السودان

• Central Bank of Sudan (Bank of Sudan, CBOS)

  Foreign-exchange regulator under the Currency Dealing Regulation Act 1981 and art.20 of the Regulation 2013; sets gold purchase and export rules by Policies Department circulars (2/2025, 17/2025, 11/2026, 12/2026, 13/2026, 18/2026); publishes the daily gold export price (XAR system); buys the 30% share of concession and small-mining gold and gold for reserves (17/2025 خامساً-5); was sole buyer and exporter of free and tailings gold 14 Sep - 5 Nov 2025 and bought all tailings gold 13 May - 21 Sep 2026.

  الموقع

  https://cbos.gov.sd

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Sudan Customs Authority

  Export clearance at Port Sudan airport and seaport and land borders; releases gold returned after manufacture only against the IM form and monitors the limit on worked gold carried by travellers under the Customs Disclosure Regulation (Circulars 14/2025, 17/2025); receives border declarations of currency (AML/CFT Act 2014 s.31).

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Financial Information Unit

  Receives suspicious transaction reports from financial and non-financial institutions, including dealers in metals and precious stones above the Minister's cash threshold (AML/CFT Act 2014 ss.3, 6), and copies of customs declarations (s.31(3)).

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning

  Approves changes to fees and rents (MMDA s.20(2)-(3)); receives the cash value of government shares collected by the competent authority (s.27أ); sets the distribution of mining revenues between federal, state and locality (Decision 90/2021); approves the state/national royalty split (Traditional Gold Mining Regulation art.8).

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Ministry of Industry and Trade

  Exporters' register and export e-contract (Baladna platform, Circular 1/2026 for goods other than gold); may set the minimum gold export contract (17/2025 خامساً-2) and the limit for gold sent for manufacture; approves gold sent abroad for manufacture and return (17/2025 رابعاً-1); receives the CBOS daily gold price; import and export approvals for worked and refined gold (Currency Dealing Regulation 2013 arts.7-8, "Ministry of Trade").

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Ministry of Minerals

  Minister issues search and exploration licences on the Technical Committee's recommendation (MMDA s.13(1)); licences and mining contracts are signed by the Director of the Geological Research Authority with the Minister's approval (s.14(2)); traditional gold mining contracts issued by the Ministry on SMRC recommendation (Traditional Gold Mining Regulation art.4); sets royalty rates by mineral and location (Exploitation Regulation art.15); Ministry export-approval certificate for concession and small-mining gold (Circular 2/2025) and ore export certificates (Exploitation Regulation art.34).

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Supreme Committee for Economic Emergencies (chaired by the Prime Minister)

  Wartime committee; its recommendations were approved by Transitional Council of Ministers Decision No. 132 of 2025 (2 Sep 2025, not held), which Circular 14/2025 implemented (single buyer and exporter).

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّلغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• Sudan Gold Refinery Company

  State-owned refinery (Khartoum, completed 2012); executes CBOS gold purchases (Circular 2/2025 رابعاً; 14/2025 ثانياً-4); exporters must comply with its controls (17/2025 خامساً-1). Looted by the RSF in May 2023.

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Sudanese Mineral Resources Company (SMRC)

  State-owned company holding all delegable powers of the "competent authority" under MMDA 2015 (MoM Decision 45/2024): supervision and inspection, in-kind and cash collection of royalties, rents and profit shares, sale of the state's in-kind gold; determines, collects and distributes mining revenues and manages government gold including zakat gold (MoF Decision 90/2021); recommends traditional mining contracts and keeps the miners' register (Traditional Gold Mining Regulation arts.4, 6); weighs concession gold bought by CBOS and certifies in-kind deductions (Circular 2/2025); runs Minerals Gate. Head office moved to Port Sudan during the war.

  الموقع

  https://smrc.sd

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organisation (SSMO)

  Its Hallmarking and Precious Metals Control Department hallmarks precious metals before export and approves imports (Precious Metals and Gemstones Act 2008 ss.3, 20), keeps the register of assayers and goldsmiths (s.23); issues the certificate required for concession gold exports (Circular 2/2025) and weight and assay documents for free gold (17/2025 ثالثاً-6); sets fineness for CBOS purchases (2/2025 رابعاً-1).

  لا مستوى ثقة مسجَّل

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Regulation on Gold and Associated Minerals Assaying Work 2016

  Licensing of gold assay laboratories on the recommendation of a joint committee (SSMO involved); applicant must be Sudanese with capital of at least SDG 500,000; provisional approval 6 months, final licence 1 year; assay certificate within +/-1% with prescribed contents (art.6(4)).

  المرجع

  Approved by the National Assembly in sitting No. 29 of its third session, 22 Ramadan 1437 / 27 June 2016, with amendments in its Decision No. 15

  النوع

  لائحة

  سارٍ من

  2016-06-27

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS gold marketing policy of 1 January 2020 (70/30 rule for concession companies; 85/15 for artisanal)

  Concession companies may export up to 70% of output and must sell 30% to CBOS; artisanal output 85% to CBOS / 15% export (Sudan Events).

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2020-01-01

  مصدر ثانوي

  ملاحظة الباحث: Instrument not seen. The 70/30 rule is now set by Circular 2/2025 (sd.law-cbos-circ-02-2025), which repeals Circular 2022/24 and the 2023-2024 gold circulars; whether the 2020 policy was itself replaced by 2022/24 is [inferred].

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS Circular 14/2025: CBOS sole buyer and sole exporter of free and tailings gold

  Purchase of free (artisanal) and tailings gold inside Sudan reserved to CBOS or its delegate; export reserved to CBOS alone, banned for any natural or legal person; purchases at international prices and the prevailing market price, executed by Sudan Gold Refinery per 2/2025. Manufacture-and-return exports kept, against MoIT approval, SSMO certificate, a bank cheque or guarantee for the gold's value and return within one month. Exception for advance-payment exports whose proceeds arrived on or before the Cabinet decision.

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2025/14) of 14 Sep 2025, implementing Transitional Council of Ministers Decision No. 132 of 2025 (2 Sep 2025, not held); repeals 2025/3; repealed by 2025/17

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2025-09-14

  أُلغي في

  2025-11-05

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  ملاحظة الباحث: [conflict] Press dated it 16 Sep 2025 and reported 100% advance payment and a 21-day deposit for concession exports; the circular is dated 14 Sep 2025 and leaves concession and small-mining gold to Circular 2/2025 (رابعاً-4).

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS Circular 1/2026: commodity export procedures and controls

  General export rules (electronic export contract from MoIT on the Baladna platform, EX form on IMEX, repatriation periods by payment method). Gold is carved out: "gold is dealt with under its own controls" (ثالثاً-14). Circular 14/2026 (10 Jun 2026) makes bank executive management personally liable for following up export proceeds under its item ثانياً-5.

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2026/01) of 6 Jan 2026; repeals 2025/01

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2026-01-06

  إرشاد رسمي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS Circular 2/2025: purchase and export of gold of concession and small-mining companies

  Banks may not complete gold export procedures for concession or small-mining companies without CBOS written approval, an SSMO certificate and a Ministry of Minerals export-approval certificate (ثانياً). Concession companies export 70% of output remaining after in-kind deduction of zakat, royalties and profit shares, keeping proceeds inside or outside Sudan as their agreements allow; the other 30% is sold to CBOS or its delegate (ثالثاً-1). Small-mining companies: same 70/30 split, international prices, advance payment transferred from abroad or confirmed sight L/C without overseas-assay conditions, proceeds within 30 days of shipment, gold export account up to 21 working days (ثالثاً-2). CBOS purchases are executed by Sudan Gold Refinery: fineness by SSMO, weights by an SMRC committee, SMRC document that government shares were deducted in kind (رابعاً).

