Peru → Russian Federation → India · Sale of bullion on IIBX
以研究形式发布的公开法律与官方指引,不构成法律、税务或金融建议。
研究内容本身以英文撰写。标题和标签已翻译,调查结果和引文未翻译。
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研究记录的每个步骤、税费和管制,附法律依据及研究的可靠程度。
秘鲁 (Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed) ⟶ 俄罗斯 (Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed) ⟶ 印度 (Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed)
未研究:秘鲁 → 俄罗斯
第 1 段:秘鲁
货物起点
Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed
- 1
Process purchased ore by cyanidation (carbon/Merrill-Crowe) and smelt to doré; keep chemical-input operation registers
- 执行方
- Processing plant (planta de beneficio) that buys ore or concentrate
- 所需
- SUNAT controlled chemical inputs registration (Registro BF)
- 出具
- Operations register for controlled chemical inputs
- 形态
- Ore (in situ / run-of-mine) → Doré bar - unstamped
二手资料 - 2
Melt refogado gold into doré (oro fundido) and number the bar
- 执行方
- Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO
- 出具
- Bar/lot number marked on the doré
- 形态
- Sponge gold → Doré bar - unstamped
二手资料 - 3
Assay the bar; the certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer) is the basis for price and is presented to SUNAT-Aduanas
- 执行方
- Assay laboratory
- 出具
- Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer)
- 形态
- Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed
二手资料DESPA-PG.02 (read in full) does not list an assay certificate among export documents (VII.A.1 num 3); presenting it to customs is practice per the Swiss guide.
- 4
Verify supplier (RECPO status, origin documentation) and buy the doré; buyer deposits 1.5% detracción; invoice carries the seller's detracciones account
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 所需
- Buyer's RECPO registration; Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); Electronic purchase register (registro de compras) of gold/ore buyers
- 出具
- Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status); SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción); Electronic invoice (factura) / comprobante de pago for domestic sale
法律原文 - 5
Carry the doré by security and valuables transport under an electronic waybill to the exporter's premises or the airport cargo terminal
- 执行方
- Security and valuables transport company
- 出具
- Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal; Sworn declaration of transport through a security and valuables company
二手资料DL 1107 (control of transport of mineral product), art 3; 3rd DCF
- 6
Record the operation in the UIF register of operations when it reaches US$15,000; file a ROS within 24 hours of qualifying an operation as suspicious
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 所需
- UIF-Perú sujeto obligado registration and compliance officer designation
- 出具
- UIF register of operations (Registro de Operaciones)
法律原文Res. SBS 789-2018, arts 22, 23.1, 38 num 10
- 7
Mine and process ore on its concessions (heap leach, carbon/Merrill-Crowe) and pour doré
- 执行方
- Medium/large mining company
- 所需
- Mining concession title
- 形态
- Ore (in situ / run-of-mine) → Doré bar - unstamped
二手资料 - 8
Weigh, sample and assay each bar (gold and silver content); doré and refined gold both enter customs as 7108.12
- 执行方
- Assay laboratory
- 出具
- Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); Bar/lot number marked on the doré
- 形态
- Doré bar - unstamped → Doré bar - stamped/exporter-sealed
二手资料 - 9
Secure transport to the Lima airport cargo terminal
- 执行方
- Security and valuables transport company
- 出具
- Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal
二手资料 - 10
Hold a vigente REINFO inscription (or, if formalised, a concession and PPM/PMA status) and declare the real location of the workings through the Ventanilla Única de Formalización Minera within 120 calendar days of Ley 32537
- 执行方
- Informal small/artisanal miner registered in REINFO (in formalisation)
- 所需
- REINFO inscription (vigente)
- 出具
- Declaration of real location of the operation (Ley 32537 2nd DCF, Ventanilla Única)
法律原文[time-limited] REINFO lapses on 31 Dec 2026 unless extended again or replaced by a MAPE law.
DL 1293 art 6 as substituted by Ley 32537; Ley 32537 2nd DCF, art 6; 2nd DCF
- 11
Acquire mercury/cyanide only through the SUNAT-controlled chemical-input system (registered user, operation register)
- 执行方
- Informal small/artisanal miner registered in REINFO (in formalisation)
- 出具
- Operations register for controlled chemical inputs
法律原文[not-read] How REINFO miners buy mercury under DS 117-2026-EF (registration articles read only by heading) was not established.
Ley 32412, arts 4.1, 8.1, 9.1
- 12
Extract ore; either sell run-of-mine ore/concentrate to a processing plant (typical of Pataz/La Libertad, Arequipa) or concentrate and amalgamate on site and burn off mercury to produce refogado gold (typical of Madre de Dios, Puno)
- 执行方
- Informal small/artisanal miner registered in REINFO (in formalisation)
- 形态
- Ore (in situ / run-of-mine) → Sponge gold
二手资料 - 13
Before buying, verify the seller and collect the DL 1107 art 11 data: RUC, name, ID and domicile; Código Único de Concesión (vigente) and Autorización de Explotación, or vigente REINFO inscription; comprobante de pago; guía de remisión and transporter
- 执行方
- Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO
- 所需
- REINFO inscription (vigente); Seller's RUC
- 出具
- Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status)
法律原文TUO LGM art 4; DL 1107 art 11 (letter (a) per Ley 32537); DS 012-2012-EM art 5.1, art 11
- 14
Weigh and test the refogado/sponge gold and agree price (discount to international quotation)
- 执行方
- Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO
- 所需
- Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status)
- 出具
- Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra)
行业惯例DS 012-2012-EM art 6; DS 018-2018-EM 2nd DCF, art 6
- 15
Where the seller invoices, deposit the detracción in the seller's Banco de la Nación account: 10% for IGV-taxed gold 7108.13/7108.20 (Anexo 2 num 16) and 1.5% for IGV-exempt gold 7108.11/7108.12 (per SUNAT's appendix page), by the earlier of payment or the 5th business day of the month after recording the invoice; 10% for gold ores and concentrates 2616.90.10 (Anexo 1 num 3), before transport
- 执行方
- Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO
- 所需
- Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra)
- 出具
- SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción)
法律原文[unconfirmed] The 1.5% rate for IGV-exempt gold is read only on SUNAT's appendix page (see pe.tax-spot-exempt-gold).
