National Policy on Waste Management

ANDS EIA GBRs HDPE ICRC ICSC LEL MEAs MoM MSW NEPA NGOs PCBs POPs UN UNDP UNEP UNICEF UNIDO WHO ............................................................................................................. .................................................................................... .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. 3.3 ..................................................................................................... 4 ...................................................................................................... 4.1 ............................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. 4.3 ..................................................................................................... 5 ......................................................................................... 5.1 ............................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................... .................................................................................................. 6.1 6.2 .................................................................................................. 6.3 ............................................................................................ 6.4 ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 6.6 ............................................................................................... 7 ........................................................................................................... 7.1 .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... 7.3 .................................................................................. 8 Bibliography................................................................................................ ....................................................................... II ...................................................................................... III ............................................................................................................... IV ....................................................................................................... V ........................................................................... VI ............................................................................ 6 7 3000 m35000m3 UN Habitat0.4 kg 0.5 kg 8 (reduce)(rescycle)(reuse) 9 PCBs 10 EIA 11 3000 5000 12 (POPs) 13 (http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?Reportld=80902) (POPs) (POPs) 14 ICRC bio-medical 15 : : : : : : : : 16 / / : 17 biomedical : : biomedical (i) EIAEIA(ii) (iii) 18 HS HS ecotoxic 19 (UNEP) Asbestos knocking agents-Anti knocking-Anti NEPA NEPA (NEPA) 20 (II) (V) (III) (UNEP) (NEPA) 21 II EIA (NEPA) (NEPA) (III)(II) GBRs GBRs 22 (IV) (NEPA) (IV) 23 weathering low-grow asphalt 24 drum 25 26 EIA MSW 27 500000 60 4 28 35 1 5000002 20000003 10-6cm/s 29 4. : 1 semi aerobic 2 30 3 4 COD 31 32 1.5mm(HEPE) 90 cm 1×10-7 cm/sec (LEL) 33 5: (i) 120 mg/m3 (ii) (PM)500 mg/m3 (iii) 650mg/m3 (iv) 0.4 mg/m3 (400 µg/m3) (v) 2 mg/m3 1 mg/m3 mg/kg dry baisi, except pH value and C/N ratio 10 5 50 300 100 0.15 50 1000 C/N 20 Ph 8.5 5.5 34 NEPA NEPA EIA MSW NEPA 35 NGOs ICRC, WHO, UNICEF UNIDO 36 UNEP (WB) 37 NEPA NEPA WB NEPA 38 NEPA 39 E.I.A IV 40 EIA EIA 3 41 biomedical : 42 UN 43 1 44 500,000 2,000,000 3 8 Bibliography Australian Government, Nuclear Waste, Nuclear Based Science Briefing Brown J. C., Ayvalikli D. and Mohammed M., 2004, Turning Bureaucrats into Warriors, Preparing and Implementing Multi-sector HIV AIDS Programs in Africa, Chapter 6, Medical Waste Management Delhi Pollution Control Committee, 1998, Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 2005, Hospital Waste Management Rules, Notification under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 2003, Hazardous Waste Management Rules Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 2006, National Sanitation Policy Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 2007, State of the Environment Report, Chapter 7 Waste Management 45 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2007, Environment