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2025/2) of 21 Jan 2025, under ss.7-8 of the Currency Dealing Regulation Act 1981 and art.20 of the Regulation 2013; repeals Circulars 2022/24, the circular of 11 Jun 2023, 2024/4 and 2024/5

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2025-01-21

  إرشاد رسمي

  ملاحظة الباحث: In force: no later circular repealing it appears on the CBOS index of circulars issued after 15 April 2023 (checked 2026-09-29).

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS Circular 3/2025: purchase and export of free gold and tailings-company gold

  Any legal person could export free and tailings gold against advance payment transferred from abroad or a confirmed sight L/C (proceeds within 30 days); gold export account 21 working days; minimum 10 kg; no exports by government bodies or foreigners except concession companies.

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2025/3) of 21 Jan 2025; repealed by Circular 2025/14

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2025-01-21

  أُلغي في

  2025-09-14

  إرشاد رسميOCR

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS Circular 11/2014: Gold export by companies

  Banks may not complete export banking procedures for gold by mining or tailings companies without CBOS prior written approval. Issued under art.20 of the Foreign Currency Dealing Regulations 2013.

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2014-09-09

  إرشاد رسمي

  ملاحظة الباحث: [inferred] No repeal text held, but the approval rules are now set by Circulars 2/2025 (concession and small-mining gold) and 18/2026 (tailings gold); free gold needs no CBOS approval under 17/2025.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS Circular 11/2026: amendments to the free-gold and tailings-gold policy

  (1) Free-gold proceeds may be used for the holder's imports or sold to the exporter's bank, any other bank or CBOS. (2) CBOS buys 100% of tailings companies' gold at its announced price after in-kind deduction of profits and royalties from total production - cancelled 21 Sep 2026. (3) Minimum free-gold export contract 1 kg.

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2026/11) of 13 May 2026, amending 2025/17; item 2 cancelled and replaced by 2026/18 of 21 Sep 2026

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2026-05-13

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS Circular 12/2026: amendments to import procedures (use of export proceeds)

  Free-gold proceeds, other export proceeds and banks' other resources may pay for any goods MoIT allows to be imported; all imports run through an intermediate import account; amounts may stay there at most 21 working days, then are bought for CBOS at the bank's buying rate; the item allowing 100% of free and tailings gold proceeds for strategic imports is deleted.

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2026/12) of 13 May 2026, amending the import circular 2026/02 of 6 Jan 2026 (not held)

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2026-05-13

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS Circular 13/2026: incentive price for free-gold exports

  CBOS prices gold for export daily at the international 24-carat price per ounce less USD 10, converted to USD per gram, announced on the XAR system to MoIT and the unified gold export window; the exporter is settled at this price and no shipment passes if proceeds fall below the value at the announced price; banks send monthly electronic returns.

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2026/13) of 13 May 2026

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2026-05-13

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS Circular 17/2025 (reopening of gold exports to companies)

  Free gold = gold from traditional (artisanal) mining (ثانياً). Any legal person may export free and tailings gold after all export procedures (ثالثاً-1), at international prices, by advance payment or confirmed sight L/C without overseas-assay conditions, proceeds on acceptance of documents and at most 30 days from shipment (ثالثاً-2); gold export account up to 21 working days, then bought for CBOS (ثالثاً-3); tailings gold needs CBOS written approval (ثالثاً-5); free gold needs SSMO weight and assay documents (ثالثاً-6). Manufacture and return within one month with MoIT approval, SSMO certificate and IM form on return (رابعاً). Exporters follow MoIT, Ministry of Minerals, SSMO, Customs and Sudan Gold Refinery controls (خامساً-1); minimum contract 10 kg or as MoIT decides (خامساً-2, replaced by 1 kg in 2026/11); no exports by government bodies or foreigners except concession companies (خامساً-4); CBOS buys gold only to build reserves (خامساً-5).

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2025/17) of 5 Nov 2025; repeals 2025/14; amended by 2026/11 (13 May 2026) and, for tailings gold, by 2026/18 (21 Sep 2026)

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2025-11-05

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS Circular 18/2026: purchase and export of tailings-company gold

  Tailings companies may sell all their gold to CBOS, its delegate or exporters (1); banks may complete tailings-gold exports by advance payment, with daily CBOS pricing (2), or confirmed sight L/C without goods conditions, proceeds within 30 days of shipment (3); gold export account up to 21 working days (4); proceeds used for imports of activity needs after SMRC approval, or sold to banks or CBOS (5); CBOS written approval required (6).

  المرجع

  Policies Department Circular (2026/18) of 21 Sep 2026; cancels paragraph (2) of 2026/11

  النوع

  تعميم

  سارٍ من

  2026-09-21

  إرشاد رسمي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS Foreign Exchange Operations Controls and Directions (ضوابط وتوجيهات عمليات النقد الأجنبي), booklet

  Export contract endorsed by a commercial bank, valid «شهرين» (dual of «شهر», month) from endorsement, advance-payment contracts excepted; exporters must repatriate export proceeds in foreign currency within the periods set per payment method. Gold rules of the booklet: artisanal gold is exported only by the Central Bank of Sudan; licensed gold companies with agreements with the Government export their production after refining at the Khartoum refinery; export of raw gold is prohibited; free-gold exports are paid by advance payment transferred from abroad; gold exported for repair and return needs an export licence and a guarantee cheque for its value (pages in refs).

  النوع

  إرشاد

  إرشاد رسمي

  ملاحظة الباحث: [ocr] Read in the booklet's unchecked OCR text. Its gold rules are superseded by later CBOS gold circulars; the export-contract rules are still the only text held on contract validity.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• CBOS monetary and financial policies for 2026

  Lists activities banks may not finance, including "purchase of gold and its tailings" (شراء الذهب ومخلفاته).

  النوع

  إرشاد

  سارٍ من

  2026-01-01

  إرشاد رسمي

  ملاحظة الباحث: [ocr]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Currency Dealing Regulation Act 1981 (amended 2011)

  Import and export of gold in all forms is subject to what the regulations provide (s.7); exporters must recover the value of exported goods in foreign currency; offences up to three years' imprisonment or fine, with confiscation (s.9). Legal basis cited by every 2025-2026 CBOS gold circular, with art.20 of the Currency Dealing Regulation 2013.

  المرجع

  Act of 1981, amended 2011 (s.5 replaced); printed in the CBOS 2014 booklet

  النوع

  قانون

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [ocr] Read in the OCR of the booklet; ss.7 and 9 checked against the page images.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Currency Dealing Regulation 2013

  Import of worked or refined (bar) gold only with a Ministry of Trade import approval and CBOS consent; anyone may bring in up to ten ounces of worked gold for adornment (art.7). Export of worked or refined gold only with a Ministry of Trade approval and CBOS consent; a resident may take out up to ten ounces of worked gold for adornment registered in the passport; worked gold declared on arrival may be taken out again (art.8). Art.20 is the Governor's power under which the CBOS circulars are issued.

