Zimbabwe Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0) Country Statement (2025-2035)

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Overview of changes from NDC2.0 2 2. Zimbabwe’s vision and climate action context 5

2.1 Vision 2030 5

2.2 National greenhouse gas profile 5

2.3 Climate hazards and the national adaptation plan 6

2.4 NDC development and ambition raising 9 3. Mitigation priorities and actions 13

3.1 Baseline projection 13

3.2 The updated GHG mitigation contribution 14

3.3 Fairness and ambition 16

3.4 Conditionality 16

3.5 Co-benefits of identified mitigation measures 16

3.6 Sector level mitigation actions 17

3.6.1 Energy sector 17

3.6.2 Industrial Processes and Product use (IPPU) sector 21

3.6.3 Agriculture sector 23

3.6.4 Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector 24

3.6.5 Waste sector 27 4. Package of policies and strategies 29 5. Cross-cutting issues and enablers 34

5.1 Gender, Youth, Children and Inclusivity 34

5.2 Capacity building, Eucation, Training and Awareness 34

5.3 Finance, Innovation, Technology Development and Transfer 34 i ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Summary of changes from NDC2.0 to NDC3.0 2 Table 2 Sectorial adaptation priority outputs identified in the NAP 8 Table 3 Mitigation measures retained/added for progress tracking under NDC3.0 10 Table 4 Changes in historical and baseline scenario projections by selected years 14 Table 5 Analysis of selected mitigation potential from selected IPCC sector at national level 19 Table 6 Analysis of mitigation measures in the Energy sector 20 Table 7 Analysis of mitigation measures in the IPPU sector 22 Table 8 Analysis of mitigation measures in the Agriculture Sector 24 Table 9 Analysis of mitigation measures in the LULUCF sector 26 Table 10 Analysis of mitigation measures in the Waste Sector 28 Table 11 Polices, strategies, actions and plans related to climate change mitigation 30 ii ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Sectors contribution to GHG emissions (CO2eq.) without (a) and with (b) LULUCF, 2022 5 Figure 2 Net GHG emissions per Capita, 1990-2022 6 Figure 3 Drought probability by district in Zimbabwe 7 Figure 4 Floods probability by district in Zimbabwe 7 Figure 5 Historical emissions and baseline scenario projections by sector 15 Figure 6 Mitigation potential of 27 selected measures at national level 16 Figure 7 The BAU emissions profile for the energy sector (2010 – 2050) 16 Figure 8 Mitigation potential of 12 selected measures in the Energy sector 18 Figure 9 Mitigation potential of 4 selected measures in the IPPU sector 21 Figure 10 Mitigation potential of 2 selected measures in the agriculture sector 24 Figure 11 Mitigation potential of seven selected measures in the LULUCF sector 26 Figure 12 Mitigation potential of 2 selected measures in the Waste sector 28 iii ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land-Use BAU Business As Usual BTR Biennial Transparency Report BUR1 First Biennial Update Report CBIT Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency CFCs Chloro-fluorocarbons CH4 Methane CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CO2eq Carbon dioxide equivalent EMA Environmental Management Agency ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework GHG Greenhouse Gas GoZ Government of Zimbabwe GWP Global Warming Potential HFCs Hydro-fluorocarbons IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use MLAFWRD Ministry of Lands Agriculture, Fisheries Water and Rural Development MSW Municipal Solid Waste MSWD Municipal Solid Waste Disposal N 2O Nitrous Oxide NC4 Fourth National Communication NDC 3.0 Third Generation Nationally Determined Contribution NIR National Inventory Report NWC National Women Council PA Paris Agreement QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change iv ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT SUMMARY OF CHANGES FROM NDC2.0

1.1 BACKGROUND Forestland and Grassland in LULUCF sector (31.1%), fuel combustion activities in Energy Zimbabwe’s proposed mitigation pathways sector (7.2%) and Solid waste disposal to an ambitious and implementable NDC in Waste sector (5.4%). These selected were guided by the following factors from the categories contribute about 87% of national national development priorities and findings in CH4 emissions. In this regard the country the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6): took a position to reduce CH4 emissions by at least 20% compared to the 2035 BAU • The cost of inaction in the medium to long scenario. term is likely to be much higher than the cost The country’s proposed adaptation pathways of action. In this regard, while the country were guided by the following facts from the considers adaptation as the main priority, National Adaptation Plan (GoZ, 2024), Global mitigation actions have been identified as Adaptation Gap Report (UNEP, 2023) and the an option that will lessen the future burden global goal on adaptation referred to in Decision of national adaptation to climate change. 7/CMA.3 provisions on adaptation under IPCC’s • The IPCC further states that in order to Sixth Assessment Report (AR6): limit global average warming to 1.5°C, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will need to be reduced to about 43 to 48% by 2030, • Urgent need to accelerate and implement and 60 to 65% by 2035, relative to the 2019 adaptation action and support, considering levels. The country noted that following the efforts reported in adaptation some recalculations of its GHG emissions/ communications, Biennial Transparency removals and assessing the mitigation Reports (BTR), National Adaptation Plans, potential of the 17 measures under NDC2.0, NDCs and other relevant plans, strategies the national GHG emission reduction would and programmes. In this regard the country only go up to 28%. In this regard the country has included three more adaptation revised NDC2.0 to raise its ambition to sectors (Health, Tourism, and Forestry and reduce GHG emissions by at least 40% per biodiversity) in addition to the 4 reported in capita in the NDC3.0 compared to the 2035 NDC2.0 (Agriculture, Water, Infrastructure, Business-as Usual (BAU) scenario. and Early warning and Disaster Risk • Global CH4 emissions specifically would Management) to make a total of 7 sectors. need to be reduced by around one-third • The need to adopt and align with the United from 2019 levels by 2030. The country noted Arab Emirates (UAE) Framework for Global that from its GHG profile the major sources Climate Resilience to achieve the Paris of CH4 were cattle enteric fermentation Agreement Global Goal on Adaptation. In in Agriculture sector (43.6%), burning in this regard the NDC3.0 will embrace the 11 1 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT thematic and process-related targets of the the IPCC 2019 Refinements, and (4) population UAE Framework. This includes protecting growth trends. Table 1 shows the changes from cultural heritage from the impacts of NDC2.0 to NDC3.0. climate-related risks by developing adaptive strategies for preserving cultural practices The country has raised its ambition by increasing and heritage sites and by designing climate- its mitigation measures from 17 in NDC2.0 to resilient infrastructure, guided by traditional 27 in NDC3.0. In the NDC2.0 the estimated GHG knowledge and local knowledge systems. reduction from the 17 measures were 30,650 Gg CO2eq. in 2030 in absolute terms. For the same