RS 183-2004/SUNAT arts 3, 6, 8, 11.1; Anexo 1 num 3 and Anexo 2 num 16 (RS 000086-2025), arts 8, 11.1
- 16
Take delivery against the liquidación de compra (or the seller's invoice where the seller has RUC) and pay by bank means of payment directly to the seller (obligatory above S/2,000 or US$500 for the payment to be tax-deductible)
- 执行方
- Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO
- 所需
- Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status); Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra); SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción)
- 出具
- Electronic invoice (factura) / comprobante de pago for domestic sale; Payment to the miner by bank transfer
法律原文TUO Ley 28194 as amended by DL 1529, arts 3, 4, 5-A, 8
- 17
Buy ore or concentrate from the miner after the same identity/REINFO/concession checks, issuing the liquidación de compra or receiving the seller's invoice; where the seller invoices, the 10% detracción (Anexo 1 num 3) is deposited before the ore moves; ore travels under a guía de remisión
- 执行方
- Processing plant (planta de beneficio) that buys ore or concentrate
- 所需
- REINFO inscription (vigente); Buyer's origin-verification file on the seller (identity, REINFO/concession code, formalisation status)
- 出具
- Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra); SPOT deposit certificate (constancia de depósito de detracción); Electronic waybill (guía de remisión) for the mineral product
法律原文DL 1107 arts 10-11; DS 012-2012-EM arts 5-6; RS 183-2004/SUNAT Anexo 1 num 3
- 18
Enter each purchase in the electronic purchase register (seller RUC and name, vigente REINFO where applicable, nature, origin (name and code of the mining right), quantity/weight, grade, price) and report the register monthly through MINEM's extranet form
- 执行方
- Gold trader (comercializador) registered in RECPO
- 所需
- Purchase settlement (liquidación de compra)
- 出具
- Electronic purchase register (registro de compras) of gold/ore buyers
法律原文DS 012-2012-EM art 5 as substituted by DS 009-2025-EM, arts 5.1, 5.3
- 19
Sign the international sale contract: price by the LBMA (London) gold price on an agreed fixing date, fineness, Incoterm (FCA/EXW common), payment on delivery by bank transfer, optional 50-90% prefinancing
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 出具
- International sale contract (price by London fix on an agreed date, fineness, Incoterm, payment); LBMA gold price on the agreed fixing date
二手资料 - 20
Prepare commercial invoice, packing list, lab certificate and a sworn declaration of lawful origin of the mineral
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 所需
- Exporter's RECPO registration; Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); International sale contract (price by London fix on an agreed date, fineness, Incoterm, payment)
- 出具
- Commercial invoice; Packing list; Sworn declaration of lawful origin of the mineral (declaración jurada de origen)
二手资料Neither DESPA-PG.02 (VII.A.1 num 3) nor any held law requires a sworn declaration of lawful origin at export; it is practice per the Swiss guide. The legal origin duties sit with the buyer (DL 1107 art 11).
- 21
Transmit the export DAM electronically (tariff subheading 7108.12.00.00 for non-monetary unwrought gold incl. doré); exports above US$5,000 FOB need a DAM through a customs agent
- 执行方
- Customs agent (agente de aduanas)
- 所需
- Commercial invoice; Packing list; Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer)
- 出具
- Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised
法律原文The US$5,000 FOB customs-agent threshold is not in DESPA-PG.02 (re-read in full 2026-09-29); it rests on the Swiss export guide (2016). DESPA-PG.02 VI.B requires an electronic mandate to the customs agent.
