Switzerland → Australia (refine) → United Kingdom · Retail investment-gold sale by a dealer (HVD rules for cash)

货物起点

• Banks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).

  CHF 15,000 cash

  标准金额未确认

  • CDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28

• Melt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per ca…

  官方指引

  • BAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)

• Commercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed b…

  法律原文

  • EMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48

• Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified wit…

  法律原文

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung darf Schmelzgut nur von Per-”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 2 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “Es muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Do- kumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 3 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “Bestehen über die Herkunft der Ware Zweifel oder stammen die An- gebote von Unbekannten, so ist der Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung verpflichtet, die Herkunft des Schmelzgutes besonders sorgfältig abzu- klären.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “derlichen organisatorischen Massnahmen, um das Schmelzen von Schmelzgut unrechtmässiger Herkunft zu verhindern.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 2 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “so ist die Ware durch den Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung bis zur Klärung des Falles in unverändertem Zu- stand aufzubewahren.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 3 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168c Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)

    “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung muss über seine Ankäufe von Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten Buch führen.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168c Abs. 2 Bst. b (parsed into section sch-2)

    “die in Artikel 168a Absatz 2 vorgeschriebenen Identifikations- nachweise;”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168a)

    “Er muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Dokumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen und muss sich vor Ausführung des Auftrages den rechtmässigen Erwerb des Schmelzgutes durch den Auftraggeber nachweisen lassen.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168b Abs. 3)

    “Die Dokumente über den Geschäftsverkehr mit Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”

  • PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) Ziff. 3.3.2

    “Bestehen Zweifel über die Herkunft des Materials oder in Bezug auf die Integrität des Kunden sind Bewilligungsinhaber verpflichtet, den Sachverhalt besonders sorgfältig abzuklären”

• Purchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the …

  法律原文

  • Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

• Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on …

  法律原文

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917, ZV Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) as amended

    “Anhang 2 wird wie folgt geändert:”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Anhang 2 Ziff. 5: precious metals ex tariff chapter 71

    “Perlen, Diamanten, Edelsteine, Schmucksteine, Edelmetalle und Edel- metallplattierungen sowie Waren daraus (ex Zolltarifkapitel 71)”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917 Ziff. IV: in force

    “Diese Verordnung tritt am 1. Januar 2016 in Kraft.”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 178a Abs. 1: electronic declaration on entry into the free port

    “Die anmeldepflichtige Person muss sensible Waren bei der Einlagerung ins Zoll- freilager elektronisch anmelden.”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 185: inventory record per depositor

    “Die Bestandesaufzeichnung für sensible Waren ist je Einlagererin oder je Einlagerer zu führen.”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 2: kept electronically

    “Sie muss elektronisch geführt werden.”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 3bis: warehouse keeper submits it on request

    “Auf Verlangen muss die Lagerhalterin oder der Lagerhalter der EZV die”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917, ZV Art. 246a: amendment date

    “Übergangsbestimmungen zur Änderung vom 18. November 2015”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), BAZG R-10-50 (1 Jul 2025) s.1.3.1: export goods count as sensitive goods

    “Ausfuhrwaren gelten als sensible Waren”

  • Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), R-10-50 s.4.1: inventory records over all sensitive goods

    “Bestandesaufzeichnungen nach den Grundsätzen der ordnungsgemässen Buchführung”

• Cash threshold for dealers in goods (anti-money laundering)

  法律原文

  • GwG Art. 8a(1)

    “Händlerinnen und Händler nach Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Buchstabe b müssen folgende”

  • GwG Art. 8a(1)(a)

    “Identifizierung der Vertragspartei (Art. 3 Abs. 1);”

• Cash threshold for dealers in gold (anti-money laundering)

  法律原文

  • GwG Art. 8a(1)

    “Händlerinnen und Händler nach Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Buchstabe b müssen folgende”

  • GwG Art. 8a(1)(a)

    “Identifizierung der Vertragspartei (Art. 3 Abs. 1);”

  • GwG Art. 8a(2bis)

    “oder Edelsteinen beträgt die massgebende Schwelle im Sinne von Ab-”

  • EMKG Art. 1(1)

    “Edelmetalle im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind Gold, Silber, Platin und Palladium.”