1.2 OVERVIEW OF CHANGES FROM NDC2.0 year in NDC3.0 the estimated GHG reduction In assessing the achievement of measures from 27 measures were 41,489 Gg CO2eq. under the NDC2.0, the country has not been Comparing the mitigation potential for same on track to achieve its ambition due to various year (2030), the ambition increased by 35% factors. These factors include: (1) global geo- under NDC3.0 relative to NDC2.0. In 2035, the political situation, (2) limited climate finance, (3) 27 mitigation measures will result in absolute changes in methodological approaches under emissions reduction of 50,104 Gg CO2eq. under NDC3.0. Table 1 Summary of changes from NDC2.0 to NDC3.0 PARAMETER NDC 2.0 NDC3.0 Adaptation • Focused on Agriculture, Water, • In addition to the NDC2.0 sector coverage, Infrastructure, and Early Warning included Health, Forestry and biodiversity, and and Disaster Risk Management Tourism IPCC sectors covered • Energy, IPPU, LULUCF and Waste • In addition to the NDC2.0 sector coverage, in mitigation included Agriculture with two measures under livestock sub-category GHG profile covered • CO2, CH4, N2O and HFC (only R134a) • In addition to the four GHGs, included other HFCs (HFC23, HFC32, HFC125, HFC143a and HFC227ea) and PFCs in IPPU sector Global warming • SAR, 21 for CH4 and 310 for N2O • AR5, 28 for CH4 and 265 for N2O potential Methodological • 2006 IPCC Guidelines • 2019 Refinements of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines approach Historical emissions • National total emissions ranged • After recalculations: between 25,240 Gg CO2eq in 2011 • National total emissions ranged between 62,230 and 41,660 Gg CO2eq in 2015 Gg CO2eq in 2011 and 72,160 Gg CO2eq in 2015 • Emissions in 2017, 35,840 Gg • Emissions in 2017, 66,060 Gg CO2eq. CO2eq. • Emissions per capita in 2017, 4,695 kg CO2eq. • Emissions per capita in 2017, 2,450 kg CO2eq. 2 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT PARAMETER NDC 2.0 NDC3.0 BAU scenario • 2030 Baseline, 75,390 Gg CO2eq. • 2030 Baseline (recalculations), 117,720 Gg projections • Population, 19.5 million CO2eq. • Energy, 26,620 Gg CO2eq. • Population, 17.2 million • IPPU, 4,200 Gg CO2eq. • Energy, 23,100 Gg CO2eq. • AFOLU, 41,570 Gg CO2eq. • IPPU, 12,580 Gg CO2eq. • Waste, 3,000 Gg CO2eq. • AFOLU, 78,620 Gg CO2eq. • Waste, 3,420 Gg CO2eq. • 2035 Baseline, 125,769 Gg CO2eq. • 6,706 kg CO2eq./capita • Population, 18.8 million • Energy, 22,717 Gg CO2eq. • IPPU, 12,511 Gg CO2eq. • Agriculture, 30,320 Gg CO2eq. • LULUCF, 56,499 Gg CO2eq. • Waste, 3,719 Gg CO2eq. Mitigation potential • Total emissions in 2030, 44,740 Gg • Total emissions in 2035, 73,789 Gg CO2eq. (40% CO2eq. (40% emission reduction) emission reduction) • Estimated reduction, 30,650 Gg • Estimated reduction, 50,104 Gg CO2eq. CO2eq • Energy, 5,715 Gg CO2eq. avoided • Energy, 4,200 Gg CO2eq. avoided • IPPU, 1,229 Gg CO2eq. avoided • IPPU, 450 Gg CO2eq. avoided • Agriculture, 2,097 Gg CO2eq. avoided • LULUCF, 25,350 Gg CO2eq. removed • LULUCF, 39,774 Gg CO2eq. removed • Waste, 650 Gg CO2eq. avoided • Waste, 1,288 Gg CO2eq. avoided Mitigation measures • 17 Mitigation measures • 27 Mitigation measures • Energy, 8 • Energy, 12 • IPPU, 4 • IPPU, 4 • LULUCF, 3 • Agriculture, 2 • Waste, 2 • LULUCF, 7 • Waste, 2 Per capita emissions • 3,900 kg CO2eq./capita (BAU) in • 6,830 kg CO2eq./capita (BAU) in 2035 reduction 2030 • 3,934 kg CO2eq./capita (with mitigation) in 2035 • 2,300 kg CO2eq/capita (with mitigation) in 2030 3 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT 4 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT ZIMBABWE’S VISION AND CLIMATE ACTION CONTEXT

2.1 VISION 2030 rehabilitation of degraded mined areas, climate change adaptation and mitigation, as well as Zimbabwe has made substantial progress in sustainable management of natural resources. integrating climate change into the national development processes. Zimbabwe’s Vision

2.2 NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS PROFILE 2030 aspiration to attain an “Empowered and Prosperous Upper Middle-Income Society The total national GHG emissions in 2022 were by 2030” will be attained if climate change estimated at 83,118.72 Gg CO2eq., while total is integrated across different sectors. This national GHG removals in the same year were however requires taking urgent action to 201.97 Gg CO2eq., giving a net total of 82,916.75 address climate change related impacts as Gg CO2eq. Total emissions with and without these might be a handicap to realize Vision 2030. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry The Zimbabwe National Development Strategy (LULUCF) are shown in Figure 1. Emissions 1 recognizes environmental protection, climate from LULUCF sector dominated the national resilience and natural resources management GHG profile largely due to deforestation, forest as key enablers for the realization of Vision degradation and biomass burning. This was 2030 and the sustainable development agenda. followed by emissions from the Agriculture, The focus of environmental protection, climate Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use resilience and natural resource management is (IPPU), and lastly the Waste sector. on sustainable management of wetlands, the Figure 1 Sectors contribution to GHG emissions (CO2eq.) without (a) and with (b) LULUCF, 2022 5 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT The net GHG emissions increased by 43% from emissions from 1993 apart from the years 1998, 3,813.96 Gg CO2eq./Capita in 1990 to 5,462.61 2003 and 2022 that has emission spikes largely Gg CO2eq/Capita in 2022 (Figure 2). However, due to considerably high biomass burning in there has been a general decrease in per Capita Forest land and Grassland during these years. Figure 2 Net GHG emissions per Capita, 1990-2022

