ca pa ci ty bu ild in g of fa rm er s C3 T1 0. 78 In st itu tio na l C ap ac ity Bu ild in g an d Aw ar en es s Ra is in g Pr og ra m fo r F oo d Sa fe ty M ea su re s Im pl em en ta tio n 60 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 In st itu tio na l Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g an d Aw ar en es s Ra is in g M oF oo d Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change126 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re In cr ea sin g Re so ur ce s fo r t he M in ist ry o f En vi ro nm en t, Fo re st a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge (M oE FC C) Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 79 Es ta bl is hm en t a nd op er at io na liz e Tr ai ni ng A ca de m y on E nv iro nm en t a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge 50 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g M oE FC C, D oE Cr os s Cu tt in g (R es ea rc h an d In no va tio n) C3 T1 0. 80 Re se ar ch in iti at iv es o n im po rt an t a sp ec ts o f Cl im at e ch an ge 25 00 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Re se ar ch on C lim at e Ch an ge M oE FC C, D oE , B FD En ha nc in g ca pa ci ty bu ild in g pr og ra m s Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 81 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g of P ol ic y M ak er , Re se ar ch er , E xt en si on Pr of es si on al s fo r P la nn in g, D ev el op m en t a nd Ex te ns io n of C lim at e Sm ar t T ec hn ol og ie s 70 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 6 27 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g N AT A, D AE , AR Is En ha nc in g ca pa ci ty bu ild in g pr og ra m s C3 T1 0. 82 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g fo r M oE FC C an d its A ge nc ie s fo r H ar ne ss in g Fu nd fr om G CF s an d ot he r Av ai la bl e Fu nd s an d Pr op er U til iz at io n to Fa ci lit at e En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g fo r E CC 50 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g D oE , ID CO L, PK SF Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 127 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Ag ric ul tu ra l Re se ar ch a nd pr om ot io n of su st ai na bl e ag ric ul tu re Cr os s Cu tt in g (R es ea rc h an d In no va tio n) C3 T1 0. 83 Re se ar ch , I nn ov at io ns an d In tr od uc in g Q ua lit y Se ed a nd N ew C ro p in C lim at e Ch an ge A ff ec te d Ar ea (li ke . s ug ar b ee t a t co as ta l s al in e ar ea ; it ca n gr ow u p to 14 ds /m ) 60 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 6 27 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Re se ar ch , In no va tio ns an d In tr od uc in g Q ua lit y Se ed an d N ew C ro p in C lim at e Ch an ge Aff ec te d Ar ea BA D C, BI RT AN , AR Is En ha nc in g ag ric ul tu ra l re se ar ch C3 T1 0. 84 In tr od uc e an d St re ng th en B io fo rt ifi ca tio n Re se ar ch Pa rt ic ul ar ly o f Pr ot ei n, Ir on , Z in c Im pr ov em en t Co ns id er in g Im pa ct s of C lim at e Ch an ge 50 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 6 27 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds St re ng th en Bi o fo rt ifi ca tio n Re se ar ch AR Is , BI RT AN , BI D S En ha nc in g aw ar en es s an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g of fa rm er s Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 85 Aw ar en es s Ra is in g Pr og ra m a m on g th e Fa rm er s Re ga rd in g Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re (C SA ) a nd Cl im at e Sm ar t V ill ag e (C SV ) 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 26 2 7) SD G 2, SD G 13 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds Aw ar en es s Ra is in g Pr og ra m am on g th e Fa rm er s D AE Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change128 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Im pl em en ta tio n of th e Ba ng la de sh D el ta P la n 21 00 Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 86 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta Kn ow le dg e H ub fo r H os tin g an d O ff er in g In te lle ct ua l S up po rt to th e Im pl em en ta tio n of th e D el ta P la n by H os tin g, U pd at in g, Co lle ct in g an d Sh ar in g N ew D at a an d In fo rm at io n 50 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 D el ta Kn ow le dg e H ub G ED , W AR PO Im pl em en ta tio n of th e Ba ng la de sh D el ta P la n 21 00 C3 T1 0. 87 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta C oa lit io n w ith 13 Co un tr ie s fo r M ut ua l Be ne fit a nd T ra ns fe r of K no w le dg e th ro ug h Ex ch an ge o f W at er Te ch no lo gi es fo r Im pr ov ed P ro du ct io n an d Co ns um pt io n of Cl ea n W at er 20 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 D el ta Co al iti on G ED , W AR PO Im pr ov ed Un de rs ta nd in g of C lim at e Ch an ge in th e Lo ca l Le ve l C3 T1 0. 88 M ai nt ai ni ng C CI KM da ta p or ta l b y H os tin g, U pd at in g, C ol le ct in g an d Sh ar in g N ew D at a an d In fo rm at io n 20 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 O pe ra tio na liz e CC IK M M oE FC C, D oE , B M D , BW D B, BI W TA Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 129 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re Im pr ov ed Un de rs ta nd in g of C lim at e Ch an ge in th e Lo ca l Le ve l Cr os s Cu tt in g (R es ea rc h an d In no va tio n) C3 T1 0. 89 Es ta bl is h cl im at e an d hy dr ol og ic al d at a co lle ct io n, m on ito rin g an d us in g th is in fo rm at io n in Im pa ct M od el lin g 30 0 Lo ng (F Y 20 23 2 4 to 2 02 9 30 ) SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Fa ci lit at e Re se ar ch on C lim at e Ch an ge M oE FC C, D oE , B M D , BW D B, BI W TA , SR D I Pr om ot e m ea su re s to e xp an d m ec ha ni za tio n C3 T1 0. 