Ley General de Aduanas (DL 1053) art 60; DESPA-PG.02 v7, VII.A.1
- 22
Deliver the gold to the airport cargo terminal (zona primaria); international transport of gold is by air only
- 执行方
- Security and valuables transport company
- 所需
- Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal; Sworn declaration of transport through a security and valuables company
二手资料 - 23
Assign a control channel by risk management (green: release; red: document review and physical recognition in the presence of the customs agent or exporter)
- 执行方
- SUNAT (customs and tax administration)
- 所需
- Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised
法律原文DESPA-PG.02 v7, VI.D; VII.A.3
- 24
Ship within 30 days of DAM numbering (automatic 15-day extension where a loading list exists); airline issues the air waybill
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 所需
- Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised
- 出具
- Air waybill
法律原文DESPA-PG.02 v7, VI.F.1
- 25
Regularise the export within 30 days of final shipment (exporter confirms the declared data); SUNAT accepts the regularised DAM
- 执行方
- Customs agent (agente de aduanas)
- 所需
- Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised; Air waybill
- 出具
- Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised
法律原文DESPA-PG.02 v7, VII.A.7
- 26
Provide proof of origin if the buyer claims preference: for the US a certification by the importer, exporter or producer (TPA art 4.15, no prescribed format); for the EU an EUR.1 via VUCE (per Swiss guide)
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 出具
- Proof of origin for preference: US-Peru TPA certification by the importer, exporter or producer (no prescribed format); EUR.1 via VUCE for the EU (per Swiss guide)
二手资料
税费
Export duty on gold
0% - exports are not subject to any tax Definitive exports
法律原文金额未确认Ley General de Aduanas (DL 1053), art 60
Special Mining Contribution (Gravamen Especial a la Minería)
Effective rate from Anexo II: marginal 4.00%-13.12% (17 brackets by operating margin)
法律原文金额未确认Ley 29790, arts 2.1, 2.2, 3; Anexo II
Special Mining Tax (Impuesto Especial a la Minería)
Effective rate from the Anexo scale: marginal 2.00%-8.40% (17 brackets by operating margin)
法律原文金额未确认Ley 29789, art 5.3; Anexo
Mining royalty (regalía minera)
Effective rate from the Anexo scale (marginal 1.00%-12.00%, 16 brackets by operating margin) on quarterly operating profit; pay the greater of that and 1% of quarterly sales Holders of mining concessions exploiting metallic minerals incl. gold; pequeños productores mineros and productores mineros artesanales pay 0% (art 4.4)
法律原文金额未确认Ley 28258, art 4 as substituted by Ley 29788 art 3, arts 4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1
Detracción on IGV-exempt gold
1.5% Domestic sales of IGV-exempt gold 7108.11/7108.12 where the seller issues the invoice; not applied if the amount is S/700 or less (art 8 num 1) or the buyer issues a liquidación de compra (art 8 num 4)
官方指引金额未确认RS 183-2004/SUNAT, Anexo 2 entry "Oro y demás minerales metálicos exonerados del IGV" (numbered 11 on SUNAT's appendix page); art 8
Detracción on gold ores/concentrates and IGV-taxed gold
10% Anexo 1 numeral 3: gold ores and concentrates 2616.90.10.00 taxed with IGV - sale, retiro, and transfer out of the production centre above ½ UIT, deposit before transport (transfers to the processing plant not arising from a sale excluded by RS 000121-2025; sales documented by liquidación de compra excluded, art 3(b)). Anexo 2 numeral 16: IGV-taxed gold 7108.13.00.00 and 7108.20.00.00.
法律原文金额未确认RS 183-2004/SUNAT Anexo 1 numeral 3 and Anexo 2 numeral 16, as amended by RS 000086-2025 arts 3-4
Detracción on gold ores/concentrates as Anexo 2 "Oro gravado con el IGV" (before RS 000086-2025)
10% 2616.90.10.00 together with 7108.13 and 7108.20 under Anexo 2 "Oro gravado con el IGV"; deposit by payment or the 5th business day of the following month
官方指引金额未确认RS 183-2004/SUNAT Anexo 2 (numeral 16 before RS 000086-2025)
Financial transactions tax (ITF)
0.005%
法律原文TUO Ley 28194 (DS 150-2007-EF), art 10
“La alícuota del Impuesto a las Transacciones Financieras (ITF) es cero coma cero cero cinco por ciento (0,005%)”
Detracción on mineral processing services
12% "Servicio de beneficio de minerales metálicos gravado con el IGV" (toll processing), Anexo 3 numeral 11
法律原文金额未确认RS 183-2004/SUNAT Anexo 3 numeral 11, added by RS 000086-2025 art 4
管制
Bancarización: obligations above S/2,000 or US$500 must be paid through financial-system means of payment (deposits, transfers, payment orders, cards, non-negotiable cheques), made directly to the creditor or a third party notified to SUNAT (art 5-A); payments made otherwise give no right to deduct…
S/2,000 or US$500 (TUO Ley 28194 art 4 as amended by DL 1529, from 1 Apr 2022)
法律原文金额未确认TUO Ley 28194 (DS 150-2007-EF) as amended by DL 1529, arts 3, 4, 5, 5-A, 8
Mercury, sodium and potassium cyanide and hydrocarbons are controlled inputs under SUNAT: registered users (Registro para el Control de los Bienes Fiscalizados), operation registers, loss notification within one calendar day, fiscal routes (e.g. into Madre de Dios). Ley 32412 replaced DL 1103 from J…
法律原文Ley 32412, arts 3(b), 4.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1
Crime of trafficking in mineral resources from illegal mining: whoever moves, collects, stores, transports, keeps, conceals, markets, acquires, ships, unloads or exports, or holds, metallic or non-metallic mineral resources from activities outside the formalisation process or without the required ad…
法律原文Código Penal art 307-F as amended and art 307-G as added by DL 1695, arts 307-F, 307-G
State of emergency in Pataz (La Libertad) renewed by DS 113-2026-PCM; mining in Pataz was suspended for 30 days in May 2025 after 13 miners were murdered.