2.3 CLIMATE HAZARDS AND THE NATIONAL to climate change. Floods occur in low lying ADAPTATION PLAN areas, overflowing dams, river confluences, and The extreme climatic disasters experienced upstream (as backlash), and tropical cyclones in Zimbabwe are largely the droughts, floods paths (Figure 4). Occurrence of floods has and heatwaves that have had a big effect on spread to areas that were previously unaffected. socioeconomic systems. Drought exposure Zimbabwe has been badly impacted by tropical and vulnerability vary substantially throughout cyclones Eline (2000), Japhet (2003), Dineo the country with dire consequences on (2017), Idai (2019); tropical storms Chalene communities depending on climate sensitive (2020), Eloise (2021), Ana (2022), and Freddy natural resources (Figure 3). Recent droughts (2023). With anticipated increase in the were experienced in 2012-13, 2015-16, 2018- incidence and intensity of tropical cyclones, 19 and 2023-24 seasons, and there is a thunderstorms and hailstorms floods and flash significant possibility of increased occurrence floods are in future expected to be on the rise of droughts in future with greater severity due especially over the low-lying areas. 6 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Figure 3 Drought probability by district in Zimbabwe Figure 4 Floods probability by district in Zimbabwe 7 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT The Government of Zimbabwe has since The two strategic priorities of NAP are: (1) developed the National Climate Change Climate change adaptation mainstreamed Adaptation Plan (NAP) as a transformative and sustained; and (2) Effective and efficient strategy in addressing climate change by taking climate risk management. The NAP identified climate consideration in planning, budgeting, 18 priority adaptation outputs in seven sectors decision making in all developmental processes. namely: agriculture, water, health, tourism, The goal of the NAP is to integrate Climate forest and biodiversity, infrastructure and change adaptation in development policies, human settlements. Table 2 shows of these strategies, plans programmes and activities. priority adaptation outputs. Table 2 Sectorial adaptation priority outputs identified in the NAP SECTOR ADAPTATION PRIORITY OUTPUTS COSTING USD Agriculture • Improved weather access and to climate information services 4.77 billion • Climate Smart Agriculture practices adopted • Agriculture technologies promoted • Frameworks for sustainable intensification and commercialization of agriculture developed • Efficient value chains and markets for crop and livestock established. Water • Water resources developed and sustainably managed including 3.55 billion catchment management and wetlands protection • Water use efficient systems adopted and Health • Integrate climate change, weather and climate information into the health 0.5 billion surveillance and information system • Improved research and response to climate-related diseases Infrastructure • Climate resilient infrastructure standards developed and adopted 0.16 billion Human • Increased integration of climate in spatial planning 1 billion settlement • Populations at risk from climate related hazards relocated Forestry and • Enhanced alternative natural resource-based livelihoods options 0.12 billion biodiversity • Improved biodiversity and reduced habitat loss Tourism • Promotion of Climate Smart infrastructure products and facilities 0.21 billion • Establishment and or support of Eco-tourism enterprises • Adoption of Circular economy practices by the hospitality industry. Total costing 10.31 billion Zimbabwe requires about USD 10.31 billion for As the Government of Zimbabwe implements implementing the adaptation actions between its National Adaptation Plan, which is hinged on 2023 and 2030. This amount is over and above mainstreaming climate change in development the finances that the country is receiving from planning, Treasury has, since 2022, consistently treasury, bilateral and multilateral sources of set aside budgetary allocations for climate funds, grants, innovative finances among others. change management. 8 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT

2.4 NDC DEVELOPMENT AND AMBITION RAISING The Technical Working Group on NDC working at different levels of authority from directors, under the Climate Change Mitigation wing within managers to officers and other. All the 5 IPCC the Institutional Arrangements for Transparency sectors were fully represented. under the Climate Change Management Department conducted a detailed economy- From the 17 measures in the Revised NDC wide analysis to establish the mitigation (NDC 2.0) of 2021 a total of 14 measures were ambition for 2035. A total of 76 mitigation retained for progress tracking in the NDC3.0 measures were identified, 57 of which were development (Table 3). The mitigation measures from the national reports of previous mitigation halted included measures energy efficiency assessments, namely the National Climate improvement in five sectors, and 2% biodiesel Change Response Strategy (GoZ, 20141); from the energy sector that were set on halt due Initial NDC (GoZ, 20152); Zimbabwe Long-term to technical challenges with their take-off. In Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development the process of ambition raising 13 additional Strategy (GoZ, 20223); Zimbabwe Revised NDC measures added in the NDC3.0, mainly 8 from (GoZ, 20214); Zimbabwe First Biennial Update the Energy sector, 2 from Agriculture, and 3 Report (GoZ, 20215) and the Fourth National from LULUCF. The 7 measures in the LULUCF Communication (GoZ, 20226). The other 19 included revisions of the measures from NDC measures were identified from consultations 2.0 (Table 3). with stakeholders during the implementation of the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) project. Individual consultations and group discussions were conducted during the training component of the assignment in which participants from the public, private and other sectors, including academia were selected 1 GoZ (2014) Zimbabwe’s National Climate Change Response Strategy. Ministry of Environment Water and Climate, Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ), Harare. 2 GoZ (2015) Zimbabwe Nationally Determined Contributions. Ministry of Environment Water and Climate, Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ), Harare. 3 GoZ (2022) Zimbabwe Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy (2020-2050). Government of Zimbabwe, Harare. 4 GoZ (2021) Zimbabwe Revised Nationally Determined Contribution. Government of Zimbabwe, Harare. 5 GoZ (2021) Zimbabwe’s First Biennial Update Report 2020. Ministry of Environment, Climate, Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Government of Zimbabwe, Harare. 6 GoZ (2022) Zimbabwe Fourth National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Climate, Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ), Harare. 9 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Table 3 Mitigation measures retained/added for progress tracking under NDC3.0 NO. MITIGATION MEASURE MAIN INDICATOR AMBITION NDC2.0 NDC3.0 Transmission and distribution losses Percentage loss 18% in 2020 to 11% in 2025 16% in 2022 to 11% in reduction reduced 2030 and maintain to 2035 Expansion of grid-connected solar MW added 300 MW in 2025 300 MW in 2035 Expansion of microgrids MW added 2 MW by 2028 2 MW by 2035 Biogas energy production MW added 4.1 MW in 2024 4.1 MW in 2035 Energy efficiency Improvements in Percentage Agriculture: 12% Set on halt agriculture, commercial, domestic, energy savings Commercial: 16% manufacturing and mining sectors added by 2030 Domestic: 22.08% Manufacturing: 18.63% Mining: 8% Biodiesel in fuel Percentage 2% by 2030 Set on halt biodiesel added Fuel efficiency improvement through fuel economy Annual Motorcycles: 2.2% Set on halt policy 2025-2030 percentage Light Duty Vehicles: 2.9% efficiency added Buses: 2.6% Heavy Duty Vehicles: 2.5% Public transport (modal shift) from private Percentage shift 5% in 2030 Set on halt car to public transport in 2030 Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power MW added Not included 160 MW by 2029 plant 500 MW by 2033 1,000 MW by 2036 Repurposed small thermal MW of solar Not included 200 MW by 2028 added Minimum energy performance standard: GWh saved Not included 135 GWh by 2030 domestic refrigeration 188 GWh by 2035 328 GWh by 2050 Minimum energy performance standard: GWh saved Not included 302 GWh by 2030 distribution transformers 498 GWh by 2035 1,299 GWh by 2050 Minimum energy performance standard: GWh saved Not included 188 GWh by 2030 room air conditioners 279 GWh by 2035 363 GWh by 2050 Minimum energy performance standard: GWh saved Not included 63 GWh by 2030 lighting 57 GWh by 2035 40 GWh by 2050 Wind power plant MW added Not included 500 by 2035 10 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT NO. MITIGATION MEASURE MAIN INDICATOR AMBITION NDC2.0 NDC3.0 Industrial energy efficiency improvement Energy intensity Not included 8% reduction by 2035 per GDP $ Increased clinker substitution with fly ash Percentage of 16% by 2030, 20% by 2050 17% by 2035 clinker substituted Increased clinker substitution with BFS (up Percentage of 16% by 2030, 20% by 2050 17% by 2035 to 16% by 2030, 20% by 2050). clinker substituted Decomposition of N2O emissions through Percentage of N2O 75% by 2023 75% by 2030 use of a secondary catalyst during nitric decomposed acid production. HFC Phasedown schedule Kigali Reduced HFCs Freeze by 2024; 10% Freeze by 2024; 15% Amendment reduction by 2029 reduction by 2035 Improved feed for cattle Added proportion Not included 5% of cattle on of cattle under improved feed by 2035 improved feed Improved livestock health for cattle Added proportion Not included 10% of cattle on of cattle on improved health by improved health 2035 Increase area of forest land from 9.9 million Added natural Add 100,000 hectares of Redefined hectares to 10.4 million hectares by 2025 forest natural forest land per year between 2021 and 2025 Increase area of forest plantation from Added plantation Add 10,000 hectares of Redefined 68848 hectares to 118848 hectares by forest plantation forest land per year 2025 between 2021 and 2025 Reduce area burned Reduced area 500,000 hectares between Redefined burnt 2020 and 2025 Plant 2000 hectares of degraded and fallow Added natural Included, with different target 2,000Ha/year land annually with native trees, Includes forest (L1) natural regeneration and enrichment planting Increase area of forest plantation from Added plantation Included, with different target 7,000 ha/year 68848 hectares to 118848 hectares by forest (L2) 2025 Reduce the area of natural forest burned Reduced area Included, but aggregated (L3) 50,000 ha/year from by 50,000 hectares compared to the area burnt 2023 to 2035 burned in 2020 Reduce the forest plantation area burned Reduced area Included, but aggregated (L3) 2,000 ha/year by 2,000 hectares compared to the area burnt burned in 2022 11 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT NO. MITIGATION MEASURE MAIN INDICATOR AMBITION NDC2.0 NDC3.0 Reduce wooded grassland area burned Reduced area Included, but aggregated (L3) 30,000 ha/year by 30,000 hectares compared to the area burnt burned in 2022 Plant exotic trees on degraded and fallow Added area of Not included 5,000 ha/year planted land in tobacco growing areas, adding exotic trees 5,000 hectares per year plantation Conservation tillage (CT) Added area under Not included 100,000 ha in 2022 to CT 200,000 ha in 2035 Waste to Energy: It was assumed that Proportion of solid 42% by 2030 42% by 2035 42% of the methane generated would be waste diverted collected and used for energy production from disposal site through waste to energy projects to power plant Organic matter composting Percentage of 20% in 2030 20% in 2035 organic matter composted 12 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT MITIGATION PRIORITIES AND ACTIONS