90 D ev el op m en t o f O nl in e Fe rt ili ze r Re co m m en da tio n Sy st em (O FR S) a nd O ffl in e Fe rt ili ze r Re co m m en da tio n Sy st em (M ob ile A pp s) 70 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5) SD G 2 st ra te gi es un de r Ag ric ul tu re , Fo od S ec ur ity , N ut rit io n an d Li ve lih oo ds O nl in e Fe rt ili ze r Re co m m en da tio n Sy st em SR D I, BA RC En ha nc in g aw ar en es s an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g of fa rm er s Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 91 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g of Fa rm er s fo r A do pt io n an d Im pl em en ta tio n of C lim at e Sm ar t Te ch no lo gi es a t F ie ld Le ve l ( Se ed , f er til iz er , bi oc id es a nd ir rig at io n ap pl ic at io n) 40 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 26 2 7) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Ca pa ci ty Bu ild in g N AT A, D AE , AR Is Y Re du ci ng O ve ru se o f Ch em ic al s in Ag ric ul tu re C3 T1 0. 92 Aw ar en es s Bu ild in g an d Ex te ns io n Pr og ra m s fo r En co ur ag in g Fa rm er s to U se B al an ce d D os es of C he m ic al F er til iz er s 30 0 M ed iu m (F Y 20 26 2 7 to 2 02 8 29 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Aw ar en es s Bu ild in g an d Ex te ns io n BI RT AN , BA D C, D AE Y Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change130 St ra te gy / G oa l o f 8 FY P Th em at ic Ca te go ry / Th em at ic a re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct Te nt at iv e Co st in Cr or e BD T Im pl em en ta tio n pe rio d A lig ne d to Ex pe ct ed O ut co m e Re sp on si bl e Ag en cy Pr iva te se ct or en ga g em en t SD G ’s ta rg et BD P 21 00 m ea su re En ha nc in g ag ric ul tu ra l re se ar ch a nd fo od s ec ur ity Cr os s Cu tt in g (R es ea rc h an d In no va tio n) C3 T1 0. 93 Re se ar ch o n Ch an gi ng D ie ta ry P at te rn a nd Cr op D iv er si fic at io n to Ac hi ev e Fu tu re F oo d an d N ut rit io n Se cu rit y un de r C lim at e Ch an ge Sc en ar io s 30 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 26 2 7) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 Re se ar ch o n Ch an gi ng D ie ta ry Pa tt er n BI RT AN , AR Is , M oF oo d Ex pa nd in g ca pa ci ty bu ild in g pr og ra m s Cr os s Cu tt in g (K no w le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty D ev el op m en t) C3 T1 0. 94 H um an R es ou rc es D ev el op m en t, Sk ill D ev el op m en t a nd St re ng th en in g Ex te ns io n Se rv ic es fo r c lim at e ch an ge ad ap ta tio n an d m iti ga tio n 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 H um an Re so ur ce s / s ki ll D ev el op m en t Al l de pa rt m en t un de r M oA an d M oF L D ev el op in g go od q ua lit y br ee d Cr os s Cu tt in g (R es ea rc h an d In no va tio n) C3 T1 0. 95 In te ns iv e Re se ar ch o n Cr os s Br ee di ng a nd Ch an ge d Li ve st oc k Re ar in g Pr ac tic es 50 0 Sh or t (F Y 20 24 2 5 to 2 02 5 26 ) SD G 2, SD G 13 Ke y el em en ts of th e go ve rn an ce an d in st itu tio ns un de r t he B D P 21 00 D ev el op cl im at e re si lie nt br ee ds a nd Re ar in g Pr ac tic es BL RI , D LS Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 131 A nn ex 3 : R es ul t B as ed M on ito ri ng a nd E va lu at io n Fr am ew or k Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es En ha nc in g Lo ca l Le ve l Cl im at e Ch an ge Ad ap ta tio n an d Re si lie nc e C1 T1 .1 D ev el op m en t o f G en de r I nc lu si on Fr am ew or k fo r E nh an ce d Pa rt ic ip at io n in Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re Pr ac tic es W om en re ce iv ed s of t lo an s N o 20 20 11 40 0 92 00 80 00 M oA , M oF L 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to a do pt cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es fo r d ev el op in g cl im at e re si lie nt ag ric ul tu re , fis he rie s an d liv es to ck sy st em a nd su st ai na bl e liv el ih oo ds 2) O ve rc om in g so ci et al ch al le ng es fo r e ng ag in g w om en in ag ric ul tu re , fis he rie s an d aq ua cu ltu re Tr ai ne d w om en be ne fic ia rie s N o 20 20 11 25 0 18 80 0 30 00 0 C1 T1 .2 Pi lo tin g an d Es ta bl is hm en t o f 10 C lim at e Sm ar t Vi lla ge (C SV ) f or lo ca l l ev el c lim at e ch an ge a da pt at io n w ith C lim at e Sm ar t A gr ic ul tu re Te ch no lo gi es In ve nt ed te ch no lo gy N o. 20 20 60 67 75 AR Is , D AE , BL RI , B FR I, D LS , D oF , BM D A, S RD I, D AM , C D B Es ta bl is he d so la r i rr ig at io n fa ci lit ie s an d w el l N o. 20 20 16 0 19 0 25 0 Su pp lie d Fe rt ili ze r M T (la cs ) 20 20 51 52 55 Su pp lie d Se ed M T (la cs ) 20 20 1.4 1.4 8 1.5 5 C1 T1 .3 In tr od uc in g Su ita bl e N ew c ro p in C oa st al A re a Re gi st er ed St re ss T ol er an t Cr op v ar ie tie s N o 20 20 50 67 10 0 AR Is , D AE D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change132 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re C1 T2 .7 D ev el op m en t a nd Ex te ns io n of S tr es s (h ea t, co ld , s al in ity , w at er lo gg in g, et c. ) t ol er an t cr op v ar ie tie s an d liv es to ck b re ed de ve lo pm en t a nd St re ng th en in g Ex te ns io n Se rv ic es Re gi st er ed St re ss T ol er an t Cr op V ar ie tie s N o 20 20 50 67 10 0 AR Is , D AE , BL RI , B FR I, D LS , D oF , BM D A, S RD I, CD B 3) Te ch no lo gi ca l ad va nc em en t tr en d w ill b e ab le to re ac h th e de si re d le ve l o f in no va tio ns 4) S ki ll de ve lo pm en t of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to u se cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es an d pr ac tic es 5) F oo d su pp ly an d de m an d ne xu s w ill fo llo w th e pr oj ec tio ns o f pe rs pe ct iv e pl an 2 04 1 a nd de ve lo pm en t tr aj ec to ry o f th e co un tr y w ill b e as p er pl an Li ve st oc k se m en pr od uc tio n La cs 20 20 43 .7 9 47 55 Fi sh fr y re le as e M T 20 20 25 8. 