  المرجع

  Signed 2 Jan 2013; repeals the Foreign Exchange Dealing Regulation 1999; printed in the CBOS 2014 booklet

  النوع

  لائحة

  سارٍ من

  2013-01-02

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [ocr] Read in the OCR of the booklet; arts.7-8 checked against the page images.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Council Regulation (EU) 2026/1724 of 13 July 2026 (gold, mercury and cyanide measures)

  Art.1a: ban on purchase, import or transfer of Sudan-origin gold (CN 7108, 7112 91, ex 7118 90) exported from Sudan after 15 Jul 2026; Art.1b: ban on mercury and sodium cyanide exports to Sudan. Entry into force the day after publication (OJ 14 Jul 2026).

  النوع

  لائحة

  سارٍ من

  2026-07-15

  نص القانون

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Minister of Minerals Decision No. 45 of 2024 (delegation of competent-authority powers to SMRC)

  SMRC holds all delegable powers of the "competent authority" under MMDA 2015: supervision and inspection; in-kind and cash collection of royalties, rents and profit shares; sale of the state's in-kind gold with proceeds paid as MoF Decision 90/2021 provides.

  المرجع

  Ministerial Decision No. 45 of 2024, 29 Aug 2024; read with Council of Ministers Decision No. 98 of 2024 (not held); repeals Decision No. 44 of 2021

  النوع

  مرسوم

  سارٍ من

  2024-08-29

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Minister of Minerals Decisions Nos. 40, 41 and 42 of 2024 (royalties on gypsum, salt and cement)

  Posted on Minerals Gate as the royalty decision; it covers only gypsum, salt and cement raw materials. No Minister's decision setting a gold royalty rate under art.15 of the 2016 Exploitation Regulation was found.

  النوع

  مرسوم

  سارٍ من

  2024-08-20

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Precious Metals and Gemstones Act 2008 (Act No. 10 of 2008)

  Administered by the Hallmarking and Precious Metals Control Department of the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organisation (s.3). No trading in or possession for sale of unhallmarked gold or silver articles (s.4). Legal gold standards: 23.5 kt (979.16), 21 kt (875), 18 kt (750), 14 kt (583.33), 12 kt (500), 9 kt (375) parts per thousand (s.7). No export, including for manufacture and return, of precious metals or gemstones as bars or jewellery without hallmarking by the Department as regulations provide (s.20(1)); imports need the Department's approval, assay and hallmark unless there is a mutual-recognition agreement (s.20(2)). Register of assayers and goldsmiths (s.23); goldsmiths need a registration certificate (s.24). Offences s.25.

  المرجع

  Act No. 10 of 2008; s.2 repeals the Gold and Silver Hallmarking Act 1972

  النوع

  قانون

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Minister of Finance Decision No. 90 of 2021 on the distribution of mining-sector revenues

  Shares of the producing state and locality: royalties 7.5% each; government profit share 12.5% each; traditional mining revenues 20% each; community-responsibility money 80% to the locality; mineral zakat 30% state / 70% locality. Social responsibility: 4% in kind of tailings companies' gold output and 1% in cash of concession companies' gold production value. SMRC determines, collects and distributes the shares and manages the government's gold, including zakat gold.

  المرجع

  Ministerial Decision No. 90 of 2021, signed 4 Rabi' al-Thani 1443 / 9 Nov 2021, under s.22 of the Financial and Accounting Procedures Act 2007

  النوع

  مرسوم

  سارٍ من

  2021-11-09

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] The federal-share column of the distribution table is illegible on the scan.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Traditional Gold Mining Regulation 2016

  No traditional gold mining without a contract from the Ministry on SMRC recommendation (art.4); annual renewal (art.5); conditions: Sudanese, entered in the SMRC register, aged 18+, contract, miner card, sale of gold as Ministry and SMRC policy provides, payment of fees and royalties (art.6); royalty per the Schedule, 50% national / 50% state, payable in kind or cash as the Ministry decides (art.8); coordination councils down to market councils that collect royalties and fees (arts.9-16); tailings not to be moved between states or stored within 25 km of housing (art.18); contract suspension or cancellation for breaches (art.19); Schedule: royalty 10% of product (gold or cash) or 20% of ore; fees.

  المرجع

  Made by the Minister of Minerals with National Assembly approval under MMDA 2015 s.34(ج); in force from signature (art.1); signature page undated

  النوع

  لائحة

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] The signature date is blank in the posted copy.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• US Executive Order 14098 (Sudan)

  Authority for designation of Al Junaid (2023) and AZ Gold, Capital Tap and Hemedti (2025).

  النوع

  أخرى

  إرشاد رسمي

  ملاحظة الباحث: [not-read] Executive Order text not held; its date (4 May 2023) is not stated in the held documents. The held "programme page" file is 31 CFR part 546 (Darfur, EO 13400).

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Act 2009

  NOT IN FORCE. Historical: covered "trade of minerals and valuable gems" (CDD s.6(1), STR s.6(3)) and required declaration of money, bearer instruments, metals and valuable gems at the border (s.36). Superseded by sd.law-aml-2014.

  النوع

  قانون

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [inferred] Replaced by the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act 2010 (not held), which the 2014 Act s.2 repeals; the repeal date of the 2009 text is not known.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act 2014

  Dealers in metals or precious stones are "non-financial institutions" when they conclude cash transactions above a threshold the Minister sets by decision (s.3); CDD (s.5); record keeping and suspicious-transaction reporting (s.6); border declaration of currency and bearer negotiable instruments at amounts set by regulations (s.31) - metals and gems are not included; seizure by customs (s.32); breach of s.31: fine equal to twice the amount (s.38(4)).

  المرجع

  Act of 2014; s.2 repeals the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act 2010

  النوع

  قانون

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: Read in the HTML text on the CBOS site; no gazetted copy held. The Minister's decision fixing the cash threshold for dealers is not held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Council Regulation (EU) 2023/2147 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Sudan

  EU Sudan regime; amended by 2026/1724.

  النوع

  لائحة

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [not-read] Base regulation not held; the Publications Office consolidated text downloaded was the Estonian language version. Known from the amending act.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Regulation on the Exploitation of Minerals 2016

  Mining contract area up to 2 km2 (art.13(2)); rent EUR 10,000 per km2 (art.13(5)); royalty on gross production at the percentage the Minister sets by mineral and mine location (arts.13(6), 14(6), 15); community development contributions (art.33); no export of mineral ores, salt, gypsum or gemstones without a Ministry export certificate (art.34(1)), certificates issued after payment of fees (art.34(2)); fee schedule (ore export certificate EUR 500; sample export EUR 100 per 20 kg; tailings-processing contract signing bonus and renewal SDG 5,000,000 each); settlement schedule (dealing in mercury without a Ministry permit EUR 100,000).

  المرجع

  Made by the Minister of Minerals under MMDA 2015; art.2 repeals the 2012 Regulation; signed 13 Rabi' al-Awwal 1438 (handwritten; probably 12 Dec 2016)

  النوع

  لائحة

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Mineral Resources and Mining Development Act 2007

  Repealed by the 2015 Act (commencement date not read); permits and contracts issued under it stay valid.

  النوع

  قانون

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: Known only from the repeal clause of the 2015 Act.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Mineral Wealth and Mining Development Act 2015 (amended 2019 and 2023)

  Licence and contract types s.14(1)(أ)-(ز): general search licence, exclusive exploration licence, mining contract, small mining contract, traditional mining contract (هـ), industrial minerals contract, tailings licence (ز, added 2019); signed by the Director of the Geological Research Authority with the Minister's approval (s.14(2)). Licence conditions s.12(1); traditional mining contract only for Sudanese aged 18+ registered with the Authority who have paid the fees (s.12(2)). Minister issues search/exploration licences on the Technical Committee's recommendation (s.13(1)). Fees per the Schedule (s.20(1)); rents set by regulations (s.20(2)); the Act sets no royalty rate. Competent authority collects fees and government shares, may sell in-kind shares and remit to the Ministry of Finance (s.27أ, 2023). Offences s.32(1)(أ)-(ز), mandatory confiscation s.32(2), General Criminal Court s.33, regulations with National Assembly approval s.34.