3.1 BASELINE PROJECTION The historical and projected Business-as-Usual to 125,769.11 Gg CO2eq. in 2035, an increase (BAU) scenario emissions for all IPCC sectors by 89% compared to the 2022 emissions (Table are shown in Figure 5. The total national GHG 4) emissions under BAU are expected to increase Figure 5 Historical emissions and baseline scenario projections by sector 13 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Table 4 Changes in historical and baseline scenario projections by selected years EMISSIONS BY SECTOR (GG CO2EQ.) NATIONAL YEAR ENERGY IPPU AGRICULTURE LULUCF WASTE (GG CO2EQ.) 2010 9,478.77 5,331.28 16,945.09 28,583.62 1,884.49 62,223.26 2015 12,546.34 4,309.84 17,067.21 36,012.37 2,224.75 72,160.50 2020 10,302.34 3,787.78 14,563.85 29,889.93 2,767.85 61,311.74 2021 11,489.95 3,833.64 15,141.67 33,226.31 2,906.54 66,598.11 2022 12,777.88 3,725.41 19,400.58 43,992.21 3,020.67 82,916.75 2025 19,368.33 5,170.76 22,064.92 46,467.34 3,140.80 96,212.15 2030 23,100.95 12,578.49 27,509.12 51,113.01 3,417.32 117,718.90 2035 22,719.17 12,511.45 30,320.48 56,498.61 3,719.41 125,769.11 2010 vs 2035, % change +140 +135 +79 +98 +97 +102 2015 vs 2035, % change +81 +190 +78 +57 +67 +74 2020 vs 2035, % change +121 +230 +108 +89 +34 +105 2022 vs 2035, % change +98 +226 +100 +70 +28 +89

3.2 THE UPDATED GHG MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION The assessed mitigation measures in all sectors The projected trends in the BAU and mitigation are expected to reduce the 2035 BAU emissions scenarios are given in Figure 6. Emissions by 49,945.40 Gg CO2eq. through a total of 27 removals are projected to increase from 19% in economy-wide mitigation measures (Table 5). 2023 to 40% in 2035. 14 Table 5 Analysis of selected mitigation potential from selected IPCC sector at national level SECTOR ANNUAL AMOUNT AND PROPORTION OF GHG REMOVED FROM SECTORAL AND NATIONAL TOTAL EMISSIONS BY YEAR (GG CO2EQ.) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2028 2030 2035 GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % 1 Energy 436.14 3.51 460.59 2.93 653.01 3.37 1,201.58 4.83 3,450.28 14.42 4,150.77 17.97 5,715.76 25.16 2 IPPU 44.93 1.15 72.78 1.60 139.63 2.70 210.55 4.07 366.89 7.10 627.13 4.99 1,229.03 9.82 3 Agriculture 1,289.33 6.37 1,369.92 6.48 1,455.54 6.60 1,643.17 6.82 1,854.98 7.05 1,970.92 7.16 2,097.22 7.16 4 LULUCF 23,490.96 52.44 26,490.53 58.07 27,591.35 59.38 28,717.54 60.66 31,042.48 63.13 33,452.62 65.45 39,774.00 70.40 5 Waste 341.00 11.23 341.00 11.04 341.00 10.86 341.00 10.50 341.00 10.15 1,288.00 37.69 1,288.00 34.63 National 25,602.36 30.33 28,734.82 31.88 30,180.53 31.37 32,113.84 29.88 37,055.63 32.62 41,489.44 35.24 50,104.01 39.84 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT 15 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Figure 6 Mitigation potential of 27 selected measures at national level

3.3 FAIRNESS AND AMBITION climate change but also from co-benefits such as green jobs, improved health and air quality Zimbabwe’s updated target represents a fair and better access to energy. The scope of gases and ambitious contribution. Zimbabwe is a covered by the mitigation contribution will be highly vulnerable country to the impacts of expanded to include Black Carbon and HFCs climate change and the priority is to enhance from combustion, upon availability of financial climate resilience. Despite this, Zimbabwe resources. This will be assessed for their is committed to ensuring a fair contribution mitigation potential as well as any co-benefits to the Paris Agreement by demonstrating associated. For this reason, co-emitted air enhanced ambition, through an expansion of pollutants will also be included in the analysis. the mitigation contribution.

