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Nelum
Gold

Russia

Checked 2026-09-29 · Version r2 · Replaces version r1 · Reviewed

Public law and official guidance, published as research. Not legal, tax or financial advice.

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Industrial mining originRefining hubCentral-bank buyer

Large industrial producer under Western sanctions. Miners hold electronic subsoil licences (Law on Subsoil art. 11) and must send mined metal (except nuggets) to a refiner on the Government list (41-FZ art. 20(1); Decree 972). Refined metal must first be offered to the State Fund institution under Minfin and the mining region's fund (41-FZ art. 2(5)); only metal not bought in that priority order may be sold, pledged or exported (art. 20(5)). Every participant is on the FPP special register and records operations in GIIS DMDK. Export to non-EAEU states of refined gold needs a Minpromtorg licence (one-off, or general under Decree 1126 of 2023 for miners and refiners, Decree 867 for banks) approved by Minfin (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026; not for banks' bar exports since Decree 304 of May 2026) and an FPP act of state control at a specialised customs post (Presidential Decree 1137; EEC Board Decision 30 Annex 14). From 1 May 2026 Presidential Decree 193 bans export of refined gold bars over 100 g except (a) to EAEU states through four airports with an FPP conclusion, (b) by individuals to non-EAEU states through those airports with a conclusion, (c) by companies and entrepreneurs to non-EAEU states (ordinary licence regime); banks are outside it. NDPI on gold is 6% of the value of the extracted semi-product (Tax Code art. 342(2)(5)) plus, from 2025, 10% of the excess of the world gold price over USD 61,000 per kg (art. 343(21)); the 2024 surcharge was RUB 78,000 per kg. The exchange-rate-linked export duty (0-7%) applied to gold from 1 Oct 2023 until Decree 532 excluded HS 7108 in April 2024 and lapsed for all goods on 31 Dec 2024. Sales of precious metals of RUB 1m+ are subject to mandatory AML control (115-FZ art. 6). The six LBMA-listed refiners have been suspended since 7 Mar 2022; the EU, UK, US, Switzerland and Japan restrict imports of Russian gold, and exports go to Asia and the Middle East.

How sure this page is

  • Primary law 108
  • Official guidance 3
  • Standard 2
  • Secondary 5
  • Industry practice 1
  • Unverified 2
  • No confidence level recorded 8
  • Researcher's note 47
  • Not recorded 70
  • Text 37
  • OCR 23
  • Not stated 10

Regulators

  • Bank of Russia (CBR)

    Licenses banking operations with precious metals (41-FZ art. 17(3)); holds the part of the gold reserve on its accounts (art. 8(2)); controls credit organisations' bar exports through their reporting (Decree 1137 para 13); currency control through authorised banks

    No confidence level recordedNot recorded

  • Federal Customs Service (FTS)

    Customs declaration and release; placement of section 2.10 goods under customs procedures only at specialised customs posts, where FPP import control takes place (Decree 1137 para 19¹, 21; EAEU Regulation para 4)

    No confidence level recordedNot recorded

  • Federal Assay Chamber (Federalnaya probirnaya palata, FPP), under the Ministry of Finance

    Federal assay supervision (41-FZ art. 26¹; Decree 1015); special register of dealers (art. 13¹; Decree 1052); GIIS DMDK; state control of import from and export to non-EAEU states of precious metals (art. 26²; Decree 1137 para 19(b)), act of state control; from 1 May 2026 conclusions for export of refined gold bars over 100 g (Decree 193; Decree 450); AML/CFT supervisor of precious-metals dealers (art. 13(3))

    Website
    https://probpalata.gov.ru/
    No confidence level recordedNot recordedOCR

  • Federal Tax Service (FNS)

    Collects mineral extraction tax (NDPI) and VAT

    No confidence level recordedNot recordedOCR

  • Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation

    Policy on precious metals; State Fund (Gokhran) institution; approval (soglasovanie) of export-licence applications for goods in tables 1 and 2 of section 2.10 (Decree 1137 para 22; Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026), except credit organisations' applications for refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium bars (Decree 304 of 08.05.2026); conclusions on (in)expediency of domestic extraction from raw materials (para 23(b)); inclusion of refiners in the list (Decree 1951)

    No confidence level recordedNot recordedOCR

  • Ministry of Industry and Trade (Minpromtorg)

    Issues export licences (one-off and general) for goods in tables 1 and 2 of section 2.10 of the EAEU Single List, incl. refined gold (Decree 1137 para 4; Decrees 1126 and 867 on general licences)

    No confidence level recordedNot recordedOCR

  • Federal Financial Monitoring Service (Rosfinmonitoring)

    FIU; receives mandatory-control and suspicious-transaction reports under Law 115-FZ (arts. 6, 7); precious-metals dealers are not registered with it (FPP Q&A)

    No confidence level recordedNot recorded

  • Federal Agency for Subsoil Use (Rosnedra)

    Federal body managing the state subsoil fund: licensing of subsoil plots with precious metals jointly with regional authorities (41-FZ art. 17(2)); licence in electronic form (Law on Subsoil art. 11)

    No confidence level recordedNot recorded

Laws

  • Federal Law No 115-FZ of 07.08.2001 on countering legalisation (laundering) of criminal proceeds and financing of terrorism

    Art. 5: organisations buying and selling precious metals are obliged entities; art. 6(1)(4): purchase and sale of precious metals of RUB 1,000,000 or more is subject to mandatory control; art. 7(1)(1): identification before accepting a client; art. 7(1.4-2): no identification for jewellery purchases up to RUB 60,000 (RUB 400,000 with a personalised e-payment means); FPP supervises (41-FZ art. 13(3))

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Federal Law No 176-FZ of 12.07.2024 (tax reform; restated Tax Code art. 343(21): gold surcharge from 2025)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: Art. 343(21) read in the official consolidated Tax Code and in 176-FZ art. 1 item 71 (page image checked).

  • Federal Law No 19-FZ of 28.02.2025 (Tax Code arts. 340(5) and 342(2)(5)-(6): valuation and rate for concentrates and semi-products containing precious metals)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Federal Law No 41-FZ of 26.03.1998 'On precious metals and precious stones'

    Refining requirement (art. 20(1)); priority offer to the State Fund institution and the regional fund (art. 2(5)); unique nuggets (art. 20(4)); export of metal not sold in priority order under EAEU law with the President's special features (arts. 10(2), 20(5)); GIIS DMDK (art. 12²); special register (art. 13¹); state control of import/export (art. 26²); transport under armed escort (art. 29(3)). Art. 21 is on payment at world-market prices, not export.

    Citation
    41-FZ; official consolidated text incl. amendments up to 10.06.2026 No 171-FZ
    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Federal Law No 96-FZ of 22.04.2024 (added Tax Code art. 343(21): NDPI surcharge of RUB 78,000 per kg of gold for tax periods June-December 2024)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Switzerland: Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d (gold of Russian origin)

    Kind
    Other
    In force from
    2022-08-03
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Government Decree No 1015 of 25.06.2021 on federal state assay supervision

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2021-07-01
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Government Decree No 1126 of 08.07.2023 on general licences for export of refined gold, silver, platinum and PGM (mining subjects and listed refiners)

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2023-07-08
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: inForceFrom is the day of official publication stated in para 6 as the entry-into-force rule; publication date from the publication.pravo.gov.ru record (08.07.2023).

  • Government Decree No 1853 of 18.10.2022 on general licences for export of dore by systemically important mining companies (25.10.2022-25.10.2023, up to 25,000 kg per licence)

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2022-10-25
    Repealed on
    2023-10-25
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: repealedOn marks the end of the licensing window, not a repeal act.