8 23 0 27 0 C1 T2 .4 D ev el op m en t a nd Po pu la riz at io n of T ec hn ol og ie s fo r F ar m M ec ha ni za tio n in Ag ric ul tu re a nd Re du ce P ro du ct io n Co st G H G e m is si on re du ct io n th an BA U s ce na rio (u nc on di tio na l) % 20 12 93 .0 9 M TC O 2e 3 6. 7 D AE , B AD C C1 T2 .5 D ev el op m en t an d En ha nc ed Pr om ot io n of In te gr at ed a nd M ix ed F ar m in g (C ro p, F is he rie s, Ve ge ta bl e, U rb an , Li ve st oc k an d Po ul tr y) P ra ct ic es in Su ita bl e Ar ea s Ri ce p ro du ct io n M T (la cs ) 20 20 37 6. 12 39 9. 25 44 1 AR Is , D AE , BL RI , B FR I, D LS , D oF , BM D A, S RD I, D AM , C D B Po ta to Pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 98 .8 7 11 3. 25 Ve ge ta bl e Pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 19 7. 19 19 0 20 0 Pe r C ap ita D ai ly Fi sh A va ila bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 63 68 75 Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ea t Av ai la bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 13 6. 18 14 4 15 5 D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 133 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re C1 T2 .6 Co ns tr uc tio n of Ki lla (E le va te d Pl at fo rm s) fo r Li ve st oc k an d Po ul tr y Re ar in g in Fl oo d Pr on e Ar ea s Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ea t A va ila bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 13 6. 18 14 4 15 5 LG D , D LS N o of E le va te d or F lo od P ro of ed Li ve st oc k/ Po ul tr y Sh ed s N o 40 00 10 00 0 Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ilk A va ila bi lit y m l/ D ay 20 20 19 3. 38 23 0 27 5 C1 T2 .8 N at io nw id e Cl im at e Ch an ge R is k an d Vu ln er ab ili ty As se ss m en t f or Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re in Ba ng la de sh Pu bl ic at io n of CR VA re po rt fo r F& A at n at io na l le ve l a nd s ub na tio na l l ev el N o 20 20 0 31 34 D oF C1 T2 .9 M ai ns tr ea m in g an d Im pl em en ta tio n of N at io na l A da pt at io n Pl an (N AP ) f or Ag ric ul tu re in Ba ng la de sh N um be r o f N AP in te rv en tio ns in te gr at ed in to AD P fo r M oA N o 20 20 0 7 12 M oA , M oF L C1 T2 .10 As se ss m en t o f Cl im at e ch an ge im pa ct o n Li ve st oc k an d po ul tr y, It ’s Im pa ct o n Pr od uc tio n of M ea t, M ilk a nd e gg an d Fo rm ul at io n of A da pt at io n M ea su re s Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ea t A va ila bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 13 6. 18 14 4 15 5 D LS , B LR I Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ilk A va ila bi lit y m l/ D ay 20 20 19 3. 38 23 0 27 5 D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change134 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re C1 T2 .11 Su st ai na bl e Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re M an ag em en t in H ao r a nd Co as ta l A re as o f Ba ng la de sh Pe r C ap ita D ai ly Fi sh A va ila bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 63 68 75 D oF , M oI , M oC Be el N ur se ry Es ta bl is hm en t N o 20 20 17 1.2 2 51 5 80 0 In ve nt ed F & A Te ch no lo gi es N o 20 20 2 3 5 H ils ha Co ns er va tio n En fo rc em en ts / M ob ile C ou rt N o 20 20 15 40 0 16 40 0 18 00 0 Fi sh S an ct ua ry N o 20 20 19 4 20 0 C1 T2 .12 La nd U se P la nn in g, Cr op Z on in g, an d Pr om ot io n of P re ci si on Ag ric ul tu re pr ac tic es in c lim at e st re ss a re as . Le ng th o f o ve r gr ou nd a nd un de rg ro un d irr ig at io n ca na l km 20 20 10 70 85 0 70 0 M oL , S RD I, D AE , B AD C, BM D A Es ta bl is he d so la r i rr ig at io n fa ci lit ie s an d w el l N o 20 20 16 0 19 0 25 0 In ve nt ed te ch no lo gy N o 20 20 60 67 75 C1 T2 .13 Cr op In te ns ifi ca tio n in w at er s tr es s ar ea s th ro ug h D iv er si fy in g H ig h Va lu e no n Ri ce Cr op s lik e Pu ls es , O ils ee ds , S pi ce s an d Ve ge ta bl es an d pr om ot io n of re du ct io n of g ro un d w at er u se Pu ls es pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 4. 5 10 22 .6 AR Is , D AE , BM D A, BA D C, D AM , BI RT AN O il Se ed s pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 Sp ic es pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 Ve ge ta bl e Pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 19 7. 19 19 0 20 0 D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 135 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re C1 T2 .14 Co ns er va tio n of In di ge no us Kn ow le dg e an d Ex pa ns io n of G oo d Ag ric ul tu ra l Pr ac tic es (G AP ) f or Cl im at e Ch an ge Ad ap ta tio n Tr ai ne d fa rm er s in C H T N o 20 20 50 0 10 00 AR Is , D AE C1 T2 .15 As se ss m en t o f Cl im at e Ch an ge Im pa ct o n N ut rie nt s av ai la bi lit y in c ro ps Pu bl is h re po rt on A EZ N o 20 20 20 10 AR Is , BI RT AN , M oF oo d C1 T2 .16 Ex pa ns io n of Cl im at e Re si lie nt Li ve st oc k Re ar in g an d M an ag em en t Pr ac tic es (d iv er si fic at io n, in te ns ifi ca tio n an d/ or in te gr at io n of p as tu re m an ag em en t, al te rin g th e tim in g of o pe ra tio ns , pr ov is io n of sh ad e an d w at er to re du ce h ea t st re ss , r ot at io na l gr az in g, c ha ng es in li ve st oc k/ he rd co m po si tio n et c. ) N o of E le va te d or F lo od Pr oo fe d Li ve st oc k/ Po ul tr y Sh ed s N o 20 20 40 00 10 00 0 D LS , B LR I Ar tifi ci al In se m in at io n Ex pa ns io n N o 20 20 44 .4 1 46 55 Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ilk A va ila bi lit y m l/ D ay 20 20 19 3. 38 23 0 27 5 Pe r C ap ita D ai ly M ea t Av ai la bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 13 6. 