二手资料DS 113-2026-PCM (not read)
The TUO LGM guarantees mining titleholders "libertad de remisión de utilidades, dividendos, recursos financieros y libre disponibilidad de moneda extranjera en general" (art 72(i)) and stability contracts add free disposal of export foreign exchange (art 80(b)). No foreign-exchange surrender or rep…
法律原文TUO LGM, art 72(i); art 80(b)
“i) Libertad de remisión de utilidades, dividendos, recursos financieros y libre disponibilidad de moneda extranjera en general”
Buyers must verify the origin of mineral substances (TUO LGM art 4). Under DL 1107 art 11 every buyer of mineral products collects at least: seller RUC, name, ID and domicile; the Código Único de Concesión in vigente state (an extinct one only if its file is in a formalisation validated in the RE…
法律原文DL 1107 art 11 (letter (a) as rewritten by Ley 32537 DCM Única, 26 Dec 2025; previously by Ley 31746, 18 May 2023; original text 2012); TUO LGM art 4, art 11
“La adquisición de productos mineros ilegales no genera ningún derecho ni beneficio tributario”
Only REINFO-registered miners in formalisation (or formalised titleholders) may lawfully sell; REINFO (DL 1293, run by MINEM DGFM) holds sworn-declaration information and is not an enabling title. Validity now to 31 Dec 2026 or until the MAPE law and its reglamento enter into force (Ley 32537); earl…
法律原文DL 1293 art 6 as substituted by Ley 32537; DS 009-2025-EM 3rd DCT, art 6
Mining companies that trade gold (purchase, import for consumption and/or definitive export of raw or semi-worked gold) and dealers in jewellery and precious metals are UIF-Perú sujetos obligados: compliance officer designated within 15 business days (art 7.2), customer and supplier due diligence (…
RO: US$15,000 per operation (art 38 num 10.2); ROS: within 24 hours of qualification (art 23.1)
法律原文金额未确认Ley 29038 art 3.2(d),(q); Res. SBS 789-2018, arts 2.1 num 3-4, 3 num 19, 7.2, 16.2.2, 22, 23.1, 31, 38
No Peruvian statute imposing OECD-style CAHRA due diligence on gold exporters was found; foreign refiners apply OECD DDG / LBMA RGG to Peruvian ASM supply, and Ley 32537 speaks of verifying the lawful origin of mineral in the supply chain (per BDO).
二手资料SUNAT controls the entry, stay, transport and exit of mineral products and of machinery usable in illegal mining (DL 1107 art 3) and may apply special controls to their commercialisation (art 9); gold and gold alloys in any form fall under art 9 (3rd DCF). Madre de Dios is the area for fiscal routes…
法律原文DL 1107 arts 3, 9 and 3rd DCF; RS 000086-2025/SUNAT, arts 3, 9
No export licence, permit, state assay or export levy applies to gold: mineral commercialisation is free internally and externally and needs no concession (TUO LGM art 3; gold per DS 005-91-EM/VMM, given force of law by art 5); definitive export is not subject to any tax (LGA art 60). DESPA-PG.02 re…
法律原文TUO LGM arts 3, 5; LGA art 60; DESPA-PG.02 VII.A.1
Puno third-party gold regime (La Rinconada, Cerro Lunar and the provinces of San Antonio de Putina, Sandia and Carabaya): third persons working on others' concessions may sell gold only if registered in the DGFM Padrón de Terceras Personas Naturales y Seleccionadores Manuales de Oro, up to 66 g a m…
66 g of gold per registered person per month
法律原文DS 027-2012-EM arts 1-4 as substituted by DS 018-2018-EM, arts 2.2, 4.1-4.4
Plants, traders and Activos Mineros must keep an electronic register of every purchase of gold and other minerals (seller RUC and name; vigente REINFO inscription where the seller is in formalisation; nature of the mineral, origin (name and code of the mining right), quantity/weight, grade and purch…
法律原文DS 012-2012-EM art 5 as substituted by DS 009-2025-EM (2nd DCM), arts 5.1, 5.3
Every natural or legal person that buys, sells and/or refines gold must register in MINEM's Registro Especial de Comercializadores y Procesadores de Oro (RECPO) and keep a detailed register of suppliers and destination (DS 012-2012-EM art 7; RM 249-2012-MEM/DM). Buyers keep an electronic purchase re…
法律原文DS 012-2012-EM arts 5 (text of DS 009-2025-EM) and 7; RM 249-2012-MEM/DM, art 7
第 2 段:俄罗斯
途经
- 27
File the FPP import-control application in GIIS DMDK with the foreign-trade contract, specification, document on precious-metal content and special-registration record
- 执行方
- Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
- 所需
- Special-registration register entry (FPP); Assay certificate (fineness and fine weight); Commercial invoice
- 出具
- FPP application for import control
法律原文EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 4(a), Rules para 4(a)
- 28
State control at a specialised customs post (all goods except ores and concentrates), within 5 working days; act of state control
- 执行方
- Federal Assay Chamber
- 所需
- FPP application for import control
- 出具
- Act of state control on import
法律原文Presidential Decree 1137 para 19¹; EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 para 10, para 19¹
- 29
Declare the goods at a specialised customs post for release or processing, presenting the act of state control, and take delivery to the refinery
- 执行方
- Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
- 所需
- Act of state control on import
- 出具
- EAEU goods declaration for import / customs processing
法律原文[not-read] Import duty and import VAT treatment of gold-bearing material not read.
EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 paras 4, 8, Regulation para 8
- 30
Screen buyer and destination: Russian-origin gold exported after the sanctions dates cannot be imported into the EU, UK, US, Switzerland or Japan, and Russian bars made from 7 Mar 2022 are not LBMA Good Delivery; sales go to non-sanctioning markets
- 执行方
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
法律原文 - 31
Sign the export contract and issue the commercial invoice
- 执行方
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- 出具
- Export contract with foreign buyer; Commercial invoice
法律原文 - 32
Apply to Minpromtorg for an export licence (one-off for a contract, or a general licence under Decree 1126 or 867); Minfin approves the application in GIIS DMDK within 10 working days (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026), except credit organisations' applications for refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium bars since 8 May 2026
- 执行方
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- 所需
- Export contract with foreign buyer; Special-registration register entry (FPP)
- 出具
- Minfin conclusion (permissive document) approving an export-licence application (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026); EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general)
法律原文Licence validity and issue time from EEC Council Decision 125 Rules paras 9 and 13: a one-off licence is valid up to 1 year from its start (may be limited to the contract term); a general licence up to 1 year; the licensing authority decides within 15 working days of receiving the documents unless the Commission decision introducing the measure sets another term. [unconfirmed] Decision 125's own in-force date depends on the Protocol of 25.05.2023 (see ru.law-eec-125).