  • Government Decree No 270 of 26.02.2021 'On some issues of control over circulation of precious metals, precious stones and articles made of them' (GIIS DMDK)

    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Researcher's note: [not-read] The GIIS DMDK Rules annexed to the decree were not read in full.

  • Government Decree No 450 of 23.04.2026 on FPP conclusions (permissive documents) for export of refined gold bars over 100 g

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2026-05-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Read by OCR; time limits checked against the page images.

  • Government Decree No 485 of 26.03.2022 (general licences for export of refined gold and silver in granules, platinum and PGM; 01.04.2022-31.03.2023)

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2022-04-01
    Repealed on
    2023-03-31
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: repealedOn marks the end of the licensing window stated in the decree (1 Apr 2022 - 31 Mar 2023), not a repeal act.

  • Government Decree No 539 of 17.04.2020 on general licences for export of refined gold and silver in bars

    Kind
    Decree
    Repealed on
    2023-07-08
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Government Decree No 604 of 15.05.2024 (requirements for investment precious metals; rules for their circulation), 01.09.2024-01.09.2030

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2024-09-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Government Decree No 867 of 12.12.2007 on general licences for credit organisations to export refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium in bars

    Citation
    Consolidated to Decree of 25.03.2026 No 316
    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Government Decree No 972 of 17.08.1998 (list of organisations entitled to refine precious metals and their operating procedure)

    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • EEC Board Decision No 30 of 21.04.2015 'On non-tariff regulation measures' (section 2.10 of the Single List; Annex 14 regulation on import/export of precious metals)

    Kind
    Treaty
    In force from
    2015-05-22
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Researcher's note: [transcription] Current wording read in the ConsultantPlus consolidation published by the FPP (to 07.04.2026 No 45); the EAEU portal publishes only the original and each amending decision, not a consolidation. Insertion of the precious-metals regime by Decision 131 of 06.10.2015 checked in the portal copy. Entry into force of the original 22 May 2015 from the footnote in Minfin Order 10n.

  • Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 as amended by Regulation (EU) 2022/1269 (Article 3o gold ban)

    Kind
    Regulation
    In force from
    2022-07-22
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Japan: MOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 Jul 2022 (import of precious metals originating in Russia shipped from 1 Aug 2022 requires a permit under FEFTA art. 19(2))

    Kind
    Other
    In force from
    2022-08-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Minfin Order No 11n of 08.02.2023 (procedure for valuing precious metals and stones in goods exported to non-EAEU states during FPP state control)

    Declared value of refined metals must not differ by more than 5% from world-market prices (Procedure paras 3-4)

    Kind
    Regulation
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Presidential Decree No 1137 of 20.09.2010 approving the Regulation on import into the RF from non-EAEU states and export from the RF to those states of precious metals, precious stones and raw materials containing precious metals

    Export licences by Minpromtorg (para 4); miners may export if they have met their State Fund delivery obligations (para 12); CBR controls banks' bar exports (para 13); FPP state control (para 19(b)); specialised customs posts (para 19¹); valuation (19²); Minfin approval of licence applications (para 22); raw-material exports need a test protocol and a Minfin conclusion (para 23)

    Citation
    Consolidated to Decree of 08.05.2026 No 304
    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Presidential Decree No 193 of 25.03.2026 on the special procedure for export of cash roubles and refined gold in bars

    Para 2: from 1 May 2026 ban on export of refined gold bars over 100 g by individuals, legal entities and entrepreneurs, with the exceptions (a) EAEU destinations via four airports with an FPP conclusion, (b) individuals to non-EAEU states via those airports with a conclusion, (c) legal entities and entrepreneurs to non-EAEU states; para 4: credit organisations excluded

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2026-03-25
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Read by OCR; the figures of para 2 checked against the page images.

  • US E.O. 14068 and the OFAC Determination under its section 1(a)(i)(A) (gold of Russian Federation origin; effective 28 Jun 2022, amended version of 22 Dec 2023)

    Kind
    Other
    In force from
    2022-06-28
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Federal Law No 173-FZ of 10.12.2003 on currency regulation and currency control (art. 19 repatriation)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Government Decree No 1052 of 01.10.2015 (Rules for special registration)

    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Government Decree No 1538 of 21.09.2023 on exchange-rate-linked export duty rates (1 Oct 2023 - 31 Dec 2024)

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2023-10-01
    Repealed on
    2024-12-31
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: repealedOn is the end of validity stated in para 12 (as restated by Decrees 231/2024 and 1656/2024).

  • Government Decree No 1951 of 28.11.2025 (criteria and rules for inclusion of organisations in the refiners list), in force 01.03.2026-01.03.2032

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2026-03-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Read by OCR; dates and the capacity criterion (at least 50 t over 3 years incl. at least 9 t gold) not checked against the page images.

  • Government Decree No 532 of 25.04.2024 amending Decree 1538 (HS 7108 excluded from the duty)

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2024-04-26
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] 26.04.2024 is the publication date on publication.pravo.gov.ru; the decree enters into force on official publication (para 2).

  • Government Decree No 558 of 16.05.2026 on a temporary ban on export of precious-metal waste and scrap (1 Jun - 30 Nov 2026)

    Kind
    Decree
    In force from
    2026-06-01
    Repealed on
    2026-11-30
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: [time-limited] The ban ends on 30 Nov 2026 unless extended.

  • EEC Council Decision No 125 of 24.11.2023: Rules for issuing export/import licences and permits for goods in the Single List (one-off licence up to 1 year; general licence up to 1 year; 15 working days)

    Kind
    Treaty
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: [inferred] Para 2: in force 60 calendar days after the Protocol of 25.05.2023 amending the EAEU Treaty enters into force. Russia ratified that Protocol by Federal Law 552-FZ of 27.11.2023 (OCR), and the Protocol is absent from the EEC list of treaties not yet in force as at 17 Sep 2026, so it is taken to be in force; its exact date, and so the date Decision 125 took effect, was not found. EEC Board Decision 30 Annex 14 para 5 already refers to the Decision 125 licence Instruction (wording of Board Decision 165 of 14.11.2023).

  • FPP Order No 144n of 26.06.2026 (form of certificate for measured and standard bars), in force 01.03.2027

    Kind
    Regulation
    In force from
    2027-03-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • FPP Order No 154n of 05.08.2021 (forms of passport for standard bar and certificate for measured bar)

    Kind
    Regulation
    Repealed on
    2027-03-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Minfin Order No 10n of 16.02.2026 (approval of applications for precious-metal export licences; conclusions on inexpediency of domestic extraction), applies 01.09.2026-01.09.2032

    Kind
    Regulation
    In force from
    2026-09-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Minfin Order No 50n of 29.03.2019 (approval of precious-metal export licence applications)

    Kind
    Regulation
    Repealed on
    2026-09-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Researcher's note: Repeal read in Minfin Order 10n para 2; Order 50n itself not held.

  • Law of the RF No 2395-1 of 21.02.1992 'On Subsoil'

    Subsoil-use licence (art. 11), electronic form

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Tax Code of the RF, Part Two, Chapter 21 (VAT): art. 149(2)(11), (3)(9); art. 164(1)(1), (6), (6²), (6³)

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Tax Code of the RF, Part Two, Chapter 26 (Mineral extraction tax, NDPI): arts. 337, 340, 342, 342⁸, 343(21), 344, 345

    Kind
    Act
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

  • Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/855), Chapter 4J (regs 46Z10-46Z16, inserted by SI 2022/850) and Chapter 4JA (regs 46Z16A-46Z16I, inserted by SI 2022/1110)

    Kind
    Regulation
    In force from
    2022-07-21
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Presidential Decree No 430 of 05.07.2022 on repatriation

    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • Presidential Decree No 79 of 28.02.2022 (mandatory sale of foreign-currency export proceeds in the amount set by the Government Commission, para 2)

    Kind
    Decree
    Primary lawNot recorded

  • US E.O. 14024 (Russia harmful foreign activities) and E.O. 14114 (foreign financial institutions)

    Kind
    Other
    Primary lawNot recorded

Laws concerning gold in Russia

From the law library: the laws tagged with this commodity, with their sources. They are not research findings; the sections above are.