Law, Official Gazette No 912, dated 25 January 2007 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 2005, (Draft) Guideline for Solid Waste Management Secretariat of the Basel Convention, Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. Website location http://www.basel.int/ United Nations Environment Programme, 2007, Determining Chemical Waste Streams in Afghanistan, Consolidated Report World Bank, 2005, Strategic Sanitation Plan Final Draft Report, Solid Waste, Report prepared for the Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project, Sanitation Improvements in Kabul Batstone R, Smith J E, Wilson D., (eds) 1989, The Safe Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, The Special Needs and Problems of Developing Countries, Volume 1; World Bank Technical Papers No 93, A joint study sponsored by the World Bank, United Nations Environment Programme and World Health Organisation World Health Organisation, 2004, Safe Health Care Waste Management, Department of Protection of the Human Environment http://www.basel.int/ 46 47 A 1 (CE) 2: X 100 %CO2 C.E. = %CO2 + %CO 3800 ± 50oC* 4, *Co50 ± 1050second at ) one (1stack gas, B Concentration mg/Nm3 at (12% CO2 correction) 1 150 2 150 HCL 150 4stack 5 0.01% : L.D.O/L.S.H.S 48 (I) (gravity flow autoclave) i 121Co(psi) ii 135Co31(psi) 45 iii 149Co52(psi) (II) (vacuum autoclave)pre-vacuum pulse i 121Co(psi) ii 135Co (psi) 30 (III) (IV) V) Bacillus stearothermophilus 1x104 15 psi 121Co I) 49 pH 6.5 9.0 100 mg/l 10 mg/l BOD30 mg/l COD 250 mg/l Bio-assay . Micro wave 1. 2. 3. Bacillus Subtilis1x104 50 (NEPA) . 51 II Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 biocides phytopharmaceuticals Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 , /, Y10 (PCBs) (PCTs)(PBBs) Y11 pyrolytic Y12 Y13 Y14 Y15 Y16 Y17 Y18 Y19 Metal carbonyls Y20 ; Beryllium; beryllium compounds Y21 Hexavalent chromium compounds Y22 Copper compounds Y23 Zinc compounds Y24 ; Arsenic; arsenic compounds Y25 ; Selenium; selenium compounds Y26 ; Cadmium; cadmium compounds 52 Y27 ; Antimony; antimony compounds Y28 ; Tellurium; tellurium compounds Y29 Mercury; mercury compounds Y30 Thallium; thallium compounds Y31 Lead; lead compounds Y32 Inorganic fluorine compounds excluding calciumfluoride Y33 Inorganic cyanides Y34 Acidic solutions or acids in solid form Y35 Basic solutions or bases in solid form Y36 Asbestos Asbestos (dust and fibres) Y37 Organic phosphorus compounds Y38 Organic cyanides Y39 ; Phenols; phenol compounds including chlorophenols Y40 Ethers Y41 Halogenated organic solvents Y42 Organic solvents excluding halogenated solvents Y43 Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-furan Y44 Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin Y45 Y39 Y41, Y42, Y43, Y44)Organohalogen compounds other than substances referred to in this Annex (e.g. Y39, Y41, Y42, Y43, Y44) 53 III 1 Acetaldehyde 121 Fluorine 2 Acetic acid 122 Formaldehyde 3 Acetic anhydride 123 Formic acid 4 Acetone 124 Furfural 5 Acetone cyanohydrine 125 Heptachlor 6 Acetone thiosemicarbazide 126 Hexachlorobenzene 7 Acetylene 127 Hexachlorocyclohexan (Lindane) 8 Acetyl chloride 128 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 9 Acrolein 129 Hydrochloric acid 10 Acrylamide 130 Hydrogen sulphide 11 Acrylonitrile 131 Hydrogen cyanide 12 Adiponitrile 132 Hydrogen fluoride 13 Aldicarb 133 Iridium tetrachloride 14 Aldrin 134 Isobutyl alcholol 15 Allyl alcohol 135 Lead (inorganic) 16 Allyl amine 136 Lead arsenate 17 Allyl chloride 137 Lindane 18 Amino biphenyl 138 Magnesium powder or ribbon 19 3--1, 2,4 3-amino-1, 2,4 triazole 139 Malathion 20 Aminopterin 140 Maleic anhydride 21 Amiton 141 Malononitrile 22 Amiton dialate 142 Mercury and compounds 23 Ammonia 143 Methoxy chloride 24 Ammonium chloride 144 Methyl alcohol 25 Ammonium sulphamate 145 Methyl amine 26 Aniline 146 Methyl bromide (bromomethane) 54 27 2,4,6- Aniline 2,4,6-trimethyl 147 Methyl chloride 28 Anthroquinone 148 Methyl chloroform (1,1,1 Trichloroethane) (1,1,1-) 29 Antimony and compounds 149 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 30 Arsenic and compounds 150 Methyl isocyanate 31 Arsine 151 Methyl methacrylate