Presidential Decree 1137, Regulation paras 4 and 22; Minfin Order 10n, paras 4, 22
- 33
File the application letter for FPP state control through GIIS DMDK with: the export licence copy (table-1 goods), the contract, the specification, the invoice, the calculation of the value of the precious metals (within 5% of world prices), special-registration record or bank licence, proof of lawful ownership, the precious-metal content document, technical documentation, the subsoil licence (mining subjects) and the document on the State Fund's refusal to buy (mining and producing subjects)
- 执行方
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- 所需
- EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Export contract with foreign buyer; Commercial invoice; Document on the authorised bodies' refusal (non-exercise) to purchase; Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027)
- 出具
- Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK; Calculation of the value of precious metals in the consignment
法律原文[transcription] EEC Board Decision 30 read in the ConsultantPlus copy published by the FPP; the FPP list reproduces the same paragraph.
EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 4(b); Minfin Order 11n (valuation), Rules para 4(b)
- 34
State control of the whole consignment within 5 working days: check against documents, origin, compliance with transaction rules, valuation, optional sampling; issue the act of state control (3 copies; the first for customs) or a refusal
- 执行方
- Federal Assay Chamber
- 所需
- Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK
- 出具
- Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber
法律原文EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) paras 3, 8, 10; 41-FZ art. 26², Rules para 10
- 35
Lodge the export declaration at a specialised customs post, presenting the export licence and the act of state control
- 执行方
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- 所需
- EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber; Commercial invoice
- 出具
- Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs); Certificate of origin (general form) for non-EAEU destinations
法律原文[not-read] The customs rules on the declaration itself were not read.
EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 paras 4-5; Presidential Decree 1137 para 19¹, Regulation paras 4-5
- 36
Carry the sealed consignment to the airport and hand to the airline (valuable cargo)
- 执行方
- Secure carrier of valuables
- 所需
- Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs)
- 出具
- Packing list; Air waybill
未经核实The armed-escort rule (41-FZ art. 29(3)) covers transport to the airport; no rule on the hand-over to the airline was read.
Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)
税费
VAT on precious metals
0% on sales of precious metals by mining or producing taxpayers to the State Fund, regional funds, the Bank of Russia and banks (art. 164(1)(6)); 0% on goods exported under the export customs procedure (art. 164(1)(1)); 0% on ores and concentrates sold by miners to listed refiners for refining (art. 164(1)(6³)); exempt: sales of precious metals to the State Fund, CBR and banks by others, bank and CBR sales of bars to banks, sales of refined bars (except silver) by banks, refiners and Goznak to individuals, and bank sales of bars kept in the vault (art. 149(3)(9)); exempt: legal-tender precious-metal coins (art. 149(2)(11))
法律原文金额未确认Tax Code Part Two, ch. 21, arts. 149(2)(11), 149(3)(9), 164(1)(1), (6), (6³)
管制
FPP state control of every import from and export to non-EAEU states of goods in tables 1 and 3 of section 2.10 (41-FZ art. 26²; Decree 1137 para 19(b)): the whole batch is presented (for ores and concentrates, HS 2616, the documents only) and controlled within 5 working days; checks of the batch a…
法律原文EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) paras 3, 4, 7, 8, 10; Presidential Decree 1137 paras 19, 19¹, Rules paras 3, 10
From 1 May 2026 export from Russia of refined gold in bars with a total weight over 100 g by individuals, legal entities and entrepreneurs is prohibited, except (a) to EAEU member states through the international airports Moscow (Vnukovo), Moscow (Domodedovo), Moscow (Sheremetyevo) and Vladivostok (…
Total weight over 100 g
法律原文金额未确认Presidential Decree 193 of 25.03.2026; Government Decree 450 of 23.04.2026, para 2, para 4
Purchase and sale of precious metals (and jewellery and scrap) of RUB 1,000,000 or more is subject to mandatory control and reported to Rosfinmonitoring by the seller within 3 working days; individuals buying jewellery up to RUB 60,000 (RUB 400,000 with a personalised e-payment means) are not identi…
RUB 1,000,000
法律原文金额未确认Law 115-FZ, art. 6(1)(4) sixth paragraph; art. 7(1.4-2)
Only listed refiners, Goznak and credit organisations may sell refined (investment) bars to individuals, and retailers only bars received on commission or agency from them; buy-back dealers and pawnshops may pass bars bought from individuals only to refiners. Deals between individuals in precious me…
法律原文Government Decree 604 of 15.05.2024 (Rules paras 3-4, 8); 41-FZ art. 22(6), Rules para 4
No gold-specific cash-payment limit was found. The RUB 1,000,000 mandatory-control threshold applies whatever the means of payment.
未经核实Export to non-EAEU states of goods in tables 1 and 2 of section 2.10 of the EAEU Single List (table 1 includes refined gold in bars, plates, powder and granules, unique and non-refinable nuggets, other unwrought gold incl. dore, scrap, ores and concentrates) requires a licence issued by Minpromtorg …
法律原文Presidential Decree 1137 (Regulation paras 4, 22, 23); EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 para 5; Minfin Order 10n, paras 4, 22, 23
Residents must receive export proceeds on their accounts in authorised banks (173-FZ art. 19(1)(1)). Under art. 19(8) this does not apply to contracts priced or payable in foreign currency, except for goods listed there; the list includes HS 7101-7103 and 7112 but not 7108 (gold). Where art. 19 appl…
法律原文Federal Law 173-FZ art. 19; Presidential Decrees 79 (para 2) and 430, art. 19(1), (8)
Traceability: participants must record precious-metal operations in GIIS DMDK, with UINs and electronic accompanying documents between participants; refiners report receipt and shipment of metal in any form.