Акт государственного контроля (форма) - Annex 1 to the EAEU Regulation on precious metals (Annex 14 to EEC Board Decision No 30), FPP template

form · Form in Annex 1 to Annex 14 of EEC Board Decision No 30 · Federal Assay Chamber (Федеральная пробирная палата)

Порядок вывоза из РФ аффинированного золота в слитках общим весом более 100 грамм (FPP: procedure for export of refined gold bars over 100 g)

Guidance · none (web page) · Federal Assay Chamber (Федеральная пробирная палата)

Федеральный закон от 26.03.1998 № 41-ФЗ «О драгоценных металлах и драгоценных камнях» (Federal Law No 41-FZ on precious metals and precious stones)

Act · No 41-FZ; first published Sobranie zakonodatelstva RF 1998 No 13 art. 1463 (cited in FPP Order 91n and Decree 972) · Federal Assembly; signed by the President of the RF (B. Yeltsin), Moscow, Kremlin

Федеральный закон от 22.04.2024 № 96-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в часть вторую Налогового кодекса Российской Федерации и статью 3 Федерального закона "О внесении изменений в часть вторую Налогового кодекса Российской Федерации и статью 1 Федерального закона "О внесении изменений в часть вторую Налогового кодекса Российской Федерации"» (added Tax Code art. 343(21): 2024 NDPI surcharge on gold)

Act · No 96-FZ · Federal Assembly; President of the RF (V. Putin)

OFAC Determination Pursuant to Section 1(a)(i)(A) of Executive Order 14068 - Prohibitions Related to Imports of Gold of Russian Federation Origin (as Amended)

Order · none · US Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control (Director Bradley T. Smith)

OFAC FAQ 1029 - How do the prohibitions of Executive Order (E.O.) 14024 and other Russia-related sanctions impact gold-related transactions or persons participating in the gold market?

Order · FAQ 1029 · US Treasury, OFAC

Regional Law No. 269-OZ “On regional geological supervision”

Act · Made 2003-12-08 · Amur

Procedures

Sell refined bars to an authorised bank

Applies when: producer sells in the domestic market

Channel: Commercial bank

  1. Due diligence

    Carry out CDD on the producer (identification, beneficial owner) under 115-FZ

    Who
    Credit organisation licensed for operations with precious metals
    With
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Needs
    Bank of Russia licence incl. operations with precious metals
    Issues
    CDD file on the counterparty (identification, beneficial owner)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 115-FZ, art. 7(1)(1)

    Researcher's note: Banks apply the same law under Bank of Russia supervision.

  2. Pricing

    Sell the bars to the bank (metal not bought by the State Fund may be sold, pledged or exported)

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    With
    Credit organisation licensed for operations with precious metals
    Needs
    Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027); CDD file on the counterparty (identification, beneficial owner)
    Issues
    Sale contract producer-bank for refined bars
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 20(5)

  3. Payment

    Pay the producer and take the bars into the bank vault / metal account

    Who
    Credit organisation licensed for operations with precious metals
    Needs
    Sale contract producer-bank for refined bars; ESD for shipment of refined bars to the owner or buyer
    Issues
    Payment by the bank for bars; Credit of bars to the bank's vault / metal account entry
    Industry practiceNot recorded

    Researcher's note: Settlement practice described only in general press terms.

  4. Reporting

    Report the sale to Rosfinmonitoring as an operation subject to mandatory control where it is RUB 1,000,000 or more

    Who
    Credit organisation licensed for operations with precious metals
    Issues
    Report (FES 1-FM) to Rosfinmonitoring of an operation subject to mandatory control (precious-metal sale of RUB 1,000,000 or more)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 115-FZ, art. 6(1)(4) sixth paragraph

Bank of Russia purchase of gold from banks

Applies when: central bank adds domestic gold to reserves

Channel: Bank of Russia

  1. Custody

    Buy refined gold from banks on the domestic market for the international reserves

    Who
    Bank of Russia
    With
    Credit organisation licensed for operations with precious metals
    Needs
    Credit of bars to the bank's vault / metal account entry
    Issues
    Sale contract bank-Bank of Russia
    SecondaryNot recorded

    Researcher's note: Interfax (2020) reports the CBR suspended domestic purchases in April 2020; whether and how it buys in 2026 was not confirmed. Monetary gold in reserves was USD 333.5 bn on 1 Sep 2026 (valuation, not volume).

Export refined gold under a Minpromtorg licence and FPP state control

Applies when: country is the origin exporting refined bars

Channel: Licensed export (miner, refiner or bank)

  1. Due diligence

    Screen buyer and destination: Russian-origin gold exported after the sanctions dates cannot be imported into the EU, UK, US, Switzerland or Japan, and Russian bars made from 7 Mar 2022 are not LBMA Good Delivery; sales go to non-sanctioning markets

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR
  2. Pricing

    Sign the export contract and issue the commercial invoice

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Issues
    Export contract with foreign buyer
    Primary lawNot recorded
  3. Licensing

    Apply to Minpromtorg for an export licence (one-off for a contract, or a general licence under Decree 1126 or 867); Minfin approves the application in GIIS DMDK within 10 working days (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026), except credit organisations' applications for refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium bars since 8 May 2026

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    With
    Minpromtorg (licensing)
    Needs
    Export contract with foreign buyer; Special-registration register entry (FPP)
    Issues
    EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general)
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Presidential Decree 1137, Regulation paras 4 and 22; Minfin Order 10n, paras 4, 22

    Researcher's note: Licence validity and issue time from EEC Council Decision 125 Rules paras 9 and 13: a one-off licence is valid up to 1 year from its start (may be limited to the contract term); a general licence up to 1 year; the licensing authority decides within 15 working days of receiving the documents unless the Commission decision introducing the measure sets another term. [unconfirmed] Decision 125's own in-force date depends on the Protocol of 25.05.2023 (see ru.law-eec-125).

  4. Customs

    File the application letter for FPP state control through GIIS DMDK with: the export licence copy (table-1 goods), the contract, the specification, the invoice, the calculation of the value of the precious metals (within 5% of world prices), special-registration record or bank licence, proof of lawful ownership, the precious-metal content document, technical documentation, the subsoil licence (mining subjects) and the document on the State Fund's refusal to buy (mining and producing subjects)

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    With
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Needs
    EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Export contract with foreign buyer; Document on the authorised bodies' refusal (non-exercise) to purchase; Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027)
    Issues
    Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK; Calculation of the value of precious metals in the consignment
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 4(b); Minfin Order 11n (valuation), Rules para 4(b)

    Researcher's note: [transcription] EEC Board Decision 30 read in the ConsultantPlus copy published by the FPP; the FPP list reproduces the same paragraph.

  5. Inspection

    State control of the whole consignment within 5 working days: check against documents, origin, compliance with transaction rules, valuation, optional sampling; issue the act of state control (3 copies; the first for customs) or a refusal

    Who
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Needs
    Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK
    Issues
    Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) paras 3, 8, 10; 41-FZ art. 26², Rules para 10

  6. Customs

    Lodge the export declaration at a specialised customs post, presenting the export licence and the act of state control

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    With
    Federal Customs Service
    Needs
    EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber
    Issues
    Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs); Certificate of origin (general form) for non-EAEU destinations
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 paras 4-5; Presidential Decree 1137 para 19¹, Regulation paras 4-5

    Researcher's note: [not-read] The customs rules on the declaration itself were not read.