  المرجع

  Act No. 8 of 2015 (footnote to the title); s.2 repeals the Mineral Resources and Mining Development Act 2007; amended by the Miscellaneous Amendments (Anti-Smuggling) Act 2019 and the Miscellaneous Amendments (Public Funds) Act 2023

  النوع

  قانون

  نص القانون

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] Consolidated text as posted on Minerals Gate; the 2019 and 2023 amending Acts themselves are not held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• The Sudan (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020

  UK asset freezes under the Sudan regime, including the 16 Jul 2026 designations of Omdurman Mining, Ariab Mining Company and Sudamin (FCDO press release) and the four designations in the OFSI notice of 12 Dec 2025. The GOV.UK notice page was withdrawn on 30 Jan 2026 (notices moved to a new page); the Regulations continue.

  المرجع

  S.I. 2020/753

  النوع

  لائحة

  إرشاد رسمي

  ملاحظة الباحث: [not-read] The Regulations themselves are not held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

مكتبة القوانين غير متاحة حاليًا. صفحات البحث متاحة؛ حاول مجددًا بعد قليل.

• Appointment as CBOS delegate (من يفوضه) for gold purchases

  يحمله

  CBOS appointed purchase agent

  تصدره

  Central Bank of Sudan

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  ملاحظة الباحث: The circulars refer to "CBOS or its delegate"; the appointment instrument is not held.

  مصدر واحد

• Eligibility as gold exporter under CBOS rules (legal person; not a government body; not a foreigner unless a concession company)

  يحمله

  Gold exporter (Sudanese legal person)

  تصدره

  Central Bank of Sudan

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 17/2025, ثالثاً-1; خامساً-4

  مصدر واحد

• Registration certificate for goldsmiths and assayers (no separate licence for buyers of raw gold found)

  يحمله

  Gold trader in a traditional mining market

  تصدره

  SSMO (registrar appointed by the Director-General)

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Precious Metals and Gemstones Act 2008, ss.23-24

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] The Act registers goldsmiths and assayers (ss.19, 23-24) and makes each person "authorised to trade or manufacture" in precious metals liable (s.21), but no licence for buyers of raw gold in mining markets was found; market councils regulate markets (Traditional Gold Mining Regulation arts.14-16).

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Traditional mining contract

  Traditional mining contract

  يحمله

  Traditional (artisanal) miner

  تصدره

  Ministry of Minerals on SMRC recommendation (Traditional Gold Mining Regulation art.4); signed by the Director of the Geological Research Authority with the Minister's approval (MMDA s.14(2))

  مدة الصلاحية

  One year, renewable on SMRC recommendation after paying fees (Regulation art.5)

  الرسم

  MMDA Schedule: application SDG 3,000; issue SDG 7,000; regularisation SDG 40,000; new contract SDG 15,000. Regulation Schedule: licence SDG 3,000; contract SDG 7,000 (well) to 250,000 (large pit). [conflict] the two schedules differ; see sd.tax-licence-fees.

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Mineral Wealth and Mining Development Act 2015, s.14(1)(هـ); s.12(2); Schedule row 5

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] How far individual diggers hold contracts (versus working in areas contracted to groups or market operators) is not known.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Entry in the SMRC miners' register and miner card

  يحمله

  Traditional (artisanal) miner

  تصدره

  SMRC

  الرسم

  Miner card SDG 100

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Traditional Gold Mining Regulation 2016, art.6(ب), 6(ك); Schedule (miner card SDG 100)

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Banking licence and authorisation to deal in foreign exchange

  يحمله

  Commercial bank (authorised FX dealer)

  تصدره

  Central Bank of Sudan

  إرشاد رسمي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Company registration

  Certificate of incorporation

  يحمله

  Gold exporter (Sudanese legal person)

  تصدره

  Commercial Registrar

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  ملاحظة الباحث: Circular 17/2025 limits free-gold exports to legal persons; the registrar is not named in any text held.

  مصدر واحد

• Registration in the exporters' register

  يحمله

  Gold exporter (Sudanese legal person)

  تصدره

  Ministry of Industry and Trade (the booklet names the Ministry of Commerce, وزارة التجارة)

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS FX Operations Controls and Directions (export procedures; pages in refs)

  ملاحظة الباحث: [ocr] From the CBOS FX directions booklet, read in its unchecked OCR text: the exporter submitting export contracts to the banks is registered with the Ministry of Commerce and holds a valid commercial register (the exporters' register); current procedure not read.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Company registration on the Minerals Gate portal

  Portal account; tracking of stockpiles, CIL plants, smelting and ingot export preparation

  يحمله

  Concession (mining contract) company

  تصدره

  SMRC

  إرشاد رسمي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Mining contract (or small-scale mining contract)

  يحمله

  Concession (mining contract) company

  تصدره

  Minister of Minerals

  الرسم

  Mining contract: application SDG 3,000; issue 15,000; transfer or assignment 50,000. Small mining contract: 3,000; 10,000; 50,000. Rent EUR 10,000 per km2 a year (Exploitation Regulation art.13(5)).

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Mineral Wealth and Mining Development Act 2015, s.14(1)(ج)-(د); s.12(1); Schedule rows 3-4

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Tailings licence and SMRC tailings-processing contract

  يحمله

  Mining-waste (tailings, 'karta') processing company

  تصدره

  Ministry of Minerals / SMRC

  الرسم

  Signing bonus SDG 5,000,000; renewal SDG 5,000,000; transfer EUR 1,000,000 (Exploitation Regulation schedule)

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: MMDA 2015 s.14(1)(ز) (2019); Exploitation Regulation 2016 fee schedule

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] Contract form not held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Royalty (al-'awa'id al-jalila) on traditional (artisanal) gold mining

  Traditional (artisanal) gold mining under a traditional mining contract

  المعدل

  10% of the product (in gold or cash); alternatively 20% of the ore produced

  الوعاء

  Gold produced (or ore, for the 20% rate)

  يدفعه

  Traditional miner

  تحصّله

  SMRC and the market councils (arts.14, 16); paid in kind or cash as the Ministry decides (art.8(ب))

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Traditional Gold Mining Regulation 2016, art.8; Schedule (art.20)

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] [conflict] Art.8 splits the royalty 50% national / 50% state; MoF Decision 90/2021 gives the producing state and locality 20% each of "traditional mining revenues" (federal column illegible). See sd.div-conflict-asm-split. Chatham House's "20%" matches the 20%-of-ore alternative.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Corporation tax on gold companies

  المعدل

  18% (reduced from 28%, 2024); USGS 2019 reported 15%

  الوعاء

  Profits

  يدفعه

  Gold mining companies

  تحصّله

  Taxation Chamber

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• Royalty on gold (concession companies)

  المعدل

  5-7% of mineral value (2019 policy)

  الوعاء

  Gross production, regardless of costs, profit or loss (art.15(2))

