Sectorial Policy On Water And Sanitation

Republic of Rwanda MINISTRY OF LANDS, ENVIRONMENT FORESTS, WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES SECTORIAL POLICY ON WATER AND SANITATION October 2004 2 ABREVIATIONS UTILIZED AMCOW African Ministerial Conference on Water ADB African Development Bank CDC Comité de Développement Communautaire EAC East African Community ELECTROGAZ Société de Production et de Distribution d’E lectricité, d’Eau et de Gaz FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Frw Franc Rwandais MDG Millenieum Development Goals MINAGRI Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage MINALOC Ministère de l’Administration Locale, des Affaires Sociales et du Développement Rural MINECOFIN Ministère des Finances et de la Planification Economique MINEDUC Ministère de l’Education, de la Science, de la Technologie et de la Recherche Scientifique MININFRA Ministère des Infrastructures MINISANTE Ministère de la Santé MINITERE Ministère des Terres, de l’environnement, des Forêts, de l’Eau et des Ressources Naturelles NBI Nile Basin Initiative NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non Governmental Organization PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SWAP Sector Wide Approach UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USD United States Dollar WB World Bank WSS Water Supply System WSSS Water Supply and Sanitation System 3 TABLE OF CONTENT 0 FOREWORD 04 1 INTRODUCTION 06 1.1 Definition of Sector 06 1.2 Background 06 (i) national Context 06 Physical Context 06 Socio-economic Context 07 Socio-political Context 08 (ii) regional and international Context 08 2 GENERAL ORIENTATION 09 (i) Vision2020 09 (ii) Poverty Reduction Strategy 09 (iii) National Investment Strategy 09 (iv) 7- year Government Program 10 (v) International Development Goals 12 3 SECTOR PRESENTATION 13 3.1 Statement of the sector problems 13 3.2 Sector Constraints and Potentialities 14 3.3 Principles of the sector Policy 17 3.4 Sector Vision 17 3.5 Sector Mission 18 3.6 Sector Objectives 18 (i) General Objectives 18 (ii) Specific Objectives 18 4 SECTOR STRATEGY IN BRIEF 18 5 PROGRAMS OF THE SECTOR 19 6 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 20 7 CONCLUSION 21 4 FOREWORD Rwanda, after the war and the 1994 genocide which destroyed major parts of its human and economic capital, is now in a situation where it is necessary to achieve considerable efforts of its rehabilitation and development. Hence, t his requires the adoption of an approach which targets key sectors and proposes appropriate strategic actions for a sustainable development. The country recognizes the impor tance of water and sanitation for the improvement of the living conditions of its population. Thus, better water resources management inevitably contributes to the reduction of poverty and to socio-economic development of the country. Since 1996, tremendous efforts have been made to launch a national policy for the management of water and sanitation sector that consists of strategies and programmes for the construction and rehabilitation of human resources, social and economic infrastructures , and, to finally develop a long term vision in order to provide better guidance for the development and the coordination in this sector. Based on the sector-based policy project on water and sanita tion developed in 1992, revised in 1997 and as well in 2001, Rwanda consequently formulated a new policy which defines guidelines for efficient use of resources and which also integrates new aspects such as decentralisation, participatory approach, privatisation and funding through programme approach. This policy is in harmony with MDG objectives and 2020Vision which cater that all of its population will have access to drinka ble water and to sanitation services. Also, this policy takes into account commitments taken through regional and international arrangements related to water resourc es management and environment. The drawing up of this document is the result of consultations and participations of national and international participants concerned with the water and sanitation sector in Rwanda. The last forum of consultations was held in MURAMBI/Gitarama from February 19 to 23, 2004. Hence, we thank all individuals who contributed to the preparation of this policy: partners from Ministries, representatives of the Provinces, of the decentralisation entities, of international financial institutions such as the WB, the ADB, UNICEF, UNDP and the FAO, of the civil society and finally of the private sector. 5 The ideas that emerged herewith will contribute to the development of the water and sanitation sector, and will ultimately lead to the improvement of the living conditions of the rwandese population. Prof. MUNYANGANIZI Bikoro Minister in charge of Water and Natural Resources 6 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of the sector Water, used by all sectors of socio-economic life, plays a major role in the socio- economic development of any given country. It is therefore indispensable to human and animal health and in the consumption level per capita and this often goes hand in hand with the development of the country. The agriculture depends on the availability of water which constitutes one of the limiting factors of agricultural output and productivity. Also, the i ndustry and energy sectors as well as institutions are among the greatest consumers of water. Finally, a certain quantity of national water, flowing outside of the country, cannot be considerably limited without negatively affecting the water need s of other countries. Indeed, the use of water is varied and in order for its utilization to be sustainable, it is quite necessary that a certain amount of water be devoted to the environmental conservation. With the population increase, water need s become more and more crucial and its sustainable use requires a rational management both at its resources level as well as its demand level. The water and sanitation sector is a major part of the economic infrastructures, the third pillar of 2020Vision and PRSP. Hence, the objective of the rwandese government, in this sector, is to improve the water resources management and the health of rural and urban localities as well as increase the drinking water services for the population. 