  7. Transport

    Carry the sealed consignment to the airport and hand to the airline (valuable cargo)

    Who
    Secure carrier of valuables
    Needs
    Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs)
    Unverified

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)

    Researcher's note: The armed-escort rule (41-FZ art. 29(3)) covers transport to the airport; no rule on the hand-over to the airline was read.

    No source recorded

Export of refined gold bars over 100 g outside the bank channel (from 1 May 2026)

Applies when: individuals, companies or entrepreneurs (not credit organisations) take refined bars over 100 g out of Russia

Channel: FPP conclusion under Presidential Decree 193

  1. Licensing

    Apply to the FPP for a conclusion (permissive document): individuals by post or in person, companies and entrepreneurs through GIIS DMDK; free-form application with applicant data, per-bar data (UIN, number, ligature mass, date, refiner), country of destination and inventory; attach copies of bar certificates or passports, proof of lawful acquisition, ID (individuals) and any power of attorney

    Who
    Private individual holding investment bars
    With
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Needs
    Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027); Documents proving lawful acquisition of the bars (purchase contract, bank receipt)
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 450 (Rules paras 2-5); Presidential Decree 193, Rules paras 2-5

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Read by OCR; time limits checked against the page images.

  2. Inspection

    FPP reviews within 4 working days (extendable by up to 5 working days when it asks refiners, banks or Goznak about the bars), and issues the conclusion (valid up to 6 months) or a refusal (application non-compliant; authenticity and lawful origin not established; lawful acquisition not confirmed)

    Who
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Issues
    FPP conclusion (permissive document) for export of refined gold bars over 100 g
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 450, Rules paras 7, 9, 10, 13, paras 7, 10, 13

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Checked against the page images.

  3. Customs

    Leave through one of the airports Moscow (Vnukovo), Moscow (Domodedovo), Moscow (Sheremetyevo) or Vladivostok (Knevichi) with the conclusion

    Who
    Private individual holding investment bars
    Needs
    FPP conclusion (permissive document) for export of refined gold bars over 100 g
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Presidential Decree 193, para 2(a), (b)

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Checked against the page images. r1 reported a conflict between two press reports on the EAEU rule; the decree text settles it (EAEU exports need the airport and the conclusion).

Export gold-bearing concentrate or other raw material

Applies when: exceptional export of unrefined gold-bearing material

Channel: Raw-material export with Minfin inexpediency conclusion

  1. Licensing

    Obtain the Minfin conclusion on the (in)expediency of industrial extraction in Russia: file through GIIS DMDK the sampling act, an accredited-laboratory test protocol on precious and associated metals, and a justification with the value of recoverable metals and processing and transport costs; Minfin decides within 10 working days

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    With
    Ministry of Finance
    Issues
    Test protocol on precious-metal content
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Minfin Order 10n, Annex 2; Presidential Decree 1137 para 23, Annex 2 paras 3, 5

  2. Inspection

    Obtain the export licence and FPP control (for ores and concentrates HS 2616 the FPP checks documents only, not the goods)

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Needs
    Test protocol on precious-metal content
    Issues
    EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 10; Presidential Decree 1137 para 23(a), Rules para 10

  3. Tax

    Clear customs; between 1 Oct 2023 and 31 Dec 2024 the exchange-rate-linked export duty (0-7%) applied to precious-metal ores and concentrates (HS 2616)

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Needs
    Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber; EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general)
    Issues
    Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs)
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 1538, para 1 and para 12, para 1

    Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] No duty on HS 2616 after 31 Dec 2024 was found.

Receive export proceeds

Applies when: after export

  1. Payment

    Receive payment through an authorised bank; the statutory repatriation duty (173-FZ art. 19(1)(1)) applies to rouble-priced contracts but not, under art. 19(8), to FX-priced gold contracts; foreign currency credited under the contract is subject to mandatory sale in the share set by the Government Commission (Decree 79 para 2)

    Who
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Needs
    Export contract with foreign buyer
    Issues
    Receipt of export proceeds
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 173-FZ art. 19; Presidential Decrees 79 and 430, art. 19

    Researcher's note: [inferred] Exemption of FX-priced gold contracts read from the absence of 7108 in the art. 19(8) list. [unconfirmed] The current mandatory-sale share is not in a legal act found. Western bank channels are largely closed by sanctions (OFAC FAQ 1029).

Offer refined gold to the State Fund (priority right)

Applies when: country is the origin; before refined metal is sold elsewhere

Channel: State Fund (Gokhran) priority purchase

  1. Reporting

    Send purchase proposals for refined metal (planned volumes) to the State Fund institution and to the mining region's authority; for the next year by 31 December, supplementary proposal within 10 business days if volumes exceed plan

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    With
    State institution under Minfin replenishing the State Fund (Gokhran)
    Issues
    Purchase proposal to the State Fund institution (and regional authorities) under 41-FZ art. 2(5)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 2(5)

  2. Pricing

    Notify the intent to buy in writing within 10 working days and sign the purchase contract within 20 working days of the proposal, or send a refusal within 10 working days

    Who
    State institution under Minfin replenishing the State Fund (Gokhran)
    Needs
    Purchase proposal to the State Fund institution (and regional authorities) under 41-FZ art. 2(5)
    Issues
    Purchase contract with the State Fund institution; Document on the authorised bodies' refusal (non-exercise) to purchase
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 2(5)

  3. Payment

    Pay for and take delivery of the bars into the State Fund

    Who
    State institution under Minfin replenishing the State Fund (Gokhran)
    Needs
    Purchase contract with the State Fund institution; Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Researcher's note: [not-read] Delivery and payment mechanics (Regulation on the State Fund) not read; 41-FZ art. 21(1) requires payment with regard to world-market prices.

Import gold-bearing material for refining in Russia

Applies when: country is the refining hub receiving foreign dore or raw material

  1. Customs

    File the FPP import-control application in GIIS DMDK with the foreign-trade contract, specification, document on precious-metal content and special-registration record

    Who
    Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
    With
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Needs
    Special-registration register entry (FPP)
    Issues
    FPP application for import control
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 4(a), Rules para 4(a)

  2. Inspection

    State control at a specialised customs post (all goods except ores and concentrates), within 5 working days; act of state control

    Who
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Needs
    FPP application for import control
    Issues
    Act of state control on import
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Presidential Decree 1137 para 19¹; EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 para 10, para 19¹

  3. Customs

    Declare the goods at a specialised customs post for release or processing, presenting the act of state control, and take delivery to the refinery

    Who
    Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
    Needs
    Act of state control on import
    Issues
    EAEU goods declaration for import / customs processing
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 paras 4, 8, Regulation para 8

    Researcher's note: [not-read] Import duty and import VAT treatment of gold-bearing material not read.

Mine, process and deliver dore/placer gold to a listed refiner

Applies when: country is the origin

  1. Extraction

    Extract gold ore or placer sands within the licensed plot

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Needs
    Special-registration register entry (FPP)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 'On Subsoil', art. 11

  2. Processing

    Process on site (gravity, leaching, smelting) into dore bars or placer (shlikh) gold; the metal must then go to refining

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Issues
    Batch number / GIIS UIN of the dore lot
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 20(1)

    Researcher's note: Processing technology is industry practice; the law only requires "necessary processing" before refining.