3.4 CO-BENEFITS OF IDENTIFIED MITIGATION

3.4 CONDITIONALITY MEASURES The mitigation contribution outlined above Using solar PV to power irrigation water is conditional on appropriate international pumps is an adaptation measure because of support. The total investment cost of meeting the erratic and little rainfall in some parts of the mitigation contribution is approximately the country. The use of solar energy results in US$ 19 billion. However, it should be noted that reduced demand of grid and diesel-generated not all of this will be new additional cost – some electricity, and hence a reduction in greenhouse of the investments are already being made for gas emissions. Around 2,300 GgCO2eq. of non-climate reasons, for example investments emissions will be avoided in 2035 by using into the energy sector. Furthermore, the cost solar PV to irrigate 200,000 ha of land. data does not consider the expected benefits of climate action, both in terms of avoiding future 16 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT

3.5 SECTOR LEVEL MITIGATION ACTIONS using more energy-efficient transmission and distribution cables. Efforts to increase access

3.5.1 Energy Sector to electricity over the years resulted in high Currently, Zimbabwe is failing to meet its power technical losses (by extending the grid). demand. The large hydropower plant, whose installed capacity is 1,050 MW is operating at The Ministry of Energy and Power Development 185 MW because of water shortages. To reduce (MoEPD) with funding as well as technical the power deficit the GoZ intends to refurbish assistance of the United Nations Environment the old generating units at the coal-powered Programme (UNEP)’s United for Efficiency Hwange Power Station in 2025 and raise its (U4E) is implementing the Cooling MEPS efficiency to around 40% and increase the targeting domestic refrigerators and room capacity by 400 MW. The GoZ is also planning air-conditioners in partnership with the SADC to build a 720 MW coal plant and commission Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy it in 2026. The Figure 7 shows that emissions Efficiency (SACREEE), the Standard Association will peak in 2026 at around 24,900 GgCO2eq of Zimbabwe and the National Ozone Unit (NOU) and decrease to 23,100 GgCO2eq in 2030, and in the Ministry of Environment, Climate and to 22,700 GgCO2eq in 2035. Wildlife. The trainer the trainer workshop aimed at building technical capacity of Government During the period 2025-2035 the Energy agencies so that they can provide trainings Industries and Other sectors will be the top on MEPS to a wide audience at regional level 2 emitting source categories. Out of the 12 to ensure smooth implementation of the mitigation projects, seven are from the Energy project was conducted in August 2024 and Industries (power generation and evacuation) three (3) regional workshops were conducted and the remaining five are from Other Sectors in September, October and November 2024 and Manufacturing Industries and Construction. as part of the implementation of the Cooling Zimbabwe is experiencing severe power MEPS for Zimbabwe. The objectives of the shortages and more than 70% of its electricity regional training workshop were to build is coming from coal plants (as of February capacity to practitioners in refrigeration and 2025) and cannot afford to have Transmission air-conditioning and to raise public awareness and Distribution losses hovering around 18% on the Cooling MEPS programme. Overall, 182 of the electricity sold. The minimum energy individuals participated at regional training performance standards (MEPS) on distribution workshops. transformers will go a long way in reducing the technical losses. Other measures that are being Promotion of microgrids will result in improved taken to reduce these technical losses include access to electricity without increasing transmitting electricity at large voltage and transmission and distribution losses. 17 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Figure 7 The BAU emissions profile for the energy sector (2010 – 2050) The CCGT plant, that will run on natural gas, will The demand for cooling (both refrigeration start with 160 MW in 2029 and will be ramped and air-conditioning) is expected to increase up to 500 MW in 2033 and finally to 1000 MW in as temperatures soar due to global warming. 2036. Although it is a fossil fuel, natural gas can Coming up with minimum energy performance replace coal and reduce emissions considerably. standards for refrigerators and air-conditioners The 500 MW wind plant, the repurposed 200 will save electricity and reduce emissions at MW solar power plant, 300 MW solar plant, the coal power plants and transmission and microgrids expansion and 4.1 MW biogas power distribution networks. plant are renewable energy projects and will go a long way to reduce emissions. Figure 8 Mitigation potential of 12 selected measures in the Energy sector 18 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT The mitigation potential for lighting MEPS in ten companies in 2017. The audits provided will increase from 50 GgCO2eq in 2026 and baselines of potential energy, cost and GHG peak in 2030 at 58 GgCO2eq before gradually emissions reductions in the industry sector decreasing to 50 GgCO2eq in 2035. In 2013 which is one of the biggest consumers of energy. Zimbabwe replaced incandescent lamps with Industry (mining and manufacturing) consumes energy savers in the residential sector, free of 50% of the electricity sold. The National Energy charge, and saved up to 42 MW. Efficiency Policy and the Energy Management Regulations that are expected to be launched Biodegradable waste is a nuisance in most and gazzeted in 2025 will promote energy urban centres. Its conversion to biogas for use efficiency improvement in the industry sector. in generating electricity will result in reduced The industrial energy efficiency improvement methane emissions in the waste sector, and project is expected to start in 2027 and around emissions (especially carbon dioxide) at the 2,800 TJ of energy is expected to be saved power stations as part of the grid electricity annually in the sector. These energy-savings will be replaced by that from the biogas power will result in reduction of emissions of around plants. About 9.3 GgCO2eq will be avoided each 50 GgCO2eq in 2027 and 443 GgCO2eq in 2035. year till 2035. The historical grid emission factor The energy intensity of GDP was 8 MJ/ GDP increased from 0.55 kgCO2eq/ kWh in 2021 to in 2017, 3.7 MJ/GDP in 2023 and is projected 0.86 kgCO2eq in 2023. It is expected to plateau to decrease gradually to 2.5 MJ/GDP in 2035, at 0.92 kgCO2eq / kWh during the period 2026- under the BAU scenario. With energy efficiency 2030 and decrease to 0.87 in 2035. the 2035 intensity will be 2.3 MJ/GDP which is 8% below the BAU. Zimbabwe, with the Technical Assistance from the CTCN, carried out energy and water audits 19 20 Table 6 Analysis of mitigation measures in the Energy sector ENERGY SECTOR MITIGATION ANNUAL AMOUNT AND PROPORTION OF GHG REMOVED FROM TOTAL SECTOR EMISSIONS BY SELECTED YEAR (GG CO2EQ.) LEAD AGENT MEASURE 2023 2024 2025 2026 2028 2030 2035 GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % Transmission and 429.59 3.5 454.04 2.9 570.92 2.9 706.36 2.8 803.26 3.4 812.15 3.5 853.58 3.8 ZETDC distribution loss reduction Expansion of grid-connected 6.55 0.05 6.55 0.04 72.78 0.4 109.16 0.4 181.94 0.8 254.72 1.1 436.66 1.9 ZPC solar (300 MW added) Biogas energy production PS NA PS NA 9.31 0.05 9.31 0.04 9.31 0.04 9.31 0.04 9.31 0.04 Local Authority (4.1 MW biogas plant) MEPS in domestic ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT PS NA PS NA PS NA 78.54 0.3 101.12 0.4 123.71 0.5 163.87 0.7 MoEPD&ZERA refrigeration (save 188 GWh) MEPS in distribution transformers (save 498 PS NA PS NA PS NA 147.21 0.6 209.82 0.9 276.83 1.2 434.61 1.9 MoEPD&ZETDC GWh) MEPS in room air PS NA PS NA PS NA 101.00 0.4 137.18 0.6 172.28 0.7 243.08 1.1 MoEPD&ZERA conditioners (save 279 GWh) MEPS in lighting (save 57 PS NA PS NA PS NA 50.00 0.2 55.43 0.2 58.08 0.3 49.66 0.2 MoEPD&ZERA GWh) Wind power plant (add 500 PS NA PS NA PS NA PS NA 1,559.50 6.5 1,559.50 6.8 1,559.50 6.9 MoEPD MW) Expansion of microgrids (2 PS NA PS NA PS NA PS NA 3.27 0.01 3.27 0.01 3.27 0.01 REF MW, solar) Repurposed Small Thermal PS NA PS NA PS NA PS NA 291.11 1.2 291.11 1.3 291.11 1.3 ZPC (200 MW, solar) CCGT power plant (1000 PS NA PS NA PS NA PS NA PS NA 393.15 1.7 1,228.59 5.4 ZETDC MW) Industrial energy efficiency PS NA PS NA PS NA PS NA 98.34 0.41 196.68 0.85 442.52 1.95 ZERA improvement Total 436.14 3.5 460.59 2.9 653.01 3.4 1,201.58 4.8 3,450.28 14.4 4,150.77 18.0 5,715.76 25.2 PS= Planning stage; NA = Not applicable; MEPS = Minimum Energy Performance Standard; CCGT = Combined Cycle Gas Turbine ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT

3.5.2 Industrial Processes and tertiary institutions and to include energy Product Use (IPPU) Sector efficient issues and implementation of MEPS in the Code of Conduct for the RAC sector. Historical data shows that cement production Currently NOU is developing outreach materials has been the biggest source of greenhouse targeted at consumers and plans to conduct gas emissions in the IPPU sector. Operations information session through exhibitions such at the iron and steel mine (Manhize) started as the Zimbabwe International Trade fair, in July 2024, and production will be ramped Ozone Day, and the provincial and district level up from 600,000 t in 2024 to 5,000,000 t in agricultural shows. NOU is promoting use of 2027. The mitigation projects of the NDC2.0 R600a refigerant which has low GWP and zero were maintained in this NDC 3.0, with the HFC ozone depletion potential (ODP). Further, an phasedown being 20% by 2035. awareness raising workshop was organised in January 2025 for customes officers, clearing The phasedown of HFCs is crucial to protect the agents, importers, wholesalers and distributors environment by replacing high global warming of refrigeration and air-conditioning appliances potential (GWP) refrigerants with low GWP to influence importation, use and purchasing refrigerants which are energy efficient under behaviour of consumers towards purchasing the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol. highly energy efficient appliances. NOU plans The Kigali Amendment has a target to cut down to conduct more capapcity building sessions HFCs usage by more than more than 80% by and to establish test cenres at ports of entry 2050. In addition to capacity building conducted and some laboratories such as at Standard as part of the Cooling MEPS implementation, Assoiation of Zimbabwe labs to test RAC NOU conducted a workshop to refrigeration appliances entering the countries as well and air-conditioning (RAC) lecturers and RAC as those manufactured locally to determine experts aimed at incorporating energy efficient whether they conform with the Cooling MEPS. issues in the training of RAC technicians at Figure 9 Mitigation potential of 4 selected measures in the IPPU sector 21 22 Table 7 Analysis of mitigation measures in the IPPU sector ENERGY SECTOR MITIGATION MEASURE ANNUAL AMOUNT AND PROPORTION OF GHG REMOVED FROM SECTOR EMISSIONS BY YEAR (GG CO2EQ.) LEAD AGENT 2023 2024 2025 2026 2028 2030 2035 GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % Clinker substitution with fly ash 22.46 0.57 36.39 0.80 52.40 1.01 70.75 1.37 115.52 2.23 171.11 1.36 267.13 2.14 MIC ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Clinker substitution with BFS 22.46 0.57 36.39 0.80 52.40 1.01 70.75 1.37 115.52 2.23 171.11 1.36 267.13 2.14 MIC HFC phasedown 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.50 0.67 277.01 2.21 MECW Decomposition of N2O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.82 0.67 69.06 1.34 135.84 2.63 200.41 1.59 417.77 3.34 Sable Chemicals Total 44.93 1.15 72.78 1.60 139.63 2.70 210.55 4.07 366.89 7.10 627.13 4.99 1,229.03 9.82 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT

3.5.3 Agriculture Sector The plight for transforming Zimbabwe’s agro- Government seeks to continue promoting based economy into an upper-middle income livestock health improvement programmes economy by 2030 through intensification and mainly through dipping and vaccination to commercialization offer great opportunities for enhance livestock production efficiency. The productivity improvement and GHG mitigation government will implement an integrated in key sources of agricultural GHG emissions, ticks and tick-borne disease control strategy particularly livestock. This will be achieved which involves intensive dipping in 1 million by targeting productivity improvements in households and vaccinations using tick- smallholder, agropastoral farmers who keep borne disease vaccines to reduce mortalities 90% of the national herd under low resource to below 6%. The government will vaccinate input and productivity levels. Currently cattle approximately 650 000 cattle twice annually deaths are high with mortality rate of 15% with a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. The largely due to diseases (83%) of which up government also aims to produce 2 000 tonnes to three-quarters of the mortalities by cattle of hay bales annually in high rainfall areas for diseases are caused ticks and tick-related distribution to the drier parts of the country, as diseases. In the country’s current Livestock supplementary feed to address cattle deaths Growth Plan (2021-2025), the government is from drought. The targeted forage conservation spearheading the implementation of various and supplementation interventions will improve livestock development programmes on forage feed availability and quality and production production and conservation animal health efficiency, and concomitantly reduce enteric and genetic improvement which have direct methane emission per kilogram of feed impacts on productivity improvement and GHG consumed, meat or milk produced by cattle emission mitigation. Figure 10 Mitigation potential of 2 selected measures in the agriculture sector 23 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Table 8 Analysis of mitigation measures in the Agriculture Sector AMOUNT (AND PERCENTAGE) OF GHG AVOIDED FROM TOTAL AGRICULTURE EMISSIONS BY YEAR MITIGATION MEASURE (GG CO2EQ.) IMPROVED FEED IMPROVED CATTLE HEALTH TOTAL 2023 429.78 (2.12) 859.56 (4.25) 1,289.33 (6.37) 2024 456.64 (2.16) 913.28 (4.32) 1,369.92 (6.48) 2025 485.18 (2.20) 970.36 (4.40) 1,455.54 (6.60) 2026 515.50 (2.24) 1,031.01 (4.47) 1,643.17 (6.82) 2028 581.95 (2.31) 1,163.91 (4.63) 1,854.98 (7.05) 2030 656.97 (2.39) 1,313.94 (4.78) 1,970.92 (7.16) 2035 699.07 (2.31) 1,398.15 (4.61) 2,097.22 (7.16) Lead agent MLAFWRD MLAFWRD