18 14 4 15 5 D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change136 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Su st ai na bl e La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t C1 T3 .17 Su st ai na bl e la nd m an ag em en t th ro ug h di ff er en t ag ro no m ic pr ac tic es Ag ric ul tu re M ac hi ne rie s Su pp ly N o 20 20 45 00 62 00 10 00 0 D AE , B AD C, BM D A, BW D B, L G ED 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to a do pt cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es fo r d ev el op in g cl im at e re si lie nt ag ric ul tu re , fis he rie s an d liv es to ck sy st em a nd su st ai na bl e liv el ih oo ds 2) In st itu tio na l ca pa ci ty al re ad y in pl ac e an d w ill b e st re ng th en ed in d ue c ou rs e of ti m e 3) Te ch no lo gi ca l ad va nc em en t tr en d w ill b e ab le to re ac h th e de si re d le ve l o f in no va tio ns O n Fa rm W at er U se E ffi ci en cy fo r R ic e Cr op s % 20 20 30 50 70 Ir rig at ed c ro p ar ea c ov er ag e % 20 20 60 .4 61 .7 2 62 .5 C1 T3 .18 Im pr ov e on Fa rm W at er U se Effi ci en cy fo r n on Ri ce C ro p (t hr ou gh In tr od uc tio n of Sp rin kl er a nd D rip Ir rig at io n Sy st em , M ul ch in g et c. ) Ag ric ul tu re M ac hi ne rie s Su pp ly N o 20 20 45 00 62 00 10 00 0 D AE , B AD C, BM D A, BW D B, L G ED O n Fa rm W at er U se E ffi ci en cy fo r N on R ic e Cr op s % 20 20 50 70 Ir rig at ed c ro p ar ea c ov er ag e % 20 20 60 .4 61 .7 2 62 .5 C1 T3 .19 St re ng th en in g O pe ra tio na l F la sh Fl oo ds E ar ly W ar ni ng a nd Co m m un ity b as ed D is se m in at io n Sy st em fo r F ar m er s an d Fi sh er m en o f H ao r A re as Ea rly W ar ni ng In fo rm at io n Re ce iv ed b y Fa rm er s an d Fi sh er m en % 40 80 FF W C, B W D B D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 137 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Su st ai na bl e La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t C1 T3 .19 St re ng th en in g O pe ra tio na l F la sh Fl oo ds E ar ly W ar ni ng a nd Co m m un ity b as ed D is se m in at io n Sy st em fo r F ar m er s an d Fi sh er m en o f H ao r A re as Ea rly W ar ni ng In fo rm at io n Re ce iv ed b y Fa rm er s an d Fi sh er m en % 40 80 FF W C, B W D B 4) S ki ll de ve lo pm en t of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to u se cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es an d pr ac tic es 5) F oo d su pp ly , w at er av ai la bi lit y an d de m an d ne xu s w ill fo llo w th e pr oj ec tio ns o f pe rs pe ct iv e pl an 2 04 1 a nd de ve lo pm en t tr aj ec to ry o f th e co un tr y w ill b e as p er pl an 6) A de qu at e cu lti va bl e la nd s ar e av ai la bl e de sp ite de ve lo pm en t tr aj ec to ry an d so ci o ec on om ic ba rr ie rs C1 T3 .2 0 D ev el op m en t o f O pp or tu ni tie s fo r A lte rn at iv e Li ve lih oo d G en er at io n Ac tiv iti es fo r So ut hw es t, Ba rin d, H ao r an d ot he r H ar d to R ea ch A re as to H al t I nt er na l D is pl ac em en t a nd En su re E ng ag em en t of V ul ne ra bl e Co m m un iti es fo r A lte rn at iv e Li ve lih oo d G en er at io n Ac tiv iti es An nu al P er Ca pi ta In co m e of fa rm er s an d fis he rm en fr om al te rn at iv e oc cu pa tio n BD T (L ac s) 0. 3 0. 45 BM D A, D AE , M oA , M oF L, LG D D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change138 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Su st ai na bl e La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t C1 T3 .2 1 M ai ns tr ea m in g of V al ui ng W at er th ro ug h D ev el op ed Sh ad ow W at er Pr ic in g Fr am ew or k by W AR PO in to Ag ric ul tu re an d Ir rig at io n Po lic ie s an d Im pl em en ta tio n of Pr ic in g fo r I rr ig at io n in B ar in d an d ot he r W at er S tr es se d Ar ea s Pr ic in g po lic y pu bl is he d fo r di ff er en t s ec to rs N o 3 5 M oA , B AD C, BM D A C1 T3 .2 2 D ev el op m en t o f St ra te gi es a nd Ex pa ns io n of M an ag ed A qu ife r Re ch ar ge (M AR ) an d Ra in w at er H ar ve st in g fo r A rt ifi ci al G ro un dw at er Re ch ar ge in D ro ug ht P ro ne Ba rin d Ar ea s M AR Im pl em en ta tio n N o 10 25 BM D A, BW D B G ro un d w at er re ch ar ge ra te in Ba rin d ar ea C1 T3 .2 3 D ev el op m en t a nd Ex te ns io n of W at er Sa vi ng T ec hn iq ue s (e .g ., AW D , D rip Ir rig at io n, B ur ie d Pi pe o r H os e Pi pe Ir rig at io n, Ca na l L in in g or Fe rt ig at io n) O n Fa rm W at er U se E ffi ci en cy fo r R ic e Cr op s % 20 20 30 50 70 BM D A, BW D B, L G ED , BA D C, D AE D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 139 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Su st ai na bl e La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t C1 T3 .2 4 Ex pa ns io n of S m al l sc al e Ir rig at io n Te ch no lo gy a nd In cr ea se S ur fa ce W at er u se fo r Ir rig at io n Su rf ac e w at er us ed fo r irr ig at io n km 3 20 16 6. 62 9. 5 12 LG ED , B M D A, D AE , B W D B, BA D C C1 T3 .2 5 Re ha bi lit at io n of ex is tin g su rf ac e w at er ir rig at io n pr oj ec t p ar tic ul ar ly M uh ur i, M an u, Bh ol a, B ar is al , Ch an dp ur , M eg hn a D ho na go da , T ee st a, G K Su rf ac e w at er us ed fo r irr ig at io n km 3 20 16 6. 62 9. 5 12 LG ED , B M D A, D AE , B W D B, BA D C C1 T3 .2 6 Ra in w at er ha rv es tin g th ro ug h re e xc av at io n of ca na l, po nd , s m al l riv er e tc . a nd co ns tr uc tio n of d ug w el l. Re e xc av at ed irr ig at io n ca na l km 20 20 36 7 40 0 35 0 BM D A, D AE , LG ED D re dg ed o r Re e xc av at ed po nd s an d sm al l riv er s km 20 20 10 00 15 00 20 00 C1 T3 .2 8 Re vi ta liz at io n an d Ra tio na liz at io n of w et la nd ec os ys te m s. Pr oj ec t im pl em en ta tio n st at us % 40 % 10 0% D BH W D C1 T3 .2 9 D ev el op m en t of C at ch m en t M an ag em en t P la ns an d Ka pt ai L ak e Re ha bi lit at io n St ud y w ith P ilo t Pr oj ec t St ud y co m pl et io n st at us % 10 0% BW D B D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change140 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Su st ai na bl e La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t C1 T3 .3 0 Su st ai na bl e So il an d La nd M an ag em en t fo r I nc re as ed C ro p Pr od uc tiv ity a nd En ha nc e In te gr at ed Pl an t N ut rie nt Sy st em (I PN S) Ri ce p ro du ct io n M T (la cs ) 20 20 37 6. 