  3. Processing

    Sign a refining agreement with a listed refiner; it must set the delivery schedule and volumes, limits of harmful substances, the inventory of each lot, commission acceptance with control sampling, timing and specifications of the output, return-waste norms, the recipients of refined metal, the owner's delivery obligations to the State Fund or regional funds, liability and dispute settlement

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    With
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Issues
    Refining (tolling) agreement miner-refiner
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Government Decree 972, Procedure para 3, para 3

  4. Reporting

    Record the lot in GIIS DMDK and issue an electronic accompanying document (ESD) with the lot's UIN for dispatch to the refiner

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Needs
    Batch number / GIIS UIN of the dore lot; Refining (tolling) agreement miner-refiner
    Issues
    ESD for dispatch of dore/placer gold to the refiner
    Official guidanceNot recorded

    Legal basis: Government Decree 270 of 26.02.2021

    Researcher's note: [not-read] The GIIS DMDK Rules (Decree 270) were not read in full; the ESD fields for dore were not seen.

  5. Transport

    Transport dore to the refinery by air, sea, inland water, rail or a specialised equipped road vehicle under armed escort

    Who
    Secure carrier of valuables
    Needs
    ESD for dispatch of dore/placer gold to the refiner
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)

Tax, traceability and AML reporting

Applies when: all participants

  1. Tax

    File the monthly NDPI declaration by the 25th and pay the NDPI by the 28th of the following month, including the gold surcharge (art. 343(21))

    Who
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Issues
    NDPI tax declaration
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Tax Code Part Two, arts. 343(21), 344, 345(2)

  2. Reporting

    Refiners report receipt and shipment of precious metals in any form to the FPP (FPP Order 91n forms), electronically or through GIIS DMDK, and file the annual metallurgical balance

    Who
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Issues
    Refiner reports to the FPP on receipt and shipment of precious metals (FPP Order 91n forms) and the annual metallurgical balance
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 972, Procedure para 7; FPP Order 91n, para 7

  3. Reporting

    Keep internal-control rules and a special officer; identify clients and beneficial owners; file SPOs and mandatory-control reports (sales >= RUB 1,000,000) with Rosfinmonitoring

    Who
    Organisation or entrepreneur dealing in precious metals (special-registered)
    Issues
    Suspicious transaction report (SPO) to Rosfinmonitoring; Report (FES 1-FM) to Rosfinmonitoring of an operation subject to mandatory control (precious-metal sale of RUB 1,000,000 or more)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 115-FZ, arts. 6, 7

Refine dore into standard bars

Applies when: domestic dore or imported raw material is refined in Russia

  1. Assay

    Receive the lot, weigh, sample and assay; record receipt in GIIS DMDK

    Who
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Needs
    ESD for dispatch of dore/placer gold to the refiner; Refining (tolling) agreement miner-refiner
    Issues
    Refiner receipt: weighing and sampling record; Refiner assay of the incoming lot (metallurgical balance)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Government Decree 972, Procedure paras 3, 7, paras 3, 7

  2. Refining

    Refine to standard bars (gold at least 995 fine; usually 999.9)

    Who
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 1 (definition of refining), art. 20(1), art. 1

    Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] 999.9 as the usual fineness is market practice; the legal minimum for refined gold is 995 parts per 1,000 (41-FZ art. 1).

  3. Refining

    Issue the quality document for each bar - a passport for a standard bar or a certificate for a measured bar (FPP Order 154n, to 28 Feb 2027); from 1 Mar 2027 a single certificate generated in GIIS DMDK (FPP Order 144n); prepare the bar list

    Who
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Issues
    Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027)
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 972, Procedure para 7¹; FPP Orders 154n and 144n, para 7¹

  4. Custody

    Deliver bars to the owner (or to the buyer on the owner's instruction) with a GIIS DMDK ESD; metal is booked on the owner's balance and enters civil circulation

    Who
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Needs
    Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027)
    Issues
    ESD for shipment of refined bars to the owner or buyer
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 20(3)

Licences and registrations

  • Subsoil-use licence (placer gold)

    Held by
    Prospectors' artel (placer gold cooperative)
    Issued by
    Rosnedra / regional authority
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 'On Subsoil' No 2395-1, art. 11

  • Special registration with the Federal Assay Chamber

    Held by
    Prospectors' artel (placer gold cooperative)
    Issued by
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹

  • Bank of Russia banking licence including the right to conduct operations with precious metals

    Licence (copy submitted to the FPP for export control)

    Held by
    Credit organisation licensed for operations with precious metals
    Issued by
    Bank of Russia
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 17(3), art. 17(3)

  • Special registration with the Federal Assay Chamber

    Held by
    Organisation or entrepreneur dealing in precious metals (special-registered)
    Issued by
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹

  • General export licence for refined gold (Minpromtorg)

    Held by
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Issued by
    Minpromtorg, on an application approved by Minfin
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 1126 of 08.07.2023 (mining subjects and listed refiners); Government Decree 867 of 12.12.2007 (credit organisations)

  • Subsoil-use licence (exploration and/or production of gold)

    Electronic licence with text and graphic annexes

    Held by
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Issued by
    Rosnedra (or regional authority for some plots)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 'On Subsoil' No 2395-1, art. 11

    Researcher's note: Art. 11 read in the official consolidated text; the licence terms in other articles were not read.

  • Special registration with the Federal Assay Chamber

    Entry in the special-registration register (applied for via GIIS DMDK or Gosuslugi, 5 working days)

    Held by
    Subsoil user (gold mining company)
    Issued by
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Valid for
    open-ended (registry entry)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹

  • LBMA Good Delivery listing

    Held by
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Issued by
    LBMA
    StandardNot recorded

  • Inclusion in the Government list of organisations entitled to refine precious metals

    Held by
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Issued by
    Government of the RF
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 4(4), art. 20(1); Government Decree 972; criteria and rules Decree 1951 of 28.11.2025, art. 20(1)

  • Special registration with the Federal Assay Chamber

    Held by
    Refining organisation on the Government list
    Issued by
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹

  • AML internal-control rules and appointed special officer

    Held by
    Organisation or entrepreneur dealing in precious metals (special-registered)
    Issued by
    Self (supervised by the FPP)
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 115-FZ, art. 7

  • Registration in GIIS DMDK with a qualified electronic signature (UKEP)

    GIIS DMDK personal account

    Held by
    Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
    Issued by
    Federal Assay Chamber (operator)
    Official guidanceNot recorded

    Legal basis: Government Decree 270 of 26.02.2021

  • Special registration (or licence for banks)

    Held by
    Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
    Issued by
    Federal Assay Chamber
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Government Decree 1052

Taxes and fees

  • Exchange-rate-linked export duty on gold

    Rate
    0% (average USD/RUB below 80), 4% (80-85), 4.5% (85-90), 5.5% (90-95), 7% (95 and above) of the customs value
    Base
    Customs value of goods in group 71 exported outside the EAEU
    Paid by
    Exporter
    Collected by
    Federal Customs Service
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 1538 of 21.09.2023, para 1; Decree 532 of 25.04.2024, para 1

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Rate bands and Decree 532 wording checked against the page images. The consolidated text reads "71 (кроме товаров, классифицируемых кодами 7104 10 000 0, 7104 99 000 3, 7108 ТН ВЭД ЕАЭС)". [unconfirmed] 26 Apr 2024 is the publication date on publication.pravo.gov.ru.