monomer 32 Asbestos 152 Methyl parathion 33 Azinpho-ethyl 153 Mevinphos 34 Azinphos methyl 154 Molybdenum and compounds 35 Bacitracin 155 Moncrotophos 36 Barium and compounds 156 Butyl acetate 37 Benzal chloride 157 Butyl alcohol 38 3 Benzenamine 3 triflourmethyl 158 Naled 39 Benzene 159 Napthalene 40 Benzene sulfonyl chloride 160 Naphthyl amine 41 1 -4 Benzene 1 (chloromethyl)-4 nitro 161 Nickel salts 42 Benzene arsenic acid 162 Nicotine 43 Benzidine and salt 163 Nitric acid 44 Benzimidazole, 4,5-dichloro-2 (triflouromethyl) 164 Nitric oxide 45 Benzyl chloride 165 Nitro benzene 46 Beryllium and compounds 166 Nitrochlorbenzene 47 Bis (2-chloroehyl) sulphide 167 Nitrocyclohexane 48 Bis (chloroehyl) ketone 168 Nitrogen dioxide 49 Bis (tert-butyl peroxy) cyclohexane 169 Nitrogen trifluride 50 Bis (tert-butyl peroxy) butane 170 Nitrophenols 51 Bis (2,4,6 trinitrophenylamine) 171 Nitropropane-2 52 Bromo chloro methane 172 Nitroso dimethyl amine 55 53 Bromoform 173 Cresol 54 Butyl amine tert 174 Nitroaniline 55 Butyl-m-mercaptan 175 Osmium tetroxide 56 Cadmium and compounds 176 Oxygen (liquid) 57 Calcium arsenate 177 Oxygen difluoride 58 Calcium cyanamide 178 Ozone 59 Camphechlor toxaphene 179 Paraoxon (diethyl-4 nitrophenyphosphate) 60 Cantharidin 180 Parathion 61 Captan 181 Pentaborane 62 Carbachol chloride 182 Pentachlorobenzene 63 Carbaryl 183 Pentachlorophenol 64 Carbofuran 184 Pentabromophenol 65 Carbon tetrachloride 185 Phenol 66 Carbon disulphide 186 Phenol,2,2 thiobis (4,6-dichloro) 67 Carbon monoxide 187 Phenol,2,2-thiobis (4 chioro 6 methyl phenol) 68 Cellulose nitrate 188 Phenol 3 (1-methyl ethyl) methylcarbamate 69 Chlordane 189 Phorate 70 Chlorinated benzene 190 Phosgene 71 Chlorine 191 Phosphoric acid 72 Chlorine oxide 192 Phosphorus 73 Chlorine trifluoride 193 Phosphorus oxychloride 74 Chloroacetaldehyde 194 Phosphorus pentasulphide 75 Chlorobenzene 195 Phosphorus trichloride 76 Chloroform 196 Phthalic anhydride 77 Chloromethyl methylether 197 Picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) 78 Chloronitrobenzene 198 PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 79 Chloroethyle vinyl ether 199 Propionic acid 80 Chromium and compounds 200 Propargyl alcohol 81 Cobalt and compounds 201 Propylene oxide 56 82 Copper and compounds 202 Pyrethrins 83 Crotonaldehyde 203 Pyridine 84 Cumene 204 Quinone 85 Cyanides and compounds 205 Sodium azide 86 Cyclohexane 206 Sodium fluoro-acetate 87 DDT 207 Sodium hydroxide 88 Demeton 208 Strychnine 89 Dichlorobenzene 209 Styrene 90 Dichloroethyl ether 210 Sulfuric acid 91 Dichlorophenol-2.6 211 Tert-butyl peroxyacetate 92 Dichorophenol-2.4 212 Tetra ethyl pyrophosphate 93 Dichloropropene-1,3 213 Tetra nitromethane (rocket industry) 94 Dichlorproponic acid 214 (TCDD) Tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8 (TCDD)1,2,3,7,8 95 Dichlorvos 215 Tetraethyl lead 96 Dimethyl hydrazine 216 Thallic oxide 97 hyl phenol 2,4 217 Titanium powder 98 Dimethylamine 218 Toluene 99 Dimethylaniline 219 Toluene 2,4 disocyanate 100 Dinitrophinol 2-4 220 Toxaphene 101 Dinitrotoluenes 221 Trans-1,4-dichlor butene 102 Dinoseb 222 Trichlorethylene 103 Dinitrobenzene 223 Trichlorophenols 104 Dioxane-p 224 Trichlorophenoxy acetate acid 2,4,5 triethylamine 105 Dioxathion 225 Trichlorophenol 2,3,6 106 Diquat 226 Trichlorophenol 2,4,5 107 Endosulfan 227 Triethylamine 108 Endrin 228 Triethylene melamine 109 Epichlorhydrine 229 Trinitobenzene 110 Ethion 230 Trinitotoluene (TNT) 57 111 Ethyl acetate 231 Turpentine 112 Ethyl benzene 232 Uranium and compounds 113 Ethyl amine 233 Vanadium and compounds 114 Ethyl ether 234 Vinyl acetate 115 Ethyl methacrylate 235 Vinyl chloride 116 Ethylene dichloride 236 Vinyladene chloride 117 Ethylene dibromide 237 Warfarin 118 Ethylene diamine 238 Xylene 119 Ethylene oxide 239 Xylidine 120 Ethylenimine 240 Zinc chloride 241 Zirconium and compounds 58 IV H3H33 H3 H3 (suspension) closed-cupopen-cup open-cup testsclosed-cup tests test H4.1 H4.2 H4.3 H5.1 59 UN Class Code Characteristics H5.2 bivalent-O-O-structure H6.1 H6.2 H8 H30 H31 H32 H33 60 61 V Y handling )volume/weight( IIIIH (IV) 62 YH special handling 63 VI (NEPA) (NEPA) (NEPA)