1.2 Background National Context Physical context Rwanda, situated in the Great Lakes Region is characterized by topography which gradually rises from the East at an avera ge altitude of 1,250 m to the North and West where it culminates in a mountain range called “ Congo -Nile Ridge” varying from 2.200 m to 3,000 m and a volcano formations, the highest being 4,507 m high. This topography is characterized by a vast number of hills and mountains, a fact which results in high soil erosion and loss of water. 7 Rwanda possesses a dense hydrographic al network. Lakes occupy of 128,190 ha, rivers cover an area of 7,260 ha and waters in wetlands and valleys a total of 77,000 ha. The country is divided by water divide line called Congo -Nile Ridge. To the West of this line lies the Congo River Basin which covers 33% of the national territory and which receives 10% of the total national waters. To the East lies the Nile River Basin, whose area covering 67% of the territory , delivers 90% of the national waters. Rwanda is marked by a continental equatorial climate zones : (i) the high altitude region; (ii) the central plateau region and (iii) the eastern plateau and the western lowlands. The annual rainfall varies from 700 mm to 1400 mm in the East and in lowlands of the West, from 1200 mm to 1400 mm in central plateau and from 1300 mm to 2000 mm in the high altitude region with an average of 1200 mm per year. Socio-economic context: With an estimated population of about 8,162,175 inhabitants in 2002 and an annual population growth of about 3. 1%, Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa (density estimated at 310 inhabitants per square m³). With an urban population of only about 10%, the rwandese economy remains highly dependent on the rural sector, especially agriculture which contributes a little over 40% to the GDP and accounts for more than 80% of its export earnings. Factually, the agriculture depends largely on the effect of rain. According to a 1998 UNICEF study, 50% of the households spend at least 1/2 hour per day collecting a 20-liter jerrican of water, while a quarter more spend s over an hour per day. These estimates do not even take into account the considerable energy and effort that women and children put into transporting these jerricans. Water sources are usually found in valleys, at the foot of mountains and hills, whereas the people live on hill and mountain tops. The situation is quite worse in the east of the country, especially in the new province of UMUTARA where there are virtually no natural water sources and where it is therefore necessary for women and children to walk several kilometers before reaching the nearest water point . Rwanda possesses abundant water resources. However, the distribution of drinkable water is still inadequate and the rate of access in the country is estimated at 54% but does not exceed 44% in the rural areas. Regarding the 8 sanitation, even though over 80% of the cou ntry’s population has access to latrines, only 8% of these meet hygienic standards. The non-availability of drinking water has two main negative impacts on the community such as : (i) the time spent in fetching water which is lost in income- generating activities and particularly the scho oling of girls and (ii) the diseases caused by use of improper water with various consequences on health and social conditions of the population. Socio- political context: The Government of Rwanda implemented a reform pr ograms which will lead to a strong and sustainable economic growth, to the creation of new jobs and to the improvement of the social conditions of its population. In addition, social and political reform programs, which aimed at that improving the governance and at giving more responsibility to the population through a decentralization and democratiz ation process, were implemented. The implementation and the application of the decentralization favour this policy through operational community structures su ch as the CDCs. The creation of the Commun Development Fund is an example of a favoured framework that lead to the financing of beneficiaries. Applied to the WSSS sector, this pa rticipatory approach will allow i) to improve the level of community participation in rural infrastructures planification and management ii) to entrust the management of WSSS projects to CDCs and to build master for the private sector or for the users themselves, iii) to entrust the management of the installations to the users themselves, iv) to avoid the subsidy of investments which are requested by communit ies; and v) to institute a transparent, fair and decentraliz ed financing mechanisms. (iii) Regional and International Context Rwanda shares two water catchments (Nile and Congo) with neighboring countries: Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda for River Nile and the Democratic Republic of Congo for the Congo Basin. Rwanda, via the Akagera River, is the major source of the Nile. Indeed, the Akagera River is the most important tributary of Lake Victoria from which flows the River Nile. Regarding the Congo Basin, Rwanda contributes largely to feed Kivu Lake and Rusizi River. Rwanda must therefore collaborate with the neighboring countries of the Nile Basin for a common development of the basin’s management. 