  • Export duty on gold-bearing concentrates

    Precious-metal ores and concentrates (HS 2616) exported outside the EAEU

    Rate
    Same exchange-rate-linked bands (0-7%) as Decree 1538 para 1 - group 26 (except 2609 00 000 0) is in the list, which covers precious-metal ores and concentrates (HS 2616)
    Paid by
    Exporter
    Collected by
    Federal Customs Service
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 1538 of 21.09.2023, para 1, para 1

    Researcher's note: [unconfirmed] No export duty on HS 2616 after 31 Dec 2024 was found; the publication.pravo.gov.ru name search for export-duty decrees (2025-2026) listed tariff-quota decrees only, which were not opened.

  • Mineral extraction tax (NDPI) on gold

    Gold-bearing semi-products at the end of the extraction operations (dore/ligature gold, placer and native gold, concentrates)

    Rate
    6.0% (art. 342(2)(5): "концентратов и других полупродуктов, содержащих в себе один или несколько драгоценных металлов"), times the rent coefficient KRENTA = 1 for these minerals (art. 342⁸(3)(2)) and the territory coefficient Ktd (art. 342(2²))
    Base
    Value of the extracted mineral (semi-products containing precious metals, incl. ligature gold, placer and native gold, concentrates - art. 337(2)(13)): grams of each chemically pure metal times its average world price for the month in RUB per gram, less the taxpayer's refining and delivery costs (art. 340(5)); tax period one calendar month (art. 341)
    Paid by
    Subsoil user
    Collected by
    Federal Tax Service
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Tax Code Part Two, ch. 26, arts. 337(2)(13), 340(5), 342(2)(5), 342⁸(3)(2)

    Researcher's note: Rate wording as restated by Federal Law 19-FZ of 28.02.2025 (in force 180 days after publication, not before the 1st day of the next tax period); gold was already at 6% under the earlier wording ("содержащих золото") according to 19-FZ's replaced text, which is not quoted in the law held. [not-read] The territory coefficient Ktd (art. 342³) was not read.

  • NDPI surcharge on gold (2024)

    Tax periods beginning 1 June - 31 December 2024; gold in semi-products under art. 337(2)(13) extracted on licensed plots

    Rate
    RUB 78,000 per kg of gold contained in the extracted semi-product (КДРМ = VДРМ x 78 000)
    Paid by
    Gold miners
    Collected by
    Federal Tax Service
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 96-FZ of 22.04.2024, art. 1(7), adding Tax Code art. 343(21), art. 343(21) (2024 wording)

  • NDPI surcharge on gold from 2025

    Rate
    КДРМ = 0.1 x (ЦЗ / 1000 - 61 000) x VДРМ x Р: 10% of the excess of the month's average world gold price in USD per kg (ЦЗ is USD per tonne, art. 342¹⁰(1)) over USD 61,000 per kg, times the kg of gold contained, times the month's average USD/RUB rate
    Paid by
    Gold miners
    Collected by
    Federal Tax Service
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Tax Code art. 343(21) as restated by Federal Law 176-FZ of 12.07.2024, art. 343(21)

    Researcher's note: [inferred] USD 61,000 per kg is about USD 1,897 per troy ounce (61,000 / 32.15075); the law states the threshold per kg only. Formula confirmed in 176-FZ art. 1 item 71 (page image checked).

  • VAT on precious metals

    Rate
    0% on sales of precious metals by mining or producing taxpayers to the State Fund, regional funds, the Bank of Russia and banks (art. 164(1)(6)); 0% on goods exported under the export customs procedure (art. 164(1)(1)); 0% on ores and concentrates sold by miners to listed refiners for refining (art. 164(1)(6³)); exempt: sales of precious metals to the State Fund, CBR and banks by others, bank and CBR sales of bars to banks, sales of refined bars (except silver) by banks, refiners and Goznak to individuals, and bank sales of bars kept in the vault (art. 149(3)(9)); exempt: legal-tender precious-metal coins (art. 149(2)(11))
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Tax Code Part Two, ch. 21, arts. 149(2)(11), 149(3)(9), 164(1)(1), (6), (6³)

Controls

  • From 1 May 2026 export from Russia of refined gold in bars with a total weight over 100 g by individuals, legal entities and entrepreneurs is prohibited, except (a) to EAEU member states through the international airports Moscow (Vnukovo), Moscow (Domodedovo), Moscow (Sheremetyevo) and Vladivostok (Knevichi) with an FPP conclusion (permissive document); (b) by individuals to non-EAEU states through the same airports with an FPP conclusion; (c) by legal entities and entrepreneurs to non-EAEU states (no conclusion under this decree; the licence and state-control regime applies). The decree does not apply to credit organisations. The conclusion is issued within 4 working days (extendable by up to 5) and is valid up to 6 months.

    Kind
    Export ban
    Threshold
    Total weight over 100 g
    Valid from
    2026-05-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Presidential Decree 193 of 25.03.2026; Government Decree 450 of 23.04.2026, para 2, para 4

    Researcher's note: [ocr] Decrees 193 and 450 read by OCR; the figures relied on were checked against the page images. Correction of r1: the ban does not require an FPP conclusion for companies exporting to non-EAEU states (para 2(в)).

  • Purchase and sale of precious metals (and jewellery and scrap) of RUB 1,000,000 or more is subject to mandatory control and reported to Rosfinmonitoring by the seller within 3 working days; individuals buying jewellery up to RUB 60,000 (RUB 400,000 with a personalised e-payment means) are not identified. The FPP supervises dealers' AML compliance (41-FZ art. 13(3)).

    Kind
    Anti-money laundering
    Threshold
    RUB 1,000,000
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Law 115-FZ, art. 6(1)(4) sixth paragraph; art. 7(1.4-2)

    Researcher's note: The 3-working-day deadline (art. 7(1)(4)) is quoted in the FPP Q&A and memo; that paragraph was not read in the law itself.

  • Only listed refiners, Goznak and credit organisations may sell refined (investment) bars to individuals, and retailers only bars received on commission or agency from them; buy-back dealers and pawnshops may pass bars bought from individuals only to refiners. Deals between individuals in precious metals are prohibited except for their own jewellery and investment metals with certificates or passports (41-FZ art. 22(6)).

    Kind
    Other
    Valid from
    2024-09-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 604 of 15.05.2024 (Rules paras 3-4, 8); 41-FZ art. 22(6), Rules para 4

  • No gold-specific cash-payment limit was found. The RUB 1,000,000 mandatory-control threshold applies whatever the means of payment.

    Kind
    Cash limit
    UnverifiedNot recorded

    Researcher's note: [blocked] The FPP Q&A has no cash limit for precious-metal trades. The general Bank of Russia limit on cash settlements between legal entities (Directive No 5348-U of 09.12.2019) is not held: the pravo.gov.ru IPS number search returned HTTP 204 (empty) for '5348-У' on 2026-09-29 and the cbr.ru legal-acts search is script-driven and returned only the latest acts. Needs a browser download from cbr.ru (laws/_work/ru-requests.md).

  • Export to non-EAEU states of goods in tables 1 and 2 of section 2.10 of the EAEU Single List (table 1 includes refined gold in bars, plates, powder and granules, unique and non-refinable nuggets, other unwrought gold incl. dore, scrap, ores and concentrates) requires a licence issued by Minpromtorg (Decree 1137 para 4). Minfin approves the application in GIIS DMDK within 10 working days (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026; before that Order 50n of 2019, under which the term was 15 working days after Order 192n of 2020), except credit organisations' applications for refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium bars since 8 May 2026 (para 22). Placing table-1 goods under the export procedure requires the licence and the FPP act of state control (EAEU Regulation para 5). General licences: mining subjects and listed refiners (Decree 1126 of 2023), credit organisations (Decree 867). Raw materials also need an accredited-laboratory test protocol and a Minfin conclusion on the (in)expediency of domestic extraction (para 23).