  يدفعه

  Concession company

  تحصّله

  SMRC as delegated competent authority (MoM Decision 45/2024), in kind or cash

  مصدر ثانوي

  الأساس القانوني: Regulation on the Exploitation of Minerals 2016, arts.13(6), 15

  ملاحظة الباحث: [conflict] The rate is from USGS 2019. Neither the Act nor the 2016 Exploitation Regulation fixes a rate: art.15 makes royalties on concession, small-mining and tailings companies a percentage of gross production that the Minister sets by mineral and mine location. The Minister's decision for gold was not found (Decisions 40-42/2024 cover gypsum, salt and cement only). Sudan Transparency (2024) cites 28.5% "as royalties", which likely bundles royalty and state share. See sd.div-conflict-royalty-rate.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Community (social) responsibility contribution on gold producers

  المعدل

  4% in kind of tailings companies' gold output; 1% in cash of concession companies' gold production value (based on the previous year's output)

  يدفعه

  Tailings-processing and concession companies

  تحصّله

  SMRC, paid into the locality's community-responsibility account

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: MoF Decision No. 90 of 2021, ثالثاً

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Fee for transferring artisanal gold from mining areas to city markets

  المعدل

  Waived (2024)

  يدفعه

  Trader

  تحصّله

  SMRC / state authorities

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• Licence and contract fees

  المعدل

  MMDA Schedule (SDG): mining contract application 3,000, issue 15,000, transfer/assignment 50,000; small mining contract 3,000 / 10,000 / 50,000; traditional mining contract application 3,000, issue 7,000, regularisation 40,000, new contract 15,000; certificates 100 (samples up to 20 kg), 500 (ore export), 200 (other). Traditional Gold Mining Regulation Schedule (SDG): traditional mining licence 3,000; contract fee 7,000 (well), 50,000 / 150,000 / 250,000 (small / medium / large pit); sieve licences 10,000 / 50,000 / 100,000; miner card 100. Exploitation Regulation 2016 (EUR): ore export certificate 500; sample export 100 per 20 kg; tailings-processing contract signing bonus and renewal SDG 5,000,000 each.

  يدفعه

  Applicant

  تحصّله

  Ministry of Minerals / SMRC

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: MMDA 2015, s.20(1); Schedule

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] Schedule row 7 (certificates) is ambiguously aligned in print; the Minister may change fees with the Finance Minister's approval (s.20(3)).

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Implicit levy: CBOS indicative price set USD 10/oz below the international price

  المعدل

  USD 10 per troy ounce

  الوعاء

  International 24-carat price

  يدفعه

  Sellers to CBOS / exporters at the floor

  تحصّله

  CBOS

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 13/2026, items 1-3

  مصدر واحد

• State share in concessions

  المعدل

  30% of concessions (reported); plus a reported '40% tax on any gold sold' (unexplained)

  يدفعه

  Concession company

  تحصّله

  Ministry of Minerals / Ministry of Finance

  مصدر ثانوي

  الأساس القانوني: MMDA 2015 s.27أ (2023); Circular 2/2025 ثالثاً

  ملاحظة الباحث: The percentage is from a secondary report. Primary texts: MMDA s.27أ (collection and sale of government shares), Exploitation Regulation art.13(7) (government share of net profits in small-mining contracts as the agreement provides), Circular 2/2025 (zakat, royalties and profit shares deducted in kind before the 70/30 split).

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Banks may not finance the purchase of gold and its tailings (CBOS 2026 policies, list of prohibited financing, item vii "شراء الذهب ومخلفاته"). Gold buyers and exporters must use own funds or foreign advance payments.

  النوع

  أخرى

  سارٍ من

  2026-01-01

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS monetary and financial policies for 2026

  ملاحظة الباحث: [ocr] The 2025 policies were not checked for the same item.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Sudan is an active conflict zone with both SAF and RSF financing themselves from gold; downstream refiners following OECD/LBMA due diligence must treat all Sudanese gold as high-risk, including gold from state-owned producers now under UK sanctions. Sudan itself has no conflict-minerals law found.

  النوع

  العناية الواجبة في مناطق النزاع

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• 2014 version: banks may not complete gold export banking procedures for any company exporting gold, including mining and tailings companies, without CBOS prior written approval (Circular 11/2014). Superseded in substance by the 2025-2026 approval rules (sd.ctl-export-approvals-2025).

  النوع

  أخرى

  سارٍ من

  2014-09-09

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 11/2014

  ملاحظة الباحث: [inferred] No repeal text held; see sd.ctl-export-approvals-2025.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• 14 Sep - 5 Nov 2025 (Circular 14/2025): purchase of free (artisanal) and tailings gold inside Sudan reserved to CBOS or its delegate; export reserved to CBOS alone and banned for any natural or legal person; purchases executed by Sudan Gold Refinery. Concession and small-mining companies stayed under Circular 2/2025. Repealed by Circular 17/2025 on 5 Nov 2025.

  النوع

  احتكار الدولة

  سارٍ من

  2025-09-14

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 14/2025, ثانياً 1-4

  ملاحظة الباحث: [time-limited] No longer in force since 5 Nov 2025.

  مصدر واحد

• Concession companies may export 70% of the output remaining after in-kind deduction of the government's zakat, royalty and profit shares, and must sell the other 30% to CBOS or its delegate whether or not they export; small-mining companies likewise (Circular 2/2025 ثالثاً). Earlier versions: CBOS gold policy of 1 Jan 2020 (secondary) and Circular 2022/24 (repealed by 2/2025, not held).

  النوع

  احتكار الدولة

  الحد

  30% of net output (after in-kind government shares)

  سارٍ من

  2025-01-21

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 2/2025, ثالثاً-1(ب), ثالثاً-2(د)

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Every person entering or leaving Sudan must declare to customs the currency and bearer negotiable instruments carried, at amounts set by regulations (AML/CFT Act 2014 s.31(1)); customs may seize them on suspicion or false declaration (s.32); breach of s.31 is punished by a fine equal to twice the amount (s.38(4)). Metals and gems are not in the 2014 declaration rule (they were in s.36 of the superseded 2009 text). Gold carried by travellers is governed by Currency Dealing Regulation 2013 arts.7-8 (ten ounces of worked gold) and the Customs Disclosure Regulation (see sd.ctl-undocumented-gold).

  النوع

  الإقرار عبر الحدود

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act 2014, s.31, s.32, s.38(4)

  ملاحظة الباحث: [conflict] The r1 model applied the 2009 metals-and-gems declaration; see sd.div-conflict-cross-border. Declaration thresholds (regulations) not held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• EU ban on purchasing, importing or transferring, directly or indirectly, gold (CN 7108, 7112 91, ex 7118 90) that originates in Sudan and was exported from Sudan into the EU or any third country after 15 July 2026, and on related technical assistance, brokering, financing and financial assistance. Exception for official purposes of diplomatic missions and international organisations in Sudan. Applies to Sudanese gold routed via Dubai or elsewhere, so origin evidence travels with the metal.

  النوع

  العقوبات

  سارٍ من

  2026-07-15

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Council Regulation (EU) 2026/1724, art.1a

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Approvals banks must see before completing a gold export: concession and small-mining gold - CBOS written approval, an SSMO certificate and a Ministry of Minerals export-approval certificate (Circular 2/2025 ثانياً); tailings gold - CBOS written approval (17/2025 ثالثاً-5; restated by 18/2026 item 6); free gold - SSMO documents on weights and assay (17/2025 ثالثاً-6), no CBOS approval. Mineral ores need a Ministry of Minerals export certificate (Exploitation Regulation 2016 art.34(1)); precious metals must be hallmarked by SSMO before export (Precious Metals and Gemstones Act 2008 s.20(1)).