12 39 9. 25 44 1 SR D I, BI RT AN Po ta to Pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 98 .8 7 11 3. 25 Ve ge ta bl e Pr od uc tio n M T (la cs ) 20 20 19 7. 19 19 0 20 0 C1 T3 .3 1 Pr om ot in g re du ct io n of g ro un d w at er u se a nd in cr ea si ng s ur fa ce w at er u se in B ar in d an d ot he r w at er sc ar ci ty a re as Su rf ac e w at er us ed fo r irr ig at io n km 3 20 16 6. 62 9. 5 12 D AE , B AD C, BM D A, BW D B, L G ED Ir rig at ed c ro p ar ea c ov er ag e % 20 20 60 .4 61 .7 2 62 .5 C1 T3 .3 2 As se ss m en t of C au se s an d Im pa ct o f L an d D eg ra da tio n an d D ev el op m en t a nd Im pl em en ta tio n of M iti ga tio n M ea su re s Re se ar ch / St ud y Re po rt pu bl is he d N o 20 20 1 5 10 D oE C1 T3 .3 3 D ev el op m en t o f N ic he M ar ke t a nd E co m m er ce o f M ar in e Fi sh er ie s an d Aq ua cu ltu re fo r Co as ta l A re as E co m m er ce ba se d F& A Bu si ne ss N o 50 0 10 00 D oF , B FD C C1 T3 .3 4 As se ss m en t o f M ar in e Fi sh S to ck s an d As se ss m en t of C lim at e Ch an ge Im pa ct s on F is h St oc ks Re se ar ch / St ud y Re po rt pu bl is he d N o 20 20 5 10 D oF , B FD C, M FA D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 141 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Su st ai na bl e La nd a nd W at er M an ag em en t C1 T3 .3 5 Ex pa ns io n of Co m m un ity b as ed Ad ap ta tio n (C bA ) an d Ec os ys te m ba se d Ad ap ta tio n (E bA ) A ct io ns to Ta ck le A dv er se Im pa ct o f C lim at e Ch an ge o n Ag ric ul tu re , L an d an d W at er Pr ac tic es o f E bA an d Cb A N o 20 20 20 50 D oE , D AE , BA D C, B M D A, SR D I, BW D B, BF D 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to a do pt cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es fo r d ev el op in g cl im at e re si lie nt ag ric ul tu re , fis he rie s an d liv es to ck sy st em a nd su st ai na bl e liv el ih oo ds 2) In st itu tio na l ca pa ci ty al re ad y in pl ac e an d w ill b e st re ng th en ed in d ue c ou rs e of ti m e 3) Te ch no lo gi ca l ad va nc em en t tr en d w ill b e ab le to re ac h th e de si re d le ve l o f in no va tio ns Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Gr ee n Gr ow th an d Lo w Ca rb on De ve lop m en t C1 T4 .3 6 In cr ea si ng C ro p Pr od uc tiv ity a nd U si ng M od er n an d Ap pr op ria te Te ch no lo gi es fo r re du ct io n of G H G s at th e Fa rm L ev el Pr ev al en ce o f m od er at e or se ve re fo od in se cu rit y in th e po pu la tio n, ba se d on th e Fo od In se cu rit y Ex pe rie nc e Sc al e (F IE S) % 20 18 10 .2 10 9. 8 AR Is , D AE , BA D C, B M D A Yi el d G ap a t Fa rm L ev el % 20 20 55 40 20 D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change142 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Gr ee n Gr ow th an d Lo w Ca rb on De ve lop m en t C1 T4 .3 7 As se ss m en t, Sm ar t M on ito rin g an d M an ag em en t o f G H G E m is si on fr om Ag ric ul tu re a nd Li ve st oc k G H G e m is si on re du ct io n th an BA U s ce na rio (u nc on di tio na l) % 20 12 93 .0 9 M TC O 2e 3 6. 7 D oE , A RI s, D AE , B LR I, D LS 4) S ki ll de ve lo pm en t of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to u se cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es an d pr ac tic es 5) G H G em is si on tr en ds an d fu tu re re du ct io n tr aj ec to ry a s pe r u pd at ed N D Cs w ill fo llo w w ith pl an ne d m iti ga tio n ac tio n pl an 6) B eh av io ra l ch an ge o f co m m un iti es w ill h ap pe n C1 T4 .3 8 En ha nc ed Im pl em en ta tio n of A lte rn at in g W et tin g an d D ry in g (A W D ) T ec hn iq ue s fo r G H G E m is si on Re du ct io n fr om Pa dd y Fi el d an d W at er R es ou rc es O pt im iz at io n G H G e m is si on re du ct io n th an BA U s ce na rio (u nc on di tio na l) % 20 12 93 .0 9 M TC O 2e 3 6. 7 AR Is , D AE , BM D A, B AD C C1 T4 .3 9 In st al la tio n of S ol ar En er gy S ys te m fo r Ir rig at io n an d Fa rm M an ag em en t a nd In cr ea si ng o n Fa rm En er gy E ffi ci en cy Es ta bl is he d so la r i rr ig at io n fa ci lit ie s an d w el l N o 20 20 16 0 19 0 25 0 D AE , B M D A, BA D C, P riv at e se ct or C1 T4 .4 0 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Bi o ga s Pl an ts a t Fa rm L ev el fo r Li ve st oc k M an ur e M an ag em en t a nd Su pp or t E ne rg y N ee d Es ta bl is he d bi og as p la nt s N o 20 20 10 0 30 0 D LS , P riv at e se ct or C1 T4 .4 1 Pr om ot io n an d po pu la riz ed D ee p Pl ac em en t o f G ut i U re a th ro ug h M ec ha ni za tio n G H G e m is si on re du ct io n th an BA U s ce na rio (u nc on di tio na l) % 20 12 93 .0 9 M TC O 2e 3 6. 7 SR D I, D AE , BA D C, B M D A D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 143 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Ad dr es sin g Cl im at e Ch an ge Co ns eq ue nc es Gr ee n Gr ow th an d Lo w Ca rb on De ve lop m en t C1 T4 .4 2 Ex pa ns io n of aff or es ta tio n, re fo re st at io n an d fo re st c on se rv at io n ac tio ns Fo re st a re a as a pr op or tio n of to ta l l an d ar ea % 20 15 14 .1 15 .2 BF D Pe rc en ta ge o f fo re st s th at a re pr ot ec te d % 20 20 3. 06 3. 