    Kind
    Other
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Presidential Decree 1137 (Regulation paras 4, 22, 23); EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 para 5; Minfin Order 10n, paras 4, 22, 23

    Researcher's note: [transcription] EEC Board Decision 30 read in the ConsultantPlus consolidated copy published by the FPP (the EAEU portal publishes no consolidation; the 2015 original and Decision 131 that inserted the precious-metals regime are held from the portal). Licence rules from EEC Council Decision 125 (held): one-off and general licences valid up to 1 year, 15 working days to issue; [unconfirmed] the date Decision 125 took effect (see ru.law-eec-125).

  • Residents must receive export proceeds on their accounts in authorised banks (173-FZ art. 19(1)(1)). Under art. 19(8) this does not apply to contracts priced or payable in foreign currency, except for goods listed there; the list includes HS 7101-7103 and 7112 but not 7108 (gold). Where art. 19 applies, Presidential Decree 430 sets the amount to be repatriated by reference to Decree 79. Foreign currency credited under foreign-trade contracts must be sold in the amount set by the Government Commission on control of foreign investment, within the term set by the Bank of Russia board (Decree 79 para 2).

    Kind
    Currency control
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 173-FZ art. 19; Presidential Decrees 79 (para 2) and 430, art. 19(1), (8)

    Researcher's note: [inferred] That FX-priced gold contracts fall outside the statutory repatriation duty is read from the absence of 7108 in the art. 19(8) list. [unconfirmed] The mandatory-sale share currently set by the Government Commission was not found (not published as a legal act).

  • Traceability: participants must record precious-metal operations in GIIS DMDK, with UINs and electronic accompanying documents between participants; refiners report receipt and shipment of metal in any form.

    Kind
    Origin marking
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 12², art. 20(2); Government Decree 270 of 26.02.2021, art. 12²

  • Refined metal in standard form must, before it enters circulation, be offered by a purchase proposal to the State Fund institution under Minfin and to the authority of the mining region (where a regional fund exists) - for the next year by 31 December, with an additional proposal within 10 working days if output exceeds the plan. They have the priority right only if they notify intent within 10 working days and sign within 20 working days; a refusal must be sent within 10 working days. In exceptional cases the President may order mandatory supplies. Unique nuggets are offered first to the State Fund institution, then to the region (art. 20(4)). Metal not sold in priority order may be sold, used, pledged or exported (art. 20(5)). Exporters that are mining or producing subjects must show the refusal document at FPP state control (EAEU Rules para 4(b)); miners may export if they have met their State Fund delivery contracts (Decree 1137 para 12).

    Kind
    State monopoly
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 2(5), art. 20(4)-(5)

  • LBMA suspended six Russian refiners on 7 Mar 2022; their bars produced from that date are not Good Delivery; Russian bars already in loco London/Swiss before then remain Good Delivery, with clearing banks attesting conformity.

    Kind
    Bar standard
    Valid from
    2022-03-07
    StandardNot recorded

  • Mined and produced precious metals (except nuggets) must, after the necessary processing, go for refining to organisations on the Government list (41-FZ art. 20(1)); only listed organisations may refine (art. 4(4)); the refining agreement's mandatory terms and the refiner's reporting duties are set by Decree 972.

    Kind
    Local refining requirement
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 20(1)

  • Switzerland: purchase, import, transit and transport into and through Switzerland of gold under Annex 26 (includes HS 7108) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 August 2022 are prohibited (Art. 14d(1)); the same applies to such gold processed in a third country (Art. 14d(2)) and, since 1 Feb 2024, to gold-containing products under Annex 27 (Art. 14d(3)); related services and financing are prohibited (Art. 14d(4)). Art. 14d inserted by the ordinance of 3 Aug 2022, in force 3 Aug 2022 18:00. (Japan is recorded separately in ru.ctl-sanctions-jp.)

    Kind
    Sanctions
    Valid from
    2022-08-03
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Swiss Ukraine Ordinance SR 946.231.176.72 (Stand 21.09.2026), Art. 14d

    Researcher's note: [transcription] Read in the official German consolidation (PDF text layer); Annex 26 heading list checked for 7108 only.

  • EU: it is prohibited to purchase, import or transfer, directly or indirectly, gold listed in Annex XXVI (HS 7108; 7112 91 gold waste and scrap; ex 7118 90 gold coins) that originates in Russia and was exported from Russia into the Union or to any third country after 22 July 2022 (art. 3o(1)); the same for Annex XXVI products processed in a third country incorporating such gold (art. 3o(2)); for Annex XXVII gold jewellery and goldsmiths' wares exported into the Union after 22 July 2022 (art. 3o(3)); and to provide related technical assistance, brokering, other services, financing or financial assistance (art. 3o(4)). Exceptions: diplomatic and international-organisation use (para 5), personal-use jewellery of travellers (para 6), loans of cultural goods by authorisation (para 7).

    Kind
    Sanctions
    Valid from
    2022-07-22
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Regulation (EU) 833/2014 as amended by 2022/1269, art. 3o

  • Japan: import of precious metals originating in Russia and shipped from Russia on or after 1 August 2022 requires the Minister of Finance's permission under FEFTA art. 19(2) (MOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 July 2022, item 4); the government announced it on 5 July 2022 as an import ban.

    Kind
    Sanctions
    Valid from
    2022-08-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: MOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 Jul 2022, item 4

  • UK: import of gold originating in Russia and exported from Russia on or after 21 July 2022 is prohibited (reg 46Z11, Chapter 4J inserted by SI 2022/850, in force 21 Jul 2022), with prohibitions on acquisition with intent to import, supply and delivery, technical assistance, financial services and brokering (regs 46Z12-46Z16). From 29 Oct 2022 (SI 2022/1110, Chapter 4JA) import of Russian gold jewellery (reg 46Z16B) and of "relevant processed gold" - gold processed in a third country that incorporates gold which originated in Russia and was exported from it on or after 21 July 2022 (regs 46Z16A, 46Z16C) - is also prohibited.

    Kind
    Sanctions
    Valid from
    2022-07-21
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, regs 46Z11-46Z16, 46Z16A-46Z16C

    Researcher's note: Read in the revised whole text (legislation.gov.uk, held as HTML) and the amending SIs as made. 'Relevant day' for Chapter 4J is the day the Chapter came into force (reg. 46Z10); 21 Jul 2022 from SI 2022/850 and the GOV.UK guidance.

  • US: import of gold of Russian Federation origin is prohibited from 28 Jun 2022, except gold located outside Russia before that date (OFAC determination under E.O. 14068 s. 1(a)(i)(A), amended version of 22 Dec 2023). U.S. persons may not deal with the Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund or the Ministry of Finance of Russia (Directive 4) or in property of blocked persons; persons using gold to evade sanctions can be designated under E.O. 14024 (OFAC FAQ 1029). E.O. 14114 (22 Dec 2023) added section 11 to E.O. 14024, allowing sanctions on foreign financial institutions for significant transactions for designated persons in listed sectors or involving Russia's military-industrial base.

    Kind
    Sanctions
    Valid from
    2022-06-28
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: E.O. 14068 and the OFAC determination; E.O. 14024 as amended by E.O. 14114, E.O. 14068 s. 1(a)(i)(A); E.O. 14024 s. 11

  • Temporary ban from 1 June to 30 November 2026 on export from Russia of precious-metal waste and scrap (HS 7112) and electrical and electronic waste used mainly to recover precious metals (8549 21 000 0, 8549 29 000 0), with exceptions for samples of up to 500 g per batch exported by listed refiners and for the pilot project under Presidential Decree 667 of 22.09.2025. It is the eighth consecutive six-month ban: 1 Sep 2022-28 Feb 2023 (Decree 1519), 20 Mar-20 Sep 2023 (403), 1 Nov 2023-30 Apr 2024 (1824), 20 May-20 Nov 2024 (611), 1 Dec 2024-31 May 2025 (1603), 1 Jun-30 Nov 2025 (744), 1 Dec 2025-31 May 2026 (1947); there were short gaps (1-19 Mar 2023, 21 Sep-31 Oct 2023, 1-19 May 2024, 21-30 Nov 2024). The 500 g sample exception appears in each.