  النوع

  أخرى

  سارٍ من

  2025-01-21

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circulars 2/2025 and 17/2025

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Free and tailings gold may be exported by any legal person (شخص اعتباري) after all export procedures (Circular 17/2025 ثالثاً-1); exports by government bodies and by foreigners, individuals or companies, are banned except concession companies in gold mining (خامساً-4). Individuals are not eligible [inferred from "legal person"].

  النوع

  أخرى

  سارٍ من

  2025-11-05

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 17/2025, ثالثاً-1; خامساً-4

  مصدر واحد

• No export, including export for manufacture and return, of precious metals or gemstones as bars or jewellery without hallmarking by SSMO's Hallmarking and Precious Metals Control Department as regulations provide; imports need the Department's approval, assay and hallmark unless a mutual-recognition agreement applies (s.20). Legal gold standards 23.5, 21, 18, 14, 12 and 9 carats (s.7).

  النوع

  معيار السبائك

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Precious Metals and Gemstones Act 2008, s.20; s.7

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription] How s.20 is applied to doré and unrefined gold exports is not stated in any text held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• 2014 directions: raw gold exports prohibited and company exports refined at the Khartoum refinery (historical). Current texts: CBOS purchases are executed by Sudan Gold Refinery with fineness set by SSMO (Circular 2/2025 رابعاً; 14/2025 ثانياً-4); exporters must comply with Sudan Gold Refinery's controls among others (17/2025 خامساً-1). No 2025-2026 circular held requires refining before a private export.

  النوع

  اشتراط التكرير المحلي

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 17/2025, خامساً-1

  ملاحظة الباحث: [conflict] Press reported that the Sept 2025 measures required local refinery processing before export; Circular 14/2025 does not say so. Sudan Gold Refinery's "controls" are not held.

  مصدر واحد

• Minimum gold export contract 10 kg "or as MoIT decides" (Circular 17/2025 خامساً-2, from 5 Nov 2025); replaced on 13 May 2026 by a 1 kg minimum for free-gold export contracts (Circular 11/2026 item 3).

  النوع

  حصة التصدير

  الحد

  1 kg per free-gold contract since 13 May 2026 (10 kg, 5 Nov 2025 - 12 May 2026)

  سارٍ من

  2026-05-13

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 11/2026, item 3

  مصدر واحد

• Payment by advance payment or by confirmed sight documentary credit whose terms contain no condition on the goods such as overseas assay ("calibration"); L/C proceeds on acceptance of documents and at most 30 days from shipment (Circular 17/2025 ثالثاً-2; same for small-mining companies under 2/2025 ثالثاً-2, where advance payment must be transferred from abroad; tailings gold under 18/2026 items 2-3).

  النوع

  ضوابط العملة

  سارٍ من

  2025-11-05

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 17/2025, ثالثاً-2

  مصدر واحد

• CBOS prices gold for export daily at the international 24-carat price less USD 10 per ounce, in USD per gram, announced on the XAR system to MoIT and the unified gold export window; exporters are settled at this price and no shipment passes if the proceeds fall below the value at the announced price (Circular 13/2026). Exports must also be at international exchange prices (17/2025 ثالثاً-2).

  النوع

  ضبط الأسعار

  سارٍ من

  2026-05-13

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 13/2026, items 1-3

  مصدر واحد

• L/C proceeds within 30 days of shipment (17/2025 ثالثاً-2). Proceeds are credited to a "gold export account" in the exporter's name and may stay there at most 21 working days, after which the bank buys them for CBOS at its announced rate (ثالثاً-3). Free-gold proceeds may be used for the holder's imports or sold to any bank or CBOS (11/2026 item 1); since 13 May 2026 they may pay for any goods MoIT allows, through an import account where funds may stay at most 21 working days (12/2026). Banks may buy gold export proceeds if the exporter wishes (8/2026). Bank executives are personally liable for following up export proceeds (14/2026).

  النوع

  ضوابط العملة

  الحد

  30 days from shipment; 21 working days in the gold export account; 21 working days in the import account

  سارٍ من

  2025-11-05

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circulars 17/2025, 11/2026 and 12/2026, 17/2025 ثالثاً-2, ثالثاً-3

  ملاحظة الباحث: [conflict] Press reported a Sept 2025 rule reserving 70% of proceeds for strategic imports; no such rule is in any circular held (12/2026 deletes an item allowing 100% of free and tailings gold proceeds to be used for strategic imports, in import circular 2026/02, not held).

  مصدران

• Offences (MMDA s.32(1)): exploring without a licence - up to 2 years (أ); extracting without a mining contract - up to 3 years (ب); withholding production data - up to 5 years (ج); false information - fine of at least SDG 100,000 (د); transporting, exporting, storing, possessing or dealing in minerals or tailings without licence or Ministry permission - up to 5 years (هـ, 2019); refusing to pay fees, charges and royalties (ز, 2023); extracting or burning minerals or tailings without the prescribed controls - up to 5 years (و, 2019). Prison terms are with or instead of a fine; (ز) states no penalty. On conviction the court must confiscate the minerals, any profit and the equipment used (s.32(2)); General Criminal Court (s.33).

  النوع

  حظر التصدير

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: MMDA 2015, s.32(1), s.32(2), s.33

  ملاحظة الباحث: [transcription]

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• 13 May - 21 Sep 2026: CBOS bought 100% of tailings (mining-waste) companies' gold at its announced price after in-kind deduction of profits and royalties from total production (Circular 11/2026 item 2). Cancelled and replaced on 21 Sep 2026 by Circular 18/2026 (see sd.ctl-tailings-sale-2026-09).

  النوع

  احتكار الدولة

  سارٍ من

  2026-05-13

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 11/2026, item 2

  ملاحظة الباحث: [time-limited] Not in force since 21 Sep 2026. [conflict] The press (Actum) dated the rule June 2026; the circular is dated 13 May 2026.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Since 21 Sep 2026 (replacing sd.ctl-tailings-100pct): tailings companies may sell all their gold to CBOS, its delegate or exporters; tailings gold may be exported by advance payment (priced daily by CBOS) or confirmed sight L/C with proceeds within 30 days of shipment; proceeds held in a gold export account up to 21 working days and used for imports of activity needs after SMRC approval or sold to banks or CBOS; banks need CBOS written approval for each export.

  النوع

  ضوابط العملة

  سارٍ من

  2026-09-21

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: CBOS Circular 18/2026, items 1-6

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• The UAE, which took about 88-95% of Sudan's official gold exports, suspended trade with Sudan in August 2025, forcing a search for other buyers (Qatar refinery agreement, Egypt, Turkey, India, Hong Kong).

  النوع

  قيود الاستيراد

  سارٍ من

  2025-08-01

  مصدر ثانوي

  ملاحظة الباحث: UAE instrument not read; Bloomberg report blocked.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• UK asset freezes (16 Jul 2026) on three Sudanese state-owned mining companies - Omdurman Mining and Ariab Mining Company (suspected of generating gold revenue for the SAF) and Sudamin Company Ltd (suspected of channelling conflict-gold revenue to both SAF and RSF, incl. past links to Al Junaid) - plus RSF financier Abu Dharr Abdul Nabi Habiballa Ahmmed and UAE/HK-based procurement companies. Dealing with gold from these producers is now a UK sanctions risk even inside the lawful state channel.