4 BF D C1 T4 .4 3 D ev el op m en t of In te gr at ed Ag ro fo re st ry w ith C ro p an d Li ve st oc k Fa rm in g to E nh an ce C ar bo n Se qu es tr at io n G H G e m is si on re du ct io n th an BA U s ce na rio (u nc on di tio na l) % 20 12 93 .0 9 M TC O 2e 3 6. 7 D AE , D LS , BF D , B AD C En vir on m en t an d Ec os ys te m En vir on me nt al Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Pe st a nd D ise as es M an ag em en t C2 T5 .4 4 Pi lo tin g of Po llu te r's P ay Pr in ci pl e an d Be ne fic ia rie s Pa y Pr in ci pl e fo r Re du ci ng P ol lu tio n an d O ve r A gr o Ch em ic al s U se U se o f A gr o ch em ic al s BA D C, BI RT AN 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of fa rm er s, fis he rs a nd in st itu tio ns to a do pt po llu tio n pr ev en tio n m ea su re s 2) In st itu tio na l ca pa ci ty al re ad y in pl ac e an d w ill b e st re ng th en ed in d ue c ou rs e of ti m e O pe ra tio na l Po llu te rs P ay Pr in ci pl es % 10 0 C2 T5 .4 5 En ha nc in g re gu la r m on ito rin g of ai r q ua lit y an d im pl em en tin g eff ec tiv e m ea su re s to im pr ov e ai r qu al ity M ea n U rb an Ai r p ol lu tio n of p ar tic ul at e m at te r P M 10 µg /m 3 20 17 14 5 12 0 D oE M ea n U rb an Ai r p ol lu tio n of p ar tic ul at e m at te r P M 2. 5 µg /m 3 20 17 85 73 D oE D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change144 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 En vir on m en t an d Ec os ys te m En vir on me nt al Po llu tio n Co nt ro l, Pe st a nd D ise as es M an ag em en t C2 T5 .4 9 St re ng th en in g of S m ar t F ie ld M on ito rin g M ec ha ni sm fo r Q ua lit y Se ed , Fe rt ili ze r, Pe st ic id es an d Fe ed Es ta bl is he d Sm ar t fi el d m on ito rin g sy st em % 10 0 D AE , B AD C 3) Te ch no lo gi ca l ad va nc em en t tr en d w ill b e ab le to re ac h th e de si re d le ve l o f in no va tio ns 4) S ki ll de ve lo pm en t of fa rm er s or fi sh er m en to u se cl im at e sm ar t te ch no lo gi es an d pr ac tic es 5) G H G em is si on tr en ds an d fu tu re re du ct io n tr aj ec to ry a s pe r u pd at ed N D Cs w ill fo llo w w ith pl an ne d m iti ga tio n ac tio n pl an 6) R es po ns ib le ci tiz en sh ip ex is t C2 T5 .5 0 Ex te ns io n of In te gr at ed P es t M an ag em en t (I PM ) a nd In te gr at ed D is ea se s M an ag em en t (I D M ) P ra ct ic es in A gr ic ul tu re an d Li ve st oc k M an ag em en t Pr ac tic es o f I PM an d ID M D AE , D LS C2 T5 .5 1 U se o f I CT fo r Pe st a nd D is ea se s M ap pi ng fo r Cr op , F is he rie s an d Li ve st oc k Su sc ep tib ili ty d ue to C lim at e Ch an ge al l O ve r B an gl ad es h Pu bl is he d M ap s % 20 20 10 0 AR Is , D AE , D LS C2 T5 .5 2 Pr ot ec tin g an d Co ns er vi ng A gr o ec os ys te m b y Pr om ot in g IC M , IN M , I D M , I PM (s ex p he ro m on e, bo ta ni ca l pe st ic id es , bi ol og ic al c on tr ol ) Ag ro e co lo gi ca l la nd sc ap e re st or at io n in iti at iv es im pl em en te d N o 20 20 2 5 D oE , D AE , BA D C D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 145 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 En vir on m en t an d Ec os ys te m Ec os ys te m M an ag em en t C2 T6 .5 3 D ev el op m en t of P ay m en t f or Ec os ys te m S er vi ce s (P ES ) s ch em e fo r Br ee di ng o f C ar p Fi sh er ie s in H al da Ri ve r s up po rt in g Li ve lih oo ds o f Fi sh er m en O pe ra tio na l P ES fo r H al da R iv er % 10 0 D oF , D oE C2 T6 .5 4 Ex pa ns io n an d Co m m er ci al iz at io n of O rg an ic F ar m in g an d N at ur e ba se d So lu tio ns (N bS ) l ik e hy dr op on ic c ul tu re of v eg et ab le s, flo at in g ag ric ul tu re et c. to E nh an ce Cl im at e Re si lie nc e in A gr ic ul tu re , N ut rit io n Se cu rit y an d Fo od S af et y O rg an ic F ar m s N o 50 0 15 00 D AE , B AD C, BM D A An nu al In co m e or R ev en ue o f Fa rm er s fr om O rg an ic F ar m in g BD T (L ac s) 0. 1 0. 25 C2 T6 .5 5 Co ns er va tio n of W et la nd s, F is h Sa nc tu ar ie s an d Ag ro F or es tr y fo r S us ta in ab le Ec os ys te m M an ag em en t Pe r C ap ita D ai ly Fi sh A va ila bi lit y gm / D ay 20 20 63 68 75 D BH W D , BW D B, D oF Be el N ur se ry Es ta bl is hm en t N o 17 1.2 2 51 5 80 0 Fi sh S an ct ua ry N o 20 20 19 4 20 0 D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change146 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 En vir on m en t an d Ec os ys te m Ec os ys te m M an ag em en t C2 T6 .5 6 M ai ns tr ea m in g an d Im pl em en ta tio n of B io sa fe ty Ru le s to M in im iz e Ri sk H an dl in g an d Tr an sf er of G en et ic al ly M od ifi ed O rg an is m to H ea lth a nd Ec os ys te m M ai ns tr ea m bi os af et y ru le s in p ro je ct s N o 20 20 20 35 D AE , D LS , D oF , B IN A 1) A da pt at io n fin an ce n ee d w ill b e si m ila r to a s pr oj ec te d by N AP a nd N D C 2) K ey st ak eh ol de rs ar e ke en to ac ce le ra te fin an ci ng pr oc es s 3) D ev el op m en t tr aj ec to ry o f Ba ng la de sh re m ai ns a s pe r pe rs pe ct iv e pl an 4) C ap ac ity of k ey st ak eh ol de rs is de ve lo pe d 5) R es po ns ib le ci tiz en sh ip ex is t Cr os s Cu tt in g En ha nc ed Fi na nc e C3 T7 .5 9 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Re gu la r M on ito rin g M ec ha ni sm o f U til iz at io n of G ov er nm en t O w ne d CC TF F un d th ro ug h Th ird P ar ty an d En su re R eg ul ar M ob ili za tio n O pe ra tio na l M & E of B CC TF % 10 0 M oE FC C C3 T7 .6 0 Es ta bl is hm en t of D el ta F un d to F ac ili ta te th e Im pl em en ta tio n of en vi ro nm en t a nd cl im at e ch an ge re la te d pr og ra m s of BD P2 10 0 Es ta bl is he d D el ta F un d % 30 50 G ED , M oF C3 T7 .6 1 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Cr is is M an ag em en t Fu nd to T ac kl e Su dd en S ev er e Cr is is li ke C O VI D 19 fo r c lim at e in du ce d di sa st er s Es ta bl is