途经

Doré bar - unstamped → 999.9 kilobar

• GST - first supply of precious metal after refining

  GST-free (0%, input credits allowed) First supply of precious metal after its refining by, or on behalf of, the supplier, where the refiner is a "refiner of precious metal" and the recipient a "dealer in precious metal" (each: an entity that satisfies the Commissioner of the activity - s.195-1)

  法律原文金额未确认

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, s.38-385; s.195-1

• GST on importation of precious metal

  Non-taxable importation (precious metal); otherwise GST 10% of the value of the taxable importation (customs value plus international transport and insurance, s.13-20) Imported gold that meets the precious-metal definition is a non-taxable importation because its supply would be input taxed or GST-free (s.13-10(b)); dore and other gold outside the definition is a taxable importation

  法律原文金额未确认

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, ss.13-5, 13-10(b), 13-20

• GST - other supplies of precious metal

  Input taxed (no GST charged; no input tax credits) Gold (in an investment form) of at least 99.5% fineness (s.195-1 precious metal); "investment form" is not defined in the Act - the ATO describes it as a coin, wafer, bar or other tradeable form with an internationally accepted hallmark (LBMA-approved for gold)

  法律原文

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, s.40-100; s.195-1

• GST reverse charge on supplies of goods containing valuable metal

  10% of the price, payable by the recipient A taxable supply of goods consisting wholly or partly of valuable metal (gold, silver, platinum) to a recipient registered or required to be registered, where the market value of the goods does not exceed the valuable metal threshold (i.e. is not at least 10% above the value of the metal in them) or the parties agree in writing - e.g. scrap, dore and other non-investment gold

  法律原文金额未确认

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, Division 86 (ss.86-5, 86-10, 86-25); s.195-1 valuable metal

• Customs duty on gold

  Free HS 7108.11.00, 7108.12.00, 7108.13.00, 7108.20.00 and 7112.91.00 (general rate Free; the rate footnote: FTA originating goods Free unless otherwise shown)

  官方指引金额未确认

  • Customs Tariff Act 1995, Schedule 3

• Buying or selling bullion (gold, silver, platinum or palladium as a bar, coin, ingot, plate, wafer or like form, bearing a mark guaranteeing fineness and traded by reference to the spot price) in the course of carrying on a bullion-dealing business is a designated service: enrolment, AML/CTF program…

  法律原文

  • AML/CTF Act 2006, s.5 (bullion); s.6(3) table 2 item 1; ss.39E, 41, 43, 51B

• Buying or selling precious metal (gold, silver, platinum-group metals, or an alloy with at least 2% of them, manufactured or not), precious stones or precious products in the course of carrying on a business, where the purchase involves physical currency and/or virtual assets totalling $10,000 or mo…

  $10,000 in physical currency and/or virtual assets

  法律原文

  • AML/CTF Act 2006 as amended by the AML/CTF Amendment Act 2024, s.5A; s.6(3) table 2 item 2; Amendment Act s.2 and Sch 3 Pt 4 items 11-12

    “buying or selling one or more of the following items in the course of carrying on a business, where the purchase involves the transfer of physical currency or virtual assets (or a combination of physical currency and virtual assets) with a total value of not less than $10,000, whether the purchase is made in a single transaction or in several transactions that are linked or appear to be linked: (a) precious metal; (b) precious stones; (c) precious products”

• Export markets accept Australian bars through the refiner's LBMA Good Delivery listing and exchange accreditations (CME, SGE, OSE, DGCX for the Perth Mint).

  行业惯例

• No economy-wide cap on cash payments was found. Reporting entities must report threshold transactions (transfers of $10,000 or more in physical currency) to AUSTRAC within 10 business days (s.43; s.5). Moving monetary instruments worth $10,000 or more into or out of Australia must be reported (s.53)…

  $10,000 (reporting, not a limit)

  法律原文

  • AML/CTF Act 2006, ss.5, 43, 53

    “monetary instrument means any of the following: (a) physical currency; (b) a bearer negotiable instrument; (c) a thing prescribed by the AML/CTF Rules.”

• No foreign-exchange control or repatriation requirement on gold export proceeds was identified.

  未经核实

• No export permit or licence for gold (it is not a prohibited export). The owner must enter goods for export by an export declaration and may not load them without an authority to deal (export entry advice); consignments with an FOB value of $2,000 or less are exempt unless a permission is required. …

  FOB value above $2,000

  法律原文

  • Customs Act 1901, ss.113(1)-(2A), 113AA, 114, 114C, 116

    “an FOB value not exceeding $2,000 or such other amount as is prescribed”

• Origin and CAHRA due diligence on supplies is imposed on Australian refiners by the LBMA RGG as a Good Delivery condition, not by Australian statute.