9 Because of the pertinent activities which take place in those basins, Rwanda has become a member of organizations whose objectives are to contribute to the regional cooperation development with neighboring countries in order to find possible solutions such as economic development, environmental protection, etc… Regarding the international cooperation, Rwanda is a member of organisms such as NEPAD, AMCAW, NBI, EAC, etc… 2 GENERAL ORIENTATIONS (i) 2020Vision o Access of all to drinking water and san itation o Integrated and sustainable water resource s management with focus on secured satisfactory water needs o Water collection, conservation and utiliz ation for an economic development. (ii) Poverty Reduction Strategy The sustainable improvement of the water and sanitation sector is essential and offers many advantages: (i) positive impact on maternal and children’s health; (ii) improvement and enrolment of schooling specially for girls; (iii) reduction of time passed in fetching water by women ; (iv) reduction of health expense services both for the households and for the Government, particular ly for the diseases related to water like diarrhea ; (v) increase of productivity because of better health. The main objectives of the sector are to : improve the water supply systems; optimize use of water in agricultural sector, energy production and transport; encourage the management of water supply infrastructure by communit ies; increase the access to the sanitation services; and reinforce the capacity building at all levels (central and district). (iii) National Investment Strategy The national investment strategy encourages studies of the conditions of involvement of the private sector and implementation of water supply systems in rural and urban areas at affordable cost s for the consumers. The state will 10 continue to play its leading role in the development of the water sector through the provision of the necessary infrastructure. The role of the private sector, which is solicited, was limited to the construction and furniture of the construction materiel for public tender. The policy will encourage the private participation in the mobilization of investments , the development and management of drinking water and sanitation infrastructures. The promotional mechanisms will be put into place . Local financing initiatives of activities in rural areas will be sustained. (iv) 7- year Government Program During the 7- year government program, the following sector -based reforms will be pursued: Institutional aspects A coordination framework of the sector that defines the role of the principal partners will be undertaken in order to avoid the dissipation of efforts. Legal and regulation instruments will delimit the responsibility of each partner . Decentralization For the water and sanitation sector, the existing implementation mechan isms will be reinforced and enabled to establish the decentralization at the lowest appropriate community level . Participatory Approach The sectoral policy of water and sanitation will develop participatory approach where the population and the stakeholders will play an active role in the planning and the execution of all activities related to the utiliz ation and the conservation of water. Program Approach The new policy stresses on a program approach which takes into account all sector activities formerly devo ted to projects. The advantages of this program approach lie in the coherence of the activities and in the respect of national priorities that all partners agree d on. Also, this program approach enables the focus of the major part of the investments on sustainable actions that greatly improve the sectoral indicators of the poverty reduction. 11 Reinforcement of the Roles of women and children The particular situation that emerged after the war and the genocide makes the women’s social group quite crucial and very vulnerable. In addition to their traditional responsibilities like fetching water for domestic use, women now acquired a new responsibility as household chief s. This role of fetching water is shared by the infants who, at school age, waste a lot of time performing these activities instead of attending school. Thus, each project that increases the access to drinking water and sanitation services should therefore take into account the concerns of these two groups. Participation of the Private sector The policy will encourage the private participation for the mobilization of investments and the development and management of drinking water and sanitation infrastructures. The promotional mechanisms will be put into place. Local financing initiatives of activities in rural area s will be sustained. Capacity building Capacity building programs will be implemented at all levels. These programs will include the development of technical and human capacities such a s training, information exchange, technology transfer, active participation in international fora, equipment acquisition and other domains in order to ensure efficien t sanitation and water resources management functions. Integrated Management by watershed Within the decentralization, this system favors the development and the coordinated management of water and related resources. It will be adopted and undertaken within the watershed. The principles of this policy of decentralization serve as proposed guidelines for necessary institutional aspects for the implementation of this integrated management by watershed. Monitoring and Assessment The monitoring and assessment of the implementation of the sector ial water and sanitation policy is an important stage that will allow better resource management and to ensure that objectives, strategies and actions will attain the expected results. And this being, the monitoring and assessment organs will be put into place at all levels (beneficiaries, decentralized entities and central structures). 