he d Cr is is M an ag em en t Fu nd % 40 60 M oD M R, M oA , M oW R, M oE FC C D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 147 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g En ha nc ed Fi na nc e C3 T7 .6 2 D ev el op m en t o f In ce nt iv es a nd In su ra nc e (I nd ex ba se d In su ra nc e or C lim at e Sm ar t In su ra nc e) M ec ha ni sm to Su pp or t M ar gi na l Fa rm er s an d Fi sh er m en A ff ec te d by A dv er se Im pa ct s of C lim at e Ch an ge in c on st ra in ed ec os ys te m (D ro ug ht P ro ne Ba rin d, C oa st al , H ao r a nd Ch itt ag on g H ill Tr ac ts A re as ) Co ve ra ge o f in su ra nc e or re co ve ry m ec ha ni sm fo r m ar gi na l fa rm er s an d fis he rm en % 60 40 D AE , B M D A, In su ra nc e Co m pa ni es 6) C lim at e ac tio ns b y co un tr ie s ar ou nd th e w or ld ar e be in g im pl em en te d as p er p la n an d pl ed ge m ad e by d ev el op ed co un tr y is tr ul y m ob ili ze d 7) C lim at e ris k an d vu ln er ab ili tie s re m ai n sa m e as p er N AP an d N D C pr oj ec tio ns w ith v er y le ss va ria bi lit y 8) S ta bl e po lit ic al co nd iti on C3 T7 .6 3 Po pu la riz at io n of Lo w In te re st R at e ba se d Cr ed it Ac ce ss M ec ha ni sm to Cl im at e Vu ln er ab le M ar gi na l F ar m er s fo r A gr ic ul tu ra l In pu ts , M ac hi ne rie s Pu rc ha se a nd M ai nt en an ce Re ce iv ed so ft lo an s by Fa rm er s N o 10 00 50 00 M oA , M oF L D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change148 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g En ha nc ed Fi na nc e C3 T7 .6 4 Fu nd H ar ne ss a nd M ob ili za tio n fr om G re en C lim at e Fu nd (G CF s) a nd ot he r G lo ba l F un ds fo r I m pl em en tin g Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re a nd Es ta bl is hm en t of C lim at e Sm ar t Vi lla ge H ar ne ss ed in te rn at io na l cl im at e fu nd s bi lli on U SD / ye ar 5 8 M oA , D oE C3 T7 .6 5 In te gr at io n of B ot h En vi ro nm en ta l a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge Re la te d Co st fo r B ud ge tin g an d Re so ur ce s Al lo ca tio n th ro ug h D ev el op m en t an d Ad op tio n of En vi ro nm en ta l Fi sc al R ef or m s an d G re en Pu bl ic F in an ci al M an ag em en t En vi ro nm en ta l Fi sc al R ef or m Im pl em en te d % 60 40 D oE , M oF D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 149 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce C3 T8 .6 6 Es ta bl is hm en t of In st itu tio na l Fr am ew or k w ith EF CC U ni t i n LG Is fo r E nh an ce d Co or di na tio n w ith M oE FC C, M oA , M oL , M oF L an d M oW R to F ac ili ta te D ec en tr al iz ed En vi ro nm en t a nd Cl im at e Ch an ge M an ag em en t Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 70 30 LG Is 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of st ak eh ol de rs an d in st itu tio ns fo r g en er at io n of c lim at e kn ow le dg e an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g 2) C og ni tiv e re vo lu tio n or be ha vi or al ch an ge w ill w or k as p er pl an to e na bl e tr an sf or m at iv e ad ap ta tio n 3) In te re st o f st ak eh ol de rs fo r c lim at e re si lie nt de ve lo pm en t in B an gl ad es h C3 T8 .6 7 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Pa rt ne rs hi p am on g th e Pu bl ic P riv at e an d In te rn at io na l O rg an iz at io ns to Pr ov id e Ex te ns io n Se rv ic es fo r H ig h Va lu e Cr op s, F ru its an d Ve ge ta bl es to M ak e Su st ai na bl e Ag ric ul tu re Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 80 20 BA D C, D AE , D AM C3 T8 .6 8 D ev el op m en t o f Fa rm er s A ss oc ia tio n an d N et w or k Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 10 0 D AE C3 T8 .6 9 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta W in g w ith G ED , P la nn in g Co m m is si on fo r P ro vi di ng Te ch ni ca l S up po rt , G ui da nc e an d Co or di na tio n fo r th e Im pl em en ta tio n of th e BD P2 10 0 Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 80 20 G ED D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change150 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce C3 T8 .7 0 Es ta bl is hm en t of W at er a nd Sa ni ta tio n Re gu la to ry A ge nc y (W AR SA ) f or Re gu la tin g th e Pu bl ic a nd P riv at e U til iti es E ng ag ed w ith S up pl y W at er an d Sa ni ta tio n Se rv ic es a nd Se tt in g Pr ic es fo r E st ab lis hi ng Eq ui ta bl e M ar ke t fo r P riv at e In ve st m en t Ac ce ss to s af e W AS H s er vi ce s % 20 20 70 90 10 0 AW RR ID , LG D 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of st ak eh ol de rs an d in st itu tio ns fo r g en er at io n of c lim at e kn ow le dg e an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g 2) C og ni tiv e re vo lu tio n or be ha vi or al ch an ge w ill w or k as p er pl an to e na bl e tr an sf or m at iv e ad ap ta tio n 3) In te re st o f st ak eh ol de rs fo r c lim at e re si lie nt de ve lo pm en t in B an gl ad es h Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 70 30 C3 T8 .7 1 D ev el op m en t o f H ol is tic R es ea rc h Sy st em a nd it s Ex te ns io n th ro ug h Pr op er P ilo tin g an d Ev al ua tio n to M in im iz e Yi el d G ap be tw ee n Re se ar ch La b an d Fa rm Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 40 60 AR Is C3 T8 .7 2 D ev el op m en t o f W at er S up pl y, Sa ni ta tio n an d Se w er ag e Pr ic in g Po lic ie s an d Ru le s fo r B an gl ad es h Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 10 0 LG D D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 151 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g In st itu tio ns an d Go ve rn an ce C3 T8 .7 3 En ha nc ed Pa rt ne rs hi p of M oE FC C w ith N G O s, C SO s an d ac ad em ia Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 10 0 D oE , M oE FC C 2) C og ni tiv e re vo lu tio n or be ha vi or al ch an ge w ill w or k as p er pl an to e na bl e tr an sf or m at iv e ad ap ta tio n C3 T8 .7 4 Es ta bl is hm en t o f Cl im at e Ch an ge U ni t f or M oA W el l Co or di na te d w ith M oE FC C fo r P ro je ct D es ig n, B ud ge tin g an d Ac ce ss io n of Fu nd s Ac tio n ac co m pl is he d an d op er at io na l % 70 30 M oA Re se ar ch , In no va tio n, Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty De ve lop m en t C3 T1 0. 