  二手资料

• Importing, purchasing or transporting gold (HS 7108) that was exported from Russia after 30 Sep 2022 is a sanctioned import (Designation Sch 1 item 16; AS Regulations reg 4A(1)-(3)) and an offence unless authorised by a permit of the Minister for Foreign Affairs under reg 18(1)(b) (reg 12A); it exte…

  法律原文

  • Autonomous Sanctions (Import Sanctioned Goods-Russia) Designation 2022 Sch 1 item 16; Autonomous Sanctions Regulations 2011 regs 4A, 12A, 18; Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 s.16

• Supplying, selling or transferring an item of gold, precious metals and diamonds so that it is transferred to the Government of Syria (or its public bodies, agents or controlled entities) is a sanctioned supply, and importing or purchasing such an item from them is a sanctioned import; both are offe…

  法律原文

  • Autonomous Sanctions Regulations 2011, regs 4(4), 4A(4), 12, 12A, 18

货物终点

• Customs duty on gold (UK Global Tariff)

  0.00% (third-country duty on 7108 12 00 00; preferential rates also 0.00%) HS 7108 12 00 00 non-monetary gold, other unwrought forms (read); 7108 13 and 7112 91 not held

  官方指引金额未确认

  • Customs Tariff (Establishment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1430), as shown on the tariff

• Import VAT on investment gold

  Exempt Bars/wafers 995+ of a weight accepted by the bullion markets; qualifying coins

  官方指引金额未确认

  • VAT Act 1994 Sch 9 Group 15; VAT Notice 701/21 s.8.1; UK tariff additional code VATE

• Import VAT on non-investment gold

  20% (standard rate; tariff code 03020) Doré, grain, scrap, bars below 995, non-qualifying coins

  官方指引金额未确认

  • VAT Notice 701/21, s10.7

• VAT exemption for supplies of investment gold (with option to tax)

  Exempt Supplies of investment gold (incl. rights to it, unallocated gold, loans, swaps, forwards and futures; not options) and agents' services for them; not between an LBMA member and a taxable non-member (standard-rated, SAS)

  官方指引金额未确认

  • VAT Act 1994 Sch 9 Group 15; VAT (Investment Gold) Order 1999

• Special accounting scheme (reverse charge) for gold

  20%, accounted for by the buyer Standard-rated B2B supplies between VAT-registered (or liable) persons: fine gold, gold grain, gold coins (not margin-scheme), gold-containing goods priced at no more than a negligible amount above the gold value, investment gold on which the option to tax is exercised or supplied between an LBMA member and a non-member, and treatment/processing services producing such gold (Notice 701/21 s.11.2)

  官方指引金额未确认

  • VAT Act 1994 s.55 (named in VGOLD1700; statute not held)

• Zero rate for London Bullion Market and central-bank gold transactions

  0% Investment gold (incl. futures and options) between taxable LBMA members (TMO; Notice 701/9 s.3.2.4); gold, rights to or part interests in gold held in the UK between central banks or between a central bank and an LBM member (VATA Sch 8 Group 10; Notice 701/21 s.10.4). Not zero-rated: investment gold between an LBMA member and a taxable non-member (standard-rated, special accounting scheme); a futures contract between a member and a non-member that leads to physical delivery (Notice 701/9 s.3.3.2).

  官方指引金额未确认

  • VAT (Terminal Markets) Order 1973 art. 2(2), (4) and arts 4-7; VATA 1994 s.50, Sch 8 Group 10

• HMRC MLR registration and annual supervision fee

  Not read

  官方指引

• The UK tariff attaches to 7108 12 00 00 a "Restriction on entry into free circulation for Belarus" (from 30 Sep 2023; legal base SI 2023/616) and a "Restriction on export for Belarus" (legal base SI 2022/748): allowed with document code 9011 (DBT licence, GBSAN reference) or 9022 (not subject to / e…

  官方指引

  • Republic of Belarus (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 as amended

• A trader accepting or making a cash payment of GBP 10,000 or more for goods (single or linked) is a high value dealer: must register with HMRC first and apply CDD. Threshold changed from EUR 10,000 to GBP 10,000 with effect from 30 Jun 2026.