12 (v) International Development Goals During the last thirteen years, consecutive world summits and conferences on population development have establish ed framework actions based on common goals and objectives: (i) United Nations Conference on human environment held in Stockholm; (ii) Rio de Janeiro conference (1972) which decided on action plans called « Agenda 21 »; (iii) World summit on sustainable development held in Johannesburg; (iv) and the NEPAD summits o Agenda 21 The United Nations Conference on environment and development held in Brazil had an objective to establish a new world balance of partnership in order to create new levels of cooperation between countries in key sectors. Concerning water, strong interest was focused on the development and on the integrated water resources management, water resources protection, water and sustainable development in towns and rural area s, and impacts of climate changes on water resources. o Millenium development Goals For water and sanitation, the United Nations has adopted, for this millenium, the following action plans: o Reduce the population margin that has no sustainable access to drinking water by 2015 ; o Develop water resources management frameworks ; o Increase the production benefits by water in irrigation systems for food security, suppression of the pressure on environment, promot ion of the possibility to use water in other productive sectors ; o Safeguard human lives by ensuring acceptable drinking water quality ; o Mobilize the financing of national resources investment needs in the water sector ; o Reinforce the institutions and techniques of the country in order to implement integrated water resources management policies ; o Protect the water surface quality and groundwater as well as the aquati c ecosystems and coastal regions. 13 Rwanda commits itself to reducing by half the percentage of the population that has no sustainable access to drinking water supply and sanitation by 2015. o The world Summit on Sustainable Development The Johannesburg World Summit consolidated the content of agenda 21 and convened on necessary actions for all countries in the implementation of the MDGs objectives. Concerning access to base drinking water and sanitation services which are the fundamental indicator for po verty reduction, the summit introduced a new concept to reduce by half the number of people without improved access to sanitation services by 2015. o The New Partnership for Africa ’s Development The new Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) is a vis ion and strategic framework for Africa’s renewal wh ose main objectives as the regards the sector are; (i) to eradicate the poverty; (ii) and to place African countries, both individually and collectively, on a path of sustainable growth and development 3 SECTOR PRESENTATION 3.1 Statement of the sector problem a) Insufficient infrastructure Despite all the efforts, the rate of water supply (54%) is still below the desired threshold. Daily consumption per capita in rural areas is put at 8.15 liters, a figure by far less than the consumption standard of 20 liters per capita. More than a third of drinking water supply infrastructures have to be rehabilitated. b) Insufficient expertise The water and sanitation sector is characterized by a number of programs an d activities whose implementation calls for expertise which is currently not available in the country. To attain the planned performance, concerned services depend on foreign experts whose services are very expensive. This situation is much more worrisome, particularly at local administration s level which are required to implement the government policy. 14 c) Insufficient data on the actual situation of the sector To date, the country's water resources are unknown. The existing database is poor. The little information that exists is scattered and sometimes badly kept. The establishment of an information system on water is therefore essential in order to have a reliable planning and decision making tool. d) Limited Intervention of the private sector Up to now, the private sector has not yet shown interest in investing in the establishment of water and sanitation infrastructure. Only two international enterprises are involved in the management of water infrastructure, one in the rural area, and the second h as just taken over the management of ELECTROGAZ. However, there is hope that through the sensitiz ation efforts currently deployed by the central government, private initiative will be stimulated for increased investment in this sector. e) Decentralization process non achieved In May 2000, the Government of Rwanda adopted a decentralisation policy and strategy with the objective of giving the population the power to make political, economic, social and technical decisions as well as decisions for the man agement of public property, mainly with a view to fighting poverty. The implementation of this policy and strategy is under way. In the water and sanitation sector, implementation of decentralisation had started earlier with the introduction of the participatory approach through the Rural Water and Sanitation Project. However, implementation is still dogged by lack of sufficient financial and skilled human resources to have it established firmly at the lowest level, i.e. at the grassroots level. 