  النوع

  العقوبات

  سارٍ من

  2026-07-16

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: The Sudan (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020

  ملاحظة الباحث: The designation notice for 16 Jul 2026 is [not-read]; list as given in the FCDO press release.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Transporting, exporting, storing, possessing or dealing in minerals or tailings whose source of production one does not own, without a licence or Ministry permission, is an offence (MMDA s.32(1)(هـ), added 2019; up to five years). Press reported that the Aug 2025 measures made holding undocumented gold illegal. Customs monitor the limit on worked gold carried by departing travellers under the Customs Disclosure Regulation 2015 (amended 2022, not held) (Circular 14/2025 ثالثاً-2(ب); 17/2025 رابعاً-2(ب)); a resident may take out up to ten ounces of worked gold registered in the passport (Currency Dealing Regulation 2013 art.8).

  النوع

  أخرى

  سارٍ من

  2025-08-21

  نص القانونغير مسجَّل

  الأساس القانوني: MMDA 2015, s.32(1)(هـ)

  ملاحظة الباحث: The Aug 2025 measure itself is [not-read] (press only). The Customs Disclosure Regulation is not held.

  مصدر واحد

• US designations under EO 14098: Al Junaid Multi Activities Co (RSF-controlled; gold mining and export since the 2017 takeover of Jebel Amer) on 1 Jun 2023; on 7 Jan 2025 RSF leader Hemedti and UAE companies incl. Al Zumoroud and Al Yaqoot Gold & Jewellers (bought Sudanese gold for the RSF and moved it to Dubai) and Capital Tap. No gold-specific US designations found in 2026 actions (Mar, Apr, Jun 2026).

  النوع

  العقوبات

  سارٍ من

  2023-06-01

  إرشاد رسمي

  الأساس القانوني: Executive Order 14098

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Dealers in metals or precious stones are "non-financial institutions" under the AML/CFT Act 2014 when they conclude cash transactions above a threshold the Minister sets by decision (s.3): customer due diligence (s.5), record keeping and suspicious-transaction reports to the Financial Information Unit (s.6).

  النوع

  مكافحة غسل الأموال

  الحد

  Cash transactions above the Minister's threshold (not found)

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act 2014, s.3, s.5, s.6

  ملاحظة الباحث: The Minister's threshold decision is not held.

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• EU ban on selling, supplying, transferring or exporting mercury (CN 2805 40) and sodium cyanides (CN 2837 11) to Sudan, with related services; humanitarian exceptions; sodium cyanide contracts concluded before 15 Jul 2026 may be executed until 16 Jan 2027.

  النوع

  العقوبات

  سارٍ من

  2026-07-15

  نص القانون

  الأساس القانوني: Council Regulation (EU) 2026/1724, art.1b

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Pre-war: 2022 exports worth USD 2.29bn to the UAE, small amounts to Italy, Egypt and Turkey.

  الأرقام: UAE USD 2.29bn (2022)

  مصدر ثانوي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• Official exports: 27.96 t / ~USD 1.6bn in 2024; 14.7 t / USD 1.536bn in 2025; gold is over 58% of export value. About 88% went to the UAE in Q1 2025 before the UAE suspension.

  الأرقام: 2024: 27.96 t / USD 1.59bn (SMRC; CBOS figure 22.92 t / USD 1.57bn); 2025: 14.7 t

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدران

• Declared production: 64.36 t in 2024 (artisanal 53.71 t / 83%; tailings 4.95 t; industrial 5.70 t); 53 t in the first nine months of 2025 in government-held areas; about 70 t for 2025 per exporters. RSF areas add perhaps 10 t (UN Panel estimate for 2024).

  الأرقام: 2024: 64.36 t; 2025 (9m): 53 t

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدران

• [conflict] Sharing of the artisanal royalty: the Traditional Gold Mining Regulation 2016 art.8 gives 50% to the national government and 50% to the producing state; MoF Decision 90/2021 gives the producing state and the locality 20% each of "traditional mining revenues" (federal column illegible). The later decision is presumably applied in practice [inferred].

  نص القانون

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• [conflict] Border declaration: the r1 model applied s.36 of the 2009 AML text (money, bearer instruments, metals and valuable gems). The 2014 Act in force (s.31) covers currency and bearer negotiable instruments only; traveller gold is governed by the Currency Dealing Regulation 2013 (ten ounces of worked gold) and the Customs Disclosure Regulation 2015 (not held).

  نص القانون

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• [conflict] Traditional mining contract fees: the MMDA 2015 Schedule sets issue at SDG 7,000 (plus 3,000 application, 40,000 regularisation, 15,000 new contract); the Traditional Gold Mining Regulation 2016 Schedule sets a licence of SDG 3,000 and contract fees from 7,000 (well) to 250,000 (large pit). The Minister may amend Act fees with the Finance Minister's approval (s.20(3)); no amending decision was found.

  نص القانون

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• [conflict] Concession royalty rate: the 2016 Exploitation Regulation (art.15) leaves the rate to the Minister by mineral and location and no gold decision was found, while secondary sources give 5-7% (USGS 2019) or "28.5% as royalties" (Sudan Transparency 2024). The model shows the USGS rate at secondary level.

  مصدر ثانوي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• [conflict] Press dated the single-buyer directive 16 Sep 2025 and reported 100% advance payment, a 21-day deposit and local refining for concession exports; Circular 14/2025 is dated 14 Sep 2025, covers only free and tailings gold and leaves concession and small-mining gold to Circular 2/2025, which allows advance payment or confirmed L/C and says nothing on refining.

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• [conflict] Press (Actum, June 2026) described "June 2026" measures under which CBOS buys 100% of tailings output; the rule is Circular 11/2026 of 13 May 2026 (item 2), and it was cancelled by Circular 18/2026 on 21 Sep 2026.

  إرشاد رسمي

  لا مصدر مسجَّل

• About 60% of production from SAF-held Northern, River Nile and Red Sea states goes informally to Egypt (100-280 kg a day reported), paid in Egyptian pounds and converted via the Bankak app, while official exports to Egypt were USD 16m (1%) in 2024. Driven by price gaps (Oct 2024: 21-carat USD 85/g in Egypt vs USD 55-60/g in Sudan).

  الأرقام: >60 t to Egypt since April 2023 (estimate)

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• The legal channel changed repeatedly: 21 Jan 2025 Circulars 2/2025 and 3/2025 (private exports of free and tailings gold); 14 Sep 2025 Circular 14/2025 (CBOS sole buyer and exporter, after Cabinet Decision 132/2025); 5 Nov 2025 Circular 17/2025 (reopening, 10 kg minimum); 13 May 2026 Circulars 11-13/2026 (1 kg minimum, CBOS daily price, 100% CBOS purchase of tailings gold, freer use of proceeds); 21 Sep 2026 Circular 18/2026 (tailings gold may again be sold to exporters and exported). Smuggling historically rises whenever the official price falls below neighbouring markets (press).

  إرشاد رسميغير مسجَّل

  ملاحظة الباحث: Dates official; the smuggling statement is secondary.

  مصدر واحد

• RSF-area gold (Jebel Amer, Darfur, West Kordofan) leaves via Chad, the Central African Republic, Libya and South Sudan (Raja - Entebbe) to the UAE; RSF looted about 1.3 t of unrefined gold from the Sudan Gold Refinery in May 2023.

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدران

• Most gold leaves outside the official channel: SMRC's director put 2024 smuggling at about 48%; exporters estimate 48-60%; 2025 official exports were 14.7 t against ~70 t produced. Pre-war estimates were 50-80% (Sudan Democracy First Group: 95-100 t produced a year, no more than 30 t reaching the treasury).