  GBP 10,000 cash (EUR 10,000 before 30 Jun 2026)

  法律原文金额未确认

  • MLR 2017 as amended by SI 2026/621, regs 14, 27(3); SI 2026/621 reg 9

• Regulated firms apply CDD on a business relationship, a transfer of funds over GBP 800, an occasional transaction of GBP 12,000+ (HVDs: cash GBP 10,000+), suspicion or doubt; EDD for PEPs, non-face-to-face and FATF call-for-action countries (reg 33 as amended 30 Jun 2026); keep records 5 years; nomi…

  Occasional transactions GBP 12,000 (general); GBP 10,000 cash (HVD); transfer of funds GBP 800 (from 30 Jun 2026; previously 15,000 / 10,000 / 1,000 euros)

  法律原文金额未确认

  • MLR 2017, reg 27

• The import into the United Kingdom of gold originating from Russia is prohibited where it was exported from Russia on or after the relevant day. The ban goes by origin, so it applies whichever country the gold is shipped from.

  法律原文

  • The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 14) Regulations 2022, inserting reg 46Z11 into SI 2019/855, reg 46Z11(1)

    “The import of gold originating from Russia is prohibited, where that gold has been exported from Russia on or after the relevant day.”

• No Great Britain statute imposing CAHRA/OECD due diligence on gold importers was found. Responsible-sourcing duties in London come from the LBMA (RGG mandatory for Good Delivery refiners since 2012; annual audit; Incident Review Process) and the GBI country-of-origin reporting (monthly, mandatory fr…

  标准

  • LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance / Good Delivery Rules

• UK persons may not provide financial services for foreign exchange reserve and asset management to the Central Bank of Russia, the National Wealth Fund or the Russian Ministry of Finance (or persons owned, controlled or acting for them); the reserves include bullion such as gold - "it is prohibited …

  官方指引

  • Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, reg 18A (as named in the statutory guidance)

• Only Good Delivery bars settle loco London: 350-430 fine troy oz, minimum 995.0 fineness, marks = refiner stamp, assay mark, fineness, serial number (max 11 digits or characters), month and year of manufacture (MMYY, since Jan 2019); no laser engraving. Vault managers have complete discretion and an…

  标准

  • LBMA Good Delivery Rules 2026; LPMCL account agreements, GD Rules 2.1.5, 2.1.7, 2.4

• The Hallmarking Act 1973 regulates describing articles as gold; Schedule 1 Part II exempts "Any raw material (including any bar, plate, sheet, foil, rod, wire, strip or tube) or bullion" (para 7) and coins that are or were current coin of the UK or any other territory (para 3). Bullion bars and lega…

  法律原文

  • Hallmarking Act 1973

• Dealers in exempt investment gold must identify customers (one List 1 and one List 2 document), issue invoices with prescribed details, keep records at least 6 years and notify HMRC within 28 days when an exempt supply first exceeds GBP 5,000 or supplies to one customer exceed GBP 10,000 in 12 month…

  GBP 5,000 per supply / GBP 10,000 per customer per 12 months

  法律原文金额未确认

  • VAT Regulations 1995; VAT tertiary legislation, reg 31A

• LBMA suspended six Russian refiners (Krastsvetmet, Novosibirsk, Uralelectromed, Moscow Special Alloys, Prioksky, Shyolkovsky) from the Good Delivery List on 7 Mar 2022; their bars made from that date are not Good Delivery; stocks already in loco London/Swiss before then remain Good Delivery.

  标准

  • LBMA Good Delivery List

• Import of gold originating in Russia that was exported from Russia on or after 21 Jul 2022 is prohibited (reg 46Z11); so are acquiring gold that originated in and is located in Russia with the intention that it enter the UK (46Z12), supplying or delivering gold that originated in Russia on or after …

  none

  法律原文

  • Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 as amended by SI 2022/850, regs 46Z11-46Z16; Sch 3G

• Import of relevant processed gold - gold processed (altered, transformed or otherwise operated on) in a third country that incorporates gold which on or after 21 Jul 2022 originated in and was exported from Russia - is prohibited (46Z16C), as is import of gold jewellery (Sch 3G Part 3) originating i…

  法律原文

  • SI 2022/1110 (Chapter 4JA), regs 46Z16B, 46Z16C, 46Z16D-46Z16I

• All smuggled gold may be liable to forfeiture under the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, even in the hands of an innocent buyer; HMRC advises buyers to check where the gold came from, whether it was declared at import with import VAT paid, and warning signs (below-market price, quick settleme…

  官方指引

  • Customs and Excise Management Act 1979; VAT Notice 701/21 s.14

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