3.2 Sector Constraints and Opportunities Today, the major obstacles that face the development of water and sanitation are the following: (i) The institutional framework for the coordination of water resources management as well as the mechanisms for the monitoring and assessment is weak. (ii) The data regarding the importance of water resources are insufficient and fragmentary. This is the same for the importance of requirements 15 in drinking water, agriculture, and energy production and in industry. The scattered settlements do n’t favour the easy access of water to the population. And when the drinking water is available, all of the population have no access to it because of their low purchasing power. (iii) The participation of women in water infrastructures is insufficient and the analysis of gender problematic is not systematic (iv) The country is not yet equipped with drinking water quality, distribution and sanitation national standards . (v) Rain water harvesting techniques uses are not yet mastered and disseminated. (vi) Water used in agriculture sector is insignificant, because irrigation is not developed. Likewise in the industrial sector whereby the data uses are unknown and the waste water management inexistant. (vii) The water use for electricity production is still very low because it represents only 68% of total needs. But the production capacity exists in order to satisfy the demand which increases with the population growth. (viii) Despite the existence of watercourses and transboundary lakes open to navigation, transport and tourism are no t implemented as a way to develop the efficient use of water and to fight poverty. (ix) The very high population growth rate (3,1%) resulted in a remarkable reduction forest massifs and reforestation for the energy production domestic use. (x) The very important erosion of watershed doesn’t favour the normal replenishment of groundwater. (xi) The industry development and the demographical pressure are the cause of chemical and biological pollution that affects the population life. (xii) The funds allocated for the development of the sector are still insufficient and don’t meet the requirements. 16 (xiii) The human capacities to develop and manage the sanitation and water sector in a satisfactory matter are not yet sufficient in term of quality and quantity. (xiv) The mechanisms for the implementation of the decentralisation policy option as a way to achieve easily the development of all the population are not yet defined with regards to water resources development and management. (xv) At present, the water and sanitation sector is a prime concern for the government. The private sector and the consumers participate poorly in the investment and the management of water and sanitation infrastructures. (xvi) The hygiene and sanitation culture is not yet generalized. (xvii) Even if 80% of the population have pit latrines, we observe, nevertheless, that those who respect the hygienic conditions are less (xviii) By lack of appropriate infrastructures (collection systems for solid wastes and sewage waters, channeling for rain water, …), the sanitation conditions remain precarious and bring out a very low coverage rate (< 8%). (xix) The sanitation infrastructures cost s are very expensive. But public funds allocated for their development are scares. Potentialities  Rwanda has a good rainfall and a dense hydrographical network  Simple Water Supply Systems are managed by associatives. The management of complex systems by local communities is currently under study  Liberalization of water sector management  Existence of various laws, regulations and institutions governing water quality and sanitation services  Existence of various policies ( reforestation, forest protection, erosion control and protection of catchments basins, development of marshland)  Existence of an inventory of appropriate sanitation technologies  Receptiveness of the population to hygiene and sanitation education 17 3.3 Principles of the sector policy The water and sanitation sector -based policy is based on the following principles:  Each person has right to access to water services  Water has value and is a social and economic good  Priority should be awarded to safe guard the satisfaction of the county’s water needs  Men as well as women should equ ally participate in the water resource protection and management  Water resource management should be integrated a nd made watershed  Water use should be rational and should take into account the environmental concern  The quality and quantity standards of water should be respected  The polluters will have to pay for the damage thus created  The gender perspective should be taken into account at all levels of water management  The beneficiaries should be responsible of their water and sanitation services  Each rural water supply must systematically contain a sanitation component  The utilization of transboundary water resource should be equitable  All water sector partners should be involved in water resource management 3.4 Sector Vision  The entire population will have access to clean drinking water and sanitation services;  The water rainfall collection and retention techniques will be mastered and utilized for agricultural use  The natural water reservoirs especially forest s at high altitudes will be renewed and managed more appropriately  The water resources will be rationally managed and harmoniously integrated with regards to the national master plan on the space use  The population will be able to ensure the equitable and sustainable resource management  The production, protection, distribution and sanitation water infrastructures will be maintained by all users  Urban and rural areas will be in a healthy acceptable conditions  All households will have to acquire appropriate practices in hygiene and sanitation  Each town or development pole needs to acquire waste water and solid waste treatment units 18 3.5 Sector Mission To create favourable conditions for fair and sustainable access for the population, men, women and children, to water and sanitation infrastructure and to the development of natural resources 3.6 Sector objectives (i) General Objective The overall objective of the sector is to improve the living conditions