法律原文41-FZ art. 12², art. 20(2); Government Decree 270 of 26.02.2021, art. 12²
Refined metal in standard form must, before it enters circulation, be offered by a purchase proposal to the State Fund institution under Minfin and to the authority of the mining region (where a regional fund exists) - for the next year by 31 December, with an additional proposal within 10 working d…
法律原文Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 2(5), art. 20(4)-(5)
LBMA suspended six Russian refiners on 7 Mar 2022; their bars produced from that date are not Good Delivery; Russian bars already in loco London/Swiss before then remain Good Delivery, with clearing banks attesting conformity.
标准Mined and produced precious metals (except nuggets) must, after the necessary processing, go for refining to organisations on the Government list (41-FZ art. 20(1)); only listed organisations may refine (art. 4(4)); the refining agreement's mandatory terms and the refiner's reporting duties are set …
法律原文Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 20(1)
Switzerland: purchase, import, transit and transport into and through Switzerland of gold under Annex 26 (includes HS 7108) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 August 2022 are prohibited (Art. 14d(1)); the same applies to such gold processed in a third country (Art. 14d(2)) and, s…
法律原文Swiss Ukraine Ordinance SR 946.231.176.72 (Stand 21.09.2026), Art. 14d
EU: it is prohibited to purchase, import or transfer, directly or indirectly, gold listed in Annex XXVI (HS 7108; 7112 91 gold waste and scrap; ex 7118 90 gold coins) that originates in Russia and was exported from Russia into the Union or to any third country after 22 July 2022 (art. 3o(1)); the sa…
法律原文Regulation (EU) 833/2014 as amended by 2022/1269, art. 3o
Japan: import of precious metals originating in Russia and shipped from Russia on or after 1 August 2022 requires the Minister of Finance's permission under FEFTA art. 19(2) (MOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 July 2022, item 4); the government announced it on 5 July 2022 as an import ban.
法律原文MOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 Jul 2022, item 4
UK: import of gold originating in Russia and exported from Russia on or after 21 July 2022 is prohibited (reg 46Z11, Chapter 4J inserted by SI 2022/850, in force 21 Jul 2022), with prohibitions on acquisition with intent to import, supply and delivery, technical assistance, financial services and br…
法律原文Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, regs 46Z11-46Z16, 46Z16A-46Z16C
US: import of gold of Russian Federation origin is prohibited from 28 Jun 2022, except gold located outside Russia before that date (OFAC determination under E.O. 14068 s. 1(a)(i)(A), amended version of 22 Dec 2023). U.S. persons may not deal with the Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund or the Mi…
法律原文E.O. 14068 and the OFAC determination; E.O. 14024 as amended by E.O. 14114, E.O. 14068 s. 1(a)(i)(A); E.O. 14024 s. 11
“the importation into the United States of … products of Russian Federation origin”
Temporary ban from 1 June to 30 November 2026 on export from Russia of precious-metal waste and scrap (HS 7112) and electrical and electronic waste used mainly to recover precious metals (8549 21 000 0, 8549 29 000 0), with exceptions for samples of up to 500 g per batch exported by listed refiners …
法律原文Government Decree 558 of 16.05.2026, para 1
Legal entities, entrepreneurs and artist-jewellers operating with precious metals must be on the FPP special register kept in GIIS DMDK; those that should be registered and are not may not carry out operations (41-FZ art. 13¹(2)). Registration within 30 calendar days of state registration (Rules pa…
法律原文41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹
Precious metals and products from them are transported by air, sea, inland water, rail or specialised equipped road vehicles under armed escort; raw materials with less than 1% gold (or 5% silver), jewellery, investment metals (within a weight limit set by the Government) and some other items may mo…
法律原文Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)
第 3 段:印度
货物终点
- 37
Declare jewellery beyond the special allowance (40 g female / 20 g other passengers, residents or tourists of Indian origin abroad more than one year) and any gold other than ornaments electronically in CBD-I before the green channel, and pay duty (eligible passengers may import up to 1 kg of gold at the concessional rate of 45/2025 S. No. 194, duty in convertible foreign currency)
- 执行方
- International passenger
- 出具
- Baggage declaration
法律原文Baggage Rules 2026 r.6 and Annexure-I; Customs Baggage (Declaration and Processing) Regulations 2026 reg. 3; 45/2025 S. No. 194, condition 23, r.6; reg. 3
- 38
Offer bullion on an IIBX spot/T+2 contract (only suppliers and trading members may sell; QJs and TRQ holders are buy-only)
- 执行方
- IIBX Qualified Supplier (LBMA- or UAEGD-approved refiner/supplier)
- 所需
- BDR for bars deposited in IFSC vault
官方指引 - 39
Clear and settle the trade: funds every 3 hours, BDRs every 30 minutes
- 执行方