3.6.4 Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Sector The country is dedicated to protecting its The government aims to enhance forest forests, recognizing their crucial role in climate monitoring systems and increase public change mitigation and adaptation. Forests are awareness about forest conservation. integral to the country’s vision of achieving a Collaborative efforts between local middle-class economy by 2030, with concrete communities, NGOs, and international partners measures to ensure sustainable forest will be crucial in implementing sustainable management practices are incorporated into forestry practices. Zimbabwe plans to invest development plans. Zimbabwe will prioritise in research to explore innovative approaches sustainable forest management and utilisation, to forest management and climate change ensuring protected areas are maintained and mitigation. biodiversity is preserved. Deforestation and veld fires are primary drivers Forests hold significant potential for emissions of emissions; thus, reducing forest loss and reduction through development of carbon degradation is crucial. Agricultural expansion, projects. The country developed its first Forest settlement growth, illegal mining, veld fires Reference Emission Level with an intention to and tobacco curing contribute to forest loss. participate in results-based payment schemes. To address deforestation in tobacco growing, Plans are in place to develop a jurisdictional the tobacco industry yearly plants fast growing REDD+ programme which will aid in emission exotic trees for tobacco curing, thereby reductions. preserving indigenous species. The Climate Plan aims to reduce deforestation The most impactful policies for land restoration by curbing illegal practices and compensating include the national forest policy and the for legal vegetation suppression, involving tobacco wood energy policy, which mandates strengthened measures and economic farmers to plant 0.3 hectares of fast-growing incentives. Forest restoration will be crucial for trees per hectare of tobacco. greenhouse gas removal from the atmosphere. 24 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT To combat veld fires, national annual initiatives utilize satellite imagery and ground-based such as hay bailing, awareness campaigns, sensors to provide accurate and timely data and law enforcement shall continue to for decision-making. Additionally, community- be promoted to reduce area burned. To based forest management programs will be enhance these efforts, the government plans expanded, empowering local populations to to implement a comprehensive monitoring actively participate in conservation efforts and system to track forest cover changes and fire sustainable resource utilization. occurrences in real-time. This system will Figure 11 Mitigation potential of seven selected measures in the LULUCF sector 25 26 Table 9 Analysis of mitigation measures in the LULUCF sector LULUCF SECTOR AMOUNT (AND PERCENTAGE) OF GHG REMOVAL FROM TOTAL LULUCF EMISSIONS BY MITIGATION MEASURE (GG CO2EQ.) LEAD AGENT MITIGATION 2023 2024 2025 2026 2028 2030 2035 MEASURE GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % GG % Increase area of 4,799.35 10.71 5,039.32 11.05 5,279.29 11.36 5,519.26 11.66 5,999.20 12.20 6,479.14 12.68 7,678.99 13.59 Forestry natural forest Commission Increase area of 671.91 1.50 1,022.15 2.24 1,372.40 2.95 1,722.64 3.64 2,423.13 4.93 3,123.62 6.11 4,874.85 8.63 Allied Timbers, forest plantation Border Timbers, Wattle Company Increase 479.94 1.07 2,519.66 5.52 2,639.65 5.68 2,759.63 5.83 2,999.60 6.10 3,239.57 6.34 3,839.50 6.80 Forestry ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT woodlots for Commission, tobacco curing Sustainable Afforestation Association Reduced area 10,462.50 23.36 10,462.50 22.94 10,462.50 22.52 10,462.50 22.10 10,462.50 21.28 10,462.50 20.47 10,462.50 18.52 Environmental burnt, natural Management forest Agency, Forestry Commission, ZIMParks Reduced 418.50 0.93 418.50 0.92 418.50 0.90 418.50 0.88 418.50 0.85 418.50 0.82 418.50 0.74 Allied Timbers, area burnt, Border Timbers, plantations Wattle Company Reduced area 6,277.53 14.01 6,277.53 13.76 6,277.53 13.51 6,277.53 13.26 6,277.53 12.77 6,277.53 12.28 6,277.53 11.11 Environmental burnt, wooded Management grassland Agency, Forestry Commission, ZIMParks Reduced Tillage 381.23 0.85 750.86 1.65 1,141.49 2.46 1,557.47 3.29 2,462.02 5.01 3,451.75 6.75 6,222.13 11.01 MLAFWRD Total 23,490.96 52.44 26,490.53 58.07 27,591.35 59.38 28,717.54 60.66 31,042.48 63.13 33,452.62 65.45 39,774.00 70.40 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT The LULUCF sector has seven key mitigation reducing burnt areas in wooded grasslands measures that can significantly contribute have the highest potential to reduce greenhouse to emission reduction. These measures were gas emissions. identified through stakeholder consultations, are mostly under implementation, and are 3.6.5 Waste Sector largely funded with domestic resources. With Measures from the waste sector will address external funding, targets can be surpassed CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal and upscaled. Clear institutional roles exist (Figure 12). Solid waste disposal sites are for each mitigation measure. However, there is the fourth leading source of CH4 after enteric a need for a sector coordination strategy and fermentation, biomass burning and fuel a strengthened monitoring and data archiving combustion. The measures will reduce total system. Notably, increasing natural forest and waste emissions by about 35% (Table 9). Figure 12 Mitigation potential of 2 selected measures in the Waste sector 27 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Table 10 Analysis of mitigation measures in the Waste Sector YEAR AMOUNT (AND PERCENTAGE) OF GHG AVOIDED FROM TOTAL WASTE EMISSIONS BY MITIGATION MEASURE (GG CO2EQ.) ORGANIC MATTER COMPOSTING WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECT TOTAL 2023 341.00 (11.23) PS (NA) 341.00 (11.23) 2024 341.00 (11.04) PS (NA) 341.00 (11.04) 2025 341.00 (10.86) PS (NA) 341.00 (10.86) 2026 341.00 (10.50) PS (NA) 341.00 (10.50) 2028 341.00 (10.15) PS (NA) 341.00 (10.15) 2030 341.00 (9.98) 947.00 (27.71) 1,288.00 (37.69) 2035 341.00 (9.17) 947.00 (25.46) 1,288.00 (34.63) Lead agent EMA Local Authority PS= Planning stage; NA = Not applicable; 28 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT PACKAGE OF POLICIES AND STRATEGIES The Constitution of the Zimbabwe (GoZ, 2013) right to a clean, safe and healthy environment. is the highest level of legal reference in the Table 11 shows the polices, strategies, actions country and contains various key elements that and plans related to climate change mitigation. provides an enabling framework for Zimbabwe’s Some of the provisions looks at the climate climate action. The constitution of Zimbabwe issues holistically and cover multiple sectors provides for environmental rights under Section while others are specific to either an economic 73 which states that every Zimbabwean has a sector or to an environmental compartment. 29 30 Table 11 Polices, strategies, actions and plans related to climate change mitigation NAME DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES TYPE OF STATUS IPCC GASES START YEAR IMPLEMENTING INSTRUMENT SECTOR ENTITY National The policy is there to • Establishing an Regulatory Implemented Energy CO2, CH4, N2O 2020 MoEPD, ZERA Renewable increase access to institutional and Energy Policy clean and affordable regulatory framework (2020-2030) energy for promoting uptake of Renewable Energy • Improving electrification ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT levels in a sustainable way and establishing a robust financing mechanism for funding capital intensive RE projects National Energy Provides for improved • Reduce energy losses Regulatory Planned Energy CO2, CH4, N2O 2025 MoEPD, ZERA Efficiency Policy energy efficiency in all in energy supply and sectors of the economy demand System Provides for the • Power supply expansion Other, Implemented Energy CO2, CH4, N2O 2017 MoEPD, ZERA, development development and sectoral ZETDC plan (ZETDC, expansion of power plan 2017) generation Electricity Act Provides for the • Create, promote, and Regulatory Implemented Energy CO2, CH4, N2O 2003 MoEPD, ZERA, (Chapter establishment of the preserve ZETDC 13:19) Zimbabwe Electricity efficient industry and Regulatory Commission market structures and for its functions and for the provision of management electricity services NAME DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES TYPE OF STATUS IPCC GASES START YEAR IMPLEMENTING INSTRUMENT SECTOR ENTITY Rural Act for rural • Establish the Rural Economic Implemented Energy CO2, CH4, N2O 2002 MoEPD, REA Electrification electrification, Electrification Fund and Fund Act collection of the levy to to provide for its objects, (Chapter provide for the management and control 13:20) allocation • Extension of the main grid and disbursement of • Establishment of Mini grid money from the Rural in rural areas Electrification Fund. Long-term Low Identifies the sources • Sets the course for Other, Implemented IPPU 2020 Ministry of GHG Emissions of Zimbabwe’s GHG reducing emissions, while strategy Environment, Development emissions and prioritises at the same time ensuring Climate and Strategy (LEDS) options for their mitigation sustainable socio-economic Wildlife 2020-2050 in the long-term development for the country. Environmental Act for controlling the • Prohibition and control Regulatory Implemented IPPU HFCs, 2023 Ministry of Management importation, exportation, of ODPs, GHGs and GHG mixtures Environment, Regulations, production and dependent equipment of HFCs Climate and 2023 (Statutory consumption of ODPs controlled Wildlife, Instrument 49 of and appliances using by and ZIMRA 2023) greenhouse gases listed under the Kigali Amendment Agriculture Promotes sustainable • Promotes sustainable Regulatory Implemented Agriculture 2021 Ministry Agriculture Recovery Plan agriculture practices agriculture practices responsible Recovery Plan [2021-25] Promotes dam • Promotes dam construction for [2021-25] construction to support to support irrigation Agriculture irrigation development development projects and projects and creation of creation of green belts green belts ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT 31 32 NAME DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES TYPE OF STATUS IPCC GASES START YEAR IMPLEMENTING INSTRUMENT SECTOR ENTITY Livestock Recovery The plan addresses climate • The plan addresses climate Regulatory Implemented Agriculture 2021 Ministry Livestock and Growth Plan change impacts that affect change impacts that affect responsible Recovery and [2021-25] livestock production livestock production for Growth Plan Agriculture [2021-25] The Forest Act Recognizes the role of • Sustainable management of Regulatory Implemented LULUCF CO2, CH4, 2021 Forestry [Chapter 19:05] forests and trees in climate forestry resources N2O Commission and the Forest change and highlights their Amendment Act No unique ability to contribute ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT 4 of 2021. to both climate change adaptation and mitigation. National Forest Outlines strategies • Ensure sustainable Regulatory Implemented LULUCF CO2, CH4, 2024 Forestry Policy of 2024 for sustainable Conservation and utilisation N2O Commission forest management, of forest resources conservation, and utilization of forest resources in Zimbabwe. Carbon Trading Establishes a framework • Provide an enabling Regulatory Implemented All CO2 2023 Ministry of Framework for trading carbon credits environment that supports Environment, generated from emission development of high Climate and reduction projects, integrity carbon credits Wildlife potentially providing financial incentives for forest conservation and carbon sequestration initiatives. NAME DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES TYPE OF STATUS IPCC GASES START YEAR IMPLEMENTING INSTRUMENT SECTOR ENTITY Fruit Trees Planting The government is • Improve household food Measure Implemented LULUCF CO2 2018 Ministry (Horticulture implementation a security responsible scheme) programme country wide • Reduce forest degradation for Agriculture that targets planting of a minimum of 10 fruit trees per household Reforestation/ There are various • Restoration of degraded Measure Implemented LULUCF CO2, CH4, 2018 Forestry Afforestation programmes and projects areas and increasing forest N2O Commission (Tobacco wood that are being implemented areas and Other energy project) at sub national level • Provide energy for tobacco stakeholders wood Energy with an aim to increase curing Programme forest area and restored degraded forests. Some of the projects included GEF funded projects Urban Councils Act Empowers urban councils • Councils are responsible Regulatory Implemented Waste CO2, CH4, 2005 Local to establish and enforce for sewage, drainage, and N2O Authorities Chapter 29:15 by-laws for proper waste waste treatment systems to management and disposal. prevent pollution • Align with public health standards and minimize pollution, promoting sustainable urban living ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT 33 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES AND ENABLERS