of the population through optimal use of water resources and access of all to water and sanitation services (ii) Specific Objectives o Rational and sustainable management of water resource o Increased rate of access to drinking water o Increased rate of access to water of agro -livestock o Development of sanitation and promotion of hygiene o Mastery of water for environmental protection o Increased the use of water for energy production o Capacity building IV SECTOR STRATEGY IN BRIEF The strategies of water and sanitation services are:  Set up of politic, regulatory and institutional framework favourable to rational water resources management  Integration of gender to water resources management  Development of water supply systems and sanit ation services  Development of storage and conservation of water infrastructures for multiple uses (agriculture, energy, environment, tourism…)  Promotion of river and lacustrian transport The sector-based strategy, in coherence with the national strategy for poverty reduction and international and regional goals , was developed taking into account the SWAP approach, the good quality policy and the participation of all actors, in particular, all concerned communities in the good development of sector-based strategy and its implementation. The Medium Term Expenditure Framework was used to ensure the coherence between the strategy and available resources within the sector. 19 Also, the water and sanitation strategy is in complementary with national options such as : (i) labor intensive national policy ; (ii) gender aspect ; (iii) Information and Communication Technology ; (iv) the HIV/AIDS ; and (v) environmental concern. V PROGRAMS OF THE SECTOR o Water Resources Management Program The Government of Rwanda has engaged a preparation of strategic investment in the development and protection of the country’s water resources which are critical elements in the economic and social development s. The first phase of this program launched since 2003 comprise d of the following elements:  An Institutional component which will establish the policy basis, the legislative framework and the required institutional arrangements through which the function of water resources management will be undertaken by the government;  A Technical component which intend s in establishing : (i) an information system that enables the institutions in charge of water resources management to have better knowledge, at any time, of the current situation (water quality, quantity available,….) and to assess the critical issues on various sectors of the water use and to prepare the implementation of the pertinent solutions  A Human resource development component which enabl ing the assessment of the human resource development and capacity building needs ensures that the water resources management functions are efficiently and well performed at all levels. The current activities of Nile Basin Initiative strategic action plans and the African Ministerial Conference on Water, which Rwanda is a member, complement the activities proposed in this program. o Water supply and sanitation program in rural area In order to achieve the millennium goals and the 2020Vision, the Government of Rwanda launched 15 years water and sanitation program in rural area. This program aims to improve the population rate with access to water, presently at 44%, and increase the sanitation rate, presently at 8%, to 66% in 2010, to 80% in 2015 and 100% in 2020. 20 The approach used in the program is based on the demand of communities and conforms to the decentralisation policy adopted by the government. This approach leads the participation of the beneficiaries in the definition of WSSS sub-projects, the implementation and the management of the infrastructures through decentralized structures created by the government. The total estimated cost of the program is USD 925 millions o Water Supply System and Sanitation in urban area Presently, the investment program is elaborated for the City of Kigali. The other centers are considered as rura l centers because of their specificities ( housing, economic activities, organization, population,…) . The total estimated cost of the program is USD 750 Million for Kigali. VI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY The water and sanitation sector is a cross-sectorial domain. Many intervening parties such as state institutions, international organisms, NGOs, civil society and private sector are concerned. Their implication is indispensable particularly in the identification of requirements and programme definition, resources mobilization, execution, monitoring and programme assessments. Among ministerial institutions, the major partners are: MINECOFIN, MINAGRI, MININFRA, MINISANTE, MINEDUC and MINALOC.  The different ministries concerned by the water sector participate in an integrated manner in the identification, implementation and monitoring of water and sanitation projects  The donors should support the government in the implementation of projects, infrastructures managem ent and contribute in the financing  The private sector should participate in the execution of projects, infrastructures management and the financing of water and sanitation sector  The civil society and NGOs should support the decentralized entities in the implementation, management, training, … 21 VII CONCLUSION The implementation of this policy will enable a sustainable social development, based on poverty reduction, economic growth, food security and natural resources preservation of the country. I t will create a favourable environment for the development in order to achieve the objectives of this policy Active involvement of the private sector and support by the international funding institutions will be inevitable to achieve the objective of this policy.