  الأرقام: 48-60% (2024-2025)

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• Both sides use state and military companies: the UK designated three state-owned miners (Omdurman Mining, Ariab, Sudamin) in July 2026 for financing the war; pre-war, senior officials used the Khartoum airport VIP lounge to fly gold out.

  مصدر ثانويغير مسجَّل

  مصدر واحد

• Minister's decision fixing the cash threshold above which dealers in metals and precious stones are covered (AML/CFT Act 2014 s.3); regulations fixing declaration amounts (s.31); the 2010 Act.

  المستند الناقص

  AML/CFT threshold decision and regulations

  أين قد يكون

  Sudan FIU; Ministry of Finance; MENAFATF mutual evaluation

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not on the CBOS site; no search budget left.

  يؤثر في

  sd.ctl-aml-dealerssd.ctl-cross-border

• Transitional Council of Ministers Decision No. 132 of 2025 (2 Sep 2025) approving the Supreme Committee for Economic Emergencies' recommendations, implemented by Circular 14/2025.

  المستند الناقص

  Council of Ministers Decision 132/2025

  أين قد يكون

  Council of Ministers secretariat; SUNA

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not published on any site reached.

  يؤثر في

  sd.law-cbos-2025-09-directivesd.reg-seec

• Council of Ministers Decision No. 98 of 2024, read with MoM Decision 45/2024, which presumably designates the competent authority under MMDA 2015 [inferred].

  المستند الناقص

  Council of Ministers Decision 98/2024

  أين قد يكون

  Ministry of Minerals; SMRC

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not on Minerals Gate.

  يؤثر في

  sd.law-mom-45-2024sd.reg-smrc

• Customs Disclosure Regulation 2015 (amended 2022): the limit on worked gold carried by travellers that customs enforce under Circulars 14/2025 and 17/2025.

  المستند الناقص

  Customs Disclosure Regulation 2015 and 2022 amendment

  أين قد يكون

  Sudan Customs Authority

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not published online in any source reached.

  يؤثر في

  sd.ctl-undocumented-goldsd.ctl-cross-border

• Consolidated English text of Council Regulation (EU) 2023/2147 (Annex I listings of RSF-linked gold companies).

  المستند الناقص

  Regulation (EU) 2023/2147, consolidated, English

  أين قد يكون

  EUR-Lex (bot challenge); Publications Office cellar 4271e473-908b-11f1-9262-01aa75ed71a1 (English expression number unknown)

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  The expression fetched (.0006) was Estonian; queued in laws/_work/sd-fetch.tsv.

  يؤثر في

  sd.law-eu-reg-2023-2147

• Specimens of the CBOS export approval, MoIT export licence, SSMO certificate, Sudan Gold Refinery certificate, customs declaration and certificate of origin for gold.

  المستند الناقص

  Gold export document specimens

  أين قد يكون

  Minerals Gate app (mineralsgate.com/app); Sudan Customs; SSMO

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not published; portal requires login.

  يؤثر في

  sd.dk-cbos-export-approvalsd.dk-export-licencesd.dk-ssmo-certsd.dk-refinery-certsd.dk-customs-exportsd.dk-coo

• CBOS import-procedures Circular 2026/02 (6 Jan 2026), amended by 12/2026, which sets the import account rules for gold proceeds.

  المستند الناقص

  CBOS Policies Department Circular 2026/02

  أين قد يكون

  cbos.gov.sd circulars page (after 15 April 2023)

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not queued this session; URL to be taken from the circulars index.

  يؤثر في

  sd.ctl-repatriationsd.st-32

• The Miscellaneous Amendments (Anti-Smuggling) Act 2019 and the Miscellaneous Amendments (Public Funds) Act 2023, known only as footnotes in the consolidated MMDA text.

  المستند الناقص

  Amending Acts 2019 and 2023

  أين قد يكون

  Ministry of Justice legislation database

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not on Minerals Gate; no search budget left.

  يؤثر في

  sd.law-mmda-2015sd.ctl-smuggling-offence

• Whether the Sudan Gold Refinery is operating after the May 2023 looting, and where export lots are now refined/assayed.

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  No source read addresses it.

  يؤثر في

  sd.st-14sd.st-20sd.ctl-local-refining

• The Minister's decision fixing the royalty percentage for gold produced by concession, small-mining and tailings companies (Exploitation Regulation 2016 art.15).

  المستند الناقص

  Minister of Minerals decision on gold royalty rates

  أين قد يكون

  Ministry of Minerals (Port Sudan); SMRC; Minerals Gate document list

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Not among the ten Minerals Gate documents (doc6 covers gypsum, salt and cement only).

  يؤثر في

  sd.tax-royalty-concessionsd.div-conflict-royalty-rate

• Instrument and scope of the UAE's August 2025 suspension of trade with Sudan, and whether it still applies.

  أين قد يكون

  UAE Ministry of Economy / Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs and Port Security

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Bloomberg and a secondary article blocked or timed out.

  يؤثر في

  sd.ctl-uae-suspension

• UK 2023 designations (Al Junaid, Tradive) and EU January 2024 listings of RSF gold companies were not confirmed from the notices.

  أين قد يكون

  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sudan-list-of-designations-and-sanctions-notices; EUR-Lex implementing regulations 2024

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  Guessed URLs returned 404; the GOV.UK notices page was withdrawn on 30 Jan 2026 and later notices moved to "Sudan: list of designations and sanctions notices" (not fetched).

  يؤثر في

  sd.ctl-uk-designations

• VAT or sales tax treatment of gold sales and exports.

  سبب عدم الحصول عليه

  No source found within the search budget.

• من السودان إلى الإمارات العربية المتحدة

• من السودان إلى الإمارات العربية المتحدة

• Chatham House, Gold and the war in Sudan (Mar 2025), ch.2 The securitization of Sudan's gold sectorفتح المصدر
  غير مسجَّلغير مذكورChatham House
• Actum Sudan: Sudan's Central Bank Ends Gold Export Monopoly (6 Nov 2025)فتح المصدر
  غير مسجَّلغير مذكورActum Sudan
• Chatham House, Gold and the war in Sudan (Mar 2025), ch.3 Gold production and trade during the warفتح المصدر
  غير مسجَّلغير مذكورChatham House
• منشور إدارة السياسات رقم (2025/3) - سياسات شراء وتصدير الذهب الحر وذهب شركات مخلفات التعدين (CBOS Policies Department Circular No. 2025/3: purchase and export of free gold and gold of mining-tailings companies)فتح المصدر
  قُرئ كاملاًOCRCentral Bank of Sudan (بنك السودان المركزي), General Directorate of Policies, Research and Statistics - Policies Department · قُرئ في 2026-09-29

  Read in full 2026-09-29 (laws-sd pass; log laws/_work/sd-log.md).

• Sudan Tribune: Sudan mining revenues surge as gold output hits 89% of target (23 Apr 2026)فتح المصدر
  غير مسجَّلغير مذكورSudan Tribune
• Eastleigh Voice: Sudan's Central Bank bans private gold sales, becomes sole legal exporter (16 Sep 2025)فتح المصدر
  غير مسجَّلغير مذكورEastleigh Voice
• Sudan Tribune: Sudan central bank eases gold export rules to boost forex inflows (14 May 2026)فتح المصدر
  غير مسجَّلغير مذكورSudan Tribune