    Kind
    Export ban
    Valid from
    2026-06-01
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: Government Decree 558 of 16.05.2026, para 1

    Researcher's note: [time-limited] Ends 30 Nov 2026 unless extended. The 500 g sample limit in Decree 558 checked against the page-2 image; the earlier decrees' periods read by [ocr].

  • Legal entities, entrepreneurs and artist-jewellers operating with precious metals must be on the FPP special register kept in GIIS DMDK; those that should be registered and are not may not carry out operations (41-FZ art. 13¹(2)). Registration within 30 calendar days of state registration (Rules para 5). Exempt: credit organisations, the Bank of Russia, public bodies and others listed in Rules para 2.

    Kind
    Anti-money laundering
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: 41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹

  • Precious metals and products from them are transported by air, sea, inland water, rail or specialised equipped road vehicles under armed escort; raw materials with less than 1% gold (or 5% silver), jewellery, investment metals (within a weight limit set by the Government) and some other items may move without armed escort if the owner secures them.

    Kind
    Other
    Primary lawNot recorded

    Legal basis: Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)

  • FPP state control of every import from and export to non-EAEU states of goods in tables 1 and 3 of section 2.10 (41-FZ art. 26²; Decree 1137 para 19(b)): the whole batch is presented (for ores and concentrates, HS 2616, the documents only) and controlled within 5 working days; checks of the batch against the documents, of origin, of compliance with transaction rules and of value (declared value within 5% of world prices, Minfin Order 11n); result an act of state control in 3 copies, or a refusal. Import control only in customs-control zones at specialised customs posts; export control there or at FPP territorial offices (para 19¹). Free of charge; applicants must be on the special register (FPP guide).

    Kind
    Other
    Primary lawNot recordedOCR

    Legal basis: EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) paras 3, 4, 7, 8, 10; Presidential Decree 1137 paras 19, 19¹, Rules paras 3, 10

    Researcher's note: [transcription] EEC Board Decision 30 read in the ConsultantPlus consolidated copy published by the FPP.

Trade flows

  • Since 2022 Russian gold has moved away from London towards Asian and Middle Eastern markets; a Sept 2026 commentary names Hong Kong and Shanghai as the main buyers.

    Figures: Commentary cites c.100 t Hong Kong imports in Jan-Jul 2026 and about USD 35 bn since 2022, but it is unclear whether these are Russian-origin figures

    SecondaryNot recorded

    Researcher's note: Opinion piece; customs statistics by destination (UAE, China, Hong Kong, Turkey, India) were not found in this pass.

  • The CBR was the largest domestic gold buyer for years and suspended domestic purchases in April 2020; producers were then allowed general export licences.

    SecondaryNot recorded

  • Monetary gold in Russia's international reserves

    Figures: USD 333.5 bn on 1 Sep 2026 (USD 292.9 bn on 1 Aug 2026; USD 337.5 bn on 1 May 2026); total reserves USD 769.0 bn

    Official guidanceNot recorded

    Researcher's note: Valuation at market prices, not tonnes.

Where practice departs from the law

What credible sources show happening that the law does not provide for.

  • The exchange-rate-linked export duty on gold (Decree 1538, from 1 Oct 2023) was lifted for HS 7108 by Decree 532 of 25 Apr 2024 and replaced for June-December 2024 by an NDPI surcharge of RUB 78,000 per kg (96-FZ). Press reports quote Minfin as saying that enforcing the duty would have required measures harming the whole sector - a reason given by officials, not in the decrees.

    SecondaryNot recordedOCR

  • Western import bans keyed to Russian origin are met by a reported informal restructuring of trade flows towards Asian and Middle Eastern markets. Commentary describes Shanghai and Hong Kong taking volumes that once went to London.

    SecondaryNot recorded

What we could not obtain

Documents the research needed and could not get, where they might be, and why.

  • General Bank of Russia limit on cash settlements between legal entities (RUB 100,000 per contract under Directive 5348-U, as widely cited; not read).

    Missing document
    Bank of Russia Directive No 5348-U of 09.12.2019 'On the rules for cash settlements'
    Where it might be
    https://www.cbr.ru/na/ (legal-acts database); pravo.gov.ru IPS
    Why not obtained
    IPS number search returned HTTP 204 (empty) for '5348-У' on 2026-09-29; the cbr.ru search results are loaded by script and the worker received only the default list. Needs a browser download (laws/_work/ru-requests.md).
    Affects
    ru.ctl-cash

  • Certificate-of-origin practice for gold exports (the licence and act of state control requirements are now read in the EAEU Regulation and Decree 1137).

    Missing document
    FCS guidance on declaring precious metals
    Why not obtained
    No legal act requiring or describing a certificate of origin for precious-metal exports was found among the texts read; FCS guidance not located.
    Affects
    ru.doc-cert-originru.st-33

  • Consolidated official text of EEC Board Decision 30 (the EAEU portal publishes the 2015 original and each amending decision separately).

    Missing document
    An official consolidated text of EEC Board Decision No 30 (as amended to Decision No 45 of 07.04.2026)
    Where it might be
    Not published by docs.eaeunion.org (the Decision 30 page offers only the 2015 original). Could be rebuilt from the amending decisions on the portal (about 60 acts, listed in eec-board-decision-30-2015.md).
    Why not obtained
    Original (docs.eaeunion.org/documents/292/1553/) and the amendment that inserted the precious-metals regime (Decision 131, /documents/292/1859/) fetched and held 2026-09-29; the later amendments to section 2.10 and Annex 14 were not fetched one by one, so the current wording still rests on the ConsultantPlus consolidation. Fetching them is feasible through the same portal listing (section ids by year in laws/_work/ru-api/eaeu-documents-root.html).
    Affects
    ru.law-eec-30ru.ctl-export-licensingru.ctl-fpp-export-control

  • Current share of foreign-currency export proceeds that must be sold (Presidential Decree 79 para 2) and the term set by the Bank of Russia board.

    Missing document
    Decisions of the Government Commission on control of foreign investment on the mandatory-sale share; Bank of Russia board decisions on the term
    Where it might be
    government.ru and cbr.ru announcements (not published as legal acts on publication.pravo.gov.ru)
    Why not obtained
    Name searches of the publication.pravo.gov.ru API ("обязательной продаже", "валютной выручки", "иностранной валюты, зачисленной") returned no such act; the web-search allowance of this session was used up before government.ru and cbr.ru could be searched. Listed in laws/_work/ru-requests.md.
    Affects
    ru.ctl-fxru.st-37

  • Export statistics by destination 2022-2026 (UAE, China, Hong Kong, Turkey, India, Kazakhstan).

    Missing document
    Partner-country customs statistics / FCS data
    Why not obtained
    The Federal Customs Service has not published foreign-trade statistics by partner country since 2022 and gold (HS 7108) is not shown in its public releases; mirror data from partner customs are recorded in the pair modules ru-ae, ru-cn, ru-hk, ru-in, ru-tr. No Russian official source for export volumes by destination exists to obtain.
    Affects
    ru.tf-asia-redirect

Routes through Russia

Country pairs

Sources

Every source this country's research cites, with how much of it was read and how.