- Bullion exchange in GIFT IFSC (IIBX) and its clearing house
- 出具
- IIBX trade and settlement confirmation
官方指引
税费
Duty-free special allowance for jewellery (Baggage Rules 2026 r.6)
Duty-free jewellery up to 40 g (female passenger) or 20 g (other passengers) Residents or tourists of Indian origin residing abroad for more than one year, in bona fide baggage; gold or silver in any form other than ornaments is excluded from the general free allowance (Annexure-I item 5)
法律原文金额未确认Baggage Rules 2026, r.6; r.5 and Annexure-I item 5
India-UAE CEPA tariff rate quota for gold (22/2022-Customs TABLE III S. No. 12)
In-quota BCD 10% + AIDC 4% (14%) from 13 May 2026 (18/2026); 4% + 1% (5%) from 24 Jul 2024 (31/2024); 6.6% + 2.5% as notified in 2022 Gold of 71081100, 71081210, 71081290, 71081310, 71081390 (all goods) of UAE origin within the TRQ quantity: 200 tonnes from 1 Apr 2026 (09/2026); 180 tonnes FY 2025-26 (21/2025); 120 tonnes "other than Gold Dore Bar" in 2022
法律原文金额未确认Notification 22/2022-Customs TABLE III S. No. 12, conditions 1 and 2, as substituted/amended by 31/2024, 21/2025, 09/2026 and 18/2026
BCD and AIDC on other chapter 71 goods from 13 May 2026 (7107, 7109, 7110, 7111, 7112, 7118; findings; spent catalyst)
BCD 10% (45/2025 S. No. 202 as substituted and S. No. 203 findings, by 15/2026); AIDC: findings of gold or silver 5%, platinum findings 5.4% (15F), 7107 and 7109 5%, 7111 5.4%, 7118 5%, 7112 other than spent catalyst 5% (16/2026); spent catalyst or ash BCD 10% (S. No. 200A, to 31 Mar 2027), AIDC 4.35% (15E) Headings 7107, 7109, 7110, 7111, 7112, 7118
法律原文金额未确认Customs duty on gold dore
5.35% combined (BCD 5% + AIDC 0.35%) Gold dore bars with gold content not over 95% imported by actual users for refining (45/2025 S. No. 192, conditions 3 and 22)
法律原文金额未确认30/2024 (BCD); 32/2024 (AIDC); from 1 Nov 2025 45/2025 S. No. 192
Customs duty on gold dore from 13 May 2026: BCD 10% + AIDC
BCD 10% + AIDC 4.35% (11/2021 Sl. No. 15B, gold dore bar) = 14.35% Gold dore bar with gold content not over 95% (45/2025 S. No. 192), subject to conditions 3 (IGCR Rules 2022) and 22 (see in.cr-refinery-au)
法律原文金额未确认45/2025-Customs S. No. 192 as amended by 15/2026; 11/2021 Sl. No. 15B (inserted by 03/2023, rate 4.35% set by 16/2026)
Customs duty on gold bars (BCD + AIDC), July 2022 - July 2024
15% (dore 14.35%) HS 7108 bars; dore
官方指引金额未确认Customs duty on gold bars: BCD 5% + AIDC 1% (24 Jul 2024 - 12 May 2026)
6% combined (BCD 5%, AIDC 1%, SWS exempt) Gold bars (HS 7108)
法律原文金额未确认Notification 30/2024-Customs (BCD, amending 50/2017; carried at 5% into 45/2025 S. No. 196 from 1 Nov 2025); 32/2024-Customs (AIDC Sl. No. 15D 1%)
Customs duty on gold bars from 13 May 2026: BCD 10% + AIDC 5% (SWS exempt)
15% combined (BCD 10%, AIDC 5%) All goods of heading 7108 other than dore (45/2025 TABLE I S. No. 196); silver 7106 likewise (S. No. 197)
法律原文金额未确认45/2025-Customs S. No. 196 as amended by 15/2026 (BCD "5%" -> "10%"); 11/2021-Customs Sl. No. 15D as amended by 16/2026 (AIDC "5%"); 11/2018-Customs Sl. No. 1 (SWS exemption includes 7108)
IGST on gold (Schedule IV, 3%)
3% Heading 7108 gold (Schedule IV S. No. 5) and 7113 jewellery (S. No. 10), among other chapter 71 goods
法律原文金额未确认Notification 9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate), para 1(iv) and Schedule IV, Schedule IV S. Nos. 5 and 10
IGST exemption on gold imported by listed banks and agencies
IGST nil Gold or silver imported by the banks in List 13, gold by the banks in List 14 (incl. SBER Bank from 25 Jun 2025, domestic consumption only), gold/silver/platinum by the entities in List 15 (HHEC, MSTC, Diamond India) of 45/2025
法律原文45/2025-Customs TABLE I S. No. 198, column (5); Lists 13-15; 06/2026
Concessional duty on gold bars/coins brought by an eligible passenger
BCD 10% from 13 May 2026 (5% before); AIDC 4.35% (11/2021 Sl. No. 15C as substituted by 44/2025 and amended by 16/2026) Gold bars (non-tola) with engraved serial number and metric weight, gold coins of 99.5% or more, and other gold except studded ornaments, up to 1 kg per eligible passenger (Indian-origin passenger or passport holder after six months abroad), duty paid in convertible foreign currency (condition 23)
法律原文金额未确认45/2025-Customs S. No. 194 and condition 23, as amended by 15/2026; 11/2021 Sl. No. 15C (44/2025, 16/2026)
BIS hallmarking fee
Rs 45 per gold article, minimum Rs 200 per consignment, payable by the jeweller to the AHC; BIS levies Rs 4.50 per article (minimum Rs 20) from the AHC; applicable taxes extra
法律原文金额未确认BIS (Hallmarking) Regulations 2018, Schedule IV as substituted by the Amendment Regulations 2022, Schedule IV, paras 1(a)-(b)
管制
No person may receive Rs 200000 or more in cash (in aggregate from a person in a day, in a single transaction, or for transactions relating to one event or occasion from a person); only account payee cheque or draft, ECS through a bank account or prescribed electronic modes. Penalty equal to the sum…
Rs 200000
法律原文金额未确认Income-tax Act, 2025, ss.186, 451
Gold Advance Authorisations capped at 100 kg; physical inspection for first-time applicants; next AA only after 50% of prior export obligation; fortnightly CA-certified reporting.
