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Kazakh refined gold (in practice National Bank of Kazakhstan reserve gold, re-melted to London Good Delivery) moving to London. The 2024 UK-Kazakhstan Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement has no gold effect found; UK treatment is ordinary. Kazakhstan's export licence and act of state control for non-EAEU destinations are country-wide (kz module). The UK processed-gold ban is relevant because Kazakhstan borders Russia and Swiss authorities reportedly cannot rule out Russian gold remelted there. The UK recorded 65 t from Kazakhstan in 2024 while Kazakhstan reported no gold exports to the UK, and much of this gold moved on to Switzerland.
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UK records 65 t from Kazakhstan (2024) while Kazakhstan reports no exports to the UK; central-bank reserve gold appears to be left out of Kazakhstan's reported merchandise trade.
数据: UK 64.9 t vs KZ 0 t (2024)
未经核实研究备注: Inference by the pair researcher from the mirror figures; not stated by either statistics office.
Swiss officials reportedly said they cannot rule out Russian gold remelted in Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan being imported; experts cite sanctions-evasion risk.
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