76 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g of M oE FC C an d LG Is fo r E nv iro nm en ta l Fi sc al R ef or m a nd Cl im at e N eg ot ia tio n Tr ai ne d offi ci al s N o 50 15 0 D oE , L G Is 1) In te re st a nd m ot iv at io n of st ak eh ol de rs an d in st itu tio ns fo r g en er at io n of c lim at e kn ow le dg e an d ca pa ci ty bu ild in g C3 T1 0. 77 D ev el op m en t a nd Tr an sf or m at io n to E co m m er ce b as ed M ar ke t a t F ar m Le ve l t o En su re Pr ofi t o f M ar gi na l an d Sm al l-h ol de r Fa rm er s N o of E co m m er ce ba se d Ag ri bu si ne ss N o 40 0 10 00 M oC C3 T1 0. 78 In st itu tio na l Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g an d Aw ar en es s Ra is in g Pr og ra m fo r F oo d Sa fe ty M ea su re s Im pl em en ta tio n Tr ai ne d offi ci al s N o 50 10 0 M oF oo d D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change152 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g Re se ar ch , In no va tio n, Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d C ap ac ity De ve lop m en t C3 T1 0. 81 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g of P ol ic y M ak er , Re se ar ch er , Ex te ns io n Pr of es si on al s fo r P la nn in g, D ev el op m en t an d Ex te ns io n of C lim at e Sm ar t Te ch no lo gi es Tr ai ne d offi ci al s N o 30 0 75 0 N AT A, D AE , AR Is 2) C og ni tiv e re vo lu tio n or be ha vi or al ch an ge w ill w or k as p er pl an to e na bl e tr an sf or m at iv e ad ap ta tio n 3) In te re st o f st ak eh ol de rs fo r c lim at e re si lie nt de ve lo pm en t in B an gl ad es h C3 T1 0. 82 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g fo r M oE FC C an d its A ge nc ie s fo r H ar ne ss in g Fu nd fr om G CF s an d ot he r A va ila bl e Fu nd s an d Pr op er U til iz at io n to Fa ci lit at e En ha nc ed Fi na nc in g fo r E CC Tr ai ne d offi ci al s N o 30 50 D oE , I D CO L, PK SF C3 T1 0. 83 Re se ar ch , In no va tio ns a nd In tr od uc in g Q ua lit y Se ed a nd N ew C ro p in C lim at e Ch an ge Aff ec te d Ar ea (li ke . s ug ar b ee t a t co as ta l s al in e ar ea ; it ca n gr ow u p to 14 ds /m ) Re se ar ch / St ud y Re po rt pu bl is he d N o 2 5 BA D C, BI RT AN , A RI s D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 153 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g Re se ar ch , In no va tio n, Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty De ve lop m en t C3 T1 0. 84 In tr od uc e an d St re ng th en B io fo rt ifi ca tio n Re se ar ch Pa rt ic ul ar ly o f Pr ot ei n, Ir on , Z in c Im pr ov em en t Co ns id er in g Im pa ct s of C lim at e Ch an ge Re se ar ch / St ud y Re po rt pu bl is he d N o 2 5 AR Is , BI RT AN , BI D S, M oF oo d C3 T1 0. 85 Aw ar en es s Ra is in g Pr og ra m a m on g th e Fa rm er s Re ga rd in g Cl im at e Sm ar t Ag ric ul tu re (C SA ) an d Cl im at e Sm ar t Vi lla ge (C SV ) Aw ar en es s ra is in g pr og ra m pa rt ic ip at ed N o 10 0 40 0 D AE C3 T1 0. 86 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta K no w le dg e H ub fo r H os tin g an d O ff er in g In te lle ct ua l Su pp or t t o th e Im pl em en ta tio n of th e D el ta P la n by H os tin g, U pd at in g, Co lle ct in g an d Sh ar in g N ew D at a an d In fo rm at io n O pe ra tio na l D el ta Kn ow le dg e H ub % 10 0 G ED , W AR PO D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change154 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g Re se ar ch , In no va tio n, Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty De ve lop m en t C3 T1 0. 87 Es ta bl is hm en t o f D el ta C oa lit io n w ith 13 C ou nt rie s fo r M ut ua l B en efi t an d Tr an sf er o f Kn ow le dg e th ro ug h Ex ch an ge o f W at er Te ch no lo gi es fo r I m pr ov ed Pr od uc tio n an d Co ns um pt io n of Cl ea n W at er Es ta bl is he d D el ta C oa lit io n % 50 10 0 G ED , W AR PO C3 T1 0. 90 D ev el op m en t o f O nl in e Fe rt ili ze r Re co m m en da tio n Sy st em (O FR S) a nd O ffl in e Fe rt ili ze r Re co m m en da tio n Sy st em (M ob ile Ap ps ) op er at io na l O FR S % 10 0 SR D I, BA D C C3 T1 0. 91 Ca pa ci ty B ui ld in g of F ar m er s fo r Ad op tio n an d Im pl em en ta tio n of C lim at e Sm ar t Te ch no lo gi es a t Fi el d Le ve l ( Se ed , fe rt ili ze r, bi oc id es an d irr ig at io n ap pl ic at io n) Tr ai ne d fa rm er s N o 20 00 10 00 0 N AT A, D AE , AR Is D at a So ur ce s: 8 th F YP N at io na l P rio rit y Pe rf or m an ce In di ca to rs , S DG In di ca to rs , A PA In di ca to rs fr om re sp ec tiv e m in is tr ie s a nd d ep ar tm en ts Sector Action Plan I Environment and Climate Change 155 Th em at ic Ca te go ry Th em at ic A re a A ct io n Co de A ct io n/ P ro je ct In di ca to rs U ni t Ba se Ta rg et Re sp on si bl e A ge nc y A ss um pt io ns Ye ar St at us 20 25 20 30 Cr os s Cu tt in g Re se ar ch , In no va tio n, Kn ow le dg e M an ag em en t an d Ca pa ci ty De ve lop m en t C3 T1 0. 92 Aw ar en es s Bu ild in g an d Ex te ns io n Pr og ra m s fo r En co ur ag in g Fa rm er s to U se Ba la nc ed D os es o f Ch em ic al F er til iz er s Tr ai ne d fa rm er s N o 40 00 20 00 0 BI RT AN , BA D C, D AE C3 T1 0. 93 Re se ar ch o n Ch an gi ng D ie ta ry Pa tt er n an d Cr op 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