100 kg per AA
二手资料金额未确认Passengers carrying dutiable or prohibited goods must declare their accompanied baggage electronically in Customs Baggage Declaration CBD-I, with supporting documents, before entering the green channel; gold or silver other than ornaments is outside the free allowances.
法律原文Customs Baggage (Declaration and Processing) Regulations 2026; Baggage Rules 2026, reg. 3(1); r.5 and Annexure-I item 5
Trade credit (supplier's or buyer's credit incl. LC usance) for gold in any form max 90 days from shipment (C.11.2); QJs and TRQ holders may remit advances for IIBX purchases for eleven days, unused advance returned to the same AD bank within eleven days, Bill of Entry submitted to the remitting ban…
官方指引RBI Master Direction - Import of Goods and Services, paras C.7, C.11.1-C.11.4
Gold of heading 7108 is "Restricted": imported only by nominated banks and nominated agencies (consignment basis), and by IFSCA-notified Qualified Jewellers and valid India-UAE CEPA TRQ holders through IIBX under specific ITC(HS) codes (71081210, 71081290); all domestic sale of gold is against upfro…
官方指引ITC(HS) Schedule I policy conditions (DGFT notifications 49/2015-2020, 35/2023, 08/2025-26); RBI Master Direction C.11.1(ii); 45/2025-Customs condition 22, RBI MD para C.11.1(ii)
Gold jewellery and artefacts may be sold only by BIS-registered jewellers and must bear a hallmark to IS 1417 (cl. 2); the Order applies only to the districts in its Annexure (cl. 1A) - 385 districts in 26 States/UTs since S.O. 2117(E) of 28 Apr 2026. Exempt (cl. 2(3)): articles for export to buyer …
法律原文Hallmarking Order 2020 as amended (S.O. 2481(E) 2021; S.O. 1594(E) 2022; S.O. 2117(E) 2026), cls. 1A, 2
IIBX accepts only bars from LBMA Good Delivery or UAE Good Delivery refiners (spot: LBMA 995 1 kg, UAEGD 999 100 g).
官方指引Gold, silver and platinum jewellery (CTH 7113) moved from Free to Restricted from 1 Apr 2026, and articles, clad items and non-legal-tender coins from 2 Apr 2026; no transitional relief; exemptions for EOU/SEZ (no DTA sale), FTP export schemes and CEPA TRQ lines.
二手资料Dealers in precious metals and stones that engage in cash transactions with a customer of Rs 10 lakh or more (single or apparently linked) are persons carrying on a designated business or profession and so reporting entities; CBIC (DGA) is their regulator. They must register with FIU-IND (FINGate 2.…
Rs 10 lakh cash
法律原文金额未确认PMLA s.2(1)(sa)(iv), ss.11A, 12, 12AA; PMLR rr.3, 8, 9; G.S.R. 799(E) and 800(E) of 28 Dec 2020; DGA guidelines 2023, PMLA ss.2(1)(sa)(iv), 12, 12AA; PMLR r.8
CEPA preference on gold requires UAE origin: the product-specific rule for 710812 is "Certified UAE/ India good delivery gold bars in different denomination"; goods must be transported directly (art. 3.12) and origin proved under the Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements)…
法律原文CEPA Annex 3B (PSR 710812), arts 3.12-3.14; Notification 22/2022-Customs proviso to para 1
第 4 段:秘鲁
回到原产国:出口收益
- 40
Receive payment by bank transfer after the buyer's receipt/outturn assay; issue final invoice or debit/credit adjustment; no FX surrender or repatriation rule was found
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
- 出具
- Receipt of export proceeds; Final invoice after the buyer's outturn assay
二手资料[inferred] No surrender or repatriation rule in any text read; TUO LGM art 72(i) guarantees free disposal of foreign currency (pe.ctl-fx). BCRP rules not consulted.
- 41
Claim the exporter's IGV credit balance (saldo a favor del exportador) on inputs; drawback where imported inputs were used
- 执行方
- Gold exporter (direct miner-exporter or export trading company)
法律原文TUO Ley del IGV (DS 055-99-EF), arts 33-35
国家之间的衔接
秘鲁 → 俄罗斯 未研究
随货跨境的文件: Laboratory certificate of grade and weight (signed by the responsible engineer); Waybill from plant/exporter to the airport cargo terminal; Sworn declaration of transport through a security and valuables company; Bar/lot number marked on the doré; Declaration of real location of the operation (Ley 32537 2nd DCF, Ventanilla Única); Operations register for controlled chemical inputs; Commercial invoice; Packing list; Sworn declaration of lawful origin of the mineral (declaración jurada de origen); Declaración Aduanera de Mercancías (DAM) - definitive export, regularised; Air waybill; Proof of origin for preference: US-Peru TPA certification by the importer, exporter or producer (no prescribed format); EUR.1 via VUCE for the EU (per Swiss guide)
俄罗斯 → 印度 已研究
随货跨境的文件: FPP application for import control; Act of state control on import; EAEU goods declaration for import / customs processing; Minfin conclusion (permissive document) approving an export-licence application (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026); EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK; Calculation of the value of precious metals in the consignment; Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber; Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs); Certificate of origin (general form) for non-EAEU destinations; Packing list; Air waybill