5.1 GENDER, YOUTH, CHILDREN AND 5.3 FINANCE, INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY INCLUSIVITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER The implementation of the mitigation and International assistance in relation to climate adaptation actions outlined in this NDC will finance and technology will be pivotal to take into consideration the differentiated the successful implementation of this NDC. impacts of climate change on children, women, Zimbabwe requires appropriate technology the elderly, youths and other social groups. In to implement its adaptation and mitigation addition, implementation will consider the roles actions. Research and innovation are required to that different social groups have to contribute ensure that adaptation actions are aligned to the to emission reductions the associated needs of local communities, climatic conditions sustainable development benefits. Adaptation and social and economic circumstances of the and applicable mitigation actions will prioritize country. Technology development and transfer marginalized groups, geographical zones and will be key in accelerating the implementation provision of resources to communities with the of low emissions development strategies and greatest need and with a view of reducing poverty actions. and enhancing sustainable development.

5.2 CAPACITY BUILDING, EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS The cross-cutting nature of the climate actions outlined in this NDC require continuous capacity building of adaptation and mitigation experts as well as training of technicians in the various sectors. The enhanced integration of climate change into the basic and higher levels of education will assist in the raising broad societal awareness, provide for inclusivity and set the base for specialized climate change capacity building and innovation. In addition, the education sector can assist in reducing the gender disparities in climate change information and actions. 34 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT 35 ZIMBABWE’S NDC3.0 COUNTRY STATEMENT Ministry of Environment, Climate and Wildlife 11th Floor Kaguvi Building Cnr S.V Muzenda and Central Avenue HARARE Tel: +263 8688 007406 36